Vukovar

Tuesday, 05 February 2013

Siege of Vukovar, Croatia (former Yugoslavia)

Vukovar, Croatia (The Caravan Hitchhiking Project)

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Ada Kaleh
Ada Kaleh (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈada kaˈle], Turkish: Adakale "Island Fortress", Hungarian: Újorsova or Ada Kaleh, Serbian: Адакале / Adakale) was a small island on the Danube populated mostly by Turks that was submerged during the construction of the Iron Gates hydroelectric plant in 1970. The island was about 3 km downstream from Orşova and measured 1.75 by 0.4–0.5 km.
The isle of Ada Kaleh is probably the most evocative victim of the Iron Gate dam's construction. A Turkish enclave, it had a mosque and numerous twisting alleys, and was known as a free port and a smuggler's nest. Many other ethnic groups lived here beside the Turks.
The Austrians built a Vauban-type fort there to defend it from the Ottoman Empire, and that fort would remain a bone of contention for the two empires. In 1699 the island came under Turkish control; but from 1716 to 1738 it was recaptured by the Austrians, and the Fortress of New Orsova was built by Nicolaus Doxat de Démoret, an Austrian colonel of Swiss origin. After a four-month siege in 1738 it was Turkish again, followed by the Austrians re-conquering it in 1789, but they had to return the island to the Turks with the Treaty of Sistova on August 4, 1791, which ended the Austro-Turkish War (1787–1791) (and, by extension, the Ottoman–Habsburg wars) between the Ottoman Empire and Habsburg Monarchy. Thereafter, the island lost its military importance.

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Andrijaševci
Andrijaševci is a village and the eponymous municipality in Vukovar-Syrmia County in eastern Croatia. The 2011 census listed a total of 4,122 inhabitants in the municipality's two settlements:
Coordinates: 45°13′N 18°44′E / 45.217°N 18.733°E / 45.217; 18.733

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Austria
Austria (ⁱ/ˈɒstriə/ or /ˈɔːstriə/; German: Österreich [ˈøːstɐˌʁaɪç] ( listen)), officially the Republic of Austria (German: Republik Österreich (help·info)), is a landlocked country of roughly 8.47 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Hungary and Slovakia to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The territory of Austria covers 83,855 square kilometres (32,377 sq mi) and has a temperate and alpine climate. Austria's terrain is highly mountainous due to the presence of the Alps; only 32% of the country is below 500 metres (1,640 ft), and its highest point is 3,798 metres (12,461 ft). The majority of the population speak local Austro-Bavarian dialects of German as their native language, and German in its standard form is the country's official language. Other local official languages are Burgenland Croatian, Hungarian and Slovene.
The origins of modern-day Austria date back to the time of the Habsburg dynasty when the vast majority of the country was a part of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. During the 17th and 18th centuries, Austria became one of the great powers of Europe and, in response to the coronation of Napoleon I as the Emperor of the French, the Austrian Empire was officially proclaimed in 1804. In 1867, the Austrian Empire was reformed into Austria-Hungary.

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Babina Greda
Babina Greda is a village and a municipality in Vukovar-Syrmia County in eastern Croatia. The 2011 census listed 3,585 inhabitants in Babina Greda.

Coordinates: 45°07′N 18°32′E / 45.117°N 18.533°E / 45.117; 18.533

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Battle of Vukovar
The Battle of Vukovar (Croatian: Bitka za Vukovar, Serbian: Битка за Вуковар, Bitka za Vukovar) was an 87-day siege of Vukovar in eastern Croatia by the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA), supported by various paramilitary forces from Serbia, between August and November 1991. Before the Croatian War of Independence the Baroque town was a prosperous, mixed community of Croats, Serbs and other ethnic groups. As Yugoslavia began to break up, Serbia's President Slobodan Milošević and Croatia's President Franjo Tuđman started to pursue nationalist politics. In 1990, an armed insurrection was started by Croatian Serb militias, supported by the Serbian government and paramilitary groups, who seized control of Serb-populated areas of Croatia. The JNA began to intervene in favour of the rebellion, and conflict broke out in the eastern Croatian region of Slavonia in May 1991. In August the JNA launched a full-scale attack against Croatian-held territory in eastern Slavonia, including Vukovar.
Vukovar was defended by around 1,800 lightly armed soldiers of the Croatian National Guard (ZNG) and civilian volunteers, against 36,000 JNA soldiers and Serbian paramilitaries equipped with heavy armour and artillery. During the battle shells and rockets were fired into the town at a rate of up to 12,000 a day. At the time it was the fiercest and most protracted battle in Europe, and Vukovar was the first major European town entirely destroyed since the Second World War. When Vukovar fell on 18 November 1991, hundreds of soldiers and civilians were massacred by Serb forces and at least 31,000 civilians were deported from the town and its surroundings. Most of the Vukovar was ethnically cleansed of its non-Serb population and became part of the self-declared Republic of Serbian Krajina. Several Serb military and political officials, including Milošević, were later indicted and in some cases jailed for war crimes committed during and after the battle.

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Belene Island
Belene Island (Bulgarian: остров Белене, ostrov Belene) or Persin Island (остров Персин, ostrov Persin) is the biggest island in Bulgarian waters. The island is formed by the Danube River splitting into two branches passing north and south of it. The international frontier between Bulgaria and Romania follows the north branch of the river and therefore Belene Island is part of the Bulgarian territory. The island is 14.5 kilometres (9.0 mi) long and reaching 6 km (3.7 mi) in width; it is located in the Danube, north of the town of Belene. Belene Island is the fourth biggest Danube island: during an average tide it is 41.078 square kilometres (15.860 sq mi) in area. During a high tide, parts of the island are submerged.
Belene Island is a part of the Belene Islands Complex and of the Persina Natural Park, a home to over 170 species of rare water birds, such as the Glossy Ibis, Pygmy Cormorant, Lesser Grey Shrike, Red-breasted Goose and others. The flora of Belene Island is represented by willows, poplars and asps; there is some arable land. The island was formed of alluvial sediments.

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Belgrade
Belgrade ( /ˈbɛlɡreɪd/; Serbian: Београд; [beǒɡrad] ( listen); names in other languages) is the capital and largest city of Serbia. The city is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers, where the Pannonian Plain meets the Balkans. Its name in English translates to White city. The city proper has a population of over 1.1 million, while its metropolitan area has over 1.6 million people, making it one of the largest cities in Southeast Europe.
One of the largest prehistoric cultures of Europe, the Vinča culture, evolved around the area Belgrade in the 6th millennium BC. In antiquity, Thraco-Dacians inhabited the region, and after 279 BC Celts conquered the city, naming it Singidūn. It was conquered by the Romans during the reign of Augustus, and awarded city rights in the mid 2nd century. It was settled by the Slavs in the 520s, and changed hands several times before it became the capital of King Stephen Dragutin (1282–1316). In 1521 Belgrade was conquered by the Ottoman Empire and became the seat of a the Sanjak of Smederevo. It frequently passed from Ottoman to Habsburg rule, which saw the destruction of most of the city during the Austro-Ottoman wars. Belgrade was again named the capital of Serbia in 1841. The north of Belgrade remained a Habsburg outpost until 1918, when it was merged into the capital city. As a strategic location, the city was battled over in 115 wars and razed to the ground 44 times. Belgrade was the capital of Yugoslavia (in various forms of governments) from its creation in 1918, to its final dissolution in 2006.

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Beli Manastir
Beli Manastir is a town and municipality in eastern Croatia. It is the principal town of the Croatian part of Baranja, located in the Osijek-Baranja county.
The name means "white monastery" in Croatian and primarily in Serbian (its name "Beli manastir" as opposed to standard Croatian "Bijeli samostan" reflects the speech of the local Slavic population rather than adhering to specific Croatian or Serbian guidelines). This name was introduced in 1923 during the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, and before this it was known as Monoštor in Croatian and Serbian. It is also known as Бели Манастир in Serbian Cyrillic, Pélmonostor in Hungarian and Manoster in German.
Other names formerly used for the town were: Pél, Bell, and Monostor. All names are connected with monasteries that existed in history at this location. The first monastery was built in the 9th century during the rule of Slavic duke Kocelj but was later razed, and all that remained of it was pil (obelisk in English), hence the later Hungarian name Pél, which was a version of the Slavic word.

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Belišće
Belišće (pronounced [bɛ̌liːʃtɕɛ]) is a city in Croatia, located in the region of Slavonia, Osijek-Baranja County, at the altitude of 93 m. The population of the city is 6,493 (2011), with 10,790 in the municipality. In 2001 census, the majority were Croats. This industrial town upon the Drava river lies near the border with Hungary north from here.
Chief occupations are forestry, timber and wood processing, (sawmill, chemical and mechanical wood processing), corrugated fiberboard, metal industry, chemicals and synthetic material processing.
The influential Gutmann family made a significant impact on the Belišće region in the 19th and 20th century. Once vast Slavonian oak forests were mostly replaced with farmland, and a section of the working-class quarters of Salamon H. Gutmann from 1884 became part of the present-day Belišće.
Major recreational activities include angling, rowing kayak and canoe on the Drava, river and its backwaters and hunting in the broader surroundings.
The settlements in the administrative area are:

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Benkovac
Benkovac is a town and municipality in the interior of Zadar County, Croatia.
Benkovac is located where the plain of Ravni Kotari and the karstic plateau of Bukovica meet, 20 km from the town of Biograd na Moru and 30 km from Zadar. The Zagreb-Split motorway and Zadar-Knin railway pass through the town. It borders the municipalities of Novigrad, Posedarje, Obrovac, Lišane Ostrovičke, Kistanje and Stankovci.
According to the 2001 census, the municipality had 9,786 inhabitants of which 90.4% were Croats and 7.5% Serbs. Before the war in Croatia, Serbs made up about 57%, and Croats about 41%, however Croats only held 18% of the jobs in the local government, which led to high tensions in the 1990s. During the Operation Storm (Oluja), almost all of the Serbs fled, and after the war many Bosnian Croat refugees settled the area.
According to the Austrian Census in 1900, the town of Benkovac consisted of 356 Catholics and 156 Orthodox, with area surrounding Benkovac it included 8,119 Catholics and 5,981 Orthodox. [1] The 1910 census recorded a total of 810 residents, 388 of which were Catholic and 422 Orthodox. Both censuses were conducted according to religion and language (Serbo-Croatian).

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Bjelovar
Bjelovar is a city in central Croatia. It is the administrative centre of Bjelovar-Bilogora County. At the 2001 census, there were 41,869 inhabitants, of which 90.51% were Croats. Bjelovar is not an ancient town; it was first mentioned in 1413 and only gained importance when a new fort was built there in 1756, at the command of the Habsburg Empress Maria Theresa. The initial role of the city was to defend central Croatia against the Ottoman invasions.
The town had to wait until the end of these wars to be pronounced a free royal town by ban of Ivan Mažuranić in 1874.
In Hungarian, the town is known as Belovár, in German it is known as Belowar, and in Serbian Cyrillic, it is known as Бјеловар.
The oldest Neolithic location in this area is in Ždralovi, a suburb of Bjelovar, where, while building a basement for the house of Josip Horvatić, a dugout was found and identified as belonging to the Starčevo culture (5000 – 4300 BC). Finds from Ždralovi belong to a regional subtype of a late variant of the Neolithic culture. It is designated the Ždralovi facies of the Starčevo culture, or the final-stage Starčevo. There are also relics of the Korenovo culture, Sopot culture, Lasinja culture, and the Vučedol culture.

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Bogdanovci
Bogdanovci is a municipality in the Vukovar-Syrmia County in Croatia. It is located a few kilometers south of Vukovar in eastern Slavonia.
In the 2011 census, the total population is 1,957, in the following settlements:
In the 2001 census, of the 2,366 inhabitants, there were:

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Borovo Naselje
Borovo Naselje is a Vukovar borough located on the right bank of the Danube river in the Croatian region of Slavonia, 4 kilometers northwest of Vukovar town centre; elevation 90 m. The economy is based on rubber and shoe industries. The routes D2, D55 and D519 intersect in Borovo Naselje, connecting Vukovar to Osijek, Vinkovci and Dalj, respectively. The borough is named after the nearby village of Borovo, which is sometimes distinguished from it by being called Borovo Selo (selo means "village"; naselje means "settlement").
Borovo Naselje sprung up around the Borovo rubber products factory, built and owned by Tomáš Baťa before World War II. The entire town was built around the factory to provide housing and other necessary institutions for the employees. The town grew and finally merged with the neighboring town of Vukovar. After Borovo Naselje merged with Vukovar, it shed its name and became a part of Vukovar, but it's still known as Borovo Naselje among the locals.
Borovo Naselje was also known for its vast sporting infrastructure and facilities, which were some of the best in the former Yugoslavia. It was home to tennis facilities, swimming pools, an aerosport club, football clubs and fields, boxing and karate facility as well as a main indoor sports arena, which sometimes hosted national Yugoslavian and international matches. Since the war, much of these once grand sporting facilities lie in tatters and ruin and are slowly being rebuilt.

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Bošnjaci
Bošnjaci is a village and municipality in Vukovar-Syrmia County in eastern Croatia. The 2011 census listed a total of 3,869 inhabitants in Bošnjaci. In the 2001 census there were 4,653 inhabitants, 98.7% of whom identified themselves as Croats.
Coordinates: 45°03′N 18°46′E / 45.05°N 18.767°E / 45.05; 18.767

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Brăila
Brăila (Romanian pronunciation: [brəˈila] ( listen); Greek: Μπράιλα; Turkish: İbrail) is a city in Muntenia, eastern Romania, a port on the Danube and the capital of Brăila County, in the close vicinity of Galaţi.
According to the 2011 Romanian census there were 168,389 people living within the city of Brăila, making it the 11th most populous city in Romania.
A settlement at this location on the left bank of the Danube, in Wallachia, was mentioned with the name Drinago in a Spanish Libro de conoscimiento ("Book of knowledge", circa 1350) and in several Catalan portolan charts (Angelino de Dalorto, 1325/1330 and Angelino Dulcert, 1339). This may have been an erroneous transcription of Brillago. In Greek documents of roughly that time, the city is referred to as Proilabum or Proilava, a Greek language adaptation of its Slavic name, Brailov. In German language sources, it is mentioned as Uebereyl. The origin and meaning of the name is unknown.
As a kaza, the town and its surrounding area was controlled by Ottoman Turks from 1538–1540 until 1829 (it was restored to Wallachia through the Akkerman Convention); the Ottomans called it Ibrail or Ibraila.

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Budapest
Budapest ( /ˈbuːdəpɛst/, /ˈbuːdəpɛʃt/ or /ˈbʊdəpɛst/; Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈbudɒpɛʃt] ( listen); names in other languages) is the capital and the largest city of Hungary, the largest in East-Central Europe and the seventh largest in the European Union. It is the country's principal political, cultural, commercial, industrial, and transportation centre, sometimes described as the primate city of Hungary. According to 2011 Census, Budapest had 1.74 million inhabitants, down from its 1989 peak of 2.1 million due to suburbanization. The Budapest Commuter Area is home to 3.3 million people. The city covers an area of 525 square kilometres (202.7 sq mi) within the city limits. Budapest became a single city occupying both banks of the river Danube with a unification on 17 November 1873 of west-bank Buda and Óbuda with east-bank Pest.
The history of Budapest began with Aquincum, originally a Celtic settlement that became the Roman capital of Lower Pannonia.Hungarians arrived in the territory in the 9th century. Their first settlement was pillaged by the Mongols in 1241-42. The re-established town became one of the centres of Renaissance humanist culture in the 15th century. Following the Battle of Mohács and nearly 150 years of Ottoman rule, development of the region entered a new age of prosperity in the 18th and 19th centuries, and Budapest became a global city after the 1873 unification. It also became the second capital of Austria-Hungary, a great power that dissolved in 1918. After the Treaty of Trianon in 1920, when Hungary lost 72% of its former territory, culturally and economically the country became wholly Budapest-dominated. The capital dominates the country both by the size of its population—which dwarfs those of Hungary's other cities Budapest was the focal point of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, the Hungarian Soviet Republic of 1919, Operation Panzerfaust in 1944, the Battle of Budapest of 1945, and the Revolution of 1956.

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Canada
Canada ( /ˈkænədə/) is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean. Spanning over 9,900,000 km² (3,800,000 sq mi), Canada is the world's second-largest country by total area, and its common border with the United States is the longest land border in the world.
The land that is now Canada has been inhabited for millennia by various Aboriginal peoples. Beginning in the late 15th century, British and French colonial expeditions explored, and later settled, along the region's Atlantic coast. France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 after the Seven Years' War. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces. This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy; the Canada Act 1982 severed the vestiges of legal dependence on Britain.

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Crikvenica
Crikvenica (Croatian pronunciation: [ˈtsrikvɛnitsa]; Latin: Ad Turres) is the largest settlement on the coast of the Vinodol coastal area, Croatia, and grew up on an area which was a settlement in the Roman era (a military base) called Ad Turres. Population 7,121 (2001), total municipality population 11,348 with 90% Croats (2001). It is situated at the Adriatic coast, near Rijeka, the capital of the Primorje-Gorski Kotar county in which it resides. In the last twenty years, due to urban expansion of Crikvenica itself, as well as building in the nearby town of Selce, mentioned two merged into one mini-conglomerate.
Towns near Crikvenica include Kraljevica and Novi Vinodolski.
Old Crikvenica is considered to be a village called Kotor, which is located on hill nearby and shares the name with the village.
The town name comes from a church (Croatian: crkva = church - in dialect crikva) of the Pauline Fathers monastery, built by Nikola Frankopan nearby in 1412. Besides the church and the monastery at the mouth of the Dubračina, the nearby port of Grižane grew up. In 1760 the castellan moved from Bribir to Crikvenica and thus it became the centre of the whole Vinodol. In the 19th century Crikvenica became attractive to many tourists, which changed its history. In 1877 a harbour was built in Crikvenica, in 1888 a bathing beach and as early as 1891 the first hotel opened. In 1895 the Hotel Therapia was opened with 120 beds and the Hydrotherapy Institute. In 1902 the Hotel Crikvenica was built, in 1903 the Bellevue and in 1905 the Miramare. In 1906 Crikvenica became officially a health resort. Due to its favourable climate, in the space of just 16 years Crikvenica became the most important resort on the riviera. Today, with Selce, it is one of the most attractive parts of Kvarner coast, and of North Adriatic coast of Croatia in general.

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Croatia
Croatia (ⁱ/kroʊˈeɪʃə/ kroh-AY-shə; Croatian: Hrvatska pronounced [xř̩ʋaːtskaː]), officially the Republic of Croatia (Croatian: Republika Hrvatska listen (help·info)), is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of Central Europe, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers 56,594 square kilometres (21,851 square miles) and has diverse, mostly continental and Mediterranean climates. Croatia's Adriatic Sea coast contains more than a thousand islands. The country's population is 4.29 million, most of whom are Croats, with the most common religious denomination being Roman Catholicism.
In the early 7th century the Croats arrived in area of present-day Croatia. They organised the state into two dukedoms by the 9th century. Tomislav became the first king by 925 AD, elevating Croatia to the status of a kingdom. The Kingdom of Croatia retained its sovereignty for nearly two centuries, reaching its peak during the rule of Kings Peter Krešimir IV and Dmitar Zvonimir. Croatia entered a personal union with Hungary in 1102. In 1527, faced with Ottoman conquest the Croatian Parliament elected Ferdinand I of the House of Habsburg to the Croatian throne. In 1918, after World War I, Croatia was included in the short-lived State of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs that declared independence from Austria–Hungary and co-founded the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. A Croatian state briefly existed during World War II as a fascist puppet state. After the war, Croatia became a founding member and a federal constituent of the Second Yugoslavia, a socialist state. In June 1991, Croatia declared independence, which came into effect on 8 October of the same year. The Croatian War of Independence was fought successfully during the four years following the declaration.

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Csepel Island
Csepel Island (Hungarian: Csepel-sziget) is the largest island of the River Danube in Hungary. It is 48 km long; its width is 6–8 km. Its area comprises 257 km². The word Csepel is pronounced CHE-pel.
Csepel Island extends south from Budapest; its northern point is Csepel, which is Budapest's District XXI. Most of the island is accessible from Budapest by the suburban railway.
Notable towns include Ráckeve, Szigetszentmiklós, Szigethalom and Tököl.
Csepel island was the first centre of conquering Hungarians, being the lodgement of Árpád's tribe. The island is named after Árpád's horse groom, Csepel.
Coordinates: 47°15′N 18°57′E / 47.25°N 18.95°E / 47.25; 18.95

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Daruvar
Daruvar (Czech: Daruvar, German: Daruwar, Hungarian: Daruvár, Latin: Aqua Balissae, Serbian Cyrillic: Дарувар) is a town in central Croatia, population 9,815 (2001), total municipality population 13,243 (2001).
Daruvar is a spa town, located in the western part of the Croatian plains, on the foothills of the fruitful Papuk mountain, with wine tradition longer than 2200 years, and along the fertile Toplica^{[disambiguation needed ]} river. It is the main political and cultural centre of the Czech national minority in Croatia.
Daruvar is located 125 km from Zagreb, the national capital, and 130 km from Osijek, the main city of Slavonia to the east. The closest cities are: Pakrac, Lipik, Novska, Križevci, Bjelovar, Virovitica.
Daruvar is located in the Bjelovar-Bilogora county. The list of settlements within the city limits is:
Archaeological findings here, (stone axes), could be traced back to the stone age. The history of Daruvar could be traced to the 4th century BC, when the first organized habitation emerged near the warm geothermal spas in today's Daruvar valley. Celtic - Pannonian tribes living here and familiar with water treatments benefiting health, were Iassi, (meaning healers), so called by both Greek and Roman writers.

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Donauinsel
The Donauinsel (Danube Island) is a long, narrow island, in central Vienna, Austria, between the Danube river and the parallel excavated channel Neue Donau ("New Danube"). The island is 21.1 km (13.1 mi) in length, but is only 70–210 metres (230–690 ft) broad. The New Danube waterway is practically an elongated (swimming) lake, technically a diluvian bed.
To most visitors, the island is known as a recreational area with bars, restaurants and nightclubs. It has sports opportunities from rollerblading, cycling and swimming to canoeing. There is one beach that, in its beginning, felt so exotic that it was soon nicknamed the "Copa Cagrana" as a humoristic allusion to Rio de Janeiro's Copacabana: Kagran is the part of the 22nd District of Vienna next to that beach. In the southern and northern parts of the island, there are extensive (and free) nude beaches.
The Donauinselfest is an internationally well-known annual open air festival, and Europe's biggest event of this kind, expected to soon hit the 3-million-visitors mark. It takes place at the end of June (Friday through Sunday) – except for 2008 (September 5th–7th), due to Austria (and Switzerland) hosting the European Football Championship. On September 23, 2008, Madonna gave her first concert in Vienna there in front of an impressive crowd of 57,000.

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Drava
Drava or Drave (Hungarian: Dráva; German: Drau; Italian, Croatian and Slovene: Drava) is a river in southern Central Europe, a tributary of the Danube. It sources in Toblach/Dobbiaco, Italy, and flows east through East Tirol and Carinthia in Austria, into Slovenia (142 km), and then southeast, passing through Croatia and forming most of the border between Croatia and Hungary, before it joins the Danube near Osijek.
In the ancient times the river was called Dravus. The name is most likely Celtic or pre-Celtic in origin (see Old European hydronymy). The Drava and Spöl are the only two rivers that originate in Italy and drain into the Danube drainage basin. It is the fourth largest and longest Danube tributary. The Gail in Austria, the Meža and Dravinja in Slovenia, and the Bednja in Croatia from the right; the Gurk and the Lavant in Austria, and the Mur (near Legrad) in Croatia from the left are its main tributaries.
The Drava flows through Innichen/San Candido in Italy, Lienz, Spittal an der Drau, Villach, and Ferlach in Austria, Dravograd, Vuzenica, Muta, Ruše, Maribor, Ptuj, and Ormož in Slovenia, Varaždin and Osijek in Croatia, and Barcs in Hungary, being navigable for about 90 km from Čađavica in Croatia to its outfall.

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Drenovci
Drenovci is a municipality in the Vukovar-Syrmia County in Croatia. According to the 2001 census, there are 7,424 inhabitants, 87.03% which are Croats. The municipality is part of Slavonia.

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Dubrovnik
Dubrovnik (pronounced [dǔbroːʋnik], note that the stress is on the first syllable) is a Croatian city on the Adriatic Sea coast, positioned at the terminal end of the Isthmus of Dubrovnik. It is one of the most prominent tourist destinations on the Adriatic, a seaport and the centre of Dubrovnik-Neretva county. Its total population is 42,641 (census 2011). In 1979, the city of Dubrovnik joined the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites.
The prosperity of the city of Dubrovnik has always been based on maritime trade. In the Middle Ages, as the Republic of Ragusa, also known as a Maritime Republic (together with Amalfi, Pisa, Genoa, Venice and other Italian cities), it became the only eastern Adriatic city-state to rival Venice. Supported by its wealth and skilled diplomacy, the city achieved a high level of development, particularly during the 15th and 16th centuries.
The beginning of tourism in Dubrovnik is often associated with the construction of the late 19th-century luxury hotels in Croatia, such as Grand Hotel (1890) in Opatija and the Hotel Imperial (1897) in Dubrovnik. According to CNNGo, Dubrovnik is among the 10 best medieval walled cities in the world and among the 10 best places in the world for a fairytale proposal of the Valentine's Day. Although Dubrovnik was demilitarised in the 1970s to protect it from war, in 1991, after the breakup of Yugoslavia, it was besieged by Serb-Montenegrin forces for 7 months and received significant shelling damage.

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Duga Resa
Duga Resa is a town in Karlovac County, Croatia. It is located about 100km east of Rijeka.
The earliest reference to Duga Resa is from the year 1380. There are several theories on how the then-village acquired its name: one is that "resa" is a reference to the town people's folk costumes; another is that it is named from a native plant that grows in the area, both on the land and in the water.
The village soon grew into a town during the industrialization of the area in the late 19th and early 20th century. In the 2001 census, there were 12,114 inhabitants in the municipality, 96% of which were Croats.
In 2011, the total population is 11,164, in the following settlements:
Popular activities include fishing, rafting, hunting, boating, swimming, volleyball, soccer, and biking. The local church St. Peters (Sveti Petar) dates back to the 14th century.
Its geographic location gives the town very hot summers and very cold winters.

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Dugo Selo
Dugo Selo is a town in Zagreb County, Croatia.
Dugo Selo (lit. Long Village) is a 20 km drive from Zagreb city centre.
The town covers an area of 51 km² and it consists of numerous settlements. The summit of the hill Martin Breg is situated in the northern part of the town. Most neighborhoods of Dugo Selo are located on the Martin Breg slopes.
Dugo Selo is usually considered an exurb of Zagreb. It is also a part of Zagreb metropolitan area.
The transportation importance lies in the intersection of railway lines Zagreb-Koprivnica-Budapest and Zagreb-Slavonski Brod-Belgrade. A major railway station is located in the southern part of town.
The main thoroughfare of Dugo Selo is State route D41 (Zagreb-Koprivnica), an east-west heavily traveled two-lane road. Because of the proximity, a substantial amount of inhabitants commute to Zagreb, thereby creating congestion on D41 during peak hours. The congestion on the Dugo Selo's part of D41 is mild. State route D28 used to go through Dugo Selo before the B28 expressway was built.

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Dunaújváros
Dunaújváros, known as Sztálinváros from its construction in 1951 to 1961, is an industrial city in Hungary's Central Transdanubia region lying along the Danube river. It is in Fejér county. The city was built around the village of Dunapentele.
Dunaújváros is one of the newest cities of the country. It was built in the 1950s during the industrialization of the country under Socialist rule, as a new city next to an already existing village, Dunapentele.
Dunapentele was not built on until the 1950s. The construction started on the Danube's right side. The area has been inhabited since ancient times. When Western Hungary was a Roman province under the name Pannonia, a military camp and a town called Intercisa stood in this place, at the border of the province. The Hungarians conquered the area in the early 10th century. The village Pentele, named after the medieval Greek saint, Pantaleon, was founded shortly after.
Between 1541 and 1688 the village was under Ottoman rule, and during the 15-year war it was completely destroyed. During the freedom fight led by Prince Francis II Rákóczi the place was deserted again. In the 18th century the village began to prosper. In 1830 the village got the right to hold two market days every week. In 1831 there was a cholera epidemic and the peasants revolted. In 1833 Pentele was granted town status (oppidum) by Ferdinand V. The citizens took part in the freedom fight in 1848-49.

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Eltz Manor
Eltz Manor (Croatian: Dvorac Eltz, German: Schloss Eltz) is a Baroque castle in Vukovar, Croatia. The 18th century manor is the location of the Vukovar City Museum.
In 1736 Philipp Karl von Eltz-Kempenich (1665–1743), the Archchancellor of the Holy Roman Empire and Prince-Archbishop of Mainz, had purchased Vukovar manor in the eastern Kingdom of Slavonia (Syrmia), then part of the Habsburg Monarchy ruled by Emperor Charles VI. The castle was originally built between the period of 1749 to 1751 by the Archchancellor's descendants of the German Catholic noble House of Eltz and was gradually extended over time. The estates near the Military Frontier were however exposed to raids by Ottoman troops but also by local Hajduk paramilitary forces.
After the Yugoslav Partisans had gained control over the country in late World War II, the manor was confiscated by the communist administration of Yugoslavia in 1944, and the family of Jakob Graf zu Eltz was forced to leave Vukovar. In 1990, he returned from Eltville to the newly established state of Croatia and became a member of the Sabor parliament at Zagreb. Eltz Manor, however, suffered a great deal of damage during the Croatian War of Independence, when it was bombarded by the Yugoslav People's Army during the Battle of Vukovar.

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Galați
Galați (Romanian pronunciation: [ɡaˈlat͡sʲ]) is a city and a municipality in Romania. The town of Galaţi is the capital of Galați County.Galaţi lies in the historical region of Moldavia, near to Brăila. Galați is the largest port and the largest sea port on the Danube River. It is the second largest port in Romania.In 2011, census data recorded 231204 inhabitants in the city of Galaţi. At that time it was the seventh most populous city in Romania.Galaţi is an industrial city based around the Naval Shipyard, the Arcelor-Mittal steel plant and the Port.
The name "Galaţi" is derived from the Cuman word galat. This word is borrowed from the Arabic word qal'at, meaning a fortress. Other etymologies have been proposed, such as the Serbian galac. However, the galat root appears in nearby toponyms, some of which show clearly a Cuman origin, for example Gălățui Lake, which has the typical Cuman -ui suffix for "water". Another toponym in the region is the Galicia, with its town of Halych, locally associated with the jackdaw (Kawka, Halka). Other similar place names are Galich, Russia and Galatia in Turkey. Gaul might be a derivation from Galatia, thus suggesting a Celtic origin. A similar pattern occurs with the celtic sounding word, Ligures referring to "Caladaa" being a city of the Ligurian or Genoan territories. Although possible, a celtic origin is, however, unlikely.

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Garešnica
Garešnica is a town and municipality in Bjelovar-Bilogora County, Croatia. It is part of Moslavina. There are a total of 10,466 inhabitants (census 2011). As of 2001^[update], 82% of the inhabitants are Croats.
Garešnica is located in central Croatia at the foot of Moslavačka gora mountain, 17 km (10.56 mi) northeast of Kutina, on the main road Kutina - Veliki Zdenci - Virovitica. It was first mentioned in 1527. The church Visitation of Our Lady was built in 1752 and has still a lot of original inventory.
The town is home to a memorial to its deceased defenders from the Croatian War of Independence.
The following settlements comprise the Garešnica municipality:
Coordinates: 45°34′N 16°56′E / 45.567°N 16.933°E / 45.567; 16.933

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Geography of Germany
Coordinates: 51°00′N 10°00′E / 51.00°N 10.00°E / 51.00; 10.00
Germany is a country in Central Europe, stretching from the Alps, across the North European Plain to the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. Germany has the second largest population in Europe (after the European part of Russia) and is seventh largest in area. The territory of Germany covers 357,021 km² (137,847 sq mi), consisting of 349,223 km² (134,836 sq mi) of land and 7,798 km² (3,011 sq mi) of water.
Elevation ranges from the mountains of the Alps (highest point: the Zugspitze at 2,962 metres (9,718 ft) in the south to the shores of the North Sea (Nordsee) in the northwest and the Baltic Sea (Ostsee) in the northeast. Between lie the forested uplands of central Germany and the low-lying lands of northern Germany (lowest point: Neuendorf-Sachsenbande at 3.54 metres (11.6 ft) below sea level), traversed by some of Europe's major rivers such as the Rhine, Danube and Elbe.
Germany shares borders with nine European countries, second only to Russia: Denmark in the north, Poland and the Czech Republic in the east, Austria and Switzerland in the south, France in the southwest and Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands in the west.

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Geography of Moldova
Located in southeastern Europe, Moldova is bordered on the west by Romania and on the north, south, and east by Ukraine. Most of its territory lies between the area's two main rivers, the Dniester and the Prut. The Dniester forms a small part of Moldova's border with Ukraine in the northeast and southeast, but it mainly flows through the eastern part of the country, separating Bessarabia and Transnistria. The Prut River forms Moldova's entire western boundary with Romania. The Danube touches the Moldovan border at its southernmost tip, and forms the border for 200 m (656 ft).
Phytogeographically, Moldova is shared between the Central European and Eastern European provinces of the Circumboreal Region within the Boreal Kingdom. According to the WWF, the territory of Moldova can be subdivided into three ecoregions: the Central European mixed forests, the East European forest steppe (the most territory of the country), and Pontic steppe (in the south and southeast).

Location: Eastern Europe, northeast of Romania

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Geography of Romania
With an area of 238,400 square kilometers, Romania is the twelfth largest country in Europe. Situated in the northeastern portion of the Balkan Peninsula, the country is halfway between the equator and the North Pole and equidistant from the westernmost part of Europe—the Atlantic Coast—and the most easterly—the Ural Mountains. Romania has 3,195 kilometers of border. Republic of Moldova lies to the east, Bulgaria lies to the south, Serbia to the southwest, and Hungary to the west. In the southeast, 245 kilometers of Black Sea coastline provide an important outlet to the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean.
Traditionally Romania is divided into several historic regions that no longer perform any administrative function:

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Germany
Germany (ⁱ/ˈdʒɜrməni/), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland, pronounced [ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant] ( listen)), is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km² and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state and the largest economy in the European Union. It is one of the major political powers of the European continent and a technological leader in many fields.
A region named Germania, inhabited by several Germanic peoples, was documented before AD 100. During the Migration Period, the Germanic tribes expanded southward, and established successor kingdoms throughout much of Europe. Beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation while southern and western parts remained dominated by Roman Catholic denominations, with the two factions clashing in the Thirty Years' War, marking the beginning of the Catholic–Protestant divide that has characterized German society ever since. Occupied during the Napoleonic Wars, the rise of Pan-Germanism inside the German Confederation resulted in the unification of most of the German states into the German Empire in 1871 which was Prussian dominated. After the German Revolution of 1918–1919 and the subsequent military surrender in World War I, the Empire was replaced by the Weimar Republic in 1918, and partitioned in the Treaty of Versailles. Amidst the Great Depression, the Third Reich was proclaimed in 1933. The latter period was marked by Fascism and World War II. After 1945, Germany was divided by allied occupation, and evolved into two states, East Germany and West Germany. In 1990 Germany was reunified.

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Giurgiu
Giurgiu (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈd͡ʒjurd͡ʒju]) is the capital city of Giurgiu County, Romania, in the Greater Wallachia. It is situated amid mud-flats and marshes on the left bank of the Danube facing the Bulgarian city of Ruse on the opposite bank. Three small islands face the city, and a larger one shelters its port, Smarda. The rich grain-growing land to the north is traversed by a railway to Bucharest, the first line opened in Romania, which was built in 1869 and afterwards extended to Smarda. Giurgiu exports timber, grain, salt and petroleum, and imports coal, iron, and textiles.
The Giurgiu-Ruse Friendship Bridge, the only one in the shared Bulgarian-Romanian section of the Danube, crosses the river in the outskirts of the city.
According to the 2002 census, Giurgiu has a population of 69,345. In 1900 its population was 13,977; in 1930 it had a population of 30,348.
The area around Giurgiu was densely populated at the time of the Dacians (first century BC) as archeological evidence shows, and Burebista's capital was in this area (it is thought to be in Popeşti on the Argeş river). During Roman times this was the site of Theodorapolis, a city built by the Roman emperor Justinian (483-565).

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Gospić
Gospić is a town and municipality in the mountainous and sparsely populated region of Lika, Croatia. It is the administrative centre of Lika-Senj county. Gospić is located near the Lika River in the middle of a karst field.
Gospić is the third smallest seat of a county government in Croatia. Its status as the county capital helped to spur some development in it, but the town as well as the entire region have suffered a constant decrease in population over the last several decades.
The first organized inhabitation of the area was recorded in 1263 as Kaseg or Kasezi. The name Gospić is first mentioned in 1604, which likely originates from the Croatian word for "lady" (gospa) or another archaic form, gospava.
Today's town was built around two Ottoman forts (the towers of Aga Senković and of Aga Alić). The Turkish incursion was repelled by the end of the 17th century and Gospić became an administrative centre of the Lika region within the Military Frontier.
The municipality was the birthplace of such great men as the physicist and engineer Serb Nikola Tesla, pioneer in telegraphy Ferdinand Kovačević and also national thinkers like Ante Starčević.

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Great Morava
The Great Morava (Serbian: Велика Морава, pronounced [v̞ê̞likaː mɔ̌rav̞a]) is the final section of the Morava (Cyrillic: Морава), a major river system in Serbia.
The Velika (Great) Morava is created by the confluence of the South Morava and the West Morava, located near the small town of Stalać, a major railway junction in central Serbia. From there to its confluence with the Danube northeast of the city of Smederevo, the Velika Morava is 185 km long. With its longer branch, the West Morava, it is 493 km long. The South Morava, which represent the natural headwaters of the Morava, used to be longer than the West Morava, but due to the regulations of river bed and melioration, today it is shorter. Regulations were made on all three branches, and they all used to be much longer, so the Morava was over 600 km long. Today, the most distant water source in the Morava watershed is the source of the river Ibar, right and longest tributary of the Zapadna Morava, originating in Montenegro, which gives the Ibar-West Morava-Great Morava river system a length of 550 km, which still makes it the longest waterway in the Balkan Peninsula.

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Great War Island
Coordinates: 44°50′N 20°26′E / 44.833°N 20.433°E / 44.833; 20.433
Great War Island (Serbian: Велико ратно острво, Veliko ratno ostrvo) is a river island in Belgrade, capital of Serbia. It is located at the confluence of Sava and Danube rivers. Though uninhabited, the island is part of the Belgrade City proper, and belongs to the city municipality of Zemun.
Great War Island is located at the mouth of the Sava river into the Danube, in the Danube's widening between the Kalemegdan fortress as the ending section of the Terazije ridge of northern most part of Šumadija on the west and the low, easternmost section of the Syrmia plain, the modern Ušće neighborhood of Novi Beograd, on the south.
The island is relatively close to the banks, at the closest it is just 200 meters away from both Novi Beograd and Kalemegdan. On the south, halfway between the Great War Island and Ušće is the remnant of previously larger Little War Island.
The Great War Island is generally triangular in shape and covers an area of 2.11 km². It is low, for the most part marshy and often flooded by the Danube. The main physical feature on the island is the canal of Veliki Galijaš. In time, the canal was cut off from the Danube and effectively turned into a lake, with an area of 0.24 km² and the major natural bird and fish spawning area on the island. However, during the droughty years the lake drains out completely causing damage to the closed eco-system centered around it. Currently some two-thirds of the island are used as a nature preserve for 196 bird species, many of which are endangered. One of Belgrade's beaches, Lido, is located on the northern tip of the island.

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Gymnasium Vukovar
Gymnasium Vukovar (Croatian: Gimnazija Vukovar)}}) (Serbian: Gimnazija Vukovar/Гимназија Вуковар) is a secondary school situated in Vukovar, Croatia. Gymnasium Vukovar carries the educational programs of general secondary school, science and language direction. Classes are taught in Croatian or Serbian language. In the school year 2007/2008, 384 students were enrolled. Of these, there were 248 female and 136 male students.
The school opened in 1891 in the Kod zvijezde with 44 male pupils, and the first principal was Joseph Vitanović. In 1894, it moved to premises built for that purpose which had been constructed between spring and autumn of that year at a cost of 35,500 forints. In 1895, female pupils were also enrolled, and partial state funding was begun, culminating in full state funding in 1912, when the school had about 240 pupils. In 1999, the pupils learning in the two languages were taught in separate buildings.. Some have seen that fact the implementation of segregation policies on what specifically insisted Croatian nationalist groups. However, it is important to emphasize that parents themselves can choose in which language department will enroll a child. It is also important to point out that this case can not be considered discriminatory nor by the Convention against Discrimination in Education, in fact, Article 2, paragraph B, explicitly stated that this type of situations shall not be deemed to constitute discrimination.

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Győr
Coordinates: 47°41′03″N 17°38′04″E / 47.68417°N 17.63444°E / 47.68417; 17.63444
Győr (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈɟøːr] ( listen); German: Raab, Slovak: Ráb, names in other languages) is the most important city of northwest Hungary, the capital of Győr-Moson-Sopron county and Western Transdanubia region, and — halfway between Budapest and Vienna — lies on one of the important roads of Central Europe. The city is the sixth largest in Hungary, and one of the seven main regional centres of the country.
The area has been inhabited since ancient times. The first large settlement dates back to the 5th century BCE; the inhabitants were Celts. They called the town Arrabona, a name that was used for eight centuries and whose shortened form is still used as the German (Raab) and Slovak (Ráb) names of the city.
Roman merchants moved to Arrabona during the 1st century BCE, and around 10 CE the Roman army occupied the northern part of Western Hungary, which they called Pannonia. Although the Roman Empire abandoned the area in the 4th century due to constant attacks by the tribes living to the east, the town remained inhabited.

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Hron
Hron (Slovak: Hron, German: Gran, Hungarian: Garam, Latin: Granus) is a 298 km long left tributary of the Danube and the second longest river in Slovakia. It flows from its source located in the Low Tatra mountains (under Kráľova hoľa) through central and southern Slovakia, pouring into the Danube near Štúrovo and Esztergom. Major cities and towns situated on the Hron are Brezno, Banská Bystrica, Sliač, Zvolen, Žiar nad Hronom, Žarnovica, Nová Baňa, Tlmače, Levice, Želiezovce, and Štúrovo.
The river's basin covers approximately 11% of Slovakia's territory.
The name of the river was mentioned for the first time in 170, when Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius wrote his Meditations at the Hron (Latin: Granus) river. The first recorded medieval name was Gron (1075). From the 17th century until the 1930s, the river was used for wood transport.
Coordinates: 47°49′N 18°45′E / 47.817°N 18.75°E / 47.817; 18.75

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Ilok
Ilok is the easternmost town and municipality in Croatia. Located in the Syrmia region, it lies on a hill overlooking the Danube river, which forms the border with the Vojvodina region of Serbia. The population of the town of Ilok is 5,036, while the total municipality population is 6,750 (census 2011). The town is home to a Franciscan monastery and Ilok Castle, which is a popular day trip for domestic tourists.
In Croatian, the town is known as Ilok, in German as Illok, in Hungarian as Újlak and in Turkish as Uyluk. In Hungarian language "Újlak" means "new dwelling or lodge".
In 2011 census, the total population of Ilok was 6,750, in the following settlements:
Ilok is home to the largest Slovak minority in Croatia. Ethnic groups in the Ilok municipality (2001 census):
The area of present-day Ilok was populated since the neolithic and Bronze Ages. The Romans settled there in the 1st or 2nd century and built Cucium, the first border fortification on the Danube. The Slavs settled here in the 6th century, and the Croats arrived here probably after the collapse of the second Avar Khanate. The area was later ruled by the Bulgarian Empire, until it was included into the medieval Kingdom of Hungary.

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Imotski
Imotski (pronounced [ǐmɔtskiː]; Latin: Emona, later Imota) is a small town situated on the northern side of Biokovo massif, Dalmatian hinterland, Croatia. The town population is 4,347 while the total municipal population is 10,213 (2001). Imotski has a very mild and pleasant climate with many sunny days.
The town is located close to the border with Bosnia-Herzegovina, by the town of Posušje. The nearest coastal town is Makarska.
Imotski is known for its medieval fortress on the rocks of Blue Lake. Another phenomenon is the Red Lake which looks like the eye in the scenery. Both lakes are said to be connected with underground channels to the Adriatic Sea.
The town was first mentioned as Imotski for the first time in the 10th century. It was held by the Turks from the fall of Bosnia in 1492 until 1717 when it was captured by the Venetians.
Unlike other towns in the area, Imotski had an educational system which consisted of primary and secondary schools from as early as the beginning of the 20th century. The secondary school was founded in 1912 when Imotski was part of the Austro-Hungarian empire.

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Ipeľ
Ipeľ (Slovak) or Ipoly (Hungarian) (German: Eipel, archaic Slovak: Jupoľ ) is a 232 km long river in Slovakia and Hungary, tributary to the river Danube. Its source is in central Slovakia in the Slovenské rudohorie Mountains. It flows south to the Hungarian border, and then southwest, west and again south along the border until it flows into the Danube near Szob.
Ipeľ flows through or makes border of Banská Bystrica and Nitra regions in Slovakia, and Nógrád and Pest counties in Hungary.
Coordinates: 47°49′06″N 18°50′55″E / 47.8182°N 18.8485°E / 47.8182; 18.8485

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Ivanec
Ivanec is a town in northern Croatia, located southwest of Varaždin and east of Lepoglava, north of the mountain Ivanščica.
In the 2011 census, the population of the municipality is 13,765, in the following settlements:

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Izmail
Izmail (Ukrainian: Ізмаї́л, translit. Izmayil; Russian and Bulgarian: Измаил, translit. Izmail; Romanian: Ismail or Smil; Turkish: İşmasıl or Hacidar; also referred to as Ismail; Polish: Izmaił) is a historic city on the Danube river in south-western Ukraine. The city is the administrative center of the Izmail Raion (district) in the Odessa Oblast (province) and the largest Ukrainian port on the Danube. As such, it is a center of the food processing industry and a popular regional tourist destination. It is also a base of the Ukrainian Navy and the Ukrainian Sea Guard units operating on the river. The World Wildlife Fund's Isles of Izmail Regional Landscape Park is located nearby.
The current estimated population is around 85,000, with ethnic Russians forming about 42.7% of that total, 38% being Ukrainians, 10% Bessarabian Bulgarians, and 4.3% Moldovans.
The fortress of Izmail was built by Genoese merchants in the 12th century. It belonged for a short period of time to Wallachia (14th century) - as the territory north of the Danube was one of the possessions of the Basarabs (later the land being named after them, Bessarabia). The town was first mentioned with the name Ismailiye, derived from the name of the Ottoman Grand Vizier Izmail, the adding of initial i being a feature of Ottoman Turkish.

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Jarmina
Jarmina is a village and municipality in the Vukovar-Srijem County in Croatia.
In German the village is known as Jahrmein or Hermann, in Hungarian as Járomnaszentmiklós, and in Serbian Cyrillic as Јармина.
Before World War II there was a substantial German-speaking Danube Swabian population here. According to the 2001 census, there are 2,627 inhabitants, 98.13% which are Croats.
The municipality is home to a monument to defenders and civilians killed in the Croatian War of Independence which has the names of 15 deceased people.
Near Borinci, a village, which belongs to Jarmina, there is a 171 metres tall guyed mast for FM-/TV-broadcasting.
Jarmina is unofficial name of the Vinkovci Marshaling yard and freight railway station.

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Jastrebarsko
Jastrebarsko (pronounced [jâstrebarsko]; Hungarian: Jaska) is a town in Zagreb County, Croatia.
In 1865, remnants of a Roman settlement were uncovered in Repišće, Klinča Sela, a village in Jastrebarsko metropolitan area. Further archeological investigation in the late 20th century classified them as a villa rustica and a necropolis consisting of six tumuli, both dating to the early Roman Empire period. The remnants are deemed to be the westernmost group of Noric-Pannonian tumuli and they make a very rare occasion of tombstones located directly on top of tumuli, which is in the rest of Croatia recorded only in Donji Čehi. The location of this archeological site on the fluvial terraces of the local Konjava stream is attributed to the peaceful state of the central Roman Empire, which in turn led to formation of settlements in river valleys.
Sveta Marija pod Okićem (English: Saint Mary under Okić) (locally nicknamed Grič), an archeological site located some 2.5 kilometers (1.6 mi) north of Repišće dating to 4th century, shows a migration from easily accessible locations to steeper hills and creation of isolated walled refugia. This is attributed to the loss of stability in the Pannonian region and in the Empire overall. A necropolis belonging to Sveta Marija was found on the small valley of Popov Dol and small items were excavated therefrom. Those were mostly bronze bracelets and glass chalices, items that Romans buried with their deceased. Two similar sites were found in the vicinity: Pavlovčani and Plešivica pass.

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Karlovac
Karlovac (Croatian pronunciation: [kâːrlov̞at͡s]) is a city and municipality in central Croatia. According to the preliminary results of the National census held in 2011 the city proper has a population of 46,827, while the municipality has a population of 55,981 inhabitants.
Karlovac is the administrative centre of Karlovac County. The city is located on the Zagreb-Rijeka highway and railway line, 56 km south-west of Zagreb and 130 km from Rijeka.
The city was named for the Archduke of Austria Charles II, which in German is Karlstadt or Carlstadt ("Charles's Town"). It has then been translated into other languages: in Hungarian it is known as Károlyváros, in Italian as Carlostadio, in Latin as Carlostadium.
Karlovac was built from scratch in 1579 in order to strengthen Austria's southern defences against Ottoman encroaches. The establishment of a new city-fortress was a part of the deal between the Protestant nobility of Inner Austria and the archduke Charles II of Austria, in exchange for their religious freedom the nobility agreed to finance the building of a new fortress against the Ottoman Empire. It was founded as a six-pointed star fortress built on the Zrinski estate near the old town of Dubovac at the confluence of the Kupa and Korana rivers. As the city later expanded, the urban area reached as far as the Mrežnica and Dobra rivers. The unique star shape can still be seen around the town. It was originally known as Karlstadt ("Charles's Town" in German), after Archduke Charles II of Austria, upon whose orders construction began on July 13, 1579. The architect of the city was Matija Gambon.

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Kastav
Kastav (Italian: Castua) is a historical town located about 10 km northwest of Rijeka and about 5 km northeast of Opatija in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County in Croatia.
The total population of Kastav is 10,472 (census 2011).
The census of 2001 had recorded the following settlements:
Kastav was built on an isolated hill 378 meters above sea level. Its historic center, many parks and big forest are attractive to foreign visitors and hikers. The historic walled town contains a church dating from the 13th century which hosts an international music festival each summer.
The Kastav Statute (Croatian: Statut Grada Kastva) was written in 1400, and confirms the status of Croatian city Kastav as an administrative and political centre from the late 14th century.
Because of its unusual but good position Kastav has really hot summers and very cold winters; during the summer temperatures can rise to 37 °C, sometimes even more. In summer evenings Kastav wood is crowded with walkers who come for the fresh air in wood and of sport, athletes who have their summer break but want stay in good shape. In winter Kastav is one of the first places in the Kvarner region to become white with snow.

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Kaštela
Kaštela (pronounced [kǎʃtɛla]) is a series of seven towns in central Dalmatia, located northwest of Split, west of Solin and east of Trogir, in Croatia. They are part of the Split-Dalmatia county and are treated as a single city with a population of 38,474 (2011), although they are individually between 3,000 and 7,000 residents each.
The Kaštela (which is plural of Kaštel) include:
The Kastela Riviera is a fertile area, about 20 kilometres in length, featuring the first Roman floating docks and 50 places on the long, verdant area, northwest of Split. It is divided into Gornja (upper) and Donja Kastela (lower), and it consists of seven old and two relatively new settlements. The Kastela region with its Mediterranean tone, picturesque landscape and unique composition of natural environment attracted people since prehistoric times. From ancient Greek sailors, Roman patricians, Croatian kings, rulers, Venetian royals to the present sun and sea lovers, as well as mysterious legacies from the past^{[citation needed]}.

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Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary was a country in Central Europe covering what is today Hungary, Slovakia, Transylvania (now part of Romania), Carpatho Ruthenia (now part of Ukraine), Vojvodina (now part of Serbia), Burgenland (now part of Austria), and other smaller territories surrounding present-day Hungary's borders. From 1102 it also included Croatia (except Istria), being in personal union with it, united under the Hungarian king. The kingdom existed for almost one thousand years (1000–1918 and 1920–1946) and at various points was regarded as one of the cultural centers of the Western world.
The Latin Regnum Hungariae/Vngarie (Regnum meaning kingdom); Regnum Marianum (Kingdom of St. Mary); or simply Hungaria was the form used in official Latin documents from the beginning of the kingdom to the 1840s. The German name (Königreich Ungarn) was used from 1849 to the 1860s, and the Hungarian name (Magyar Királyság) was used in the 1840s, and again from the 1860s to 1918. The names in other languages of the kingdom were: Polish: Królestwo Węgier, Romanian: Regatul Ungariei, Croatian: Kraljevina Ugarska, Slovene: Kraljevina Ogrska, Czech: Uherské království, Slovak: Uhorské kráľovstvo, Italian (for the city of Fiume), Regno d'Ungheria.

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Knin
Knin (pronounced [knîːn]; Latin and medieval Hungarian: Tinin, Italian: Tenin, Serbian Cyrillic: Книн) is a historical town in the Šibenik-Knin county of Croatia, located near the source of the river Krka at 44°02′18″N 16°11′59″E / 44.03833°N 16.19972°E / 44.03833; 16.19972, in the Dalmatian hinterland, on the railroad Zagreb – Split. Knin rose to prominence twice in history, as a one-time capital of both the Kingdom of Croatia and briefly of the Republic of Serbian Krajina. The city is of extreme importance for infrastructural reasons, as the railroads from the rest of Dalmatia and its cities of Zadar, Split and Šibenik pass through Knin, going north to the capital city of Croatia, Zagreb.
In the vicinity of today's Knin was once a town called Burnum, which served as an Illyrian and Roman military camp in the 1st century BC.
Knin is mentioned for the first time in the 10th century in the history of Constantine Porphyrogenitus as the centre of a parish. A Croatian diocese of Knin was founded 1040 and its jurisdiction extended to the Drava river, with the "Croatian bishop" at its head.

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Koprivnica
Koprivnica (pronounced [kɔ̝̌priːv̞nit͡sa]) is a city in northern Croatia. It is the capital of the Koprivnica-Križevci county. In 2011 the city administrative area had a total population of 30,872, with 23,896 in the city itself. Area :90,94 km²
The list of settlements in the Koprivnica municipality is:
Koprivnica (German: Kopreinitz, Hungarian: Kapronca) is situated at a strategic location – on the slopes of Bilogora and Kalnik from the south and river Drava from the north. Its position enabled it to develop numerous functions for the wider area such as trade, crafts and administration and in the 13th century, Koprivnica became a town settlement. Koprivnica was named after the brook with the same name, which was first mentioned at the beginning of the 13th century during the Hungarian Kingdom.
Koprivnica has a history similar to nearby Varaždin: it was first mentioned in 1272 in a document by prince László IV and declared a free royal town by king Lajos I in 1356, and flourished as a trading place and a military fortress since.

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Kozloduy Island
Kozloduy Island (Bulgarian: остров Козлодуй, ostrov Kozloduy) is the second largest Bulgarian Danubian island (after Belene Island). Located opposite the town of Kozloduy, it is 7.5 km in length and between 0.5 and 1.6 km in width, with an area of 6.1 km².
The island raises 3-4 metre above the river and the flora consists of river poplar trees. Birds known to nest on the island include wild geese and wild ducks.
As the distance from the bank is 200 m, the island is only accessible by boat.
Coordinates: 43°47′34″N 23°43′48″E / 43.7927777778°N 23.73°E / 43.7927777778; 23.73

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Krapina
Krapina is a town in northern Croatia and the administrative centre of Krapina-Zagorje County with a population of 4,482 (2011) and a total municipality population of 12,479 (2011). Krapina is located in the hilly Zagorje region of Croatia, approximately 55 km (34 mi) away from both Zagreb and Varaždin.
The following settlements comprise the Krapina municipality:
In 1899, on a hill called Hušnjak near modern Krapina, the archaeologist and paleontologist Dragutin Gorjanović-Kramberger found over eight hundred fossil remains belonging to Neanderthals. Moreover, these fossil remains are said to exhibit traces of cannibalism and/or mortuary defleshing. At the site where the Neanderthals were discovered, there is now a park with many statues. These statues include a bear, moose, and a beaver.
Krapina has been known since 1193. It has always been a favourite site for castles and country houses of Croatian and Hungarian rulers.
Today it is a reasonably developed town, boasting its festival kajkavskih popevki sung in the local Kajkavian dialect of the Croatian language.

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Krems an der Donau
Krems is a town of 24110 inhabitants in Austria, in the federal state of Lower Austria. It is the fifth-largest city of Lower Austria and is approximately 70 kilometres (43 mi) west of Vienna. Krems is a city with its own statute (or Statutarstadt), and therefore it is both a municipality and a district.
Krems is located at the confluence of the Krems and Danube Rivers at the eastern end of Wachau valley, in the southern Waldviertel.
Krems borders the following municipalities: Stratzing, Langenlois, Rohrendorf bei Krems, Gedersdorf, Traismauer, Nußdorf ob der Traisen, Paudorf, Furth bei Göttweig, Mautern an der Donau, Dürnstein, and Senftenberg.
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Kutina
Kutina is a city in central Croatia, the largest settlement in the hilly region of Moslavina, in the Sisak-Moslavina county. The town proper has a population of 14,814 (2011), while the total municipality population is 22,815.
The settlement of Kutina was first mentioned in the historical records in 1256.
It is the industrial center of the region with petrochemical industry - Petrokemija d.d., electronic components production - SELK d.d., and a variety of smaller entrepreneurships. There is a long mass-media tradition in Kutina, with Moslavački list [local newspaper] and Radio Moslavina [local radio station]. The initial headquarters of the Nezavisna Televizija (NeT), a regional commercial TV station, were stationed in Voloder near Kutina.
Kutina is widely known for its active youth scene and the alternative-oriented club Baraka. The main attractions are Lonjsko polje nature park, baroque church of Saint Mary of the Snow, old wooden houses called Trijem (eng. Porch) or Čardak, hills of Moslavina with ruins of medieval "burgs".

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Labin
Labin (Italian: Albona) is a town in Istria, Croatia, with a town population of 6,884 (2011) and 11,703 in the greater municipality (which also includes the small towns of Rabac and Vinež, as well as a number of smaller villages, such as Crni).
Labin, an Italian speaking town in Istria, was, for long time, the center of Croatia's largest coalmining district, with four mines operated at its height of production. The mine in downtown Labin closed in the 1950s, while the last mine was closed down in 1989. The large, coal-fired power plant in nearby Plomin now has its coal imported from outside sources once the mines were closed.
The famous Lutheran reformer Matthias Flacius Illyricus (3 March 1520 – 11 March 1575), was born in Labin.

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Makarska
Makarska (Italian: Macarsca; German: Macharscha; Serbo-Croatian pronunciation: [mâkarskaː]) is a small town on the Adriatic coastline of Croatia, about 60 km (37 mi) southeast of Split and 140 km (87 mi) northwest of Dubrovnik. It has a population of 13,716 residents. Administratively Makarska has the status of a town and it is part of the Split-Dalmatia County.
It is a tourist centre, located on a horseshoe shaped bay between the Biokovo mountains and the Adriatic Sea. The city is noted for its palm-fringed promenade, where fashionable cafes, bars and boutiques overlook the pretty harbour where many pleasure craft are moored. Adjacent to the beach are several large capacity hotels as well as a camping ground.
The center of Makarska is an old town with narrow stone-paved streets, a main church square where there is a flower and fruit market, and a Franciscan monastery that houses a sea shell collection featuring a giant clam shell.
Makarska is the center of the Makarska Riviera, a popular tourist destination under the Biokovo mountain. It stretches for 60 km (37 mi) between the towns of Brela and Gradac. In the summertime tens of thousands of tourists flock to the area from Germany, Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Sweden, Slovenia, Hungary, Bosnia and Herzegovina as well as other countries.

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Margaret Island
Margaret Island (Hungarian: Margit-sziget) is a 2.5 km (1.6 mi) long island, 500 metres (550 yards) wide, (0.965 km² (225 acres) in area) in the middle of the Danube in central Budapest, Hungary. It belongs administratively to the 13th district. The island is mostly covered by landscape parks, and is a popular recreational area. Its medieval ruins are reminders of its importance in the Middle Ages as a religious centre. The island spans the area between the Margaret Bridge (south) and the Árpád Bridge (north).
Today's appearance was developed through the connection of three separate islands, the Festő, the Fürdő and the Nyulak, during the end of the 19th century, to control the flow of the Danube. Originally, the island was 102.5 metres above sea level, but now has been built up to 104.85 metres above sea level to control flooding
The island was called Nyulak szigete (English: Island of the Rabbits) in the Middle Ages, and it received its current name after Saint Margaret (1242–1270), the daughter of Béla IV of Hungary who lived in the Dominican convent on the island. Other names of the island were Nagyboldogasszony-sziget, Úr-sziget, Budai-sziget, Dunai-sziget, Nádor-sziget, Palatinus-sziget during different periods of its history. (The names mean Island of Our Lady, Island of Nobles, Buda Island, Danube Island, Palatine Island.)

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Markušica
Markušica (Hungarian: Márkusfalva, Serbian Cyrillic: Маркушица) is a village and a municipality in Vukovar-Syrmia County, Croatia.
The municipality have total area of 74.29 km2. River Vuka flows through the municipality and territory of the municipality is completely flat very fertile black soil. It is connected by D518 highway with rest of country.
There are 3,053 inhabitants, the majority of the population which are Serbs, who make up 90.76% of the population according to the 2001 population census.
Due to the local minority population, the Markušica municipality allows the use of not only Croatian as the official language, but the Serbian language and Serbian Cyrillic alphabet as well.
Markušica development index is less than 50% of the Croatian average, which classifies them into 10% of the poorest municipalities. Therefore, the municipality is part of the Areas of Special State Concern.
Markušica Municipality is famous for the monument dedicated to fallen soldier from World War II. Village have very unique monument of Soviet woman pilot from Red Army, who fought against the Nazis and whose plane was shot down here. The village also have an interesting Orthodox Church from 1810, church was damaged in the war in Croatia.

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Metković
Metković is a city in the Dubrovnik-Neretva county of Croatia, located in the southeast of the country, on the banks of the river Neretva and on the border with Herzegovina.
The total population of the city (municipality) is 16,929 inhabitants (2011), in the following settlements:
In the census of 2001, the absolute majority of its citizens (96.42%) were Croats.
The city was first mentioned in a 1422 court document as a small farming town. It remained this way until the nineteenth century. During this period the city found renewed investment from the country's Austrian rulers. With the arrival of the area's first post office and school, as well as the increase of trade with the Ottoman Empire, the city began to flourish. In 1875 Emperor Francis Joseph I visited the city.
Metković is located near the ancient Roman settlement of Narona (today Vid). Narona was established as a Roman trading post, after Rome's successful war (Illyrian Wars) with the neighboring Illyrian tribe Daors (ruins of their main city are located near Stolac), and successfully grew until the 3rd century AD. After that it went on a steady decline especially after a large 4th century AD earthquake. Upon the arrival of Slavonic tribes in the mid 6th century AD, the city of Narona was abandoned with most parts being covered under slit that was carried by the river Neretva. Only minor excavations were done, most of them being concentrated on location of Vid.

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Našice
Našice (pronounced Na-shi-tse) is a town in the Osijek-Baranja County of Croatia. It is located on the northern slopes of the Krndija mountain in eastern Slavonia, 51 km southwest of Osijek; elevation 157 m.
Našice is located on the D2 state road Varaždin–Virovitica–Našice–Osijek and the railroad Zagreb–Koprivnica–Osijek. Chief occupations are farming and angling on 11 km² of fishing ground. Major industries include metal processing, cement, (at Našice cement), the stone excavation. Also wood processing, textiles and food.
The city was first mentioned in 1229 under the name of Nekche. The town was a feudal property of the Pejačević family until 1945.
According to the census of 2001, there are 7,894 inhabitants in town, with 16,228 in the entire municipality. 87% of the population are Croats.
The municipality of Našice includes the following settlements:
Rich hunting grounds can be found in the immediate surroundings, and the fishpond Našička Breznica and Lake Lapovac offer fine angling opportunities. Slavonian cuisine and freshwater fish are a part of the gastronomic offerings of the town and its surroundings.

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Negoslavci
Negoslavci (Serbian Cyrillic: Негославци) is a village and a municipality in Vukovar-Syrmia County, Croatia.
Negoslavci municipality have total area of 21.21km2 and is the smallest member municipality of Joint Council of Municipalities. It is connected by D57 highway with rest of country.
Negoslavci village is mentioned in historical documents from the 15th century. The assumption is that there was also an ancient Roman settlement at this locality. During Austro-Hungarian administration, settlement of Negoslavci was the seat of the municipality, as was evidenced by the records from 1894. After World War II, the village was settled by the people from Bosnia and Herzegovina.
There are 1,466 inhabitants, the majority of the population which are Serbs, making up 96.58% of the population according to the 2001 population census. That this municipality makes the municipality with the largest percentage of that national minority in Croatia.
Due to the local minority population, the Negoslavci municipality allows the use of not only Croatian as the official language, but the Serbian language and Serbian Cyrillic alphabet as well.

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Nijemci
Nijemci is a village and a municipality in the Vukovar-Srijem county in Croatia.
In the 2001 census, there were 5,998 inhabitants in the municipality, 88.53% which were Croats. In the 2011 census, there were a total of 4,715 inhabitants in the municipality. The second largest ethnic group are Serbs who live mainly in two villages in the north of the municipality.
The village's name means "Germans" in Croatian. The root of the word "nijem" means "mute", and is a known Slavonic etymology for the name of the Germans.
Before World War II there was a substantial Danube Swabian minority resident here. The Communist regime of Josip Broz Tito expelled almost all of them at the end of World War II after 1945.
In villages Šidski Banovci and Vinkovački Banovci, along with Croatian which is officiall in the whole country, as a second official language has been introduced Serbian language and Serbian Cyrillic..
Municipality is located in historical regions of Syrmia. Municipality total area is 224.68 km2. Rivers Spačva i Bosut flows through the municipality. The territory of the municipality is completely flat very fertile black soil.

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Nova Gradiška
Nova Gradiška is a city located in the Brod-Posavina County of Croatia, population 14,196 (2011). It is located in the historic region of Slavonia, near the border to Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The first word in the name means New, and there's also an Old Gradiška nearby, the town of Stara Gradiška.
Nova Gradiška is often referred to as The Youngest City.
The city of Nova Gradiška was founded in 1748 as an outpost in the Military Frontier and was first named Friedrichsdorf in German. Already in 1750 it was renamed to Neu-Gradischka which later became Nova Gradiška in Croatian language. The Hungarian name is Újgradiska.
The first building constructed was the church of Saint Tereza, which is an important monument of baroque architecture in Slavonija. The old core of the town comprises the church of Saint Terezija and the old court and prison from the 18th century.
The town is located near the Croatian most important railway line frequently served by passenger trains. The highway A3 is also passing nearby. Highway and railway are part of the Pan European corridor X. Bus traffic within the town as also suburban traffic is very well developed. There are also direct connections to Požega and nearby crossing to Bosnia and Herzegovina is in the vicinity of a few kilometers.

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Novi Marof
Novi Marof (Kajkavian: Nuovi Narof) is a town in north-western Croatia, located south of Varaždin and east of Ivanec, in the Varaždin county.
The population of the municipality is 13,238 (census 2011), distributed in the following settlements:
The town has memorial markers to:
Coordinates: 46°10′N 16°20′E / 46.167°N 16.333°E / 46.167; 16.333

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Novi Sad
Novi Sad (Serbian Cyrillic: Нови Сад, pronounced [nɔ̝̂v̞iː sâːd] ( listen)) is the second largest city in Serbia, capital of the northern Serbian province of Vojvodina, and the administrative centre of the South Bačka District.
According to preliminary results of the latest census in Serbia conducted in October 2011, the urban area of Novi Sad has a population of 221,854, while its municipal area has a population of 335,701. It is located in the southern part of Pannonian Plain, on the border of the Bačka and Srem regions, on the banks of the Danube river and Danube-Tisa-Danube Canal, facing the northern slopes of Fruška Gora mountain.
The city was founded in 1694, when Serb merchants formed a colony across the Danube from the Petrovaradin fortress, a Habsburg strategic military post. In the 18th and 19th centuries, it became an important trading and manufacturing centre, as well as a centre of Serbian culture of that period, earning the nickname Serbian Athens. The city was heavily devastated in the 1848 Revolution, but it was subsequently restored. During the city's long history, it has maintained its multi-cultural identity, with Serbs, Hungarians and Germans being the main ethnic groups. Today, Novi Sad is an industrial and financial centre of the Serbian economy, as well as a major cultural hub.

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Novska
Novska is a town in Croatian Slavonia, located between Kutina and Nova Gradiška, southeast of the capital, Zagreb. It has a total population of 13,573 in the following settlements:
In the 2001 census, 89.52% (12,813) of the population were Croats and 5.72% (818) were Serbs.
Novska is the middle point on the railroad Zagreb-Vinkovci. It is known for its steel elbow factory, Metaflex.

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Nuštar
Nuštar is a village in eastern Croatia, located northeast of Vinkovci and west of Vukovar, on the route D55. The population of Nuštar is 3,639, with a total of 5,772 people in the municipality, which also includes the nearby villages of Cerić and Marinci (census 2011). 90.79% declare themselves Croats (census 2001).
The name Nuštar comes from monasterium, because a Benedictine monastery of the Holy Spirit existed there in 1263. The nobleman Nikola Berzeta acquired the estate in the 14th century, and in the 15th century it was owned by the Gorjanski family. A castle that was owned by the Khuen-Belassy family was expanded and had a church built within it in the 18th century. This church was renovated during the 19th century and the castle is now surrounded by a park.
Nuštar suffered major damage during the Croatian War of Independence, when it was surrounded by the rebel Serb forces and often shelled. When Vukovar fell in the Battle of Vukovar, Nuštar was the main extraction point for survivors and the village itself became surrounded from three directions. The parish church of the Holy Spirit suffered extensive damage in the war, which has since been repaired.

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Ogulin
Ogulin (pronounced [ôɡuliːn]) is a town in north-western Croatia, in Karlovac County. It has a population of 8,712 (2001), and a total municipal population of 15,054 (2001). Ogulin is known for its historic stone castle Kula, and the nearby mountain of Klek.
Ogulin's history dates back to the 15th century, where it struggled against the Ottoman Turks.The exact timing of the building of the Ogulin tower has not been established. However, a document issued by Bernardin Frankopan in his town of Modruš at around 1500 A.D. mentioned the borders between Modruš and Vitunj, and this is, at the same time, the first historical mention of Ogulin. Ogulin was named Julija's town on the first geographical map of Croatia, made by the Jesuit cartographer Stjepan Glavač in 1673. Julija's Town is known for the legend of Đula who threw herself into the abyss of the River Dobra because of an unhappy love affair. There is also an explanation for the name of Ogulin. The surrounding woods needed to be cleared for the better defence of the town, so Ogulin received its name because of the resulting bare area ("ogolio" in Croatian) around it. Another explanation speaks also about the name of Ogulin. There were a lot of lime-trees along the road from Ogulin towards Oštarije, and the people used to peel the bark. in order to get bass. Ogulin this time got its name from the verb to peel ("guliti" in Croatian). However, none of these is scientifically confirmed. In the 16th century, it became a military stronghold against the Ottomans.

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Omiš
Coordinates: 43°26′N 16°41′E / 43.433°N 16.683°E / 43.433; 16.683
Omiš (pronounced [ɔ̌miːʃ]) is a town and port in the Dalmatia region of Croatia, and is a municipality in the Split-Dalmatia County. The town is situated approximately 25 km (16 mi) south-east of Croatia's second largest city, Split. Its location is where the emerald-green Cetina River meets the Adriatic Sea (Croatian: Jadransko More). Omiš has a population of 15,800 and its area is 266 km² (103 m²).
It is supposed that name of this city, Omiš, developed from Slavic Holm, Hum as translation from Illyrian - Greek word Onaion, Oneon, in meaning "hill" or "place on the hill", but there is also possibility that name of the settlement Onaeum was derived from the name of river which was called Nestos by the Greek colonists in its lower flow, during Antiquity.
Latin names during Ancient Rome were Onaeum, Oeneum, Alminium, and Almissum, during Medieval name was recorded as Olmissium, Almiyssium and from the end of the 15th century, when the city fell to authority of Venetian Republic it was Italian: Almissa.

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Opatija
Opatija (pronounced [ɔpǎtija]; German: Sankt Jakobi; Italian: Abbazia) is a town in western Croatia, just southwest of Rijeka on the Adriatic coast. As of 2001^[update], the town proper had a population of 7,850, with the municipality having a total 12,719 inhabitants.
Opatija is situated in the Gulf of Kvarner in a sheltered position at the foot of Učka mountain, with Vojak peak at 1401 m. Opatija is located 90 km from Trieste by rail and 82 km from Pula by road. The city is geographically on the Istrian peninsula, though it is not in Istria county, but Primorje-Gorski Kotar county.
It is a popular summer and winter resort, with average temperatures of 10 °C in winter, and 25 °C in summer. Opatija is surrounded by beautiful woods of bay laurel. The whole sea-coast to the north and south of Opatija is rocky and picturesque, and contains several smaller winter resorts.
Opatija is included in the territory of the Liburni, a pre-Roman Illyrian people. In Roman times, the area was home to several patrician villas connected to the nearby town of Castrum Laureana, the modern Lovran.

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Osijek
Osijek (Croatian: Osijek, Croatian pronunciation: [ɔ̂sijɛ̝ːk]) is the fourth largest city in Croatia with a population of 128,095 in 2011. It is the largest city and the economic and cultural centre of the eastern Croatian region of Slavonia, as well as the administrative centre of Osijek-Baranja county. Osijek is located on the right bank of the river Drava, 25 kilometres (16 mi) upstream of its confluence with the Danube, at an elevation of 94 metres (308 ft).
The name was given to the city due to its position on elevated ground which prevented the city being flooded by the local swamp waters. Its name Osijek comes from the Croatian word "oseka" which means "ebb tide".
Due to its past and its history within the Habsburg Monarchy and briefly in the Ottoman Empire and also due to the presence of German and Hungarian minorities throughout its history, Osijek also has (or had) its names in other languages, notably Hungarian: Eszék, German: Esseg or Essegg, Latin: Mursa, Turkish: Ösek. Also spelled Esgek. All those names were adjusted variations to the original Croatian given name. In Roman times Osijek was called Mursa Maior, but its official Roman name was Colonia Aelia Mursa, as it was established by emperor Hadrian.

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Pančevo
Pančevo (Serbian Cyrillic: Панчево, pronounced [pâːnt͡ʃe̞v̞ɔ̝]) is a city and municipality located in the southern part of Serbian province of Vojvodina, 15 km northeast from Belgrade. In 2011, the city had a total population of 73,992, while municipality of Pančevo had 122,252 inhabitants. It is the administrative center of the South Banat District of Serbia. Pančevo is also the most important port on the Tamiš river, which flows near the city.
In Serbian, the town is known as Pančevo (Панчево), in Hungarian as Pancsova, in Turkish as Pançova, in German as Pantschowa, in Romanian as Panciova, in Slovak as Pánčevo, and in Rusyn as Панчево (Pančevo).
8th century BC ornitho-morphic fibulae was found in the town.
The first historical record mentioning the town is from 1153 book of "Idrisia" when it was a mercantile harbour. The city was populated by Serbs and was administered by the Bulgarian Empire in the 9th and 11th century and later by the Kingdom of Hungary, until the 16th century, when it became part of the Ottoman Empire. During the Ottoman rule, the city was part of the Ottoman Province of Temeşvar and was a large settlement mostly populated by ethnic Serbs.

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Petrinja
Petrinja is a city in central Croatia near Sisak in the historic region of Banovina. The city belongs to Sisak-Moslavina County (Sisačko-moslavačka županija).
The name of Petrinja has its roots in Latin petrus, meaning "stone". It is said that the town existed in Roman era in the area of Zrinska Gora, which is very rich in stone.
West of Petrinja is Petrova gora (Peter's mountain), site of the 1097 Battle of Gvozd Mountain between King Petar Svačić of Croatia and Coloman of Hungary.
The first written trace of Petrinja as an inhabited settlement is the one about the benefits awarded to the inhabitants of Petrinja by the Slavonian duke Koloman in 1240. This old medieval Petrinja belongs to the time of warring with the Turks. In 1592, Petrinja was given a new location with the construction and building of a Turkish fortress at the confluence of the Petrinjčica and the Kupa rivers. The fortress was to serve the Turks in conquering Sisak, Turopolje and Zagreb.
On August 10, 1594, the fortress was first liberated by the Croatian army. Therefore, August 10 has become the day of gratitude towards God and St. Lawrence, and this saint has been chosen for the patron saint of the parish and the town of Petrinja. Over the time, Petrinja has increasingly become the place of the settlement for many craftsmen and merchants whose arrival marks the beginning of the town's development.

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Pleternica
Pleternica is a town in the region of Slavonia, Croatia, 12 km (7.5 mi) southeast of Požega, in the Požega Valley (Požeška kotlina). The population of the municipality is 11,286, with 3,443 in Pleternica itself (2011).
Pleternica is located at the confluence of the river Londža into the Orljava river, at the foot of the mountain Požeška Gora; elevation 153 m (502 ft).
The place was first mentioned in 1270 under the name Sveti Nikola (St. Nicholas); the first mention under the present name was in 1427.
A small town at the railway junction and the intersection of several roads meets the requirements of transit tourism. The folklore event Lidas traditionally takes place in Pleternica.
The Orljava and the Londža rivers provide angling opportunities. A nice waterfall on the Orljava river near Pleternica is a famous angling and excursion destination.
As of 2011^[update] the municipality consists of 38 settlements:
Coordinates: 45°17′N 17°48′E / 45.283°N 17.8°E / 45.283; 17.8

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Ploče
Ploče (pronounced [plɔ̂tʃɛ]; Italian: Porto Tòlero) is a town and a notable seaport in the Dubrovnik-Neretva County of Croatia.
Ploče is located on the Adriatic coast in Dalmatia just north of the Neretva Delta and is as such the natural seaside endpoint of most north-south routes through the central Dinaric Alps. This makes it the primary seaport used by Bosnia and Herzegovina and the endpoint of the Pan-European corridor 5C.
Čeveljuša is a toponym in Ploče, located to the east of the town, on the intersection of the D8 highway and the D425.
Ploče was named Kardeljevo after the Yugoslav politician Edvard Kardelj between 1950 and 1954 and again between 1980 and 1990.
The locals call their city Ploča.
The total population of Ploče is 10,102 (2011), in the following settlements:
In the 2001 census, the majority of its citizens were Croats at 95.12%.
The Port of Ploče was first mentioned on 6 November 1387, but the building of a larger port was done in recent modern times. Work on the present day harbour first began in 1939 but was destroyed during World War II. It was rebuilt in 1945 and the village of Ploče grew up to 480 inhabitants in 1948. After the Adriatic road and Neretva railway lines were built to the port in the mid-1960s, the town experienced a steady growth.

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Poreč
Poreč (Italian: Parenzo; Latin: Parens or Parentium; archaic German: Parenz; Ancient Greek: Παρενθος, Pàrenthos) is a town and municipality on the western coast of the Istrian peninsula, in Istria County, Croatia. Its major landmark is the 6th century Euphrasian Basilica, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1997.
Poreč is almost 2,000 years old, and is set around a harbor protected from the sea by the small island of Saint Nicholas/San Nicolo (St. Nicholas). The town's population of approximately 12,000 resides mostly on the outskirts, while the wider Poreč area has a population of approximately 17,000 inhabitants. The municipal area covers 142 km², with the 37 km long shoreline stretching from the Mirna River near Novigrad to Funtana and Vrsar in the south.
The area has been inhabited since prehistoric times. During the 2nd century BC, Roman Castrum was built on a tiny peninsula with approximate dimensions of 400 × 200 m (1,312.34 ft × 656.17 ft) where the town centre is now. During the reign of Emperor Augustus in the 1st century, it officially became a city and was part of the Roman colony of Colonia Iulia Parentium. In the 3rd century the settlement had an organized Christian community with an early-Christian complex of sacral buildings. The earliest basilica contained the remains of and was dedicated to Saint Maurus of Parentium and dates back to the second half of the 4th century. The floor mosaic from its oratory, originally part of a large Roman house, is still preserved in the garden of the Euphrasian Basilica.

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Pula
Pula (pronounced [pǔːla]; Latin: Colonia Pietas Iulia Pola Pollentia Herculanea; Italian: Pola; Istro-Romanian: Pola; Chakavian: Pulj, German: Polei, Slovene: Pulj) is the largest city in Istria County, Croatia, situated at the southern tip of the Istria peninsula, with a population of 62,080 (2006). Like the rest of the region, it is known for its mild climate, smooth sea, and unspoiled nature. The city has a long tradition of winemaking, fishing, shipbuilding, and tourism. Pula has also been Istria's administrative center since ancient Roman times.
Pula is the largest city in Istria county, with a metropolitan area of 90,000 people. The city itself has 62,080 residents (2005), while the metropolitan area includes Barban (2,802 residents), Fažana (3,050 residents), Ližnjan (2,945 residents), Marčana (3,903 residents), Medulin (6,004 residents), Svetvinčenat (2,218 residents) and Vodnjan (5,651 residents).
Its population density is 1,093.27 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,831.6 /sq mi), ranking Pula fifth in Croatia.

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Rijeka
Rijeka (Croatian: Rijeka, Croatian pronunciation: [rijɛ̌ːka]; Italian: Fiume) is the principal seaport and the third largest city in Croatia (after Zagreb and Split). It is located on Kvarner Bay, an inlet of the Adriatic Sea and has a population of 128,735 inhabitants (2011). The conurbation, which includes adjacent towns and municipalities of Opatija, Lovran, Mošćenička Draga, Matulji, Kastav, Viškovo, Klana, Kostrena, Čavle, Jelenje, Bakar, and Kraljevica has a population of 213,842 (2011).
Historically, because of its strategic position and its excellent deep-water Port of Rijeka, the city was fiercely contested, especially between Italy, Hungary, and Croatia, changing hands and demographics many times over centuries. According to the 2001 census data, the overwhelming majority of its citizens (80.39%) are Croats, with Serbs coming in second (6.21%). The Croatian, Slovene and Italian version of the city's name mean river in each of the languages.
Rijeka is the center of Primorje-Gorski Kotar County in Croatia. The city's economy largely depends on shipbuilding (shipyards "3. Maj" and "Viktor Lenac") and maritime transport. Rijeka hosts the Croatian National Theatre "Ivan pl. Zajc", first built in 1765, as well as the University of Rijeka, founded in 1973 but with roots dating back to 1632.

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Rovinj
Rovinj (Istriot: Ruvèigno or Ruveîgno; Italian: Rovigno) is a city in Croatia situated on the north Adriatic Sea with a population of 13,562 (2007). It is located on the western coast of the Istrian peninsula and is a popular tourist resort and an active fishing port. Istriot, a Romance language once widely spoken in this part of Istria, is still spoken by some of the residents. There is a centre of History Research which is an institution of the Council of Europe.
Rovinj is one of nine towns in Istrian County. The climate is Mediterranean. The average temperature is 4.8 °C (40.6 °F) in January and 22.3 °C (72.1 °F) in July. The average annual temperature is 16 °C (60.8 °F). Sea temperature is more than 20 °C (68 °F) from the middle of June to the middle of September. The average annual sea temperature is 16.6 °C (61.9 °F).
From the middle of May to the middle of September the sun shines more than 10 hours a day. The rainfall averages 941 mm a year. The average humidity is 72%. Vegetation is subtropical.

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Samobor
Samobor (pronounced [sâmɔ̝bɔ̝ːr]) is a city in Zagreb County, Croatia. It is part of the Zagreb metropolitan area.
Samobor is located west of Zagreb, between the eastern slopes of the Samobor hills (Croatian: Samoborsko gorje), the eastern part of Žumberak Mountain, in the Sava River valley.
In the 2011 Croatian census, the total population of the administrative territory of Samobor was 37,607, distributed in the following settlements:
The city government, court, police, health service, and a post office are part of the Samobor infrastructure.
Samobor has existed as a free royal town since 1242, according to a document of endowment by King Bela IV.
One of the chief industries in Samobor is crystal cutting, acclaimed in Europe and all over the world.
Many well-known Croats were born or lived in Samobor. Such notable personalities are:
Samobor is one of the earliest tourist resorts in the region, with the first tourist facilities dating back to 1810, catering to anglers, hunters and hikers. The town's beautiful surroundings and vicinity to the capital have supported this tourist tradition to the present day. In 1846, Samobor was paid a visit by the composer Franz Liszt, who at that time was visiting Zagreb during one of his numerous concert tours. Liszt came to Samobor to see his friend Ferdo Livadić, in his lodgings at the Livadić mansion, which is today the town museum. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Livadić mansion came under the ownership of a Jewish family named Daničić. They were forced to leave as a result of the Nazi invasion in 1941. Shortly after this, the mansion was confiscated by the newly formed Independent State of Croatia and never returned to the Daničić family.

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Serbia
Serbia ⁱ/ˈsɜrbiə/, officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian: Република Србија / Republika Srbija, pronounced [rɛpǔblika sř̩bija]), is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans. Serbia borders Hungary to the north; Romania and Bulgaria to the east; the Republic of Macedonia to the south; and Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro to the west; additionally, it borders Albania through Kosovo, whose status as part of Serbia is disputed. Serbia covers an area of 88,361 km² and has a population of just over 7.1 million, while the capital and largest city is Belgrade.
The arrival of the Serbs to the Balkans in the 7th century, established several states, eventually forming the Serbian Empire in the 14th century. By the 16th century, Serbia was conquered and occupied by the Ottoman Empire, at times interrupted by the Habsburgs. In the early 19th century the Serbian revolution re-established the country as the region's first constitutional monarchy, which subsequently expanded its territory and pioneered the abolition of feudalism in the Balkans. The former Habsburg crownland of Vojvodina united with Serbia in 1918. Following World War I, Serbia formed Yugoslavia with other South Slavic peoples which existed in several forms up until 2006, when the National Assembly of Serbia declared independence and the legal succession to the former State Union. In February 2008 the parliament of UNMIK-governed Kosovo, Serbia's southern province, declared independence, with mixed responses from international governments.

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Sinj
Sinj (pronounced [sîːɲ]) is a town in the continental part of Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia. The town itself has a population of 11,448, while the population of the administrative municipality which includes surrounding villages is 24,832 (2011).
Sinj is the center of an area known as Cetinska krajina, a group of settlements situated on a fertile karstic field (Sinjsko polje) through which the river Cetina passes. Sinj lies between four mountains: Svilaja, Dinara, Kamešnica and Visoka. Those mountains give Sinj its specific submediterranean climate (hotter summers and colder winters).
The town grew around an ancient fortress held by the Ottomans from 16th until the end of 17th century, and the Franciscan monastery with the church of Our Lady of Sinj (Gospa Sinjska), a place of pilgrimage.
The anniversary of the last victory over the Ottoman army in 1715 is celebrated yearly in the beginning of August by Sinjska alka, an equestrian competition in which ceremonially dressed horsemen try to hit a small ring (alka) with their lance while galloping.

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Sisak
Sisak (pronounced [sǐːsak]) is a city in central Croatia. The city's population in 2011 was 33,049, with a total of 49,699 in the administrative region and it is also the administrative centre of the Sisak-Moslavina county. Sisak is located at the confluence of the Kupa, Sava, and Odra rivers, 57 km (35 mi) southeast of the Croatian capital Zagreb.
Prior to the invasion by the Roman Empire, the region was Celtic and the city there was named Segestica.
In German the town is known as Sissek, in Hungarian as Sziszek, Latin as Siscia, in Serbian Cyrillic as Сисак, and in Slovene as Sisek
Sisak is usually considered to be where the Posavina (Sava basin) begins, with an elevation of 99 m.
Sisak is Croatia's biggest river port and a centre of river shipping industry (Dunavski Lloyd). Sisak lies on the main road Zagreb-Sisak-Petrinja (M12.2) and the railroad Zagreb-Sisak-Sunja.
The long history of urban life here (around 2,500 years) as well the extremely favourable position on the confluence of three rivers, (the Sava, the Kupa and the Odra), have made Sisak an important town in the history of Croatia.

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Slavonski Brod
Slavonski Brod (Croatian pronunciation: [slǎv̞ɔ̝ːnskiː brɔ̝̂ːd]) is a city in Croatia, with a population of 59,507 in 2011. The city was known as Marsonia in the Roman Empire, and as Brod na Savi 1244–1934. It is the sixth largest city in Croatia, after Zagreb, Split, Rijeka, Osijek and Zadar. Located in the region of Slavonia, it is the centre of Brod-Posavina County, and a river port on the Sava river. It is 197 km southeast of Zagreb and at an elevation of 96 m. Although 'brod' is the word 'ship' in modern Croatian, the city's name bears witness to an older meaning - 'water crossing', 'ford'. In 2009, the city was awarded "The most beautiful city in Croatia" award, given annually by the Croatian National Tourist Board. Across the Sava lies the city of Brod, Bosnia and Herzegovina, also known as Bosanski Brod.
The city developed at the strategically important crossing over the Sava river towards Brod in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is an important intersection of the Posavina part of the highway and a railway junction, since it is located on the highway linking Zagreb–Lipovac–Belgrade (E70, A3) and the Zagreb–Vinkovci–Belgrade railway. The ship port 'Brod' on the Sava river is under construction.

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Smederevo
Smederevo (Serbian Cyrillic: Смедерево, pronounced [smêderevo]) is a city and municipality in Serbia, on the right bank of the Danube, about 40 km downstream of the capital Belgrade. According to official results of the 2011 census, the city has a population of 107,528. It is the administrative center of the Podunavlje District.
Its history starts in the 1st century BC, with the conquerings of the Roman Empire, when there existed a town called Vinceia. The modern city traces its roots back to the late Middle Ages when it was the capital (1430–1439 and 1444–1459) of the last independent Serbian state before the Ottoman conquest.
In Serbian, the city is known as Smederevo (Смедерево), in Latin, Romanian and Greek as Semendria, in Hungarian as Szendrő or Vég-Szendrő, in Turkish as Semendire.
In the 7th millennium BC, the Starčevo culture existed for a millennia, succeeded by the 6th millennium BC Vinča culture that prospered in the region.
The Paleo-Balkan tribes of Dacians and Thracians emerged in the area in the 2nd millennia BC, with the Celtic Scordisci raiding the Balkans in the 3rd century BC.

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Sotin
Sotin is a village in eastern Croatia, located a few kilometers southeast of Vukovar by the Danube. It is administratively part of the city of Vukovar, and its population is 969 (census 2001). The post code for Sotin is 32232 Sotin.
A witness reported to the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia's Committee for Compiling Data on Crimes Against Humanity and International Law that in June 1991, the restaurants "Kornakum" and "Zrmanja" and houses of several other ethnic Serbs were destroyed by Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ) members.^{[unreliable source?]}
Coordinates: 45°17′42″N 19°05′49″E / 45.295°N 19.097°E / 45.295; 19.097

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Stari Jankovci
Stari Jankovci is a village in Vukovar-Syrmia County, Croatia, population 1,769 (2001), total municipality population 5,216 (2001), with 69.50% Croats and 23.24% Serbs.
The village is located to the northeast of the main road and railway route Vinkovci-Tovarnik-Šid. The name means Old Jankovci, while to the southwest there is a smaller village of Novi Jankovci, meaning New Jankovci.
During the Croatian War of Independence, the village was occupied by the rebel Serbs in 1991. The parish church of Blessed Virgin Mary, built in 1780 with a notable Baroque-Classical main altar, was severely damaged.

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Stari Mikanovci
Stari Mikanovci is a village in eastern Croatia, located west of Vinkovci and east of Đakovo. The population of Stari Mikanovci municipality is 3,387, of which 2,710 is in Stari Mikanovci itself and another 677 in the adjacent village of Novi Mikanovci. Stari Mikanovci means Old Mikanovci, while Novi Mikanovci means New Mikanovci. 98.79% declare themselves Croats.
The village was a fief of the Order of St. John between the 13th and 15th century, and after that owned by the noble families Horvat and Gorjanski. During the Ottoman wars in the region, after the Turks were pushed back, Mikanovci was owned by the Diocese of Đakovo, and the village of Novi Mikanovci was built by the administration of the Military Frontier. The parish church of St. Claire in Stari Mikanovci is dated 1810; the church of St. Bartholomew in Novi Mikanovci is from the early 13th century, and was once at the cemetery of the old Mikanovci.
The people live 2 naselja:

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Sveti Ivan Zelina
Sveti Ivan Zelina is a town in the Zagreb county, Croatia.
Sveti Ivan Zelina is north-east from Zagreb, connected:
In the 2011 Croatian census, the total population of the administrative territory of Sveti Ivan Zelina was 15,990, divided in the following settlements:
From 1947 to 1990, during the communist regime, the town was known as Zelina.
Iskra company is one of the most important companies in Sveti Ivan Zelina.
Elementary and high-school are in Sveti Ivan Zelina.
The wine-house is at the central square of Sveti Ivan Zelina.
There is swimming pool in Sveti Ivan Zelina.
Coordinates: 45°53′N 16°26′E / 45.883°N 16.433°E / 45.883; 16.433

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Syrmia County
Syrmia County (Croatian: Srijemska županija; Serbian: Sremska županija / Сремска жупанија; Hungarian: Szerém vármegye; German: Komitat Syrmien) was a historic administrative subdivision (županija) of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia, Kingdom of Hungary, Austria-Hungary. Croatia-Slavonia was an autonomous kingdom within the Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen (Transleithania), the Hungarian part of the dual Austro-Hungarian Empire. The territory of the County is currently in eastern Croatia (smaller western part) and north-western Serbia (larger eastern part). The name Syrmia (Serbian: Srem, Croatian: Srijem) is still used for the corresponding regions in Croatia and Serbia. The capital of the county was Vukovar.
Syrmia County shared borders with other Croatian-Slavonian counties of Požega and Virovitica, the Austro-Hungarian land of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Kingdom of Serbia, and the Hungarian counties of Bács-Bodrog and Torontál. The County stretched along the right (southern) bank of the river Danube and the left (northern) bank of the river Sava, down to their confluence. Its area was 6,866 km² around 1910.

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Tompojevci
Tompojevci (Rusyn: томпоєвци) is a village and municipality in the Vukovar-Srijem County in Croatia. According to the 2001 census, there are 1,999 inhabitants in the municipality.
Ethnic groups in the municipality include (2001 census): [1]
Municipality contains the villages of Berak, Bokšić, Čakovci, Grabovo, Mikluševci and Tompojevci.
Mayor of the municipality is Zdravko Galović, and head of TNTl office is Tomislav Panenić.
In the Municipality of Tompojevci for the territory of the settlement of Mikluševci, where Rusyns make up the majority of the population (of the total of 486 inhabitants 359 are Rusyns), equal use of the Rusyn language has been introduced by the Statute of the Municipality of Tompojevci, and for the settlement of Čakovci in the same Municipality, where Hungarians make up the majority of the population, equal use of the Hungarian language and script has been introduced.

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Tordinci
Tordinci is a village and a municipality in the Vukovar-Srijem County in Croatia. According to the 2001 census, there are 2,251 inhabitants, 75.88% Croat and 18% Hungarian.
The settlements in the municipality are:
In the Croatian War of Independence Serb forces destroyed the bell-towers of a Catholic parish in the village of Tordinci by artillery fire. In 2008 the towers were restored.

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Tovarnik
Tovarnik is a municipality in the Vukovar-Syrmia County in Croatia. According to the 2001 census, there are 3,335 inhabitants, 90.61% which are Croats. The municipality is part of Syrmia. It is the birthplace of great Croatian poet Antun Gustav Matoš.
Municipality is located in historical regions of Syrmia. Municipality total area is 64.56 km2. The territory of the municipality is completely flat very fertile black soil.
Tovarnik municipality has a moderately warm and rainy continental climate as defined by the Köppen climate classification. Due to the influence of continentality temperature differences within one year are more pronounced than in the rest of country.
Settlements Ilača and Tovarnik comprise the Tovarnik municipality:

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Trogir
Trogir (Latin: Tragurium ; Greek: Τραγύριον or Τραγούριον,Trogkir; Italian: Traù; Hungarian: Trau) is a historic town and harbour on the Adriatic coast in Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia, with a population of 12,995 (2001) and a total municipality population of 13,322 (2001). The historic city of Trogir is situated on a small island between the Croatian mainland and the island of Čiovo. It lies 27 kilometres west of the city of Split.
Since 1997, the historic centre of Trogir has been included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites.
In the 3rd century BC, Tragurion was founded by Greek colonists from the island of Vis, and it developed into a major port until the Roman period. The name comes from the Greek "tragos" (male goat). Similarly, the name of the neighbouring island of Bua comes from the Greek "voua" (herd of cattle). The sudden prosperity of Salona deprived Trogir of its importance. During the migration of Slavs the citizens of the destroyed Salona escaped to Trogir. From the 9th century on, Trogir paid tribute to Croatian rulers. The diocese of Trogir was established in the 11th century (abolished in 1828; it is now part of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Split-Makarska) and in 1107 it was chartered by the Hungarian-Croatian king Coloman, gaining thus its autonomy as a town.

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Trpinja
Trpinja is a village and municipality in the Vukovar-Syrmia County in eastern Croatia.
On the territory of Trpinja municipality, along with Croatian which is officiall in the whole country, as a second official language has been introduced Serbian language and Serbian Cyrillic alphabet. In Serbian Cyrillic village is known as Трпиња, and in Hungarian as Terpenye.
Villages Trpinja, Bobota and Vera share common legend about origin of their names. According to legend ancestors of today's inhabitants of villages who settled in Great Serb Migrations under Arsenije III Čarnojević were called Bobe. They were fleeing from Ottoman Empire conquest to preserve their faith. Therefore was formed local phrase which says Bobe suffer for faith or in serbian Bobe trpiše za veru. From word Bobe was created name Bobota, from word suffer (serbian:trpiti) was created name Trpinja and from word faith (serbian:vera) was created name of village Vera.
Another story tells that name Trpinja originated from landowner Trpimir who owned land in the vicinity.

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Tulcea
Tulcea (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈtult͡ʃe̯a]; Bulgarian, Russian and Ukrainian: Тулча, Tulcha; Greek: Aegyssus, Turkish: Hora-Tepé or Tolçu) is a city in Dobrogea, Romania. It is the administrative center of Tulcea county, and has a population of 92,379 as of 2007. One village, Tudor Vladimirescu, is administered by the city.
Tulcea was founded in the 7th century BC^{[citation needed]} under the name of Aegyssus, mentioned in the documents of Diodorus of Sicily (3rd century BC). In his Ex Ponto, Ovid recorded a local tradition that ascribed its name to a mythical founder, Aegisos the Caspian.
After the fights from 12-15 B.C., the Romans conquered the town. They rebuilt it after their plans, their technique and architectural vision, reorganizing it. The fortified town was mentioned as late as the 10th century, in documents such as Notitia Episcopatuum or De Thematibus.
Under Byzantine rule beginning with the 5th century CE, the town was abandoned by the first half of the 7th century due to the Barbarian invasions. The former settlement's territory fell under the rule of the Bulgarian Empire (681-c.1000; 1185-14th century). Inhabitation was restored in the second half of the 10th century, as the Byzantines built a fortress on the spot after reconquering the region. The fortress was soon destroyed in 1064 by an attack of the Uzes, however some inhabitation continued. A settlement, larger than the one in the 11th century, is archaeologically attested beginning with the 14th century. The Ottoman rule was imposed around 1420, and would last for the following four centuries.

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Umag
Umag (Croatian pronunciation: [ûmaɡ]; Italian: Umago) is a coastal city in Istria, Croatia. The city hosts the yearly Croatia Open ATP tennis tournament on clay courts.
It is the westernmost city of Croatia, and the municipality includes Savudrija which is westernmost point of Croatia.
Umag has a population of 7,769 (2001), total municipal population 12,901 (2001). Like many other towns in Istria, Umag has a multi-ethnic population. Croats comprise an absolute majority with 59.6%; Italians 18.3%, Serbs 3.8%, Slovenes 2.2%, Bosniaks 1.7%, Albanians 1.3% and those regionally declared (as Istrians) make up the final 1.57%.
Umag was mentioned for the first time in the 7th century by an anonymous citizen from Ravenna, but had already existed in Roman times. Proof of that is found in the numerous remains of Roman retreats, the so-called villa rustica uncovered all along the coast. The town's history is closely linked to the settlement of Sipar whose ruins can be found on the narrow cape, six kilometres north of Umag. In the 9th century the fortified settlement of Sipar was devastated by invaders, the Neretva pirates. However, after this unfortunate incident Umag grew in significance thanks also to its location, a small islet separated from the mainland with a narrow channel. It was actually this location to safeguard the settlement from the continuous invasions throughout the centuries. The Roman period of relative prosperity was substituted by one of insecurity caused primarily by frequent invasions, outbreaks of plague, cholera, and malaria. The number of its dwellers declined rapidly. Umag became part of the reigns of Odoacre, Theodoric and was ruled by the Longobards too.

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University of Osijek
The Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek (Croatian: Sveučilište J.J. Strossmayera) is a university located in Osijek, Croatia. It was founded in 1975 and is organized in 11 faculties.
The history of higher education in this area began in 1707, when the first institution of higher education was founded in Osijek. It was the Higher Theological School, which was opened in the 1707/1708 academic year as Studium Philosophicum Essekini, and included a three-year course of studies in philosophy.
The significance of the first colleges in Osijek lies in its huge contribution to Croatian language and literature, the spreading of liberal-arts education, and the study of languages and classical literature.
The recent history of higher education in the area began in 1959 when the Zagreb Faculty of Economics, in collaboration with the University of Zagreb, founded the Centre for part-time studies in Osijek as a branch of the Zagreb Faculty of Economics.
The initiative for the founding of the University of Osijek dates back to 1975. On 26 March 1975, the Croatian Parliament (Sabor) passed the Decision granting consent for the establishing of the University of Osijek. Two months later, on 31 May 1975, the Agreement concerning the founding of the University of Osijek was signed by the Faculty of Economics, the Faculty of Agriculture and Food Processing, the Institute of Agriculture, the Zagreb School of Engineering and Naval Architecture for Engineering Studies in Slavonski Brod, the Teacher Training College in Osijek, the Zagreb Music Academy for the Music Department in Osijek, the City Library and the Historical Archives in Osijek.

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University of Split
The University of Split (Croatian: Sveučilište u Splitu) is a university located in Split, Croatia. It was founded in 1974. and is organized in 13 faculties and 124 faculty programmes. As of 2009, a total of approximately 40,000 students have graduated, and a total of 337 doctoral degrees have been awarded.
In the last few years, the University of Split student body has grown; it now enrols 26,000 students and is organized in 13 faculties. Currently a new campus is being built, which will be finished in 2014. It will house all of the faculties, a large student center with a sports hall, sporting grounds and a university library. The newest addition to the faculty programmes is the Faculty of Pharmacy. There are also recent additions to the graduate programmes: the school of forensics and the school of geodesy.
These are the faculties into which the university is divided:
The Pharmacy course is run jointly by the Faculty of Medicine and the Faculty of Chemical Engineering.
Library double glass façade

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Valpovo
Valpovo is a town in Slavonia, Croatia. It is close to the Drava river in the region of Slavonia, 25 km (16 mi) northwest of Osijek. The population of Valpovo is 7,396, with a total of 11,570 in the municipality.
In Hungarian the town is known as Valpó, in German as Walpowo, and in Turkish as Valpo.
The settlements in the municipal area of Valpovo are:
In the census of 2001, the absolute majority were Croats.
Officials in the communist Yugoslav regime established a camp for Germans which operated from 1945 to 1946.
Economy is based on farming, livestock breeding, forestry, wood and timber and foodstuffs industries; close to the town are oil and natural gas deposits. Valpovo lies on a regional road that connects it to Osijek and Donji Miholjac, as well a road to Belišće and to Bizovac through Ladimirevci.
Located close to the banks of the Drava river (5 km), Valpovo was an ancient dwelling of feudal families. Major tourist attraction include important cultural and historical heritage, (remains of a mediaeval fortification, the old brickwork bridge, churches) and a landscaped park, protected as a horticultural monument. Prandau-Normann Castle: Count Normann-Ehrenfels and Baron Prandau-Hilleprandt had a magnificent castle that was rebuilt seven times. They planted 121 herbal sorts on 250.000 square meters. Valpovo's park is one of the most beautiful in Slavonia.

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Varaždin
Varaždin (Croatian pronunciation: [v̞âraʒdiːn] Hungarian: Varasd, German: Warasdin, Kajkavian: Varažljin) is a city in North Croatia, 81 km (50 mi) north of Zagreb on the highway A4. The total population is 47,055, with 38,746 on 34.22 km² (13.21 sq mi) of the city settlement itself (2011). The centre of Varaždin county is located near the Drava river, at 46°18′43″N 16°21′40″E / 46.312°N 16.361°E / 46.312; 16.361. It's mainly known for its baroque buildings, textile, food and IT industry.
In Hungarian the town is known as Varasd, and in Latin as Varasdinum, and in German as Warasdin.
The total population of the city is 47,055 and it includes the following settlements:
The total area is 59.45 km² (22.95 sq mi) (2001).
The first written reference to Varaždin, whose historical name is Garestin, was on 20 August 1181, when King Béla III mentioned the nearby thermal springs (Varaždinske Toplice) in a legal document.
Varaždin was declared a free royal borough in 1209 by the Hungarian King Andrew II. The town became the economic and military centre of northern Croatia. Due to Turkish raids, the town was structured defensively around the old fortress, and acquired the shape of a typical medieval Wasserburg. In the early 13th century, the Knights Hospitaller (Croatian: Ivanovci) came to Varaždin, where they built the church and a monastery.

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Velika Gorica
Velika Gorica (Croatian pronunciation: [ʋêlikaː ɡǒritsa]) is the largest and most populous city in Zagreb County, Croatia. The city itself has a population of 31,341, while the municipality has a population of 63,511 inhabitants (2011).
Velika Gorica is the centre of the historical Turopolje region.
The name of the city consists of two words. First one, "Velika", is an adjective, meaning big or great. Second one is "Gorica" which is in standard Croatian deminutive of word "gora", meaning hill. But in local Kajkavian dialect, "gorica" means vineyard, hence literally translated city's name is Big Vineyard. That is because this area was wine producing since ancient times.
Velika Gorica also has (or had) its names in other languages, notably Hungarian: Nagygoricza and German: Gross-Gorica.
The City of Velika Gorica, located 16 km (9.94 mi) south of Zagreb, is the centre of an area covering 552 square kilometers. Up until 1990 Velika Gorica had the status of a municipality and after that it became a part of Zagreb. Velika Gorica gained city status in 1995. The area of the old Municipality of Velika Gorica was split into three municipalities – Kravarsko, Orle and Pokupsko.

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Vidin
Vidin (Bulgarian: Видин, archaically spelled as Widdin in English) is a port town on the southern bank of the Danube in northwestern Bulgaria. It is close to the borders with Serbia and Romania, and is also the administrative centre of Vidin Province, as well as of the Metropolitan of Vidin (since 870). As of February 2011, the town has a population of 47,138 inhabitants.
An agricultural and trade centre, Vidin has a fertile hinterland renowned for its wines.
Vidin is the westernmost important Bulgarian Danube port and is situated on one of the southernmost sections of the river. A ferryboat complex, linking Vidin with Calafat on the opposite side of the river, is located 2 km from the town. The complex is to be replaced by the Vidin-Calafat Bridge probably in the year 2012.
Vidin is the 19th town by population in Bulgaria, but serious demographic problems have been experienced in the area during the last two decades. The number of the residents of the city reached its peak in the period 1988-1991 when exceeded 65,000. The following table presents the change of the population after the liberation of the country in 1878.

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Vienna
Vienna ( /viːˈɛnə/; German: Wien (help·info) [viːn]) is the capital and largest city of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million (2.4 million within the metropolitan area, more than 25% of Austria's population), and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre. It is the 9th-largest city by population in the European Union. Until the beginning of the 20th century it was the largest German speaking city in the world, and before the first world war and the splitting of the Austro-Hungarian empire the city had 2 million inhabitants. Vienna is host to many major international organizations, including the United Nations and OPEC. The city lies in the east of Austria and is close to the borders of the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary. These regions work together in a European Centrope border region. Along with nearby Bratislava, Vienna forms a metropolitan region with 3 million inhabitants. In 2001, the city centre was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

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Vinkovci
Vinkovci (pronounced [v̞îːnkɔːv̞t͡si]) is a city in Croatia, in the Vukovar-Syrmia County. In the 2011 census, the total population of the city was 35,375, making it the largest town of the county. Surrounded by many large villages, it is a local transport hub, particularly because of its railways.
The site of Vinkovci (German: Winkowitz, Hungarian: Vinkovce, Latin: Colonia Aurelia Cibalae) was inhabited well before the Roman period The area of the town has been inhabited continually from the Neolithic period. Under the Romans the town was known as Colonia Aurelia Cibalae and was the birthplace of Roman emperors Valentinian I and Valens. The Roman thermal bath is still preserved underground as are several other Roman buildings located near the center of today's Vinkovci.
It was part of Ottoman Empire between 1526 and 1687 and was managed in Sirem sanjak (Its center was Dimitrofça) in Budin Eyalet. It was captured by Habsburg Empire in 1687 and was left to her according to Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699. Habsburg rule lasted until 1918.

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Virovitica
Virovitica (pronounced [ʋirɔʋǐtit͡sa]) is a Croatian town near the Croatian-Hungarian border. It is situated near the Drava river and belongs to the historic region of Slavonia. Virovitica has a population of 14,663, with 21,327 people in the municipality (census 2011). It is also the capital of Virovitica-Podravina county.
Virovitica has also historically been known by the names Wirowititz/Virovititz and Wirowitiza (German), Viroviticza, Verewitiza, Verowitiza, Verowtiza, Verőce (Hungarian) and Varaviza (Italian).
The following settlements comprise the administrative area of the city of Virovitica:
Virovitica has a monument dedicated to fallen members of the Home Guard.
The patron saint of Virovitica is St. Rocco (Sv. Rok), celebrated every August 16.
Virovitica is twinned with:

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Viticulture
Viticulture (from the Latin word for vine) is the science, production and study of grapes which deals with the series of events that occur in the vineyard. When the grapes are used for winemaking, it is also known as viniculture. It is a branch of the science of horticulture.
While the native territory of Vitis vinifera, the common grape vine, is a band of area from Western Europe to the Persian shores of the Caspian Sea, the vine has demonstrated high levels of adaptability and will sometimes mutate to accommodate a new environment after its introduction. Because of this, viticulture can be found on every continent except Antarctica.
Duties of the viticulturist include: monitoring and controlling pests and diseases, fertilizing, irrigation, canopy management, monitoring fruit development and characteristics, deciding when to harvest and vine pruning during the winter months. Viticulturists are often intimately involved with winemakers, because vineyard management and the resulting grape characteristics provide the basis from which winemaking can begin.

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Vođinci
Vođinci is a municipality in the Vukovar-Srijem County in Croatia. According to the 2001 census, there are 2,113 inhabitants, 99.72% which are Croats.

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Vrbanja
Vrbanja, a village in the region of Spačva, Croatia, 24 km southeast of Županja; elevation 87 m. Chief occupations include farming, livestock breeding and forestry. The village is located on the regional road Vinkovci - Gunja - Brčko (Bosnia and Herzegovina). Vrbanja named after the willows (Croatian: vrbe). The municipality has a population of 5,174 people; absolute majority are Croats (96.48%), with a small Slovak minority (1.38%). Vrbanja is surrounded by Drenovci and Soljani.
This typical, Srijem-style, lowland village is located close to the famous forests of Spačva, abundant in wildlife. Pleasant accommodation facilities and venison specialities are offered in hunting lodges. The special forest vegetation reserve Radisevo comprises forests of common oak and hornbeam with beech.
The parish church of the Name of Mary was built in 1821. Church was renovated in 2008.
School in Vrbanja
Church today

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Vrbovec
Vrbovec is city in Zagreb county, Croatia, lying to the northeast of the capital Zagreb.
The town of Vrbovec lies to the north-east of Zagreb, either 32 km (20 mi) along the highway A4 (Zagreb - Sv.Helena), and then B28 expressway (Sv. Helena - Vrbovec) or 40 km (25 mi) by the old state road, Zagreb - Dugo Selo - Bjelovar, and by train through direction Zagreb - Vrbovec - Koprivnica - Hungary.
In the 2011 Croatian census, the total population of the administrative territory of Vrbovec was 14,802, in the following settlements:
In 2001, 97,36% of the population were Croats.
City government, court, police, health and postal services are the part of infrastructure of Vrbovec. The current mayor since 2005 is Vladimir Bregović, who succeeded Zlatko Herček, mayor from 2001 to 2005.
Vrbovec was first mentioned in written documents dated April 21, 1244. The document today lies in the Archbishop's archive in Zagreb, in serial Privilegialia. It was published by Croatian-Hungarian King Bela III (IV), where feudal field was given to the countman Junk, the son of Izak from Ravno (village), whose right are confirmed from the Koloman (brother of King Bela). The countman Junk was the higher officer at Križevci's county.

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Vuka
Vuka is a river in eastern Croatia, a right tributary of the Danube river. At 112 kilometres (70 mi) it is the 11th longest river in Croatia and it has a drainage area of 644 square kilometres (249 sq mi). The river is located in Vukovar-Syrmia County, in Slavonia region. It empties into the Danube at the town of Vukovar, which got its name from the river.
Ancient name of Pannonian Illyrians for Vuka was Volcos.

Coordinates: 45°21′N 19°00′E / 45.35°N 19°E / 45.35; 19

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Vukovar
Vukovar (pronounced [v̞ûkɔv̞aːr]) is a city in eastern Croatia, and the biggest river port in Croatia located at the confluence of the Vuka river and the Danube. Vukovar is the center of the Vukovar-Syrmia County. The city's registered population was 26,716 in the 2011 census, with a total of 28,016 in the municipality.
The name Vukovar means "the town on the river Vuka" ('Vuko' from the river Vuka, and 'vár' from the Hungarian word for 'castle'). The name of the river Vuka itself originates from the Slavic word 'vuk', meaning 'wolf'. In Serbian Cyrillic, the town is known as Вуковар, in Hungarian as Vukovár or Valkóvár, in German as Wukowar, and in Turkish as Vukovar.
It is located 20 km (12 mi) northeast of Vinkovci, 36 km (22 mi) southeast of Osijek with the elevation of 108 m (354 ft). Vukovar is located on the main road D2 Osijek—Vukovar—Ilok and on the Vinkovci—Vukovar railway (and road D55).
The city is spread out along the Danube river, and Vukovar proper is in the southeast while Borovo Naselje forms a distinct unit in the northwest.

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Vukovar massacre
The Vukovar massacre, also known as Vukovar hospital massacre or simply Ovčara, was a war crime that took place between November 20 and November 21, 1991 near the city of Vukovar, a mixed Croat/Serb community in northeastern Croatia. A mostly Croatian group of 263 men and 1 woman (including civilians and POWs), of whom 194 have been identified, were murdered by members of the Serb militias following the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) withdrawal from Ovčara after it brought those patients there from the Vukovar hospital. The murders occurred at the end of the Battle of Vukovar.
For their roles in orchestrating the massacre, the Yugoslav military leaders Veselin Šljivančanin and Mile Mrkšić were convicted by the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia in 2007, 2009 and 2010. The original indictment included a number of 264 non-Serb men killed, and a third defendant, one Miroslav Radić, who was released free of charge. In the trial against Vojislav Šešelj, the indictment listed 255 names in relation to Ovčara. The names include one woman, a 77-year old man as the oldest and a 16-year old boy as the youngest victim of the massacre. Of these, 23 were older than 49 years of age, which is higher than Croatian military service age. Victims also included French volunteer Jean-Michel Nicollier and journalist Siniša Glavašević and his technician Branimir Polovina.

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Vukovar water tower
Vukovar water tower (Croatian: Vukovarski vodotoranj) is a water tower in the Croatian city of Vukovar. It is one of the most famous symbols of Vukovar and the suffering of the city and the county in the Battle of Vukovar and the Croatian War of Independence, when the water tower and the city itself were largely destroyed by the Serb forces.
The water tower was designed by the company Plan and built by Hidrotehna Zagreb, in the late 1960s. It was built in a city park, popularly known as Najpar-bašća, in the district of Mitnica.
Until the war, the top of the tower was home to a restaurant with a view over Vukovar, Dunav and surrounding vineyards.
During the Serbian attack on Vukovar, the water tower was one of the most frequent targets of enemy artillery. It was hit more then 600 times and today it is a symbol of victory and new life.
After the reintegration of Vukovar into the Republic of Croatia, reconstruction of water tower was initiated by Croatian President Franjo Tuđman, but that has since changed. The water tower will not be restored to its original state and will instead become a memorial area to the pain and suffering that Vukovar endured.

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Váh
The Váh (German: Waag;Hungarian: Vág;Polish: Wag) is the longest river in Slovakia. A left tributary of the Danube river, the Váh is 406 km long, including its Čierny Váh branch. Its two sources, the Biely Váh (White Váh) and the Čierny Váh (Black Váh), are located in the High Tatras and Low Tatra mountains, respectively, and it flows over northern and western Slovakia and finally feeds into the Danube near Komárno. The left tributaries are Demänovka, Revúca, Ľubochnianka, Turiec, Rajčanka and Nitra rivers, and the right tributaries are Belá, Orava, Varínka, Kysuca, Biela voda, Vlára, Dubová, Dudváh and Malý Dunaj rivers. In late medieval time it was a property of Stibor of Stiboricz and his son Stibor of Beckov of the Clan of Ostoja.
It includes canals, artificial dams (Čierny Váh, Liptovská Mara, Bešeňová, Krpeľany, Žilina, Hričov, Nosice, Sĺňava, Madunice, Kráľová and Selice) and 16 hydropower stations, whose construction started in the 1930s and increased after World War II. The main Slovak limited-access motorway is situated along the Váh (Bratislava - Trenčín - Považská Bystrica - Žilina and Ružomberok - Poprad), as well as the main railway Bratislava - Žilina - Košice.

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Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia (Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Macedonian: Jugoslavija; Cyrillic: Југославија) was a country in the western part of the Balkans during most of the 20th century which was established three times under differing forms of government.
The first country to be known by this name was the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, which before 3 October 1929 was known as the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. It was established on 1 December 1918 by the union of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs and the Kingdom of Serbia (the Kingdom of Montenegro was annexed on 13 November 1918, and the Conference of Ambassadors in Paris gave international recognition to the union on 13 July 1922). The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was invaded by the Axis powers in 1941, and because of the events that followed, was officially abolished in 1943 and 1945.
The second country with this name was the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia, proclaimed in 1943 by the Yugoslav Partisans resistance movement during World War II. It was renamed to the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia in 1946, when a communist government was established. In 1963, it was renamed again to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). This was the largest Yugoslav state, as Istria, Rijeka and Zadar were added to the new Yugoslavia after the end of World War II.

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Zadar
Zadar (see historical names) is a city in Croatia on the Adriatic Sea. It is the centre of Zadar county and the wider northern Dalmatian region. Zadar is a historical center of Dalmatia as well as the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zadar.
In antiquity, Iadera and Iader, the much older roots of the settlement's names were hidden, the names being most probably related to a hydrographical term. It was coined by an ancient Mediterranean people and their Pre-Indo-European language. They transmitted it to later settlers, the Liburnians. The name of the Liburnian settlement was first mentioned by a Greek inscription from Pharos (Stari grad) on the island of Hvar in 384 BC, where the citizens of Zadar were noted as Ίαδασινοί (Iadasinoi). According to the Greek source Periplus of Pseudo-Scylax the city was Ίδασσα (Idassa), probably a vulgar Greek form of the original Liburnian name.
During Antiquity the name was often recorded in sources in Latin in two forms: Iader in the inscriptions and in the writings of classic writers, Iadera predominantly among the late Antiquity writers, while usual ethnonyms were Iadestines and Iadertines. The accent was on the first syllable in both Iader and Iadera forms, which influenced the early-Medieval Dalmatian language forms Jadra, Jadera and Jadertina, where the accent kept its original place.

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Zagreb
Zagreb (Croatian pronunciation: [zǎːɡrɛb]) is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb lies at an elevation of approximately 122 m (400 ft) above sea level. In the last official census of 2011, the population of the settlement of Zagreb was 686,568, while the total population of its administrative area was 792,875. The wider Zagreb metropolitan area includes the City of Zagreb and the separate Zagreb County with a population of 317,642, bringing the total metropolitan area population up to 1,110,517. It is the only metropolitan area in Croatia with a population of over one million.
Its favourable geographic position in the southwestern part of the Pannonian Basin, which extends to the Alpine, Dinaric, Adriatic and Pannonic regions, provides an excellent connection for traffic between Central Europe and the Adriatic Sea. The transport connections, concentration of industry, scientific and research institutions and industrial tradition underlie its leading economic position in Croatia. Zagreb is the seat of the central government, administrative bodies and almost all government ministries.

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Zaprešić
Zaprešić (pronounced [zâːpreʃitɕ]) is a city in Zagreb County in Croatia. Its population is 19,574 inhabitants for the city proper, and over 51,000^{[citation needed]} for its seven-municipality metropolitan area. Zaprešić is the third-largest, and most densely populated division of the county. It is located northwest of the Croatian capital Zagreb, and near the Slovenian border. It is centered on plains north of the Sava River, and is bordered by Medvednica Mountain to the east, and the Marija Gorica Hills to the west.
The first human settlement in, and near Zaprešić dates from the Neolithic, and several Roman roads were constructed in the area. The first records of the modern town date from 1334. Since that date, the town's history includes being a part of a feudal estate to operating the first meat packaging plant in Croatia. However, it was not formally established as a city until 1995. The city is governed by a mayor, a city government of seven members (upper house), and a city council of nineteen members (lower house). The current ruling party is the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ), and the current mayor is Željko Turk. Zaprešić has its own fire department, but police coverage is provided by the city of Zagreb. Komunalno poduzeće Zaprešić manages all utilities except electricity. Tap water in Zaprešić is of high quality.

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Čakovec
Čakovec (pronounced [t͡ʃâkɔ̝v̞et͡s]) is a city in northern Croatia, located around 90 kilometres north of Zagreb, the Croatian capital. Čakovec is both the county seat and largest city of Međimurje County, the northernmost, smallest and most densely populated Croatian county.
The city administrative area of Čakovec includes the following settlements:
The adjacent villages of Belica, Nedelišće, Pribislavec, Strahoninec and Šenkovec are seats of separate municipalities, although they are all located within 5 kilometres of the city's centre.
The total population of the city's metropolitan area, with all of the aforementioned villages is approximately 45,000.^{[citation needed]}
In the 2001 census, the city of Čakovec had a population of 15,790 within its limits, which is a slight decrease from 1991 census in which it was populated by 15,999 people. With its surrounding suburbs included it had a population of 30,455 as of 2001 census.
The city's present day population primarily consists of ethnic Croats at 93%, with the largest minority being Roma at 3.6% of the municipality. Other ethnic groups are Serbs, Hungarians, Slovenes and Albanians. Today's population is estimated to be around 20,000 people within the city limits.

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Đakovo
Đakovo (pronounced [d͡ʑâkɔ̝v̞ɔ̝]) is a town in the region of Slavonia, Croatia. Đakovo is the centre of the fertile and rich Đakovo region (Croatian: Đakovština).
Đakovo is located 37 km (23 mi) to the southwest of Osijek and 34 km (21 mi) southeast of Našice; elevation 111 m.
It is located near the motorway A5/E73, at the intersection of the state road D7 to Osijek, the arterial roads D38 to Požega, D46 to Vinkovci and the connecting road D515 to Našice.
The railroad Ploče–Sarajevo–Vrpolje–Osijek–Budapest runs through the city.
There is a total of 27,798 residents in the municipality (census 2011), in the following individual settlements:
Chief occupations include farming, livestock breeding, leather and wool processing; horse selection centre; major industries are wood processing (furniture), textiles, chemicals and food processing, building material, printing and tourism.
The Cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul in Đakovo is the town's most famous landmark and the most important sacral object, not only in Đakovo but also throughout the whole region of Slavonia. The Cathedral was built 1866-1882 under Josip Juraj Strossmayer, then the bishop of the Đakovo and Srijem Catholic diocese. The landscaped park from the 19th century near the bishop's palace is a horticultural monument under special protection as well as the nearby Small Park (Mali Park) dating from the turn of the 19th/20th century.

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Šibenik
Šibenik (Croatian pronunciation: [ʃîbe̞niːk]) is a historic town in Croatia, located in central Dalmatia where the river Krka flows into the Adriatic Sea. Šibenik is a political, educational, transport, industrial and tourist center of Šibenik-Knin county.
In Croatian, the town is known as Šibenik, in Latin as Sebenicum, in Italian as Sebenico, in Hungarian as Sibenik, in Albanian as Shibeniku, and in German as Sibennig.
Unlike other cities along the Adriatic coast, which were established by Greeks, Illyrians and Romans, Šibenik was founded by Croats. Excavations of the castle of Saint Michael, have since proven that the place was inhabited long before the actual arrival of the Croats. It was mentioned for the first time under its present name in 1066 in a Charter of the Croatian King Petar Krešimir IV and, for a period of time, it was a seat of this Croatian King. For that reason, Šibenik is also called "Krešimirov grad" (Krešimir's city). It is the oldest native Croatian town on the eastern shores of the Adriatic.

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Žitný ostrov
Žitný ostrov, also called Veľký Žitný ostrov (Great Rye Island) (German: Große Schüttinsel or Great Schütt Island, Hungarian: Csallóköz) to differentiate it from Malý Žitný ostrov (Small Rye Island) (German: Kleine Schüttinsel or or Little Schütt Island, Hungarian: Szigetköz), is a river island in southwestern Slovakia, extending from Bratislava to Komárno. It lies between the Danube and its tributary Little Danube and is a major part of the Danubian Flat. It is the biggest river island in Europe with an area of 1,886 km², being 84 km long and 15 – 30 km wide.
The main towns on the island are Komárno, Dunajská Streda, and Šamorín. The island is an important reservoir of drinking water and an agricultural region.^{[citation needed]}
Southern parts of Žitný ostrov by the Danube are protected by Dunajské luhy Protected Landscape Area.
Coordinates: 47°57′N 17°39′E / 47.95°N 17.65°E / 47.95; 17.65

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Županja
Županja is a city in eastern Slavonia, Croatia, located 254 km east of Zagreb. It is administratively part of the Vukovar-Syrmia county. It is inhabited by 12,185 people (2011).
Županja lies on the Sava river opposite Bosnia and Herzegovina, and is the site of a border-crossing bridge with the mostly Croat town of Orašje in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The A3 highway Zagreb-Slavonski Brod-Belgrade passes north of it, and the city is also reachable by a local railroad from Vinkovci as well as the state road D55.
The 2001 census recorded 96.45% Croats in the municipality. At the time the total population included 2,608 people living in Štitar, a village located immediately to the north, that is no longer part of the same municipality.
Memorial
Županja,City Centre
Županja

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Ante Miše
Ante Miše (Born 14 June 1967 in Vukovar) is a former Croatian footballer who in the 1980s and 90s spent most of his career at Hajduk Split. During his playing career with Hajduk he won the Yugoslav cup, three Croatian titles and three Croatian cups. He started his football career in NK Borovo and also played for Vitesse in Holland and NK Mura in Slovenia and earned 7 caps in friendlies for Croatia in the period from 1992 to 1994.
After retirement he started coaching and after spending a few seasons coaching lower level sides became Goran Vučević's assistant at Hajduk in the 2008-09 season. Following Vučević's resignation in October 2008, he was appointed caretaker manager at the club and Hajduk immediately improved performance, with Hajduk winning in all of their next six league fixtures which saw them rise to second place just 1 point behind their fierce rivals Dinamo Zagreb at the winter break. He was sacked as manager at Hajduk Split on 3 August 2009, one day after a 1-0 defeat at home to NK Zadar in their second league match of the 2009-10 season.

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Austria
Austria (ⁱ/ˈɒstriə/ or /ˈɔːstriə/; German: Österreich [ˈøːstɐˌʁaɪç] ( listen)), officially the Republic of Austria (German: Republik Österreich (help·info)), is a landlocked country of roughly 8.47 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Hungary and Slovakia to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The territory of Austria covers 83,855 square kilometres (32,377 sq mi) and has a temperate and alpine climate. Austria's terrain is highly mountainous due to the presence of the Alps; only 32% of the country is below 500 metres (1,640 ft), and its highest point is 3,798 metres (12,461 ft). The majority of the population speak local Austro-Bavarian dialects of German as their native language, and German in its standard form is the country's official language. Other local official languages are Burgenland Croatian, Hungarian and Slovene.
The origins of modern-day Austria date back to the time of the Habsburg dynasty when the vast majority of the country was a part of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. During the 17th and 18th centuries, Austria became one of the great powers of Europe and, in response to the coronation of Napoleon I as the Emperor of the French, the Austrian Empire was officially proclaimed in 1804. In 1867, the Austrian Empire was reformed into Austria-Hungary.

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Blago Zadro
Blago Zadro (March 31, 1944 – October 16, 1991) was a commander of the northern part of Croatian defense forces in Vukovar (Croatia) during the Croatian War of Independence. He was killed in an attack by Serb forces in the town of Borovo Naselje.
Zadro was born in a small village Donji Mamići near Grude in Herzegovina, and his family moved to Borovo Naselje in 1954 where he finished school. He became active in politics during Croatia's first democratic elections in 1990; he founded branch of Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ) for Municipality of Vukovar and became the vice president of the HDZ in Vukovar, and joined the defense corps when the war started.
He commanded the 3rd Battallion of the 204th (Vukovar) Croatian Army Brigade during Battle of Vukovar, along with two of his sons, where he led actions against the JNA and local Serb forces. Zadro's unit was assigned to defend the vital Trpinjska cesta (Trpinja road), an open road leading directly into Vukovar. Because of its importance, the road became primary target for JNA tank units attacking the city and it became known as the Tank Graveyard due to actions of Zadro's anti-tank rocket groups Yellow Ants and Turbo platoon which fought off many tank attacks, notably a single incident on 18 September when an entire battalion of about 60 tanks and armored personnel carriers was ambushed and destroyed there.

wn.com/Blago_Zadro
Croats
Croats (Croatian: Hrvati) are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 4 million Croats living inside Croatia and up to 4.5 million throughout the rest of the world. Responding to political, social and economic pressure, many Croats have migrated throughout the world, and established a notable Croatian diaspora. Large Croat communities exists in The United States, Chile, Argentina, Germany, Austria, Australia, Peru, Canada, Serbia, New Zealand and South Africa. Croats are noted for their culture, which has been influenced by a number of other neighbouring cultures through the ages. The strongest influences came from Central Europe and the Mediterranean where, at the same time, Croats have made their own contribution. The Croats are predominantly Catholic with minor groups of Protestants, Muslims, Orthodox, Jews and secular non religious atheists and agnostics. Their language is Croatian.
Croatia is the nation state of the Croats, while in the adjacent Bosnia and Herzegovina they are one of the three constituent peoples alongside Bosniaks and Serbs.

wn.com/Croats
Dario Zahora
Dario Zahora (born 21 March 1982 in Vukovar) is a Croatian football striker, currently a free agent after terminating his contract with Osijek in January 2012.
He scored 22 goals in 2007–08 season for NK Domžale and was the top scorer of the Slovenian highest league.

wn.com/Dario_Zahora
Franjo Benzinger
Franjo Benzinger (November 26, 1899 – March 21, 1991) was a Croatian pharmacist. He was born in Vukovar and finished school at the university in Zagreb, where he also became a professor in the pharmacy school. He died in Zagreb.

wn.com/Franjo_Benzinger
Germans
The Germans (Deutsche) are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe. The English term Germans has referred to the German-speaking population of the Holy Roman Empire since the Late Middle Ages. Legally, Germans are citizens of the Federal Republic of Germany.
Of approximately 100 million native speakers of German in the world, about 66–75 million consider themselves Germans. There are an additional 80 million people of German ancestry mainly in the United States, Brazil, Canada, Argentina, France, Russia, Chile, Poland, Australia and Romania who most likely are not native speakers of German. Thus, the total number of Germans worldwide lies between 66 and 160 million, depending on the criteria applied (native speakers, single-ancestry ethnic Germans, partial German ancestry, etc.).
Today, peoples from countries with a German-speaking majority or significant German-speaking population groups other than Germany, such as Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Luxembourg, have developed their own national identity and usually do not refer to themselves as "Germans" in a modern context.

wn.com/Germans
Harry Hole
Harry Hole is the main character in a series of, so far, nine crime novels written by Jo Nesbø. Hole is a classic loose cannon in the police force, with few close friends and some unorthodox methods.
Harry lost his mother, a descendant of the Sami people, to cancer while he was in his twenties, and he has never had a close relationship to his father Olav Hole, who is a teacher. Harry has a younger sister with Down syndrome.
Hole is a heavy smoker and an alcoholic. The latter brings him into repeated conflict with his superiors and some of his colleagues, but Bjarne Møller, head of Hole's department and one of his closest friends, manages to prevent him from being kicked out. This is not primarily due to pity, but the fact that Harry Hole is also a brilliant detective. He is foremost recognized in Norway due to his involvement in the catching of a serial killer in Australia. Harry Hole is one of few on the force who has undergone special training by the FBI.
He also has two close friends at the Forensics division of Norwegian police, one of them being Beate Lønn whom Harry often (off the record) uses to extract crucial information from in critical situations.

wn.com/Harry_Hole
Jo Nesbø
Jo Nesbø (pronounced [ˈju ˈnɛsbø]; born 29 March 1960) is an Edgar Award nominated Norwegian author and musician. As of September 2008 more than one and a half million copies of his novels have been sold in Norway, and his work has been translated into over forty languages.
Nesbø was born and lives in Oslo but grew up in Molde. He graduated from the Norwegian School of Economics with a degree in Economics and Business Administration. Nesbø is primarily famous for his crime novels about Detective Harry Hole, but he is also the main vocalist and songwriter for the Norwegian rock band Di Derre. In 2007 Nesbø also released his first children's book, Doktor Proktors prompepulver (English translation: Doctor Proctor's Fart Powder).
Jo Nesbø worked as a freelance journalist and a stockbroker before he began his writing career. The No.1 national bestseller, The Bat, is the first installment in the Harry Hole series. He sings and writes songs for the band Di Derre. He has also tried his hand at writing children's books. He was a talented footballer until he broke his ankle and had to concentrate on another aspect of his life. He is a supporter of Tottenham Hotspur football club.

wn.com/Jo_Nesbø
Leopold Ružička
Lavoslav Ružička FRS born as Lavoslav ( Leopold ) Ružička (13 September 1887 – 26 September 1976) was a Croatian scientist and winner of the 1939 Nobel Prize in Chemistry who worked most of his life in Switzerland. He received eight honoris causa doctorates in science, medicine, and law; seven prizes and medals; and twenty-four honorary memberships in chemical, biochemical, and other scientific societies.
Ružička was born in Vukovar, Croatia, then part of Kingdom of Hungary, Austro-Hungarian Empire. His family of craftsmen and farmers was mostly of Croatian origin, with a Czech great grandparent, and a great grandmother and a great grandfather from Austria.
Ružička attended the classics-program secondary school in Osijek. He changed his original idea of becoming a priest and switched to studying technical disciplines. Chemistry was his choice, probably because he hoped to get a position at the newly opened sugar refinery built in Osijek.
Due to the excessive hardship of everyday and political life, he left and chose the High Technical School in Karlsruhe in Germany. He was a good student in areas he liked and that he thought would be necessary and beneficial in future, which was organic chemistry. That is why his physical chemistry professor, Fritz Haber (Nobel laureate in 1918), opposed his summa cum laude degree. However, in the course of his studies, Ružička set up excellent cooperation with Hermann Staudinger (a Nobel laureate in 1953). Studying within Staudinger's department, he obtained his doctor's degree in 1910. With Staudinger, Ružička went to Zurich and was his assistant.

wn.com/Leopold_Ružička
Ljudevit Posavski
Ljudevit Posavski (Trans-Savian) was a Croatian^{[dubious – discuss]}^{[citation needed]}Duke of Pannonian Croatia from 810 to 823. The capital of his realm was in Sisak. As the ruler of the Pannonian Slavs, he led an unsuccessful resistance to Frankish domination. He held close ties with the Carantanian and Carniolan tribes and with the Bulgarian tribe of Timočani, named after the Timok river. He is often regarded as a national hero in Croatian and Slovenian history.
In 818 Ljudevit sent his emissaries to Emperor Louis in Heristal. They described the horrors conducted by Cadolah and his men in Pannonia, but the King of Franks refused to make peace.
Ljudevit raised a rebellion against his Frankish rulers in 819 after he was seriously accused by the Frankish court. The Emperor Louis the Pious (814-840) sent Margrave Cadolah of Friuli (800-819) to quell the rebellion. The Frankish Frontier forces led by Cadolah have raided the land and tortured the population, most notably the children.
As the Pannonian Slavs were amassing forces, so did the Franks led by Cadolah return in 819. But the Frankish forces were soon defeated; and Cadolah himself had to retreat back to his home Friuli, where soon he died of disease.

wn.com/Ljudevit_Posavski
Milan Mačvan
Milan Mačvan (Serbian: Милан Мачван; born November 16, 1989) is a Serbian professional basketball player for KK Partizan, on loan from Maccabi Tel Aviv. He is 6' 9" (2.06 m) tall and he weighs 265 lbs. (120 kg). He was drafted by the Cleveland Cavaliers in the 2011 NBA Draft at the 54th pick.
Mačvan started turning heads before even starting his senior club career by playing in junior and cadet European and World championships as part of the Serbian national team.
After passing through different youth levels at KK FMP, he began his senior career at the club in fall 2007, ahead of the 2007–08 season under head coach Vlada Vukoičić. He appeared in five Adriatic League games for them before transferring to KK Hemofarm in mid-December 2007.
Mačvan did not have a professional contract during his time at Železnik due to being underage; however when he turned 18 in November 2007, he got the option of signing one and somewhat surprisingly chose to do so with rival KK Hemofarm, which paid Železnik €150,000 for his services. The biggest reason behind his decision to sign with Hemofarm rather than remain with Železnik lay in the fact that Hemofarm's head coach Miroslav Nikolić also coached Mačvan in the Serbian u-19 team that won the World championship that summer. A couple of months later Nikolić resigned his post at Hemofarm after a string of poor results, and the club brought in Vlada Vukoičić, Mačvan's coach at Železnik, who got fired there in the meantime.

wn.com/Milan_Mačvan
Mirna Jukić
Mirna Jukić (born 9 April 1986) is a retired former Austrian swimmer of Croatian origin who won a bronze medal in both short course and long course at the world championships in swimming. She is trained by her father Željko Jukić, a former basketball player. She has had numerous European and World championship successes.
Jukić was born in Novi Sad (Serbia, then SFR Yugoslavia) and grew up in Vukovar, Croatia. In November 1991, the family moved to Zagreb, and her father started training her at Mladost in 1996. Her brother, Dinko Jukić, with whom she was trained early on, also became an international-level swimmer. In the autumn of 1999, the family moved to Vienna, Austria, and the same year Mirna became an Austrian citizen. Her brother became an Austrian citizen in 2000, while the parents remained Croatian citizens.
At the 2008 Olympics Jukić garnered a bronze medal in the 100 m breaststroke (1:07.34); she also swam the 200 m breaststroke. At the 2009 World Aquatics Championships she won the bronze medal in the 200 meters breaststroke final with a time of 2:21.97.

wn.com/Mirna_Jukić
Pavao Pavličić
Pavao Pavličić (born August 16, 1946 in Vukovar) is a Croatian writer, literary historian and translator whose main focus are crime novels. He writes for both adults and children.
Since 1997, Pavličić is a full member of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts.

wn.com/Pavao_Pavličić
Petar Mlinarić
Petar Mlinarić (born February 24, 1944 near Bihać) is a Croatian politician from the Croatian Democratic Union party.
Mlinarić was a member of the Parliament of Croatia between 2003 and 2008.
He was once a deputy mayor of the city of Vukovar.

wn.com/Petar_Mlinarić
Pribina
Pribina (c. 800–861) was a Slavic prince whose adventurous career, recorded in the Conversion of the Bavarians and the Carantanians (a historical work written in 870), illustrates the political volatility of the Franco–Slavic frontiers of his time. Pribina was the first ruler of Slavic origin to build a Christian church on Slavic territory (namely most probably in Nitra in modern Slovakia), and also the first to accept baptism.
He was attacked and expelled from his homeland by Mojmir I, duke of Moravia. Pribina first fled to Ratpot, one of the border lords in East Francia. Thereafter he was wandering in Central and Southeastern Europe for several years. Finally, in the late 830s, Louis the German, king of East Francia granted Pribina lands near Lake Balaton (now in Hungary) where he set up his own principality under the king's suzerainty. He died fighting against the Moravians.
According to a marginal notation to the Conversion that has by now been incorporated into its main text, Pribina's allodial lands were situated in Nitrava ultra Danuvium where Archbishop Adalram of Salzburg (821–836) consecrated a church. Since Nitrava has been identified, although not unanimously, with modern Nitra in Slovakia, Pribina is considered to have ruled the large early medieval fortress excavated at that town. The consecration of the church in Nitrava took place around 827, thus it was the first church in all Eastern Europe whose existence is documented in writing. That the church was consecrated for Pribina himself (who, all the same, still remained a catechumen), or for his wife cannot be decided. She seems to have been a member of the Bavarian Wilhelminer family.

wn.com/Pribina
Serbs
The Serbs (Serbian: Срби, Srbi, pronounced [sr̩̂bi]) are a nation and South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs live mainly in Serbia and the disputed territory of Kosovo, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form significant minorities in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in Romania, Hungary, Albania, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. There is also a large Serbian diaspora in Western Europe, particularly in Germany, Sweden, Switzerland, Austria, France, Italy and the United Kingdom. More than a million people of Serbian origin live in German-speaking countries, including Luxembourg (1%), Austria (1.8%), Switzerland (1%), and Germany (~1%). Outside Europe, there are significant Serbian communities in the United States (198,000 Serbian plus additional 326,000 "Yugoslav" nationals),Canada (72,690 in 2006) and Australia (95,000 in 2006).
The Serbs are a Slavic people, specifically of the South Slavic subgroup, which has its origins in the 6th and 7th century communities developed in Southeastern Europe (see Great Migration). Slav raids on Eastern Roman territory are mentioned in 518, and by the 580s they had conquered large areas referred to as Sclavinia (transl. Slavdom, from Sklavenoi – Σκλαυηνοι, the early South Slavic tribe which is eponymous to the current ethnic and linguistic Indo-European people). In 649, Constantine III relocates conquered Slavs "from the Vardar" to Gordoservon (Serb habitat). Among communities part in the Serb ethnogenesis are the Romanized Paleo-Balkan tribes of Illyrians, Thracians and Dacians, Celts, Greek colonies and Romans.

wn.com/Serbs
Siniša Glavašević
Siniša Glavašević (November 4, 1960 – November 20, 1991) was a Croatian reporter who was executed after the Battle of Vukovar.
A native of Vukovar, Glavašević finished primary schooling there and entered the University of Sarajevo, where he graduated with a degree in Comparative Literature. During the Croatian War of Independence, he was the chief editor of the Vukovar radio.
During the Battle of Vukovar, Glavašević was regularly reporting from the besieged city. He is particularly remembered for a series of stories he had read to the listeners, that talked about basic human values.
On October 16, 1991, Glavašević said on Croatian Radio:
On November 18, 1991, Glavašević sent in his last report, which ended with:
Glavašević disappeared during the fall of Vukovar. It was later found that he was executed by the Serbian paramilitary forces along with hundreds of others in the Vukovar massacre, between November 18 – 20. In 1997, his body was exhumed from a mass grave in the nearby farm of Ovčara.

wn.com/Siniša_Glavašević
Siniša Mihajlović
Siniša Mihajlović (Serbian Cyrillic: Синиша Михајловић; pronounced [sǐniʃa mixǎjlɔv̞it͡ɕ], born 20 February 1969) is a Serbian football manager and former player. He was in charge of Serie A club Fiorentina since June 2010 to November 2011. As of May 2012, he is the manager of the Serbian national football team.
Mihajlović has 63 caps and scored 9 goals for the Yugoslav and Serbia and Montenegro national team. He played in the 1998 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro 2000 tournaments.
He is considered by many to be among the best free kick takers of all time, and holds the all-time Serie A free-kick record with 27 goals scored from free-kicks during his fourteen seasons in the top Italian league.
Born in Vukovar, SR Croatia, near the border of SR Serbia, Mihajlović was born to parents who identified as Yugoslavs. His father Bogdan who drove a truck for a living originated from a Serb family while his mother Viktorija, a worker in a shoe factory, has Croatian family background. The family lived in the Vukovar borough of Borovo Naselje.

wn.com/Siniša_Mihajlović
Tomislav Merčep
Tomislav Merčep (born 28 September 1952) is a former Croatian politician and paramilitary during the Croatian War of Independence.
A native of Vukovar, Merčep worked as an engineer before joining the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ) in 1990. He then entered the local city government as the Secretary of People's Defense (Croatian: Sekretar narodne obrane), where he exerted considerable power in the local police and business, esp. in preparation for the impending war. During the war, he engaged in paramilitary activities which were subsequently investigated by the Hague tribunal and covered by the (now defunct) Croatian newspaper Feral Tribune.
At the turn of 1991, several properties owned by ethnic Serbs were blown up in Vukovar, and it was widely speculated that Merčep was behind this. In 1997 Feral Tribune released a document which confirmed exchanges of large quantities of explosive materials in September 1990 between Merčep and Branimir Glavaš. In August 1991, Merčep was briefly arrested by Croatian authorities and detained on undisclosed charges, but was soon released and moved to Zagreb together with his family, a week before the Battle of Vukovar started.^{[citation needed]}

wn.com/Tomislav_Merčep
Tomislav Mikulić
Tomislav Mikulić (born 4 January 1982 in Vukovar) is a Croatian football player who plays as a defender. He currently players for Germinal Beerschot.
Mikulić started his career with Croatia's NK Osijek before moving to K.R.C. Genk in 2005. On 18 December 2007 he signed a three and a half year deal with Dinamo Zagreb.[1]
Mikulić has previously been a part of the Croatian national under-21 football team, but has not been capped with the seniors yet as of 2006^[update].

wn.com/Tomislav_Mikulić
Vladimir Štengl
Vladimir Štengl (born July 30, 1942 in Vukovar) is a Croatian politician and president of the government of the city of Vukovar. He is a member of the Croatian Democratic Union party.
He become known for lengthy and controversial lawsuit against Vukovarac.net internet portal.

wn.com/Vladimir_Štengl
Zaharije Orfelin
Zaharije Orfelin (Serbian Cyrillic: Захарије Орфелин; Vukovar, 1726 – Novi Sad, 1785) was an 18th-century Serb polymath who lived and worked in the Austrian Monarchy and Venice. Described as a Renaissance man, he was an educator, administrator, poet, engraver, lexicographer, herbalist, historian, winemaker, translator, editor, publisher, polemicist, and traveler. He was fluent in Russian, Latin, German, and French.
He was one of the most notable representatives of the Serbian Baroque literature (although he worked in the first half of the 18th century, as Baroque trends in Serbian literature emerged in the late 17th century); yet his writings bear certain ideas of European Enlightenment and Rationalism. Through the whole of the 18th century, Serbian literature was mostly under the sway of Russia, or rather of the Russian Orthodox Church. As the Russo-Slavonic language was not readily understood by the Serbian reading public, its form used by the Serbs came under the influence of their living dialect and began soon to approach nearer to Serbian than to Russian. This artificial literary jargon was called Slaveno-Serbski, Slavo-Serbian. (In the 19th century it was eventually superseded by the modern Serbian language owing to the efforts and reforms of Vuk Karadžić). Of the Serbian authors who followed the Russian models it is worth to mention Zaharije Orfelin, Gligorije Trlajić (1766–1811), and Pavle Solarić (1781–1821).

wn.com/Zaharije_Orfelin

Battle of Vukovar (1991)

From the BBC documentary "Death of Yugoslavia" The bloody three month long siege/battle of...

published: 22 Mar 2011

author: TheStevenBlue

Zapamtite Vukovar Part 1

...

published: 19 Sep 2009

author: Tomislav mrša

Vukovar 1991 (2.dio)

Vukovar 1991...

published: 24 Sep 2006

author: Zyklon95

Siege of Vukovar, Croatia (former Yugoslavia)

The terrible siege of Vukovar where the inhabitants of the city were slaughtered by serbia...

published: 07 Aug 2012

author: mrfu2

Zlatni Dukati - Vukovar, Vukovar

Vukovar vidéo...

published: 20 Oct 2007

author: Vukovarac07

Requiem for Vukovar

Croatia in the early 1990s...

published: 02 Dec 2008

author: realwarfilms

Bitka za Vukovar: 1 Raspad Jugoslavije

Serija "Bitka za Vukovar" govori o najvećoj bici Domovinskog rata. Veliko stradanje Vukova...

published: 29 Jun 2012

author: RTVHRHB

Vukovar 1991-2011～Nakon 20 Godina-HD

VUKOVAR JE MOJA HRVATSKA! Remembering the 20 year anniversary since the total destruction ...

published: 04 Nov 2011

author: KatarinaZrinska

Vukovar - After the siege

amaterska snimka - i do not own copyrights of this video or audio material. The Battle of ...

published: 09 Mar 2012

author: travnodude

Vukovar, Croatia (The Caravan Hitchhiking Project)

Dutch artist Tjerk Ridder and journalist Peter Bijl are hitchhiking with a caravan, withou...

published: 07 Mar 2012

author: TrekhaakGezocht

HOS Vukovar part 1

HOS Vukovar part 1 dokumentarac o Vukovaru,kako je HOS branio Vukovar...

published: 14 Oct 2008

author: Kutina12

Bitka za Vukovar: 10 Ovčara

Epizoda: 10 OVČARA Zadnja epizoda serije "Bitka za Vukovar" vodi nas na Ovčaru. To je mjes...

published: 29 Jun 2012

author: RTVHRHB

Vukovar (sort of answer on Serbian provocative video...)

This is a video about Vukovar and his 87 day siege... I have done this movie beacouse Serb...

published: 29 Aug 2007

author: franjo111

Vukovar 2009 - 1991 - HOS Kutina

Vukovar 2009 - 1991 - HOS Kutina...

published: 27 Nov 2009

author: Kutina12

Vukovar

super8 from Vukovar, Kroatia 2001....

published: 07 Jul 2009

author: Mattias Melin

Vukovar

Snimak aktivnosti u OŠ "I.G.Kovačić" Borovo Naselje u osamdesetim godinama prošlog stoljeć...

published: 24 Apr 2010

author: Stvaralaštvo učitelja

Vukovar

published: 14 Nov 2010

author: Vatrogasci

Vukovar 1991 - 2011

Vukovar 1991 - 2011 (12,50), poseta Vukovaru u organizaciji Građanske akcije Pančevo i Fon...

published: 17 Nov 2011

author: PEŠČANIK

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photo: AP / Vahid Salemi

Iran's president begins historic Egypt visit

Al Jazeera

05 Feb 2013

Mahmoud Ahmadinejad has arrived in Cairo, marking the first visit to Egypt by an Iranian president since Iran's 1979 Islamic revolution. Ahmadinejad flew into the capital, Cairo, to attend a summit of the Organisation of Islamic Co-operation (OIC), which begins on Wednesday. Egyptian President Mohamed Morsi kissed the Iranian leader as he got off the plane on Tuesday ... "My wish is bigger than this ... Iran does not recognise Israel ... ....(size: 17.9Kb)

photo: AP / Jerome Delay

Two French fighter jets are seen at Bamako's airport Tuesday Jan. 15, 2013. French forces led an all-night aerial bombing campaign Tuesday to wrest control of a small Malian town from armed Islamist extremists who seized the area, including its strategic military camp.

Kidal assault: French jets bomb northern Mali

Joy Online

04 Feb 2013

French warplanes have carried out air strikes in Mali's far north as they try to secure the final rebel stronghold of Kidal after a three-week offensive. Thirty jets targeted Islamist militants' training and communication centres around Tessalit - a mountainous area near the Algerian border. French President Francois Hollande has pledged to help rebuild Mali after the rebels who seized its north are beaten ... ....(size: 2.7Kb)

photo: AP / SANA

Assad accuses Israel of trying to 'destabilise' Syria

Newstrack India

04 Feb 2013

Tweet. London, Feb. 4 (ANI). Syrian President Bashar al-Assad has accused Israel of trying to 'destabilise' his country. Assad's comments came as he claimed that last week's airstrike showed the Jewish state was behind the revolution seeking to overthrow his regime ... Assad insisted however, that his country could still meet 'current threats and aggression' ... (ANI) ... Israel ... ... ) .. ). ... . . . . . .. . . .. ....(size: 3.0Kb)

photo: UN / John Isaac

File - Rwandan refugees returning from Goma, Zaire, 26 July 1994, following the Rwandan genocide during which over 500,000 people were killed, according to a Human Rights Watch estimate.

ICTR overturns Rwanda genocide convictions

BBC News

04 Feb 2013

About 800,000 people died during the 1994 Rwandan genocide . ....(size: 0.5Kb)

photo: US Navy / MCS2 Matthew D. Leistikow

File - U.S. Army Pfc. Donivan Dean, 2nd Platoon, Alpha Company, 1st Brigade, 37th Armor Battalion, 1st Brigade Combat Team, 1st Armored Division, finds a spot to maintain a security overwatch as members of the Iraqi Army's 3rd Company, 1st Battalion, 46th Brigade, 12th Iraqi Army Division, conduct a Flash Traffic Control Point by the Schmit Bridge in Zaab, Iraq, Feb. 27, 2010.

Dozens killed in Iraq police compound attack

France24

03 Feb 2013

At least 33 people were killed on Sunday after a suicide bomber and two gunmen attacked a police headquarters in Kirkuk, northern Iraq, official sources said, the third major attack in the region in several weeks. By News Wires (text).  . A suicide bomber driving a car and gunmen disguised in police uniforms killed at least 33 people in the Iraqi city Kirkuk on Sunday when they tried to storm the police headquarters ... (REUTERS). IRAQ....(size: 8.5Kb)

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Protests in Croatia over bilingual signs

Al Jazeera

03 Feb 2013

More than 20,000 people in the eastern Croatian town of Vukovar have protested against plans to introduce bilingual street signs. Under Croatian law, the town's signs should be in both Croatian and Serbian. But as Shamim Chowdhury reports, language is a hugely sensitive issue in Vukovar, because of its recent history. 51 Source .. Al Jazeera. Share. Send Feedback. Featured on Al Jazeera. 'Idle No More' and colonial Canada ... Goodbye Indonesia ... ....(size: 15.1Kb)

Home town is where the heart is

Swissinfo

03 Feb 2013

Open a Swiss passport and instead of the usual birthplace it will show a citizen’s ‘place of origin’, where their ancestors and family names originate. Despite recent changes pairing down the system, this spot remains important for many people.  [...] National. Place of origin. Merging communes raises identity issues. On the lookout ... More National. Vital health care ... Thousands of Vukovar Croats rally against Serb Cyrillic signs 17.19 ... ....(size: 15.9Kb)

Chinese flock to Switzerland in record numbers

Swissinfo

03 Feb 2013

Last year more tourists visited Switzerland from China than from traditional visitor countries such as Italy, the Netherlands or Japan.  [...] National. Swiss roots. Home town is where the heart is. Place of origin. Merging communes raises identity issues. More National. Vital health care. A Swiss doctor who brought hope to Cambodia ... [...] Foreign Affairs. Cash cow ... Thousands of Vukovar Croats rally against Serb Cyrillic signs 17.19....(size: 18.6Kb)

Thousands of Vukovar Croats rally against Serb Cyrillic signs

Sun Sentinel

02 Feb 2013

VUKOVAR, Croatia (Reuters) - More than 20,000 Croats rallied on Saturday in Vukovar, a town destroyed in the 1991-95 war with rebel Serbs, to protest against the government's plan to introduce signs in the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet ... The protest was organized by war veteran groups under the slogan "For a Croatian Vukovar, No to Cyrillic" ... "For all of us who suffered in Vukovar, it is difficult to accept (Cyrillic script)....(size: 3.6Kb)

Vukovar is Bykobap? Alphabet dispute revives war wounds in Croatia ahead of EU entry

Star Tribune

02 Feb 2013

VUKOVAR, Croatia - Can Vukovar also be Bykobap? ... More than twenty years after it was reduced to rubble in a brutal Serb-led army siege, Vukovar is testing if Croatians are ready to respect the EU's standards on minority rights when their country joins as the 28th member on July 1 ... Thousands of flag-waving protesters, some wearing military uniforms, joined a demonstration against the change on Saturday in downtown Vukovar....(size: 4.0Kb)

Alphabet dispute revives old injuries in Croatia

Kansas City Star

02 Feb 2013

VUKOVAR, Croatia -- Can Vukovar also be Bykobap? ... More than 20 years after it was reduced to rubble in a brutal Serb-led army siege, Vukovar is testing if Croatians are ready to respect the EU's standards on minority rights when their country joins as the 28th member on July 1 ... Thousands of flag-waving protesters, some wearing military uniforms, joined a demonstration against the change on Saturday in downtown Vukovar....(size: 4.2Kb)

>Alphabet dispute revives old injuries in Croatia

Seattle Post

02 Feb 2013

VUKOVAR, Croatia (AP) — Can Vukovar also be Bykobap? ... More than twenty years after it was reduced to rubble in a brutal Serb-led army siege, Vukovar is testing if Croatians are ready to respect the EU's standards on minority rights when their country joins as the 28th member on July 1 ... Thousands of flag-waving protesters, some wearing military uniforms, joined a demonstration against the change on Saturday in downtown Vukovar....(size: 3.8Kb)

River cruise: the Danube by boat and bicycle

The Daily Telegraph

04 Jan 2013

However, there is a section of Croatia you can cycle when it is under way, and that is the 24 miles between Ilok and Vukovar ... Our next stop was Vukovar’s water tower, as pockmarked as a Swiss cheese, where the few hundred defenders of the town repeatedly raised the Croatian flag until the town finally fell ... Bike tours of Mohacs, and from Vukovar to Ilok, will only be available on cruises going downstream to Ruse....(size: 23.5Kb)

Croatia plans Cyrillic signs for Serbs in Vukovar

BBC News

03 Jan 2013

Croatia says it will introduce signs in both Latin and Cyrillic scripts to respect Serb rights in the town of Vukovar, which was devastated by Croat-Serb fighting in 1991. Ethnic Serbs make up 34.8% of Vukovar's population, according to a 2011 census ... The government says Vukovar and other areas with large Serb minorities must have municipal ......(size: 1.8Kb)

Multi-Talented Sydney Singer-Composer Celebrates Joy of Advent in Song (Archdiocese of Sydney)

noodls

12 Dec 2012

(Source. Archdiocese of Sydney). Catholic Communications, Sydney Archdiocese,. 12 Dec 2012 ... The St Mary Cathedral Choristers will open the evening with a Christmas carol performed on the steps of the Cathedral ... Along with the pleasure of reunions with relatives, she took time out to visit Vukovar, site of the 1991 horrific massacre of Croatian Catholics by Muslim Serbs which resulted in the deaths of 294 men and 1 woman ... distributed by....(size: 9.8Kb)

KUHNER: Croatia’s triumph

The Washington Times

30 Nov 2012

Croatia’s national independence finally has been secured. This is the real meaning of the recent ruling by the U.N.war crimes court in The Hague to overturn the conviction of Croatian Gen. Ante Gotovina. Last year, the U.N. court convicted Gen. Gotovina, along with junior Croatian Gen ... Gen. Gotovina embodies Croatia’s struggle for independence ... genocide ... Entire cities, such as Vukovar, were razed to the ground ... Yet, led by Gen ... Gen....(size: 6.3Kb)

21st anniversary of the tragedy of Vukovar and Škabrnja (Government of Croatia)

noodls

19 Nov 2012

... of the Police Directorate, 204th Brigade, Coordination of Veterans' Associations of the Homeland War of Vukovar, representatives of Vukovar city authorities and of Vukovar-Srijem County and from numerous other Croatian cities and all counties jointly laid a wreath at the Monument at the Memorial Cemetery of the Homeland War in Vukovar....(size: 5.5Kb)

Croatia remembers fall of Vukovar to Serbs, 21 years on

Taipei Times

19 Nov 2012

Tens of thousands of Croatians gathered in the eastern city of Vukovar on Sunday to commemorate one of the bloodiest episode of the Balkan nationâs 1990s war for independence ... The fall of Vukovar to the Serbs in 1991 marked the start of Croatiaâs war of independence from the former Yugoslavia, which claimed about 20,000 lives....(size: 2.4Kb)

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Vukovar
— Town —

Nickname(s): Grad Heroj (Hero City)
Vukovar Location of Vukovar within Croatia
Coordinates: 45°21′N 19°00′E / 45.35°N 19°E / 45.35; 19
Country	Croatia
County	Vukovar-Srijem
Government
• Mayor	Željko Sabo (SDP)
Elevation	108 m (354 ft)
Population (2011)^[1]
• Town	28,016
• Urban	26,716
Time zone	CET (UTC+1)
• Summer (DST)	CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code	32 000
Area code(s)	032
Website	vukovar.hr

Vukovar's main street with obvious damage from the shellings during the war

Vukovar

Vukovar (pronounced [v̞ûkɔv̞aːr]) is a city in eastern Croatia, and the biggest river port in Croatia located at the confluence of the Vuka river and the Danube. Vukovar is the center of the Vukovar-Syrmia County. The city's registered population was 26,716 in the 2011 census, with a total of 28,016 in the municipality.^[1]

1 Name
2 Geography
3 Municipal area
4 History
5 Demographics
6 Economy
7 Cultural heritage
8 Institutions
9 Education
10 Notable people from Vukovar
11 International relations
- 11.1 Twin towns - Sister cities
12 References
- 12.1 Bibliography
- 12.2 Notes
13 External links

Name [link]

This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2011)

The name Vukovar means "the town on the river Vuka" ('Vuko' from the river Vuka, and 'vár' from the Hungarian word for 'castle'). The name of the river Vuka itself originates from the Slavic word 'vuk', meaning 'wolf'. In Serbian Cyrillic, the town is known as Вуковар, in Hungarian as Vukovár or Valkóvár, in German as Wukowar, and in Turkish as Vukovar.

Geography [link]

It is located 20 km (12 mi) northeast of Vinkovci, 36 km (22 mi) southeast of Osijek with the elevation of 108 m (354 ft). Vukovar is located on the main road D2 Osijek—Vukovar—Ilok and on the Vinkovci—Vukovar railway (and road D55).

The city is spread out along the Danube river, and Vukovar proper is in the southeast while Borovo Naselje forms a distinct unit in the northwest.

Municipal area [link]

The administrative municipal area of the city contains following settlements:^[1]

Grabovo, population 46
Lipovača, population 388
Sotin, population 783
Vukovar, population 26,716

In SFR Yugoslavia, the municipalities were generally larger, and the Vukovar municipality spanned the region from Vera and Borovo in the north, Ilok in the east and Tovarnik in the south, but it was since divided into several municipalities.

History [link]

Early history [link]

Slavic tribes settled in this area in the 6th century. In the 9th century the region was part of the Slavic Balaton Principality ruled by prince Pribina, part of the Principality of Pannonian Croatia ruled by prince Ljudevit, and part of the Bulgarian Empire. In the 11th-12th century, the region was part of the Kingdom of Croatia; from the 13th to 16th century part of the Kingdom of Hungary; and in 16th-17th century part of the Ottoman Empire.

Vukovar was mentioned first in the 13th century as Volko, Walk, Wolkov (original Croatian/Slavic name of the town was Vukovo). Since the 14th century, the most common name used for the town was Vukovár (Vukovar). During administration of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary, the town was a seat of the Valkó (Croatian: Vuka) county, which was located between rivers Drava and Sava, while during Ottoman administration it was part of the Sanjak of Syrmia. At the end of the Ottoman administration, the town's population numbered about 3,000 inhabitants.

Habsburg Monarchy and Yugoslavia [link]

Since the end of the 17th century, Vukovar was part of the Habsburg Monarchy and was subsequently included into Kingdom of Slavonia, a Habsburg province that formally was part of both the Kingdom of Croatia and the Kingdom of Hungary. During this time, Vukovar was a seat of the Syrmia County. Later, Vukovar was part of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia, created when the Kingdom of Slavonia and the Kingdom of Croatia were merged in 1868.

In 1918, Vukovar became part of the newly formed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (later known as Yugoslavia). Between 1918 and 1922, Vukovar was administrative seat of Syrmia (Srijem, Srem) county, and between 1922 and 1929 it was the administrative seat of Syrmia oblast. Since 1929, it was part of the Sava Banovina, and beginning in 1939 it was part of the Banovina of Croatia. Between 1941 and 1944, Vukovar was part of the Independent State of Croatia. During World War II the city was bombed by the Allies. In 2008 an unexploded bomb was found in the city from this period.^[2] From 1945, it was part of the People's Republic of Croatia within new socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

Croatian War of Independence [link]

Main articles: Battle of Vukovar and Vukovar massacre

The water tower in Vukovar, 2005. Heavily damaged in the battle, it has been preserved as a symbol of the town's suffering.

Vukovar was heavily damaged during the Croatian War of Independence. Approximately 2,000 self-organised defenders (the army of Croatia was still in an embryonic stage at that time) defended the city for 87 days against approximately 36,000 JNA troops supplemented with 110 vehicles and tanks and dozens of planes. The city suffered heavy damage during the siege and was eventually overrun. It is estimated that 2,000 defenders of Vukovar and civilians were killed, 800 went missing and 22,000 civilians were forced into exile.^[3]

The damage to Vukovar during the siege has been called the worst in Europe since World War II, drawing comparisons with the World War II–era Stalingrad.^[4]^[5] The city's water tower, riddled with bullet holes, was retained by city planners to serve as a testimony to the events of the early 1990s.

On 18 November 2006 approximately 25,000 people from all over the country gathered in Vukovar for the 15th anniversary of the fall of the city to commemorate those who were killed during the siege. A museum dedicated to the siege was opened in the basement of a now rebuilt hospital that had been damaged during the battle.^[6] On 27 September 2007 the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia convicted two former Yugoslav Army officers and acquitted a third of involvement in the hospital massacre.^[7]

As a result of the conflict, today the local Croat and Serb populations live separate lives side by side.

Demographics [link]

Vukovar municipality within Vukovar-Syrmia County, 2001

In the years from 1948 until 1991 Vukovar's population increased quickly due to industrial development. Primarily it was immigration that fed the growth in the Vukovar region and in the town particularly. The region's population distribution changed notably too when the town of Ilok became the second largest town in the region.

National structure of the population of Vukovar:^[8]^[9]
Year	Total	Croats		Serbs		Germans		Hungarians		Others
2001	31.670	18.199	57,5%	10.412	32,9%	58	0,2%	387	1,2%	2.614	8,3%
1990	44.639	21.065	47,2%	14.425	32,3%	94	0,2%	694	1,5%	8.361	18,8%
1971	30.222	14.694	48,6%	9.132	30,2%	60	0,2%	835	2,8%	5.501	18,2%
1948	17.223	10.943	63,5%	4.390	25,5%	54	0,3%	913	5,3%	923	5,3%
1931	10.242	5.048	49,6%	1.702	16,6%	2.670	26,1%	571	5,6%	215	2,0%
1910	10.359	4.092	39,5%	1.628	15,7%	3.503	33,8%	954	9,2%	183	1,8%

The most significant change is the disappearing of the Germans after World War II. The empty place was filled with Croat and Serb colonists during Yugoslavia.

National structure of the population in the municipality of Vukovar:
Year of census	total	Croats	Serbs	Others
2001	31,670	18,199 (57.46%)	10,412 (32.88%)	3,059 (9.66%)
1991	84,024	36,910 (43.93%)	31,910 (37.98%)	15,204 (18.09%)
1981	81,203	30,157 (37.14%)	25,146 (30.97%)	25,903 (31.89%)
1971	76,602	34,629 (45.21%)	28,470 (37.17%)	13,593 (17.09%)
1961	54,707	24,527 (44.83%)	22,774 (41.63%)	7,406 (13.54%)

The Croats were in the majority in most villages and in the region's eastern part, whereas the Serbs dominated in northwest. Vukovar's population was ethnically mixed and had 28 ethnic groups before the war.

Since the boundaries of the municipality have changed a few times, there are significant differences in the population census between '61 and '71, and '91 and '01.

Particularly since the war in Croatia, much of the native Croat population has moved to other areas of Croatia or emigrated to Western Europe (notably Germany or Austria) and many Serbs have either moved to Serbia or to Canada and Western Europe.

Fifteen years after the war, in 2006, the city's ethnic makeup shows equal percentages of Serb and Croat residents.^[10] The city remains very divided, as a deeper sense of reconciliation has failed to take root. The ethnic communities remain separated by mistrust, divided institutions and disappointment. Separate schooling for Croat and Serb children remains in place. Incidents involving Croats and Serbs occur regularly, and public spaces have become identified not by the services they offer but by the ethnicity of those who gather there. Even coffee shops are identified as Serb or Croat.^[11]

Economy [link]

Vukovar is the largest Croatian town and river port on the Danube. Its economy is based on trade, farming, viticulture, livestock breeding, textile and food-processing industry, footwear industry and tourism.

Following the end of the war, much of the infrastructure in Vukovar remains unrestored and unemployment is estimated to stand at 40 per cent. ^[11]

Cultural heritage [link]

The newly restored Eltz Manor, an example of the local architecture

Among a number of attractive buildings, severely damaged in the recent war, the most interesting are the Eltz Manor of the Eltz noble family from 18th century, Baroque buildings in the centre of the town, the Franciscan monastery, the parish church of St. James, the Serbian Orthodox church of St Nicholas, the birth house of the Nobel prize winner Lavoslav Ružička, etc. Since 1998 and peaceful reintegration under Croatian control, many buildings have been rebuilt, but there are many ruins still in the town.

Outside the town, on the banks of the Danube toward Ilok, lies a notable archaeological site, Vučedol. The ritual vessel called the Vučedol Dove (vučedolska golubica) is considered the symbol of Vukovar. Vučedol is also a well-known excursion destination, frequented by anglers and bathers, especially the beautiful sand beach on Orlov Otok (Eagle's Island).

Sports and recreational opportunities are provided at the attractive confluence of the Vuka river into the Danube, on the promenades along the Danube and maintained beaches. Bathing is possible in the summer months. Angling is very popular both on the Vuka and the Danube (catfish, European perch, carp, pike, sterlet).

The siege of Vukovar is an important part in the background of the novel The Redeemer by popular Norwegian crime-writer Jo Nesbø, in whose plot traumatized survivors of the siege arrive in Olso and play a major role in the murder mystery which Inspector Harry Hole must solve.

Institutions [link]

Vukovar is the seat of several local organizations and institutions such as Vukovar-Syrmia County, Polytechnic Lavoslav Ružička Vukovar, Gymnasium Vukovar, etc. It is also the seat of several organizations and institutions of Serb minority in Croatia such as Joint Council of Municipalities, Association for Serbian language and literature in the Republic of Croatia, Independent Democratic Serb Party, Party of Danube Serbs as well as the seat of the Consulate General of Republic of Serbia in Vukovar.

Education [link]

Vukovar has seven primary schools and five high schools, including one gymnasium (Gymnasium Vukovar) and one music school. The city is also home to the Lavoslav Ružička polytechnic, which offers study opportunities in the fields of economics and trade, law and kinesitherapy. Additionally, the University of Split runs dislocated studies in information technology, economics and law in Vukovar. Similarly, the University of Osijek offers programmes in economics and law.

Notable people from Vukovar [link]

Franjo Benzinger - Croatian pharmacist
Siniša Glavašević - Croatian reporter
Jakob Eltz - German nobleman and former member of Croatian parliament
Mirna Jukić - Croatian and Austrian swimmer
Tomislav Merčep - Croatian politician
Tomislav Mikulić - Croatian footballer
Siniša Mihajlović - Serbian footballer
Ante Miše - Croatian footballer
Petar Mlinarić - Member of Croatian parliament
Zaharije Orfelin - Serbian poet
Pavao Pavličić - Croatian novelist
Leopold Ružička - Nobel prize winner in chemistry
Vladimir Štengl - Former Member of the Parliament of Croatia and former mayor of Vukovar
Blago Zadro - Croatian army general
Dario Zahora - Croatian footballer
Milan Mačvan - basketball player
Robert von Hinterberg - footballer, AC Milan

International relations [link]

In the city is located Consulate General of Republic of Serbia.

Twin towns - Sister cities [link]

Vukovar is twinned with:

Bač (Serbia), Serbia ^[12]
Dubrovnik, Croatia^[13]

References [link]

Bibliography [link]

Cresswell, Peterjon; Atkins, Ismay; Dunn, Lily (10 July 2006). Time Out Croatia (First ed.). London, Berkeley & Toronto: Time Out Group Ltd & Ebury Publishing, Random House Ltd. 20 Vauxhall Bridge Road, London SV1V 2SA. ISBN 978-1-904978-70-1. http://books.google.com/books?id=VZweAAAACAAJ. Retrieved 10 March 2010.

Notes [link]

^ ^a ^b ^c "Census of Population, Households and Dwellings 2011, First Results by Settlements" (in Croatian and English) (HTML). Statistical Reports (Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics) (1441). June 2011. ISSN 1332-0297. http://www.dzs.hr/Eng/censuses/census2011/htm/E11_Zup26_5185.html. Retrieved 2011-09-10.
^ "Bombs from the II World War found in Vukovar". www.vktel.com. http://www.vktel.com/v/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1363&Itemid=40. Retrieved 2010-11-18. (Croatian)
^ Tucker, Spencer (2010). A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, LLC. p. 2617. ISBN 978-1-85109-667-1.
^ President after meeting with Del Ponte: Someone has to match what turned Vukovar into Stalingrad (Croatian)
^ Seeney, Helen (22 August 2006). "Croatia: Vukovar is Still Haunted by the Shadow of its Past". Deutsche Welle |. Archived from the original on 18 November 2010. http://www.webcitation.org/5uL6LhDeg. Retrieved 6 May 2009.
^ "Tens of thousands gather for 15th anniversary of Vukovar siege 1991 - 2006". AFP. Croation World Network. Archived from the original on 18 November 2010. http://www.webcitation.org/5uL8wHY1D. Retrieved 18 November 2010.
^ "Two jailed over Croatia massacre". BBC News. 27 September 2007. Archived from the original on 18 November 2010. http://www.webcitation.org/5uL6m89XT. Retrieved 2010-11-18.
^ Population of Vukovara
^ "SAS Output". Dzs.hr. http://www.dzs.hr/Hrv/censuses/Census2001/Popis/H01_02_02/H01_02_02_zup16.html. Retrieved 2009-06-23.
^ Vukovar: Day of remembrance, B92, 18 November 2006. Retrieved 2 October 2007.
^ ^a ^b Vukovar still divided 15 years on, B92, 27 November 2006. Retrieved 2 October 2007.
^ "Bač". Skgo.org. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070927021354/http://www.skgo.org/php/opstine/detalji.php?Id=28&IdSvojstva=MO. Retrieved 2010-03-02.
^ Grad Vukovar (2011 [last update]). "Gradovi prijatelji". vukovar.hr. http://www.vukovar.hr/gradovi-prijatelji.html. Retrieved 28 September 2011.

External links [link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Vukovar

v t e Subdivisions of Vukovar-Syrmia County

Towns	Ilok Otok Vinkovci Vukovar (seat) Županja

Municipalities	Andrijaševci Babina Greda Bogdanovci Borovo Bošnjaci Cerna Drenovci Gradište Gunja Ivankovo Jarmina Lovas Markušica Negoslavci Nijemci Nuštar Privlaka Stari Jankovci Stari Mikanovci Štitar Tompojevci Tordinci Tovarnik Trpinja Vođinci Vrbanja

v t e Cities and major settlements of Croatia by population

100,000+	Osijek Rijeka Split Zagreb

35,000+	Bjelovar Dubrovnik Karlovac Kaštela Pula Samobor Šibenik Sisak Slavonski Brod Varaždin Velika Gorica Vinkovci Zadar

10,000+	Beli Manastir Belišće Benkovac Čakovec Crikvenica Đakovo Daruvar Duga Resa Dugo Selo Garešnica Gospić Imotski Ivanec Ivanić-Grad Jastrebarsko Kastav Knin Koprivnica Krapina Križevci Kutina Labin Makarska Metković Našice Nova Gradiška Novi Marof Novska Ogulin Omiš Opatija Petrinja Pleternica Ploče Poreč Požega Rovinj Sinj Slatina Solin Sveta Nedelja Sveti Ivan Zelina Trogir Umag Valpovo Virovitica Vrbovec Vukovar Zaprešić Županja

v t e The Danube

Countries	Germany Austria Slovakia Hungary Croatia Serbia Bulgaria Romania Moldova Ukraine

Cities	Ulm Ingolstadt Regensburg Passau Linz Krems Vienna Bratislava Győr Budapest Dunaújváros Novi Sad Belgrade Pančevo Smederevo Drobeta-Turnu Severin Vidin Giurgiu Ruse Brăila Galați Izmail Tulcea

Tributaries	Iller Lech Regen Isar Inn Morava Váh Hron Ipeľ Drava Tisza/Tisa Sava Timiș/Tamiš Great Morava Timok Jiu Iskar Olt Osam Yantra Vedea Argeș Ialomița Siret Prut

Islands	Ada Kaleh (currently submerged) Balta Ialomiţei Belene Island Csepel Island Donauinsel Great Brăila Island Great War Island Island of Vukovar Island of Šarengrad Kozloduy Island Margaret Island Ostrovul Ciocăneşti Ostrovul Mare, Islaz Ostrvo (Kostolac) Vardim Island Žitný ostrov

List of crossings

Coordinates: 45°21′N 19°00′E / 45.35°N 19°E / 45.35; 19

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vukovar

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

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Contents

Name [link]

Geography [link]

Municipal area [link]

History [link]

Early history [link]

Habsburg Monarchy and Yugoslavia [link]

Croatian War of Independence [link]

Demographics [link]

Economy [link]

Cultural heritage [link]

Institutions [link]

Education [link]

Notable people from Vukovar [link]

International relations [link]

Twin towns - Sister cities [link]

References [link]

Bibliography [link]

Notes [link]

External links [link]

http://wn.com/Vukovar

Related pages:

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http://cs.wn.com/Vukovar

http://es.wn.com/Vukovar

http://ru.wn.com/Вуковар

http://nl.wn.com/Vukovar

http://pl.wn.com/Vukovar

http://fr.wn.com/Vukovar

http://de.wn.com/Vukovar