This article relies on references to primary sources or sources affiliated with the subject, rather than references from independent authors and third-party publications. Please add citations from reliable sources. (November 2011)

Free Lossless Audio Codec

Developer(s)	Xiph.Org Foundation, Josh Coalson
Initial release	20 July 2001
Stable release	1.2.1 / 17 September 2007; 4 years ago  (2007-09-17)
Operating system	Cross-platform
Type	Audio codec, Audio file format
License	command-line utilities: GNU GPL libraries: BSD
Website	FLAC.SourceForge.net

FLAC ( /ˈflæk/; Free Lossless Audio Codec) is a codec (compressor-decompressor or coder-decoder) which allows digital audio to be losslessly compressed such that file size is reduced without any information being lost. Digital audio compressed by FLAC's algorithm can typically be reduced to 50–60% of its original size, and decompressed into an identical copy of the original audio data.

FLAC is an open format with royalty-free licensing and a reference implementation which is free software. FLAC has support for metadata tagging, album cover art, and fast seeking.

Though FLAC cannot store floating-point data, and playback support in portable audio devices and dedicated audio systems is limited compared to formats like MP3 or uncompressed PCM, FLAC is supported by more hardware devices than competing lossless compressed formats like WavPack.

History[link]

Development was started in 2000 by Josh Coalson.^[2] The bit-stream format was frozen when FLAC entered beta stage with the release of version 0.5 of the reference implementation on 15 January 2001. Version 1.0 was released on 20 July 2001.^[2]

On 29 January 2003, the Xiph.Org Foundation and the FLAC project announced the incorporation of FLAC under the Xiph.org banner. Xiph.org is behind other free compression formats such as Vorbis, Theora and Speex.^[2][3][4]

On 17 September 2007, version 1.2.1 was released.^{[further explanation needed]}

Composition[link]

The FLAC project consists of:

• The stream formats
• A simple container format for the stream, also called FLAC (or Native FLAC)
• libFLAC, a library of reference encoders and decoders, and a metadata interface
• libFLAC++, an object wrapper around libFLAC
• flac, a command-line program based on libFLAC to encode and decode FLAC streams
• metaflac, a command-line metadata editor for .flac files and for applying ReplayGain
• Input plugins for various music players (Winamp, XMMS, foobar2000, musikCube, and many more)
• With Xiph.org incorporation, the Ogg container format, suitable for streaming (also called Ogg FLAC)

The specification of the stream format can be implemented by anyone without prior permission (Xiph.org reserves the right to set the FLAC specification and certify compliance), and that neither the FLAC format nor any of the implemented encoding / decoding methods are covered by any patent. It also means that the reference implementation is free software. The source code for libFLAC and libFLAC++ is available under the BSD license, and the sources for flac, metaflac, and the plugins are available under the GNU General Public License.

In its stated goals, the FLAC project encourages its developers not to implement copy prevention features of any kind.^[5]

Design[link]

Audio sources encoded to FLAC are typically reduced to 50–60% of their original size.^[6]

FLAC supports only fixed-point samples, not floating-point. It can handle any PCM bit resolution from 4 to 32 bits per sample, any sampling rate from 1 Hz to 655,350 Hz in 1 Hz increments,^[7] and any number of channels from 1 to 8.^[8] Channels can be grouped in cases like stereo and 5.1 channel surround to take advantage of interchannel correlations to increase compression. FLAC uses CRC checksums for identifying corrupted frames when used in a streaming protocol, and also has a complete MD5 hash of the raw PCM audio stored in its STREAMINFO metadata header. FLAC allows for a Rice parameter between 0 and 16. FLAC supports ReplayGain.

FLAC uses linear prediction to convert the audio samples to a series of small, uncorrelated numbers (known as the residual), which are stored efficiently using Golomb-Rice coding. It also uses run-length encoding for blocks of identical samples, such as silent passages.

For tagging, FLAC uses the same system as Vorbis comments.^[7]

The libFLAC API is organized into streams, seekable streams, and files (listed in the order of increasing abstraction from the base FLAC bitstream). Most FLAC applications will generally restrict themselves to encoding/decoding using libFLAC at the file level interface.

Comparison to other formats[link]

FLAC is specifically designed for efficient packing of audio data, unlike general purpose lossless algorithms such as DEFLATE which is used in ZIP and gzip. While ZIP may compress a CD-quality audio file by 10–20%, FLAC achieves compression rates of 30–50% for most music, with significantly greater compression for voice recordings.

The technical strengths of FLAC compared to other lossless formats lie in its ability to be streamed and decoded quickly, which is independent of compression level. In a comparison of compressed audio formats, FFmpeg's FLAC implementation was noted to have the fastest and most efficient embedded decoder of any modern lossless audio format.^[9]

Since FLAC is a lossless scheme, it is suitable as an archive format for owners of CDs and other media who wish to preserve their audio collections. If the original media is lost, damaged, or worn out, a FLAC copy of the audio tracks ensures that an exact duplicate of the original data can be recovered at any time. An exact restoration from a lossy archive (e.g., MP3) of the same data is impossible. FLAC being lossless means it is highly suitable for transcode e.g. to MP3, without the normally associated transcoding quality loss. A CUE file can optionally be created when ripping a CD. If a CD is read and ripped perfectly to FLAC files, the CUE file allows later burning of an audio CD that is identical in audio data to the original CD, including track order, pregaps, and CD-Text. However, additional data present on some audio CDs such as lyrics and CD+G graphics are beyond the scope of a CUE file and most ripping software, so that data will not be archived.^{[citation needed]}

Adoption and implementations[link]

The reference implementation of FLAC is implemented as the libFLAC core encoder & decoder library, with the main distributable program flac being the reference implementation of the libFLAC API. This codec API is also available in C++ as libFLAC++. The reference implementation of FLAC compiles on many platforms, including most Unix (such as Solaris and Mac OS X) and Unix-like (including Linux, BSD), Microsoft Windows, BeOS, and OS/2 operating systems. There are build systems for autoconf/automake, MSVC, Watcom C, and Xcode. There is currently no multicore support in libFLAC.

Though FLAC playback support in portable audio devices and dedicated audio systems is limited compared to formats like MP3^[10] or uncompressed PCM, FLAC is supported by more hardware devices than competing lossless compressed formats like WavPack.^[6]

The European Broadcasting Union (EBU) has adopted the FLAC format for the distribution of high quality audio over its Euroradio network.^[11]

The Android operating system supports native FLAC playback since version 3.1.^[12][13]

See also[link]

Free software portal

• Comparison of audio formats
• ALAC

References[link]

External links[link]

• FLAC on SourceForge.net
• Flacatac: general info about using FLAC
• Comparison of lossless formats by Hans Heiden
• Lossless audio formats comparison: measuring FLAC against five other lossless audio formats
• GSMArena Phone Finder: all phones & tablets with FLAC support

Ellie Goulding
Goulding performing at Lincoln Hall, Chicago, U.S., March 30, 2011.
Background information
Birth name	Elena Jane Goulding
Born	(1986-12-30) 30 December 1986 (age 25) Hereford, Herefordshire, England
Origin	London, England
Genres	Indie pop, electropop, synthpop, folktronica
Occupations	Singer-songwriter, guitarist, pianist, drummer
Instruments	Vocals, guitar, drums, piano, clarinet, mandolin, tambourine
Years active	2007–present
Labels	Neon Gold, Polydor, Cherrytree, Interscope
Associated acts	Starsmith, Frankmusik, Diana Vickers, Gabriella Cilmi, Little Boots, Tinie Tempah, Erik Hassle, Lissie, Mumford & Sons, Skrillex,Swedish House Mafia, Lupe Fiasco, DJ Daaar
Website	elliegoulding.com

Elena Jane Goulding (born 30 December 1986),^[1] known professionally as Ellie Goulding, is an English singer-songwriter. In 2010 she became the second artist to both top the BBC's annual Sound of... poll and win the Critics' Choice Award at the BRIT Awards in the same year, following Adele's win of both in 2008. After signing to Polydor Records in 2009, she released her first EP in 2009, An Introduction to Ellie Goulding, followed by her debut studio album Lights in 2010. Her album debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart and has sold over 650,000 copies in the UK. "Lights" was released in America March 8th 2011, where the title track has been certified platinum by the RIAA (excess of 1 million units sold) ^[2].

Goulding is a soprano,^[3] and her musical style has been compared to that of Kate Nash, Meiko, Lykke Li and Tracey Thorn.^[4]

Background and personal life[link]

Goulding was born and brought up in a small town near Hereford, Herefordshire, the second of four children.^[5][6] She began playing the clarinet at the age of nine, and at 14 began learning guitar. She attended Lady Hawkins' School in Kington, where she won a main part in a school production, the Wizard Of Oz, as the scarecrow. She started songwriting at the age of 15 and while in college she won a singing competition.^[7]

After commencing a drama course, politics course, and an English course at the University of Kent,^[8] where she was exposed to electronic music, she developed her sound on the track "Wish I Stayed" with the help of Starsmith and Frankmusik. Starsmith went on to become her chief collaborator and primary producer of Lights. After two years at Kent, she was advised to take a gap year to pursue singing,^[9][10] and moved to West London.^[11]

She is a keen runner, running six miles every day, and in 2010 announced plans to run a marathon.^[6] In support of her second EP, Run Into the Light, she invited a small number of fans through her Facebook pages, to run with her in seven different cities on her UK tour,^[12] and has announced that she will be doing the same across Europe and the United States. Goulding is considered to have an impressively athletic physique.^[13][14][15]

Music career[link]

Early career[link]

Signed to Polydor Records in September 2009,^[9] Goulding's debut single, "Under the Sheets", was released digitally in the United Kingdom on 15 November 2009,^[16] peaking at number fifty-three on the UK Singles Chart.^[17] In October 2009 she toured the UK supporting Little Boots,^[18] and appeared on Later... with Jools Holland, performing "Under the Sheets" and "Guns and Horses".^[19] "Wish I Stayed" was available as a free download as the Single of the Week on iTunes Store UK from 22–28 December 2009.^[20]

[edit] 2009–11: Lights and Bright Lights

Before the release of her debut studio album, Goulding won the BBC Sound of 2010 poll, which showcases the critics, broadcasters and music industry insiders' top choices for rising stars and artists for the coming year.^[21] She also won the Critics' Choice Award at the 2010 BRIT Awards, which prize made her the second artist to win both in the same year.^[22]

Goulding performing in Amsterdam on 17 September 2010.

Goulding's debut album Lights was released in March 2010, reaching number one on the UK Albums Chart and number six on the Irish Albums Chart.^[23][24][25] Its singles, "Starry Eyed", "Guns and Horses" and "The Writer" peaked at numbers 4, 26, and 19 respectively.^[17] The album has sold over 650,000 copies in the UK as of April 2012.^[26] In August 2010, Goulding released a second EP, Run Into the Light, containing remixes of songs from Lights. The album was supported by Nike and was released through Polydor as a running soundtrack in an effort to get Goulding's music taken up by the national running subculture.^[12]

In November 2010, Lights was re-released as Bright Lights, with six new tracks added. It was originally announced that the lead single from Bright Lights would be the new edit of the title track with a release scheduled for 1 November 2010.^[27] Yet this was scrapped to allow her cover of Elton John's "Your Song" to be released in conjunction with the John Lewis Christmas 2010 advertising campaign in the UK.^[28] The single became Goulding's highest-charting single to date, reaching number two on the UK Singles Chart.^[17] The song also charted in some European countries in early 2011.^[29]

Goulding toured in support of Lights and supported Passion Pit in March 2010 and John Mayall during his British tour in May 2010.^[30] During the summer she performed at a number of festivals. On 29 May she performed at the Dot to Dot Festival in Bristol.^[12] She performed a set on 25 June at the Glastonbury Festival 2010 on the John Peel Stage.^[31] Her third EP was a live recording of part of her set at the iTunes Festival 2010.^[32] The whole set was ultimately included as bonus content on the iTunes version of Bright Lights.^[33] She made her T in the Park debut on 11 July.^[34] She played on the Nissan Juke Arena at the 2010 V Festival in late August.^[35] In September she was part of the line-up at Bestival 2010 on the Isle of Wight.^[36] In support of the album in Europe she performed on the first day of Pukkelpop in Belgium, at the Open'er Festival in Poland and at Benicàssim in Spain.^[37] A track from Lights, "Every Time You Go", was featured in the Vampire Diaries episode "Founder's Day", "Your Biggest Mistake" appeared in an episode of The Inbetweeners.^[38] and "Believe Me" appeared in an episode of 90210. She began a tour of the United States and Canada in February 2011 to coincide with the release of the American edition of Lights.^[39] In August/September 2010 the singer was an opening act on Irish alternative rock band U2's U2 360 Tour in Munich, Germany, Vienna, Austria, and Zurich, Switzerland.^{[citation needed]}

In January 2011 it was announced that the title track from Lights would serve as the second single from Bright Lights.^[40] In early 2011 she recorded an original song for the film Life in a Day. Goulding was placed at number five on Rolling Stone's annual hot list in February 2011.^[41] In February 2011 she returned to the BRIT Awards where she was nominated for Best British Female and Best British Breakthrough Act, but lost out to Laura Marling and Tinie Tempah, respectively.^[42] Previously she had performed at the BRITs launch party where the nominations were announced.

She also played live at Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival in April 2011.^[6] Goulding made her American television debut on Jimmy Kimmel Live on 7 April 2011 performing "Starry Eyed". She appeared as the musical guest on the 700th episode of the Saturday Night Live, broadcast 7 May 2011 and hosted by Tina Fey.^[43][44] She served as one of many live performers at the wedding reception of Prince William and Kate Middleton on 29 April 2011 singing her rendition of "Your Song" for the couple's first dance as well as her hits "The Writer" and "Starry Eyed" and several of William and Kate's personal favourites.^[45] She was introduced to Prince William by Tinie Tempah at a music festival during the summer of 2010. Goulding performed, for the second consecutive year, at Radio 1's Big Weekend on Saturday 14 May.^[46]

Goulding headlined the 2011 Wakestock Festival in Wales, performing on 8 July.^[47] In August she, again, performed at V Festival for her second year in a row.^[48] Following the re-release of Lights and the American release of the album, Goulding said she would soon begin work on a second studio album with an expected release in September 2011.^[49]

On 6 August 2011, Goulding performed at Lollapalooza in Chicago.^[50] Goulding performed at the annual Nobel Peace Prize Concert on 11 December 2011 in Oslo, Norway, where she also served on a panel discussion with Amy Lee of Evanescence and Janelle Monáe.^[51] On 1 December 2011, Goulding performed at the White House during the National Christmas Tree lighting ceremony, alongside the likes of Big Time Rush and will.i.am.^[52] On 18 January 2012, Goulding performed "Lights" on Late Show with David Letterman.^[53]

2011–present: Second studio album[link]

In February 2011, Goulding told the Daily Star that she had plans to release a follow-up to Lights sometime in 2012, commenting, "I'm not going to go away for ages. It'll be out this year or the start of next."^[54] The following month, when asked about the album's musical direction in an interview with gossip website Dean Piper's World, Goulding stated, "It's started to sound very dark and very weird. This album is going to be even more emotional [...] I wanted to make it so there is hope. I want to make an effect whether it's happy or sad."^[55] In April 2012, Goulding stated that she hoped the album would be released in October 2012.^[26] That same month, her single Lights was certified platinum in the United States by the RIAA ^[56].

Work with other artists[link]

Goulding co-wrote "Love Me 'Cause You Want To" for Gabriella Cilmi's second album, Ten, and three songs, "Remake Me + You", "Notice" and "Jumping Into Rivers", for Diana Vickers's debut album, Songs from the Tainted Cherry Tree.^[57] Her song "Not Following" was used by German singer Lena on her debut album My Cassette Player.^[58] Goulding was featured on rapper Tinie Tempah's single "Wonderman" from his debut studio album Disc-Overy. Goulding's "Under the Sheets" was also remixed by American rap duo Chiddy Bang, featured on their 2010 mixtape Air Swell, and by DJ Frenzy (F^K Y3AH! Breaks Mix). Frankmusik, who produced Goulding's song "Wish I Stayed", told Digital Spy he hoped to collaborate with her on his second album, Do It in the AM.^[59] "Lights" was remixed by Bassnectar, which appears on his 2011 album Divergent Spectrum.

On 19 September 2011, it was announced that Goulding would open for Katy Perry on her "California Dreams Tour", replacing Jessie J due to a foot injury.^[60][61]

On 14 December 2011, Mika announced that Goulding had involvement in his upcoming album The Origin of Love.^[62]

Goulding collaborated with American electro artist and producer Skrillex on a song titled "Summit", included on his 2011 EP Bangarang.

Discography[link]

• 2010: Lights

Tours[link]

Headlining[link] Ellie Goulding Tour (2010) The LIGHTS Tour (US) (2011) Awards and nominations[link] Year Organization Nominated work Category Result 2010 BBC Sound of 2010 Ellie Goulding Sound of 2010 Won BRIT Awards Critics' Choice Won Q Awards Best Female Artist Nominated Best Breakthrough Artist Nominated MTV Europe Music Awards Best UK & Ireland Act Nominated 2010 MP3 Music Awards The BNC Award Nominated BT Digital Music Awards Best Female Artist Nominated UK Festival Awards Best Breakthrough Artist Nominated Virgin Media Music Awards Best Newcomer Nominated Lights Best Album Nominated 2011 BRIT Awards Ellie Goulding Best British Female Nominated Best British Breakthrough Act Nominated 2011 Glamour Magazine Awards Pandora Newcomer of the Year 2011 Won References[link] ^ "Ellie Goulding". BBC Music. BBC Online. 2009. http://www.bbc.co.uk/music/artists/33ca19f4-18c8-4411-98df-ac23890ce9f5#p00cx3z0. Retrieved 19 February 2011.  ^ http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a378404/ellie-goulding-tops-one-million-single-sales-in-us.html ^ Rosen, Jody (8 March 2011). "Lights". Rolling Stone. Wenner Media. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/albumreviews/lights-20110308. Retrieved 8 March 2011.  ^ Lester, Paul (16 February 2009). "New band of the day – No 486: Ellie Goulding". The Guardian. guardian.co.uk. http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2009/feb/16/new-band-ellie-goulding. Retrieved 19 February 2011.  ^ "About « Ellie Goulding". elliegoulding.com. http://elliegoulding.com/about. Retrieved 20 January 2012.  ^ a b c Harrod, Horatia (21 February 2011). "'He was Obsessed with Murder': Ellie Goulding interview". The Daily Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/8338164/He-was-Obsessed-with-Murder-Ellie-Goulding-interview.html. Retrieved 23 February 2011.  ^ "Ellie Goulding – EPK". YouTube. 19 January 2011. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=psrbUiOErrc. Retrieved 24 February 2011.  ^ Smart, Gordon (12 August 2010). "Ellie: My stepdad was horrible. He had no brains. If I saw him again I'd punch him in the face". The Sun. News Group Newspapers. http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/showbiz/bizarre/3091719/Ellie-Goulding-on-her-turbulent-childhood.html. Retrieved 23 February 2011.  ^ a b Ferguson, Paul (4 September 2009). "Herefordshire singer, Ellie Goulding, signs recording deal with Polydor". Hereford Times. Newsquest. http://www.herefordtimes.com/news/4581912.Herefordshire_singer__Ellie_Goulding__signs_recording_deal_with_Polydor/. Retrieved 8 January 2010.  ^ "Ellie Goulding's spiritual home". BBC Mid Wales. 17 November 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/midwales/hi/people_and_places/music/newsid_8362000/8362162.stm. Retrieved 8 January 2010.  ^ "University drop-out Ellie Goulding named as top breakthrough music act for 2010". Daily Record. 8 January 2010. http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/showbiz/music-news/2010/01/08/university-drop-out-ellie-goulding-named-as-top-breakthrough-music-act-for-2010-86908-21952076/. Retrieved 8 January 2010.  ^ a b c Sabbagh, Dan (20 February 2011). "Music is thriving, but the business is dying. Who can make it pay again?". The Observer. http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2011/feb/20/pop-music-business-digital-revolution. Retrieved 23 February 2011.  ^ "Are you taking workout tips from Madonna? Ellie Goulding shows off muscular biceps and toned pins in Lycra". Daily Mail. Mail Online. 20 May 2011. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-1389003/Ellie-Goulding-shows-muscular-biceps-toned-pins-Lycra.html. Retrieved 26 May 2011.  ^ Higbee, Jonathan (4 March 2011). "From Sea to Shining Sea: Instinct Interviews Ellie Goulding". Instinct. http://instinctmagazine.com/blogs/web-exclusives/from-sea-to-shining-sea-instinct-interviews-ellie-goulding. Retrieved 26 May 2011.  ^ Kelly, Kristy (25 May 2011). "Ellie Goulding: 'I'm ripped for a girl'". Digital Spy. http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/showbiz/news/a321435/ellie-goulding-im-ripped-for-a-girl.html. Retrieved 26 May 2011.  ^ "Under the Sheets – EP by Ellie Goulding". iTunes Store UK. Apple Inc. http://itunes.apple.com/gb/album/under-the-sheets-ep/id338264167. Retrieved 2 January 2010.  ^ a b c "Ellie Goulding". Official Charts Company. Chart Stats. http://www.chartstats.com/artistinfo.php?id=12453. Retrieved 20 August 2010.  ^ Leanne (28 September 2009). "Little Boots To Release New Single 'Earthquake'". Glasswerk National. http://www.glasswerk.co.uk/news/national/6730/Little+Boots+To+Release+New+Single+Earthquake. Retrieved 1 October 2009.  ^ "Later... with Jools Holland, Series 35, Episode 7". BBC Two. BBC Online. 30 October 2009. http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00npj43. Retrieved 18 December 2009.  ^ "Wish I Stayed – Single of the Week by Ellie Goulding". iTunes Store UK. Apple Inc. http://itunes.apple.com/gb/album/wish-i-stayed-single-week/id347421814. Retrieved 26 December 2009.  ^ Youngs, Ian (8 January 2010). "Ellie Goulding tops BBC Sound of 2010 music list". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8442389.stm. Retrieved 8 January 2008.  ^ Press Association (9 December 2009). "Newcomer Ellie Goulding scoops Critics' Choice". The Independent. http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/newcomer-ellie-goulding-scoops-critics-choice-award-1836982.html. Retrieved 9 December 2009.  ^ "Ellie Goulding debut tops album chart". BBC News. 7 March 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8554453.stm. Retrieved 8 March 2010.  ^ "Ellie Goulding reveals debut album details – exclusive". NME. IPC Media. 6 January 2010. http://www.nme.com/news/ellie-goulding/49094. Retrieved 6 January 2010.  ^ "Top 75 Artist Album, Week Ending 4 March 2010". Irish Recorded Music Association. Chart-Track. http://www.chart-track.co.uk/index.jsp?c=p%2Fmusicvideo%2Fmusic%2Farchive%2Findex_test.jsp&ct=240002&arch=t&lyr=2010&year=2010&week=9. Retrieved 5 March 2010.  ^ a b Corner, Lewis (23 April 2012). "Ellie Goulding hoping to release second album in October". Digital Spy. http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a378025/ellie-goulding-hoping-to-release-second-album-in-october.html. Retrieved 23 April 2012.  ^ Goulding, Ellie (8 September 2010). "Excited to announce that m ...". Twitter. http://twitter.com/elliegoulding/status/23930243782. Retrieved 21 January 2011.  ^ Beasley, Mark. "Our Christmas 2010 TV advert". John Lewis. John Lewis Partnership. http://www.johnlewis.com/Magazine/Feature.aspx?Id=666. Retrieved 20 November 2010.  ^ "Ellie Goulding – Your Song". Swedish Recording Industry Association. Hung Medien. http://swedishcharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Ellie+Goulding&titel=Your+Song&cat=s. Retrieved 4 February 2011.  ^ Youngs, Ian (7 January 2010). "BBC Sound of 2010: Ellie Goulding". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8445641.stm. Retrieved 6 March 2011.  ^ "BBC – Glastonbury Festival – Ellie Goulding". BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/glastonbury/2010/artists/elliegoulding/. Retrieved 23 February 2011.  ^ "iTunes Festival: London 2010 – EP by Ellie Goulding". iTunes Store UK. Apple Inc. http://itunes.apple.com/gb/album/itunes-festival-london-2010/id382616884. Retrieved 22 January 2011.  ^ "Bright Lights by Ellie Goulding". iTunes Store UK. Apple Inc. http://itunes.apple.com/gb/album/bright-lights/id404772330. Retrieved 22 January 2011.  ^ "BBC – T in the Park Festival – Ellie Goulding". BBC Music. http://www.bbc.co.uk/music/tinthepark/2010/artists/ellie_goulding/. Retrieved 23 February 2011.  ^ "Ellie Goulding at V Festival". 4Music. http://www.4music.com/artist/ellie-goulding/interview-at-v-festival-2010.html. Retrieved 23 February 2011.  ^ Bestival – News Archived 31 January 2011 at WebCite ^ "More Ellie Goulding festival dates". Facebook. 27 May 2010. http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=398792669517. Retrieved 23 February 2011.  ^ "Goulding records a track for the inbetweeners". E4.com. 5 October 2010. http://www.e4.com/inbetweeners/series3/music-ep1.html. Retrieved 13 July 2011.  ^ "Ellie Announces US Tour". elliegoulding.com. 3 February 2011. http://elliegoulding.com/news/ellie-announces-us-tour/. Retrieved 23 February 2011.  ^ "First Cherrytree Blog!". Cherrytree Records. 12 January 2011. http://www.cherrytreerecords.com/profiles/blogs/first-cherrytree-blog. Retrieved 12 January 2011.  ^ "Ellie Featured In Rolling Stone Hot List". Facebook. 8 February 2011. http://www.facebook.com/notes/ellie-goulding/ellie-featured-in-rolling-stone-hot-list/10150095243549518. Retrieved 13 July 2011.  ^ "Brit Awards 2011: Winners". BBC News. 15 February 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-12187205. Retrieved 7 February 2012.  ^ Seidman, Robert (25 April 2011). ""Saturday Night Live (SNL)" Closes Out Season with Tina Fey/Ellie Goulding, Ed Helms/Paul Simon and Justin Timberlake/Lady Gaga". TV by the Numbers. Zap2it. http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2011/04/25/saturday-night-live-snl-closes-out-season-with-tina-feyellie-goulding-ed-helmspaul-simon-and-justin-timberlakelady-gaga/90480. Retrieved 25 April 2011.  ^ Cline, Georgette. "Ellie Goulding Shines 'Lights' on 'Saturday Night Live'". Spinner. http://www.spinner.com/2011/05/08/ellie-goulding-shines-lights-on-saturday-night-live/. Retrieved 9 January 2012.  ^ "Ellie Goulding Sang At Royal Wedding". MTV UK. MTV Networks Europe. 30 April 2011. http://www.mtv.co.uk/news/ellie-goulding/268429-ellie-goulding-royal-wedding-prince-william-kate-middleton. Retrieved 9 September 2011.  ^ "Ellie Goulding Photos – BBC Radio 1's Big Weekend 2011 – Day 1". Zimbio. http://www.zimbio.com/photos/Ellie+Goulding/BBC+Radio+1+Weekend+2011+Day+1/1EdPYT80KXe. Retrieved 15 May 2011.  ^ "Biffy Clyro, Wombats, Ellie Goulding to headline Wakestock festival". NME. IPC Media. 31 January 2011. http://www.nme.com/news/biffy-clyro/54767. Retrieved 23 February 2011.  ^ "Ellie To Play V Festival". elliegoulding.com. 1 March 2011. http://elliegoulding.com/#/news/ellie-to-play-v-festival/. Retrieved 6 March 2011.  ^ "‪Ellie Goulding interview with T4‬‏". YouTube. 14 January 2011. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HTjaLYlBxOg. Retrieved 13 July 2011.  ^ Kaufman, Gil (7 August 2011). "Lollapalooza Day Two: Skylar Grey, Patrick Stump, Ellie Goulding Mix It Up". MTV Newsroom. MTV Networks. http://newsroom.mtv.com/2011/08/07/lollapalooza-skylar-grey-patrick-stump/. Retrieved 9 January 2012.  ^ "Edgy Ellie: Starry Eyed singer Goulding trades her long blonde locks for a trendy half-shaved 'do". Daily Mail. Mail Online. 12 December 2011. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2072970/Ellie-Goulding-ditches-trademark-long-blonde-locks-shaved-pink-hairdo.html. Retrieved 9 January 2012.  ^ Roberts, Steven (29 November 2011). "Ellie Goulding Brings Lights To National Christmas Tree". MTV News. MTV Networks. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1675078/ellie-goulding-national-christmas-tree-lighting.jhtml. Retrieved 9 January 2012.  ^ "Ellie Goulding Performs Lights on Letterman". Cherrytree Records. 19 February 2012. http://www.cherrytreerecords.com/profiles/blogs/ellie-goulding-performs-lights-on-letterman. Retrieved 24 February 2012.  ^ Dawson, Kim (11 February 2011). "Ellie Goulding faces hell of a title fight". Daily Star. Northern & Shell Media Publications. http://www.dailystar.co.uk/playlist/view/176324/Ellie-Goulding-faces-hell-of-a-title-fight/. Retrieved 7 February 2012.  ^ Piper, Dean (7 March 2011). "EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW: Ellie Goulding". Dean Piper's World. http://deanpiper.com/2011/03/07/exclusive-interview-ellie-goulding/. Retrieved 7 February 2012.  ^ http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a378404/ellie-goulding-tops-one-million-single-sales-in-us.html ^ Smyth, David (15 January 2010). "Diana Vickers: proper bow". Popjustice. http://www.popjustice.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=4355&Itemid=9. Retrieved 4 February 2010.  ^ "Lena Meyer-Landrut kriegt von Ellie Goulding Song geschenkt" (in German). Klatsch-Tratsch. 13 May 2010. http://www.klatsch-tratsch.de/2010/05/13/lena-meyer-landrut-kriegt-von-ellie-goulding-song-geschenkt/51893. Retrieved 21 February 2011.  ^ Copsey, Robert (11 May 2011). "Frankmusik eyes Ellie Goulding collaboration". Digital Spy. http://www.digitalspy.com/music/news/a318942/frankmusik-eyes-ellie-goulding-collaboration.html. Retrieved 13 July 2011.  ^ Bain, Becky (19 September 2011). "Katy Perry Replaces Jessie J. With Ellie Goulding On California Dreams Tour". Idolator. Buzz Media. http://idolator.com/6017282/katy-perry-replaces-jessie-j-with-ellie-goulding-california-dreams-tour. Retrieved 7 February 2012.  ^ Perry, Katy. "Ellie Goulding to Join the California Dreams Tour in November". Ellie Goulding to Join the California Dreams Tour in November. Capitol Records. http://www.katyperry.com/ellie-goulding-to-join-the-california-dreams-tour-in-november/. Retrieved 2012-02-23.  ^ Mika (14 December 2011). "Blog from MIKA". Facebook. http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150435075513580. Retrieved 14 December 2011.  External links[link] Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Ellie Goulding Official website Preceded by Little Boots Sound of... 2010 Succeeded by Jessie J v t e Ellie Goulding Discography Studio albums Lights Extended plays An Introduction to Ellie Goulding iTunes Festival: London 2010 Run Into the Light Singles "Under the Sheets" "Starry Eyed" "Guns and Horses" "The Writer" "Your Song" "Lights" Featured singles "Wonderman" Related articles Polydor Records Cherrytree Records Neon Gold Records Tinie Tempah Skrillex Persondata Name Goulding, Ellie Alternative names Goulding, Elena Jane Short description English singer-songwriter Date of birth 30 December 1986 Place of birth Hereford, Herefordshire, England Date of death Place of death .

Amit Trivedi
Background information
Born	(1979-07-11) 11 July 1979 (age 32) Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Genres	Soundtrack, film score
Occupations	Composer, record producer, singer, instrumentalist, lyricist
Years active	2001–present

Amit Trivedi (Hindi: अमित त्रिवेदी) is an Indian film composer, musician, singer and lyricist, working in Bollywood. He is a Gujarati. After working as a theater and jingle composer and composing for non-film albums, he debuted as a film composer in the 2008 Hindi film Aamir,^[1] and shot to fame in the Hindi film music scene with his critically acclaimed work in the more popular Dev.D (2009),^[2][3] which earned him several accolades, including the 2010 National Film Award for Best Music Direction for Dev.D.

Career[link]

In his younger days, an electronic musical instrument fascinated Trivedi and he was slowly drawn towards music, mainly influenced by classical music. At 19-20, he began composing music. In college days joined the band Om, who performed at local gigs, small shows and live performances. They struck gold when Times Music took notice at one of their shows, and offered to launch their album. The album however did not fare well, due to lack of promotion.^[4] Eventually Trivedi went on to compose for theatre (Hindi, English and Gujarati plays), background music for television shows, live performances, dandiya shows, orchestras etc. He also had a brief stint composing advertisement jingles, for brands such as McDonalds and Airtel.^[5] After sound engineer and Audio Garage Recording Studio owner Arvind Vishwakarma introduced Trivedi to Sony BMG, he began composing music for non-film albums. As a part of his two year contract, Trivedi composed some tracks for Abhijeet Sawant’s Junoon and one song in Prashant Tamang's debut album.He arranged for many musician including Amartya Rahut for a marathi movie Uttarayan in 2004.

Film music eventually came his way, when friend and playback singer Shilpa Rao suggested his name to film director Anurag Kashyap. The latter was in search of a new composer with a distinct vision for his next film. After meeting Trivedi, Kashyap offered him the chance to compose the soundtrack to Dev.D. Although it was scheduled to be his debut, Dev.D ran into production delays and was shelved for some time.

Upon Kashyap's recommendation, Trivedi was roped in to score Raj Kumar Gupta's directorial venture Aamir. Trivedi and Gupta worked on making the soundtrack fuse with the film narrative, resulting in an effort that garnered critical recognition.^[6][7]

By the end of 2008, Dev.D was finally released. The soundtrack, released in December, consisted of 18 tracks of different genres. Trivedi dubbed the soundtrack the "baap of different genres". He sang five songs on the soundtrack, and wrote the lyrics for one ("Aankh Micholi"). He shot to fame with the unusual music of Dev. D, giving many chart-busters like "Emosanal Attyachar", "Saali Khushi", "O Pardesi" and many more. He was conferred with both the R. D. Burman Award and the Best Background Score at the Filmfare Awards 2010,^[8] before receiving the National Film Award for Best Music Direction, the highest recognition for Indian composers. Amit wrote the score for the 2009 Hindi Film, Wake Up Sid and one of his compositions "Iktaara" was also included in the soundtrack. In 2009 itself, Amit was roped in by Anshu Sharma (Creative Director from Rediffusion Y&R) to compose the team anthem "Game for More" for Royal Challengers Bangalore which is a team owned by liquor baron Vijay Mallya. Between scoring for films, Amit also wrote the title track for the reality show Big Switch aired on UTV Bindaas.