- published: 04 Jan 2008
- views: 87903
- author: crontario
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Adriatic
The Adriatic Sea (
/ˌeɪdriˈætɨk/) is a body of water separating the Apennine Peninsula from the Balkan peninsula and the Apennine Mountains from the Dinaric Alps and adjacent ranges. The Adriatic is the northernmost arm of the Mediterranean Sea, extending from the Strait of Otranto (where it connects to the Ionian Sea) to the northwest and the Po Valley. Its coasts are part of (in decreasing order of coastline length without islands) Croatia, Italy, Albania, Montenegro, Slovenia and Bosnia–Herzegovina. The Adriatic contains over 1300 islands, mostly located along its eastern coast. It is divided into three basins—the northern being the shallowest and the southern being the deepest, with a maximum depth of 1,233 metres (4,045 ft). The Otranto Sill, a decrease in depth, is located at the border between the Adriatic and Ionian Seas. The prevailing currents flow counterclockwise from the Strait of Otranto, along the eastern coast and back to the strait along the western (Italian) coast. Tidal movements in the Adriatic are slight, although larger amplitudes are known to occur occasionally. The Adriatic's salinity is lower than the Mediterranean's because the former collects a third of the fresh water flowing into the latter, acting as a dilution basin. The surface water temperatures generally range from 24 °C (75 °F) in summer to 12 °C (54 °F) in winter, significantly moderating the Adriatic Basin's climate.
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Adriatic Sea
The Adriatic Sea ( /ˌeɪdriˈætɨk/) is a body of water separating the Apennine Peninsula from the Balkan peninsula and the Apennine Mountains from the Dinaric Alps and adjacent ranges. The Adriatic is the northernmost arm of the Mediterranean Sea, extending from the Strait of Otranto (where it connects to the Ionian Sea) to the northwest and the Po Valley. Its coasts are part of (in decreasing order of coastline length without islands) Croatia, Italy, Albania, Montenegro, Slovenia and Bosnia–Herzegovina. The Adriatic contains over 1300 islands, mostly located along its eastern coast. It is divided into three basins—the northern being the shallowest and the southern being the deepest, with a maximum depth of 1,233 metres (4,045 ft). The Otranto Sill, a decrease in depth, is located at the border between the Adriatic and Ionian Seas. The prevailing currents flow counterclockwise from the Strait of Otranto, along the eastern coast and back to the strait along the western (Italian) coast. Tidal movements in the Adriatic are slight, although larger amplitudes are known to occur occasionally. The Adriatic's salinity is lower than the Mediterranean's because the former collects a third of the fresh water flowing into the latter, acting as a dilution basin. The surface water temperatures generally range from 24 °C (75 °F) in summer to 12 °C (54 °F) in winter, significantly moderating the Adriatic Basin's climate.
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Archduchy of Austria
The Archduchy of Austria (German: Erzherzogtum Österreich), one of the most important duchies within the Holy Roman Empire, was the nucleus of the Habsburg Monarchy and the predecessor of the Austrian Empire. Over nearly 700 years, it evolved from a margraviate to the centre of an empire.
With its capital at Vienna, the archduchy was centered in the Danube basin of the current Austrian federal state of Lower Austria and included most of what is now Upper Austria as well.
Located in the southeastern periphery of the Holy Roman Empire, it bordered on the Kingdom of Hungary beyond the Leitha river. In the south it was confined by the Duchy of Styria, with the border at the historic Semmering Pass, while in the north the Bohemian Forest and the Thaya river marked the border with Bohemia and Moravia. In the west the Upper Austrian part bordered on the Duchy of Bavaria, whereby the historic Innviertel belonged to the Bavarian dukes until the 1779 Treaty of Teschen, as well as on the Archbishopric of Salzburg in the Salzkammergut region.
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Bakar
Bakar (Italian: Buccari, Turkish: Bakır (copper), Hungarian: Szádrév) is a town in the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County in western Croatia. The population of the town is 1,566 (2001), while the population of the municipality is 7,773. 90% declare themselves Croats (2001). The old part of Bakar is situated on a hill overlooking the Bay of Bakar. "Bakar" is the Croatian and Turkish word for copper. Bakar is a port for bulk cargo and used to be known for its industrial complex that included coke factory which produced considerable amount of pollution. Bakar's coke factory was closed in 1995 and the area's pollution has subsided significantly.
Bakar, Hreljin, Krasica, Kukuljanovo, Plosna, Ponikve, Praputnjak, Škrljevo and Zlobin.
Bakar was granted its coat of arms and town privileges in 1799 by Empress Maria Theresa. The coat of arms was in the artistic style typical for the period, with a cartouche with large landscapes and ornamentation around the shield within a circular inscription.
The shield of the coat of arms features a red-and-white checkered top or "chief", with three local gray stone castles on green hills in the middle, and a black anchor on orange at the bottom.
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Baška
Baška (Croatian pronunciation: [bâʃka]) is a settlement and a municipality on the island of Krk, Croatia. This cultural and historical centre famous for its inscribed stone monument from 1100 and a hundred year tradition in tourism, has developed into a popular resort.
Baška has a rich cultural and historical heritage. Worth mentioning is the early Christian archeological site from the 5th century, the renowned Baška tablet from the year 1100 found in Jurandvor nearby, with the accompanying monastery of St. Lucy, as well as many historical churches and chapels. The local museum in Baška houses an interesting ethnographic collection.
In the surrounding area there are 16 hiking trails with a total length of over 80 km. Medical herbs grow in abundance. Wormwood, sage, thyme, and milfoil are just some of the plants that can be found here.
Media related to Baška at Wikimedia Commons
Coordinates: 44°58′N 14°45′E / 44.967°N 14.75°E / 44.967; 14.75
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Belgrade
Belgrade ( /ˈbɛlɡreɪd/; Serbian: Београд; [beǒɡrad] (
listen); names in other languages) is the capital and largest city of Serbia. The city is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers, where the Pannonian Plain meets the Balkans. Its name in English translates to White city. The city proper has a population of over 1.1 million, while its metropolitan area has over 1.6 million people, making it one of the largest cities in Southeast Europe.
One of the largest prehistoric cultures of Europe, the Vinča culture, evolved around the area Belgrade in the 6th millennium BC. In antiquity, Thraco-Dacians inhabited the region, and after 279 BC Celts conquered the city, naming it Singidūn. It was conquered by the Romans during the reign of Augustus, and awarded city rights in the mid 2nd century. It was settled by the Slavs in the 520s, and changed hands several times before it became the capital of King Stephen Dragutin (1282–1316). In 1521 Belgrade was conquered by the Ottoman Empire and became the seat of a the Sanjak of Smederevo. It frequently passed from Ottoman to Habsburg rule, which saw the destruction of most of the city during the Austro-Ottoman wars. Belgrade was again named the capital of Serbia in 1841. The north of Belgrade remained a Habsburg outpost until 1918, when it was merged into the capital city. As a strategic location, the city was battled over in 115 wars and razed to the ground 44 times. Belgrade was the capital of Yugoslavia (in various forms of governments) from its creation in 1918, to its final dissolution in 2006.
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Beli Manastir
Beli Manastir is a town and municipality in eastern Croatia. It is the principal town of the Croatian part of Baranja, located in the Osijek-Baranja county.
The name means "white monastery" in Croatian and primarily in Serbian (its name "Beli manastir" as opposed to standard Croatian "Bijeli samostan" reflects the speech of the local Slavic population rather than adhering to specific Croatian or Serbian guidelines). This name was introduced in 1923 during the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, and before this it was known as Monoštor in Croatian and Serbian. It is also known as Бели Манастир in Serbian Cyrillic, Pélmonostor in Hungarian and Manoster in German.
Other names formerly used for the town were: Pél, Bell, and Monostor. All names are connected with monasteries that existed in history at this location. The first monastery was built in the 9th century during the rule of Slavic duke Kocelj but was later razed, and all that remained of it was pil (obelisk in English), hence the later Hungarian name Pél, which was a version of the Slavic word.
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Belišće
Belišće (pronounced [bɛ̌liːʃtɕɛ]) is a city in Croatia, located in the region of Slavonia, Osijek-Baranja County, at the altitude of 93 m. The population of the city is 6,493 (2011), with 10,790 in the municipality. In 2001 census, the majority were Croats. This industrial town upon the Drava river lies near the border with Hungary north from here.
Chief occupations are forestry, timber and wood processing, (sawmill, chemical and mechanical wood processing), corrugated fiberboard, metal industry, chemicals and synthetic material processing.
The influential Gutmann family made a significant impact on the Belišće region in the 19th and 20th century. Once vast Slavonian oak forests were mostly replaced with farmland, and a section of the working-class quarters of Salamon H. Gutmann from 1884 became part of the present-day Belišće.
Major recreational activities include angling, rowing kayak and canoe on the Drava, river and its backwaters and hunting in the broader surroundings.
The settlements in the administrative area are:
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Benkovac
Benkovac is a town and municipality in the interior of Zadar County, Croatia.
Benkovac is located where the plain of Ravni Kotari and the karstic plateau of Bukovica meet, 20 km from the town of Biograd na Moru and 30 km from Zadar. The Zagreb-Split motorway and Zadar-Knin railway pass through the town. It borders the municipalities of Novigrad, Posedarje, Obrovac, Lišane Ostrovičke, Kistanje and Stankovci.
According to the 2001 census, the municipality had 9,786 inhabitants of which 90.4% were Croats and 7.5% Serbs. Before the war in Croatia, Serbs made up about 57%, and Croats about 41%, however Croats only held 18% of the jobs in the local government, which led to high tensions in the 1990s. During the Operation Storm (Oluja), almost all of the Serbs fled, and after the war many Bosnian Croat refugees settled the area.
According to the Austrian Census in 1900, the town of Benkovac consisted of 356 Catholics and 156 Orthodox, with area surrounding Benkovac it included 8,119 Catholics and 5,981 Orthodox. [1] The 1910 census recorded a total of 810 residents, 388 of which were Catholic and 422 Orthodox. Both censuses were conducted according to religion and language (Serbo-Croatian).
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Bitola
Bitola (Macedonian: Битола [ˈbitɔɫa] ( listen), formerly Monastir or Manastır; known also by several alternative names) is a city in the southwestern part of the Republic of Macedonia. The city is an administrative, cultural, industrial, commercial, and educational centre. It is located in the southern part of the Pelagonia valley, surrounded by the Baba and Nidže mountains, 14 km north of the Medžitlija-Níki border crossing with Greece. It is an important junction connecting the south of the Adriatic Sea with the Aegean Sea and Central Europe. It has been known since the Ottoman period as "the city of the consuls", since many European countries have consulates in Bitola. According to the 2002 census, Bitola is the second largest city in the country. Bitola is also the seat of the Bitola Municipality.
According to Adrian Room, the name Bitola is derived from the old Slavic word Obitel (monastery or abode), since the city was formerly noted for its monastery. When the meaning of the name was no longer understood, it lost its prefix "o". The name Bitola is mentioned in the Bitola inscription, related to the old city fortress built in 1015. Modern Slavic variants include the Macedonian Bitola (Битола), the Serbian Bitolj (Битољ) and Bulgarian Bitolya (Битоля). In Byzantine times, the name was hellenized to Voutélion (Βουτέλιον) or Vitólia (Βιτώλια), hence the names Butella by William of Tyre, Butili by the Arab geographer al-Idrisi. The Aromanian name Bituli is also derived from the Slavic name.
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Bjelovar
Bjelovar is a city in central Croatia. It is the administrative centre of Bjelovar-Bilogora County. At the 2001 census, there were 41,869 inhabitants, of which 90.51% were Croats. Bjelovar is not an ancient town; it was first mentioned in 1413 and only gained importance when a new fort was built there in 1756, at the command of the Habsburg Empress Maria Theresa. The initial role of the city was to defend central Croatia against the Ottoman invasions.
The town had to wait until the end of these wars to be pronounced a free royal town by ban of Ivan Mažuranić in 1874.
In Hungarian, the town is known as Belovár, in German it is known as Belowar, and in Serbian Cyrillic, it is known as Бјеловар.
The oldest Neolithic location in this area is in Ždralovi, a suburb of Bjelovar, where, while building a basement for the house of Josip Horvatić, a dugout was found and identified as belonging to the Starčevo culture (5000 – 4300 BC). Finds from Ždralovi belong to a regional subtype of a late variant of the Neolithic culture. It is designated the Ždralovi facies of the Starčevo culture, or the final-stage Starčevo. There are also relics of the Korenovo culture, Sopot culture, Lasinja culture, and the Vučedol culture.
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Brod Moravice
Brod Moravice is a municipality in the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County in western Croatia. There are 985 inhabitants, with 96% Croats.
Brod Moravice was first mentioned in 1260. It is the smallest municipality, as for population, and oldest one in its county. The rural municipality was founded in the 14th century.
The municipality, part of the historic and geographic large region of the Littoral, is located in the mountain range close to Croatian borders with Slovenia. It dists 65 km from Karlovac, 71 from Rijeka, 114 from Zagreb, 104 from Ljubljana and 144 from Trieste.
The municipality is divided into 38 localities, included the town of Brod Moravice itself. The population, as of 2011, is shown under brackets:
The municipality counts lot of ancient church buildings. It is also a receptive place for tourism due to its natural environment.
Brod Moravice is crossed by the state road D3 and the nearest motorway is the A6 (nearest exit is the n.3 "Ravna Gora"). As for railways, it counts a station on the line Rijeka-Ogulin-Karlovac-Zagreb.
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Budapest
Budapest ( /ˈbuːdəpɛst/, /ˈbuːdəpɛʃt/ or /ˈbʊdəpɛst/; Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈbudɒpɛʃt] ( listen); names in other languages) is the capital and the largest city of Hungary, the largest in East-Central Europe and the seventh largest in the European Union. It is the country's principal political, cultural, commercial, industrial, and transportation centre, sometimes described as the primate city of Hungary. According to 2011 Census, Budapest had 1.74 million inhabitants, down from its 1989 peak of 2.1 million due to suburbanization. The Budapest Commuter Area is home to 3.3 million people. The city covers an area of 525 square kilometres (202.7 sq mi) within the city limits. Budapest became a single city occupying both banks of the river Danube with a unification on 17 November 1873 of west-bank Buda and Óbuda with east-bank Pest.
The history of Budapest began with Aquincum, originally a Celtic settlement that became the Roman capital of Lower Pannonia.Hungarians arrived in the territory in the 9th century. Their first settlement was pillaged by the Mongols in 1241-42. The re-established town became one of the centres of Renaissance humanist culture in the 15th century. Following the Battle of Mohács and nearly 150 years of Ottoman rule, development of the region entered a new age of prosperity in the 18th and 19th centuries, and Budapest became a global city after the 1873 unification. It also became the second capital of Austria-Hungary, a great power that dissolved in 1918. After the Treaty of Trianon in 1920, when Hungary lost 72% of its former territory, culturally and economically the country became wholly Budapest-dominated. The capital dominates the country both by the size of its population—which dwarfs those of Hungary's other cities Budapest was the focal point of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, the Hungarian Soviet Republic of 1919, Operation Panzerfaust in 1944, the Battle of Budapest of 1945, and the Revolution of 1956.
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Cetinje
Cetinje (Montenegrin: Цетиње / Cetinje; Serbo-Croatian pronunciation: [tsětiɲe]) is a town and Old Royal Capital of Montenegro. It is also a historical and the secondary capital of Montenegro (Приjестоница / Prijestonica), with the official residence of the President of Montenegro. It had a population of 13,991 as of 2011.
It is the centre of municipality (population 16,757 in 2011). The city nestles on a small karst plain surrounded by limestone mountains, including Mt. Lovćen, the Black Mountain from which Montenegro gets its name.
Cetinje is a town of immense historical heritage, founded in the 15th century. It became the center of Montenegrin life and both a cradle of Montenegrin culture and a Serbian Orthodox religious center. It is because of its heritage as a long-term Montenegrin capital that it is today the honorary capital of Montenegro.
In Montenegrin and Serbian the town is known as Цетинѣ / Cetině (archaic) or Цетиње / Cetinje (modern); in Italian as Cettigne; in Greek as Κετίγνη (Ketígni); and in Turkish as Çetince.
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China
China (
i/ˈtʃaɪnə/; Chinese: 中国; pinyin: Zhōngguó; see also Names of China), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is the world's most-populous country, with a population of over 1.3 billion. Covering approximately 9.6 million square kilometres, the East Asian state is the world's second-largest country by land area, and the third- or fourth-largest in total area, depending on the definition of total area.
The People's Republic of China is a single-party state governed by the Communist Party of China. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four directly controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau). Its capital city is Beijing. The PRC also claims Taiwan—which is controlled by the Republic of China (ROC), a separate political entity—as its 23rd province, a claim controversial due to the complex political status of Taiwan and the unresolved Chinese Civil War. The PRC government denies the legitimacy of the ROC.
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Cres (town)
Cres is a Croatian town found on the Island of Cres which can be found directly off the Istrian Peninsula and in the Kvarner Gulf. The town is inhabited by 2,959 people (2001), and located at 44°57′37″N 14°24′29″E / 44.96015°N 14.40811°E / 44.96015; 14.40811.
Cres is basically a city on the bay, as its town docks come directly into the middle of the city and are filled with boats. There is a car park at the entrance to the city, along with multiple restaurants and a gas station. Upon entering the city through one of the gates there are narrow paths you must walk through, of houses and small stores. When entering the center there is a huge center, with people selling different homemade goods, there are also shops and open air restaurants in which people can sit on the edge and watch the boats come in.
Cres is home to a Blue-Flag-status marina, that is on the outskirts of the city. This is separate from the concrete center docks seen inside the actual city. The marina is home to ships of many people on the island and is also home to a dry dock where many ships are repaired. The Adriatic Sea is great for fishing and this port is important to the industry.
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Crikvenica
Crikvenica (Croatian pronunciation: [ˈtsrikvɛnitsa]; Latin: Ad Turres) is the largest settlement on the coast of the Vinodol coastal area, Croatia, and grew up on an area which was a settlement in the Roman era (a military base) called Ad Turres. Population 7,121 (2001), total municipality population 11,348 with 90% Croats (2001). It is situated at the Adriatic coast, near Rijeka, the capital of the Primorje-Gorski Kotar county in which it resides. In the last twenty years, due to urban expansion of Crikvenica itself, as well as building in the nearby town of Selce, mentioned two merged into one mini-conglomerate.
Towns near Crikvenica include Kraljevica and Novi Vinodolski.
Old Crikvenica is considered to be a village called Kotor, which is located on hill nearby and shares the name with the village.
The town name comes from a church (Croatian: crkva = church - in dialect crikva) of the Pauline Fathers monastery, built by Nikola Frankopan nearby in 1412. Besides the church and the monastery at the mouth of the Dubračina, the nearby port of Grižane grew up. In 1760 the castellan moved from Bribir to Crikvenica and thus it became the centre of the whole Vinodol. In the 19th century Crikvenica became attractive to many tourists, which changed its history. In 1877 a harbour was built in Crikvenica, in 1888 a bathing beach and as early as 1891 the first hotel opened. In 1895 the Hotel Therapia was opened with 120 beds and the Hydrotherapy Institute. In 1902 the Hotel Crikvenica was built, in 1903 the Bellevue and in 1905 the Miramare. In 1906 Crikvenica became officially a health resort. Due to its favourable climate, in the space of just 16 years Crikvenica became the most important resort on the riviera. Today, with Selce, it is one of the most attractive parts of Kvarner coast, and of North Adriatic coast of Croatia in general.
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Croatia
Croatia (i/kroʊˈeɪʃə/ kroh-AY-shə; Croatian: Hrvatska pronounced [xř̩ʋaːtskaː]), officially the Republic of Croatia (Croatian: Republika Hrvatska listen (help·info)), is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of Central Europe, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers 56,594 square kilometres (21,851 square miles) and has diverse, mostly continental and Mediterranean climates. Croatia's Adriatic Sea coast contains more than a thousand islands. The country's population is 4.29 million, most of whom are Croats, with the most common religious denomination being Roman Catholicism.
In the early 7th century the Croats arrived in area of present-day Croatia. They organised the state into two dukedoms by the 9th century. Tomislav became the first king by 925 AD, elevating Croatia to the status of a kingdom. The Kingdom of Croatia retained its sovereignty for nearly two centuries, reaching its peak during the rule of Kings Peter Krešimir IV and Dmitar Zvonimir. Croatia entered a personal union with Hungary in 1102. In 1527, faced with Ottoman conquest the Croatian Parliament elected Ferdinand I of the House of Habsburg to the Croatian throne. In 1918, after World War I, Croatia was included in the short-lived State of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs that declared independence from Austria–Hungary and co-founded the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. A Croatian state briefly existed during World War II as a fascist puppet state. After the war, Croatia became a founding member and a federal constituent of the Second Yugoslavia, a socialist state. In June 1991, Croatia declared independence, which came into effect on 8 October of the same year. The Croatian War of Independence was fought successfully during the four years following the declaration.
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Delnice
Delnice (pronounced [dě̞ːlnit͡se̞]) is a town in western Croatia, the largest settlement in the mountainous region of Gorski Kotar, in the Primorje-Gorski Kotar county. The town has a population of 4,451 (2001), total municipality population is 6,858. Delnice is Gorski Kotar's main town. It has many shops, bars and restaurants.
Delnice is well connected to numerous local and national destinations by train and bus. Rijeka (Croatia's third largest city) is half an hour away by road.
Delnice, along with the surrounding county of Gorski Kotar’s pristine nature offer a plethora of outdoor opportunities for an active vacation. Some of the activities include Cycling, Mountain Climbing, Rock Climbing, Running, Hiking, Cross Country running, Skiing, Cross Country Skiing, Snowboarding, Camping, Kayaking, River Rafting and Hunting.
Coordinates: 45°24′N 14°48′E / 45.4°N 14.8°E / 45.4; 14.8
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Dobrinj
Dobrinj is a municipality in the Primorje-Gorski Kotar county in western Croatia, on the island of Krk. There are 1,970 inhabitants, with 91% Croats.
The settlements in the municipality are:
Coordinates: 45°07′48″N 14°36′14″E / 45.130°N 14.604°E / 45.130; 14.604
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Drenova
Drenova (German: Drenova) is a local district of the city of Rijeka, Croatia perched on a hill above the city. Originally two villages (Upper Drenova and Lower Drenova), today melted into unique settlement. It is known for the largest cemetery/park area of the city. It has a population of 7638 inhabitants (2001), .
Places of cultural significance include: The Chapel of the All Saints (Croatian: Svih Svetih) built in 1575., the Church of the Our Lady of Mount Carmel (Croatian: Gospe Karmelske) built in 1847. and the Church of the St. George (Croatian: Svetog Jurja) built in 1939.
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Dubrovnik
Dubrovnik (pronounced [dǔbroːʋnik], note that the stress is on the first syllable) is a Croatian city on the Adriatic Sea coast, positioned at the terminal end of the Isthmus of Dubrovnik. It is one of the most prominent tourist destinations on the Adriatic, a seaport and the centre of Dubrovnik-Neretva county. Its total population is 42,641 (census 2011). In 1979, the city of Dubrovnik joined the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites.
The prosperity of the city of Dubrovnik has always been based on maritime trade. In the Middle Ages, as the Republic of Ragusa, also known as a Maritime Republic (together with Amalfi, Pisa, Genoa, Venice and other Italian cities), it became the only eastern Adriatic city-state to rival Venice. Supported by its wealth and skilled diplomacy, the city achieved a high level of development, particularly during the 15th and 16th centuries.
The beginning of tourism in Dubrovnik is often associated with the construction of the late 19th-century luxury hotels in Croatia, such as Grand Hotel (1890) in Opatija and the Hotel Imperial (1897) in Dubrovnik. According to CNNGo, Dubrovnik is among the 10 best medieval walled cities in the world and among the 10 best places in the world for a fairytale proposal of the Valentine's Day. Although Dubrovnik was demilitarised in the 1970s to protect it from war, in 1991, after the breakup of Yugoslavia, it was besieged by Serb-Montenegrin forces for 7 months and received significant shelling damage.
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Duga Resa
Duga Resa is a town in Karlovac County, Croatia. It is located about 100km east of Rijeka.
The earliest reference to Duga Resa is from the year 1380. There are several theories on how the then-village acquired its name: one is that "resa" is a reference to the town people's folk costumes; another is that it is named from a native plant that grows in the area, both on the land and in the water.
The village soon grew into a town during the industrialization of the area in the late 19th and early 20th century. In the 2001 census, there were 12,114 inhabitants in the municipality, 96% of which were Croats.
In 2011, the total population is 11,164, in the following settlements:
Popular activities include fishing, rafting, hunting, boating, swimming, volleyball, soccer, and biking. The local church St. Peters (Sveti Petar) dates back to the 14th century.
Its geographic location gives the town very hot summers and very cold winters.
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Dugo Selo
Dugo Selo is a town in Zagreb County, Croatia.
Dugo Selo (lit. Long Village) is a 20 km drive from Zagreb city centre.
The town covers an area of 51 km² and it consists of numerous settlements. The summit of the hill Martin Breg is situated in the northern part of the town. Most neighborhoods of Dugo Selo are located on the Martin Breg slopes.
Dugo Selo is usually considered an exurb of Zagreb. It is also a part of Zagreb metropolitan area.
The transportation importance lies in the intersection of railway lines Zagreb-Koprivnica-Budapest and Zagreb-Slavonski Brod-Belgrade. A major railway station is located in the southern part of town.
The main thoroughfare of Dugo Selo is State route D41 (Zagreb-Koprivnica), an east-west heavily traveled two-lane road. Because of the proximity, a substantial amount of inhabitants commute to Zagreb, thereby creating congestion on D41 during peak hours. The congestion on the Dugo Selo's part of D41 is mild. State route D28 used to go through Dugo Selo before the B28 expressway was built.
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Este, Italy
Este ( /ˈɛstiː/; Italian: [ˈɛste]) is a town and comune of the Province of Padua, in the Veneto region of northern Italy. It is situated at the foot of the Euganei Hills. The town is a centre for farming, crafts and industry worthy of note.
Este had given its name to the Este culture, a proto-historic culture existed from the late Italian Bronze Age (10th-9th century BC, proto-venetic phase) to the Roman period (1st century BC) and which was located in the present territory of Veneto.
During the Iron Age Este was a major centre of the Veneti and later, during the 2nd century BC, it became a Roman colony. In the Late Antiquity, Este was wrecked by barbarian invasions and arose again only after the 10th century, when Azzo II d'Este built a castle there and named himself and his family after it.
The House of Este held the city until 1240, when they moved their capital to Ferrara. Este was conquered twice by Ezzelino da Romano III, in 1238 and 1249, and disputed during the 14th century by the Scaligeri, the Carraresi and the Visconti, until it surrendered spontaneously to Venice in 1405.
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Free State of Fiume
Coordinates: 45°21′11″N 14°26′34″E / 45.3531°N 14.4429°E / 45.3531; 14.4429 The Free State of Fiume was an independent free state which existed between 1920 and 1924. Its territory of 28 km2 (11 sq mi) comprised the city of Fiume (known as Rijeka since the end of World War II, and now in Croatia) and rural areas to its north, with a corridor to its west connecting it to Italy.
Fiume gained autonomy for the first time in 1719 when it was proclaimed a free port of the Holy Roman Empire in a decree issued by the Emperor Charles VI. In 1776, during the reign of the Empress Maria Theresa, the city was transferred to the Kingdom of Hungary and in 1779 gained the status of Corpus separatum within that Kingdom. From then until 1924 Fiume existed for practical purposes as an autonomous entity with elements of statehood.
The city briefly lost its autonomy in 1848 after being occupied by the Croatian ban (viceroy) Josip Jelačić, but regained it in 1868 when it rejoined the Kingdom of Hungary, again as a corpus separatum.
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Fužine
Fužine is a village and a municipality in the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County in western Croatia.
The total population of Fužine is 1,595, in the following settlements:
Fužine is a town that was built in the 17th century when the House of Zrinski opened an iron mine in this area of Gorski Kotar. Fužine got its name from blacksmiths, because there were many blacksmiths in Fužine fixing carriages. Significant events include the 1737 construction of the Karolina road connecting Bakar with Karlovac, and the coming of the Zagreb-Rijeka railroad in 1873.
There are three large lakes (Bajer and Lepenica) and one small lake (Potkoš) in Fužine.
All the lakes are used for generating electricity. There is also a cave in Fužine that is called Vrelo.
The town area is surrounded by the mountains of Tuhobić, Viševica, and Bitoraj.
Coordinates: 45°18′0″N 14°43′12″E / 45.3°N 14.72°E / 45.3; 14.72
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Garešnica
Garešnica is a town and municipality in Bjelovar-Bilogora County, Croatia. It is part of Moslavina. There are a total of 10,466 inhabitants (census 2011). As of 2001[update], 82% of the inhabitants are Croats.
Garešnica is located in central Croatia at the foot of Moslavačka gora mountain, 17 km (10.56 mi) northeast of Kutina, on the main road Kutina - Veliki Zdenci - Virovitica. It was first mentioned in 1527. The church Visitation of Our Lady was built in 1752 and has still a lot of original inventory.
The town is home to a memorial to its deceased defenders from the Croatian War of Independence.
The following settlements comprise the Garešnica municipality:
Coordinates: 45°34′N 16°56′E / 45.567°N 16.933°E / 45.567; 16.933
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Genoa
Genoa
/ˈdʒɛnoʊ.ə/ (Italian: Genova [ˈdʒɛːnova] (
listen); Genoese and Ligurian Zena [ˈzeːna]; Latin and, archaically, English Genua) is the capital of Liguria and the sixth largest city in Italy, with a population of 608,676 within its administrative limits on a land area of 243.6 km2 (94 sq mi). The urban zone of Genoa extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of 718,896. The urban area of Genoa has a population of 800,709. In the metropolitan area live between 859,000 and 1.4 million or 1.5 million people. Genoa is one of Europe's largest cities on the Mediterranean Sea and the largest seaport in Italy.
Genoa has been nicknamed la Superba ("the Superb one") due to its glorious past and impressive landmarks. Part of the old town of Genoa was inscribed on the World Heritage List (UNESCO) in 2006 (see below). The city's rich art, music, gastronomy, architecture and history, allowed it to become the 2004's European Capital of Culture. It is the birthplace of Christopher Columbus.
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Germany
Germany (i/ˈdʒɜrməni/), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland, pronounced [ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant] ( listen)), is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state and the largest economy in the European Union. It is one of the major political powers of the European continent and a technological leader in many fields.
A region named Germania, inhabited by several Germanic peoples, was documented before AD 100. During the Migration Period, the Germanic tribes expanded southward, and established successor kingdoms throughout much of Europe. Beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation while southern and western parts remained dominated by Roman Catholic denominations, with the two factions clashing in the Thirty Years' War, marking the beginning of the Catholic–Protestant divide that has characterized German society ever since. Occupied during the Napoleonic Wars, the rise of Pan-Germanism inside the German Confederation resulted in the unification of most of the German states into the German Empire in 1871 which was Prussian dominated. After the German Revolution of 1918–1919 and the subsequent military surrender in World War I, the Empire was replaced by the Weimar Republic in 1918, and partitioned in the Treaty of Versailles. Amidst the Great Depression, the Third Reich was proclaimed in 1933. The latter period was marked by Fascism and World War II. After 1945, Germany was divided by allied occupation, and evolved into two states, East Germany and West Germany. In 1990 Germany was reunified.
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Gorski kotar
Gorski kotar (pronounced [ɡǒrskiː kôtaːr]; English: Mountain District) is the mountainous region in Croatia between Karlovac and Rijeka. Together with Lika and the Ogulin-Plaški valley it forms Mountainous Croatia. Because 63% of its surface is forested it is popularly called the green lungs of Croatia or Croatian Switzerland. Through the region passes the European route E65, which connects Budapest and Zagreb with the Adriatic Port of Rijeka.
The region is divided between Primorje-Gorski Kotar county and Karlovac county. The majority of the region lies in Primorje-Gorski kotar county including the cities of Delnice, Čabar, Vrbovsko; and the municipalities of Mrkopalj, Ravna Gora, Skrad, Brod na Kupi, Fužine and Lokve. The part of the region that is in Karlovac county contains the Municipality of Bosiljevo and part of the City of Ogulin. With a population of 4454, Delnice is the largest city of the region and its center. Other centers with populations of more than 1,000 are Vrbovsko (1,900) and Ravna Gora (1,900). Begovo Razdolje, the highest town in Croatia, is located in Gorski kotar at an altitude of 1076 m.
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Gospić
Gospić is a town and municipality in the mountainous and sparsely populated region of Lika, Croatia. It is the administrative centre of Lika-Senj county. Gospić is located near the Lika River in the middle of a karst field.
Gospić is the third smallest seat of a county government in Croatia. Its status as the county capital helped to spur some development in it, but the town as well as the entire region have suffered a constant decrease in population over the last several decades.
The first organized inhabitation of the area was recorded in 1263 as Kaseg or Kasezi. The name Gospić is first mentioned in 1604, which likely originates from the Croatian word for "lady" (gospa) or another archaic form, gospava.
Today's town was built around two Ottoman forts (the towers of Aga Senković and of Aga Alić). The Turkish incursion was repelled by the end of the 17th century and Gospić became an administrative centre of the Lika region within the Military Frontier.
The municipality was the birthplace of such great men as the physicist and engineer Serb Nikola Tesla, pioneer in telegraphy Ferdinand Kovačević and also national thinkers like Ante Starčević.
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Hungary
Hungaryi/ˈhʌŋɡəri/ (Hungarian: Magyarország [ˈmɒɟɒrorsaːɡ] ( listen)) is a country, which is located in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The country's capital, and largest city, is Budapest. Hungary is a member of the European Union, NATO, the OECD, the Visegrád Group, and is a Schengen state. The official language is Hungarian, also known as Magyar, which is part of the Finno-Ugric group and is the most widely spoken non-Indo-European language in Europe.
Following a Celt (after c. 450 BC) and a Roman (AD 9 - c. 430) period, the foundation of Hungary was laid in the late 9th century by the Hungarian prince Árpád, whose great-grandson Saint Stephen I was crowned with a crown sent by the pope from Rome in 1000 AD. The Kingdom of Hungary lasted for 946 years, and at various points was regarded as one of the cultural centres of the Western world. After about 150 years of partial Ottoman occupation (1541–1699), Hungary was integrated into the Habsburg Monarchy, and later constituted half of the Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy (1867–1918).
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Ilirska Bistrica
Ilirska Bistrica (Italianized: Villa del Nevoso Italian: (before 1927 Bisterza), German: Illyrisch Feistritz) is a town and a municipality in Slovenia. It belongs to the traditional region of Primorska.
The town of Ilirska Bistrica is the major economic centre of the district of the same name. Its coat of arms represents the history of the region, being part of the pre-slavic Ilyrian people that once populated the area, along with their shipbuilding past. The name Ilirska Bistrica, has its origin during the times of the Austrian Empire, in which the adjective Ilirska (in German: Illyrisch) was added to the old name Bistrica (German: Feistritz) to differentiate it from other towns in the Empire that had the same name, such as Banská Bystrica in modern-day Slovakia. The name Ilirska Bistrica thus means "Illyrian Bistrica", referring to the Kingdom of Illyria, an administrative unit of the Austrian Empire between 1816 and 1849. The town's current coat of arms was also adopted at the same time; in fact, it is only a slight modification of the coat of arms of the Kingdom of Illyria.
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Imotski
Imotski (pronounced [ǐmɔtskiː]; Latin: Emona, later Imota) is a small town situated on the northern side of Biokovo massif, Dalmatian hinterland, Croatia. The town population is 4,347 while the total municipal population is 10,213 (2001). Imotski has a very mild and pleasant climate with many sunny days.
The town is located close to the border with Bosnia-Herzegovina, by the town of Posušje. The nearest coastal town is Makarska.
Imotski is known for its medieval fortress on the rocks of Blue Lake. Another phenomenon is the Red Lake which looks like the eye in the scenery. Both lakes are said to be connected with underground channels to the Adriatic Sea.
The town was first mentioned as Imotski for the first time in the 10th century. It was held by the Turks from the fall of Bosnia in 1492 until 1717 when it was captured by the Venetians.
Unlike other towns in the area, Imotski had an educational system which consisted of primary and secondary schools from as early as the beginning of the 20th century. The secondary school was founded in 1912 when Imotski was part of the Austro-Hungarian empire.
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Istria
Istria (Croatian, Slovene: Istra, Čakavian: Istrija, Jistra, Croatian pronunciation: [îstra]; Italian: Istria; Istriot: Eîstria; German: Istrien; Hungarian: Isztria), formerly Histria (Latin), is the largest peninsula in the Adriatic Sea. The peninsula is located at the head of the Adriatic between the Gulf of Trieste and the Bay of Kvarner. It is shared by three countries: Croatia, Slovenia, and Italy.
The geographical features of Istria include the Učka mountain ridge, which is the highest portion of the Ćićarija mountain range; the rivers Dragonja, Mirna, Pazinčica, and Raša; and the Lim bay and valley. Istria lies in three countries: Croatia, Slovenia and Italy. By far the largest portion (89%) lies in Croatia. "Croatian Istria" is divided into two counties, the larger being Istria County in western Croatia. Important towns in Istria County include Pula, Poreč, Rovinj, Pazin, Labin, Umag, Motovun, Buzet, and Buje. Smaller towns in Istria County include Višnjan, Roč, and Hum.
The northwestern part of Istria lies in Slovenia: it is known as Slovenian Istria, and includes the coastal municipalities of Piran, Izola and Koper, and the Karstic municipality of Hrpelje-Kozina. Northwards of Slovenian Istria, there is a tiny portion of the peninsula that lies in Italy. This smallest portion of Istria consists of the comunes of Muggia and San Dorligo della Valle.
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Italy
Italyi/ˈɪtəli/ (Italian: Italia [iˈtaːlja]), officially the Italian Republic or the Republic of Italy (Italian: Repubblica italiana), is a unitary parliamentary republic in south-central Europe. To the north, it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia along the Alps. To the south, it consists of the entirety of the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Sardinia–the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea–and many other smaller islands. The independent states of San Marino and the Vatican City are enclaves within Italy, while Campione d'Italia is an Italian exclave in Switzerland. The territory of Italy covers some 301,338 km2 (116,347 sq mi) and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 60.6 million inhabitants, it is the fifth most populous country in Europe, and the 23rd most populous in the world.
Rome, the capital of Italy, was for centuries a political and religious centre of Western civilisation as the capital of the Roman Empire and site of the Holy See. After the decline of the Roman Empire, Italy endured numerous invasions by foreign peoples, from Germanic tribes such as the Lombards and Ostrogoths, to the Byzantines and later, the Normans, among others. Centuries later, Italy became the birthplace of Maritime republics and the Renaissance, an immensely fruitful intellectual movement that would prove to be integral in shaping the subsequent course of European thought.
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Ivanec
Ivanec is a town in northern Croatia, located southwest of Varaždin and east of Lepoglava, north of the mountain Ivanščica.
In the 2011 census, the population of the municipality is 13,765, in the following settlements:
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Ivanić-Grad
Ivanić-Grad (pronounced [ǐʋanitɕ ɡrâːd]) is a town in Zagreb County, Croatia. It is part of Moslavina.
Ivanić-Grad is located south-east from Zagreb, connected:
In the 2001 census, the total population is 14,544, in the following settlements:
In the 2001 census, 95% of the population were Croats.
City government, court, police, health-service, post office are the part of infrastructure of Ivanić-Grad. Ivanić-Grad also has a well-known spa resort, Naftalan.
Situated some 30 km (18.64 mi) east of Zagreb, Ivanić-Grad was one of the bastions on the border between Croatia and the Ottoman Empire that was never breached over centuries of Turkish thrusting toward the West. By the late 19th century, Ottoman expansion was no longer a threat: of greater concern was Hungarian domination, following the 1867 Compromise (Ausgleich) that set up the Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy and arbitrarily assigned Croatia to the Hungarian kingdom. Persistent attempts by Hungarian authorities to impose their language in civil affairs met with strong resistance from the Croats, acutely conscious and proud of their own Slav tongue and literary tradition, now flourishing after their renaissance earlier in the 19th century.
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Japan
Japan
i/dʒəˈpæn/ (Japanese: 日本 Nihon or Nippon; formally 日本国 Nippon-koku or Nihon-koku, literally the State of Japan) is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south. The characters that make up Japan's name mean "sun-origin", which is why Japan is sometimes referred to as the "Land of the Rising Sun".
Japan is an archipelago of 6,852 islands. The four largest islands are Honshū, Hokkaidō, Kyūshū and Shikoku, together accounting for ninety-seven percent of Japan's land area. Japan has the world's tenth-largest population, with over 127 million people. The Greater Tokyo Area, which includes the de facto capital city of Tokyo and several surrounding prefectures, is the largest metropolitan area in the world, with over 30 million residents.
Archaeological research indicates that people lived in Japan as early as the Upper Paleolithic period. The first written mention of Japan is in Chinese history texts from the 1st century AD. Influence from other nations followed by long periods of isolation has characterized Japan's history. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, victory in the First Sino-Japanese War, the Russo-Japanese War and World War I allowed Japan to expand its empire during a period of increasing militarism. The Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937 expanded into part of World War II in 1941, which came to an end in 1945 following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Since adopting its revised constitution in 1947, Japan has maintained a unitary constitutional monarchy with an emperor and an elected parliament called the Diet.
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Jastrebarsko
Jastrebarsko (pronounced [jâstrebarsko]; Hungarian: Jaska) is a town in Zagreb County, Croatia.
In 1865, remnants of a Roman settlement were uncovered in Repišće, Klinča Sela, a village in Jastrebarsko metropolitan area. Further archeological investigation in the late 20th century classified them as a villa rustica and a necropolis consisting of six tumuli, both dating to the early Roman Empire period. The remnants are deemed to be the westernmost group of Noric-Pannonian tumuli and they make a very rare occasion of tombstones located directly on top of tumuli, which is in the rest of Croatia recorded only in Donji Čehi. The location of this archeological site on the fluvial terraces of the local Konjava stream is attributed to the peaceful state of the central Roman Empire, which in turn led to formation of settlements in river valleys.
Sveta Marija pod Okićem (English: Saint Mary under Okić) (locally nicknamed Grič), an archeological site located some 2.5 kilometers (1.6 mi) north of Repišće dating to 4th century, shows a migration from easily accessible locations to steeper hills and creation of isolated walled refugia. This is attributed to the loss of stability in the Pannonian region and in the Empire overall. A necropolis belonging to Sveta Marija was found on the small valley of Popov Dol and small items were excavated therefrom. Those were mostly bronze bracelets and glass chalices, items that Romans buried with their deceased. Two similar sites were found in the vicinity: Pavlovčani and Plešivica pass.
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Jelenje
Jelenje is a municipality in the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County in western Croatia. There are 4,877 inhabitants, with 94.6% Croats.
Coordinates: 45°22′48″N 14°27′0″E / 45.38°N 14.45°E / 45.38; 14.45
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Kastav
Kastav (Italian: Castua) is a historical town located about 10 km northwest of Rijeka and about 5 km northeast of Opatija in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County in Croatia.
The total population of Kastav is 10,472 (census 2011).
The census of 2001 had recorded the following settlements:
Kastav was built on an isolated hill 378 meters above sea level. Its historic center, many parks and big forest are attractive to foreign visitors and hikers. The historic walled town contains a church dating from the 13th century which hosts an international music festival each summer.
The Kastav Statute (Croatian: Statut Grada Kastva) was written in 1400, and confirms the status of Croatian city Kastav as an administrative and political centre from the late 14th century.
Because of its unusual but good position Kastav has really hot summers and very cold winters; during the summer temperatures can rise to 37 °C, sometimes even more. In summer evenings Kastav wood is crowded with walkers who come for the fresh air in wood and of sport, athletes who have their summer break but want stay in good shape. In winter Kastav is one of the first places in the Kvarner region to become white with snow.
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Kaštela
Kaštela (pronounced [kǎʃtɛla]) is a series of seven towns in central Dalmatia, located northwest of Split, west of Solin and east of Trogir, in Croatia. They are part of the Split-Dalmatia county and are treated as a single city with a population of 38,474 (2011), although they are individually between 3,000 and 7,000 residents each.
The Kaštela (which is plural of Kaštel) include:
The Kastela Riviera is a fertile area, about 20 kilometres in length, featuring the first Roman floating docks and 50 places on the long, verdant area, northwest of Split. It is divided into Gornja (upper) and Donja Kastela (lower), and it consists of seven old and two relatively new settlements. The Kastela region with its Mediterranean tone, picturesque landscape and unique composition of natural environment attracted people since prehistoric times. From ancient Greek sailors, Roman patricians, Croatian kings, rulers, Venetian royals to the present sun and sea lovers, as well as mysterious legacies from the past[citation needed].
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Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary was a country in Central Europe covering what is today Hungary, Slovakia, Transylvania (now part of Romania), Carpatho Ruthenia (now part of Ukraine), Vojvodina (now part of Serbia), Burgenland (now part of Austria), and other smaller territories surrounding present-day Hungary's borders. From 1102 it also included Croatia (except Istria), being in personal union with it, united under the Hungarian king. The kingdom existed for almost one thousand years (1000–1918 and 1920–1946) and at various points was regarded as one of the cultural centers of the Western world.
The Latin Regnum Hungariae/Vngarie (Regnum meaning kingdom); Regnum Marianum (Kingdom of St. Mary); or simply Hungaria was the form used in official Latin documents from the beginning of the kingdom to the 1840s. The German name (Königreich Ungarn) was used from 1849 to the 1860s, and the Hungarian name (Magyar Királyság) was used in the 1840s, and again from the 1860s to 1918. The names in other languages of the kingdom were: Polish: Królestwo Węgier, Romanian: Regatul Ungariei, Croatian: Kraljevina Ugarska, Slovene: Kraljevina Ogrska, Czech: Uherské království, Slovak: Uhorské kráľovstvo, Italian (for the city of Fiume), Regno d'Ungheria.
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Klana
Klana is a municipality in the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County in western Croatia. There are 1,978 inhabitants, in the following settlements:
As of 2001[update], the population is 94% Croats.
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Knin
Knin (pronounced [knîːn]; Latin and medieval Hungarian: Tinin, Italian: Tenin, Serbian Cyrillic: Книн) is a historical town in the Šibenik-Knin county of Croatia, located near the source of the river Krka at 44°02′18″N 16°11′59″E / 44.03833°N 16.19972°E / 44.03833; 16.19972, in the Dalmatian hinterland, on the railroad Zagreb – Split. Knin rose to prominence twice in history, as a one-time capital of both the Kingdom of Croatia and briefly of the Republic of Serbian Krajina. The city is of extreme importance for infrastructural reasons, as the railroads from the rest of Dalmatia and its cities of Zadar, Split and Šibenik pass through Knin, going north to the capital city of Croatia, Zagreb.
In the vicinity of today's Knin was once a town called Burnum, which served as an Illyrian and Roman military camp in the 1st century BC.
Knin is mentioned for the first time in the 10th century in the history of Constantine Porphyrogenitus as the centre of a parish. A Croatian diocese of Knin was founded 1040 and its jurisdiction extended to the Drava river, with the "Croatian bishop" at its head.
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Koprivnica
Koprivnica (pronounced [kɔ̝̌priːv̞nit͡sa]) is a city in northern Croatia. It is the capital of the Koprivnica-Križevci county. In 2011 the city administrative area had a total population of 30,872, with 23,896 in the city itself. Area :90,94 km²
The list of settlements in the Koprivnica municipality is:
Koprivnica (German: Kopreinitz, Hungarian: Kapronca) is situated at a strategic location – on the slopes of Bilogora and Kalnik from the south and river Drava from the north. Its position enabled it to develop numerous functions for the wider area such as trade, crafts and administration and in the 13th century, Koprivnica became a town settlement. Koprivnica was named after the brook with the same name, which was first mentioned at the beginning of the 13th century during the Hungarian Kingdom.
Koprivnica has a history similar to nearby Varaždin: it was first mentioned in 1272 in a document by prince László IV and declared a free royal town by king Lajos I in 1356, and flourished as a trading place and a military fortress since.
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Kostrena
Kostrena is a Croatian municipality east of Rijeka on the Kvarner Bay. It is famous for its beaches and a long tradition of seafaring and seamanship. Because of its beautiful rocky beaches and a walkway that goes along the shoreline, it is very popular for recreation and sports. A scenic hill walk called Trim-staza is located on the northeast side of Kostrena. There have been some archeological excavations in Kostrena, discovering ruins from the Roman times. Lately, urban development has been increasing. Kostrena is also an industrialized suburb of Rijeka. An oil refinery and an oil power plant are located at Urinj and a shipyard Viktor Lenac is located in the bay of Martinšćica.
The local soccer club is NK Pomorac.
Kostrena is a popular place for scuba diving, offering a number of dive centers to do shore dives as well as some close shipwrecks located in the Kvarner Bay.
Coordinates: 45°18′N 14°30′E / 45.3°N 14.5°E / 45.3; 14.5
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Kraljevica
Kraljevica (known as Porto Re in Italian and literally translated as "King's cove" in English) is a town in the Kvarner region of the country of Croatia, located between Rijeka and Crikvenica, approximately thirty kilometers from Opatija and near the entrance to the bridge to the island of Krk. Its population is 2,897 and a total of 4,579 in the municipality (2001), and it is administratively governed under the Rijeka civil authority.
Kraljevica is a town that was written about as early as the 13th century. Today, in addition to having the oldest shipyard on the Adriatic, Kraljevica's skyline is dominated by two medieval castles and a church of the Croatian nobles Zrinski and Frankopan. Kraljevica's shipyard employed Josip Broz Tito, the former leader of Yugoslavia, during the first half of the 20th century in his early years of organizing for the Communist Party. After he became marshal of Yugoslavia following World War II the shipyard took his name, until democratic changes in the 1990s.
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Krapina
Krapina is a town in northern Croatia and the administrative centre of Krapina-Zagorje County with a population of 4,482 (2011) and a total municipality population of 12,479 (2011). Krapina is located in the hilly Zagorje region of Croatia, approximately 55 km (34 mi) away from both Zagreb and Varaždin.
The following settlements comprise the Krapina municipality:
In 1899, on a hill called Hušnjak near modern Krapina, the archaeologist and paleontologist Dragutin Gorjanović-Kramberger found over eight hundred fossil remains belonging to Neanderthals. Moreover, these fossil remains are said to exhibit traces of cannibalism and/or mortuary defleshing. At the site where the Neanderthals were discovered, there is now a park with many statues. These statues include a bear, moose, and a beaver.
Krapina has been known since 1193. It has always been a favourite site for castles and country houses of Croatian and Hungarian rulers.
Today it is a reasonably developed town, boasting its festival kajkavskih popevki sung in the local Kajkavian dialect of the Croatian language.
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Križevci, Croatia
Križevci (Latin: Crisium, Hungarian: Kőrös, German: Kreutz) is a town in central Croatia with a total population of 21,155 and with 11,219 in the city itself (2011), the oldest town in its county, the Koprivnica-Križevci county.
The first mention of the so-called Upper Križevac was from 1193 by Bela III, obtaining the status of Royal Borough in 1252 by the ban Stephan which was confirmed by King Bela IV a year later. The so-called Lower Križevac developed somewhat slower than its twin town: it became a free royal town in 1405, thanks to king Sigismund.
Bloody Sabor of Križevci (Croatian: Krvavi Sabor u Križevcima) was organised killing of the Croatian ban Stjepan Lacković and his followers by king Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund, on 27 February 1397.
Križevac was the birthplace of a Catholic priest Marko who died at the hand of Calvinists in Košice in 1619, and was subsequently canonized because of his martyrdom. This event is commemorated every September 7 in Križevci.
After centuries of division, empress Maria Theresa of Austria united the Lower and Upper Križevac into Križevci in 1752 (the word Križevci is plural of Križevac). The town was also hit by the wars with the Turks, but it regained importance in 1871 when the railway was built through it on the way from Budapest to Rijeka.
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Krk (town)
Krk (Italian: Veglia) is the main settlement of the island of Krk, Croatia.
It is located on the southwest coast of the island and is the historical seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Krk.
The city is ancient, being among the oldest in the Adriatic. It has been continuously inhabited since Roman times and was once part of the Byzantine Theme Dalmatia after the Roman Western empire had fallen to the barbarians.
Roman ruins can be seen today in some parts of the town, for example mosaics in the houses. The city had also preserved many medieval fortifications, including Frankopan Castle close to the Kamplin park, and part of the city walls built during the five centuries when the Republic of Venice ruled the city.
Kamplin is called the main square of the old city: this name is derived from the Latin word "campus", meaning field. During Roman times, a training area was located here close to the thermal Roman spas. The remnants of the temple columns at the square gives witness to a large building from Roman times.
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Kutina
Kutina is a city in central Croatia, the largest settlement in the hilly region of Moslavina, in the Sisak-Moslavina county. The town proper has a population of 14,814 (2011), while the total municipality population is 22,815.
The settlement of Kutina was first mentioned in the historical records in 1256.
It is the industrial center of the region with petrochemical industry - Petrokemija d.d., electronic components production - SELK d.d., and a variety of smaller entrepreneurships. There is a long mass-media tradition in Kutina, with Moslavački list [local newspaper] and Radio Moslavina [local radio station]. The initial headquarters of the Nezavisna Televizija (NeT), a regional commercial TV station, were stationed in Voloder near Kutina.
Kutina is widely known for its active youth scene and the alternative-oriented club Baraka. The main attractions are Lonjsko polje nature park, baroque church of Saint Mary of the Snow, old wooden houses called Trijem (eng. Porch) or Čardak, hills of Moslavina with ruins of medieval "burgs".
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Kvarner Bay
The Kvarner Gulf (Croatian: Kvarnerski zaljev, Italian: Golfo del Quarnaro or Carnaro), sometimes also Kvarner Bay, is a bay in the northern Adriatic Sea, located between the Istrian peninsula and the northern Croatian Littoral mainland. The bay is a part of Croatia's internal waters.
The largest islands within the Kvarner are Cres, Krk, Pag, Rab and Lošinj. A portion of the Kvarner Bay, located between Cres, Krk, Rab and Pag is also called Kvarnerić (literally "little Kvarner") or Italian: Golfo del Quarnerolo or Carnerolo, and the portion east of Krk and Rab is called Senj Channel.
The bay is notable for its depth, which allows for the city of Rijeka at its northernmost point to have a sea port that can accommodate Capesize ships.
Coordinates: 44°54′N 14°36′E / 44.9°N 14.6°E / 44.9; 14.6
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Labin
Labin (Italian: Albona) is a town in Istria, Croatia, with a town population of 6,884 (2011) and 11,703 in the greater municipality (which also includes the small towns of Rabac and Vinež, as well as a number of smaller villages, such as Crni).
Labin, an Italian speaking town in Istria, was, for long time, the center of Croatia's largest coalmining district, with four mines operated at its height of production. The mine in downtown Labin closed in the 1950s, while the last mine was closed down in 1989. The large, coal-fired power plant in nearby Plomin now has its coal imported from outside sources once the mines were closed.
The famous Lutheran reformer Matthias Flacius Illyricus (3 March 1520 – 11 March 1575), was born in Labin.
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Ljubljana
Ljubljana (locally: [lʲubˈlʲana] ( listen); German: Laibach, Italian: Lubiana, Latin: Labacum or Aemona) is the capital of Slovenia and its only centre of international importance. It is located in the centre of the country in the Ljubljana Basin, and is the centre of the City Municipality of Ljubljana. With approximately 272,000 inhabitants, it classifies as the only Slovenian large town. Throughout its history, it has been influenced by its geographic position at the crossroads of the Slavic world with the Germanic and Latin cultures.
For centuries, Ljubljana was the capital of the historical region of Carniola. Now it is the cultural, educational, economic, political and administrative centre of Slovenia, independent since 1991. Its transport connections, concentration of industry, scientific and research institutions and cultural tradition are contributing factors to its leading position.
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Lokve, Croatia
Lokve (Italian: Loque) is a Croatian municipality of Primorje–Gorski Kotar County. With an area of 42 km2 its total population amounts of 1,047.
The municipality is located in the mountainous region of Gorski kotar. The Lokve lake (Lokvarsko jezero) is located between the settlements of Homer and Mrzla Vodica.
The settlements in the municipality are:
Coordinates: 45°21′29″N 14°44′53″E / 45.35806°N 14.74806°E / 45.35806; 14.74806
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Lopar, Croatia
Lopar (Italian: Loparo) is a Croatian municipality of Primorje–Gorski Kotar County. It gained the municipality status in 2006 and its population amounts of 1,120.
The municipality is situated in the northest side of Rab island. Close to its coast there are located the two little islands of Goli otok (literary Barren island) and Sveti Grgur (St. Gregory).
Lopar is suddenly considered the birthplace of Saint Marinus (born in the island of Rab), the founder of the eponymous republic.
Coordinates: 44°49′48″N 14°43′48″E / 44.83°N 14.73°E / 44.83; 14.73
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Lovran
Lovran (Italian: Laurana) is a town in Istria, Croatia. It is situated on the western coast of the Kvarner Bay with a population of 3,241 (2001 census). Its name derives from Laurel (Laurus nobilis), as shown in the coat of arms.
Lovran is one of the oldest coastal settlements on the eastern shore of Istrian peninsula. By the early Middle Ages it was an important urban and shipbuilding center of northern Adriatic. Following the sudden development of port towns in the vicinity (Trieste, Pula, and Rijeka) which became the new and dominant urban centers in the region, Lovran lost its significance.
However, by the mid 19th century, the area gains prominence as it becomes a fashionable resort of Austro-Hungarian nobility. The long tradition of tourism is still strongly felt in the Lovran region, and it forms the backbone of the economy.
The region is rich with cultural-historical heritage. A parish church with medieval frescoes and Glagolitic inscriptions, and the 14th century tower of St George's Square within the old urban core, as well as rural ambiances and architectural edifices – namely turn-of-the-century villas with surrounding parks, are general points of interest.
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Makarska
Makarska (Italian: Macarsca; German: Macharscha; Serbo-Croatian pronunciation: [mâkarskaː]) is a small town on the Adriatic coastline of Croatia, about 60 km (37 mi) southeast of Split and 140 km (87 mi) northwest of Dubrovnik. It has a population of 13,716 residents. Administratively Makarska has the status of a town and it is part of the Split-Dalmatia County.
It is a tourist centre, located on a horseshoe shaped bay between the Biokovo mountains and the Adriatic Sea. The city is noted for its palm-fringed promenade, where fashionable cafes, bars and boutiques overlook the pretty harbour where many pleasure craft are moored. Adjacent to the beach are several large capacity hotels as well as a camping ground.
The center of Makarska is an old town with narrow stone-paved streets, a main church square where there is a flower and fruit market, and a Franciscan monastery that houses a sea shell collection featuring a giant clam shell.
Makarska is the center of the Makarska Riviera, a popular tourist destination under the Biokovo mountain. It stretches for 60 km (37 mi) between the towns of Brela and Gradac. In the summertime tens of thousands of tourists flock to the area from Germany, Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Sweden, Slovenia, Hungary, Bosnia and Herzegovina as well as other countries.
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Mali Lošinj
Mali Lošinj (Italian: Lussinpiccolo, Venetian: Lusinpiccolo) is a town and municipality in the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, on the island of Lošinj, in western Croatia. At the time of the 2001 census there were 8,388 inhabitants, of whom 83% were Croats. The favorable climatic conditions, the construction of hotels and resorts, foresting and maintenance of beaches have led to an intensive development of tourism. The village is located in the most protected part of the Losinj bay. The town lies mostly on the eastern, sunny side of the island.
The town was first mentioned in 1398 under the name Malo selo ("small village"). In 1868 it experienced its golden year. There were as many as eleven shipyards, and it became the place with the largest and most developed merchant marine in the Adriatic Sea, even ahead of cities like Rijeka, Trieste and Venice. American author Kenneth Roberts observed that the little town, like some in southern Maine, seemed to have "produced a hundred seamen for each one produced elsewhere." Writing in 1938, Roberts said there were currently "four hundred sea captains living on Lussinpiccolo, which is about the size of Monhegan Island--captains of all sorts of vessels, from thirty thousand ton liners to hundred ton merchant brigs."
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Malinska-Dubašnica
Malinska-Dubašnica is a municipality in the Primorje-Gorski Kotar county in western Croatia, with Malinska as capital. There are 2,726 inhabitants, with 90% Croats.
Coordinates: 45°07′19″N 14°31′44″E / 45.122°N 14.529°E / 45.122; 14.529
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Matulji
Matulji (Italian: Mattuglie) is a municipality in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, Croatia. It is located 10 kilometers (6 mi) west of the Croatian town Rijeka, north of the town of Opatija, and it borders Slovenia. According to the 2001 census, there are 10,544 inhabitants in the area, 89.57% which are Croats.
The municipality is of great transportation importance because of the major railway and highway networks connecting Rijeka with Ljubljana and Trieste to the west, Zagreb and Split to the east and Pula to the south through the Učka tunnel. Sixty five percent of the annual Croatian border traffic takes place through four international border crossings - Pasjak (with Starod in Ilirska Bistrica municipality on the Slovenian side), Rupa (with Jelšane), Mune (with Starod), and Lipa (with Novokračine) - within the Matulji municipality. Šapjane, a main railway crossing into Slovenia with Ilirska Bistrica) on the Slovenian side, is also in the municipality.
Matulji also houses the A7 highway and A8 motorway and six of their interchanges.
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Montenegro
Montenegro (i/ˌmɒntɨˈneɪɡroʊ/ or /ˌmɒntɨˈniːɡroʊ/; or /ˌmɒntɨˈnɛɡroʊ/; Montenegrin: Crna Gora Црна Гора [tsr̩̂ːnaː ɡɔ̌ra] ( listen), meaning "Black Mountain") is a country in Southeastern Europe. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the south-west and is bordered by Croatia to the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the northeast and Albania to the southeast. Its capital and largest city is Podgorica, while Cetinje is designated as the Prijestonica (Пријестоница), meaning the former Royal Capital City.
In the 10th century, there existed three Slavic principalities on the territory of Montenegro: Duklja, roughly corresponding to the southern half, Travunia, the west, and Rascia, the north. In 1042, archon Stefan Vojislav led a revolt that resulted in independence of Duklja and the establishment of the Vojislavljević dynasty. Duklja reached its zenith under Vojislav's son, Mihailo (1046–81), and his son Bodin (1081–1101). By the 13th century, Zeta had replaced Duklja when referring to the realm, which at the time was part of the Serbian Grand Principality of the Nemanjić dynasty.
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Mošćenička Draga
Mošćenička Draga is municipality in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, Croatia. It has 1,641 inhabitants, 91.5% which are Croats. It is situated southwest of Opatija under Mt. Učka. The centre of the municipality is the former fishing village of Mošćenička Draga which is today a tourist resort with two beaches, small marina and walking paths. Above Mošćenička Draga there is the hilltop town of Mošćenice.
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Mrkopalj
Mrkopalj is a town in the mountainous part of Croatia in the region of Gorski kotar, located south of Delnice and some 50 km east of Rijeka. It has 1,407 inhabitants, absolute majority are Croats.
It once was a relatively important trading town in the Gorski Kotar highlands where timber and sheep are the main resources. The Emperor Joseph II granted the Coat of Arms and the status of a free royal market town in 1785. The grant of arms is similar in style with others granted in the period, including the aquarel picture of the Coat of Arms within a ring containing the inscription (thus making it a seal) and set in a baroque scene with mountains, angel broquate covers, coats of arms of selected Habsburg lands.
The shield is party per fess chief per pale: first chequy gules and argent, second or a lamb passant below a fir tree vert trunked proper issuant from a base also vert, and third azure five cliff spikes argent. The modern community adopted (around 1995) the same coat of arms in a modernized artistic rendition as required by regulations.
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Našice
Našice (pronounced Na-shi-tse) is a town in the Osijek-Baranja County of Croatia. It is located on the northern slopes of the Krndija mountain in eastern Slavonia, 51 km southwest of Osijek; elevation 157 m.
Našice is located on the D2 state road Varaždin–Virovitica–Našice–Osijek and the railroad Zagreb–Koprivnica–Osijek. Chief occupations are farming and angling on 11 km² of fishing ground. Major industries include metal processing, cement, (at Našice cement), the stone excavation. Also wood processing, textiles and food.
The city was first mentioned in 1229 under the name of Nekche. The town was a feudal property of the Pejačević family until 1945.
According to the census of 2001, there are 7,894 inhabitants in town, with 16,228 in the entire municipality. 87% of the population are Croats.
The municipality of Našice includes the following settlements:
Rich hunting grounds can be found in the immediate surroundings, and the fishpond Našička Breznica and Lake Lapovac offer fine angling opportunities. Slavonian cuisine and freshwater fish are a part of the gastronomic offerings of the town and its surroundings.
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Novi Marof
Novi Marof (Kajkavian: Nuovi Narof) is a town in north-western Croatia, located south of Varaždin and east of Ivanec, in the Varaždin county.
The population of the municipality is 13,238 (census 2011), distributed in the following settlements:
The town has memorial markers to:
Coordinates: 46°10′N 16°20′E / 46.167°N 16.333°E / 46.167; 16.333
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Novi Vinodolski
Novi Vinodolski (pronounced [nɔ̂v̞iː v̞ǐnɔdɔːlskiː], often also called Novi) is a town on the Adriatic Sea coast in Croatia, located south of Crikvenica, Selce and Bribir and north of Senj. The population of Novi is 3,988, with a total of 5,131 people in the city administered area. The city area became a Frankopan property in the 13th century, marking the period to which the most valuable heritage is dated, including the Law codex of Vinodol. City hinterland is dominated by the Vinodol Valley, used for agriculture and winemaking. Economy of the city is dominated by tourist industry, as Novi Vinodolski is well known tourist centre situated in an area largely unaffected by other types of industry and it offers a wide variety of tourist amenities. The Vinodol Valley is also the site of a hydroelectric power plant utilizing water collected in Gorski Kotar reservoirs. Transport links of the city are substantially dependent on the nearby city of Rijeka.
The area of Novi Vinodolski is inhabited since prehistory, as witnessed by an archaeological site at Osap hill and Roman artifacts and remains such as the Lopsica fortress, found in the city itself and its vicinity. Settlement variously called Novi Grad or Novigrad (lit. New City) was built in the 13th century by the House of Frankopan who acquired the area as their possession at the time. Contemporary development of the region is witnessed by Vinodol Statute of 1288 and significant Glagolitic works of the era. Until the 17th century the city was ruled by the Principality of Krk or as a Frankopan estate. In the 16th century, Novi Vinodolski became a part of Habsburg Empire and it shares political fate of the Kingdom of Croatia and its successor states since then.
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Novska
Novska is a town in Croatian Slavonia, located between Kutina and Nova Gradiška, southeast of the capital, Zagreb. It has a total population of 13,573 in the following settlements:
In the 2001 census, 89.52% (12,813) of the population were Croats and 5.72% (818) were Serbs.
Novska is the middle point on the railroad Zagreb-Vinkovci. It is known for its steel elbow factory, Metaflex.
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Ogulin
Ogulin (pronounced [ôɡuliːn]) is a town in north-western Croatia, in Karlovac County. It has a population of 8,712 (2001), and a total municipal population of 15,054 (2001). Ogulin is known for its historic stone castle Kula, and the nearby mountain of Klek.
Ogulin's history dates back to the 15th century, where it struggled against the Ottoman Turks.The exact timing of the building of the Ogulin tower has not been established. However, a document issued by Bernardin Frankopan in his town of Modruš at around 1500 A.D. mentioned the borders between Modruš and Vitunj, and this is, at the same time, the first historical mention of Ogulin. Ogulin was named Julija's town on the first geographical map of Croatia, made by the Jesuit cartographer Stjepan Glavač in 1673. Julija's Town is known for the legend of Đula who threw herself into the abyss of the River Dobra because of an unhappy love affair. There is also an explanation for the name of Ogulin. The surrounding woods needed to be cleared for the better defence of the town, so Ogulin received its name because of the resulting bare area ("ogolio" in Croatian) around it. Another explanation speaks also about the name of Ogulin. There were a lot of lime-trees along the road from Ogulin towards Oštarije, and the people used to peel the bark. in order to get bass. Ogulin this time got its name from the verb to peel ("guliti" in Croatian). However, none of these is scientifically confirmed. In the 16th century, it became a military stronghold against the Ottomans.
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Omiš
Coordinates: 43°26′N 16°41′E / 43.433°N 16.683°E / 43.433; 16.683
Omiš (pronounced [ɔ̌miːʃ]) is a town and port in the Dalmatia region of Croatia, and is a municipality in the Split-Dalmatia County. The town is situated approximately 25 km (16 mi) south-east of Croatia's second largest city, Split. Its location is where the emerald-green Cetina River meets the Adriatic Sea (Croatian: Jadransko More). Omiš has a population of 15,800 and its area is 266 km² (103 m²).
It is supposed that name of this city, Omiš, developed from Slavic Holm, Hum as translation from Illyrian - Greek word Onaion, Oneon, in meaning "hill" or "place on the hill", but there is also possibility that name of the settlement Onaeum was derived from the name of river which was called Nestos by the Greek colonists in its lower flow, during Antiquity.
Latin names during Ancient Rome were Onaeum, Oeneum, Alminium, and Almissum, during Medieval name was recorded as Olmissium, Almiyssium and from the end of the 15th century, when the city fell to authority of Venetian Republic it was Italian: Almissa.
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Omišalj
Omišalj (Italian: Castel Muschio; German: Moschau) is a small coastal town in the north-west of the island of Krk in Croatia. The population of the town itself is 1,790 (2001), while the Omišalj municipality also includes the nearby Njivice, bringing the total up to 2,998 people. Omišalj is best known in modern times for hosting the Rijeka Airport as well as Port of Rijeka oil terminal.
Omišalj is one of the oldest towns on Krk, dating from the 3rd century, when it was built by the Romans and named Fulfinium. The town was built on the cliff overlooking the bay of Kvarner, some 80 meters above sea level. It is the site of an early Christian basilica. The town was referred to in the 12th century as "Castri musculi": this is from the Latin Ad musculi meaning "the place of shells".
Coordinates: 45°12′43″N 14°33′15″E / 45.21194°N 14.55417°E / 45.21194; 14.55417
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Opatija
Opatija (pronounced [ɔpǎtija]; German: Sankt Jakobi; Italian: Abbazia) is a town in western Croatia, just southwest of Rijeka on the Adriatic coast. As of 2001[update], the town proper had a population of 7,850, with the municipality having a total 12,719 inhabitants.
Opatija is situated in the Gulf of Kvarner in a sheltered position at the foot of Učka mountain, with Vojak peak at 1401 m. Opatija is located 90 km from Trieste by rail and 82 km from Pula by road. The city is geographically on the Istrian peninsula, though it is not in Istria county, but Primorje-Gorski Kotar county.
It is a popular summer and winter resort, with average temperatures of 10 °C in winter, and 25 °C in summer. Opatija is surrounded by beautiful woods of bay laurel. The whole sea-coast to the north and south of Opatija is rocky and picturesque, and contains several smaller winter resorts.
Opatija is included in the territory of the Liburni, a pre-Roman Illyrian people. In Roman times, the area was home to several patrician villas connected to the nearby town of Castrum Laureana, the modern Lovran.
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Osijek
Osijek (Croatian: Osijek, Croatian pronunciation: [ɔ̂sijɛ̝ːk]) is the fourth largest city in Croatia with a population of 128,095 in 2011. It is the largest city and the economic and cultural centre of the eastern Croatian region of Slavonia, as well as the administrative centre of Osijek-Baranja county. Osijek is located on the right bank of the river Drava, 25 kilometres (16 mi) upstream of its confluence with the Danube, at an elevation of 94 metres (308 ft).
The name was given to the city due to its position on elevated ground which prevented the city being flooded by the local swamp waters. Its name Osijek comes from the Croatian word "oseka" which means "ebb tide".
Due to its past and its history within the Habsburg Monarchy and briefly in the Ottoman Empire and also due to the presence of German and Hungarian minorities throughout its history, Osijek also has (or had) its names in other languages, notably Hungarian: Eszék, German: Esseg or Essegg, Latin: Mursa, Turkish: Ösek. Also spelled Esgek. All those names were adjusted variations to the original Croatian given name. In Roman times Osijek was called Mursa Maior, but its official Roman name was Colonia Aelia Mursa, as it was established by emperor Hadrian.
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Petrinja
Petrinja is a city in central Croatia near Sisak in the historic region of Banovina. The city belongs to Sisak-Moslavina County (Sisačko-moslavačka županija).
The name of Petrinja has its roots in Latin petrus, meaning "stone". It is said that the town existed in Roman era in the area of Zrinska Gora, which is very rich in stone.
West of Petrinja is Petrova gora (Peter's mountain), site of the 1097 Battle of Gvozd Mountain between King Petar Svačić of Croatia and Coloman of Hungary.
The first written trace of Petrinja as an inhabited settlement is the one about the benefits awarded to the inhabitants of Petrinja by the Slavonian duke Koloman in 1240. This old medieval Petrinja belongs to the time of warring with the Turks. In 1592, Petrinja was given a new location with the construction and building of a Turkish fortress at the confluence of the Petrinjčica and the Kupa rivers. The fortress was to serve the Turks in conquering Sisak, Turopolje and Zagreb.
On August 10, 1594, the fortress was first liberated by the Croatian army. Therefore, August 10 has become the day of gratitude towards God and St. Lawrence, and this saint has been chosen for the patron saint of the parish and the town of Petrinja. Over the time, Petrinja has increasingly become the place of the settlement for many craftsmen and merchants whose arrival marks the beginning of the town's development.
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Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh ( /ˈpɪtsbərɡ/, PITS-burg) is the second largest city in the U.S. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the county seat of Allegheny County. Regionally, it anchors the largest urban area of both Appalachia and the Ohio River Valley. Nationally, it is the 22nd largest urban area in the United States. The population of the city in 2010 was 305,704, while that of the seven-county metropolitan area stood at 2,356,285.Downtown Pittsburgh retains substantial economic influence, ranking at 25th in the nation for jobs within the urban core and 6th in job density. The characteristic shape of Pittsburgh's central business district is a triangular tract carved by the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers, which form the Ohio River. The city features 151 high-rise buildings, 446 bridges, two inclined railways, and a pre-revolutionary fortification. Pittsburgh is known colloquially as "the City of Bridges" and "the Steel City" for its many bridges and former steel manufacturing base.
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Pleternica
Pleternica is a town in the region of Slavonia, Croatia, 12 km (7.5 mi) southeast of Požega, in the Požega Valley (Požeška kotlina). The population of the municipality is 11,286, with 3,443 in Pleternica itself (2011).
Pleternica is located at the confluence of the river Londža into the Orljava river, at the foot of the mountain Požeška Gora; elevation 153 m (502 ft).
The place was first mentioned in 1270 under the name Sveti Nikola (St. Nicholas); the first mention under the present name was in 1427.
A small town at the railway junction and the intersection of several roads meets the requirements of transit tourism. The folklore event Lidas traditionally takes place in Pleternica.
The Orljava and the Londža rivers provide angling opportunities. A nice waterfall on the Orljava river near Pleternica is a famous angling and excursion destination.
As of 2011[update] the municipality consists of 38 settlements:
Coordinates: 45°17′N 17°48′E / 45.283°N 17.8°E / 45.283; 17.8
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Ploče
Ploče (pronounced [plɔ̂tʃɛ]; Italian: Porto Tòlero) is a town and a notable seaport in the Dubrovnik-Neretva County of Croatia.
Ploče is located on the Adriatic coast in Dalmatia just north of the Neretva Delta and is as such the natural seaside endpoint of most north-south routes through the central Dinaric Alps. This makes it the primary seaport used by Bosnia and Herzegovina and the endpoint of the Pan-European corridor 5C.
Čeveljuša is a toponym in Ploče, located to the east of the town, on the intersection of the D8 highway and the D425.
Ploče was named Kardeljevo after the Yugoslav politician Edvard Kardelj between 1950 and 1954 and again between 1980 and 1990.
The locals call their city Ploča.
The total population of Ploče is 10,102 (2011), in the following settlements:
In the 2001 census, the majority of its citizens were Croats at 95.12%.
The Port of Ploče was first mentioned on 6 November 1387, but the building of a larger port was done in recent modern times. Work on the present day harbour first began in 1939 but was destroyed during World War II. It was rebuilt in 1945 and the village of Ploče grew up to 480 inhabitants in 1948. After the Adriatic road and Neretva railway lines were built to the port in the mid-1960s, the town experienced a steady growth.
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Poreč
Poreč (Italian: Parenzo; Latin: Parens or Parentium; archaic German: Parenz; Ancient Greek: Παρενθος, Pàrenthos) is a town and municipality on the western coast of the Istrian peninsula, in Istria County, Croatia. Its major landmark is the 6th century Euphrasian Basilica, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1997.
Poreč is almost 2,000 years old, and is set around a harbor protected from the sea by the small island of Saint Nicholas/San Nicolo (St. Nicholas). The town's population of approximately 12,000 resides mostly on the outskirts, while the wider Poreč area has a population of approximately 17,000 inhabitants. The municipal area covers 142 km², with the 37 km long shoreline stretching from the Mirna River near Novigrad to Funtana and Vrsar in the south.
The area has been inhabited since prehistoric times. During the 2nd century BC, Roman Castrum was built on a tiny peninsula with approximate dimensions of 400 × 200 m (1,312.34 ft × 656.17 ft) where the town centre is now. During the reign of Emperor Augustus in the 1st century, it officially became a city and was part of the Roman colony of Colonia Iulia Parentium. In the 3rd century the settlement had an organized Christian community with an early-Christian complex of sacral buildings. The earliest basilica contained the remains of and was dedicated to Saint Maurus of Parentium and dates back to the second half of the 4th century. The floor mosaic from its oratory, originally part of a large Roman house, is still preserved in the garden of the Euphrasian Basilica.
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Požega, Croatia
Požega (pronounced [pôʒeɡa]) is a city in western Slavonia, eastern Croatia, with a total population of 26,403 (census 2011). It is the administrative center of the Požega-Slavonia County.
Between 1921 and 1991, the town was known as Slavonska Požega. In German, the town is known as Poschegg, in Hungarian as Pozsega, and in Turkish as Pojega. There is a town in Serbia with same name (see: Požega, Serbia).
Požega (elevation: 152 m (499 ft)) is located in the south-western part of the Valley of Požega, or Požega basin, in Croatian: Požeška kotlina. This fertile valley was important since the antiquity - its Roman name was Vallis Aurea, meaning "golden valley".
The valley is formed by the Slavonian mountains of Požeška Gora, Psunj, Papuk, Krndija and Dilj.
Two state roads run concurrently through the city: the D38 Pakrac — Požega — Pleternica — Đakovo and the D51 Nova Gradiška — Požega — Našice, as well as a railroad: Nova Kapela/Batrina — Pleternica — Požega — Velika.
The total population of the city administrative area is 26,403, in the following settlements:
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Pula
Pula (pronounced [pǔːla]; Latin: Colonia Pietas Iulia Pola Pollentia Herculanea; Italian: Pola; Istro-Romanian: Pola; Chakavian: Pulj, German: Polei, Slovene: Pulj) is the largest city in Istria County, Croatia, situated at the southern tip of the Istria peninsula, with a population of 62,080 (2006). Like the rest of the region, it is known for its mild climate, smooth sea, and unspoiled nature. The city has a long tradition of winemaking, fishing, shipbuilding, and tourism. Pula has also been Istria's administrative center since ancient Roman times.
Pula is the largest city in Istria county, with a metropolitan area of 90,000 people. The city itself has 62,080 residents (2005), while the metropolitan area includes Barban (2,802 residents), Fažana (3,050 residents), Ližnjan (2,945 residents), Marčana (3,903 residents), Medulin (6,004 residents), Svetvinčenat (2,218 residents) and Vodnjan (5,651 residents).
Its population density is 1,093.27 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,831.6 /sq mi), ranking Pula fifth in Croatia.
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Punat
Punat is a municipality in the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County in western Croatia on the island of Krk. There are 1,876 inhabitants, with 91% Croats. The town first appears in writings from AD 1377, but the exact date of foundation is not known. In the bay there is the little island of Košljun.
Coordinates: 45°00′52.92″N 14°37′44.04″E / 45.0147°N 14.6289°E / 45.0147; 14.6289
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Qingdao
Qingdao (help·info) (Chinese: 青岛; pinyin: Qīngdǎo; Mandarin pronunciation: [tɕʰíŋtɑ̀ʊ̯]; German: Tsingtau) also known in the West by its postal map spelling Tsingtao, is a major city with a population of over 8.715 million (2010 census) in eastern Shandong province, Eastern China. Its built up area, made of 7 urban districts plus Jimo city, is home to about 4,346,000 inhabitants in 2010.
It borders Yantai to the northeast, Weifang to the west and Rizhao to the southwest. The character 青 (qīng) in Chinese means "green" or "lush", while the character 岛 (dǎo) means "island". Qingdao is administered at the sub-provincial level.
Lying across the Shandong Peninsula while looking out to the Yellow Sea, Qingdao is a major seaport, naval base, and industrial centre. It is also the site of the Tsingtao Brewery. The world's longest sea bridge, the Qingdao Haiwan Bridge, links the main urban area of Qingdao with Huangdao district, straddling the Jiaozhou Bay sea areas. In 2009, Qingdao was named China's most livable city.
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Rab (town)
Rab (Italian: Arbe Latin: Arba) is the main settlement on the island of Rab in Croatia. It is located on a small peninsula on the southwestern side of the island, and had 554 residents as of 2001.
The town has a long history that dates back to 360 BC when it was inhabited by the Illyrians. The island was the frontier between the regions of Liburnia and Dalmatia. From the third century BC to the sixth century AD Rab was part of the Roman Empire, and Emperor Augustus proclaimed it a municipium in 10 BC. It was the first town of Roman Dalmatia to be given the honorary title "felix".
The worst disaster in the town's history was an outbreak of the plague in 1456 that decimated the city's population.
There are many churches in the town. The largest is St. Mary the Blessed, which was built in the 13th century. The church of St. Justine is now a museum of sacred arts, while the chapel of St. Christopher (dedicated to the patron saint of the island) is nowadays called the Lapidarium. The four church belltowers became the symbol of the town and island. The oldest dates back to the eleventh century.
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Ravna Gora, Croatia
Ravna Gora is a village in western Croatia, located between Delnice and Vrbovsko in the mountainous region of Gorski Kotar. It is the seat of a municipality whose total population is 2,439 (census 2011), with 1,721 in Ravna gora itself and the rest in five smaller villages.
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Rijeka
Rijeka (Croatian: Rijeka, Croatian pronunciation: [rijɛ̌ːka]; Italian: Fiume) is the principal seaport and the third largest city in Croatia (after Zagreb and Split). It is located on Kvarner Bay, an inlet of the Adriatic Sea and has a population of 128,735 inhabitants (2011). The conurbation, which includes adjacent towns and municipalities of Opatija, Lovran, Mošćenička Draga, Matulji, Kastav, Viškovo, Klana, Kostrena, Čavle, Jelenje, Bakar, and Kraljevica has a population of 213,842 (2011).
Historically, because of its strategic position and its excellent deep-water Port of Rijeka, the city was fiercely contested, especially between Italy, Hungary, and Croatia, changing hands and demographics many times over centuries. According to the 2001 census data, the overwhelming majority of its citizens (80.39%) are Croats, with Serbs coming in second (6.21%). The Croatian, Slovene and Italian version of the city's name mean river in each of the languages.
Rijeka is the center of Primorje-Gorski Kotar County in Croatia. The city's economy largely depends on shipbuilding (shipyards "3. Maj" and "Viktor Lenac") and maritime transport. Rijeka hosts the Croatian National Theatre "Ivan pl. Zajc", first built in 1765, as well as the University of Rijeka, founded in 1973 but with roots dating back to 1632.
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Rječina
Rječina (Italian: Eneo) is a river in Croatia which flows in the Adriatic Sea in the city of Rijeka (Fiume).
It is about 19 km long, with average width of 9-16 m. It springs from the cave on the height of 325 m above sea level, under high cliff of Kičej hill (606 m above sea level). Until 1870 the river's spring was under the next by hill called Podjavorje, but it collapsed in earthquake near village Klana. The most noticeable confluents are Sušica, Lužac, Zala, Zahumčica, Golubinka, Ričinica i Borovšćica but they are mostly dry through the year. In 1968 a dam was built for the needs of hydroelectric power plant, and lake Valići came to existence, but the same name village ceased to exist. Rječina flows through the canyon almost half of her length. In Rijeka, the river branches in two parts: Mrtvi kanal (the old basin) and the new canal which was made in 19th century when Mrtvi kanal was used as a harbour. Of sights, the most famous is Gaspar's watermill (Gašparov mlin) in Martinovo Selo which was renewed in 90s. Of fauna the most noticeable are trout and river crabs.
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Rovinj
Rovinj (Istriot: Ruvèigno or Ruveîgno; Italian: Rovigno) is a city in Croatia situated on the north Adriatic Sea with a population of 13,562 (2007). It is located on the western coast of the Istrian peninsula and is a popular tourist resort and an active fishing port. Istriot, a Romance language once widely spoken in this part of Istria, is still spoken by some of the residents. There is a centre of History Research which is an institution of the Council of Europe.
Rovinj is one of nine towns in Istrian County. The climate is Mediterranean. The average temperature is 4.8 °C (40.6 °F) in January and 22.3 °C (72.1 °F) in July. The average annual temperature is 16 °C (60.8 °F). Sea temperature is more than 20 °C (68 °F) from the middle of June to the middle of September. The average annual sea temperature is 16.6 °C (61.9 °F).
From the middle of May to the middle of September the sun shines more than 10 hours a day. The rainfall averages 941 mm a year. The average humidity is 72%. Vegetation is subtropical.
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Sisak
Sisak (pronounced [sǐːsak]) is a city in central Croatia. The city's population in 2011 was 33,049, with a total of 49,699 in the administrative region and it is also the administrative centre of the Sisak-Moslavina county. Sisak is located at the confluence of the Kupa, Sava, and Odra rivers, 57 km (35 mi) southeast of the Croatian capital Zagreb.
Prior to the invasion by the Roman Empire, the region was Celtic and the city there was named Segestica.
In German the town is known as Sissek, in Hungarian as Sziszek, Latin as Siscia, in Serbian Cyrillic as Сисак, and in Slovene as Sisek
Sisak is usually considered to be where the Posavina (Sava basin) begins, with an elevation of 99 m.
Sisak is Croatia's biggest river port and a centre of river shipping industry (Dunavski Lloyd). Sisak lies on the main road Zagreb-Sisak-Petrinja (M12.2) and the railroad Zagreb-Sisak-Sunja.
The long history of urban life here (around 2,500 years) as well the extremely favourable position on the confluence of three rivers, (the Sava, the Kupa and the Odra), have made Sisak an important town in the history of Croatia.
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Skrad
Skrad is a municipality in the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County in western Croatia. There are 1,054 inhabitants (2011), with 97% Croats (2001).
Coordinates: 45°25′40.08″N 14°54′39.96″E / 45.4278°N 14.9111°E / 45.4278; 14.9111
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Slatina, Croatia
Slatina is a town in Slavonia, Croatia. It is located in the Virovitica-Podravina county, at the contact of the Drava valley and the foothills of Papuk mountain, in the central part of the region of Podravina, 29 km (18 mi) southeast of Virovitica; elevation 127 m. The population of the town is 10,152 (2011), with a total of 13,609 in the municipality, composed of the following settlements:
In 2001, 85.5% of the population were Croats.
Economy is based on farming, livestock breeding, foodstuffs (mills, grain silo), tobacco, metal-processing (agricultural machinery), textiles and building material industries. Slatina is located on the state road D2 Varaždin–Koprivnica–Virovitica–Osijek and the railroad Koprivnica–Virovitica–Osijek.
Slatina was first mentioned in 1297; in the 15th century the Zalathnok citadel was also mentioned as a habitation. The town has a castle of the Drašković family from the 19th century. The neo-Gothic parish church of St. Joseph from the beginning of the 20th century was restored as a votive church at the expense of the Croats from Burgenland in Austria.
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Slavonski Brod
Slavonski Brod (Croatian pronunciation: [slǎv̞ɔ̝ːnskiː brɔ̝̂ːd]) is a city in Croatia, with a population of 59,507 in 2011. The city was known as Marsonia in the Roman Empire, and as Brod na Savi 1244–1934. It is the sixth largest city in Croatia, after Zagreb, Split, Rijeka, Osijek and Zadar. Located in the region of Slavonia, it is the centre of Brod-Posavina County, and a river port on the Sava river. It is 197 km southeast of Zagreb and at an elevation of 96 m. Although 'brod' is the word 'ship' in modern Croatian, the city's name bears witness to an older meaning - 'water crossing', 'ford'. In 2009, the city was awarded "The most beautiful city in Croatia" award, given annually by the Croatian National Tourist Board. Across the Sava lies the city of Brod, Bosnia and Herzegovina, also known as Bosanski Brod.
The city developed at the strategically important crossing over the Sava river towards Brod in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is an important intersection of the Posavina part of the highway and a railway junction, since it is located on the highway linking Zagreb–Lipovac–Belgrade (E70, A3) and the Zagreb–Vinkovci–Belgrade railway. The ship port 'Brod' on the Sava river is under construction.
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Slovenia
Slovenia (i/sloʊˈviːniə/ sloh-VEE-nee-ə, Slovene: Slovenija), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Republika Slovenija, [reˈpublika sloˈveːnija]) is a Slavic nation state, situated in South-Central Europe, at the crossroad of main European cultural and trade routes. It borders Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Croatia to the south and southeast, and Hungary to the northeast. It covers 20,273 square kilometres (7,827 sq mi) and has a population of 2.05 million. It is a parliamentary republic, member of the European Union and NATO. Relative to its geography, history, economy, culture, and language, it is a very diverse country distinguished by a transitional character. It is characterised by a high economic and social level. Its capital and largest city is Ljubljana.
The territory of Slovenia is mainly hilly or mountainous and has an exceptionally high landscape and biological diversity and a mosaic structure, which are a result of natural attributes and the long-lasting presence of humans. Four major European geographic units interweave here: the Alps, the Dinaric Alps, the Mediterranean, with a small portion of coastline along the Adriatic Sea, and the Pannonian Plain. The climate is temperate and significantly influenced by the variety of territory, with a strong interaction of the continental climate, the sub-Mediterranean climate and Alpine climate across most of the country. The country is one of the water-richest in Europe, with a dense river network, a rich aquifer system, and significant karstic underground watercourses. Over half of the territory is covered by forest.
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Solin, Croatia
Solin (Latin: Salona) is a town in Dalmatia, Croatia. It is situated 8 km (5 mi) northeast of Split, on the Adriatic Sea and the river Jadro.
Solin developed on the location of ancient town of Salona which was the capital of the Roman province of Dalmatia and the birthplace of Emperor Diocletian. After the arrival of Avars and Slavs in the 7th century town was destroyed, and its refugees moved to settlement in and around Diocletian's palace, "Spalatum" (Split), turning it into a fortified town. In the Early Middle Ages Solin was part of the Croatian territory and played an important role in Medieval Croatian state, being one of capital cities.
In the 20th century intensive industrialisation process of the Split basin made Solin no more than a suburb of Split. Today, with its independent municipal status, Solin is part of the Split conurbation, well connected with other towns. Besides industry, a tourism is being developed lately based on numerous archaeological sites and Solin's distinctive image that comes from many urban parks along the Jadro.
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Split (city)
Split (Croatian pronunciation: [splît]) is a Mediterranean city on the eastern shores of the Adriatic Sea, centred around the ancient Roman Palace of the Emperor Diocletian and its bay and port. With a population of 178,192 citizens, and a metropolitan area numbering up to 467,899, Split is by far the largest Dalmatian city and the second-largest city of Croatia. Spread over a central peninsula and its surroundings, Split's greater area includes the surrounding seaside towns as well. An intraregional transport hub, the city is a link to numerous Adriatic islands and the Apennine peninsula, as well as a popular tourist destination.
Split is also one of the oldest cities in the area. While it is traditionally considered just over 1,700 years old counting from the construction of Diocletian's Palace in AD 305, archaeological research relating to the original founding of the city as the Greek colony of Aspálathos (Aσπάλαθος) in the 6th century BC, establishes the urban tradition of the area as being several centuries older.
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Split, Croatia
Split (Croatian pronunciation: [splît]) is a Mediterranean city on the eastern shores of the Adriatic Sea, centred around the ancient Roman Palace of the Emperor Diocletian and its bay and port. With a population of 178,192 citizens, and a metropolitan area numbering up to 467,899, Split is by far the largest Dalmatian city and the second-largest city of Croatia. Spread over a central peninsula and its surroundings, Split's greater area includes the surrounding seaside towns as well. An intraregional transport hub, the city is a link to numerous Adriatic islands and the Apennine peninsula, as well as a popular tourist destination.
Split is also one of the oldest cities in the area. While it is traditionally considered just over 1,700 years old counting from the construction of Diocletian's Palace in AD 305, archaeological research relating to the original founding of the city as the Greek colony of Aspálathos (Aσπάλαθος) in the 6th century BC, establishes the urban tradition of the area as being several centuries older.
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Sušak, Rijeka
Sušak is a part of the city of Rijeka in Croatia, where it composes the eastern part of the city.
In 1924, Rijeka belonged to the independent Free State of Fiume, which had been created four years earlier under the Treaty of Rapallo, but in the Treaty of Rome the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes and Italy agreed to dissolve the free state. Instead Fiume was annexed to Italy as the Province of Fiume, and Sušak remained with the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, but with joint administration of the port facilities.
The football (soccer) club in Sušak is NK Orijent.
In her 1941 travel book, Black Lamb and Grey Falcon, Rebecca West dedicates a chapter to "Sushak" (sic). At the moment of the writing the city was a separate town from Fiume, as described above. Of the border area, she writes, "There we found a town that has the quality of a dream, a bad headachy dream. ... And at places where no frontiers could possibly be, in the middle of a square, or on a bridge linking the parts of a quay, men in uniform step forward and demand passports..."
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Sveti Ivan Zelina
Sveti Ivan Zelina is a town in the Zagreb county, Croatia.
Sveti Ivan Zelina is north-east from Zagreb, connected:
In the 2011 Croatian census, the total population of the administrative territory of Sveti Ivan Zelina was 15,990, divided in the following settlements:
From 1947 to 1990, during the communist regime, the town was known as Zelina.
Iskra company is one of the most important companies in Sveti Ivan Zelina.
Elementary and high-school are in Sveti Ivan Zelina.
The wine-house is at the central square of Sveti Ivan Zelina.
There is swimming pool in Sveti Ivan Zelina.
Coordinates: 45°53′N 16°26′E / 45.883°N 16.433°E / 45.883; 16.433
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Trieste
Trieste (/triːˈɛst/;Italian pronunciation: [triˈɛste] listen (help·info); Slovene: Trst, German: Triest) is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is situated towards the end of a narrow strip of land lying between the Adriatic Sea and Italy's border with Slovenia, which lies almost immediately south and east of the city. Trieste is located at the head of the Gulf of Trieste and throughout history it has been influenced by its location at the crossroads of Germanic, Latin and Slavic cultures. In 2009, it had a population of about 205,000 and it is the capital of the autonomous region Friuli-Venezia Giulia and Trieste province.
Trieste was one of the oldest parts of the Habsburg Monarchy from 1382 until 1918. In the 19th century, it was the most important port of one of the Great Powers of Europe. As a prosperous seaport in the Mediterranean region, Trieste became the fourth largest city of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (after Vienna, Budapest, and Prague). In the fin-de-siecle period, it emerged as an important hub for literature and music. However, the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and Trieste's union to Italy after World War I led to some decline of its "Mittel-European" cultural and commercial importance. Enjoying an economic revival during the 1930s and throughout the Cold War, Trieste was an important spot in the struggle between the Eastern and Western blocs. Today, the city is in one of the richest regions of Italy, and has been a great centre for shipping, through its port (Port of Trieste), shipbuilding and financial services.
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Trogir
Trogir (Latin: Tragurium ; Greek: Τραγύριον or Τραγούριον,Trogkir; Italian: Traù; Hungarian: Trau) is a historic town and harbour on the Adriatic coast in Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia, with a population of 12,995 (2001) and a total municipality population of 13,322 (2001). The historic city of Trogir is situated on a small island between the Croatian mainland and the island of Čiovo. It lies 27 kilometres west of the city of Split.
Since 1997, the historic centre of Trogir has been included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites.
In the 3rd century BC, Tragurion was founded by Greek colonists from the island of Vis, and it developed into a major port until the Roman period. The name comes from the Greek "tragos" (male goat). Similarly, the name of the neighbouring island of Bua comes from the Greek "voua" (herd of cattle). The sudden prosperity of Salona deprived Trogir of its importance. During the migration of Slavs the citizens of the destroyed Salona escaped to Trogir. From the 9th century on, Trogir paid tribute to Croatian rulers. The diocese of Trogir was established in the 11th century (abolished in 1828; it is now part of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Split-Makarska) and in 1107 it was chartered by the Hungarian-Croatian king Coloman, gaining thus its autonomy as a town.
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Trsat
Trsat (Italian: Tersatto, Latin: Tarsatica) is part of the city of Rijeka, Croatia. It has a historic castle or fortress in a strategic location and several historic churches. The Croatian noble Prince Vuk Krsto Frankopan is buried in one of the churches. Trsat is a steep hill, 138 m high, rising over the gorge of the Rječina river, about a kilometre away from the sea. It was strategically significant from the earliest times right up to the 17th century. Today it is a major Croatian Christian pilgrimage centre and home to a statue of Pope John Paul II who came to Trsat as a Pilgrim in 2003.
In the time before the Illyrians there was a fortified settlement, and then the Illyrian (japodian) fortress Tarsatica. Following this there was a Roman looking point, and from the 13th century it was the property of the Counts of Krk. Later it belonged to the Frankopans. Together with Vinodol, the Croatian-Hungarian King Andrija II presented Trsat to Vid II of Krk. Towards the end of the 15th century the Habsburgs ruled Trsat and, even though it belonged to Croatia and the Frankopans, would not give it up because of its excellent position for the protection of Rijeka. The inhabitants of Trsat and Rijeka waged their fiercest battles with the Venetians in 1508, while in 1527 the Turks made inroads into the city for a short time.
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Ukraine
Ukraine (i/juːˈkreɪn/ yew-KRAYN; Ukrainian: Україна, transliterated: Ukrayina, [ukrɑˈjinɑ]; Russian: Украина; Crimean Tatar: Ukraina) is a country in Central and Eastern Europe. Ukraine borders the Russian Federation to the east and northeast, Belarus to the northwest, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary to the west, Romania and Moldova to the southwest, and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after the Russian Federation.
According to a popular and well established theory, the medieval state of Kievan Rus was established by the Varangians in the 9th century as the first historically recorded East Slavic state which emerged as a powerful nation in the Middle Ages until it disintegrated in the 12th century. By the middle of the 14th century, Ukrainian territories were under the rule of three external powers—the Golden Horde, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Kingdom of Poland. After the Great Northern War (1700–1721) Ukraine was divided between a number of regional powers and, by the 19th century, the largest part of Ukraine was integrated into the Russian Empire with the rest under Austro-Hungarian control. A chaotic period of incessant warfare ensued, with several internationally recognized attempts at independence from 1917 to 1921, following World War I and the Russian Civil War. Ukraine emerged from its own civil war, and on December 30, 1922 Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic became one of the founding republics of the Soviet Union. The Ukrainian SSR's territory was enlarged westward during the civil war shortly before, and after World War II, and further south in 1954 with the Crimea transfer. In 1945, the Ukrainian SSR became one of the founding members of the United Nations.
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Umag
Umag (Croatian pronunciation: [ûmaɡ]; Italian: Umago) is a coastal city in Istria, Croatia. The city hosts the yearly Croatia Open ATP tennis tournament on clay courts.
It is the westernmost city of Croatia, and the municipality includes Savudrija which is westernmost point of Croatia.
Umag has a population of 7,769 (2001), total municipal population 12,901 (2001). Like many other towns in Istria, Umag has a multi-ethnic population. Croats comprise an absolute majority with 59.6%; Italians 18.3%, Serbs 3.8%, Slovenes 2.2%, Bosniaks 1.7%, Albanians 1.3% and those regionally declared (as Istrians) make up the final 1.57%.
Umag was mentioned for the first time in the 7th century by an anonymous citizen from Ravenna, but had already existed in Roman times. Proof of that is found in the numerous remains of Roman retreats, the so-called villa rustica uncovered all along the coast. The town's history is closely linked to the settlement of Sipar whose ruins can be found on the narrow cape, six kilometres north of Umag. In the 9th century the fortified settlement of Sipar was devastated by invaders, the Neretva pirates. However, after this unfortunate incident Umag grew in significance thanks also to its location, a small islet separated from the mainland with a narrow channel. It was actually this location to safeguard the settlement from the continuous invasions throughout the centuries. The Roman period of relative prosperity was substituted by one of insecurity caused primarily by frequent invasions, outbreaks of plague, cholera, and malaria. The number of its dwellers declined rapidly. Umag became part of the reigns of Odoacre, Theodoric and was ruled by the Longobards too.
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United States
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
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University of Rijeka
The University of Rijeka (Croatian: Sveučilište u Rijeci) is situated in the city of Rijeka with faculties also located in cities throughout the regions of Primorje, Istria and Lika.
While the modern university was founded on May 17, 1973, the first school of higher education was established in 1627 by the Jesuits and enjoyed equal status with the academies in the largest cities of the Austrian Empire. The Faculty of Philosophy, established in 1726, operated for two years. The Theological Faculty was founded in 1728. From 1773 to 1780, Rijeka was the seat of the Royal Academy[dubious – discuss]. Departments of biotechnology, informatics, mathematics and physics were founded in 2008. Last three were part of Faculty of Arts and Sciences since 1986.
The University of Rijeka is presently composed of nine faculties, one art academy, four departments, University Libraries and the Students Centre.
These are the 9 faculties, 1 academy and 4 departments into which the University is divided:
Heads of the University hold the title of Rector (Rektor) and are elected to four-year terms. There have been 13 rectors to date since the university's establishment in 1973.
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Učka
The Učka is a mountain range (Croatian: Učka; Italian: Monte Maggiore) that rises behind Opatija riviera, on the Istrian peninsula, in northwestern Croatia. It forms a single morphological unit together with the Čičarija range which streches from the bay of Trieste to Rijeka. Učka is a limestone massif with numerous areas of karst, streching for 20 km from the Poklon Pass (920 m) to Plomin Bay, and is between 4 and 9 km wide.
It differs from all the other coastal mountains in Croatia because of its abundant vegetation on the seaward side. Best known are the forests of sweet chestnuts in the area around Lovran.
Učka's highest peaks are considered nature reserves and memorial areas. The highest peak, Vojak, is located at 1396 meters above sea level. From it there is a magnificent view over the whole of Istria, the Bay of Trieste, the Julian Alps and the Adriatic islands, right down to Dugi Otok.
The subject of a degree of local folklore, Učka is visible from much of the peninsula and is snow-capped some months of the year. The town of Opatija (Italian: Abbazia) is said to have derived its popularity as a resort in Imperial Austria because it is located "in the shade" of Mt. Učka, which by legend shields it from the fierce Mediterranean heat in summertime.
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Valpovo
Valpovo is a town in Slavonia, Croatia. It is close to the Drava river in the region of Slavonia, 25 km (16 mi) northwest of Osijek. The population of Valpovo is 7,396, with a total of 11,570 in the municipality.
In Hungarian the town is known as Valpó, in German as Walpowo, and in Turkish as Valpo.
The settlements in the municipal area of Valpovo are:
In the census of 2001, the absolute majority were Croats.
Officials in the communist Yugoslav regime established a camp for Germans which operated from 1945 to 1946.
Economy is based on farming, livestock breeding, forestry, wood and timber and foodstuffs industries; close to the town are oil and natural gas deposits. Valpovo lies on a regional road that connects it to Osijek and Donji Miholjac, as well a road to Belišće and to Bizovac through Ladimirevci.
Located close to the banks of the Drava river (5 km), Valpovo was an ancient dwelling of feudal families. Major tourist attraction include important cultural and historical heritage, (remains of a mediaeval fortification, the old brickwork bridge, churches) and a landscaped park, protected as a horticultural monument. Prandau-Normann Castle: Count Normann-Ehrenfels and Baron Prandau-Hilleprandt had a magnificent castle that was rebuilt seven times. They planted 121 herbal sorts on 250.000 square meters. Valpovo's park is one of the most beautiful in Slavonia.
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Vinkovci
Vinkovci (pronounced [v̞îːnkɔːv̞t͡si]) is a city in Croatia, in the Vukovar-Syrmia County. In the 2011 census, the total population of the city was 35,375, making it the largest town of the county. Surrounded by many large villages, it is a local transport hub, particularly because of its railways.
The site of Vinkovci (German: Winkowitz, Hungarian: Vinkovce, Latin: Colonia Aurelia Cibalae) was inhabited well before the Roman period The area of the town has been inhabited continually from the Neolithic period. Under the Romans the town was known as Colonia Aurelia Cibalae and was the birthplace of Roman emperors Valentinian I and Valens. The Roman thermal bath is still preserved underground as are several other Roman buildings located near the center of today's Vinkovci.
It was part of Ottoman Empire between 1526 and 1687 and was managed in Sirem sanjak (Its center was Dimitrofça) in Budin Eyalet. It was captured by Habsburg Empire in 1687 and was left to her according to Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699. Habsburg rule lasted until 1918.
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Vinodol, Croatia
Vinodol (pronounced [ʋînɔdɔːl]; Croatian: Vinodolska općina) is a municipality in the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County in western Croatia. There are 3,530 inhabitants, with 94% Croats.
The settlements are:
The Law codex of Vinodol, a medieval Croatian codex, was made in and named after this region.
The Vinodol Hydroelectric Power Plant is located in the region.
Coordinates: 45°09′39.96″N 14°45′52.92″E / 45.1611°N 14.7647°E / 45.1611; 14.7647
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Virovitica
Virovitica (pronounced [ʋirɔʋǐtit͡sa]) is a Croatian town near the Croatian-Hungarian border. It is situated near the Drava river and belongs to the historic region of Slavonia. Virovitica has a population of 14,663, with 21,327 people in the municipality (census 2011). It is also the capital of Virovitica-Podravina county.
Virovitica has also historically been known by the names Wirowititz/Virovititz and Wirowitiza (German), Viroviticza, Verewitiza, Verowitiza, Verowtiza, Verőce (Hungarian) and Varaviza (Italian).
The following settlements comprise the administrative area of the city of Virovitica:
Virovitica has a monument dedicated to fallen members of the Home Guard.
The patron saint of Virovitica is St. Rocco (Sv. Rok), celebrated every August 16.
Virovitica is twinned with:
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Viškovo
Viškovo is a municipality in the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County in western Croatia. There are 8,907 inhabitants, with 85% Croats.
Coordinates: 45°21′36″N 14°22′48″E / 45.36°N 14.38°E / 45.36; 14.38
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Vrbnik
Vrbnik (Italian: Verbenico, German: Vörbnick) is a Croatian village on the east coast of the island of Krk. The town is perched on a limestone outcrop 50m above the Adriatic Sea.
Vrbnik is naturally separated from mainland Croatia by the Vinodol Channel, where the towns of Crikvenica & Novi Vinodolski can be observed across the water. Since 1980 the island has been connected to mainland Croatia via the Krk Bridge.
Originally a walled village, Vrbnik was established in medieval times. It has a population of 944 (2001); there are a total of 1,245 people in the municipality of Vrbnik, which includes three other nearby villages (Garica with 149 inhabitants (2001), Kampelje with 6 inhabitants (2001), and Risika with 146 inhabitants (2001).
The Vrbnik Statute (Croatian: Statut Grada Vrbnika) was written in 1388, and confirms the status of Vrbnik as an administrative and political center. The village is also known through the folksong "Verbniče nad moren" or "Verbniče nad moru" (Oh Vrbnik over the Sea), sung as far away as White Carniola in Slovenia.
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Vrbovec
Vrbovec is city in Zagreb county, Croatia, lying to the northeast of the capital Zagreb.
The town of Vrbovec lies to the north-east of Zagreb, either 32 km (20 mi) along the highway A4 (Zagreb - Sv.Helena), and then B28 expressway (Sv. Helena - Vrbovec) or 40 km (25 mi) by the old state road, Zagreb - Dugo Selo - Bjelovar, and by train through direction Zagreb - Vrbovec - Koprivnica - Hungary.
In the 2011 Croatian census, the total population of the administrative territory of Vrbovec was 14,802, in the following settlements:
In 2001, 97,36% of the population were Croats.
City government, court, police, health and postal services are the part of infrastructure of Vrbovec. The current mayor since 2005 is Vladimir Bregović, who succeeded Zlatko Herček, mayor from 2001 to 2005.
Vrbovec was first mentioned in written documents dated April 21, 1244. The document today lies in the Archbishop's archive in Zagreb, in serial Privilegialia. It was published by Croatian-Hungarian King Bela III (IV), where feudal field was given to the countman Junk, the son of Izak from Ravno (village), whose right are confirmed from the Koloman (brother of King Bela). The countman Junk was the higher officer at Križevci's county.
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Vrbovsko
Vrbovsko is a town in western Croatia, situated at the far east of the mountainous region of Gorski kotar in the Primorje-Gorski Kotar county; on its 280 square kilometers area, Vrbovsko features 60 settlements and a total of 5,019 inhabitants. The town of Vrbovsko itself has a population of 1,647.
In 2001, 57% of the population were Croats and 36% were Serbs.
The list of settlements in the municipality of Vrbovsko is:
In the north, river Kupa separates Vrbovsko from adjoining Slovenia, while the eastern border follows the line of Zdihovo, Liplje and Bosiljevo settlements and cuts through the river Dobra valley near Ljubošina. The western border starts at the Kupa gorge at Radočaj, goes around Razdrto and passes over the railway tracks between Koritnik Veliki and Palež, continues to Lužac and ends in Sušica-Jablan area. The southern border is the highest in its relief characteristics – it runs along mountain peaks at an altitude of 1000 meters or higher. Debela Kosa (1169 m), Bukovica (1253 m), Bijela kosa (1289 m), Mirkovica (1283 m), and Smolnik (1219 m) peaks are especially distinguishable by their beauty, forests and height. Towards the east, the border continues over Kozarice and Lombarda passes, and ends in the river Dobra valley, thus rounding off Vrbovsko area.
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Vukovar
Vukovar (pronounced [v̞ûkɔv̞aːr]) is a city in eastern Croatia, and the biggest river port in Croatia located at the confluence of the Vuka river and the Danube. Vukovar is the center of the Vukovar-Syrmia County. The city's registered population was 26,716 in the 2011 census, with a total of 28,016 in the municipality.
The name Vukovar means "the town on the river Vuka" ('Vuko' from the river Vuka, and 'vár' from the Hungarian word for 'castle'). The name of the river Vuka itself originates from the Slavic word 'vuk', meaning 'wolf'. In Serbian Cyrillic, the town is known as Вуковар, in Hungarian as Vukovár or Valkóvár, in German as Wukowar, and in Turkish as Vukovar.
It is located 20 km (12 mi) northeast of Vinkovci, 36 km (22 mi) southeast of Osijek with the elevation of 108 m (354 ft). Vukovar is located on the main road D2 Osijek—Vukovar—Ilok and on the Vinkovci—Vukovar railway (and road D55).
The city is spread out along the Danube river, and Vukovar proper is in the southeast while Borovo Naselje forms a distinct unit in the northwest.
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Yalta
Yalta (Ukrainian and Russian: Я́лта, Crimean Tatar: Yalta) is a city in Crimea, southern Ukraine, on the north coast of the Black Sea. The city is located on the site of an ancient Greek colony, said to have been founded by Greek sailors who were looking for a safe shore (γιαλός – yalos in Greek) on which to land. It is situated on a deep bay facing south towards the Black Sea, surrounded by wooded mountains. It enjoys a warm Mediterranean climate with many vineyards and orchards in the vicinity.
The term "The Greater Yalta" is used to designate a part of the Crimean southern coast spanning from Foros in the west to Gurzuf in the east and including the city of Yalta and multiple adjacent urban settlements (the area of the Greater Yalta is marked dark blue on the map).
The existence of Yalta was first recorded in the 12th century by an Arab geographer, who described it as a Byzantine port and fishing settlement. It became part of a network of Genoese trading colonies on the Crimean coast in the 14th century, when it was known as Etalita or Galita. Crimea was captured by the Ottoman Empire in 1475, which made it a semi-independent subject territory under the rule of the Crimean Khanate but the southern coast with Yalta was under direct ottoman rule forming the Eyalet of Kefe (Feodosiya). Yalta was annexed by the Russian Empire in 1783, along with the rest of Crimea, sparking the Russo-Turkish War, 1787-1792. Prior to the annexation of the Crimea, the Crimean Greeks were moved to Mariupol in 1778; one of the villages they established nearby is also called Yalta.
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Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia (Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Macedonian: Jugoslavija; Cyrillic: Југославија) was a country in the western part of the Balkans during most of the 20th century which was established three times under differing forms of government.
The first country to be known by this name was the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, which before 3 October 1929 was known as the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. It was established on 1 December 1918 by the union of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs and the Kingdom of Serbia (the Kingdom of Montenegro was annexed on 13 November 1918, and the Conference of Ambassadors in Paris gave international recognition to the union on 13 July 1922). The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was invaded by the Axis powers in 1941, and because of the events that followed, was officially abolished in 1943 and 1945.
The second country with this name was the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia, proclaimed in 1943 by the Yugoslav Partisans resistance movement during World War II. It was renamed to the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia in 1946, when a communist government was established. In 1963, it was renamed again to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). This was the largest Yugoslav state, as Istria, Rijeka and Zadar were added to the new Yugoslavia after the end of World War II.
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Zadar
Zadar (see historical names) is a city in Croatia on the Adriatic Sea. It is the centre of Zadar county and the wider northern Dalmatian region. Zadar is a historical center of Dalmatia as well as the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zadar.
In antiquity, Iadera and Iader, the much older roots of the settlement's names were hidden, the names being most probably related to a hydrographical term. It was coined by an ancient Mediterranean people and their Pre-Indo-European language. They transmitted it to later settlers, the Liburnians. The name of the Liburnian settlement was first mentioned by a Greek inscription from Pharos (Stari grad) on the island of Hvar in 384 BC, where the citizens of Zadar were noted as Ίαδασινοί (Iadasinoi). According to the Greek source Periplus of Pseudo-Scylax the city was Ίδασσα (Idassa), probably a vulgar Greek form of the original Liburnian name.
During Antiquity the name was often recorded in sources in Latin in two forms: Iader in the inscriptions and in the writings of classic writers, Iadera predominantly among the late Antiquity writers, while usual ethnonyms were Iadestines and Iadertines. The accent was on the first syllable in both Iader and Iadera forms, which influenced the early-Medieval Dalmatian language forms Jadra, Jadera and Jadertina, where the accent kept its original place.
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Zagreb
Zagreb (Croatian pronunciation: [zǎːɡrɛb]) is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb lies at an elevation of approximately 122 m (400 ft) above sea level. In the last official census of 2011, the population of the settlement of Zagreb was 686,568, while the total population of its administrative area was 792,875. The wider Zagreb metropolitan area includes the City of Zagreb and the separate Zagreb County with a population of 317,642, bringing the total metropolitan area population up to 1,110,517. It is the only metropolitan area in Croatia with a population of over one million.
Its favourable geographic position in the southwestern part of the Pannonian Basin, which extends to the Alpine, Dinaric, Adriatic and Pannonic regions, provides an excellent connection for traffic between Central Europe and the Adriatic Sea. The transport connections, concentration of industry, scientific and research institutions and industrial tradition underlie its leading economic position in Croatia. Zagreb is the seat of the central government, administrative bodies and almost all government ministries.
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Čabar
Čabar is a town in the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County in western Croatia. There are 4,387 inhabitants, with 95% Croats.
Čabar is twinned with:
Coordinates: 45°36′N 14°38′E / 45.6°N 14.633°E / 45.6; 14.633
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Čakovec
Čakovec (pronounced [t͡ʃâkɔ̝v̞et͡s]) is a city in northern Croatia, located around 90 kilometres north of Zagreb, the Croatian capital. Čakovec is both the county seat and largest city of Međimurje County, the northernmost, smallest and most densely populated Croatian county.
The city administrative area of Čakovec includes the following settlements:
The adjacent villages of Belica, Nedelišće, Pribislavec, Strahoninec and Šenkovec are seats of separate municipalities, although they are all located within 5 kilometres of the city's centre.
The total population of the city's metropolitan area, with all of the aforementioned villages is approximately 45,000.[citation needed]
In the 2001 census, the city of Čakovec had a population of 15,790 within its limits, which is a slight decrease from 1991 census in which it was populated by 15,999 people. With its surrounding suburbs included it had a population of 30,455 as of 2001 census.
The city's present day population primarily consists of ethnic Croats at 93%, with the largest minority being Roma at 3.6% of the municipality. Other ethnic groups are Serbs, Hungarians, Slovenes and Albanians. Today's population is estimated to be around 20,000 people within the city limits.
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Čavle
Čavle is a municipality in the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County in western Croatia. There are 6,749 inhabitants, with 86% Croats.
Coordinates: 45°21′0″N 14°28′48″E / 45.35°N 14.48°E / 45.35; 14.48
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Đakovo
Đakovo (pronounced [d͡ʑâkɔ̝v̞ɔ̝]) is a town in the region of Slavonia, Croatia. Đakovo is the centre of the fertile and rich Đakovo region (Croatian: Đakovština).
Đakovo is located 37 km (23 mi) to the southwest of Osijek and 34 km (21 mi) southeast of Našice; elevation 111 m.
It is located near the motorway A5/E73, at the intersection of the state road D7 to Osijek, the arterial roads D38 to Požega, D46 to Vinkovci and the connecting road D515 to Našice.
The railroad Ploče–Sarajevo–Vrpolje–Osijek–Budapest runs through the city.
There is a total of 27,798 residents in the municipality (census 2011), in the following individual settlements:
Chief occupations include farming, livestock breeding, leather and wool processing; horse selection centre; major industries are wood processing (furniture), textiles, chemicals and food processing, building material, printing and tourism.
The Cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul in Đakovo is the town's most famous landmark and the most important sacral object, not only in Đakovo but also throughout the whole region of Slavonia. The Cathedral was built 1866-1882 under Josip Juraj Strossmayer, then the bishop of the Đakovo and Srijem Catholic diocese. The landscaped park from the 19th century near the bishop's palace is a horticultural monument under special protection as well as the nearby Small Park (Mali Park) dating from the turn of the 19th/20th century.
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Šibenik
Šibenik (Croatian pronunciation: [ʃîbe̞niːk]) is a historic town in Croatia, located in central Dalmatia where the river Krka flows into the Adriatic Sea. Šibenik is a political, educational, transport, industrial and tourist center of Šibenik-Knin county.
In Croatian, the town is known as Šibenik, in Latin as Sebenicum, in Italian as Sebenico, in Hungarian as Sibenik, in Albanian as Shibeniku, and in German as Sibennig.
Unlike other cities along the Adriatic coast, which were established by Greeks, Illyrians and Romans, Šibenik was founded by Croats. Excavations of the castle of Saint Michael, have since proven that the place was inhabited long before the actual arrival of the Croats. It was mentioned for the first time under its present name in 1066 in a Charter of the Croatian King Petar Krešimir IV and, for a period of time, it was a seat of this Croatian King. For that reason, Šibenik is also called "Krešimirov grad" (Krešimir's city). It is the oldest native Croatian town on the eastern shores of the Adriatic.
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Alajos Hauszmann
Hauszmann Alajos (June 9, 1847, Buda - July 31, 1926, Velence, Fejér) was an Austro-Hungarian architect, professor, and member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
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Albanians
Albanians (Albanian: Shqiptarët) are an ethnic group native to Albania and neighbouring countries. In the context of an ethnicity, they are commonly referred to as ethnic Albanians to distinguish the group from the use of the term Albanians as referring to citizens of Albania. They speak the Albanian language. More than half of all Albanians live in Albania and Kosovo. The Albanian diaspora also exists in a number of other countries.
While the exonym Albania for the general region inhabited by the Albanians does hark back to Classical Antiquity, the name was lost within the Albanian language, the Albanian endonym being shqiptar, from the term for the Albanian language, shqip, a derivation of the verb shqiptoj "to utilize a correct Albanian pronunciation ". This theory pertains to Hahn and it holds that perhaps the word is ultimately a loan from Latin excipio. Thus, the Albanian endonym, like Slav and others, is in origin a term for "those who speak [intelligibly, the same language]". However another plausible theory has been advanced by Maximilian Lambertz to explain the endonym as derived from the Albanian noun shqype or shqiponjë (eagle), which, according to Albanian folk etymology, denoted a bird totem dating from the times of Skanderbeg, as displayed on the Albanian flag.
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Augustus
Augustus ( /ɔːˈɡʌstəs/;Classical Latin: [awˈɡʊstʊs]; Latin: Imperator Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14) is considered the first emperor of the Roman Empire, which he ruled alone from 27 BC until his death in 14 AD. Born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, he was adopted posthumously by his great-uncle Gaius Julius Caesar in 44 BC via his last will and testament, and between then and 27 BC was officially named Gaius Julius Caesar. In 27 BC the Senate awarded him the honorific Augustus ("the revered one"), and thus consequently he was Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus.
The young Octavius came into his inheritance after Caesar's assassination in 44 BC. In 43 BC, Octavian joined forces with Mark Antony and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus in a military dictatorship known as the Second Triumvirate. As a triumvir, Octavian ruled Rome and many of its provinces. The triumvirate was eventually torn apart under the competing ambitions of its rulers: Lepidus was driven into exile, and Antony committed suicide following his defeat at the Battle of Actium by Octavian's fleet under the command of Agrippa in 31 BC.
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Bosniaks
The Bosniaks or Bosniacs (Bosnian: Bošnjak, pl: Bošnjaci, pronounced [bɔːˈʃɲaːtsi]) are a South Slavic ethnic group, living mainly in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a smaller minority also present in other lands of the Balkan Peninsula especially in Serbia, Montenegro and Croatia. Bosniaks are typically characterized by their historic tie to the Bosnian historical region, traditional adherence to Islam since the 15th and 16th centuries, common culture and language. In the English-speaking world, Bosniaks are also referred to as Bosnian Muslims or simply Bosnians. Bosniak has replaced Muslim as an official ethnic term in part to avoid confusion with the religious term Muslim - an adherent of Islam. The term Bosnian is used to denote all inhabitants of Bosnia regardless of ethnic origin.
Bosniaks are a South Slavic people. Nonetheless, it has been proposed, based on genetic signatures, that their roots also date back to pre-Slavic inhabitants of the Dinaric region, effectively predating many modern European homogenous ethnic groups. There are well over two million Bosniaks living in the Balkans today, with an estimated additional million settled and living around the world.[citation needed] Several instances of ethnic cleansing and genocide have had a tremendous effect on the territorial distribution of the population. Partially due to this,[citation needed] a notable Bosniak diaspora exists in a number of countries, including Austria, Germany, Australia, Sweden, Turkey, Canada and the United States. Both within the region and throughout the world, Bosniaks are often noted for their unique culture, which has been influenced by both eastern and western civilizations and schools of thought over the course of their history.
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China
China (i/ˈtʃaɪnə/; Chinese: 中国; pinyin: Zhōngguó; see also Names of China), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is the world's most-populous country, with a population of over 1.3 billion. Covering approximately 9.6 million square kilometres, the East Asian state is the world's second-largest country by land area, and the third- or fourth-largest in total area, depending on the definition of total area.
The People's Republic of China is a single-party state governed by the Communist Party of China. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four directly controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau). Its capital city is Beijing. The PRC also claims Taiwan—which is controlled by the Republic of China (ROC), a separate political entity—as its 23rd province, a claim controversial due to the complex political status of Taiwan and the unresolved Chinese Civil War. The PRC government denies the legitimacy of the ROC.
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Claudius Gothicus
Claudius II (Latin: Marcus Aurelius Valerius Claudius Augustus; May 10, 213 – January 270), commonly known as Claudius Gothicus, was Roman Emperor from 268 to 270. During his reign he fought successfully against the Alamanni and scored a crushing victory against the Goths at the Battle of Naissus. He died after succumbing to a smallpox plague that ravaged the provinces of the Empire.
Claudius' origin is uncertain. Born on May 10, 213, he was either from Sirmium in Pannonia Inferior or from Naissus Dardania (in Moesia Superior).
Claudius had served with the Roman army for all his adult life, making his way up the military hierarchy until the Emperor Gallienus made him the commander of his elite cavalry force. In September 268 he found himself assigned as a military tribune with the Emperor, besieging the usurper Aureolus in Milan. There, the troops proclaimed him Emperor, amid charges, never proven, that he murdered his predecessor Gallienus. However, he soon proved to be less than bloodthirsty, as he asked the Roman Senate to spare the lives of Gallienus' family and supporters. He was less magnanimous toward Rome's enemies, however, and it was to this that he owed his popularity.
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Croats
Croats (Croatian: Hrvati) are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 4 million Croats living inside Croatia and up to 4.5 million throughout the rest of the world. Responding to political, social and economic pressure, many Croats have migrated throughout the world, and established a notable Croatian diaspora. Large Croat communities exists in The United States, Chile, Argentina, Germany, Austria, Australia, Peru, Canada, Serbia, New Zealand and South Africa. Croats are noted for their culture, which has been influenced by a number of other neighbouring cultures through the ages. The strongest influences came from Central Europe and the Mediterranean where, at the same time, Croats have made their own contribution. The Croats are predominantly Catholic with minor groups of Protestants, Muslims, Orthodox, Jews and secular non religious atheists and agnostics. Their language is Croatian.
Croatia is the nation state of the Croats, while in the adjacent Bosnia and Herzegovina they are one of the three constituent peoples alongside Bosniaks and Serbs.
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Ernst Mach
Ernst Mach (German pronunciation: [ˈɛɐnst ˈmax]) (February 18, 1838 – February 19, 1916) was an Austrian physicist and philosopher, noted for his contributions to physics such as the Mach number and the study of shock waves. As a philosopher of science, he was a major influence on logical positivism and through his criticism of Newton, a forerunner of Einstein's relativity.
Ernst Waldfried Josef Wenzel Mach was born in Chrlice (German: Chirlitz), Moravia (then in the Austrian empire, now part of Brno in the Czech Republic). His father, who had graduated from Charles University in Prague, acted as tutor to the noble Brethon family in Zlín, eastern Moravia. His grandfather, Wenzl Lanhaus, an administrator of the estate Chirlitz, was also master builder of the streets there. His activities in that field later influenced the theoretical work of Ernst Mach. Some sources give Mach's birthplace as Turas/Tuřany (now also part of Brno), the site of the Chirlitz registry-office. Peregrin Weiss baptized Ernst Mach into the Roman Catholic Church in Turas/Tuřany. Despite his Catholic background, he later on became an atheist.
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Eurasian Avars
The Eurasian Avars or Ancient Avars ( /ˈævɑrz/) were a Turkic people from the steppes of Central Asia, and later they became a confederation of Eurasian tribes of mixed origin. They were ruled by a khagan, who was surrounded by a tight-knit entourage of nomad warriors. Although the name Avar first appeared in the mid-fifth century, the Avars of Europe enter the historical scene in the mid-sixth century AD, when they established a pax spanning considerable areas of Central and Eastern Europe. Their state was the Avar Khaganate. The rule of their country over much of the Pannonian Plain persisted until the early 9th century.
The origin of the Eurasian Avars is unclear. Information about origins is derived primarily from the works of Byzantine historians Menander Protector and Theophylact Simocatta. John of Ephesus used the term "those, who are called "Avars," because of their long hair." The confusion is compounded by the fact that many clans carried a particular name because they believed it to be prestigious, or it was attributed to them by outsiders describing their common characteristics, believed place of origin or reputation.[citation needed] Such a case has been seen repeatedly for many nomadic confederacies.
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Fiorello La Guardia
Fiorello Henry LaGuardia ( /fiəˈrɛloʊ ləˈɡwɑrdiə/; born Fiorello Enrico La Guardia; December 11, 1882 – September 20, 1947) was Mayor of New York for three terms from 1934 to 1945 as a Republican. Previously he was elected to Congress in 1916 and 1918, and again from 1922 through 1930. Irascible, energetic and charismatic, he craved publicity and is acclaimed as one of the three or four greatest mayors in American history. Only five feet tall, he was called "the Little Flower" (Fiorello is Italian for "little flower").
LaGuardia, a Republican who appealed across party lines, was very popular in New York during the 1930s. As a New Dealer, he supported President Franklin D. Roosevelt, a Democrat, and in turn Roosevelt heavily funded the city and cut off patronage from LaGuardia's foes. La Guardia revitalized New York City and restored public faith in City Hall. He unified the transit system; directed the building of low-cost public housing, public playgrounds, and parks; constructed airports; reorganized the police force; defeated the powerful Tammany Hall political machine; and reestablished merit employment in place of patronage jobs.
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Franks
The Franks (Latin: Franci or gens Francorum) were a confederation of Germanic tribes first attested in the third century AD as populating a broad strip of land on the right bank of the Lower and Middle Rhine River. From the third to fifth centuries some Franks raided Roman territory while other Franks joined the Roman troops in Gaul. Only the Salian Franks formed a kingdom on Roman-held soil that was acknowledged by the Romans after 357. In the climate of the collapse of imperial authority in the West, the Frankish tribes were united under the Merovingians and conquered all of Gaul except Septimania in the 6th century. The Salian political elite was one of the most active forces in spreading Christianity over western Europe. The Franks had created one of the most strong and stable barbaric kingdoms.
The Merovingian dynasty, descended from the Salians, founded one of the Germanic monarchies which replaced the Western Roman Empire from the fifth century. The Frankish state consolidated its hold over large parts of western Europe by the end of the eighth century, developing into the Carolingian Empire which dominated most of Western Europe. This empire would gradually evolve into France and the Holy Roman Empire.
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Gabriele d'Annunzio
Gabriele D'Annunzio or d'Annunzio (ennobled by the King of Italy in 1924 as Principe di Montenevoso; Italian pronunciation: [ɡabriˈɛːle danˈnuntsjo]; 12 March 1863 – 1 March 1938) was an Italian poet, journalist, novelist, dramatist, and soldier during World War I. He was a prominent Italian nationalist figure. His role in politics is controversial due to his influence on the Italian Fascist movement and his status as the alleged forerunner of Benito Mussolini.
D'Annunzio was of Dalmatian extraction. He was born in Pescara, Abruzzo, the son of a wealthy landowner and mayor of the town whose name was originally Francesco Rapagnetta, to which both father and son legally added D'Annunzio. The son was baptized Gaetano and gained the name of Gabriele as a nickname in childhood, from his angelic looks. His precocious talent was recognised early in life, and he was sent to school at the Liceo Cicognini in Prato, Tuscany. He published his first poetry while still at school at the age of sixteen with a small volume of verses called Primo Vere (1879), influenced by Giosuè Carducci's Odi barbare, in which, side by side with some almost brutal imitations of Lorenzo Stecchetti, the fashionable poet of Postuma, were some translations from the Latin, distinguished by such agile grace that Giuseppe Chiarini on reading them brought the unknown youth before the public in an enthusiastic article. In 1881 D'Annunzio entered the University of Rome La Sapienza, where he became a member of various literary groups, including Cronaca Bizantina and wrote articles and criticism for local newspapers. In those university years he started to promote Italian irredentism.
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Giovanni Giolitti
Giovanni Giolitti (Italian pronunciation: [dʒoˈvanni dʒoˈlitti]; Mondovì, October 27, 1842 – Cavour, July 17, 1928) was an Italian statesman. He was the 19th, 25th, 29th, 32nd and 37th Prime Minister of Italy between 1892 and 1921. He is the second-longest serving Prime Minister in Italian history, after Benito Mussolini, becoming Prime Minister on five occasions over 20 years.
Giolitti was a master in the political art of Trasformismo, the method of making a flexible, centrist coalition of government which isolated the extremes of the left and the right in Italian politics after the unification. Under his influence, the Italian Liberals did not develop as a structured party. They were, instead, a series of informal personal groupings with no formal links to political constituencies. The period between the turn-of-the-twentieth-century to the start of Word War I, when he was Prime Minister and Minister of the Interior from 1901-1914 with only brief interruptions, is often called the Giolittian Era.
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Giovanni Luppis
Giovanni Biagio Luppis von Rammer (Croatian: 'Ivan Lupis') (27 August 1813 – 11 January 1875) was an officer of the Austrian Navy who had the idea of the first self-propelled torpedo.
Giovanni Luppis (or Lupis) was born in the city of Rijeka (Fiume) in 1813, which was at the time part of the Illyrian Provinces, but soon passed back to Austria. His parents where Ferdinando Carlo, nobleman of Poreč (Parenzo) and Vis (Lissa) and Giovanna Parich, noble of Dubrovnik (Ragusa). In the city of Rijeka, Giovanni Luppis's family has been powerful shipowners. Lupis attended a gymnasium in Rijeka and the Collegio di marina, the Austrian naval academy in Venice. Then he married a noblewoman, the Baroness Elisa de Zotti.
He served in the Venezianisch-Österreichische Kriegsmarine (after 1849 K.u.K Kriegsmarine ) and rose up the ranks to the position of Frigate Captain (Fregattenkapitan). In 1848/1849 he was an officer on the ships that blocked Venice.
About the middle in the 19th century, an officer of the Austrian Marine Artillery conceived the idea of employing a small boat carrying a large charge of explosives, powered by a steam or an air engine and remotely steered by cable to be used against enemy ships. Upon his death, before he had perfected his invention or made it public, the papers of this anonymous officer came into the possession of Capt. Giovanni Luppis.
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Hungarians
Hungarians, also known as Magyars (Hungarian: magyarok), are a nation and ethnic group who speak Hungarian and are primarily associated with Hungary. There are around 14-15 million Hungarians, of whom 10 million live in today's Hungary (as of 2011). About 2.2 million Hungarians live in areas that were part of the Kingdom of Hungary before the 1918-1920 dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and the Treaty of Trianon, and are now parts of Hungary's seven neighbour countries, especially Romania, Slovakia, Serbia and Ukraine. Significant groups of people with Hungarian ancestry live in various other parts of the world, most of them in the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Canada and Australia. Unlike the Hungarians living on the former territory of pre-1918-20 Kingdom of Hungary, only some of the ethnic Hungarians in other areas preserve the Hungarian language and traditions. The Hungarians can be classified into several subgroups according to local linguistic and cultural characteristics; subgroups with distinct identities include the Székely, the Csángó, the Palóc, and the Jassic people.
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Ilario Carposio
Ilario Carposio (Trento 1852 – Fiume 1921) was an artistic photographer who owned an important studio in Fiume, now Rijeka in present-day Croatia. He was an Italian-speaking citizen of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The studio opened in 1878 and rapidly became renamed and appreciated. Ilario Carposio received several official awards, among them the first prize in the Austro-Hungarian agro-industrial exposition (Trieste, 1882).
After Ilario’s death, the studio continued to work, thanks to Ilario’s son Renato Carposio (1886–1930) and later Renato’s wife Maruzza. The activity ceased only in 1947, after the Second World War and the important political changes (Fiume/Rijeka was assigned to Yugoslavia and most of the Italian population left).
Ilario Carposio had seven sons, among them Enrico Carposio (1887–1980), who was an outstanding professor of Mathematics and Physics in Fiume and, after WWII, in Bologna.
In April–May 2004, two expositions held in Rijeka and Zagreb renewed the interest of the public in the work of Ilario Carposio.
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Istria
Istria (Croatian, Slovene: Istra, Čakavian: Istrija, Jistra, Croatian pronunciation: [îstra]; Italian: Istria; Istriot: Eîstria; German: Istrien; Hungarian: Isztria), formerly Histria (Latin), is the largest peninsula in the Adriatic Sea. The peninsula is located at the head of the Adriatic between the Gulf of Trieste and the Bay of Kvarner. It is shared by three countries: Croatia, Slovenia, and Italy.
The geographical features of Istria include the Učka mountain ridge, which is the highest portion of the Ćićarija mountain range; the rivers Dragonja, Mirna, Pazinčica, and Raša; and the Lim bay and valley. Istria lies in three countries: Croatia, Slovenia and Italy. By far the largest portion (89%) lies in Croatia. "Croatian Istria" is divided into two counties, the larger being Istria County in western Croatia. Important towns in Istria County include Pula, Poreč, Rovinj, Pazin, Labin, Umag, Motovun, Buzet, and Buje. Smaller towns in Istria County include Višnjan, Roč, and Hum.
The northwestern part of Istria lies in Slovenia: it is known as Slovenian Istria, and includes the coastal municipalities of Piran, Izola and Koper, and the Karstic municipality of Hrpelje-Kozina. Northwards of Slovenian Istria, there is a tiny portion of the peninsula that lies in Italy. This smallest portion of Istria consists of the comunes of Muggia and San Dorligo della Valle.
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Italians
Italians (Italian: italiani) are an ethnic group native of Southern Europe that share a common Italian culture, ancestry and speak the Italian language as a mother tongue. Within Italy, Italians are defined by citizenship, regardless of ancestry or country of residence (though the principle of jus sanguinis is used extensively and arguably more favorably in the Italian nationality law), and are distinguished from people of Italian descent and, historically, from ethnic Italians living in the unredeemed territories adjacent to the Italian Peninsula.
In 2012, in addition to the 60 million Italians in Italy and 3,000 in San Marino, Italian-speaking, autonomous groups are found in neighboring countries: about 500,000 in Switzerland, a large, but undefined population in France (Nice, Corsica), and smaller groups in Slovenia and Croatia, primarily in Istria. If regarded as an ethnic group, they constitute one of the world's largest.
Because of wide-ranging and long-lasting diaspora, about 4 and half million Italian citizens and over 70 million people of full or part Italian ancestry live outside of Italy, most notably in South America, North America, Australia and parts of Europe.
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János Kádár
János Kádár (26 May 1912 – 6 July 1989) was a Hungarian communist leader and the General Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party, presiding over the country from 1956 until his retirement in 1988. His thirty-two year term as General Secretary makes Kádár the longest ruler of the People's Republic of Hungary. During Kádár's rule, Hungary was stabilized and liberalized to an extent never before seen in any Eastern Bloc country until Mikhail Gorbachev became General Secretary. Due to his age and declining health, he decided to retire as Secretary-General of the party in 1988, and a younger generation consisting mostly of reformers took over.
Kádár was born in Fiume to a poor family, his father left his mother and him when he was very young, and he never met his father. After living in the countryside for some years, Kádár and his mother moved to Budapest. After quitting school, Kádár joined the Communist Party of Hungary's youth organisation, KIMSZ. Kádár would go on to become a notable figure of the pre-World War II communist party, even becoming First Secretary. As leader he dissolved the party, and reorganised it as the Peace Party. This new party failed to win any popular support for the communist cause, and he would later be accused, of dissolving the Hungarian communist party. With the German invasion of Hungary, the Peace Party tried again to win support from the Hungarian populace, but failed. At the time of the Soviet occupation, the communists led by Kádár were very small in size.
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Liburni
The Liburnians (or Liburni, Greek: Λιβυρνοί) were an ancient Illyrian tribe inhabiting the district called Liburnia, a coastal region of the northeastern Adriatic between the rivers Arsia (Raša) and Titius (Krka) in what is now Croatia.
Liburnia in ancient geography was the land of the Liburnians, a region along the northeastern Adriatic coast in Europe, modern Croatia.
The first account of the Liburni comes from Periplus or Coastal passage, an ancient Greek text of the mid 4th century BC.
Fall of Liburnian domination in the Adriatic Sea and their final retreat to their ethnic region (Liburnia) were caused by military and political activities of Dionysius the Elder of Syracuse (406 – 367 BC). The imperial power base of this Syracusan tyrant stemmed from a huge naval fleet of 300 tetreras and penteras. When he finished Carthaginian authority and diminished concurrence in Sicily, Dionysius the Elder of Syracuse turned against the Etruscans. He made use of the Celtic invasion of Italy and the Celts became his allies in the Italian peninsula (386 - 385 BC). This alliance was crucial for his politics, then focused to the Adriatic Sea, where the Liburnians still dominated. In light of this strategy, he established a few Syracusan colonies on the coasts of the Adriatic Sea, Adria at the mouth of Po river and Ancona at the western Adriatic coast, Issa on the most outer island of the central Adriatic archipelago (island of Vis) and the others, while in 385-384 BC he helped colonizers from the Greek island of Paros to establish Pharos (Starigrad) colony on the Liburnian island of Hvar, thus taking control of the important points and navigable routes in the southern, central and northern Adriatic Sea.
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Lombards
The Lombards or Langobards (Latin: Langobardī), were a Germanic tribe who from 568 to 774 ruled a Kingdom in Italy.
The Lombard historian Paul the Deacon wrote in the Historia Langobardorum that the Lombards descended from a small tribe called the Winnili, dwelling in southern Scandinavia (Scadanan), who had migrated southward to seek new lands. In the 1st century AD they formed part of the Suebi, in northwestern Germany. By the end of the 5th century they had moved into the area roughly coinciding with modern Austria north of the Danube river, where they subdued the Heruls and later fought frequent wars with the Gepids. The Lombard king Audoin defeated the Gepid leader Thurisind in 551 or 552; his successor Alboin eventually destroyed the Gepids at the Battle of Asfeld in 567.
Following this victory, Alboin decided to lead his people to Italy, which had become severely depopulated after the long Gothic War (535–554) between the Byzantine Empire and the Ostrogothic Kingdom there. The Lombards were joined by numerous Saxons, Heruls, Gepids, Bulgars, Thuringians, and Ostrogoths, and their invasion of Italy was almost unopposed. By late 569 they had conquered all the principal cities north of the Po River except Pavia, which fell in 572. At the same time, they occupied areas in central Italy and southern Italy. They established a Lombard Kingdom in Italy, later named Regnum Italicum ("Kingdom of Italy"), which reached its zenith under the eighth-century ruler Liutprand. In 774, the Kingdom was conquered by the Frankish King Charlemagne, and integrated into his Empire. However, Lombard nobles continued to rule parts of the Italian peninsula well into the 11th century, when they were conquered by the Normans, and added to their Kingdom of Sicily. Their legacy is apparent in the regional appellation, Lombardy.
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Ludwig Kübler
General Ludwig Kübler (2 September 1889 – 18 August 1947) was a German General of the Mountain Troops during World War II who was executed as a war criminal in Yugoslavia.
His father was the physician Wilhelm Kübler and he had six brothers and two sisters. In 1895 he enrolled in elementary school in Forstenried which he left after three years, he then attended the Gymnasium in Rosenheim and the humanist Ludwig Gymnasium in Munich. He graduated in 1908 with top grades and turned down a place at the prestigious Maximilianeum for a career in the military and joined the 15th Royal Bavarian Infantry Regiment "King Friedrich August of Saxony" as a cadet on 20 July 1908. From 1 October 1909 until 14 October 1910 he attended the War School in Munich at which he was placed fifth out of 166 students in his year. On 23 October 1910 he was commissioned as a leutnant.
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Ostrogoths
The Ostrogoths (Latin: Ostrogothi or Austrogothi) were a branch of the Goths (the other branch being the Visigoths), a Germanic tribe who developed a vast empire north of the Black Sea in the 3rd century AD and, in the late 5th century, under Theodoric the Great, established a Kingdom in Italy.
Invading southward from the Baltic Sea, the Ostrogoths, at the time known as the Greuthungi, built up a huge empire stretching from the Dniester to the Volga river and from the Black Sea to the Baltic shores. The Ostrogoths were probably literate in the 3rd century, and their trade with the Romans was highly developed. Their Danubian kingdom reached its zenith under King Ermanaric, who is said to have committed suicide at an old age when the Huns attacked his people and subjugated them about 370.
After their subjugation by the Huns, little is heard of the Ostrogoths for about 80 years, after which they reappear in Pannonia on the middle Danube River as federates of the Romans. However, a pocket remained behind in the Crimea when the bulk of them moved to central Europe, and these Crimean Ostrogoths existed until at least the 16th century. After the collapse of the Hun empire after the Battle of Nedao (453), the Ostrogoths under Theodoric the Great first moved to Moesia (c. 475–488) and later conquered the Italian Kingdom of the German warrior Odoacer. Theodoric became King of the Ostrogothic Kingdom in 493 and died in 526. A period of instability then ensued, tempting the Eastern Roman Emperor Justinian to declare war on the Ostrogoths in 535 in an effort to restore the former western provinces of the Roman Empire. Initially, the Byzantines were successful, but under the leadership of Totila, the Goths reconquered most of the lost territory until Totila's death at the Battle of Taginae. The war lasted for almost 20 years and caused enormous damage and depopulation of Italy. The remaining Ostrogoths were absorbed into the Lombards who established a Kingdom in Italy in 567 AD.
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Robert Whitehead
Robert Whitehead (3 January 1823 – 14 November 1905) was an English engineer. He developed the first effective self-propelled naval torpedo. His company, located in the Austrian naval centre in Rijeka (Fiume), was the world leader in torpedo development and production up to the First World War.
He was born the son of a cotton-bleacher, in Bolton, England. He trained as an engineer and draughtsman, and attended the Mechanics Institute in Manchester.
His first professional employment was at a shipyard in Toulon, France, and then as a consultant engineer in Milan, Italy. He then moved to Trieste, on the Adriatic coast of Austria.
Whitehead's work in Trieste was noticed by the owners of Fonderia Metalli, a metal foundry in the nearby city of Fiume (today Rijeka, Croatia). In 1856 Whitehead became manager of the company, and changed its name to Stabilimento Tecnico di Fiume (STF). STF produced marine steam boilers and engines, which were the most modern products of that era. The Austrian Navy was a customer.
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Romani people
The Romani are an ethnic group living mostly in Europe, who trace their origins to the Indian Subcontinent. Romani are widely known in the English-speaking world by the exonym Gypsies (or Gipsies).
They are known collectively in the Romani language as Romane or Rromane (depending on the dialect concerned) and also as Romany, Romanies, Romanis, Roma or Roms.
Romani are widely dispersed, with their largest concentrated populations in Europe, especially the Roma of Central and Eastern Europe and Anatolia, followed by the Kale of Iberia and Southern France.
The Americas are also home to large numbers of Romani. There are an estimated one million Roma in the United States; 800,000 in Brazil, to which Kale were deported by the government of Portugal during the colonial era; and in more recent migrations, Romani have also moved to other parts of the New World.
The Romani language is divided into several dialects, which add up to an estimated number of speakers larger than two million. The total number of Romani people is at least twice as large (several times as large according to high estimates). Many Romani are native speakers of the language current in their country of residence, or of mixed languages combining the two.
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Serbs
The Serbs (Serbian: Срби, Srbi, pronounced [sr̩̂bi]) are a nation and South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs live mainly in Serbia and the disputed territory of Kosovo, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form significant minorities in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in Romania, Hungary, Albania, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. There is also a large Serbian diaspora in Western Europe, particularly in Germany, Sweden, Switzerland, Austria, France, Italy and the United Kingdom. More than a million people of Serbian origin live in German-speaking countries, including Luxembourg (1%), Austria (1.8%), Switzerland (1%), and Germany (~1%). Outside Europe, there are significant Serbian communities in the United States (198,000 Serbian plus additional 326,000 "Yugoslav" nationals),Canada (72,690 in 2006) and Australia (95,000 in 2006).
The Serbs are a Slavic people, specifically of the South Slavic subgroup, which has its origins in the 6th and 7th century communities developed in Southeastern Europe (see Great Migration). Slav raids on Eastern Roman territory are mentioned in 518, and by the 580s they had conquered large areas referred to as Sclavinia (transl. Slavdom, from Sklavenoi – Σκλαυηνοι, the early South Slavic tribe which is eponymous to the current ethnic and linguistic Indo-European people). In 649, Constantine III relocates conquered Slavs "from the Vardar" to Gordoservon (Serb habitat). Among communities part in the Serb ethnogenesis are the Romanized Paleo-Balkan tribes of Illyrians, Thracians and Dacians, Celts, Greek colonies and Romans.
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Slovenians
The Slovenes, Slovene people, Slovenians, or Slovenian people (Slovene Slovenci, dual Slovenca, singular Slovenec, feminine Slovenke, dual Slovenki, singular Slovenka), living primarily in Slovenia in South-Central Europe, are the northernmost South Slavic people. The language the Slovenes speak is Slovene, a South Slavic language with significant similarities to the West Slavic languages. Recognised Slovene minorities are present in Italy, Austria, Hungary, and Croatia, and there are significant Slovene expatriate communities in the United States and Canada, the European countries, Argentina, and Australia.
Most Slovenes today live within the borders of the independent Slovenia (2,007,711 est. 2008). There are autochthonous Slovene minorities in northeastern parts of Italy (estimated at 83,000 – 100,000), southern Austria (24,855), Croatia (13,200) and Hungary (3,180). Slovenes are recognized as national minorities in all four countries with which Slovenia shares a land border (Austria, Croatia, Hungary and Italy).
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St. Vitus
Saint Vitus /sɨnt ˈvaɪtəs/ was a Christian saint from Sicily. He died as a martyr during the persecution of Christians by co-ruling Roman Emperors Diocletian and Maximian in 303. Vitus is counted as one of the Fourteen Holy Helpers of the Roman Catholic Church.
Saint Vitus' Day is celebrated on 15 June. In places where the Julian Calendar is used, this date coincides, in the 20th and 21st centuries, with 28 June on the Gregorian Calendar.
In the late Middle Ages, people in Germany and countries such as Latvia celebrated the feast of Vitus by dancing before his statue. This dancing became popular and the name "Saint Vitus Dance" was given to the neurological disorder Sydenham's chorea. It also led to Vitus being considered the patron saint of dancers and of entertainers in general.
Vitus is considered the patron saint of actors, comedians, dancers, and epileptics. He is also said to protect against lightning strikes, animal attacks and oversleeping, and is the patron saint of Bohemia. Vitus is the patron saint of the city of Rijeka in Croatia, the towns of Ciminna in Sicily, Forio on the Island of Ischia, in Campania, Italy, the contrada of San Vito, in Torella dei Lombardi, in Avellino, Italy, the town of Winschoten in the Netherlands, and the town of St. Vith located in Belgium.
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Rijeka - Croatia
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:42
- Updated: 09 Dec 2012
Rijeka - Croatia The city to remember Rijeka is the seat of the Primorsko-goranska County, a region which consists of an unusual link between the sea and mountains extending to the Mount Učka across to the Goran mountains as far as the Velebit. To the west of Rijeka, lies the Opatija Riviera, the oldest and most popular Croatian tourist region. To the east is the Crikvenica-Vinodol Riviera. Rijeka can thank Gorski kotar - the most preserved part of the region - for its high quality drinking water and its clear air. Rijeka in brief: Population: 144.043 (year 2001) Surface: 44 km2 Average yearly temperature: 13,8 degrees C Average humidity during the year: 58 % Total yearly rainfall: 1228 mm Total of 86 rainy days in a year
http://wn.com/Rijeka_Croatia
Rijeka - Croatia The city to remember Rijeka is the seat of the Primorsko-goranska County, a region which consists of an unusual link between the sea and mountains extending to the Mount Učka across to the Goran mountains as far as the Velebit. To the west of Rijeka, lies the Opatija Riviera, the oldest and most popular Croatian tourist region. To the east is the Crikvenica-Vinodol Riviera. Rijeka can thank Gorski kotar - the most preserved part of the region - for its high quality drinking water and its clear air. Rijeka in brief: Population: 144.043 (year 2001) Surface: 44 km2 Average yearly temperature: 13,8 degrees C Average humidity during the year: 58 % Total yearly rainfall: 1228 mm Total of 86 rainy days in a year
Car Crash, Traffic Accident @ Rijeka
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:12
- Updated: 13 Dec 2012
Rijeka music: 0:14 Bob Marley vs Funkstar Deluxe - Sun Is Shining www.youtube.com 2:50 ADELANTE - SASH www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Car_Crash,_Traffic_Accident_@_Rijeka
Rijeka music: 0:14 Bob Marley vs Funkstar Deluxe - Sun Is Shining www.youtube.com 2:50 ADELANTE - SASH www.youtube.com
- published: 23 Nov 2006
- views: 6517353
- author: fjakone
Armada Rijeka
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:27
- Updated: 29 Nov 2012
This is Video of Rijeka supporters ARMADA in Croatia !
http://wn.com/Armada_Rijeka
This is Video of Rijeka supporters ARMADA in Croatia !
- published: 03 Dec 2006
- views: 50988
- author: Asigron
Fiume - Rijeka - 1905-1945
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:03
- Updated: 06 Dec 2012
This video is a slide show of the city of Fiume Italy from 1905-1945. Today the city is named Rijeka situated in the northern coast of the Adriatic Sea in Croatia. The video is accompanied by 3 Italian melodies of that time. Chiesetta Alpina by Lidia Percan; Tornerai by Luciano Virgili and Piemontesina by Lidia Percan. These picture were sent to me in 1997 and decided to use this medium to make them public. On one of the slides it is written ``fox music`` it should be ``folk music`` A picture is worth 1000 words, so they say, but some or all of those words differ for each of you. Please refrain from commenting on political issues, it is just a video and some wonderful melodies. That is all!
http://wn.com/Fiume_Rijeka_1905-1945
This video is a slide show of the city of Fiume Italy from 1905-1945. Today the city is named Rijeka situated in the northern coast of the Adriatic Sea in Croatia. The video is accompanied by 3 Italian melodies of that time. Chiesetta Alpina by Lidia Percan; Tornerai by Luciano Virgili and Piemontesina by Lidia Percan. These picture were sent to me in 1997 and decided to use this medium to make them public. On one of the slides it is written ``fox music`` it should be ``folk music`` A picture is worth 1000 words, so they say, but some or all of those words differ for each of you. Please refrain from commenting on political issues, it is just a video and some wonderful melodies. That is all!
- published: 13 Feb 2009
- views: 34772
- author: erdeepspace
NK Dinamo Zagreb vs Rijeka
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:01
- Updated: 14 Nov 2011
bnm
http://wn.com/NK_Dinamo_Zagreb_vs_Rijeka
MTB Street view - Rijeka, Croatia - episode 2 (Trsat descent)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:32
- Updated: 14 Nov 2012
Trsat is a hill and a part of Rijeka, towering the city centre and best known by an old little castle. As always, going up isn't much fun, but in this video you can enjoy my ride down, all the way to the city centre and the pedestrian area. Recorded in septembre 2011. Music used: Denis & Denis - Kolacici Azra - A sta da radim Boris Novkovic - Emily FIT - Telefon
http://wn.com/MTB_Street_view_Rijeka,_Croatia_episode_2_Trsat_descent
Trsat is a hill and a part of Rijeka, towering the city centre and best known by an old little castle. As always, going up isn't much fun, but in this video you can enjoy my ride down, all the way to the city centre and the pedestrian area. Recorded in septembre 2011. Music used: Denis & Denis - Kolacici Azra - A sta da radim Boris Novkovic - Emily FIT - Telefon
- published: 03 Jan 2012
- views: 980
- author: srdjanIcanic
ARMADA Rijeka .. Support Their Team in Split
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:53
- Updated: 27 Nov 2012
Official TifoTV Video Season 2011/12 - 3rd lab on 07.08.2011 Hajduk Split vs. Rijeka 2 : 1
http://wn.com/ARMADA_Rijeka_Support_Their_Team_in_Split
Official TifoTV Video Season 2011/12 - 3rd lab on 07.08.2011 Hajduk Split vs. Rijeka 2 : 1
- published: 21 Oct 2011
- views: 11694
- author: TifoTV
MotoGP,Yugoslavian 500cc GP,Rijeka 1982
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:14
- Updated: 14 Dec 2012
http://wn.com/MotoGP,Yugoslavian_500cc_GP,Rijeka_1982
Rijeka - Partizan 4-8-1999 - Navijanje Armade
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:17
- Updated: 07 Dec 2012
HNK Rijeka fans "Armada" Singing for 45min this song.. Fantastic atmosphere! ARMADA Since 1987
http://wn.com/Rijeka_Partizan_4-8-1999_Navijanje_Armade
HNK Rijeka fans "Armada" Singing for 45min this song.. Fantastic atmosphere! ARMADA Since 1987
- published: 01 Jan 2007
- views: 74256
- author: Opatija1987
Rijeka - Croatia photos
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:45
- Updated: 01 Oct 2012
City of Rijeka - Croatia photos Music: METROBOLIK (Band from city of Rijeka) Song: OSTANI
http://wn.com/Rijeka_Croatia_photos
City of Rijeka - Croatia photos Music: METROBOLIK (Band from city of Rijeka) Song: OSTANI
- published: 03 Dec 2007
- views: 11361
- author: crontario
Audrom Grobnik (Rijeka HR) 25.-27.3.2011 by RACETRACK
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:00
- Updated: 08 Dec 2012
rijeka, hrvatska, grobnik, autodrom, suzuki, honda, yamaha, kawasaki, ducati, race, racing, moto, motorrad, rennen, brunn, suzukibandit.cz racetrack.cz
http://wn.com/Audrom_Grobnik_Rijeka_HR_25-2732011_by_RACETRACK
rijeka, hrvatska, grobnik, autodrom, suzuki, honda, yamaha, kawasaki, ducati, race, racing, moto, motorrad, rennen, brunn, suzukibandit.cz racetrack.cz
- published: 31 Mar 2011
- views: 5731
- author: danvagenknecht
THIS IS RIJEKA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:52
- Updated: 09 Dec 2012
RIJEKA - PARTIZAN 0 3 KANTRIDA 4 8 1999 odjavna špica s hrt 3...gromoglasno navijanje cijelog stadiona kantrida nakon posljednjeg sučevog zvižduka...armada rijeka
http://wn.com/THIS_IS_RIJEKA
RIJEKA - PARTIZAN 0 3 KANTRIDA 4 8 1999 odjavna špica s hrt 3...gromoglasno navijanje cijelog stadiona kantrida nakon posljednjeg sučevog zvižduka...armada rijeka
- published: 21 Apr 2010
- views: 31004
- author: armadarijecanihalubj
Carnival Rijeka
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:36
- Updated: 10 Nov 2012
Carnival 2011 in Rijeka, Croatia. One of the world biggest, with approx. 10.000 participants and 100.000 people enjoying it. Shot with Canon 7D
http://wn.com/Carnival_Rijeka
Carnival 2011 in Rijeka, Croatia. One of the world biggest, with approx. 10.000 participants and 100.000 people enjoying it. Shot with Canon 7D
- published: 30 Mar 2011
- views: 757
- author: videospiro
FAST LAP onboard camera Rijeka Grobnik yamaha r6 tommasini luca #666
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:23
- Updated: 04 Dec 2012
fast lap 1.34.00 onboard rijeka su yamaha r6 06.. crediamo nelle emozioni forti!!! video realizzato in collaborazione con ggsxr.net
http://wn.com/FAST_LAP_onboard_camera_Rijeka_Grobnik_yamaha_r6_tommasini_luca_666
fast lap 1.34.00 onboard rijeka su yamaha r6 06.. crediamo nelle emozioni forti!!! video realizzato in collaborazione con ggsxr.net
- published: 14 Dec 2008
- views: 163849
- author: Luca Tommasini
Oswald Othmar Rijeka Battle Yamaha R6 vs. Ducati 1098
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:00
- Updated: 23 Oct 2012
http://wn.com/Oswald_Othmar_Rijeka_Battle_Yamaha_R6_vs_Ducati_1098
Adastra "Nabujala rijeka" full version
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:36
- Updated: 14 Dec 2012
Cijeli spot
http://wn.com/Adastra_Nabujala_rijeka_full_version
CROATIA - RIJEKA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:10
- Updated: 22 Nov 2012
Rijeka is the principal seaport of Croatia, located on Kvarner Bay, an inlet of the Adriatic Sea. It is Croatia's third largest city. Created a free port in 1723, Fiume was passed during the 18th and 19th centuries among the Habsburgs' Austrian, Croatian, and Hungarian possessions until its attachment to the latter kingdom for the third and last time in 1870. Although Croatia had a constitutional autonomy within Hungary, the City of Fiume was independent, governed directly from Budapest by an appointed governor, as Hungary's only international port.
http://wn.com/CROATIA_RIJEKA
Rijeka is the principal seaport of Croatia, located on Kvarner Bay, an inlet of the Adriatic Sea. It is Croatia's third largest city. Created a free port in 1723, Fiume was passed during the 18th and 19th centuries among the Habsburgs' Austrian, Croatian, and Hungarian possessions until its attachment to the latter kingdom for the third and last time in 1870. Although Croatia had a constitutional autonomy within Hungary, the City of Fiume was independent, governed directly from Budapest by an appointed governor, as Hungary's only international port.
- published: 18 Mar 2007
- views: 25748
- author: Peterkein
budjav lebac Rijeka
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:21
- Updated: 01 Dec 2012
Majstor u Rijeci na korzu prangija ni manje ni vise nego BUDJAV LEBAC :)
http://wn.com/budjav_lebac_Rijeka
Majstor u Rijeci na korzu prangija ni manje ni vise nego BUDJAV LEBAC :)
- published: 30 Mar 2009
- views: 85344
- author: marac1980
Rijeka - Hajduk 0:1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:35
- Updated: 26 Nov 2012
http://wn.com/Rijeka_Hajduk_01
Enzo onboard Rijeka
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:38
- Updated: 27 Nov 2012
Espectacular video on board de un Ferrari Enzo
http://wn.com/Enzo_onboard_Rijeka
Espectacular video on board de un Ferrari Enzo
- published: 13 Nov 2006
- views: 13210
- author: Dorian Audi
Caterham R500 Rijeka drifting.wmv
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:35
- Updated: 18 Nov 2012
www.caterhamcars.it
http://wn.com/Caterham_R500_Rijeka_driftingwmv
Kup UEFA 24.10.84 - Rijeka - Real Madrid 3:1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 93:49
- Updated: 09 Dec 2012
24.10.84 RIJEKA - REAL MADRID 3:1 (2:0) Stadion Kantrida. Gledatelja: 26000. Strijelci: Fegic(30), Matrljan(41), Fegic(58), Isidoro(82). Sudac Hacket (Engleska). Zuti kartoni: Malbasa (Rijeka), Sanchis (Real). RIJEKA: Ravnic, Malbaša (Milenkovic), Hrstic, Juricic, Ticic, Sredojevic, Stevanovic, Gracan (Radmanovic), Matrljan, Fegic, Desnica. REAL MADRID: Miguel Angel, Chendo, Camacho, Stielike, Fraile, San Jose, Sanchis, Gallego (Martin Vasquez), Pineda (Isidoro), Lozano, Butrageno. Na Kantridu je u listopadu 1984. došao najslavniji medu slavnima, madridski "Real" - i potucen je do nogu. Lijepo je tih dana bilo biti Rijecanin. Tu srijedu presretni rijecki navijaci nikada nece zaboraviti. Nikada punije, poletnije i raspjevanije gledalište Kantride, stopilo se s igracima u jednu dušu, jedno veliko hrabro srce, koje je zajednicki izvojevalo velicanstvenu pobjedu nad velikim "Realom". Ono sto su momci trenera Josipa Skoblara pokazali na terenu, bila je velika nogometna prica. Nije to bila pobjeda u grcu, nije to bilo skrivanje ambicija, nije to bilo uzmicanje pred renomeom slavnih imena, izbjegavanje nadigravanja, nije to bio uspjeh kao plod slucajnosti, neke zalutale lopte, uspješnog protunapada. Ironije li, nije "Rijeka" cak nadmasila vlastite moci. Ne, "Rijeka" je prikazala svoju uobicajenu kombinatornu i napadacku igru, a toj igri "Real" nije našao lijeka. Kao sto je lijepo rekao iskusni njemacki internacionalac Uli Stielike: "Dugo nas nitko nije tako nadigrao. Nismo ...
http://wn.com/Kup_UEFA_241084_Rijeka_Real_Madrid_31
24.10.84 RIJEKA - REAL MADRID 3:1 (2:0) Stadion Kantrida. Gledatelja: 26000. Strijelci: Fegic(30), Matrljan(41), Fegic(58), Isidoro(82). Sudac Hacket (Engleska). Zuti kartoni: Malbasa (Rijeka), Sanchis (Real). RIJEKA: Ravnic, Malbaša (Milenkovic), Hrstic, Juricic, Ticic, Sredojevic, Stevanovic, Gracan (Radmanovic), Matrljan, Fegic, Desnica. REAL MADRID: Miguel Angel, Chendo, Camacho, Stielike, Fraile, San Jose, Sanchis, Gallego (Martin Vasquez), Pineda (Isidoro), Lozano, Butrageno. Na Kantridu je u listopadu 1984. došao najslavniji medu slavnima, madridski "Real" - i potucen je do nogu. Lijepo je tih dana bilo biti Rijecanin. Tu srijedu presretni rijecki navijaci nikada nece zaboraviti. Nikada punije, poletnije i raspjevanije gledalište Kantride, stopilo se s igracima u jednu dušu, jedno veliko hrabro srce, koje je zajednicki izvojevalo velicanstvenu pobjedu nad velikim "Realom". Ono sto su momci trenera Josipa Skoblara pokazali na terenu, bila je velika nogometna prica. Nije to bila pobjeda u grcu, nije to bilo skrivanje ambicija, nije to bilo uzmicanje pred renomeom slavnih imena, izbjegavanje nadigravanja, nije to bio uspjeh kao plod slucajnosti, neke zalutale lopte, uspješnog protunapada. Ironije li, nije "Rijeka" cak nadmasila vlastite moci. Ne, "Rijeka" je prikazala svoju uobicajenu kombinatornu i napadacku igru, a toj igri "Real" nije našao lijeka. Kao sto je lijepo rekao iskusni njemacki internacionalac Uli Stielike: "Dugo nas nitko nije tako nadigrao. Nismo ...
- published: 07 Sep 2011
- views: 25441
- author: nije0bitno
photo: AP / Nick Ut
14 Dec 2012
Former President Bill Clinton, President Barack Obama, First Lady Michelle Obama, and Yahoo CEO Marissa Mayer, meet 55-year-old Martha Sellers. For the past nine years, Sellers has worked as a Walmart cashier in Paramount, California ... More than 10,000 community members joined more than 30 striking employees who walked off the job to demand better working conditions. . "It was wonderful ... That's not too much to ask for." ... 1698 ... ....(size: 23.6Kb)
photo: AP / Jessica Hill
14 Dec 2012
More than two dozen people, mostly elementary school children, were shot and killed at a Newtown, Conn., elementary school this morning, federal and state sources tell ABC News. The massacre involved two gunmen at a Connecticut school this morning, prompting the town of Newtown to lock down all of its schools and draw SWAT teams to the school, authorities said today. State Police confirm that one shooter is dead ... at ABCNews.com ... ....(size: 4.5Kb)
photo: AP / Manu Brabo
13 Dec 2012
MOSCOW, December 13 (RIA Novosti) – Syrian rebels behind the kidnapping of Ukrainian journalist Ankhar Kochneva have released a video threatening more attacks on Russians and Ukrainians, as a deadline for her execution approaches on Thursday. Kochneva, a 40-year-old Ukrainian citizen, was abducted in October by Syrian rebels as she traveled to the city of Homs, and has been held there by them since, they claim ... ....(size: 2.1Kb)
photo: AP / KCNA
14 Dec 2012
North Koreans have gathered in Pyongyang for a mass rally to celebrate Wednesday's long-range rocket launch. State television showed huge crowds cheering to mark the launch, which has been condemned by many nations as a banned test of missile technology. South Korea, meanwhile, says it has retrieved debris from the rocket and will study it to assess its technology. The first stage of the rocket fell west of the Korean peninsula ... ....(size: 2.7Kb)
photo: AP / Manu Brabo
14 Dec 2012
One of Syria's key allies has admitted for the first time the Assad regime is losing the 20-month ground war. Russia’s deputy foreign minister’s comments are significant because Russia has blocked action to stem the violence, supplied weapons to the Assad regime, and vetoed three UN resolutions -- even as other countries called for Assad to step down. The comments are expected to put new pressure on the Syrian leader ... Reporter ... ... ....(size: 6.6Kb)
noodls
13 Dec 2012
(Source. Croatian National Bank). ALTERNATIVE UPRAVLJANJE TO ACQUIRE MAJORITY STAKE IN VABA BANKA ... Ante Blaževiæ was reappointed as Chairman of the Management Board of Banka splitsko-dalmatinska d.d., Split, while Petar Radakoviæ was reappointed as Chairman of the Management Board of Erste & Steiermärkische Bank d.d., Rijeka ... banka Varaždin by the company Alternative upravljanje. distributed by ... (noodl....(size: 2.2Kb)
noodls
13 Dec 2012
(Source. CEV - European Volleyball Confederation). 13/12/2012 15.58. Aurubis HAMBURG continues its European adventure ... By downing ZOK RIJEKA of Croatia for the second time in one week, and this time in straight sets (25-21, 25-22, and 25-17), Aurubis HAMBURG eventually made it to the 1/8 finals of the 2013 CEV Volleyball Challenge Cup - Women ... ... (noodl....(size: 2.2Kb)
noodls
12 Dec 2012
(Source. CEV - European Volleyball Confederation). 2013 CEV Volleyball Challenge Cup - Women. Piacenza, Italy, December 11, 2012. Rebecchi Nordmeccanica PIACENZA easily claimed the return match scheduled for the 1/16 finals of the 2013 CEV Volleyball Challenge Cup by downing Apollon LIMASSOL of Cyprus in straight sets (25-8, 25-13, and 25-4) to follow up on last week's away win ... News nr. 1 of 7425. 11/12/2012 23.00.00 ... From ... ZOK RIJEKA....(size: 54.3Kb)
noodls
10 Dec 2012
After claiming the first match (3.2) played last week in Croatia, Aurubis HAMBURG has laid down the right foundations for making it through the 1/16 finals of the 2013 CEV Volleyball Challenge Cup but will first have to edge once more ZOK RIJEKA in the return match that is coming up this Wednesday at "CU Arena"....(size: 2.2Kb)
Buffalo News
09 Dec 2012
The Buffalo Philharmonic Orchestra’s exploration of the music of Marcel Tyberg is going global. A contingent of Buffalonians returned recently from Croatia, where BPO Music Director JoAnn Falletta conducted a local orchestra in the European premiere of Tyberg’s Symphony No. 2. Tyberg, who died in the Auschwitz concentration camp at the hands of the Nazis, had lived and composed in Rijeka, Croatia ... And so Buffalo met Rijeka....(size: 3.3Kb)
noodls
06 Dec 2012
Aurubis HAMBURG storms back from two sets down to edge ZOK RIJEKA ... Rijeka, Croatia, December 6, 2012. On Wednesday Germany's Aurubis HAMBURG needed 124 minutes and had to come back from two sets down to finally edge Croatia's ZOK RIJEKA in the first match scheduled for the 1/16 finals of the 2013 CEV Volleyball Challenge Cup - Women ... ZOK RIJEKA started out pretty well and dictated the pace of the game for most of the opening set....(size: 2.6Kb)
noodls
05 Dec 2012
Photos Aviano High School team members shake hands with their opponents from Rijeka, Croatia after a game Dec ... The team from Rijeka, Croatia visited Aviano from Nov ... The team from Rijeka, Croatia visited Aviano from Nov ... The team from Rijeka, Croatia visited Aviano from Nov ... The team from Rijeka, Croatia visited Aviano for the first time, bonding with the AHS team on and off the court....(size: 10.1Kb)
noodls
05 Dec 2012
News from the clubs. Dabrowa Gornicza, Poland, December 5, 2012. After their straight win on Tuesday as they hosted Germany's DRESDNER SC, the players of Tauron MKS DABROWA GORNICZA still have got the chance to make it to the Playoffs 12 of the 2013 CEV Volleyball Champions League - Women ... This helped us turn the charts around" says local star Natalia Nuszel ... Natalia Nuszel did also her job in offense ... To ... 18.00 GMT+0 ZOK RIJEKA....(size: 57.4Kb)
noodls
23 Nov 2012
23/11/2012 17.39. Aurubis HAMBURG continues European debut with away win. 2013 CEV Volleyball Challenge Cup - Women. Hamburg, Germany, November 23, 2012 ... . In the next round Aurubis will play Croatia's ZOK RIJEKA with the first match set to take place in Croatia and the return coming up on December 12 at "CU Arena" in Hamburg ... (noodl....(size: 2.1Kb)
The Times of India
16 Nov 2012
noodls
12 Nov 2012
This Thursday, November 14, a number of the Pitmen will play for their national teams in friendly fixtures. The Pitmen's midfielder Henrikh Mkhitaryan went to Armenia. He has all the chances to take to the pitch for Vardan Minasyan's team in their game against Lithuania ... November 14, 17.00. Yerevan, Armenia, Respublikanskiy stadium ... Called up ... Croatia, Rijeka, Kantrida stadium....(size: 2.5Kb)
noodls
31 Oct 2012
Stunning Zadar comeback knocks Dinamo out of national Cup. Published. 30.10.2012. Croatian Cup, 1/8 final, Maksimir, 30.10.2012. GNK Dinamo - NK Zadar 2.3 (2.2) (2.0). Referees. Ivo Krečak (Šibenik), Dražen Fejer (Bjelovar), Robi Kezele (Rijeka), Marko Matoc (Zaprešić). Spectators. 870. Dinamo. Kelava - Vrsaljko, Vida, Puljić, Ibanez - Calello, Alispahić - Carrasco (56. Krstanović), Sammir, Čop (78. Ademi) - Beqiraj (71. Tomečak) ... Red card....(size: 5.4Kb)
noodls
24 Oct 2012
24/10/2012 07.39. Budvanska Rivijera plays Lokomotiv second lines for season's premiere. 2013 CEV Volleyball Champions League - Men. Budva, Montenegro, October 24, 2012. Lokomotiv NOVOSIBIRSK traveled to Budva a few days before their first match in the prelims of the 2013 CEV Volleyball Champions League probably wanting to enjoy the seaside and the splendid surroundings ... "We want to play well and delight our home fans ... vs ... ZOK RIJEKA....(size: 30.1Kb)
"Fiume" redirects here. For other uses, see Fiume (disambiguation).
This article is about the city in Croatia. For other uses, see Rijeka (disambiguation).
| City of Rijeka Grad Rijeka |
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|---|---|---|---|
| — City — | |||
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 City of Rijeka
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| Coordinates: 45°19′N 14°25′E / 45.317°N 14.417°E / 45.317; 14.417Coordinates: 45°19′N 14°25′E / 45.317°N 14.417°E / 45.317; 14.417 | |||
| Country | Croatia | ||
| County | Primorje-Gorski Kotar County | ||
| Government | |||
| • Mayor | Vojko Obersnel (SDP) | ||
| Area | |||
| • City | 44 km2 (17 sq mi) | ||
| • Metro | 788 km2 (304 sq mi) | ||
| Elevation | 0–499 m (0 – 1,561 ft) | ||
| Population (2011)[1] | |||
| • City | 128,735 | ||
| • Density | 2,926/km2 (7,578/sq mi) | ||
| • Metro | 213,842 | ||
| • Metro density | 259/km2 (671/sq mi) | ||
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | ||
| Postal code | 51000 | ||
| Area code(s) | 051 | ||
| Patron saints | St. Vitus | ||
| Website | rijeka.hr | ||
Rijeka (Croatian: Rijeka, Croatian pronunciation: [rijɛ̌ːka]; Italian: Fiume) is the principal seaport and the third largest city in Croatia (after Zagreb and Split). It is located on Kvarner Bay, an inlet of the Adriatic Sea and has a population of 128,735 inhabitants (2011).[1] The conurbation, which includes adjacent towns and municipalities of Opatija, Lovran, Mošćenička Draga, Matulji, Kastav, Viškovo, Klana, Kostrena, Čavle, Jelenje, Bakar, and Kraljevica has a population of 213,842 (2011).[2]
Historically, because of its strategic position and its excellent deep-water Port of Rijeka, the city was fiercely contested, especially between Italy, Hungary, and Croatia, changing hands and demographics many times over centuries. According to the 2001 census data, the overwhelming majority of its citizens (80.39%) are Croats, with Serbs coming in second (6.21%). The Croatian, Slovene and Italian version of the city's name mean river in each of the languages.[3]
Rijeka is the center of Primorje-Gorski Kotar County in Croatia. The city's economy largely depends on shipbuilding (shipyards "3. Maj" and "Viktor Lenac") and maritime transport. Rijeka hosts the Croatian National Theatre "Ivan pl. Zajc", first built in 1765, as well as the University of Rijeka, founded in 1973 but with roots dating back to 1632.
Contents |
Name[link]
In other Croatian dialects, the city is known as Reka or Rika, in Slovenian as Reka, in German as Sankt Veit am Flaum or Pflaum, in Hungarian and Italian as Fiume, and in Latin as Tarsatica, Vitopolis, or Flumen.
History[link]
Main article: History of Rijeka
Ancient and medieval times[link]
Though traces of Neolithic settlements can be found in the region, the earliest modern settlements on the site were Celtic Tarsatica (modern Trsat, now part of Rijeka) on the hill, and the tribe of mariners, the Liburni, in the natural harbour below. The city long retained its double character.
In the time of Augustus, the Romans rebuilt Tarsatica as a municipium (MacMullen 2000) on the right bank of the small river Rječina (whose name means "the big river") as Flumen. Pliny mentioned Tarsatica (Natural History iii.140).
From the 5th century onwards, the town was ruled successively by the Ostrogoths, the Byzantines, the Lombards, the Avars, the Franks, the Croats, the Hungarians and the Venetians before coming under the control of the Archduchy of Austria ruled by Austrian Habsburgs in 1466, where it remained for over 450 years except French rule between 1805 and 1813, until its occupation by Italian and Croat irregulars at the end of World War.[4]
After the 4th century the city was rededicated to St. Vitus, the city's patron saint, as Terra Fluminis sancti Sancti Viti or in German Sankt Veit am Pflaum. In medieval times Rijeka got its Croatian name, Rika svetoga Vida (" the river of St. Vitus").
Medieval Rijeka was a city surrounded by a wall and was thus a feudal stronghold. The fort was in the center of the city, at its highest point.
Under Habsburg sovereignty[link]
After coming under Austrian Rule in 1466, Sankt Veit am Pflaum grew as part of the Holy Roman Empire and was eventually turned into a free port in 1723. During the 18th and 19th centuries was passed among the Habsburgs' Austrian, Croatian, and Hungarian possessions until being attached to Hungary for the third and last time in 1870. The City of Rijeka was governed (as a corpus separatum) directly from Budapest by an appointed governor, as Hungary's only international port. There was competition between Austria's Port of Trieste and Hungary's Port of Fiume. In the early 19th century, the prominent economical and cultural leader of the city was Andrija Ljudevit Adamić.
Fiume also had a significant naval base, and in the mid-19th century it became the site of the Austro-Hungarian Naval Academy (K.u.K. Marine-Akademie), where the Austro-Hungarian Navy trained its officers.
Giovanni de Ciotta (mayor from 1872 to 1896) proved to be the most authoritative local political leader. Under his leadership, an impressive phase of expansion of the city started, marked by major port development, fueled by the general expansion of international trade and the city's connection (1873) to the Hungarian and Austrian railway networks. Modern industrial and commercial enterprises such as the Royal Hungarian Sea Navigation Company "Adria", and the Papermill, situated in the Rječina canyon, producing worldwide known cigarette paper, became trademarks of the city.
The second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century (up to WWI) was a period of rapid economic growth and technological dynamism for Rijeka. The industrial development of the city included the first industrial scale oil refinery in Europe in 1882[5] and the first torpedo factory in the world in 1866, after Robert Whitehead, manager of the "Stabilimento Tecnico Fiumano" (an Austrian engineering company engaged in providing engines for the Austro-Hungarian Navy), designed and successfully tested the world's first torpedo.
Rijeka also became a pioneering center for high-speed photography. The Austrian physicist dr. Peter Salcher working in Rijeka's Austro-Hungarian Marine Academy took the first photograph of a bullet flying at supersonic speed in 1886, devising a technique that was later used by Ernst Mach in his studies of supersonic motion.[6]
Rijeka's port underwent a tremendous development fueled by heavy Hungarian investment, becoming the main maritime outlet for Hungary and the eastern part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the fifth port in the Mediterranean, after Marseilles, Genova, Naples and Trieste.[7] The population grew rapidly from only 21,000 in 1880 to 50,000 in 1910. A lot of major civic buildings went up at that time, including the Governor's Palace designed by the Hungarian architect Alajos Hauszmann.
Apart from the rapid economic growth, the period encompassing the second half of the 19th and up to WWI also saw a shift in the ethnic composition of the city. Kingdom of Hungary, which administered the city in that period, favored the Italian element in the city and encouraged the Italian immigration at the detriment of Croats, with whom Hungarians at the time had a difficult relationship and who claimed the city should be part of Croatia-Slavonia (while Hungarians considered the city to be a corpus separatum). At the turn of the century, Hungarians had 10 secondary schools and 4 elementary schools in the city, Italians had 5 secondary and 21 elementary schools, while Croats had no schools at all. In 1910, there were 24,000 Italians, but only 13,000 Croats in Rijeka[8] (in addition to the 6,500 Hungarians and several thousands of other nationalities, mostly Slovenians and Germans), giving the city a decidedly Italian character.
The future mayor of New York City, Fiorello La Guardia, lived in the city at the turn of the 20th century, working at the U. S. consulate (1901-1906), and reportedly even played football for the local sports club.
The Italo-Yugoslav dispute and the Free State[link]
Main article: Free State of Fiume
Habsburg-ruled Austria-Hungary's disintegration in the closing weeks of World War I in the fall of 1918 led to the establishment of rival Croatian and Italian administrations in the city; both Italy and the founders of the new Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later the Kingdom of Yugoslavia) claimed sovereignty based on their "irredentist" ("unredeemed") ethnic populations.
After a brief Serbian occupation, an international force of Italian, French, British and American troops occupied the city (November 1918) while its future was discussed at the Paris Peace Conference during the course of 1919.[9]
Italy based its claim on the fact that Italians were the largest single nationality within the city, 88% of total. Croats made up most of the remainder and were also a majority in the surrounding area, including the neighbouring town of Sušak.[10] Andrea Ossoinack, who had been the last delegate from Fiume to the Hungarian Parliament, was admitted to the conference as a representative of Fiume, and essentially supported the Italian claims.
On 10 September 1919, the Treaty of Saint-Germain was signed declaring the Austro-Hungarian monarchy dissolved. Negotiations over the future of the city were interrupted two days later when a force of Italian nationalist irregulars led by the poet Gabriele d'Annunzio seized control of the city by force; d'Annunzio eventually established a state, the Italian Regency of Carnaro.[11]
The resumption of Italy's premiership by the liberal Giovanni Giolitti in June 1920 signaled a hardening of official attitudes to d'Annunzio's coup. On 12 November, Italy and Yugoslavia concluded the Treaty of Rapallo, under which Rijeka was to be an independent state, the Free State of Fiume, under a regime acceptable to both.[12] D'Annunzio's response was characteristically flamboyant and of doubtful judgment: his declaration of war against Italy invited the bombardment by Italian royal forces which led to his surrender of the city at the end of the year, after five days' resistance. Italian troops took over in January 1921. The election of an autonomist-led constituent assembly for the territory did not put an end to strife: a brief Italian nationalist seizure of power was ended by the intervention of an Italian royal commissioner, and a short-lived local Fascist takeover in March 1922 ended in a third Italian military occupation. Seven months later Italy herself fell under Fascist rule.
A period of diplomatic acrimony closed with the Treaty of Rome (27 January 1924), which assigned Rijeka to Italy and Sušak to Yugoslavia, with joint port administration.[13] Formal Italian annexation (16 March 1924) inaugurated twenty years of Italian government.
Rijeka in World War II[link]
At the beginning of WWII Rijeka immediately found itself in an awkward position. The city was overwhelmingly Italian, but its immediate surroundings and the city of Sušak, just across the Rječina river (today a suburb of Rijeka proper) were inhabited almost exclusively by Croatians and part of a potentially hostile power – Yugoslavia. Once the Axis powers invaded Yugoslavia in April 1941, the Croatian areas surrounding the city were occupied by the Italian military, setting the stage for an intense and bloody insurgency which would last until the end of the war. Partisan activity included guerrilla-style attacks on isolated positions or supply columns, sabotage and killings of civilians believed to be connected to the Italian and (later) German authorities. This, in turn, was met by stiff retributions from the Italian and German military. On 14 July 1942, in reprisal for the killing of 4 Italian citizens by the Partisans, the Italian military killed 100 men from the suburban village of Podhum, resettling the remaining 800 people to concentration camps.[14]
After the surrender of Italy to the Allies in September 1943, Rijeka and the surrounding territories were annexed by Germany, becoming part of the Adriatic Littoral Zone. The partisan activity continued and intensified. On 30 April 1944, in the nearby village of Lipa, German troops killed 263 civilians as a retaliation for the killings of several soldiers during a partisan attack.[15]
Because of its industries (oil refinery, torpedo factory, shipyards) and its port facilities, the city was also a target of frequent (more than 30) Anglo-American air attacks,[16] which caused widespread destruction and many hundreds of civilian deaths. Some of the worst bombardments happened on 12 January 1944 (attack on the refinery, part of the Oil Campaign),[17] on 3–6 November 1944, when a series of attacks resulted in at least 125 deaths and between 15 and 25 February 1945 (200 dead, 300 wounded).[18]
The area of Rijeka was heavily fortified even before WWII (the remains of these fortifications can be seen today on the city outskirts). This was the fortified border between Italy and Yugoslavia which, at that time, cut across the city area and its surroundings. When the Yugoslav troops started to approach the city in April 1945, one of the fiercest and largest battles in this area of Europe ensued. The 27000 German and additional Italian troops fought tenaciously from behind these fortifications (renamed "Ingridstellung" – Ingrid Line – by the Germans). Under the command of the German general Ludwig Kübler they inflicted many thousands of casualties on the attacking Yugoslav partisans, which were forced to charge uphill against well fortified positions to the north and east of the city. Ultimately the Germans were forced to retreat. Before leaving the city, in an act of wanton destruction (WWII was almost over), the German troops destroyed the harbour area and all the infrastructure with a number of huge explosive charges. The German attempt to break out of the partisan encirclement north-west of the city was however unsuccessful. Of the approximately 27000 German and other troops retreating from the city, 11000 were killed (many were executed after surrendering), while the remaining 16000 were taken prisoner. Yugoslav troops entered Rijeka on 3 May 1945.[19][20]
Post World War II[link]
The aftermath of the war saw the city's fate again resolved by a combination of force and diplomacy. This time the city of Rijeka became Yugoslav, a situation formalized by the Paris peace treaty between Italy and the wartime Allies on 10 February 1947. Once the change in sovereignty was formalized, 58,000 of the 66,000 Italian speakers choose exile (known in Italian as esuli or the exiled ones) rather than enduring the oppression by the new Yugoslav communist authorities. The discrimination and persecution many of them experienced at the hands of the Yugoslav populace and officials in the last days of World War II and the first Years of peace still remain painful memories. Summary executions of alleged fascists, Italian public servants, military officials and even ordinary civilians (at least 650 Italians were executed immediately after the war[21]), forced most ethnic Italians to abandon Rijeka in order to avoid this type of ethnic cleansing.
In the immediate post-WWII period, the city was resettled by many immigrants from various parts of Yugoslavia changing the city demographics once again, and a period of reconstruction began. During the period of the Yugoslav communist administration in the 1950s–1980s the city grew both demographically and economically, based on its traditional manufacturing industries, its maritime economy and its port, then the largest in Yugoslavia. However, many of these industries were mostly a product of a socialist planned economy and could not be sustained once the economy transitioned to a more market oriented model in the early 1990s.
In 1991 the city once again changed hands, becoming part of Croatia, which broke off from Yugoslavia during the Croatian War of Independence. Since then, the city is somewhat stagnating both economically as well as demographically, with some of its largest industries and employers either going out of business (the Jugolinija shipping company, the Torpedo factory, the Paper mill and many other medium or small manufacturing and commercial companies) or struggling to stay economically viable (the city's landmark 3. Maj shipyards). A difficult and uncertain transition of the city economy away from manufacturing and towards services and tourism is still in progress.
Demographics[link]
In the census of 2001, there were 144,043 inhabitants:
- Croats: 115.797 (80.39%)
- Serbs: 8,946 (6.21%)
- Italians: 2.763 (1.92%)
- Bosniaks: 1,975 (1.37%)
- Slovenians: 1,575 (1.09%)
Other groups including Albanians, Roma, Montenegrins, Macedonians and Hungarians formed less than 1% each.
The following table lists the city's population, along with the population of ex-municipality (disbanded in 1995) and the metro area. The ex-municipality includes the cities/municipalities of Rijeka, Kastav, Viškovo, Klana, Kostrena, Čavle, Jelenje, Bakar, and Kraljevica. The metro area includes the ex-municipality along with the cities/municipalities of Opatija, Lovran, Mošćenička Draga, and Matulji.
| Year | City Proper | Municipality | Metro | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2011 | 128,735 | 185,217 | 213,842 | |
| 2001 | 144,043 | 191,647 | 220,538 | |
| 1991 | 162,814 | 206,229 | 236,028 |
According to the 2001 census, the population of the western part of the city stood at 108,372, while the population of the eastern part (Sušak) stood at 35,671.
Notable inhabitants of Fiume/Rijeka have included:
- Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, Psychology Professor at Claremont Graduate University, known as the architect of the notion of flow
- János Kádár, Chairman of the Central Committee of the Hungarian Communist Party, who served for more than 30 years as leader of Hungary, was born in Fiume in 1912
Climate and geography[link]
Rijeka's position overlooking the Kvarner Bay with its islands (Cres, Krk) on the south, the Učka mountain on the west, the mountains of Gorski kotar to the north and the Velebit range to the east offers an impressive natural setting.
The terrain configuration, with mountains raising steeply just a few miles inland from the shores of the Adriatic, provides for some striking climatic and landscape contrasts in a small geographic area. Beaches can be enjoyed throughout summer in a typically Mediterranean environment along the coastal areas of the city to the east (Pećine, Kostrena) and west (Kantrida, Preluk). At the same time, the ski resort of Platak, located only about 10 kilometers (6.2 mi) from the city, offers alpine skiing and abundant snow during winter months (at times until early May). The Kvarner Bay and its islands can be observed from the ski slopes.[22]
Rijeka has a Humid subtropical climate with warm summers and relatively mild and rainy winters. Snow is rare (usually 3 days per year, almost always in traces). There are 22 days a year with maximum of 30 °C (86 °F) or higher, while one day a year temperature does not exceed 0 °C (32 °F). Fog appears in about 4 days per year, mainly in winter. The climate is also characterized by frequent rainfall. Cold bura (bora) winds are common in winter time.
There are 1922.5 hours of sunshine per year. Maximum is in July with 297.6 hours, while minimum is in December with 97.8 hours of sunshine.
| Climate data for Rijeka | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 8.7 (47.7) |
9.5 (49.1) |
12.4 (54.3) |
16.1 (61.0) |
20.9 (69.6) |
24.6 (76.3) |
27.7 (81.9) |
27.6 (81.7) |
23.6 (74.5) |
18.6 (65.5) |
13.4 (56.1) |
10.0 (50.0) |
17.76 (63.96) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 2.7 (36.9) |
3.2 (37.8) |
5.5 (41.9) |
8.8 (47.8) |
12.0 (53.6) |
16.2 (61.2) |
18.6 (65.5) |
18.5 (65.3) |
15.3 (59.5) |
11.1 (52.0) |
7.1 (44.8) |
4.1 (39.4) |
10.26 (50.46) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 134.9 (5.311) |
114.3 (4.5) |
104.0 (4.094) |
110.7 (4.358) |
102.4 (4.031) |
110.8 (4.362) |
82.0 (3.228) |
100.2 (3.945) |
165.3 (6.508) |
175.7 (6.917) |
183.4 (7.22) |
154.2 (6.071) |
1,537.9 (60.547) |
| Avg. precipitation days | 11 | 9 | 10 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 12 | 12 | 128 |
| Source: World Meteorological Organisation (UN)[23] | |||||||||||||
 |
75 km (47 mi) to Trieste | 114 km (71 mi) to Ljubljana | 167 km (104 mi) to Zagreb | |
| 14 km (9 mi) to Opatija |  |
580 km (360 mi) to Belgrade | ||
 Rijeka East |
||||
 |
||||
| 106 km (66 mi) to Pula | 75 km (47 mi) to Cres | 35 km (22 mi) to Crikvenica |
Main sights[link]
- Tvornica "Torpedo" (the Torpedo factory). The first European prototypes of a self-propelled torpedo, created by Giovanni Luppis, a retired naval engineer from Rijeka. The remains of this factory still exist, including a well-preserved launch ramp used for testing self-propelled torpedoes on which in 1866 the first torpedo was tested.
- Svetište Majke Božje Trsatske – the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Trsat. Built 135 meters above the sea on the Trsat hill during the late Middle Ages, it represents the Guardian of Travelers, especially seamen, who bring offerings to her so she will guard them or help them in time of trouble or illness. It is home to the Gothic sculpture of the Madonna of Slunj and to works by the Baroque painter C. Tasce.
- Old gate or Roman arch. At first it was thought that this was a Roman Triumphal Arch built by the Roman Emperor Claudius Gothicus but later it was discovered to be just a portal to the pretorium, the army command in late antiquity.
- Rijeka Cathedral, dedicated to St. Vitus.
Transport[link]
See also: Port of Rijeka and Rijeka Airport
.JPG)
The Port of Rijeka is the largest port in Croatia, with a cargo throughput in 2010 of 10.2 million tonnes, most of which is was oil, general cargo and bulk cargo and 137,048 TEUs. In 2008 the Port of Rijeka recorded 4376 ship arrivals. The port is managed by the Port of Rijeka Authority. The first record of a port in Rijeka date back to 1281, and in 1719, the Port of Rijeka was granted a charter as a free port. Good ferry connections with the surrounding islands and cities within Croatia exist in Rijeka, but no direct foreign passenger ship connections. There are coastal lines to Split and onwards to Dubrovnik operated twice a week, which has international connections. Pula offers more direct southward connections from northwestern Croatia.
Rijeka has efficient road connections to other parts of Croatia and neighbouring countries. The A6 motorway connects Rijeka to Zagreb via the A1, while the A7 motorway, completed in 2004, links Rijeka with Ljubljana, Slovenia via Ilirska Bistrica and Italy. The A7 acts as the Rijeka bypass motorway and facilitates access to the A8 motorway of the Istrian Y network starting with the Učka Tunnel, and linking Rijeka with Istria peninsula. As of August 2011, the bypass is being extended east towards the Krk Bridge area and new feeder roads are under construction.
The city is difficult to get to by air; there is Rijeka Airport, city's own international airport, but the airport is located on the nearby island of Krk with the tolled Krk Bridge in between. Handling only 130,000 passengers in 2005, and projected to handle only 250,000 by 2008, the facility is more of a charter airport than a serious transport hub, although various scheduled airlines have begun to serve it.
Rijeka is well integrated into the Croatian railway network and critical international rail lines. A fully electrified railway connects Rijeka to Zagreb and beyond towards Koprivnica and the Hungarian border as part of the Pan-European corridor Vb. Rijeka is also connected to Trieste and Ljubljana by a separate electrified line that extends northwards from the city. Rijeka is well connected by direct train, with daily trains to Vienna, Munich, and Salzburg, and direct night trains running to Rijeka from these two cities. Construction of a new high performance railway between Rijeka and Zagreb, extending to Budapest is planned, as well as rail links connecting Rijeka to the Krk Island and between Rijeka and Pula.
Sports[link]
Rijeka was the host of the 2008 European Short Course Swimming Championships. In its more than 80 years of history, LEN had never seen so many records set as the number of them set at the Kantrida Swimming Complex. A total of 14 European Records have been set of which 10 World Records and even 7 World Best Times. This championship also presented a record in the number of participating countries. There were more than 600 top athletes, from some 50 European countries.
Swimmers from 21 nations won medals and 40 of the 51 national member Federations of LEN were present in Rijeka.
HNK Rijeka is Rijeka's main football team, currently playing in the first Croatian division. Rijeka's other important sport clubs are RK Zamet (handball), VK Primorje EB (waterpolo), KK Kvarner (basketball) and ŽOK Rijeka (women's volleyball).
International relations[link]
Twin towns – Sister cities[link]
Rijeka is twinned with:
Bitola, Republic of Macedonia
Faenza, Italy- Este, Italy
- Genoa, Italy
Rostock, Germany- Neuss, Germany
Ljubljana, Slovenia
Kawasaki, Japan
Yalta, Ukraine
Cetinje, Montenegro
Qingdao, China
Pittsburgh, United States
Gallery[link]
-
HNK Ivana pl. Zajca
-
Palace Adria
-
Rijeka Carnival, the biggest in Croatia and one of the biggest in Europe[citation needed]
-
Serbian Orthodox Church
See also[link]
- Charter of Carnaro was the constitution of the Italian Regency of Carnaro, a short-lived government in Fiume (Rijeka)
- Drenova
- Fiume (disambiguation)
- Ilario Carposio
- Karlići
- List of governors and heads of state of Fiume
References[link]
Bibliography[link]
- Cresswell, Peterjon; Atkins, Ismay; Dunn, Lily (10 July 2006). Time Out Croatia (First ed.). London, Berkeley & Toronto: Time Out Group Ltd & Ebury Publishing, Random House Ltd. 20 Vauxhall Bridge Road, London SV1V 2SA. ISBN 978-1-904978-70-1. http://books.google.com/books?id=VZweAAAACAAJ. Retrieved 10 March 2010.
Notes[link]
- ^ a b "Census of Population, Households and Dwellings 2011, First Results by Settlements - Rijeka" (in Croatian and English) (HTML). Statistical Reports (Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics) (1441). June 2011. ISSN 1332-0297. http://www.dzs.hr/Hrv/censuses/census2011/htm/H11_Zup31_3735.html. Retrieved 8 August 2011.
- ^ "Census of Population, Households and Dwellings 2011, First Results by Settlements - Primorje-Gorski Kotar County" (in Croatian and English) (HTML). Statistical Reports (Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics) (1441). June 2011. ISSN 1332-0297. http://www.dzs.hr/Hrv/censuses/census2011/htm/H11_Zup31.html. Retrieved 8 August 2011.
- ^ "Dubrovnik and Croatia Dictionary and pronunciation of Croatian language". Dubrovnik-online.net. http://www.dubrovnik-online.net/english/dictionary.php. Retrieved 2012-04-07.
- ^ http://www.gotocroatia.com/engels/cities/rijeka_history.asp
- ^ "History of Refineries, INA d.d". Ina.hr. 2011-02-12. http://www.ina.hr/default.aspx?id=269. Retrieved 2012-04-07.
- ^ Peter Salcher und Ernst Mach, Schlierenfotografie von Überschall-Projektilen, W. Gerhard Pohl, Universität Wien, PLUS LUCIS 2/2002 – 1/2003, ISSN 1606-3015 (in German)
- ^ The History of Hungarian Fiume[dead link]
- ^ A.J.P. Taylor: The Habsburg Monarchy, 1809–1918, University of Chicago Press, Paperback edition, 1976, ISBN 0-226-79145-9, page 269
- ^ Stanislav Krakov, Dolazak srpske vojske na Rijeku i severni Jadran, Beograd: Jadranska Straza,1928/29;[The Arrival of the Serbian Army in Fiume and the Northern Adriatic
- ^ Anonymous, 1919. Reka-Fiume : notes sur l'histoire, la langue et la statistique, Beograd.
- ^ Ledeen, Michael A. 1977. The First Duce. D’Annunzio at Fiume, Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
- ^ Federzoni, Luigi. Il Trattato di Rapallo, Bologna, Zanichelli, 1921.
- ^ Benedetti, Giulio. La pace di Fiume, Bologna, Zanichelli, 1924.
- ^ Jozo Tomasevich: War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, Stanford University Press, 2001, ISBN 0-8047-3615-4 , page 134
- ^ "Tajna Rupe: Kako je nestalo 11000 vojnika", Jutarnji List, 30 April 2006, [1] (in Croatian)
- ^ Gianfranco Miksa: Fiume 1945, piovono i ricordi – Le conseguenze dei trenta bombardamenti e la difficile ricostruzione, La Voce del Popolo, 30 April 2010 [2]
- ^ "317th Bomb Squadron Roster". B17pbemgame.com. http://www.b17pbemgame.com/317th_bomb_squadron_roster.htm. Retrieved 2012-04-07.
- ^ KAKO JE POTOPLJEN KIEBITZ?, Slavko Suzic, Susacka Revija 54/55, 2007, see [3] (in Croatian)
- ^ "Rajko Samueli Kacic: Rijecka Bitka, SUŠACKA REVIJA, br. 49, 2005". Klub-susacana.hr. http://www.klub-susacana.hr/revija/clanak.asp?Num=49&C=21. Retrieved 2012-04-07.
- ^ "Rijeka operation". Vojska.net. 1945-05-07. http://www.vojska.net/eng/world-war-2/operation/rijeka-1945/. Retrieved 2012-04-07.
- ^ Società di Studi Fiumana – Roma – Hrvatski Institut za Povijest – Zagreb,Le vittime di nazionalita italiana a Fiume e dintorni (1943–1947),Žrtve talijanske nacionalnosti u Rijeci i okolici (1939.-1947 .), Rome 2002 ISBN 88-7125-239-X. Tablica ubijenima od 2. svibnja 1945. do 31. prosinca 1947: "Statistički podaci", stranice 206 i 207.
- ^ O Platku, položaj i klima, in Croatian[dead link]
- ^ "World Weather Information Service – Rijeka". United Nations. http://www.worldweather.org/019/c00072.htm. Retrieved 21 January 2011.
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Rijeka |
- Rijeka travel guide from Wikitravel
- City of Rijeka
- Port of Rijeka Authority
- Old Postcards of Fiume
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Fiume". Encyclopædia Britannica. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 449,450.
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