Official name | City of Vinkovci |
---|---|
native name | ''Grad Vinkovci'' |
native name lang | hr |
Image seal | Wappen Vinkovci.jpg |
Pushpin map | Croatia |
Pushpin label position | bottom |
Pushpin map caption | Location in Croatia |
Pushpin mapsize | 200 |
Coordinates region | HR |
Subdivision type | Country |
Subdivision type1 | County |
Subdivision name | |
Subdivision name1 | Vukovar-Syrmia |
government footnotes | |
government type | City |
leader party | CDU |
leader title | Mayor |
leader name | Mladen Karlić |
area footnotes | |
area total km2 | 94.21 |
area total sq mi | 36.37 |
population as of | 2001 |
population total | 33,239 |
population blank1 title | Administrative area |
population blank1 | 35,912 |
population rank | 14 |
population density km2 | 381.04 |
population density sq mi | 987.41 |
demographics type1 | by ethnic group |
demographics1 footnotes | |
demographics1 title1 | Croats |
demographics1 info1 | 88.99% |
demographics1 title2 | Serbs |
demographics1 info2 | 7.00% |
demographics1 title3 | Hungarians |
demographics1 info3 | 0.59% |
demographics1 title4 | Others |
demographics1 info4 | 3.45% |
demographics2 footnotes | |
demographics2 info1 | |
Timezone | CET |
Utc offset | +1 |
Timezone dst | CEST |
Utc offset dst | +2 |
Coordinates display | inline,title |
Elevation m | 90 |
postal code type | Postal code |
postal code | 32100 |
area code type | |
area code | 32 |
registration plate | VK |
Website | vinkovci.hr |
Footnotes | }} |
It was part of Ottoman Empire between 1526 and 1687 and was managed in Sirem sanjak (Its center was Dimitrofça) in Budin Eyalet. It was captured by Habsburg Empire in 1687 and was left to her according to Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699. Habsburg rule lasted until 1918.
From 1941 to 1945, Vinkovci was part of the Independent State of Croatia. From April 17, 1944 the city was heavily bombed by the Allies due to its important position in transportation.
The city and its surroundings were gravely impacted by the Croatian War of Independence. The city was close to the front lines between the Republic of Croatia and the rebel Serbs, but it managed to avoid the fate of Vukovar (in the infamous Battle of Vukovar). The eastern sections of the town were substantially damaged by shelling, and the nearby village of Cerić was almost completely destroyed. The most significant destruction in the center of the city were the city library, which burned down to the ground, the law courts, the Catholic and Orthodox churches, both hospitals, the theatre, two cinemas and a host of businesses and factories.
In December 1995-1996, the Vinkovci rail station served as a rail offloading base for the United States Army's 1st Armored Division in route to Županja to cross the Sava River into Bosnia during Operation Joint Endeavor.
The Croatian Ground Army has stationed the headquarters of its Armored-Mechanized Guard Brigade in the Vinkovci barracks "Bosut". The current brigade was formed in 2007 and it incorporates two former guards brigades (3rd and 5th) as well as several other units formed during the war of independence.
It is connected to all main railroad routes in the region, while the state roads D46 and D55 connect it to the motorways; river Bosut is not a waterway. The nearby villages and adjacent municipalities include Ivankovo, Jarmina, Markušica, Nuštar, Privlaka and Stari Jankovci.
Its economy is primarily based on trade, transport and food and metal processing. Industries include foodstuff, building material, wood and timber, metal-processing, leather and textile. Due to the surrounding farmland, also notable are farming and livestock breeding, and the town hosts a Crop Improvement Centre.
Vinkovci is the main railway junction of eastern Croatia, of railroads leading from Bosnia and Herzegovina toward Hungary and from the capital Zagreb toward Belgrade. The large railway junction, after Zagreb the second largest in Croatia, underlies the importance of transit in Vinkovci. Vinkovci is also the meeting point of the Posavina and Podravina roads and the intersection of the main road D55 Županja–Vinkovci–Vukovar and several regional roads.
Vinkovci and its rail station are featured in Agatha Christie's Murder on the Orient Express as the place where the Orient Express breaks down.
The most famous annual event, one of the biggest in Slavonia, is the folk music festival "Vinkovci Autumns" (''Vinkovačke Jeseni''), which includes the folklore show and the presentation of folk customs of Slavonia. It is characterized by a number of original folk music performances, beautiful traditional costumes, a beauty contest, competitions of the manufacturers of ''kulen'' (smoked paprika-flavoured sausage), plum brandy and other traditional foodstuffs, and especially by the magnificent closing parade.
Vinkovci's music school Josip Runjanin is named after the composer of the Croatian national anthem ''Lijepa nasa domovino''. The Vinkovci gymnasium is named after Matija Antun Reljković, a Slavonian writer who lived in the city in the 18th century.
* Camponogara, Italy | * Emmendingen, Germany | * Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia | Koprivnica, Croatia | * Kőbánya (Budapest), Hungary | * Široki Brijeg, Bosnia and Herzegovina |
Category:Cities and towns in Croatia Category:Slavonia Category:Places in Syrmia
bs:Vinkovci bg:Винковци cs:Vinkovci da:Vinkovci de:Vinkovci eo:Vinkovci fr:Vinkovci hr:Vinkovci it:Vinkovci sw:Vinkovci la:Cibalae lt:Vinkovcai hu:Vinkovce nl:Vinkovci ja:ヴィンコヴツィ pl:Vinkovci ro:Vinkovci ru:Винковцы sq:Vinkovci sr:Винковци sh:Vinkovci fi:Vinkovci sv:Vinkovci tr:Vinkovci uk:Вінковці vo:Vinkovci war:Vinkovci zh:溫科夫齊This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
Name | Ante Gotovina |
---|---|
Birth date | October 12, 1955 |
Birth place | Tkon, Zadar County, SFR YugoslaviaToday Croatia |
Nickname | Andrija Grabovac |
Allegiance | |
Branch | French Army |
Serviceyears | 1970s French Foreign Legion, 1991–1995 |
Rank | Caporal-chef in French ArmyLieutenant general (''general pukovnik'') of the Croatian Army |
Commands | Croatian Army Command |
Battles | Djibouti, Kolwezi, Zaire, Ivory Coast,Croatian War of IndependenceOperation Maslenica (1993)Operation Summer '95 (1995)Operation Storm (1995)Operation Mistral (1995) |
Awards | Red kneza Domagoja - 26.05.1995.Red bana Jelačića - 26.05.1995.Red hrvatskog trolista - 20.05.1996.Red hrvatskog križa - 20.05.1996. |
Laterwork | Retired, convicted |
Religion | Roman Catholic }} |
Ante Gotovina (born October 12, 1955) is a former Senior Corporal (''Caporal Chef'') of the French Foreign Legion and former Lieutenant General (''general pukovnik'') of the Croatian Army who served in the Croatian War for Independence. He was indicted in 2001 by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, accusing him of a "joint criminal enterprise" in an effort to expel Krajina Serbs from Croatia in 1995 during Operation Storm. After spending four years in hiding, he was captured in the Canary Islands on December 7, 2005. On April 15, 2011, Gotovina was found guilty on seven of the eight counts of the indictment and sentenced to 24 years of imprisonment.
He subsequently worked for a variety of French private security companies during the 1980s, among them KO International Company, a filial of VHP Security, known as a cover for the ''Service d'Action Civique'' (SAC), and was at this time responsible for the security of far-right politician Jean-Marie Le Pen. In 1981, together with Dominique Erulin, he helped editor Jean-Pierre Mouchard (a close friend of Jean-Marie Le Pen) organize a commando to free his press in La Seyne-sur-Mer, occupied by CGT trade-union strikers.
According to French police records, he became involved in criminal activities, which led to arrest warrants being issued for robbery and extortion; it has been reported that he served at least one two-year prison sentence, though this has been denied by his attorneys. Dominique Erulin claims the accusations were a political ploy made up by the left-wing factions allied with President François Mitterrand. Towards the end of the decade he moved to South America, where he provided training to a number of right-wing paramilitary organizations, notably in Argentina and Guatemala. He met his future wife, Ximena Dalel, in Colombia and had a daughter; they later divorced.
Arrested during a travel to France (Paris), he was sentenced in 1986 to five years of prison by Paris' ''Cour d'assise''. He was freed the next year, "in circumstances showing that he was benefiting from very particular protections". However, Gotovina's lawyers have submitted a brief to the International War Crimes Tribunal alleging that Gotovina was in fact framed by a criminal police group loyal to Francois Mitterrand, a group which was convicted for official misconduct by French courts in 2005.
Gotovina returned to Croatia in 1991 and enlisted in the Croatian National Guard (ZNG), the first organized military body of what would become the Croatian Army. He was an efficient commander and had the advantage – shared by relatively few other Croatian soldiers – of combat experience. He fought in western Slavonia: in Novska and Nova Gradiška. He soon caught the attention of his superiors, and when the Croatian Army was established as such in 1992, Gotovina was promoted to Colonel. As a colonel he was, along with Janko Bobetko and Anto Roso one of the main organizers of Operation Maslenica, which restored Croatia's territorial continuity in Dalmatia.
By 1994 he had risen to the rank of major-general and, as a ''general-pukovnik'' and commanding officer of the Split military district he organized key military operations: the defense of Livno and Tomislavgrad from the troops of Bosnian Serb general Ratko Mladić, and the ten-month war of attrition which broke the Serb defenses in the Plain of Livno, the Dinara Ridge and the Šator mountain. He led the conquest of Glamoč and Bosansko Grahovo (Operation Summer '95), which enabled him to close from the east the encirclement of Knin, the "capital" of the self-proclaimed "Republic of the Serb Krajina" (RSK). This ensured the conditions for the rapid success of Operation ''Oluja'' ("Storm") of August 4–6, 1995, in the course of which forces under his command captured Knin, which the Croats called the "Royal City of Croatia" since it had been the capital of the Croatian Kingdom in the Middle Ages.
Gotovina was then immediately put in charge of the combined forces of the Croatian Army (''Hrvatska Vojska'' or HV) and the Croatian Defense Council in Bosnia (''Hrvatsko Vijeće Obrane'' or HVO) in Operation Mistral, which defeated the army of the Bosnian Serbs and led the Croatian army, together with the Army of Bosnia-Herzegovina, within 23 kilometres of Banja Luka and was only stopped under American pressure. His success is why he is seen as a hero by many Croats.
In 1996, he became the chief of the Army Inspectorate. In September 2000, Gotovina was a signatory to the Twelve Generals' Letter, and was subsequently dismissed from active service.
''Gotovina, together with his co-accused Mladen Markač, a former commander of the special police of Croatia's interior ministry, and Ivan Čermak, assistant defense minister from 1991 to 1993, is charged with leading the three month long “Operation Storm", which resulted in the recapture of Croatia's Serb-held Krajina region in 1995 and changed the course of the war of independence. The three stand accused of aiding and abetting the murders of 324 Krajina Serb civilians and prisoners of war by "shooting, burning and/or stabbing" them and forcibly displacing almost 90,000 Serb civilians. Gotovina was charged with five counts of crimes against humanity (persecutions, deportation inhumane acts, murder) and four counts of violations of the laws or customs of war (plunder, wanton destruction, murder, cruel treatment) but he denied all charges."''
''Gotovina was convicted of committing war crimes and crimes against humanity, including murder, deportation, persecution and inhuman acts, during and immediately after a lightning campaign called Operation Storm that seized back land along Croatia's eastern border taken over by rebel Serbs early in the Balkan wars. Dozens of Serbs were killed and tens of thousands forced to flee their homes.'' ''Presiding Judge Alphons Orie cited one witness who recalled finding his elderly mother and mentally ill brother shot dead after hearing a Croatian soldier say, "I killed another one."'' ''The first prosecution witness in the case told judges artillery shells rained down on the city of Knin, hitting apartment blocks and a medical clinic.'' ''"As I ran, shells were falling around me," the witness said. Her identity was not released by the court.''For the four years (2001–2005), Gotovina remained at large despite intense pressure from the United States and the European Union for his surrender. In September 2005, ICTY's chief prosecutor Carla Del Ponte claimed she had information that he was hiding in a Franciscan monastery in Croatia or Bosnian Croat territory. She went to the Vatican to ask for help in locating him, but told The Daily Telegraph that Vatican foreign minister Archbishop Giovanni Lajolo had refused to help, telling her that the Vatican was not a state and thus had "no international obligations". Her comments infuriated the Church in Croatia as well as the Vatican, whose spokesman Joaquin Navarro-Valls said the archbishop asked Del Ponte what evidence she had to her claims, but she didn't provide any.
Foreign countries sought to track down Gotovina, and an Interpol warrant was issued for his arrest. The United States announced a $5 million (€4.2 million) reward for his capture. It was reported that the British Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) had sought to find Gotovina but that it had been thwarted after its intelligence officers were exposed in the Croatian media, allegedly at the behest of Gotovina's allies in one of Croatia' many intelligence services, the POA (''Protuobavještajna agencija'' or "Counter-Intelligence Agency"). The resulting scandal led to the sacking and replacement of POA head Franjo Turek.
The United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and some Scandinavian states made the surrender of Gotovina a precondition for Croatia's accession to the European Union. This stance was criticised by the Croatian government, which claimed that it did not know where Gotovina was, that he was probably outside the country and that it was doing all it could to bring him to justice. Accession negotiations with the EU, scheduled to start on March 17, 2005, were postponed pending a resolution of the issue. Croatia's bid for accession was finally accepted in October 2005 as part of a deal with Austria, which gained Croatia's admission in exchange for dropping its opposition to Turkey's candidacy. The ICTY announced at the same time that Croatia was then "cooperating fully" with the tribunal, but did not provide further details.
During his flight, Gotovina became a prominent icon of Croatian popular culture. Marko Perković and Miroslav Škoro, two popular Croatian musicians known for their right-wing views, recorded songs with lyrics implicitly praising the general and his flight. Both songs became huge hits, especially among younger fans. In 2006, the two most popular football teams in the country, Dinamo Zagreb and Hajduk Split, played a game in which all proceeds went to help finance Croatian generals.
Gotovina's popularity can be explained through several reasons: most obvious, he is regarded by many as a war hero. His flight fits the ancient Croatian stereotype of an outlaw, especially the hajduk - a person who defies distant and tyrannical authorities, this time embodied in The Hague, Brussels and other Western capitals whose governments demanded his arrest. There is an outlaw-celebrating culture of hajduks in Dinaric regions like the Dalmatian hinterland and neighbouring Croat-inhabited western Herzegovina and, in general, in all of the Balkans. Other Croats, regardless of their regional background, political persuasion or even attitude to wartime atrocities, praised Gotovina's flight as an act of defiance towards the Croatian political establishment.
In March 2005, a survey conducted on behalf of the U.S. Embassy in Croatia reported that 39% surveyed "completely disagree" that it is in Croatia's interest to extradite Gotovina while 15% "mostly disagree." Unofficial polls by television programs showed strong support, with over 90% of callers saying that they would prefer Gotovina to remain at large even if it meant not joining the European Union.
After Gotovina's arrest in Spain, several rallies and protests took place in Croatian cities. On December 11, 2005 (the first Sunday after his arrest), a rally organised by war veterans attracted between 40,000 and 70,000 Croatians in the city of Split to protest the arrest. Several retired generals attended the rally and expressed their support for Gotovina. On the same day, rallies were held in several other cities in Croatia, but with smaller attendance (in Zagreb some 500 people gathered).
Polls taken by the PULS Agency after Gotovina's arrest showed that 61% of the Croatian public saw Gotovina's arrest as bad news, while 14% saw it as good news, and the rest didn't know or have an opinion. On whether or not the accusations against the general had merit, 62% found the accusations baseless while only 17% thought they had merit, and the rest did not know. According to another opinion poll published by the left leaning newspaper ''Jutarnji list'' on December 11, 60% of those surveyed believed that Gotovina was not guilty of the criminal acts with which he had been charged, 17% believed that he was mostly not responsible, and only one respondent believed that he was completely responsible. 53.4% said that the arrest was bad for Croatia, while only 23.3% said that it was good for the country. 44.6% believed that Gotovina's capture would make it easier for Croatia to join the European Union, though 36.2% believed it would not .
In 2001 the Croatian writer Nenad Ivanković wrote a biography of Ante Gotovina titled ''Warrior-Adventurer and General (A Biography)''. The Croatian filmmaker Dejan Šorak wrote and directed ''Dva igrača s klupe'', a black comedy released in 2005 whose plot is inspired by the events surrounding the ICTY indictment against Ante Gotovina.
On December 10, 2005, Gotovina was flown to The Hague, where he appeared before the ICTY on December 12. He pleaded not guilty to the seven charges brought against him, which were all preceded with "acting individually and/or through [his] participation in the joint criminal enterprise, planned, instigated, ordered, committed, and/or aided and abetted the planning, preparation, and/or execution of":
According to his lawyer, Gotovina has declared that he is "not the man described in each and every count."
Following the death of Slobodan Milošević (who was imprisoned in ICTY prison cell just next to that of Gotovina), Ante Gotovina signed a condolence note to his family (together with Mladen Naletilić Tuta, Paško Ljubičić, Ivica Rajić and other Croat and Serb detainees, making the list 34 signatures long) which was published in Belgrade's ''Politika'' and ''Večernje novosti'' newspapers. Gotovina's attorney stated he signed because of his Catholic faith which stresses forgiveness.
The trial began on March 11, 2008, and concluded in September 2010 with the delivery of closing arguments. Misetic said he expected a verdict in two to 10 months' time, as has been the case with the tribunal's decisions to date. On April 15, 2011, Gotovina was found guilty on 7 of the 8 counts of the indictment and sentenced to 24 years of imprisonment.
A poll done immediately after the verdict showed that 95.4% of Croatians felt that the judgment against Gotovina was unjust, and 88% still saw him as a hero. Support for Croatia's accession to the European Union plummeted to 23.8%.
In June 2011, Ante Gotovina was ranked the second most creditable individual for the creation of the sovereign and democratic Croatia in a large poll conducted by Večernji list.
Category:1955 births Category:Living people Category:People from Tkon Category:People indicted by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia Category:People of the Croatian War of Independence Category:Croatian army officers Category:Soldiers of the French Foreign Legion
ar:أنته غوتوفينا be-x-old:Антэ Гатовіна bs:Ante Gotovina bg:Анте Готовина ca:Ante Gotovina cs:Ante Gotovina de:Ante Gotovina es:Ante Gotovina eo:Ante Gotovina fr:Ante Gotovina hr:Ante Gotovina it:Ante Gotovina lv:Ante Gotovina hu:Ante Gotovina nl:Ante Gotovina ja:アンテ・ゴトヴィナ no:Ante Gotovina pl:Ante Gotovina ru:Готовина, Анте sl:Ante Gotovina sr:Анте Готовина sh:Ante Gotovina fi:Ante Gotovina sv:Ante Gotovina uk:Анте ГотовінаThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
The World News (WN) Network, has created this privacy statement in order to demonstrate our firm commitment to user privacy. The following discloses our information gathering and dissemination practices for wn.com, as well as e-mail newsletters.
We do not collect personally identifiable information about you, except when you provide it to us. For example, if you submit an inquiry to us or sign up for our newsletter, you may be asked to provide certain information such as your contact details (name, e-mail address, mailing address, etc.).
When you submit your personally identifiable information through wn.com, you are giving your consent to the collection, use and disclosure of your personal information as set forth in this Privacy Policy. If you would prefer that we not collect any personally identifiable information from you, please do not provide us with any such information. We will not sell or rent your personally identifiable information to third parties without your consent, except as otherwise disclosed in this Privacy Policy.
Except as otherwise disclosed in this Privacy Policy, we will use the information you provide us only for the purpose of responding to your inquiry or in connection with the service for which you provided such information. We may forward your contact information and inquiry to our affiliates and other divisions of our company that we feel can best address your inquiry or provide you with the requested service. We may also use the information you provide in aggregate form for internal business purposes, such as generating statistics and developing marketing plans. We may share or transfer such non-personally identifiable information with or to our affiliates, licensees, agents and partners.
We may retain other companies and individuals to perform functions on our behalf. Such third parties may be provided with access to personally identifiable information needed to perform their functions, but may not use such information for any other purpose.
In addition, we may disclose any information, including personally identifiable information, we deem necessary, in our sole discretion, to comply with any applicable law, regulation, legal proceeding or governmental request.
We do not want you to receive unwanted e-mail from us. We try to make it easy to opt-out of any service you have asked to receive. If you sign-up to our e-mail newsletters we do not sell, exchange or give your e-mail address to a third party.
E-mail addresses are collected via the wn.com web site. Users have to physically opt-in to receive the wn.com newsletter and a verification e-mail is sent. wn.com is clearly and conspicuously named at the point of
collection.If you no longer wish to receive our newsletter and promotional communications, you may opt-out of receiving them by following the instructions included in each newsletter or communication or by e-mailing us at michaelw(at)wn.com
The security of your personal information is important to us. We follow generally accepted industry standards to protect the personal information submitted to us, both during registration and once we receive it. No method of transmission over the Internet, or method of electronic storage, is 100 percent secure, however. Therefore, though we strive to use commercially acceptable means to protect your personal information, we cannot guarantee its absolute security.
If we decide to change our e-mail practices, we will post those changes to this privacy statement, the homepage, and other places we think appropriate so that you are aware of what information we collect, how we use it, and under what circumstances, if any, we disclose it.
If we make material changes to our e-mail practices, we will notify you here, by e-mail, and by means of a notice on our home page.
The advertising banners and other forms of advertising appearing on this Web site are sometimes delivered to you, on our behalf, by a third party. In the course of serving advertisements to this site, the third party may place or recognize a unique cookie on your browser. For more information on cookies, you can visit www.cookiecentral.com.
As we continue to develop our business, we might sell certain aspects of our entities or assets. In such transactions, user information, including personally identifiable information, generally is one of the transferred business assets, and by submitting your personal information on Wn.com you agree that your data may be transferred to such parties in these circumstances.