- published: 05 Oct 2008
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Abuja
Abuja is the capital city of Nigeria. It is located in the center of Nigeria, within the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). Abuja is a planned city, and was built mainly in the 1980s. It officially became Nigeria's capital on 12 December 1991, replacing Lagos, which is still the country's most populous city. At the 2006 census, the city of Abuja had a population of 778,567, making it one of the top ten most populous cities in Nigeria.
Abuja's geography is defined by Aso Rock, a 400-metre monolith left by water erosion. The Presidential Complex, National Assembly, Supreme Court and much of the town extend to the south of the rock.
Other sights include the Nigerian National Mosque and the Nigerian National Christian Centre. The city is served by the Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport, while Zuma Rock lies nearby. Abuja is known for being the best purpose-built city in Africa as well as being one of the wealthiest and most expensive; however, the population on the semi-developed edges of the city are living in rural areas such as Karu, Nasarawa State.
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Acropolis of Athens
Coordinates: 37°58′17″N 23°43′34″E / 37.971421°N 23.726166°E / 37.971421; 23.726166
The Acropolis of Athens (Greek: Ακρόπολη Αθηνών) is an ancient citadel located on a high rocky outcrop above the city of Athens and containing the remains of several ancient buildings of great architectural and historic significance, the most famous being the Parthenon. The word acropolis (pl. acropoleis) comes from the Greek words ἄκρον (akron, "edge, extremity") and πόλις (polis, "city"). Although there are many other acropoleis in Greece, the significance of the Acropolis of Athens is such that it is commonly known as "The Acropolis" without qualification.
The Acropolis was formally proclaimed as the preeminent monument on the European Cultural Heritage list of monuments on 26 March 2007.
wn.com/Acropolis_of_Athens -
Adelaide
Adelaide (
/ˈædəleɪd/) is the capital city of South Australia and the fifth-largest city in Australia. Adelaide has an estimated population of more than 1.2 million. The demonym "Adelaidean" is used in reference to the city and its residents. Adelaide is located north of the Fleurieu Peninsula, on the Adelaide Plains between the Gulf St Vincent and the low-lying Mount Lofty Ranges which surround the city. Adelaide stretches 20 km (12 mi) from the coast to the foothills, and 90 km (56 mi) from Gawler at its northern extent to Sellicks Beach in the south.
Named in honour of Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, queen consort to King William IV, the city was founded in 1836 as the planned capital for a freely settled British province in Australia.Colonel William Light, one of Adelaide's founding fathers, designed the city and chose its location close to the River Torrens in the area originally inhabited by the Kaurna people. Light's design set out Adelaide in a grid layout, interspaced by wide boulevards and large public squares, and entirely surrounded by parkland. Early Adelaide was shaped by religious freedom and a commitment to political progressivism and civil liberties, which led to the moniker "City of Churches".
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Akaroa
Akaroa is a village on Banks Peninsula in the Canterbury region of the South Island of New Zealand, situated within a harbour of the same name. The name Akaroa is Kāi Tahu Māori for 'Long Harbour'.
Akaroa is 84km by road from Christchurch and is the terminus of State Highway 75. At the March 2001 New Zealand census of population and dwellings, the permanent population was 576, a decrease of 69 since 1996. The village has a high (31%) ratio of residents aged over 65.
Set on a beautiful, sheltered harbour and overlooked by craggy volcanic hills, Akaroa is a popular resort village and in summer the temporary population can reach 7,000 which places stress on the summer water supply, which is entirely dependent upon rainfall on the hills.
Many Hector's Dolphins may be found within Akaroa harbour, and 'swim with the dolphins' boat tours are a major tourist attraction.
In 1830 the Māori settlement at Takapuneke, just east of the current village of Akaroa, became the scene of a notorious incident. The Captain of the British brig Elizabeth, John Stewart, helped North Island Ngāti Toa chief, Te Rauparaha, to capture the local Ngai Tahu chief, Te Maiharanui, his wife Te Whe and his young daughter, Roi Mata. The settlement of Takapuneke was sacked. Concern over the complicity of John Stewart, amongst other lawlessness among Europeans in New Zealand, led to the appointment of an official British Resident James Busby to New Zealand in 1832 - the first step in the British involvement that led to the Treaty of Waitangi.
wn.com/Akaroa -
Albania
Albania (
i/ælˈbeɪniə/ al-BAY-nee-ə, Albanian: Shqipëri/Shqipëria; Gheg Albanian: Shqipnia), officially known as the Republic of Albania (Albanian: Republika e Shqipërisë pronounced Albanian pronunciation: [ɾɛpuˈblika ɛ ʃcipəˈɾiːs]), is a country in Southern Europe. It is bordered by Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the northeast, the Republic of Macedonia to the east and Greece to the south and southeast. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the west, and on the Ionian Sea to the southwest. It is less than 72 km (45 mi) from Italy, across the Strait of Otranto which links the Adriatic Sea to the Ionian Sea.
Albania is a member of the UN, NATO, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, Council of Europe, World Trade Organisation, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and one of the founding members of the Union for the Mediterranean. Albania has been a potential candidate for accession to the European Union since January 2003, and it formally applied for EU membership on 28 April 2009.
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Alberta
Alberta /ælˈbɜrtə/ is a province of Canada. It had a population of 3,645,257 in 2011, making it the most populous of Canada's three prairie provinces. Alberta and its neighbour, Saskatchewan, were established as provinces on September 1, 1905.
Alberta is located in western Canada, bounded by the provinces of British Columbia to the west and Saskatchewan to the east, the Northwest Territories to the north, and the US state of Montana to the south. Alberta is one of three Canadian provinces and territories to border only a single U.S. state and is also one of only two provinces that are landlocked.
Edmonton, the capital city of Alberta, is located near the geographic centre of the province and is the primary supply and service hub for Canada's oil sands and other northern resource industries. Approximately 300 kilometres (190 mi) south of the capital is Calgary, Alberta's largest city and a major distribution and transportation hub. Calgary and Edmonton centre Alberta's two census metropolitan areas, both of which have populations exceeding 1 million.Census agglomerations in the province include Lethbridge, Red Deer, Medicine Hat, Wood Buffalo (includes Fort McMurray), Grande Prairie, Lloydminster, Okotoks, Brooks, Camrose, Cold Lake, High River, Sylvan Lake, Wetaskiwin, Strathmore, Canmore, and Lacombe. Notable tourist destinations in the province include Canmore, Sylvan Lake, Drumheller, Banff, and Jasper.
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Alexandria
Alexandria (Arabic: الإسكندرية Al Iskandariyya, Coptic: Ⲣⲁⲕⲟⲧⲉ Rakotə, Greek: Αλεξάνδρεια Alexándria, Koine Greek: Ἀλεξάνδρεια ἡ κατ' Αἴγυπτον IPA: [ɑlɛˈksɑndɾiɑ e kɑt ˈɛʝypton] "Alexandria in Egypt", Egyptian Arabic: اسكندريه [eskendeˈrejːæ]) is the second-largest city of Egypt, with a population of 4.1 million, extending about 32 km (20 mi) along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the north central part of the country; it is also the largest city lying directly on the Mediterranean coast. It is Egypt's largest seaport, serving approximately 80% of Egypt's imports and exports. Alexandria is also an important tourist resort. It is home to the Bibliotheca Alexandrina (the new Library of Alexandria). It is an important industrial centre because of its natural gas and oil pipelines from Suez.
Alexandria was founded around a small pharaonic town c. 331 BC by Alexander the Great. It remained Egypt's capital for nearly a thousand years, until the Muslim conquest of Egypt in AD 641, when a new capital was founded at Fustat (Fustat was later absorbed into Cairo). Alexandria was known because of its Lighthouse of Alexandria (Pharos), one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World; its library (the largest library in the ancient world); and the Catacombs of Kom el Shoqafa, one of the Seven Wonders of the Middle Ages. Ongoing maritime archaeology in the harbor of Alexandria, which began in 1994, is revealing details of Alexandria both before the arrival of Alexander, when a city named Rhacotis existed there, and during the Ptolemaic dynasty.
wn.com/Alexandria -
Americas
The Americas, or America, are lands in the Western hemisphere, also known as the New World.
In the English language, the Americas refers to the landmasses of North America and South America with their associated islands and regions, whereas America, in current usage, usually refers to the United States of America.
The Americas cover 8.3% of the Earth's total surface area (28.4% of its land area) and contain about 13.5% of the human population (about 900 million people).
The specifics of Paleo-Indian migration to and throughout the Americas, including the exact dates and routes traveled, are subject to ongoing research and discussion. The traditional theory has been that these early migrants moved into the Beringia land bridge between eastern Siberia and present-day Alaska around 40,000–17,000 years ago, when sea levels were significantly lowered due to the Quaternary glaciation. These people are believed to have followed herds of now-extinct pleistocene megafauna along ice-free corridors that stretched between the Laurentide and Cordilleran ice sheets. Another route proposed is that, either on foot or using primitive boats, they migrated down the Pacific Northwest coast to South America. Evidence of the latter would since have been covered by a sea level rise of hundreds of meters following the last ice age.
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Amsterdam
Amsterdam (English /ˈæmstərdæm/; Dutch: [ˌɑmstərˈdɑm] (
listen)) is the largest city and the capital of the Netherlands. The city's status as the capital of the nation is governed by the constitution. Amsterdam has a population of 790,654 within city limits, an urban population of 1,209,419 and a metropolitan population of 2,289,762. The city is located in the province of North Holland in the west of the country. It comprises the northern part of the Randstad, one of the larger conurbations in Europe, with a population of approximately 7 million.
Amsterdam's name is derived from Amstelredamme, indicative of the city's origin: a dam in the river Amstel. Settled as a small fishing village in the late 12th century, Amsterdam became one of the most important ports in the world during the Dutch Golden Age, a result of its innovative developments in trade. During that time, the city was the leading center for finance and diamonds. In the 19th and 20th centuries, the city expanded, and many new neighborhoods and suburbs were formed. The 17th-century canals of Amsterdam (in Dutch: 'Grachtengordel'), located in the heart of Amsterdam, were added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in July 2010.
wn.com/Amsterdam -
Angkor
Angkor (Khmer: អង្គរ) is a region of Cambodia that served as the seat of the Khmer Empire, which flourished from approximately the 9th to 15th centuries. The word Angkor is derived from the Sanskrit nagara (नगर), meaning "city". The Angkorian period began in AD 802, when the Khmer Hindu monarch Jayavarman II declared himself a "universal monarch" and "god-king", until 1351, when Angkor first fell under Ayutthayan suzerainty, to 1431, when Ayutthaya put down a rebellion and sacked the Khmer capital, causing its population to migrate south to Longvek.
The ruins of Angkor are located amid forests and farmland to the north of the Great Lake (Tonlé Sap) and south of the Kulen Hills, near modern-day Siem Reap (13°24′N, 103°51′E), in Siem Reap Province, and are a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The temples of the Angkor area number over one thousand, ranging in scale from nondescript piles of brick rubble scattered through rice fields to the magnificent Angkor Wat, said to be the world's largest single religious monument. Many of the temples at Angkor have been restored, and together, they comprise the most significant site of Khmer architecture. Visitor numbers approach two million annually.
wn.com/Angkor -
Antioch
Antioch on the Orontes (Greek: Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Ὀρόντου; or Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Δάφνῃ, "Antioch on Daphne"; or Ἀντιόχεια ἡ Μεγάλη, "Antioch the Great"; Syriac: ܐܢܛܝܘܟܝܐ Anṭiokia; Hebrew: אנטיוכיה, antiyokhya; Georgian: ანტიოქია; Armenian: Անտիոք Antiok; Latin: Antiochia ad Orontem; Arabic:انطاکیه, Anṭākiya; also Syrian Antioch) was an ancient city on the eastern side of the Orontes River. It is near the modern city of Antakya, Turkey.
Founded near the end of the 4th century BC by Seleucus I Nicator, one of Alexander the Great's generals, Antioch eventually rivaled Alexandria as the chief city of the Near East and was a cradle of Christianity. It was one of the four cities of the Syrian tetrapolis. Its residents are known as Antiochenes. Once a great metropolis of half a million people, it declined to insignificance during the Middle Ages because of repeated earthquakes, the Crusaders' invasions, and a change in trade routes following the Mongol conquests, which then no longer passed through Antioch from the far east.
wn.com/Antioch -
Argentina
Argentinai/ˌɑrdʒənˈtiːnə/, officially the Argentine Republic (Spanish: República Argentina [reˈpuβlika aɾxenˈtina]), is a country in South America, the continent's second largest by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires. It is the eighth-largest country in the world by land area and the largest among Spanish-speaking nations.
Argentina's continental area is between the Andes mountain range in the west and the Atlantic Ocean in the east. It borders Paraguay and Bolivia to the north, Brazil and Uruguay to the northeast, and Chile to the west and south. Argentine claims over Antarctica, as well as overlapping claims made by Chile and the United Kingdom, are suspended by the Antarctic Treaty of 1961. Argentina also claims the Falkland Islands (Spanish: Islas Malvinas) and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, which are administered by the United Kingdom as British Overseas Territories.
A recognised middle power, Argentina is Latin America's third-largest economy, with a "very high" rating on the Human development index. Within Latin America, Argentina has the fifth highest nominal GDP per capita and the highest in purchasing power terms. Analysts have argued that the country has a "foundation for future growth due to its market size, levels of foreign direct investment, and percentage of high-tech exports as share of total manufactured goods", and it is classed by investors as middle emerging economy. Argentina is a founding member of the United Nations, Mercosur, the Union of South American Nations, the Organization of Ibero-American States, the World Bank Group and the World Trade Organization, and is one of the G-15 and G-20 major economies.
wn.com/Argentina -
Astana
Astana (Russian/Kazakh: Астана, formerly known as Akmola (Kazakh: Ақмола / Aqmola, until 1998), Целиноград / Tselinograd until 1992) and Akmolinsk (Russian: Акмолинск, until 1961), is the capital and second largest city (after Almaty) of Kazakhstan, with an officially estimated population of 708,794 as of 1 August 2010. It is located in the north-central portion of Kazakhstan, within Akmola Province, though administrated separately from the province as a federal city area.
The current mayor of Astana is Imangali Tasmagambetov. He was appointed on 4 April 2008.
The word Astana in Kazakh literally means Capital but the word itself originates from Persian Astane (Persian: آستانه means "sublime threshold," "royal porte" implying a royal capital city or a holy shrine town, (from the Persian verb Istadan (آستان) 'to stand' (in respect)), and literally means "threshold" (royal or sacred, where people stand in respect or awe),[citation needed] implying where the court is seated (the capital city) or the body of a sacred person is interred (a shrine town). The city of Turkistan in Kazakhstan that hosts the body of the saint Ahmad Yasavi is also called the "astana" as is the city of Mashhad in Iran that is the burial place of the 8th Shiite Imam Reza. In fact, long before becoming the new capital of Kazakhstan, the city was "an astana," a burial ground of a saint, hence the old name of the city, Ak Mola (Ақмола), "white mausoleum."
wn.com/Astana -
Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's oceanic divisions. With a total area of about 106,400,000 square kilometres (41,100,000 sq mi), it covers approximately 20% of the Earth's surface and about 26% of its water surface area. The first part of its name refers to Atlas of Greek mythology, making the Atlantic the "Sea of Atlas".
The oldest known mention of "Atlantic" is in The Histories of Herodotus around 450 BC (Hdt. 1.202.4): Atlantis thalassa (Greek: Ἀτλαντὶς θάλασσα; English: Sea of Atlas); see also: Atlas Mountains. The term Ethiopic Ocean, derived from Ethiopia, was applied to the southern Atlantic ocean as late as the mid-19th century. Before Europeans discovered other oceans, the term "ocean" itself was synonymous with the waters beyond the Strait of Gibraltar that we now know as the Atlantic. The early Greeks believed this ocean to be a gigantic river encircling the world.
The Atlantic Ocean occupies an elongated, S-shaped basin extending longitudinally between Europe and Africa to the east, and the Americas to the west. As one component of the interconnected global ocean, it is connected in the north to the Arctic Ocean (which is sometimes considered a sea of the Atlantic), to the Pacific Ocean in the southwest, the Indian Ocean in the southeast, and the Southern Ocean in the south. (Other definitions describe the Atlantic as extending southward to Antarctica.) The equator subdivides it into the North Atlantic Ocean and South Atlantic Ocean.
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Auckland
The Auckland metropolitan area ( /ˈɔːklənd/, AWK-lənd), in the North Island of New Zealand, is the largest and most populous urban area in the country with 1,377,200 residents, 31 percent of the country's population. Auckland has the largest Polynesian population of any city in the world. In Māori Auckland's names are Tāmaki Makaurau, and the transliterated version of Auckland, Ākarana.
The 2011 Mercer Quality of Living Survey ranked Auckland 3rd equal place in the world on its list, while the Economist's World's Most Livable Cities index of 2011 ranked Auckland in 9th place. In 2010, Auckland was classified as a Beta World City in the World Cities Study Group’s inventory by Loughborough University.
Auckland lies between the Hauraki Gulf of the Pacific Ocean to the east, the low Hunua Ranges to the south-east, the Manukau Harbour to the south-west, and the Waitakere Ranges and smaller ranges to the west and north-west. The central part of the urban area occupies a narrow isthmus between the Manukau Harbour on the Tasman Sea and the Waitemata Harbour on the Pacific Ocean. It is one of the few cities in the world to have harbours on two separate major bodies of water.
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Baghdad
Baghdad (Arabic: بغداد, Baġdād, IPA: [bæɣˈdæːd]) is the capital of Republic of Iraq, as well as the coterminous Baghdad Province. The population of Baghdad as of 2011 is approximately 7,216,040, making it the largest city in Iraq, the second largest city in the Arab World (after Cairo, Egypt), and the second largest city in Western Asia (after Tehran, Iran).
Located along the Tigris River, the city was founded in the 8th century and became the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate. Within a short time of its inception, Baghdad evolved into a significant cultural, commercial, and intellectual center for the Islamic World. This in addition to housing several key academic institutions (e.g. House of Wisdom) garnered the city a worldwide reputation as the "Center of Learning". Throughout the High Middle Ages, Baghdad was considered to be the largest city in the world with an estimated population of 1,200,000 people. The city was largely destroyed at the hands of the Mongol Empire in 1258, resulting in a decline that would linger through many centuries due to frequent plagues and multiple successive empires. With the recognition of Iraq as an independent state (formerly the British Mandate of Mesopotamia) in 1938, Baghdad gradually regained some of its former prominence as a significant center of Arabic culture.
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Baku
Baku (Azerbaijani: Bakı, IPA: [bɑˈcɯ]), sometimes spelled as Baki or Bakou, is the capital and largest city of Azerbaijan, as well as the largest city on the Caspian Sea and of the Caucasus region. It is located on the southern shore of the Absheron Peninsula, which projects into the Caspian Sea. The city consists of two principal parts: the downtown and the old Inner City (21.5 ha). Baku's urban population at the beginning of 2009 was estimated at just over two million people. Officially, about 25 percent of all inhabitants of the country live in the metropolitan city area of Baku.
Baku is divided into eleven administrative districts (raions) and 48 townships. Among these are the townships on islands in the Baku Bay and the town of Oil Rocks built on stilts in the Caspian Sea, 60 km (37 mi) away from Baku. The Inner City of Baku along with the Shirvanshah's Palace and Maiden Tower were inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2000. According to the Lonely Planet's ranking, Baku is also among the world's top ten destinations for urban nightlife.
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Bayterek
Bayterek (Kazakh: Бәйтерек, "tall poplar [tree]"), is a monument and observation tower in Astana, the capital of Kazakhstan. A tourist attraction popular with foreign visitors and native Kazakhs alike, it is a common symbol of the city, epitomizing its elevation in 1997 to the status of capital of the country.
The monument is meant to embody a folktale about a mythical tree of life and a magic bird of happiness: the bird, named Samruk, had laid its egg in the crevice between two branches of a poplar tree. The 105m structure consists of a narrow cylindrical shaft emeshed in flaring white branch-like girders, widening toward the top (the "tree"), where a gold-mirrored 22m-diameter sphere (the "egg") containing the observation deck is supported.
The altitude of the deck is 97m, symbolizing the year of the capital-transfer to Astana (1997). From its height it is possible to see much of the newly built city. The viewing platform features a gilded hand print (Alakan) of the right hand of Nursultan Nazarbayev, the first President of the independent Republic of Kazakhstan. An accompanying plaque suggests that visitors place their own hand in the imprint and make a wish; when one does so the Kazakh national anthem plays. In addition to the observation platform, the tower contains a large aquarium and an art gallery.
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Beijing
Beijing ( /beɪˈdʒɪŋ/; Chinese: 北京; pinyin: Běijīng, [peɪ˨˩ t͡ɕiŋ˥]), formerly romanized as Peking ( /piːˈkɪŋ/ or /peɪˈkɪŋ/), is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The metropolis, located in northern China, is governed as a direct-controlled municipality under the national government, with 14 urban and suburban districts and two rural counties. Beijing Municipality is surrounded by Hebei Province with the exception of neighboring Tianjin Municipality to the southeast.
Beijing is China's second largest city by urban population after Shanghai and is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's largest state-owned companies. Beijing is a major transportation hub in the national highway, expressway, railway and high-speed rail network. Beijing's Capital International Airport is the second busiest in the world by passenger traffic.
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Belarus
Belarus (i/bɛləˈruːs/ bel-ə-ROOSS; Belarusian: Беларусь, Russian pronunciation: [bʲɛlaˈrusʲ] Russian: Беларусь, Белоруссия, Belarus', Belorussiya), officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered clockwise by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital is Minsk; other major cities include Brest, Grodno (Hrodna), Gomel (Homiel), Mogilev (Mahilyow) and Vitebsk (Vitsebsk). Over forty percent of its 207,600 square kilometres (80,200 sq mi) is forested, and its strongest economic sectors are agriculture and manufacturing.
Until the 20th century, the lands of modern-day Belarus belonged to several countries, including the Principality of Polotsk, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and the Russian Empire. In the aftermath of the Russian Revolution, Belarus became a founding constituent republic of the Soviet Union and was renamed as the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR). The borders of Belarus took their modern shape in 1939 when some lands of the Second Polish Republic were incorporated into it after the Soviet invasion of Poland. The nation and its territory were devastated in World War II, during which Belarus lost about a third of its population and more than half of its economic resources. The republic was redeveloped in the post-war years. In 1945 the Belorussian SSR became a founding member of the United Nations, along with the Soviet Union and the Ukrainian SSR.
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Berlin
Berlin ( /bɜrˈlɪn/; German pronunciation: [bɛɐ̯ˈliːn] ( listen)) is the capital city of Germany and one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.5 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city and is the second most populous city proper and the eighth most populous urban area in the European Union. Located in northeastern Germany, it is the center of the Berlin-Brandenburg Metropolitan Region, which has 5.9 million residents from over 190 nations. Located in the European Plains, Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. Around one third of the city's area is composed of forests, parks, gardens, rivers and lakes.
First documented in the 13th century, Berlin was the capital of the Kingdom of Prussia (1701–1918), the German Empire (1871–1918), the Weimar Republic (1919–1933) and the Third Reich (1933–1945).Berlin in the 1920s was the third largest municipality in the world. After World War II, the city became divided into East Berlin—the capital of East Germany—and West Berlin, a West German exclave surrounded by the Berlin Wall (1961–1989). Following German reunification in 1990, the city regained its status as the capital of Germany, hosting 147 foreign embassies.
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Birmingham
Birmingham (i/ˈbɜrmɪŋəm/ BUR-ming-əm, locally /ˈbɜrmɪŋɡəm/ BUR-ming-gəm) is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands of England. It is the most populous British city outside the capital London, with a population of 1,036,900 (2010 estimate), and lies at the heart of the West Midlands conurbation, the second most populous urban area in the United Kingdom with a population of 2,284,093 (2001 census). Birmingham's metropolitan area is also the United Kingdom's second most populous with a population of 3,683,000.
A medium-sized market town during the medieval period, Birmingham grew to international prominence in the 18th century at the heart of the Midlands Enlightenment and subsequent Industrial Revolution, which saw the town at the forefront of worldwide developments in science, technology and economic organisation, producing a series of innovations that laid many of the foundations of modern industrial society. By 1791 it was being hailed as "the first manufacturing town in the world". Birmingham's distinctive economic profile, with thousands of small workshops practising a wide variety of specialised and highly-skilled trades, encouraged exceptional levels of creativity and innovation and provided a diverse and resilient economic base for industrial prosperity that was to last into the final quarter of the 20th century. Its resulting high level of social mobility also fostered a culture of broad-based political radicalism, that under leaders from Thomas Attwood to Joseph Chamberlain was to give it a political influence unparalleled in Britain outside London and a pivotal role in the development of British democracy.
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Bournemouth
Bournemouth ( pronunciation (help·info)) is a large coastal resort town in the ceremonial county of Dorset, England. According to the 2001 Census the town has a population of 163,444, making it the largest settlement in Dorset. It is also the largest settlement between Southampton and Plymouth. With Poole and Christchurch, Bournemouth forms the South East Dorset conurbation, which has a total population of approximately 400,000.
Founded in 1810 by Lewis Tregonwell, Bournemouth's growth accelerated with the arrival of the railway, becoming a recognised town in 1870. Historically part of Hampshire, it joined Dorset with the reorganisation of local government in 1974. Since 1997 the town has been administered by a unitary authority, meaning that it has autonomy from Dorset County Council. The local authority is Bournemouth Borough Council.
Bournemouth's location on the south coast of England has made it a popular destination for tourists. The town is a regional centre of business, home of the Bournemouth International Centre and financial companies that include Liverpool Victoria and PruHealth.
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Brasília
Brasília (pronounced [bɾaˈziʎɐ] nationwide, in both colloquial and educated speech) is the federal capital of Brazil and the seat of government of the Federal District. The name is commonly spelled Brasilia in English. The city is located in the Federal District, and is in the Central-West region of the country, along a plateau known as Planalto Central. It has a population of about 2,562,963 (3,716,996 in the metropolitan area) as of the 2008 IBGE estimate, making it the fourth largest city in Brazil. However, as a metropolitan area, it ranks lower at sixth. It is listed as a World Heritage Site UNESCO.
As the national capital, Brasília is the seat of all three branches of the Brazilian government. The city also hosts the headquarters of many Brazilian companies. Planning policies such as the location of residential buildings around expansive urban areas, as well as building the city around large avenues and dividing it into sectors, have sparked a debate and reflection on life in big cities in the 20th century. The city's design divides it into numbered blocks as well as sectors for specified activities, such as the Hotel Sector, the Banking Sector or the Embassy Sector. Brasília hosts 124 foreign embassies.
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Brazil
Brazili/brəˈzɪl/ (Portuguese: Brasil, IPA: [bɾaˈziw]), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: República Federativa do Brasil, listen (help·info)), is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people. It is the only Portuguese-speaking country in the Americas and the largest lusophone country in the world.
Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 km (4,655 mi). It is bordered on the north by Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and the French overseas region of French Guiana; on the northwest by Colombia; on the west by Bolivia and Peru; on the southwest by Argentina and Paraguay and on the south by Uruguay. Numerous archipelagos form part of Brazilian territory, such as Fernando de Noronha, Rocas Atoll, Saint Peter and Paul Rocks, and Trindade and Martim Vaz. It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chile.
Brazil was a colony of Portugal from the landing of Pedro Álvares Cabral in 1500 until 1815, when it was elevated to the rank of kingdom and the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves was formed. The colonial bond was in fact broken in 1808, when the capital of the Portuguese colonial empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro, after Napoleon invaded Portugal.Independence was achieved in 1822 with the formation of the Empire of Brazil, a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system. The country became a presidential republic in 1889, when a military coup d'état proclaimed the Republic, although the bicameral legislature, now called Congress, dates back to the ratification of the first constitution in 1824. Its current Constitution, formulated in 1988, defines Brazil as a Federal Republic. The Federation is formed by the union of the Federal District, the 26 States, and the 5,564 Municipalities.
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Brighton and Hove
Brighton and Hove is a unitary authority area and city on the south coast of England. It is England's most populous seaside resort. The major part of the city consists of Brighton, with around 155,000 people of the total population of 251,000. Consequently, people usually refer to the city as just "Brighton". Brighton and Hove's urban area has a population of over 450,000 people. The city is famous for its history as a seaside town, and more recently for its reputation of having a large gay community. The city is also famous for its football team, Brighton & Hove Albion FC (commonly known as just "Brighton" or "Albion"). They currently play in the Football League Championship at the Amex Stadium, opened in 2011.
In 1997, the two large towns of Brighton and Hove were joined to form the unitary authority of Brighton and Hove, which was granted city status by Queen Elizabeth II as part of the millennium celebrations in 2000.
Brighton and Hove forms part of the Brighton/Worthing/Littlehampton conurbation, the 12th largest conurbation in the United Kingdom. Along this area of the south coast, there is little or no gap of countryside between these large towns and city. Directly to the west is Southwick and then Shoreham-by-Sea, and a short distance to the east are Peacehaven and Newhaven. The city, district and urban areas of Brighton and Hove have the biggest populations in the South East England region.
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Brisbane
Brisbane ( /ˈbrɪzbən/) is the capital and most populous city in the Australian state of Queensland and the third most populous city in Australia. Brisbane's metropolitan area has a population of approximately 2.1 million, and the South East Queensland urban conurbation, centred around Brisbane, encompasses a population of more than 3 million. The Brisbane central business district stands on the original European settlement and is situated inside a bend of the Brisbane River, approximately 23 km (14 mi) from its mouth at Moreton Bay. The metropolitan area extends in all directions along the floodplain of the Brisbane River valley between the bay and the Great Dividing Range. While the metropolitan area is governed by several municipalities, a large portion of central Brisbane is governed by the Brisbane City Council, which is by far Australia's largest Local Government Area by population. The demonym of Brisbane is Brisbanite.
Brisbane is named after the river on which it sits, which, in turn, was named after Scotsman Sir Thomas Brisbane, the Governor of New South Wales from 1821 to 1825. The first European settlement in Queensland was a penal colony at Redcliffe, 28 kilometres (17 mi) north of the Brisbane central business district, in 1824. That settlement was soon abandoned and moved to North Quay in 1825. Free settlers were permitted from 1842. Brisbane was chosen as the capital when Queensland was proclaimed a separate colony from New South Wales in 1859.
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Bristol
Bristoli/ˈbrɪstəl/ is a city, unitary authority area and ceremonial county in South West England, with an estimated population of 433,100 for the unitary authority in 2009, and a surrounding Larger Urban Zone (LUZ) with an estimated 1,070,000 residents in 2007. It is England's sixth and the United Kingdom's eighth most populous city, one of the group of English Core Cities and the most populous city in South West England.
Historically within Gloucestershire, the city received a Royal Charter in 1155 and was granted County status in 1373. From the 13th century, for half a millennium, it ranked amongst the top three English cities after London, alongside York and Norwich, on the basis of tax receipts, until the rapid rise of Liverpool, Birmingham and Manchester during the Industrial Revolution in the latter part of the 18th century. It borders the counties of Somerset and Gloucestershire, and is also located near the historic cities of Bath to the south east and Gloucester to the north. The city is built around the River Avon, and it also has a short coastline on the Severn Estuary, which flows into the Bristol Channel.
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British Columbia
British Columbiai/ˌbrɪtɪʃ kəˈlʌmbiə/ (B.C. or BC) (French: la Colombie-Britannique, C.-B.) is the westernmost of Canada's provinces and is known for its natural beauty, as reflected in its Latin motto, Splendor sine occasu ("Splendour without Diminishment"). Its name was chosen by Queen Victoria in 1858. In 1871, it became the sixth province of Canada.
As well as being the westernmost province of Western Canada, British Columbia is also a component of the Pacific Northwest, along with the US states of Oregon and Washington. The province has strong cultural and personal ties to the Prairie Provinces and Ontario as well as to the West Coast of the United States and to Alaska and the Yukon.
The capital of British Columbia is Victoria, the 15th largest metropolitan region in Canada. The largest city is Vancouver, the third-largest metropolitan area in Canada, the largest in Western Canada, and the second largest in the Pacific Northwest. In 2009, British Columbia had an estimated population of 4,419,974 (about two and a half million of whom were in Greater Vancouver). The province is currently governed by the BC Liberal Party, led by Premier Christy Clark, who became leader as a result of the party election on February 26, 2011.
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Bucharest
Bucharest (Romanian: București pronounced [bukuˈreʃtʲ] ( listen)) is the capital municipality, cultural, industrial, and financial centre of Romania. It is the largest city in Romania, located in the southeast of the country, at 44°25′57″N 26°06′14″E / 44.4325°N 26.10389°E / 44.4325; 26.10389Coordinates: 44°25′57″N 26°06′14″E / 44.4325°N 26.10389°E / 44.4325; 26.10389, and lies on the banks of the Dâmbovița River.
Bucharest was first mentioned in documents as early as 1459. Since then it has gone through a variety of changes, becoming the state capital of Romania in 1862 and steadily consolidating its position as the centre of the Romanian mass media, culture and arts. Its eclectic architecture is a mix of historical (neo-classical), interbellum (Bauhaus and Art Deco), Communist-era and modern. In the period between the two World Wars, the city's elegant architecture and the sophistication of its elite earned Bucharest the nickname of "Little Paris" (Micul Paris). Although many buildings and districts in the historic centre were damaged or destroyed by war, earthquakes, and Nicolae Ceaușescu's program of systematization, many survived. In recent years, the city has been experiencing an economic and cultural boom..
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Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires ( /ˈbweɪnəs ˈɛəriːz/ or /ˈaɪrɪs/,Spanish: [ˈbwenos ˈaiɾes]) is the capital and largest city of Argentina, and the second-largest metropolitan area in South America, after Greater Sao Paulo. It is located on the western shore of the estuary of the Río de la Plata, on the southeastern coast of the South American continent. Greater Buenos Aires conurbation, which also includes several Buenos Aires Province districts, constitutes the third-largest conurbation in Latin America, with a population of around thirteen million.
The city of Buenos Aires is not a part of Buenos Aires Province, nor is it the Province's capital, but an autonomous district. In 1880, after decades of political infighting, Buenos Aires was federalised and removed from Buenos Aires Province. The city limits were enlarged to include the towns of Belgrano and Flores (both are currently neighborhoods of the city). The 1994 constitutional amendment granted the city autonomy, hence its formal name: Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (Autonomous City of Buenos Aires). Its citizens first elected a Chief of Government (i.e. Mayor) in 1996; before, the Mayor was directly appointed by the President of the Republic.
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Bulgaria
Coordinates: 42°45′N 25°30′E / 42.75°N 25.5°E / 42.75; 25.5
Bulgariai/bʌlˈɡɛəriə/ (Bulgarian: България, IPA: [bɤ̞ɫˈɡarijɐ]), is a country located in Southeastern Europe. It is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and the Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south and the Black Sea to the east. With a territory of 110,994 square kilometres (42,855 sq mi), Bulgaria is Europe's 14th-largest country. Its location has made it a historical crossroad for various civilisations and as such it is the home of some of the earliest metalworking, religious and other cultural artifacts in the world.
Prehistoric cultures began developing on Bulgarian lands during the Neolithic period. Its ancient history was marked by the presence of the Thracians, and later by the Greeks and Romans. The emergence of a unified Bulgarian ethnicity and state dates back to the First Bulgarian Empire, which dominated most of the Balkans and functioned as a cultural hub for Slavic peoples during the Middle Ages. With the downfall of the Second Bulgarian Empire in 1396, its territories came under Ottoman rule for nearly five hundred years. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 resulted in the Third Bulgarian State, recognised in 1908. The following years saw several conflicts with its neighbours, which prompted Bulgaria to align with Germany in both World Wars. In 1946 it became a Communist republic with a single-party system until 1989, when the Communist Party allowed multi-party elections. After 1990 Bulgaria transitioned to democracy and a market-based economy.
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Bydgoszcz
Bydgoszcz [ˈbɨdɡɔʂt͡ʂ] ( listen) (German: Bromberg (
listen), Latin: Bydgostia) is a city located in northern Poland, on the Brda and Vistula rivers. With a city population of 358,029 (June 2009), and an urban agglomeration with more than 460,000 inhabitants, Bydgoszcz is the 8th-largest city in Poland. It has been the seat of Bydgoszcz County and the co-capital, with Toruń, of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999. Prior to this, between 1947 and 1998, it was the capital of the Bydgoszcz Voivodeship, and before that, of the Pomeranian Voivodeship between 1945 and 1947.
Bydgoszcz is part of the metroplex Bydgoszcz-Toruń, which totals over 850,000 inhabitants. Bydgoszcz is the seat of Casimir the Great University, University of Technology and Life Sciences and a conservatory, as well as a Collegium Medicum of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń. Bydgoszcz hosts the Filharmonia Pomorska concert hall, the Opera Nova opera house, and the Bydgoszcz Ignacy Jan Paderewski Airport. Due to its location between the Vistula and Odra rivers, and the water course of the Bydgoszcz Canal, the city forms part of a water system connected via the Noteć, Warta, Odra, and Elbe with the Rhine and Rotterdam. Bydgoszcz was a candidate for the title of European Capital of Culture in 2016.
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Cairo
Cairo ( /ˈkaɪroʊ/ KYE-roh; Arabic: القاهرة al-Qāhira, literally "The Vanquisher" or "The Conqueror"), is the capital of Egypt and the largest city in the Arab world and Africa, and the 16th largest metropolitan area in the world. Located near the Nile Delta, it was founded in the year 969 A.D. making it 1,043 years old. Nicknamed "The City of a Thousand Minarets" for its preponderance of Islamic architecture, Cairo has long been a centre of the region's political and cultural life. Cairo was founded by the Fatimid dynasty in the 10th century AD.; but the land composing the present-day city was the site of national capitals whose remnants remain visible in parts of Old Cairo. Cairo is also associated with Ancient Egypt due to its proximity to the ancient cities of Memphis, Giza and Fustat which are nearby to the Great Sphinx and the pyramids of Giza.
Egyptians today often refer to Cairo as Maṣr (Arabic: مصر), the Arabic pronunciation of the name for Egypt itself, emphasizing the city's continued role in Egyptian influence. Cairo has the oldest and largest film and music industries in the Arab World, as well as the world's second-oldest institution of higher learning, al-Azhar University. Many international media, businesses, and organizations have regional headquarters in the city, and the Arab League has had its headquarters in Cairo for most of its existence.
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California
California (pronouncedi/kælɨˈfɔrnjə/) is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third most extensive (after Alaska and Texas). It is home to the nation's second- and sixth-largest census statistical areas (Los Angeles Metropolitan Area and San Francisco Bay Area), and eight of the nation's fifty most populated cities (Los Angeles, San Diego, San Jose, San Francisco, Fresno, Sacramento, Long Beach and Oakland). The capital city is Sacramento.
California's diverse geography ranges from the Pacific Coast in the west, to the Sierra Nevada mountains in the east – from the Redwood–Douglas-fir forests of the northwest, to the Mojave Desert areas in the southeast. The center of the state is dominated by Central Valley, a major agricultural area. California contains both the highest and lowest points in the contiguous United States (Mount Whitney and Death Valley), and has the third-longest coastline of all states (after Alaska and Florida). Earthquakes are a common occurrence due to the state's location along the Pacific Ring of Fire: about 37,000 are recorded annually.
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Cambodia
Cambodia (i/kæmˈboʊdiə/;Khmer: ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា, Kampuchea, IPA: [kɑmˈpuˈciə]), officially known as the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. With a total landmass of 181,035 square kilometres (69,898 sq mi), it is bordered by Thailand to the northwest, Laos to the northeast, Vietnam to the east, and the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest.
With a population of over 14.8 million, Cambodia is the 68th most populous country in the world. The official religion is Theravada Buddhism, which is practiced by around 95% of the Cambodian population. The country minority groups include Vietnamese, Chinese, Chams and 30 various hill tribes. The capital and largest city is Phnom Penh; the political, economic, and cultural center of Cambodia. The kingdom is a constitutional monarchy with Norodom Sihamoni, a monarch chosen by the Royal Throne Council, as head of state. The head of government is Hun Sen, who is currently the longest serving leader in South East Asia and has ruled Cambodia for over 25 years.
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Canberra
Canberra ( /ˈkænbᵊrə/ or /ˈkænbɛrə/) is the capital city of Australia. With a population of 358,000, it is Australia's largest inland city and the eighth-largest city overall. The city is located at the northern end of the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), 280 km (170 mi) south-west of Sydney, and 660 km (410 mi) north-east of Melbourne. A resident of Canberra is known as a "Canberran".
The site of Canberra was selected for the location of the nation's capital in 1908 as a compromise between rivals Sydney and Melbourne, Australia's two largest cities. It is unusual among Australian cities, being an entirely planned city. Following an international contest for the city's design, a blueprint by the Chicago architects Walter Burley Griffin and Marion Mahony Griffin was selected and construction commenced in 1913. The Griffins' plan featured geometric motifs such as circles, hexagons and triangles, and was centred around axes aligned with significant topographical landmarks in the Australian Capital Territory.
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Caral
Caral, or Caral-Supe, was a large settlement in the Supe Valley, near Supe, Barranca province, Peru, some 200 km north of Lima. Caral is the most ancient city of the Americas, and is a well-studied site of the Caral civilization or Norte Chico civilization.
Caral was inhabited between roughly 2600 BCE and 2000 BCE, enclosing an area of more than 60 hectares. Caral was described by its excavators as the oldest urban center in the Americas, a claim that was later challenged as other ancient sites were found nearby. Accommodating more than 3,000 inhabitants, it is the best studied and one of the largest Norte Chico sites known.
Paul Kosok discovered Caral in 1948, but it received little attention until recently because it appeared to lack many typical artifacts that were sought at archeological sites throughout the Andes at the time. Archaeologist Ruth Shady further explored the 5,000 year-old city of pyramids in the Peruvian desert, with its elaborate complex of temples, an amphitheater and ordinary houses. The urban complex is spread out over 150 acres (607,000 m²) and contains plazas and residential buildings. Caral was a thriving metropolis at roughly the same time that Egypt's great pyramids were being built.
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Carthage
Carthage (Latin: Carthago or Karthago, Ancient Greek: Καρχηδών Karkhēdōn, Arabic: قرطاج Qarṭāj, Berber: ⴽⴰⵔⵜⴰⵊⴻⵏ Kartajen, Etruscan: *Carθaza, Modern Hebrew: קרתגו Qartágo, from the Phoenician Qart-ḥadašt meaning New City (Aramaic: קרתא חדאתא, Qarta Ḥdatha), implying it was a 'new Tyre', is a major urban centre that has existed for nearly 3,000 years on the Gulf of Tunis, developing from a Phoenician colony of the 1st millennium BC. It is currently a suburb of Tunis, Tunisia, with a population of 20,715 (2004 Census).
The first civilization that developed within the city's sphere of influence is referred to as Punic (a form of the word "Phoenician") or Carthaginian. The city of Carthage is located on the eastern side of Lake Tunis across from the centre of Tunis. According to Greek historians it was founded by Canaanite-speaking Phoenician colonists from Tyre (in modern Lebanon) under the leadership of Elissa who was renamed (Queen Dido) in Virgil's Aeneid. It became a large and rich city and thus a major power in the Mediterranean. The resulting rivalry with Syracuse, Numidia, and Rome was accompanied by several wars with respective invasions of each other's homeland.
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Chelmsford
Coordinates: 51°44′10″N 0°28′47″E / 51.7361°N 0.4798°E / 51.7361; 0.4798
Chelmsford ( /ˈtʃɛlmzfərd/) is the only city in Essex, England, UK, and the principal settlement of the Borough of Chelmsford. It is located in the London commuter belt, approximately 32 miles (51 km) northeast of Charing Cross, London, and approximately the same distance from the once provincial Roman capital at Colchester. The city currently has a population of approximately 169,500 however this is thought to be rapidly increasing on a year by year basis with many people from Essex and the London borders re-locating to the town.
The main conurbation incorporates all or part of the former parishes of Broomfield, Great Baddow, Moulsham, Widford and Springfield, including Springfield Barnes, now known as Chelmer Village. American tourists often visit the suburb of Springfield, the origin of "Springfield" as a popular place name, first giving its name to the important City of Springfield, Massachusetts, and subsequently Springfield, Illinois, the state capital of Illinois, and Springfield, Missouri, among numerous others.[citation needed]
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Chicago
Chicago (
i/ʃɪˈkɑːɡoʊ/ or /ʃɪˈkɔːɡoʊ/) is the largest city in the US state of Illinois and the third most populous city in the United States after New York City and Los Angeles. The city has around 2.7 million residents. Its metropolitan area, sometimes called "Chicagoland", is the third largest in the United States, with an estimated 9.8 million people. Chicago is the county seat of Cook County, though a small portion also extends into DuPage County.
Chicago was incorporated as a city in 1837, near a portage between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River watershed. Today, Chicago is listed as an alpha+ global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network, and ranks seventh in the world on the 2012 Global Cities Index. The city retains its status as an international hub for finance, industry, telecommunications and infrastructure, with O'Hare International Airport being the second busiest airport in the world in terms of traffic movements. In 2008[update], the city hosted 45.6 million domestic and overseas visitors. Among metropolitan areas, Chicago has the 4th largest Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the world, ranking just behind Tokyo, New York City, and Los Angeles. Chicago is one of the most important Worldwide Centers of Commerce and trade.
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Chile
Chile (i/ˈtʃɪliː/ or /ˈtʃɪleɪ/), officially the Republic of Chile (Spanish: República de Chile [reˈpuβlika ðe ˈtʃile] ( listen)), is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow strip of land between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far south. Along with Ecuador, it is one of two countries in South America that do not border Brazil. Chilean territory includes the Pacific islands of Juan Fernández, Salas y Gómez, Desventuradas and Easter Island. Chile also claims about 1,250,000 square kilometres (480,000 sq mi) of Antarctica, although all claims are suspended under the Antarctic Treaty.
Chile's distinctive shape—4,300 kilometres (2,700 mi) long and on average 175 kilometres (109 mi) wide—makes it the longest country in the world, north to south, with the fifth lengthiest coastline at over 78 thousand kilometers. The diverse climate of Chile ranges from the world's driest desert in the north—the Atacama—through a Mediterranean climate in the centre, humid subtropical in Easter Island, to an Oceanic climate, including alpine tundra and glaciers in the east and south. The northern desert contains great mineral wealth, principally copper. The relatively small central area dominates in terms of population and agricultural resources, and is the cultural and political center from which Chile expanded in the late 19th century when it incorporated its northern and southern regions. Southern Chile is rich in forests and grazing lands, and features a string of volcanoes and lakes. The southern coast is a labyrinth of fjords, inlets, canals, twisting peninsulas, and islands.
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China
China (i/ˈtʃaɪnə/; Chinese: 中国; pinyin: Zhōngguó; see also Names of China), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is the world's most-populous country, with a population of over 1.3 billion. Covering approximately 9.6 million square kilometres, the East Asian state is the world's second-largest country by land area, and the third- or fourth-largest in total area, depending on the definition of total area.
The People's Republic of China is a single-party state governed by the Communist Party of China. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four directly controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau). Its capital city is Beijing. The PRC also claims Taiwan—which is controlled by the Republic of China (ROC), a separate political entity—as its 23rd province, a claim controversial due to the complex political status of Taiwan and the unresolved Chinese Civil War. The PRC government denies the legitimacy of the ROC.
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Christchurch
Christchurch ( /ˈkraɪstʃɜrtʃ/, KRYS-church; Māori: Ōtautahi) is the largest city in the South Island of New Zealand, and the country's third-largest urban area. It lies one third of the way down the South Island's east coast, just north of Banks Peninsula which itself, since 2006, lies within the formal limits of Christchurch.
The city was named by the Canterbury Association, which settled the surrounding province of Canterbury. The name of Christchurch was agreed on at the first meeting of the association on 27 March 1848. It was suggested by John Robert Godley, who had attended Christ Church, Oxford. Some early writers called the town Christ Church, but it was recorded as Christchurch in the minutes of the management committee of the association. Christchurch became a city by Royal Charter on 31 July 1856, making it officially the oldest established city in New Zealand.
The river that flows through the centre of the city (its banks now largely forming an urban park) was named Avon at the request of the pioneering Deans brothers to commemorate the Scottish Avon, which rises in the Ayrshire hills near what was their grandfathers' farm and flows into the Clyde.
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City of Bradford
The City of Bradfordi/ˈbrædfəd/ is a local government district of West Yorkshire, England with the status of a city and metropolitan borough. It is named after its largest settlement, Bradford, but covers a far larger area which includes the towns of Keighley, Shipley, Bingley, Ilkley, Haworth, Silsden and Denholme. Bradford has a population of 501,700, making it the fourth-most populous metropolitan district and the sixth-most populous local authority district in England. It forms part of the West Yorkshire Urban Area conurbation which in 2001 had a population of 1.5 million and the city is part of the Leeds-Bradford Larger Urban Zone (LUZ), which, with a population of 2,393,300, is the third largest in the United Kingdom after London and Manchester.
The city is situated on the edge of the Pennines, and is bounded to the east by the City of Leeds, the south east by the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees and the south west by the Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale. The Pendle borough of Lancashire lies to the west, whilst the Craven and Harrogate boroughs of North Yorkshire lie to the north west and north east of the city. Bradford, the urban core, is the 11th largest settlement in England, and the contiguous urban area to the north which includes the towns of Shipley and Bingley is heavily populated. The spa town of Ilkley lies further north, whilst the town of Keighley lies to the west. Roughly two thirds of the district is rural, with an environment varying from moorlands in the north and west, to valleys and floodplains formed by the river systems that flow throughout the district. More than half of Bradford’s land is green open space, stretching over part of the Airedale and Wharfedale Valleys, across the hills and the Pennine moorland between. The Yorkshire Dales and the Peak District are both in close proximity.
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City of Leeds
Coordinates: 53°47′59″N 1°32′57″W / 53.79972°N 1.54917°W / 53.79972; -1.54917 The City of Leeds is a local government district of West Yorkshire, England, governed by Leeds City Council, with the status of a city and metropolitan borough. The metropolitan district includes Leeds and the towns of Farsley, Garforth, Guiseley, Horsforth, Morley, Otley, Pudsey, Rothwell, Wetherby and Yeadon. It has a population of 798,800 (2010 est.) and is the second largest local government district in England by population; and the second largest metropolitan district by area.
The current city boundaries were set on 1 April 1974 by the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972, as part a reform of local government in England. The city is a merger of eleven former local government districts; the unitary City and County Borough of Leeds combined with the municipal boroughs of Morley and Pudsey, the urban districts of Aireborough, Garforth, Horsforth, Otley and Rothwell, and parts of the rural districts of Tadcaster, Wharfedale and Wetherby from the West Riding of Yorkshire.
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City of Perth
The City of Perth is a local government area and body, within the Perth Metropolitan Area, which is the capital of Western Australia. The local government body is commonly known as Perth City Council. The city covers the Perth central business district and surrounding suburbs. The city covers an area of 12.7 square kilometres (5 sq mi) and has an estimated population of 17,955 as at June 2010.
The City of Perth was declared on 20 September 1856. In 1915, it absorbed North Perth (1901) and Leederville (1895) municipalities, and on 1 November 1917, Victoria Park was also absorbed. A year later, it absorbed territory from Perth Road Board including the Belmont Park racecourse. By 1962, the council had 27 members representing nine wards.
On 1 July 1994, following the passage of the City of Perth Restructuring Act (1993), the City of Perth was broken up and a revised (and significantly reduced) City of Perth, Town of Victoria Park, Town of Cambridge and Town of Vincent were created. The first elections were held on 6 May 1995, with 8 councillors and a mayor.
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City of Townsville
The City of Townsville is an Australian Local Government Area (LGA) located in North Queensland, Australia. The LGA encompasses the city of Townsville, together with the surrounding rural areas, to the south are the communities of Alligator Creek, Woodstock and Reid River, and to the North are areas like the Northern Beaches and Paluma, and also included is Magnetic Island. It currently has a population of 175,542 residents, and is the 18th largest LGA in Australia.
The City of Townsville was first established as a Municipality under the Municipal Institutions Act 1864 on 15 February 1866. The surrounding rural area, which was given the name Thuringowa, was established on 11 November 1879 as one of 74 divisions around Queensland under the Divisional Boards Act 1879. On 31 March 1903, Thuringowa became a shire and Townsville was granted City status under the Local Authorities Act 1902, the ancestor of the current Local Government Act 1993.
The borders of the Townsville municipality were expanded to keep pace with urban growth in 1882, 1918, 1936, 1958 and 1964 — the purpose of expanding the borders was to keep urban and rural administrations separate. This state government convention changed under the Bjelke-Peterson government and the borders between the two local governments became static. By 1986 the Shire of Thuringowa had grown to a population of 27 000 and was declared a city.
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City of Wakefield
Coordinates: 53°40′59″N 1°29′56″W / 53.683°N 1.499°W / 53.683; -1.499
The City of Wakefield ( /ˈweɪkfiːld/) is a local government district of West Yorkshire, England, with the status of a city and metropolitan borough. Wakefield is the district's administrative centre. The district includes the "Five Towns" of Normanton, Pontefract, Featherstone, Castleford and Knottingley. Other towns include Ossett, Hemsworth, South Kirkby & Moorthorpe and South Elmsall. Wakefield lies between Leeds and Sheffield and is ranked as the 89th largest city in the European Union. In 2010, Wakefield was named as the UK's third 'most musical' City by PRS for Music.
In recent years, the economic and physical condition of several of the former mining towns and villages in Wakefield District have started to improve due to the booming economy of Leeds - and an increase in numbers of commuters to the city from the sub-region - and a recognition of undeveloped assets. For instance Castleford, to the North East of Wakefield is seeing extensive development and investment because of the natural asset of its outlook on to the River Aire, its easy access to the national motorway network and the availability of former mining land for house-building. In Ossett, house prices have risen from an average of £50,000 in 1998 to £130,000 in 2003.
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City of Westminster
The City of Westminsteri/ˈwɛstmɪnstə/ is a London borough occupying much of the central area of London, England, including most of the West End. It is located to the west of and adjoining the ancient City of London, directly to the east of the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, and its southern boundary is the River Thames. It is an Inner London borough and was created in 1965 when Greater London was established. At its creation Westminster was awarded city status, which had been previously held by the smaller Metropolitan Borough of Westminster. Aside from a number of large parks and open spaces, the population density of the district is high. Many sites commonly associated with London are located in the borough, including Buckingham Palace, the Houses of Parliament, and 10 Downing Street. The borough is divided into a number of localities including the ancient political district of Westminster around the Palace of Westminster; the shopping areas around Oxford Street, Regent Street, Piccadilly and Bond Street; and the night time entertainment district of Soho. Much of the borough is residential, and in 2008 it was estimated to have a population of 236,000. The local authority is Westminster City Council.
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City of Winchester
Winchester ( /ˈwɪntʃɨstər/) is a local government district in Hampshire, England, with city status. It covers an area of central Hampshire including the city of Winchester itself, and neighbouring towns and villages including New Alresford, Colden Common and Bishops Waltham.
The current city boundaries were set on 1 April 1974 when the City of Winchester merged with Droxford Rural District and part of Winchester Rural District.
Other than Gosport and Eastleigh, Winchester is the only non Unitary Authority, council District in Hampshire not to border another county and is the only one that neither borders another county nor the coast. The two Unitary Authorities in Hampshire that don't border another county are Portsmouth and Southampton, Portsmouth and Southampton are the only Unitary Authorities in Hampshire.
Elections to the council are held in three out of every four years, with one third of the seats on the council being elected at each election. From 1995 to the 2004 election the Liberal Democrats had a majority on the council, but after 2 years when no party held a majority the 2006 election saw the Conservative party gain control. The elections on 6 May 2010 saw the Liberal Democrats re take control of the council.
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Copenhagen
Copenhagen ( /ˈkoʊpənheɪɡən/ or /ˈkoʊpənhɑːɡən/; Danish: København pronounced [kʰøb̥m̩ˈhɑʊ̯ˀn] ( listen), Latin: Hafnia) is the capital of Denmark and its most populous city, with an urban population of 1,213,822 (as of 1 January 2012 (2012 -01-01)[update]) and a metropolitan population of 1,935,746 (as of 1 April 2012 (2012 -04-01)[update]). With the completion of the transnational Øresund Bridge in 2000, Copenhagen has become the centre of the increasingly integrating Øresund Region. Within this region, Copenhagen and the Swedish city of Malmö are growing into a combined metropolitan area. Copenhagen is situated on the islands of Zealand and Amager.
First documented in the 11th century, Copenhagen became the capital of Denmark in the beginning of the 15th century. During the 17th century, under the reign of Christian IV, it became a significant regional centre.
Copenhagen is a major regional centre of culture, business, media, and science, as indicated by several international surveys and rankings (see International rankings below). Life science, information technology and shipping are important sectors, and research & development plays a major role in the city's economy. Its strategic location and excellent infrastructure, with the largest airport in Scandinavia,Kastrup, located 14 minutes by train from the city centre, have made it a regional hub and a popular location for regional headquarters and conventions.
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Denmark
The Kingdom of Denmark (Danish: Kongeriget Danmark, pronounced [ˈkɔŋəʁiːəð ˈdanmɑɡ̊] ( listen)) is a constitutional monarchy and sovereign state consisting the country of Denmark in northern Europe and two autonomous constituent countries, the Faroe Islands in the North Atlantic and Greenland in North America. The kingdom is a unitary state with some power being devolved from Denmark proper to Greenland and the Faroe Islands; this polity is referred to as the Danish Realm. Denmark proper is the hegemonial area, where judicial, executive, and legislative power resides. The Faroe Islands are defined to be a community of people within the kingdom, and the Greenlandic people are defined as a separate people with the right to self-determination.
Denmark is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, located southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. The country consists of a large peninsula, Jutland and many islands, most notably Zealand, Funen, Lolland, Falster and Bornholm, as well as hundreds of minor islands often referred to as the Danish Archipelago.
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Derry
Coordinates: 54°59′45″N 7°18′27″W / 54.9958°N 7.3074°W / 54.9958; -7.3074
Derry or Londonderry is the second-biggest city in Northern Ireland and the fourth-biggest city on the island of Ireland. The name Derry is an anglicisation of the Irish name Doire or Doire Cholmcille, (Old Irish "Dhoire") meaning "oak-wood of Colmcille". In 1613, the city was granted a Royal Charter by King James I and the "London" prefix was added, changing the name of the city to Londonderry. While the city is more usually known as Derry, Londonderry is also used and remains the legal name.
The old walled city lies on the west bank of the River Foyle, which is spanned by two road bridges and one footbridge. The city now covers both banks (Cityside on the west and Waterside on the east). The city district also extends to rural areas to the southeast. The population of the city proper (the area defined by its 17th century charter) was 83,652 in the 2001 Census, while the Derry Urban Area had a population of 90,663. The Derry City Council area had a population of 107,300 as of June 2006. The district is administered by Derry City Council and contains both Londonderry Port and City of Derry Airport.
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Dubai
Dubai (/duːˈbaɪ/ doo-BY; Arabic: دبيّ Dubeii; IPA: [du'beii]) is an emirate within the United Arab Emirates (UAE). A city within the emirate is also named Dubai. The emirate is located south east of the Persian Gulf on the Arabian Peninsula and has the largest population with the second-largest land territory by area of all the emirates, after Abu Dhabi. Dubai and Abu Dhabi are the only two emirates to have veto power over critical matters of national importance in the country's legislature. Dubai City is located on the emirate's northern coastline.
The earliest mention of Dubai is in 1095, and the earliest settlement known as Dubai town dates from 1799. Dubai was formally established in 1833 by Sheikh Maktoum bin Buti al Maktoum when he persuaded 800 members of the Bani Yas tribe, living in what is now part of Saudi Arabia, to follow him to the Dubai Creek by the Al Abu Falasa clan of Bani Yas. It remained under clan control when the United Kingdom assumed the protection of Dubai in 1892. Its geographical location made it an important trading hub and by the beginning of the 20th century, it was an important port.
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Dubai Waterfront
The Dubai Waterfront (now known as Waterfront) was expected to become the largest waterfront and largest man-made development in the world. The project is a conglomeration of canals and artificial archipelago; it would occupy the last remaining Persian Gulf coastline of Dubai, the most populous emirate of the United Arab Emirates. It was planned to consist of a series of zones with mixed use including commercial, residential, resort, and amenity areas. The vision of the project is "to create a world-class destination for residents, visitors and businesses in the world's fastest growing city".
Run by the Dubai Waterfront Company, the project is open to foreign investment with its real estate developer, Nakheel, owning a 51% stake.
Waterfront was being developed by Nakheel, one of the world’s largest privately held real estate developers. The artificial islands would be formed to resemble the most widely recognized symbol of Islam, the star and crescent. This would produce a shelter around the Palm Jebel Ali, one of the three Palm Islands, the largest artificial islands (shaped like palm trees) in the world also being constructed by Nakheel.
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Dublin
Dublin ( /ˈdʌblɨn/; locally /ˈdʊbᵊlən/; Irish: Baile Átha Cliath, meaning "town of the hurdled ford", pronounced [blʲaˈklʲiə] or Áth Cliath, [aː klʲiə], occasionally Duibhlinn) is the capital and most populous city of Ireland. The English name for the city is derived from the Irish name Dubhlinn, meaning "black pool". Dublin is situated near the midpoint of Ireland's east coast, at the mouth of the River Liffey and the centre of the Dublin Region.
Originally founded as a Viking settlement, it evolved into the Kingdom of Dublin and became the island's principal city following the Norman invasion. The city expanded rapidly from the 17th century; it was briefly the second largest city in the British Empire and the fifth largest in Europe. Dublin entered a period of stagnation following the Act of Union of 1800, but it remained the economic centre for most of the island. Following the partition of Ireland in 1922, the new parliament, the Oireachtas, was located in Leinster House. Dublin became the capital of the Irish Free State and later the Republic of Ireland.
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Edinburgh
Edinburgh (i/ˈɛdɪnbʌrə/ ED-in-burr-ə; Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Èideann) is the capital city of Scotland and the seat of the Scottish Parliament. It is the second largest city in Scotland and the seventh most populous in the United Kingdom. The City of Edinburgh Council governs one of Scotland's 32 local government council areas. The council area includes urban Edinburgh and a 30 square miles (78 km2) rural area. Located in the south-east of Scotland, Edinburgh lies on the east coast of the Central Belt, along the Firth of Forth, near the North Sea.
The city was one of the historical major centres of the Enlightenment, led by the University of Edinburgh, helping to earn it the nickname Athens of the North. The Old Town and New Town districts of Edinburgh were listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995 in recognition of the unique character of the Medieval Old Town and the planned Georgian New Town. It covers both the Old and New Towns together with the Dean Village and the Calton Hill areas. There are over 4,500 listed buildings within the city. In May 2010, it had a total of 40 conservation areas covering 23% of the building stock and 23% of the population, the highest such ratios of any major city in the UK. In the 2011 mid-year population estimates, Edinburgh had a total resident population of 495,360.
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Egypt
Egypti/ˈiːdʒɪpt/ (Arabic: مصر, Miṣr, Egyptian Arabic: [mɑsˤɾ] ; Coptic: Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ, Kīmi ; Sahidic Coptic: ⲕⲏⲙⲉ, Kēme), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: جمهوريّة مصر العربيّة (help·info), is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world. Covering an area of about 1,010,000 square kilometers (390,000 sq mi), Egypt is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west.
Egypt is one of the most populous countries in Africa and the Middle East. The great majority of its over 81 million people live near the banks of the Nile River, in an area of about 40,000 square kilometers (15,000 sq mi), where the only arable land is found. The large areas of the Sahara Desert are sparsely inhabited. About half of Egypt's residents live in urban areas, with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta.
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England
Englandi/ˈɪŋɡlənd/ is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, while the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separate it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period, but it takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in AD 927, and since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century, has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world. The English language, the Anglican Church, and English law—the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world—developed in England, and the country's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation. England's Royal Society laid the foundations of modern experimental science.
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Eridu
Coordinates: 30°48′57.02″N 45°59′45.85″E / 30.8158389°N 45.9960694°E / 30.8158389; 45.9960694
Eridu (Cuniform: NUN.KI 𒉣 𒆠; Sumerian: eriduki; Akkadian: irîtu) is an ancient Sumerian city in what is now Tell Abu Shahrain, Dhi Qar Governorate, Iraq. Eridu was considered the earliest city in southern Mesopotamia, and is one of the oldest cities in the world. Located 12 km southwest of Ur, Eridu was the southernmost of a conglomeration of Sumerian cities that grew about temples, almost in sight of one another. In Sumerian mythology, Eridu was originally the home of Enki, who was considered to have founded the city, later known by the Akkadians as Ea. His temple was called E-Abzu, as Enki was believed to live in Abzu ("Deep Ocean"), an aquifer from which all life was believed to stem.
Eridu, also transliterated as Eridug, could mean "mighty place" or "guidance place". In the Sumerian king list, Eridu is named as the city of the first kings. The kinglist continues:
In Eridu, Alulim became king; he ruled for 28800 years. Alalngar ruled for 36000 years. 2 kings; they ruled for 64800 years. Then Eridu fell and the kingship was taken to Bad-tibira.
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Faisalabad
Faisalabad, (Urdu: فیصل آباد) formerly known as Lyallpur, is the third largest metropolis in Pakistan, the second largest in the province of Punjab after Lahore, and a major industrial center in the heart of Pakistan.
Nicknamed the Manchester of Asia, Faisalabad remains an important industrial city west of Lahore. The city-district of Faisalabad is bound on the north by the districts of Hafizabad and Chiniot, on the east by Nankana Sahib, on the south by Sahiwal, and Toba Tek Singh and on the west by Jhang.
The city is at a road and railway junction, which has played an influential role in the development of Faisalabad's trade and economy. The surrounding countryside, irrigated by the Lower Chenab River, has seen expanded production of cotton, wheat, sugarcane, vegetables, and fruits, which form 55% of Pakistan's exports. The city is an industrial centre with major railway repair yards, engineering works, and mills that process sugar, flour, and oil seed. Produce includes superphosphates, cotton and silk textiles, hosiery, dyes, industrial chemicals, beverages, apparels, pulp and paper, printing, agricultural equipment, and ghee (clarified butter). Faisalabad is the site of the prestigious University of Agriculture, founded in 1909.
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France
France (Englishi/ˈfræns/ FRANSS or /ˈfrɑːns/ FRAHNSS; French: [fʁɑ̃s] ( listen)), officially the French Republic (French: République française [ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz]), is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is often referred to as l’Hexagone ("The Hexagon") because of the geometric shape of its territory. It is the largest western European country and it possesses the second-largest exclusive economic zone in the world, covering 11,035,000 km2 (4,260,000 sq mi), just behind that of the United States (11,351,000 km2 / 4,383,000 sq mi).
Over the past 500 years, France has been a major power with strong cultural, economic, military and political influence in Europe and around the world. During the 17th and 18th centuries, France colonised great parts of North America and Southeast Asia; during the 19th and early 20th centuries, France built the second largest colonial empire of the time, including large portions of North, West and Central Africa, Southeast Asia, and many Caribbean and Pacific Islands.
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Galway
Galway (Irish: Gaillimh, pronounced [ˈɡalʲɪvʲ]) or City of Galway (Cathair na Gaillimhe) is a city on the west coast of Ireland. It is located on the River Corrib between Lough Corrib and Galway Bay and is surrounded by County Galway. It is the third largest city within the state (after Dublin and Cork), though if the wider urban area is included then it falls into fourth place behind Limerick. The population of Galway city at the 2011 census was 75,529, rising to 76,778 across the entire urban area.
The city takes its name from the Gaillimh river (River Corrib) that formed the western boundary of the earliest settlement, which was called Dún Bhun na Gaillimhe ("Fort at the mouth of the Gaillimh"). The word Gaillimh means "stony" as in "stony river" (the mythical and alternative derivations are given in History of Galway). Historically, the name was written as Gallive, which is closer to the Irish pronunciation.
The city also bears the nickname "City of the Tribes" Irish: Cathair na dTreabh because "fourteen tribes of" merchant families led the city in its Hiberno-Norman period. The term tribes was often a derogatory phrase in Cromwellian times. The merchants would have seen themselves as Irish gentry and loyal to the King. They subsequently adopted the term as a badge of honour and pride in defiance of the town's Cromwellian occupiers.
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Gdańsk
Gdańsk ( /ɡəˈdænsk/ or /ɡəˈdɑːnsk/; Polish: [ˈɡdaɲsk]; German: Danzig, pronounced [ˈdantsɪç]) is a Polish city on the Baltic coast, at the center of the country's fourth-largest metropolitan area.
The city lies on the southern edge of Gdańsk Bay (of the Baltic Sea), in a conurbation with the city of Gdynia, spa town of Sopot, and suburban communities, which together form a metropolitan area called the Tricity (Trójmiasto), with a population of over 800,000. Gdańsk itself has a population of 455,830 (June 2010), making it the largest city in the Pomerania region of Northern Poland.
Gdańsk is Poland's principal seaport as well as the capital of the Pomeranian Voivodeship. It is also historically the largest city of the Kashubian region. The city is close to the former late medieval/modern boundary between West Slavic and Germanic lands and it has a complex political history with periods of Polish rule, periods of German rule, and extensive self-rule, with two spells as a free city. It has been part of modern Poland since 1945.
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Genoa
Genoa
/ˈdʒɛnoʊ.ə/ (Italian: Genova [ˈdʒɛːnova] (
listen); Genoese and Ligurian Zena [ˈzeːna]; Latin and, archaically, English Genua) is the capital of Liguria and the sixth largest city in Italy, with a population of 608,676 within its administrative limits on a land area of 243.6 km2 (94 sq mi). The urban zone of Genoa extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of 718,896. The urban area of Genoa has a population of 800,709. In the metropolitan area live between 859,000 and 1.4 million or 1.5 million people. Genoa is one of Europe's largest cities on the Mediterranean Sea and the largest seaport in Italy.
Genoa has been nicknamed la Superba ("the Superb one") due to its glorious past and impressive landmarks. Part of the old town of Genoa was inscribed on the World Heritage List (UNESCO) in 2006 (see below). The city's rich art, music, gastronomy, architecture and history, allowed it to become the 2004's European Capital of Culture. It is the birthplace of Christopher Columbus.
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Germany
Germany (i/ˈdʒɜrməni/), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland, pronounced [ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant] ( listen)), is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state and the largest economy in the European Union. It is one of the major political powers of the European continent and a technological leader in many fields.
A region named Germania, inhabited by several Germanic peoples, was documented before AD 100. During the Migration Period, the Germanic tribes expanded southward, and established successor kingdoms throughout much of Europe. Beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation while southern and western parts remained dominated by Roman Catholic denominations, with the two factions clashing in the Thirty Years' War, marking the beginning of the Catholic–Protestant divide that has characterized German society ever since. Occupied during the Napoleonic Wars, the rise of Pan-Germanism inside the German Confederation resulted in the unification of most of the German states into the German Empire in 1871 which was Prussian dominated. After the German Revolution of 1918–1919 and the subsequent military surrender in World War I, the Empire was replaced by the Weimar Republic in 1918, and partitioned in the Treaty of Versailles. Amidst the Great Depression, the Third Reich was proclaimed in 1933. The latter period was marked by Fascism and World War II. After 1945, Germany was divided by allied occupation, and evolved into two states, East Germany and West Germany. In 1990 Germany was reunified.
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Glasgow
Coordinates: 55°51′29″N 4°15′32″W / 55.858°N 4.259°W / 55.858; -4.259
Glasgow (i/ˈɡlɑːzɡəʊ/, locally /ˈɡlazɡo/, GLAZ-goh; Scots: Glesga listen (help·info); Scottish Gaelic: Glaschu ([ˈkɫ̪as̪əxu] listen (help·info))) is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom. The city is situated on the River Clyde in the country's West Central Lowlands.
Glasgow grew from a small rural settlement on the River Clyde to become one of the largest seaports in Britain. Expanding from the medieval bishopric of Glasgow and the later establishment of the University of Glasgow in the 15th century, it became a major centre of the Scottish Enlightenment in the 18th century. From the 18th century the city also grew as one of Britain's main hubs of transatlantic trade with British North America and the British West Indies. With the Industrial Revolution, the city and surrounding region shifted to become one of the world's pre-eminent centres of heavy engineering, most notably in shipbuilding and marine engineering industry, which produced many innovative and famous vessels. Glasgow was known as the "Second City of the British Empire" for much of the Victorian era and Edwardian period. Today it is one of Europe's top ten financial centres and is home to many of Scotland's leading businesses. Glasgow is also ranked as the 57th most liveable city in the world.
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Great Britain
Great Britain or Britain (Welsh: Prydain Fawr, Scottish Gaelic: Breatainn Mhòr, Cornish: Breten Veur) is an island situated to the northwest of Continental Europe. It is the ninth largest island in the world, the largest European island, and the largest of the British Isles. With a population of about 60.0 million people in mid-2009, it is the third most populous island in the world, after Java and Honshū. Great Britain is surrounded by over 1,000 smaller islands and islets. The island of Ireland lies to its west. Politically, Great Britain may also refer to the island itself together with a number of surrounding islands which comprise the territory of England, Scotland and Wales.
All of the island is territory of the sovereign state of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and most of the United Kingdom's territory is in Great Britain. Most of England, Scotland, and Wales are on the island of Great Britain, as are their respective capital cities: London, Edinburgh, and Cardiff.
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Greater London
Greater London is the top-level administrative division of England covering London. It was created in 1965 and spans the City of London and the 32 London boroughs. This territory has the same boundaries as the London Government Office Region and the London European Parliament constituency. The region has by far the highest GVA per capita in the United Kingdom. It covers 1,572 km2 (607 sq mi) and had a 2009 mid-year estimated population of 7,753,600. The term Greater London was in use before 1965 to refer to a variously defined area, larger than the County of London and often similar to the Metropolitan Police District.
In addition to its administrative and statistical functions, Greater London (excluding the City of London) is one of the 48 ceremonial counties of England, and is under the Greater London Lieutenancy.
Instead of forming a single political unit, London is divided into the small, interior City of London and the much wider Greater London. This arrangement has come about because as the area of London grew and absorbed neighbouring settlements, a series of administrative reforms did not fully amalgamate the City of London with the metropolitan area, and its unique political structure was retained. Outside the limited boundaries of the old city, a variety of arrangements governed the wider area since 1855, culminating with the creation of the Greater London administrative area in 1965.
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Greater Mexico City
Greater Mexico City refers to the conurbation around Mexico City, officially called Mexico City Metropolitan Area (Área Metropolitana de la Ciudad de México), constituted by the Federal District—itself composed of 16 boroughs—and 41 adjacent municipalities of the states of Mexico and Hidalgo. For normative purposes, however, Greater Mexico City most commonly refers to the Metropolitan Area of the Valley of Mexico (Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México) an agglomeration that incorporates 18 additional municipalities. As of 2009, Greater Mexico City has a population of 21,163,226, making it the third largest metropolitan area in the world and the most populous metropolitan area in the Americas.
Since the 1940s there have been different proposals to establish the limits of the growing conurbation of Mexico City, and different definitions were used unofficially as the city continued to grow. The Federal Government (represented by the Department of Social Development), the Federal District (Mexico City proper), and the State of Mexico agreed on the official definitions for both the Mexico City Metropolitan Area and the Metropolitan Area of the Valley of Mexico on 22 December 2005 Per the agreement, most urban planning projects will be administered by Metropolitan Commissions.
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Grozny
Grozny (Russian: Гро́зный; Chechen: Соьлжа-ГIала, ГIалитIа, Sölƶa-Ġala, or Жовхар, Ƶovxar) is the capital city of the Chechen Republic, Russia. The city lies on the Sunzha River. According to the preliminary results of the 2010 Census, the city had a population of 271,596; up from 210,720 recorded in the 2002 Census, but still only about two-thirds of 399,688 recorded in the 1989 Census.
In Russian, "Grozny" means "fearsome". During the existence of the separatist republic, it was renamed to Dzokhar-Ghala in 1996, and Chechen separatists sometimes continue refer to the city as Dzhokhar or Djohar (Chechen: Джовхар-ГIала, Dƶovxar-Ġala); it was named so after Dzhokhar Dudaev, the first president of the separatist Chechen Republic of Ichkeria. As of December 2005, the Chechen parliament voted to rename the city Akhmadkala after Akhmad Kadyrov, a proposition which was rejected by his son Ramzan Kadyrov, the prime minister and later president of the republic.
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Haarlem
Haarlem (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɦaːr.lɛm] ( listen), formerly referred to as Harlem in the English language) is a municipality and a city in the Netherlands. It is the capital of the province of North Holland, the northern half of Holland, which at one time was the most powerful of the seven provinces of the Dutch Republic. Haarlem lies in the northern part of the Randstad, one of the largest metropolitan areas in Europe.
By the end of 2011 Haarlem had a total population of 151,853. The municipality of Haarlem also comprises part of the village of Spaarndam, a newer housing estate of this village forms part of the neighboring municipality of Haarlemmerliede en Spaarnwoude.
The city is located on the river Spaarne, about 20 km west of Amsterdam and near the coastal dunes. It has been the historical center of the tulip bulb-growing district for centuries and bears the nickname 'Bloemenstad' (flower city), for this reason.
Haarlem has a rich history dating back to pre-medieval times, as it lies on a thin strip of land above sea level known as the strandwal (beach ridge), which connects Leiden to Alkmaar. The people on this narrow strip of land struggled against the waters of the North Sea from the west, and the waters of the IJ and the Haarlem Lake from the east. Haarlem was able to become wealthy with toll revenues that it collected from ships and travellers moving on this busy North-South route. However, as shipping became increasingly important economically, the city of Amsterdam became the main Dutch city of North Holland during the Dutch Golden Age. The town of Halfweg became a suburb, and Haarlem became a quiet bedroom community, and for this reason, Haarlem still has many of its central medieval buildings intact. Today many of them are on the Dutch Heritage register known as Rijksmonuments. The list of Rijksmonuments in Haarlem gives an overview of these per neighborhood, with the majority in the old city center.
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Hamburg
Hamburg ( /ˈhæmbɜrɡ/; German pronunciation: [ˈhambʊɐ̯k], local pronunciation [ˈhambʊɪç]; Low German/Low Saxon: Hamborg [ˈhaˑmbɔːx]), officially Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, is the second-largest city in Germany, the thirteenth largest German state, and the sixth-largest city in the European Union. The city is home to over 1.8 million people, while the Hamburg Metropolitan Region (including parts of the neighbouring Federal States of Lower Saxony and Schleswig-Holstein) has more than 4.3 million inhabitants. Situated on the river Elbe, the port of Hamburg is the second largest port in Europe (after the Port of Rotterdam) and 11th-largest worldwide.
Hamburg's official name, Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg (German: Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg), reflects Hamburg's history as a member of the medieval Hanseatic League, as a free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire, and that Hamburg is a city-state and one of the sixteen States of Germany.
Hamburg is a major transport hub in Northern Germany and is one of the most affluent cities in Europe. It has become a media and industrial centre, with plants and facilities belonging to Airbus, Blohm + Voss and Aurubis. The radio and television broadcaster Norddeutscher Rundfunk and publishers such as Gruner + Jahr and Spiegel-Verlag are pillars of the important media industry in Hamburg. In total, there are more than 120,000 enterprises.
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Hong Kong
Coordinates: 22°16′42″N 114°09′32″E / 22.27833°N 114.15889°E / 22.27833; 114.15889
Hong Kong (Chinese: 香港) is one of two special administrative regions (SARs) of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the other being Macau. A city-state situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is known for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour. With a land mass of 1,104 km2 (426 sq mi) and a population of seven million people, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Hong Kong's population is 95 percent ethnic Chinese and 5 percent from other groups. Hong Kong's Han Chinese majority originate mainly from the cities of Guangzhou and Taishan in the neighbouring Guangdong province.
Hong Kong became a colony of the British Empire after the First Opium War (1839–42). Originally confined to Hong Kong Island, the colony's boundaries were extended in stages to the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 and then the New Territories in 1898. It was occupied by Japan during the Pacific War, after which the British resumed control until 1997, when China resumed sovereignty. The region espoused minimum government intervention under the ethos of positive non-interventionism during the colonial era. The time period greatly influenced the current culture of Hong Kong, often described as "East meets West", and the educational system, which used to loosely follow the system in England until reforms implemented in 2009.
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Houston
Houston ( /ˈhjuːstən/) (Alibamu: Yosti ) is the largest city in the state of Texas, and the fourth-largest city in the United States. According to the 2010 U.S. Census, the city had a population of 2.1 million people within an area of 656.3 square miles (1,700 km2). Houston is the seat of Harris County and the economic center of Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown, which is the fifth-largest metropolitan area in the United States, with 6.08 million people as of July 1st, 2011.
Houston was founded in 1836 on land near the banks of Buffalo Bayou. It was incorporated as a city on June 5, 1837, and named after then-President of the Republic of Texas—former General Sam Houston—who had commanded at the Battle of San Jacinto, which took place 25 miles (40 km) east of where the city was established. The burgeoning port and railroad industry, combined with oil discovery in 1901, has induced continual surges in the city's population. In the mid-twentieth century, Houston became the home of the Texas Medical Center—the world's largest concentration of healthcare and research institutions—and NASA's Johnson Space Center, where the Mission Control Center is located.
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Idaho
Idaho (i/ˈaɪdəhoʊ/) is a state in the Rocky Mountain area of the United States. Idaho is the 14th most expansive, the 39th most populous, and the 7th least densely populated of the 50 United States. The state's largest city and capital is Boise. Residents are called "Idahoans". Idaho was admitted to the Union on July 3, 1890, as the 43rd state.
Idaho is a mountainous state with an area larger than that of all of New England. It is landlocked, surrounded by the states of Washington, Oregon, Nevada, Utah, Wyoming, Montana and the Canadian province of British Columbia. However, the network of dams and locks on the Columbia River and Snake River make the city of Lewiston the farthest inland seaport on the Pacific coast of the contiguous United States.
Idaho's nickname is the Gem State, because nearly every known type of gemstone has been found there. In addition, Idaho is one of only two places in the world where star garnets can be found (the other is the Himalaya Mountains, in India)[citation needed], and is the only place six-pointed star garnets have been found[citation needed]. Additionally Idaho is sometimes called the Potato State owing to its popular crop. The state motto is Esto Perpetua (Latin for "Let it be forever").
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Illinois
Illinois (i/ˌɪlɨˈnɔɪ/ IL-i-NOY) is the 25th most extensive and the 5th most populous of the 50 United States, and is often noted as a microcosm of the entire country. With Chicago in the northeast, small industrial cities and great agricultural productivity in central and northern Illinois, and natural resources like coal, timber, and petroleum in the south, Illinois has a broad economic base. Illinois is a major transportation hub. The Port of Chicago connects the state to other global ports from the Great Lakes, via the Saint Lawrence Seaway, to the Atlantic Ocean; as well as the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River, via the Illinois River. For decades, O'Hare International Airport has ranked as one of the world's busiest airports. Illinois has long had a reputation as a bellwether both in social and cultural terms and politics.
Although the state's largest population centers today are in northern Illinois, originally the state's population grew from south to north, with settlers arriving from Kentucky in the 1810s. In 1818, Illinois achieved statehood. Chicago was founded in the 1830s on the banks of the Chicago River, one of the few natural harbors on southern Lake Michigan. Railroads and John Deere's invention of the self-scouring steel plow turned Illinois' rich prairie into some of the world's most productive and valuable farmlands, attracting immigrant farmers from Germany and Sweden. By 1900, the growth of industrial jobs in the northern cities and coal mining in the central and southern areas attracted immigrants from Eastern and Southern Europe. Illinois was an important manufacturing center during both world wars. The Great Migration established a large community of African Americans in Chicago that created the city's famous jazz and blues cultures.
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Incheon
Coordinates: 37°29′N 126°38′E / 37.483°N 126.633°E / 37.483; 126.633
The Incheon Metropolitan City (인천, 仁川, literally 'wise river' - formerly Inchon; named Jinsen during the time of Japanese rule) is located in northwestern South Korea. The city was home to just 4,700 people when Jemulpo port was built in 1883. Today 2.76 million people live in the city, making it Korea’s third most populous city after Seoul and Busan Metropolitan City. While people have inhabited the area from the New Stone Age, the city’s growth was assured in modern times with the development of its port due to its natural advantages as a coastal city.
Incheon has since led the economic development of Korea by opening its port to the outside world, issuing in the modernization of Korea as a center of industrialization. In 2003, the city was designated as Korea’s first free economic zone. Since then, large local companies and global enterprises have increasingly invested in Incheon Free Economic Zone, including Samsung which chose Songdo International City as its new investment destination for its bio industry.
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India
India (i/ˈɪndiə/), officially the Republic of India (Bhārat Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south-west, and the Bay of Bengal on the south-east, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Burma and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; in addition, India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.
Home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history. Four of the world's major religions—Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism—originated here, whereas Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived in the 1st millennium CE and also helped shape the region's diverse culture. Gradually annexed by and brought under the administration of the British East India Company from the early 18th century and administered directly by the United Kingdom from the mid-19th century, India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by non-violent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi.
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Indonesia
Indonesia (i/ˌɪndəˈniːʒə/ IN-də-NEE-zhə or /ˌɪndoʊˈniːziə/ IN-doh-NEE-zee-ə), officially the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Republik Indonesia Indonesian pronunciation: [rɛpʊblɪk ɪndɔnɛsɪa]), is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 17,508 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an elected legislature and president. The nation's capital city is Jakarta. The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and Malaysia. Other neighboring countries include Singapore, Philippines, Australia, and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Indonesia is a founding member of ASEAN and a member of the G-20 major economies. The Indonesian economy is the world's 17th largest economy by nominal GDP.
The Indonesian archipelago has been an important trade region since at least the 7th century, when Srivijaya and then later Majapahit traded with China and India. Local rulers gradually absorbed foreign cultural, religious and political models from the early centuries CE, and Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms flourished. Indonesian history has been influenced by foreign powers drawn to its natural resources. Muslim traders brought Islam, and European powers brought Christianity and fought one another to monopolize trade in the Spice Islands of Maluku during the Age of Discovery. Following three and a half centuries of Dutch colonialism, Indonesia secured its independence after World War II. Indonesia's history has since been turbulent, with challenges posed by natural disasters, corruption, separatism, a democratization process, and periods of rapid economic change.
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Insular area
An insular area is a United States territory, that is neither a part of one of the 50 U.S. states nor the District of Columbia, the federal district of the U.S. They are called "insular" from the Latin word insula ("island") because they were once administered by the War Department's Bureau of Insular Affairs, now the Office of Insular Affairs at the Department of the Interior. The term insular possession is also sometimes used.
Because those insular areas that are inhabited are unincorporated territories, their native-born inhabitants are not constitutionally entitled to United States citizenship, under the Citizenship Clause.[citation needed] However, Congress has extended citizenship rights to all inhabited territories except American Samoa, and these citizens may vote and run for office in any U.S. jurisdiction in which they are residents. The people of American Samoa are U.S. nationals, but not U.S. citizens; they are free to move around and seek employment within the whole United States without immigration restrictions, but cannot vote or hold office outside of American Samoa.[citation needed]
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Inverness
Coordinates: 57°28′18″N 4°13′31″W / 57.4717°N 4.2254°W / 57.4717; -4.2254
Inverness (from the Scottish Gaelic: Inbhir Nis pronounced [iɲɪɾʲˈniʃ], meaning "Mouth of the River Ness" listen (help·info)) is a city in the Scottish Highlands. It is the administrative centre for the Highland council area, and is regarded as the capital of the Highlands of Scotland. Inverness lies near two important battle sites: the 11th century battle of Blàr nam Fèinne against Norway which took place on The Aird and the 18th century Battle of Culloden which took place on Culloden Moor. It is the northernmost city in the United Kingdom and lies within the Great Glen (Gleann Mòr) at its north-eastern extremity where the River Ness enters the Moray Firth. At the latest, a settlement was established by the 6th century with the first royal charter being granted by Dabíd mac Maíl Choluim (King David I) in the 12th century. The Gaelic king, Mac Bethad mac Findláich (MacBeth) nicknamed An Rígh Dearg (The Red King) held a castle within the city where he ruled as Mormaer of Moray and Ross.
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Iowa
Iowa (i/ˈaɪ.əwə/) is a state located in the Midwestern United States, an area often referred to as the "American Heartland". It derives its name from the Ioway people, one of the many American Indian tribes that occupied the state at the time of European exploration. Iowa was a part of the French colony of New France. After the Louisiana Purchase, settlers laid the foundation for an agriculture-based economy in the heart of the Corn Belt. Iowa is often known as the "Food Capital of the World".
In the latter half of the 20th century, Iowa's agricultural economy transitioned to a diversified economy of advanced manufacturing, processing, financial services, biotechnology, and green energy production. Iowa is the 26th most extensive and the 30th most populous of the 50 United States. Its capital and largest city is Des Moines. Iowa has been listed as one of the safest states to live in.
Iowa is bordered by the Mississippi River on the east; the Missouri River and the Big Sioux River on the west; the northern boundary is a line along 43 degrees, 30 minutes north latitude. The southern border is the Des Moines River and a not-quite-straight line along approximately 40 degrees 35 minutes north, as decided by the U.S. Supreme Court in Missouri v. Iowa after a standoff between Missouri and Iowa known as the Honey War.
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Iran
Coordinates: 32°N 53°E / 32°N 53°E / 32; 53
Iran (i/ɪˈrɑːn/ or /aɪˈræn/;Persian: ایران [ʔiˈɾɒn] ( listen)), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (Persian: جمهوری اسلامی ایران Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān), is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran", which in Persian means "Land of the Aryans", has been in use natively since the Sassanian era. It came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia ( /ˈpɜrʒə/ or /ˈpɜrʃə/). Both "Persia" and "Iran" are used interchangeably in cultural contexts; however, "Iran" is the name used officially in political contexts.
The 18th-largest country in the world in terms of area at 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi), Iran has a population of around 79 million. It is a country of particular geopolitical significance owing to its location in the Middle East and central Eurasia. Iran is bordered on the north by Armenia, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan. As Iran is a littoral state of the Caspian Sea, which is an inland sea, Kazakhstan and Russia are also Iran's direct neighbors to the north. Iran is bordered on the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan, on the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, on the west by Iraq and on the northwest by Turkey. Tehran is the capital, the country's largest city and the political, cultural, commercial and industrial center of the nation. Iran is a regional power, and holds an important position in international energy security and world economy as a result of its large reserves of petroleum and natural gas. Iran has the second largest proven natural gas reserves in the world and the fourth largest proven petroleum reserves.
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Iraq
Iraq (/ɪˈræk/ ori/ɪˈrɑːk/; Arabic: العراق al-‘Irāq); officially the Republic of Iraq (Arabic: جمهورية العراق (help·info) Jumhūriyyat al-‘Irāq), is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert.
Iraq borders Syria to the northwest, Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Jordan to the southwest and Kuwait and Saudi Arabia to the south. Iraq has a narrow section of coastline measuring 58 km (36 mi) on the northern Persian Gulf. The capital city, Baghdad is in the center-east of the country.
Two major rivers, the Tigris and Euphrates, run through the center of Iraq, flowing from northwest to southeast. These provide Iraq with agriculturally capable land and contrast with the steppe and desert landscape that covers most of Western Asia.
Historically, Iraq was the center of the Abbasid Arabic Islamic Empire. Iraq has been known to the west by the Greek toponym 'Mesopotamia' (Land between the rivers) and has been home to continuous successive civilizations since the 6th millennium BC. The region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers is often referred to as the cradle of civilization and the birthplace of writing, law and the wheel. At different periods in its history, Iraq was the center of the indigenous Akkadian, Sumerian, Assyrian, Babylonian, and Abbasid empires. It was also part of the Achaemenid, Hellenistic, Parthian, Sassanid, Roman, Rashidun, Umayyad, Mongol, Safavid, Afsharid, and Ottoman empires, and under British control as a League of Nations mandate.
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Islamabad
Islamabad (Urdu: اسلام آباد Islām ābād, lit. Abode of Islam) is the capital of Pakistan and the tenth largest city in the country. Located within the Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT), the population of the city has grown from 100,000 in 1951 to 1.152 million in 2011. The greater Islamabad-Rawalpindi Metropolitan Area is the third largest conurbation in Pakistan with a population of over 4.5 million inhabitants.
Islamabad is located in the Pothohar Plateau in the northern part of the country, within the Islamabad Capital Territory. The region has historically been a part of the crossroads of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa with Margalla pass acting as the gateway between the two regions. The city was built during the 1960s to replace Karachi as Pakistan's capital. Islamabad is a well-organized city divided into different sectors and zones. It is regarded as the most developed city in Pakistan. Islamabad is ranked as a Gamma world city. The city is home to Faisal Mosque, the largest mosque in South Asia and the sixth largest mosque in the world.
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Israel
Coordinates: 31°N 35°E / 31°N 35°E / 31; 35
Israel, officially the State of Israel ( /ˈɪzriːəl/ or /ˈɪzreɪəl/; Hebrew: מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, Medīnat Yisrā'el, IPA: [me̞diˈnät jisʁäˈʔe̞l] ( listen); Arabic: دَوْلَة إِسْرَائِيل, Dawlat Isrāʼīl, IPA: [dawlat ʔisraːˈʔiːl]), is a parliamentary republic in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan and the West Bank in the east, Egypt and the Gaza Strip on the southwest, and the Gulf of Aqaba in the Red Sea to the south, and it contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel is defined as a Jewish and Democratic State in its Basic Laws and is the world's only Jewish-majority state.
Following the adoption of a resolution by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 29 November 1947 recommending the adoption and implementation of the United Nations plan to partition Palestine, on 14 May 1948 David Ben-Gurion, the Executive Head of the World Zionist Organization and president of the Jewish Agency for Palestine, declared the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz Israel, to be known as the State of Israel, a state independent from the British Mandate for Palestine. Neighboring Arab states invaded the next day in support of the Palestinian Arabs. Israel has since fought several wars with neighboring Arab states, in the course of which it has occupied the West Bank, Sinai Peninsula, Gaza Strip and the Golan Heights. Portions of these territories, including east Jerusalem, have been annexed by Israel, but the border with the neighboring West Bank has not yet been permanently defined.[neutrality is disputed] Israel has signed peace treaties with Egypt and Jordan, but efforts to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict have so far not resulted in peace.
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Istanbul
Istanbul (Turkish: İstanbul) is the largest city in Turkey, forming the country's economic, cultural, and historical heart. With a population of 13.4 million, the city is at the center of the second-largest urban area in Europe after Moscow, and among the world's largest cities by population within city limits. Istanbul's vast area of 5,343 square kilometers (2,063 sq mi) is coterminous with Istanbul Province, of which the city is considered capital. Straddling the Bosphorus—one of the world's busiest waterways—in northwestern Turkey, between the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea, Istanbul is a transcontinental city, with one third of its population living in Asia but its commercial and historical center in Europe.
Founded around 660 BC as Byzantium on the Seraglio Point, the city now known as Istanbul developed to become one of the most significant cities in history. For nearly sixteen centuries following its reestablishment as Constantinople in 330 AD, it served as the capital of four empires — the late classical Roman Empire (330–395), the Eastern Roman ("Byzantine") Empire (395–1204 and 1261–1453), the Latin Empire (1204–1261), and the Ottoman Empire (1453–1922). It was instrumental in the advancement of Christianity during Roman and Byzantine times, before the Ottomans conquered the city in 1453 and transformed it into an Islamic stronghold from which the last caliphate ruled. Although the Republic of Turkey established its capital elsewhere, in Ankara, remnants of Istanbul's previous central role still remain highly visible across the city, with palaces and imperial mosques lining its hills.
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Italy
Italyi/ˈɪtəli/ (Italian: Italia [iˈtaːlja]), officially the Italian Republic or the Republic of Italy (Italian: Repubblica italiana), is a unitary parliamentary republic in south-central Europe. To the north, it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia along the Alps. To the south, it consists of the entirety of the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Sardinia–the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea–and many other smaller islands. The independent states of San Marino and the Vatican City are enclaves within Italy, while Campione d'Italia is an Italian exclave in Switzerland. The territory of Italy covers some 301,338 km2 (116,347 sq mi) and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 60.6 million inhabitants, it is the fifth most populous country in Europe, and the 23rd most populous in the world.
Rome, the capital of Italy, was for centuries a political and religious centre of Western civilisation as the capital of the Roman Empire and site of the Holy See. After the decline of the Roman Empire, Italy endured numerous invasions by foreign peoples, from Germanic tribes such as the Lombards and Ostrogoths, to the Byzantines and later, the Normans, among others. Centuries later, Italy became the birthplace of Maritime republics and the Renaissance, an immensely fruitful intellectual movement that would prove to be integral in shaping the subsequent course of European thought.
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Jaffa
Jaffa (English pronunciation: /ˈdʒæfə/, /ˈdʒɑːfə/;Hebrew: יָפוֹ, Yāfō (help·info); Arabic: يَافَا Yāfā (help·info); Latin: Joppe; also Japho, Joppa (transliteration from the Greek "Ιόππη") is an ancient port city believed[by whom?] to be one of the oldest in the world. Jaffa was incorporated with Tel Aviv in 1950 creating the city of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel. Jaffa is famous for its association with the biblical story of the prophet Jonah.
The name of the city is mentioned in Egyptian sources and the Amarna Letters as Yapu. There are several legends about the origin of the name Jaffa. Some say it is named for Japheth, one of the sons of Noah, who built it after the Great Flood.[citation needed] The Hellenist tradition links the name to "Iopeia", which is Cassiopeia, the mother of Andromeda. An outcropping of rocks near the harbor is reputed to have been the place from which Andromeda was rescued by Perseus. Pliny the Elder associates the name with Jopa, the daughter of Aeolus, god of wind. The Arab geographer Al-Muqaddasi mentions it under the name Yaffa, which is used by Arabic speakers today.
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Jakarta
Jakarta ( /dʒəˈkɑrtə/), officially known as the Special Capital Territory of Jakarta (Indonesian: Daerah Khusus Ibu Kota Jakarta), is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Located on the northwest coast of Java, Jakarta is the country's economic, cultural and political centre, and with a population of 10,187,595 as of November 2011, it is the most populous city in Indonesia and in Southeast Asia, and is the twelfth-largest city in the world. The official metropolitan area, known as Jabodetabekjur, is the second largest in the world, yet the city's suburbs still continue beyond it. Jakarta is listed as a global city in the 2008 Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network (GaWC) research. and has an area of 661 square kilometres (255 sq mi)
Based on Brooking Institute survey about growth, in 2011 Jakarta ranked 17th among the world's 200 largest cities, a significant jumps from 2007 when Jakarta ranked 171st. Jakarta has seen more rapid growth than Kuala Lumpur, Beijing and Bangkok.
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Jerusalem
Jerusalem ( /dʒəˈruːsələm/; Hebrew: יְרוּשָׁלַיִם Yerushaláyim ; Arabic: القُدس al-Quds and/or أورشليم Ûrshalîm) is the capital of Israel, though not internationally recognized as such, and one of the oldest cities in the world. It is located in the Judean Mountains, between the Mediterranean Sea and the northern edge of the Dead Sea. If the area and population of East Jerusalem is included, it is Israel's largest city in both population and area, with a population of 801,000 residents over an area of 125.1 km2 (48.3 sq mi). Jerusalem is also a holy city to the three major Abrahamic religions—Judaism, Christianity and Islam.
During its long history, Jerusalem has been destroyed twice, besieged 23 times, attacked 52 times, and captured and recaptured 44 times. The oldest part of the city was settled in the 4th millennium BCE. In 1538, walls were built around Jerusalem under Suleiman the Magnificent. Today those walls define the Old City, which has been traditionally divided into four quarters—known since the early 19th century as the Armenian, Christian, Jewish, and Muslim Quarters. The Old City became a World Heritage site in 1981, and is on the List of World Heritage in Danger. Modern Jerusalem has grown far beyond its boundaries.
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Kableshkovo
Kableshkovo is a small town in the Pomorie Municipality, Bulgaria. As of 2005 the population is 2 866. A small but modern sports complex of PFC Naftex Burgas is under construction. It will include two football terrains and an attached hotel. A golf complex is also expected to be built till 2010, and is expected to be the biggest and most modern golf complex in the country.
Coordinates: 42°39′00″N 27°34′00″E / 42.65000001°N 27.5666666767°E / 42.65000001; 27.5666666767
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Kaifeng
Kaifeng (simplified Chinese: 开封; traditional Chinese: 開封; pinyin: Kāifēng; Wade–Giles: K'aifeng), known previously by several names (see below), is a prefecture-level city in east-central Henan province, Central China. Nearly 5 million people live in the metropolitan area. Located along the southern bank of the Yellow River, it borders the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to the west, Xinxiang to the northwest, Shangqiu to the east, Zhoukou to the southeast, Xuchang to the southwest, and the province of Shandong to the northeast.
The Chinese Postal Map Romanisation for the city is Kaifeng whilst its abbreviation is biàn (汴). Historically it has also been known as:
The name "Kaifeng" first appeared as the area's name after the Qin Dynasty's conquering of China in the 2nd century BC, and literally means "expand the borders".
The prefecture-level city of Kaifeng administers five districts and five counties.
Kaifeng is one of the Seven Ancient Capitals of China. As with Beijing, there have been many reconstructions during its history.
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Kansas
Kansas (i/ˈkænzəs/) is a U.S. state located in the Midwestern United States. It is named after the Kansas River which flows through it, which in turn was named after the Kansa Native American tribe, which inhabited the area. The tribe's name (natively kką:ze) is often said to mean "people of the wind" or "people of the south wind," although this was probably not the term's original meaning. Residents of Kansas are called "Kansans."
For thousands of years what is now Kansas was home to numerous and diverse Native American tribes. Tribes in the Eastern part of the state generally lived in villages along the river valleys. Tribes in the Western part of the state were semi-nomadic and hunted large herds of bison. Kansas was first settled by European Americans in the 1830s, but the pace of settlement accelerated in the 1850s, in the midst of political wars over the slavery issue. When officially opened to settlement by the U.S. government in 1854, abolitionist Free-Staters from New England and pro-slavery settlers from neighboring Missouri rushed to the territory to determine if Kansas would become a free state or a slave state. Thus, the area was a hotbed of violence and chaos in its early days as these forces collided, and was known as Bleeding Kansas. The abolitionists eventually prevailed and on January 29, 1861, Kansas entered the Union as a free state. After the Civil War, the population of Kansas grew rapidly, when waves of immigrants turned the prairie into farmland. Today, Kansas is one of the most productive agricultural states, producing high yields of wheat, sorghum and sunflowers. Kansas is the 15th most extensive and the 33rd most populous of the 50 United States.
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Karachi
Karachi ( Karācī (help·info), Urdu: کراچی; Sindhi: ڪراچي) is the largest city, main seaport and financial centre of Pakistan, as well as the capital of the province of Sindh. The city has an estimated population of 13 to 15 million, while the total metropolitan area has a population of over 13 million. Results in April 2012 of Pakistan's latest census initial tabulations show that the district is home to over 21 million people, at a density of nearly 6,000 people per square kilometer (15,500 per square mile). Karachi is the most populous city in the country, one of the world's largest cities in terms of population and also the 10th largest urban agglomeration in the world. It is Pakistan's premier centre of banking, industry, economic activity and trade and is home to Pakistan's largest corporations, including those involved in textiles, shipping, automotive industry, entertainment, the arts, fashion, advertising, publishing, software development and medical research. The city is a major hub of higher education in South Asia and the wider Muslim world.
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Karbala
Karbala (Arabic: كربلاء; BGN: Al-Karbalā’; also referred to as Karbalā' al-Muqaddasah) is a city in Iraq, located about 100 km (62 mi) southwest of Baghdad. Karbala is the capital of Karbala Governorate, and has an estimated population of 572,300 people (2003).
The city, best known as the location of the Battle of Karbala (680), is amongst the holiest cities for Shia Muslims after Mecca and Medina. It is home to the Imam Hussein Shrine. Karbala is famous as the site of the martyrdom of Hussein ibn Ali (Imam Hussein), and commemorations are held by millions of Shias annually to remember it. Karbala is considered sacred by all Shias.
There are several theories as to the origin of the name Karbala. One traditional hypothesis is Turkish geographer Yaqut al-Hamawi's belief that the name is an alternate Arabic feminine version of karbalah "soft earth". Another theory is that the name came from the Aramaic root Karb or Qarb; meaning "Near", and Alah; meaning God. Hence, the word 'Karbala' signifies 'Near God'. Alternatively, it has been said to be derived from the Aramaic word Kora, meaning place for making bricks, for the nearby ancient city of Babil, hence Karbabil, which became Karbala by contraction.
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Katowice
Katowice (Polish: [katɔˈvʲit͡sɛ] ( listen); German: Kattowitz) is a city in Silesia in southern Poland, on the Kłodnica and Rawa rivers (tributaries of the Oder and the Vistula respectively). Katowice is located in the Silesian Highlands, about 50 km (31 mi) north of the Silesian Beskids (part of the Carpathian Mountains) and about 100 km (62 mi) southeast of the Sudetes Mountains.
It is the central district of the Upper Silesian Metropolis, with a population of 2.2 million to 3.5 million. Katowice is the center of science, culture, industry, business and transportation in southern Poland. It is the main city in the Upper Silesian Industrial Region and of the 2.7 millionconurbation, the Katowice urban area, within a Silesian metropolitan area populated by 4,676,983 people.
Katowice has been the capital of the Silesian Voivodeship since its formation in 1999. Previously, it was the capital of the Katowice Voivodeship, before then, of the Silesian Voivodeship and before then Province of Upper Silesia in Germany.
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Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan (i/ˌkɑːzəkˈstɑːn/ or /ˌkæzəkˈstæn/) (Kazakh: Қазақстан, Qazaqstan, pronounced [qɑzɑqstɑ́n]; Russian: Казахстан [kəzɐxˈstan]), officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country in Central Asia and Europe. The ninth largest country in the world by land area, it is also the world's largest landlocked country; its territory of 2,727,300 square kilometres (1,053,000 sq mi) is larger than Western Europe. It is neighbored clockwise from the north by Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and also borders on a significant part of the Caspian Sea. Although Kazakhstan does not share a border with Mongolia, its most easterly point is only 38 kilometres (24 mi) from Mongolia's western tip. The terrain of Kazakhstan ranges from flatlands, steppes, taigas, rock-canyons, hills, deltas, and snow-capped mountains to deserts. With 16.6 million people (2011 estimate) Kazakhstan has the 62nd largest population in the world, though its population density is less than 6 people per square kilometre (15 per sq. mi.). The capital was moved in 1998 from Almaty, Kazakhstan's largest city, to Astana.
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Kentucky
Kentucky (i/kɨnˈtʌki/), officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a state located in the Upper South of the United States. Kentucky is one of four U.S. states constituted as a commonwealth (the others being Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts). Originally a part of Virginia, in 1792 Kentucky became the 15th state to join the Union. Kentucky is the 37th most extensive and the 26th most populous of the 50 United States.
Kentucky is known as the "Bluegrass State", a nickname based on the fact that bluegrass is present in many of the pastures throughout the state, because of the fertile soil. It made possible the breeding of high-quality livestock, especially thoroughbred racing horses. It is a land with diverse environments and abundant resources, including the world's longest cave system, Mammoth Cave National Park; the greatest length of navigable waterways and streams in the contiguous United States; and the two largest man-made lakes east of the Mississippi River. It is also home to the highest per capita number of deer and turkey in the United States, the largest free-ranging elk herd east of Montana, and the nation's most productive coalfield. Kentucky is also known for horse racing, bourbon distilleries, bluegrass music, automobile manufacturing, tobacco and college basketball.
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Kilkenny
Kilkenny (Irish: Cill Chainnigh, meaning "church of Cainnech") is a city and is the county town of the eponymous County Kilkenny in Ireland. It is built on both banks of the River Nore in the province of Leinster, in the south-east of Ireland. The city is administered by a Borough Council and a Mayor which is a level below that of city council in the Local government of the state although the Local Government Act 2001 allows for "the continued use of the description city". The borough has a population of 8,661, however the majority of the population live outside the borough boundary, the 2006 Irish Census gives the total population of the Borough & Environs as 22,179.
Kilkenny is a popular tourist destination. In 2009 the City of Kilkenny celebrated its 400th year since the granting of city status in 1609. Kilkenny's heritage is evident in the city and environs including the historic buildings such as Kilkenny Castle, St. Canice's Cathedral and round tower, Rothe House, Shee Alms House, Black Abbey, St. Mary's Cathedral, Kilkenny Town Hall, St. Francis Abbey, Grace's Castle, and St. John's Priory. Kilkenny is regarded for its culture with craft and design workshops, the Watergate Theatre, public gardens and museums. Annual events include Kilkenny Arts Week, the Cat Laughs comedy festival and music at the Rhythm and Roots festival and the Source concert. It is a popular base to explore the surrounding towns, villages and countryside.
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Kolkata
Kolkata /kɒlˈkætə/, or Calcutta /kælˈkʌtə/, is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. Located on the east bank of the Hooghly River, it is the principal commercial, cultural, and educational centre of East India, while the Port of Kolkata is India's oldest port as well as its sole major riverine port. As of 2011, the city had 4.5 million residents; the urban agglomeration, which comprises the city and its suburbs, was home to approximately 14.1 million, making it the third-most populous metropolitan area in India. As of 2008, its economic output as measured by gross domestic product ranked third among South Asian cities, behind Mumbai and Delhi. As a growing metropolitan city in a developing country, Kolkata confronts substantial urban pollution, traffic congestion, poverty, overpopulation, and other logistic and socioeconomic problems.
In the late 17th century, the three villages that predated Kolkata were ruled by the Nawab of Bengal under Mughal suzerainty. After the Nawab granted the East India Company a trading license in 1690, the area was developed by the Company into an increasingly fortified mercantile base. Nawab Siraj ud-Daulah occupied Kolkata in 1756, and the East India Company retook it in the following year and by 1772 assumed full sovereignty. Under East India Company and later under the British Raj, Kolkata served as the capital of India until 1911, when its perceived geographical disadvantages, combined with growing nationalism in Bengal, led to a shift of the capital to New Delhi. The city was a centre of the Indian independence movement; it remains a hotbed of contemporary state politics. Following Indian independence in 1947, Kolkata—which was once the centre of modern Indian education, science, culture, and politics—witnessed several decades of relative economic stagnation. Since the early 2000s, an economic rejuvenation has led to accelerated growth.
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Kraków
Kraków (Polish pronunciation: [ˈkrakuf] ( listen)) also Cracow, or Krakow (English /ˈkrækaʊ/), is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River (Polish: Wisła) in the Lesser Poland region, the city dates back to the 7th century. Kraków has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Polish academic, cultural, and artistic life and is one of Poland's most important economic hubs. It was the capital of Poland from 1038 to 1569; the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1569 to 1596; the Grand Duchy of Kraków from 1846 to 1918; and Kraków Voivodeship from the 14th century to 1999. It is now the capital of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship.
The city has grown from a Stone Age settlement to Poland's second most important city. It began as a hamlet on Wawel Hill and was already being reported as a busy trading centre of Slavonic Europe in 965. With the establishment of new universities and cultural venues at the emergence of the Second Polish Republic and throughout the 20th century, Kraków reaffirmed its role as a major national academic and artistic centre. The city has a population of approximately 760,000 whereas about 8 million people live within a 100 km radius of its main square.
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Kyoto
Kyoto (京都市, Kyōto-shi?, "Capital City") (Japanese pronunciation: [kʲoːto] ( listen)) is a city in the central part of the island of Honshū, Japan. It has a population close to 1.5 million. Formerly the imperial capital of Japan, it is now the capital of Kyoto Prefecture, as well as a major part of the Kyoto-Osaka-Kobe metropolitan area.
Although archaeological evidence places the first human settlement on the islands of Japan to approximately 10,000 BC, relatively little is known about human activity in the area before the 6th century AD, around which time the Shimogamo Shrine is believed to have been established. During the 8th century, when powerful Buddhist clergy became involved in the affairs of the Imperial government, the Emperor chose to relocate the capital to a region far from the Buddhist influence. Emperor Kammu selected the village of Uda, at the time in the Kadono district of Yamashiro Province, for this honor.
The new city, Heian-kyō (平安京, "tranquility and peace capital"), a scaled replica of the then Tang capital Chang'an, became the seat of Japan's imperial court in 794, beginning the Heian period of Japanese history. Although military rulers established their governments either in Kyoto (Muromachi shogunate) or in other cities such as Kamakura (Kamakura shogunate) and Edo (Tokugawa shogunate), Kyoto remained Japan's capital until the transfer of the imperial court to Tokyo in 1869 at the time of the Imperial Restoration. (Some believe that it is still a legal capital: see Capital of Japan.)
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Lahore
Lahore (Punjabi: لہور, Urdu: لاہور) is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab and the second largest city in the country. With a rich history dating back over a millennium, Lahore is a main cultural centre of Pakistan. One of the most densely populated cities in the world, Lahore remains an economic, political, transportation, entertainment, and educational hub.
Lahore successively served as regional capital of the empires of the Shahi kingdoms in the 11th century, the Ghaznavids in the 12th century, the Ghurid State in the 12th and 13th centuries the Mughal Empire in the 16th century, the Sikh expansion in the early 19th century, and it was the capital of the Punjab region under the British Raj in the mid 19th and early 20th century. The traditional capital of Punjab for a thousand years, Lahore was the cultural center of the northern Indian subcontinent which extends from the eastern banks of the Indus River to New Delhi. Mughal structures such as the Badshahi Mosque, the Lahore Fort, Shalimar Gardens, and the mausolea of Jehangir and Nur Jehan are tourist attractions. Lahore is also home to many British colonial structures built in the Indo-Saracenic style, such as the Lahore High Court, the General Post Office, Lahore Museum and many older universities including the University of the Punjab. The Lahore Zoo, thought to be the fourth oldest in the world, is also situated here.
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Leeds
Coordinates: 53°47′59″N 1°32′57″W / 53.79972°N 1.54917°W / 53.79972; -1.54917 Leeds (i/ˈliːdz/) is a city and metropolitan borough in West Yorkshire, England. In 2001 Leeds' main urban subdivision had a population of 443,247, while the entire city has a population of 798,800 (2011 est.), making it the 24th-most populous city in the European Union
Leeds is the cultural, financial and commercial heart of the West Yorkshire Urban Area, which at the 2001 census had a population of 1.5 million, and the Leeds-Bradford Metropolitan Area, of which Leeds is the integral part, had a population of around 2.3 million, making it the fourth-largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom. In addition, the Leeds city region, an economic area with Leeds at its core, had a population of 2.9 million. Leeds is the UK's largest centre for business, legal, and financial services outside London, and its office market is the best in Europe for value. Leeds is considered a Gamma World City, alongside cities such as Phoenix, St. Petersburg and Valencia.
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Leicester
Coordinates: 52°38′03″N 1°08′19″W / 52.63422°N 1.13852°W / 52.63422; -1.13852
Leicester (/lɛstər/ LESS-tər pronunciation (help·info)) is a city and unitary authority in the East Midlands of England, and the county town of Leicestershire. The city lies on the River Soar and at the edge of the National Forest. In 2010, the population of the Leicester unitary authority was estimated at 306,600, the second highest in the region, whilst 441,213 people lived in the wider Leicester Urban Area in 2006, making Leicester the tenth most populous settlement in the United Kingdom and the UK's fourteenth largest urban area. It is the largest city in the East Midlands yet has the second largest urban area in the region behind Nottingham Urban Area. Eurostat's Larger Urban Zone listed the population of the area at 772,400 people as of 2004.
Ancient Roman pavements and baths remain in Leicester from its early settlement as Ratae Corieltauvorum, a Roman military outpost in a region inhabited by the Celtic Corieltauvi tribe. Following the demise of Roman society the early medieval Ratae Corieltauvorum is shrouded in obscurity, but when the settlement was captured by the Danes it became one of five fortified towns important to the Danelaw. The name "Leicester" is thought to derive from the words castra of the "Ligore", meaning camp of the dwellers on the (river) Legro. Leicester appears in the Domesday Book as "Ledecestre". Leicester continued to grow throughout the Early Modern period as a market town, although it was the Industrial Revolution that facilitated a process of rapid unplanned urbanisation in the area.
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Limerick
Limerick ( /ˈlɪmrɪk/; Irish: Luimneach [ˈl̪imʲɨnʲəx]) is a city in the Mid-West or Shannon Region of Ireland. It is the fifth most populous city on the island of Ireland and when taking the extra-municipal suburbs into account, Limerick is the third largest urban area in the Republic of Ireland, with a population of 91,454. Limerick is also the second-largest city in the province of Munster, an area that constitutes the midwest and southwest of Ireland. The city is built on several curves and islands of the River Shannon, which spreads into an estuary shortly downriver from Limerick. Road infrastructure features four main crossing points near the city centre (an additional river tunnel to the west of the three bridges opened in July 2010). Limerick is one of the constituent cities of the Cork-Limerick-Galway corridor, which has a population of 1 million.
Luimneach originally referred to the general area along the banks of the Shannon Estuary known as Loch Luimnigh. The earliest settlement in the city, Inis Sibhtonn, was the original name for King's Island during the pre-Viking and Viking eras. This island was also called Inis an Ghaill Duibh, The Dark(haired) Foreigner's Island. The name is recorded in Viking sources as Hlymrekr.
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Lisburn
Coordinates: 54°30′43″N 6°01′52″W / 54.512°N 6.031°W / 54.512; -6.031
Lisburn (Irish: Lios na gCearrbhach) is a city in Northern Ireland. It is situated southwest of Belfast on the River Lagan which forms the boundary between County Antrim and County Down. Lisburn forms part of the Belfast metropolitan area. It had a population of 71,465 people in the 2001 Census and a population density of 243 per km². The wider council area has a growing population of 114,000, making it the second largest council district, after Belfast.
Formerly a borough, Lisburn was granted city status in 2002 as part of Queen Elizabeth II's Golden Jubilee celebrations. It is the third-largest city in Northern Ireland and the sixth-largest on the island of Ireland, though the proposed changes to the status of Tallaght would render it seventh.
The town was originally known as Lisnagarvy (also spelt Lisnagarvey, Lisnegarvey, Lisnegarvy, Lisnegarvagh or Lisnagarvagh) after the townland in which it formed. This is derived from Irish: Lios na gCearrbhach meaning "ringfort of the gamesters/gamblers".
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Liverpool
Liverpool ( /ˈlɪvəpuːl/) is a city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England, along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary. It was founded as a borough in 1207 and was granted city status in 1880. According to the Office for National Statistics, the 2010 mid-year population estimate for Liverpool was 445,200 and was part of a larger urban area of 816,216.
Historically a part of Lancashire, the urbanisation and expansion of Liverpool were both largely brought about by the city's status as a major port. By the 18th century, trade from the West Indies, Ireland and mainland Europe coupled with close links with the Atlantic Slave Trade furthered the economic expansion of Liverpool. By the early 19th century, 40% of the world's trade passed through Liverpool's docks, contributing to Liverpool's rise as a major city.
Inhabitants of Liverpool are referred to as Liverpudlians but are also colloquially known as "Scousers", in reference to the local dish known as "scouse", a form of stew. The word "Scouse" has also become synonymous with the Liverpool accent and dialect. Liverpool's status as a port city has contributed to its diverse population, which, historically, were drawn from a wide range of peoples, cultures, and religions, particularly those from Ireland. The city is also home to the oldest Black African community in the country and the oldest Chinese community in Europe.
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London
Londoni/ˈlʌndən/ is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who named it Londinium. London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
London is a leading global city, with strengths in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism and transport all contributing to its prominence. It is the world's leading financial centre alongside New York City and has the fifth-largest city GDP in the world (and the largest in Europe). London has been described as a world cultural capital. It was the world's most visited city during 2011 and London Heathrow is the world's busiest airport by number of international passengers. London's 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education in Europe. In 2012 London will become the first city to host the modern Summer Olympic Games three times.
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Los Angeles
Los Angeles (i/lɒs ˈændʒələs/ loss-AN-jə-ləs; Spanish: [los ˈaŋxeles], which is written Los Ángeles; British pronounciation /lɒs ˈændʒəliːz/ loss-AN-jə-leez) with a population at the 2010 United States Census of 3,792,621, is the most populous city in the state of California, and the second most populous in the United States, after New York City. It has an area of 468.67 square miles (1,213.8 km2), and is located in Southern California. Often known by its initials L.A., the city is the focal point of the larger Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana metropolitan statistical area and Greater Los Angeles Area region, which contain 12,828,837 and nearly 18 million people respectively as of 2010, making it one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world and the second largest in the United States. Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated and one of the most ethnically diverse counties in the United States, while the entire Los Angeles area itself has been recognized as the most diverse of the nation's largest cities. The city's inhabitants are referred to as "Angelenos".
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Lublin
Coordinates: 51°14′N 22°34′E / 51.233°N 22.567°E / 51.233; 22.567
Lublin [ˈlublʲin] ( listen) (Ukrainian: Люблін, Liublin, Yiddish: לובלין Lublin) is the ninth largest city in Poland, and the second largest city of Lesser Poland. It is the capital of Lublin Voivodeship (province) with a population of 350,392 (June 2009). Lublin is also the largest Polish city east of the Vistula River. Lublin was a candidate for the title of European Capital of Culture in 2016. Lublin is situated around 170 km (105 miles) away from the capital, Warsaw.
The first permanent settlements on the Lublin site were established in the early Middle Ages, though archeological finds indicate a long, earlier presence of various cultures in the general area. The earliest, most significant settlement began in the 6th century, on a hill located in the suburb of Czwartek (in Polish Thursday, most likely in reference to the market day of the settlement). It is likely that the surrounding hills, notably the site of the present day Old Town, were also settled at around this time. In the 10th and 11th centuries the Czwartek settlement developed into an important trade centre. The location of Lublin at the eastern borders of the Polish lands gave it a military significance. The first fortification on the site may have been built as early as the 8th century, possibly on the Castle Hill. Certainly at the end of the 10th century a significant fortification existed there. As the castle grew, the Old Town hill adjacent to it became the main focus of settlement, and the Czwartek settlement declined in relative importance. The castle became the seat of a Castellan, first mentioned in historical sources from 1224, but quite possibly present from the start of the 12th, or even 10th century. The oldest historical document mentioning Lublin dates from 1198, so the name must have come into general use some time earlier.
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Luton
Luton (i/ˈluːtən/ LOOT-ən, local /ˈluːʔən/) is a large town, borough and unitary authority of Bedfordshire, England, 30 miles (50 km) north of London. Luton and its near neighbours, Dunstable and Houghton Regis, form the Luton/Dunstable Urban Area with a population of about 250,000.
Luton is home to Blue Square Premier team Luton Town Football Club, whose history includes several spells in the top flight of the English league as well as a Football League Cup triumph in 1988. They play at Kenilworth Road stadium, which has been their home since 1905.
London Luton Airport, opened in 1938, is one of England's major airports. During the Second World War it doubled as an RAF base.
The University of Bedfordshire is based in the town.
The Luton Carnival, held on the late May bank holiday, is the largest one-day carnival in Europe.
The town was for many years famous for hat-making, and was also home to a large Vauxhall Motors factory; the head office of Vauxhall Motors is still situated in the town. Car production at the plant began in 1905 and continued until 2002, but commercial vehicle production remains.
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Makati
The City of Makati (/məˈkɑːtɪ/ mə-KAH-tee; Filipino: Makati), in the Philippines, is one of the 17 cities that make up Metro Manila, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. Makati is the financial center of the Philippines. As the host of various embassies, it is also an important center for international affairs.
With a population of 510,383, Makati is the 16th largest city in the country and ranked as the 44th most densely populated city in the world with 18,654 inhabitants per km2.
Makati was founded by Spaniard Miguel López de Legazpi, who dismissed Makati as a worthless swamp. According to folklore, Legazpi asked for the name of the place but, because of the language barrier, was misinterpreted by the natives. Pointing to the receding tide of Pasig River, the natives answered, “Makati, kumakati na,” literally meaning ebbing tide.
Makati became the financial center of the Philippines during the 1950s. Makati is home of the Philippine Stock Exchange and the Makati Business Club.
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Malaysia
Malaysia (i/məˈleɪʒə/ mə-LAY-zhə or i/məˈleɪsiə/ mə-LAY-see-ə) is a federal constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia. It consists of thirteen states and three federal territories and has a total landmass of 329,847 square kilometres (127,350 sq mi) separated by the South China Sea into two similarly sized regions, Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo. Land borders are shared with Thailand, Indonesia, and Brunei, and maritime borders exist with Singapore, Vietnam, and the Philippines. The capital city is Kuala Lumpur, while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government. In 2010 the population exceeded 27.5 million, with over 20 million living on the Peninsula.
Malaysia has its origins in the Malay Kingdoms present in the area which, from the 18th century, became subject to the British Empire. The first British territories were known as the Straits Settlements, whose establishment was followed by the Malay kingdoms becoming British protectorates. The territories on Peninsular Malaysia were first unified as the Malayan Union in 1946. Malaya was restructured as the Federation of Malaya in 1948, and achieved independence on 31 August 1957. Malaya united with Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore on 16 September 1963, with si being added to give the new country the name Malaysia. However, less than two years later in 1965, Singapore was expelled from the federation. Since independence, Malaysia has had one of the best economic records in Asia, with GDP growing an average 6.5% for almost 50 years. The economy has traditionally been fuelled by its natural resources, but is expanding in the sectors of science, tourism, commerce and medical tourism.
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Malmö
Malmö (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈmalːˈmøː] ( listen)), in the southernmost province of Scania, is Sweden's third largest city by population after Stockholm and Gothenburg, and is one of the largest cities in Scandinavia.
Malmö is the seat of Malmö Municipality and the capital of Skåne County. The administrative entity for most of the city is Malmö Municipality which has 300,515 inhabitants in eight different localities, with 30% being of foreign origin (either born outside of Sweden or having both parents born abroad). Malmö is also a bimunicipal locality, as part of it is formally situated in Burlöv Municipality. The total population of the urban area was 280,415 in December 2010.
Greater Malmö is one of Sweden's three officially recognized Metropolitan areas (storstadsområden) and since 2005 is defined as the municipality of Malmö and 11 other municipalities in the southwestern corner of Scania. On 30 June 2008, its population was recorded to be 628,388. The region covers an area of 2,535.76 square kilometres (979.06 sq mi). The municipalities included, apart from Malmö, are Burlöv, Eslöv, Höör, Kävlinge, Lomma, Lund, Skurup, Staffanstorp, Svedala, Trelleborg and Vellinge. Lund, with a municipal population of over 100,000 and home to one of Scandinavia's major universities, is together with Malmö the region's economic and education hub.
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Manchester
Coordinates: 53°28′N 2°14′W / 53.467°N 2.233°W / 53.467; -2.233
Manchesteri/ˈmæntʃɛstər/ is a city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England with an estimated population of 498,800 in 2010. Manchester lies within one of the United Kingdom's largest urban areas; the Greater Manchester Urban Area which has a population of 2.2 million. The demonym of Manchester is Mancunian and the local authority is Manchester City Council.
Manchester is situated in the south-central part of North West England, fringed by the Cheshire Plain to the south and the Pennines to the north and east. The recorded history of Manchester began with the civilian settlement associated with the Roman fort of Mamucium, which was established in c. 79 AD on a sandstone bluff near the confluence of the rivers Medlock and Irwell. Historically, most of the city was a part of Lancashire, although areas south of the River Mersey were in Cheshire. Throughout the Middle Ages Manchester remained a manorial township, but it began to expand "at an astonishing rate" around the turn of the 19th century. Manchester's unplanned urbanisation was brought on by a boom in textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution, and resulted in it becoming the world's first industrialised city. An early 19th-century factory building boom transformed Manchester from a township into a major mill town and borough that was granted city status in 1853. In 1894 the Manchester Ship Canal was built, creating the Port of Manchester.
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Mandurah
Coordinates: 32°31′44″S 115°43′23″E / 32.529°S 115.723°E / -32.529; 115.723
Mandurah ( /ˈmændʒʉrɑː/, /ˈmændʒrə/ or /ˈmændʉrə/) is the second-largest city in Western Australia and is located approximately 72 kilometres (45 mi) south of the state capital, Perth.
The city attracts a large number of tourists, including many international visitors.[citation needed] The city centre foreshore is home to a variety of wildlife including dolphins, pelicans, shags, and an abundance of marine life including the blue manna crab which has become synonymous with the area. The city is also known for its protected waterways, beaches and boating and fishing activities.[citation needed]
Mandurah has grown from isolated holiday communities along the shores of the Peel-Harvey Estuary to a major regional city in just over a decade, in a similar vein to the Gold Coast in Eastern Australia, in recent times forming a conurbation with nearby Rockingham and the capital Perth along the coast.
Mandurah has also become a popular lifestyle alternative for Perth retirees and its connection with the Perth CBD has been strengthened with the opening of the Perth-Mandurah railway line in December 2007 and a direct road connection to the Kwinana Freeway built by late 2010. A housing affordability survey of 227 cities in 2008 ranked it the least affordable city in Australia.
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Manitoba
Manitobai/ˌmænəˈtoʊbə/ is a Canadian prairie province. The province, with an area of 649,950 square kilometres (250,900 sq mi), has a largely continental climate because of its flat topography. Agriculture, mostly concentrated in the fertile southern and western parts of the province, is vital to the province's economy; other major industries are transportation, manufacturing, mining, forestry, energy, and tourism.
Manitoba's capital and largest city, Winnipeg, is Canada's eighth-largest Census Metropolitan Area, and home to 60 percent of the population of the province. Winnipeg is the seat of government, home to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba and the highest court in the jurisdiction, the Manitoba Court of Appeal. Four of the province's five universities, all four of its professional sports teams, and most of its cultural activities are located in Winnipeg.
Fur traders first arrived during the late 17th century. Manitoba became a province of Canada in 1870 after the Red River Rebellion. A general strike took place in Winnipeg in 1919, and the province was hit hard by the Great Depression. This led to the creation of what would become the New Democratic Party of Manitoba, one of the province's major political parties and currently in power, led by premier Greg Selinger.
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Masdar City
Masdar City (Arabic: مدينة مصدر, Madīnat Maṣdar, literally Source City) is a project in Abu Dhabi, in the United Arab Emirates. Its core is a planned city, which is being built by the Abu Dhabi Future Energy Company, a subsidiary of Mubadala Development Company, with the majority of seed capital provided by the government of Abu Dhabi. Designed by the British architectural firm Foster and Partners, the city will rely entirely on solar energy and other renewable energy sources, with a sustainable, zero-carbon, zero-waste ecology. The city is being constructed 17 kilometres (11 mi) east-south-east of the city of Abu Dhabi, beside Abu Dhabi International Airport.
Masdar City will host the headquarters of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). The city is designed to be a hub for cleantech companies. Its first tenant is the Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, which has been operating in the city since it moved into its campus in September 2010. The city as a whole was originally intended to be completed by 2016 but that date has now been pushed back to 2025.
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Mashhad
Mashhad (Persian: مشهد) is the second largest city in Iran and one of the holiest cities in the Shia Muslim world. It is also the only major Iranian city with an Arabic name. It is located 850 kilometres (530 mi) east of Tehran, at the center of the Razavi Khorasan Province close to the borders of Afghanistan and Turkmenistan. Its population was 2,427,316 at the 2006 population census. It was a major oasis along the ancient Silk Road connecting with Merv in the East.
Now Mashhad is notably known as the resting place of the Imam Reza. A shrine was later built there to commemorate the Imam, which in turn gave rise to increasing demographic development.
Mashhad is also known as the city of Ferdowsi, the Iranian poet of Shahnameh, which is considered to be the national epic of Iran.
The city is located at 36.20º North latitude and 59.35º East longitude, in the valley of the Kashaf River near Turkmenistan, between the two mountain ranges of Binalood and Hezar-masjed. The city benefits from the proximity of the mountains, having cool winters, pleasant springs, mild summers, and beautiful autumns. It is only about 250 km (160 mi) from Ashgabat, Turkmenistan.
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Massachusetts
Massachusetts (i/ˌmæsəˈtʃuːsɨts/), officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is a U.S. state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. It is bordered by Rhode Island and Connecticut to the south, New York to the west, and Vermont and New Hampshire to the north; at its east lies the Atlantic Ocean. Massachusetts is the 7th least extensive, but the 14th most populous and the 3rd most densely populated of the 50 United States. The state features two separate metropolitan areas – the eastern Boston metropolitan area and the western Springfield metropolitan area. Approximately two thirds of the state's population lives in Greater Boston, most of which is either urban or suburban. Western Massachusetts features one urban area – the Knowledge Corridor along the Connecticut River – and a mix of college towns and rural areas. Massachusetts is the most populous of the six New England states and has the US's sixth highest GDP per capita.
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Mecca
Mecca ( /ˈmɛkə/; Arabic: مكة, Makkah, pronounced [ˈmækːɐ]) is a city in the Hejaz and the capital of Makkah province in Saudi Arabia. The city is located 70 km (43 mi) inland from Jeddah in a narrow valley at a height of 277 m (909 ft) above sea level. Its resident population in 2012 was 2 million, although visitors more than triple this number every year during Hajj period held in the twelfth Muslim lunar month of Dhu al-Hijjah.
As the birthplace of Muhammad and a site of the composition of the Quran, Mecca is regarded as the holiest city in the religion of Islam and a pilgrimage to it known as the Hajj is obligatory upon all able Muslims. The Hijaz was long ruled by Muhammad's descendants, the sharifs, either as independent rulers or as vassals to larger empires. It was absorbed into Saudi Arabia in 1925. In its modern period, Mecca has seen tremendous expansion in size and infrastructure. Because of this Mecca has lost many thousand years old buildings and archaeological sites. Today, more than 15 million Muslims visit Mecca annually, including several million during the few days of the Hajj. As a result, Mecca has become one of the most cosmopolitan and diverse cities in the Muslim world, although non-Muslims remain prohibited from entering the city.
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Melbourne
Melbourne ([ˈmelbən, -bn̩, ˈmæl-],rhotically /ˈmɛlbərn/) is the capital and most populous city in the state of Victoria, and the second most populous city in Australia. The Melbourne City Centre is the hub of the greater metropolitan area and the Census statistical division—of which "Melbourne" is the common name. As of June 2010, the greater geographical area had an approximate population of four million. Inhabitants of Melbourne are called Melburnians or Melbournians.
The metropolis is located on the large natural bay known as Port Phillip, with the city centre positioned at the estuary of the Yarra River (at the northernmost point of the bay). The metropolitan area then extends south from the city centre, along the eastern and western shorelines of Port Phillip, and expands into the hinterland. The city centre is situated in the municipality known as the City of Melbourne, and the metropolitan area consists of a further 30 municipalities.
Melbourne was founded in 1835 (47 years after the European settlement of Australia) by settlers from Launceston in Van Diemen's Land. It was named by governor Richard Bourke in 1837, in honour of the British Prime Minister of the day, William Lamb—the 2nd Viscount Melbourne. Melbourne was officially declared a city by Queen Victoria in 1847. In 1851, it became the capital city of the newly created colony of Victoria. During the Victorian gold rush of the 1850s, it was transformed into one of the world's largest and wealthiest cities. After the federation of Australia in 1901, it then served as the interim seat of government of the newly created nation of Australia until 1927.
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Metro Manila
Metropolitan Manila (Filipino: Kalakhang Maynila, Kamaynilaan), the National Capital Region (NCR) (Filipino: Pambansang Punong Rehiyon), or simply Metro Manila, is the metropolitan region encompassing the City of Manila and its surrounding areas in the Philippines. It is composed of 16 cities, namely City of Manila, Caloocan, Las Piñas, Makati, Malabon, Mandaluyong, Marikina, Muntinlupa, Navotas, Pasay, Pasig, Parañaque, Quezon City, San Juan, Taguig, and Valenzuela, plus the smaller Municipality of Pateros.
The region is the political, economic, social, cultural, and educational center of the Philippines. As proclaimed by Presidential Decree No. 940, Metro Manila as a whole is the Philippines' seat of government but the City of Manila is the capital. The largest city in the metropolis is Quezon City, while the largest business district is the Makati Central Business District.
Metro Manila is the most populous of the twelve defined metropolitan areas in the Philippines and the 11th most populous in the world. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 11,855,975, comprising 13% of the national population. The sum total population of provinces with a provincial density above 700 people per square kilometer (more than double the national average) in a contiguous zone with Metro Manila is 25.5 million people as of the 2007 census, one way to refer to the conurbation around Metro Manila is Greater Manila.
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Mexico City
Mexico City ( /ˈmɛksɨkoʊ ˈsɪti/; Spanish: Ciudad de México [sjuˈðað ðe ˈmexiko], also known as México D.F., or simply D.F.) is the Federal District (Distrito Federal), capital of Mexico and seat of the federal powers of the Mexican Union. It is a federal entity within Mexico which is not part of any one of the 31 Mexican states but belongs to the federation as a whole. Mexico City is the country's largest city as well as its most important political, cultural, educational and financial center.
As an "alpha" global city Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in North America. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de México), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen boroughs.
The 2009 estimated population for the city proper was around 8.84 million people, and has a land area of 1,485 square kilometres (573 sq mi). According to the most recent definition agreed upon by the federal and state governments, the Mexico City metropolitan area population is 21.2 million people, making it the largest metropolitan area in the western hemisphere and the fifth largest agglomeration in the world.
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Milan
Milan (Italian: Milano [miˈlaːno] ( listen); Lombard: [miˈlan]; Latin: Mediolanum) is the second-largest city in Italy and the capital of Lombardy as well as of the province of Milan. The city proper has a population of about 1.3 million, while its urban area is the 5th largest in EU and the largest in Italy with an estimated population of approximately 5 million. The growth of many suburbs and satellite settlements around the city proper, following the Italian economic miracle of 1950s–60s and massive commuting flows, suggest that socioeconomic linkages have expanded well beyond the boundaries of its administrative limits and its agglomeration, creating a region of approximately 9,3 million people. It has been suggested that the Milan metropolitan area is part of the so-called Blue Banana, the area of Europe with the highest population and industrial density. Its health care and education system is considered one of the best of Europe.
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Milton Keynes
Coordinates: 52°02′10″N 0°46′12″W / 52.036°N 0.770°W / 52.036; -0.770
Milton Keynes (i/ˌmɪltən ˈkiːnz/ mil-tən-KEENZ), sometimes abbreviated MK, is a large town in Buckinghamshire, about 45 miles (72 km) south-east of Leicester and 49 miles (79 km) north-west of London. It is the administrative centre of the Borough of Milton Keynes. It was formally designated as a new town on 23 January 1967, with the design brief to become a 'city' in scale.
At designation, its 89 km2 (34 sq mi) area incorporated the existing towns of Bletchley, Wolverton and Stony Stratford along with another fifteen villages and farmland in between. It took its name from the existing village of Milton Keynes, a few miles east of the planned centre.
At the 2001 census the population of the Milton Keynes urban area, including the adjacent Newport Pagnell, was 184,506, and that of the wider borough, which has been a unitary authority independent of Buckinghamshire County Council since 1997, was 207,063 (compared with a population of around 53,000 for the same area in 1961). The Borough’s population in 2009 is estimated to be nearly 241,000, with almost all the increase arising in the urban area.
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Minnesota
Minnesota (i/mɪnɨˈsoʊtə/) is a U.S. state located in the Midwestern United States. Minnesota was carved out of the eastern half of the Minnesota Territory and admitted to the Union as the thirty-second state on May 11, 1858. Known as the "Land of 10,000 Lakes", the state's name comes from a Dakota word for "sky-tinted water". Those waters, together with forests, parks, and wilderness areas, offer residents and tourists a variety of outdoor recreational opportunities.
Minnesota is the 12th most extensive and the 21st most populous of the U.S. states. Nearly 60% of its residents live in the Minneapolis-Saint Paul metropolitan area (known as the "Twin Cities"), the center of transportation, business, industry and education and home to an internationally known arts community. The remainder of the state consists of western prairies now given over to intensive agriculture; deciduous forests in the southeast, now cleared, farmed and settled; and the less populated North Woods, used for mining, forestry, and recreation.
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Minsk
Coordinates: 53°54′N 27°34′E / 53.9°N 27.567°E / 53.9; 27.567
Minsk (Russian: Минск, [mʲinsk]; Belarusian: Мінск, pronounced [minsk]) is the capital and largest city in Belarus, situated on the Svislach and Niamiha rivers. Minsk is also a headquarters of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). As the national capital, Minsk has a special administrative status in Belarus; it is also the administrative centre of Minsk Region (voblast) and Minsk raion (district). It has a population of 1,836,808 inhabitants (2009).
The earliest historic references to Minsk date to the 11th century (1067), when it was noted as a provincial city within the principality of Polotsk. The settlement developed on the rivers. In 1242, Minsk became a part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. It received town privileges in 1499.
From 1569, it was a capital of the Minsk Voivodship in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It was part of a region annexed by the Russian Empire in 1793, as a consequence of the Second Partition of Poland. From 1919–1991, after the Russian Revolution, Minsk was the capital of the Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic within the Soviet Union.
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Moscow
Moscow ( /ˈmɒskaʊ/ or /ˈmɒskoʊ/; Russian: Москва́, tr. Moskva; IPA: [mɐˈskva] ( listen)) is the capital and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural and scientific center of Russia and the continent. Moscow is the northernmost megacity on Earth, the most populous city in Europe, and the 6th largest city proper in the world. Its population, according to the results of the 2010 Census, is 11,503,501. Based on Forbes 2011, Moscow has the largest community of billionaires in the world.
Moscow is situated on the Moskva River in the Central Federal District of European Russia. In the course of its history the city has served as the capital of a progression of states, from the medieval Grand Duchy of Moscow and the subsequent Tsardom of Russia to the Soviet Union. Moscow is the site of the Moscow Kremlin, an ancient fortress that is today the residence of the Russian President and of the executive branch of the Government of Russia. The Kremlin is also one of several World Heritage Sites in the city. Both chambers of the Russian parliament (the State Duma and the Federation Council) also sit in Moscow.
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Multan
Multan (Saraiki, Punjabi, Urdu: : مُلتان pronunciation (help·info)), is a city in the Punjab province of Pakistan.According to area its 3rd largest city of Pakistan,but according to population its on 5th number. It is located in the southern part of the province on the east bank of the Chenab River, more or less in the geographic centre of the country and about 562 km (349 mi) from Islamabad, 356 km (221 mi) from Lahore and 966 km (600 mi) from Karachi. Multan District has a population of 3.1 million (1998).
Multan is known as the City of Sufis or City of Saints and Madinah-Tul-Awleyah due to the large number of shrines and Sufi saints from the city. According to area its 3rd largest city of Pakistan,but according to population its on 3rd number. The city is full of bazaars, mosques, shrines and ornate tombs. Multan is also the birthplace of Fariduddin Ganjshakar popularly known as Baba Farid who is considered a father of Punjabi language and one of the pioneers in developing Shahmukhī script of Punjabi language which was later adopted by almost all Muslim saints and intellectuals in Punjab region and even in whole of India. Celebrated sufi saint of Punjab and North India Khwaja Ghulam Farid also adopted Shahmukhī script of Punjabi language to convey his teachings.Multan is located in a bend created by five rivers of central Pakistan. The Sutlej River separates it from Bahawalpur and the Chenab River from Muzaffar Garh. The city has grown to become an influential political and economical center for the country, with a dry port and excellent transport links. Multan is famous for its crops: wheat, cotton and sugar cane as well as mangoes, citrus, guavas and pomegranates.
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Naples
Coordinates: 40°50′42″N 14°15′30″E / 40.845°N 14.25833°E / 40.845; 14.25833
Naples (Italian: Napoli [ˈnaːpoli] ( listen), Neapolitan: Napule; Latin: Neapolis; Ancient Greek: Νεάπολις, meaning "new city") is the capital of Campania and the third-largest city in Italy, after Rome and Milan. As of 2012[update], around 960,000 people live within the city's administrative limits. The wider Naples urban area, covering 777 km2 (300 sq mi), has a population of over 3 million, and is the 10th-most populous urban area in the European Union. Between 4.1 and 4.4 million people live in the overall Naples metropolitan area, one of the largest European cities on the Mediterranean Sea.
Naples is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. Greek settlements were established on the island of Megaride in the Gulf of Naples as early as the 9th century BC. A larger mainland colony – initially known as Parthenope (Παρθενόπη) – developed around the 7th century BC, and was refounded as Neápolis (Νεάπολις) in the 5th century BC. Naples became a lynchpin of Magna Graecia and played a key role in the merging of Greek culture into Roman society, eventually becoming a cultural centre of the Roman Republic. Naples remained influential after the fall of the Western Roman Empire, serving as the capital city of the Kingdom of Naples between 1282 and 1816. Thereafter, in union with Sicily, it became the capital of the Two Sicilies until the unification of Italy in 1861. During the Neapolitan War of 1815, Naples strongly promoted Italian unification.
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Nebraska
Nebraska (i/nəˈbræskə/) is a state on the Great Plains of the Midwestern United States. Its state capital is Lincoln and its largest city is Omaha, on the Missouri River.
The state is crossed by many historic trails, but it was the California Gold Rush that first brought large numbers here, and it became a state in 1867. Certain landmarks still compete for the notional distinction 'Where the West Begins'.
There are wide variations between winter and summer temperatures, and violent thunderstorms and tornadoes are common. The state is characterized by treeless prairie, ideal for cattle-grazing, and it is a major producer of beef, as well as pork, maize and soybeans. Nebraska is overwhelmingly rural, as the 8th least-densely populated state of the United States.
Ethnically, the largest group are German-Americans, and the state has the biggest Czech-American population per head. During the Great Migration, many African Americans came to Omaha, and they continue to campaign for improved conditions. More recently, Native American activism has increased, with a drive for self-determination in a climate of co-operation with state officials on regional issues. It is traditionally a Republican-voting state.
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Netherlands
The Netherlands (i/ˈnɛðərləndz/; Dutch: Nederland [ˈneːdə(r)lɑnt] or [ˈneɪ̯də(r)lɑnt] ( listen); West Frisian: Nederlân; Papiamento: Hulanda) is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with some islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders with Belgium, Germany and the United Kingdom. It is a parliamentary democracy organised as a unitary state. The country capital is Amsterdam and the seat of government is The Hague. The Netherlands in its entirety is often referred to as Holland, although North and South Holland are actually only two of its twelve provinces (a case of pars pro toto; see terminology of "the Netherlands").
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New Brunswick
New Brunswick (French: Nouveau-Brunswick; pronounced: [nuˈvo bʁɔnˈzwik]) is one of Canada's three Maritime provinces and is the only province in the federation that is constitutionally bilingual (English–French).Fredericton is the capital and Saint John is the most populous city. Greater Moncton is the province's largest Census Metropolitan Area. Through the 2011 nation wide census, Statistics Canada estimates the provincial population in 2011 to have been 751,171; a majority of the population is English-speaking, but there is also a large Francophone minority (33%), chiefly of Acadian origin.
The province's name comes from the English and French partial transcription of the city of Brunswick (Braunschweig in German) located in modern day Lower Saxony, northern Germany (and former duchy of the same name), the ancestral home of the Hanoverian George III of the United Kingdom.
New Brunswick is bounded by: on the north by Quebec's Gaspé Peninsula and Chaleur Bay; along the east coast by the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and Northumberland Strait; in the southeast corner the narrow Isthmus of Chignecto connects New Brunswick to the Nova Scotia peninsula; in the south by the Bay of Fundy coast, (which with a rise of 16 m (52 ft), has amongst the highest tides in the world); and in the west by the US state of Maine.
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New England
New England is a region in the northeastern corner of the United States consisting of the six states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. New England is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean, Canada (the Canadian Maritimes and Quebec) and the state of New York.
In one of the earliest English settlements in North America, Pilgrims from England first settled in New England in 1620, to form Plymouth Colony. Ten years later, the Puritans settled north of Plymouth Colony in Boston, thus forming Massachusetts Bay Colony. Over the next 130 years, New England fought in four French and Indian Wars, until the British defeated the French and their native allies in North America. In the late 18th century, the New England Colonies initiated the resistance to the British Parliament's efforts to impose new taxes without the consent of the colonists. The Boston Tea Party was a protest that angered Great Britain, which responded with the "Intolerable Acts", stripping the colonies of self-government. The confrontation led to open warfare in 1775, the expulsion of the British from New England in spring 1776, and the Declaration of Independence in July 1776.
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New South Wales
Coordinates: 32°0′S 147°0′E / 32°S 147°E / -32; 147
New South Wales (abbreviated as NSW) is a state of Australia, located in the east of the country. It is bordered by Queensland, Victoria and South Australia to the north, south and west respectively. To the east, the state is bordered by the Tasman Sea, which forms part of the Pacific Ocean. New South Wales encompasses the whole of the Australian Capital Territory. The state capital is Sydney, which is also the state's most populous city. As of June 2010[update], the estimated population was 7,238,819, which was 34.5% of the population of Australia, making it Australia's most populous state. Inhabitants of New South Wales are referred to as New South Welshmen.
The colony of New South Wales was founded in 1788 and originally comprised much of the Australian mainland, as well as Van Diemen's Land, Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island, in addition to the area currently referred to as the state of New South Wales, which was formed during Federation in 1901. New Zealand briefly became a part of New South Wales when it was annexed by Britain in 1840. During the 19th century, large areas were successively separated to form the British colonies of Tasmania (established as a separate colony named Van Diemen's Land in 1825), South Australia (1836), Victoria (1851) and Queensland (1859).
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New York City
New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. The city is referred to as New York City or The City of New York to distinguish it from the State of New York, of which it is a part. As a global power city, New York exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment. The home of the United Nations Headquarters, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural capital of the world.
Located on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which comprises a state county. The five boroughs—The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island—were consolidated into a single city in 1898. With a Census-estimated 2011 population of 8,244,910 distributed over a land area of just 305 square miles (790 km2), New York is the most densely populated major city in the United States. As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world. The New York City Metropolitan Area's population is the United States' largest, with 18.9 million people distributed over 6,720 square miles (17,400 km2), and is also part of the most populous combined statistical area in the United States, containing 22.1 million people as of the 2010 Census.
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Newport
Newport (Welsh: Casnewydd) is a city and unitary authority in south east Wales. It is located on the River Usk close to its confluence with the Severn estuary, about 12 miles (19 km) east of Cardiff. It is the third largest city in Wales, with a population of 141,300 (2007 estimate).
Newport has been a port since medieval times, when a castle was built by the Normans. The town outgrew the earlier Roman town of Caerleon, immediately upstream, and gained its first charter in 1314. It grew significantly in the 19th century, when its port became the focus of coal exports from the eastern valleys of South Wales. Until the rise of Cardiff from the 1850s, Newport was Wales' largest coal-exporting port. It was the site of the last large-scale armed insurrection in Britain, the Newport Rising of 1839 led by the Chartists.
During the 20th century, the docks declined in importance, but Newport remained an important manufacturing and engineering centre. It was granted city status in 2002. It is the home of the University of Wales, Newport, and the Newport Gwent Dragons rugby union regional team, and hosted the Ryder Cup in 2010.
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Newry
Coordinates: 54°10′34″N 6°20′56″W / 54.176°N 6.349°W / 54.176; -6.349
Newry (IPA: [ˈnjʊərɪ], from Irish: An Iúraigh) is a city in Northern Ireland. The River Clanrye, which runs through the city, forms the historic border between County Armagh and County Down. It is 34 miles (55 km) from Belfast and 67 miles (108 km) from Dublin. Newry (together with Bessbrook) had a population of 27,433 at the 2001 Census, while Newry and Mourne Council Area had a population of 87,058. Newry was founded in 1144 alongside a Cistercian monastery and is one of Northern Ireland's oldest towns.
The city of Newry is one of the constituent cities of the Dublin-Belfast corridor and sits at the entry to the "Gap of the North", close to the border with the Republic of Ireland. It grew as a market town and a garrison and became a port in 1742 when it was linked to Lough Neagh by the first summit-level canal in Britain or Ireland. In March 2002, as part of Queen Elizabeth's Golden Jubilee celebrations, Newry was granted city status alongside Lisburn. Despite being the fourth largest city in Northern Ireland, however, it is not the fourth largest settlement. Newry has long been an important centre of trade because of its position between Belfast and Dublin.
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North Dakota
North Dakota (i/ˌnɔrθ dəˈkoʊtə/) is a state located in the Midwestern region of the United States, along the Canadian border. The state is bordered by Manitoba and Saskatchewan to the north, Minnesota to the east, South Dakota to the south and Montana to the west. North Dakota is the 19th most extensive, but the 3rd least populous and the 4th least densely populated of the 50 United States. North Dakota was created from the northern portion of the Dakota Territory and admitted to the Union on November 2, 1889, simultaneously with South Dakota.
The state capital is Bismarck and the largest city is Fargo. The primary public universities are located in Grand Forks and Fargo. The U.S. Air Force operates air bases at Minot AFB and Grand Forks AFB.
For more than a decade, the state has had a strong economy, with unemployment lower than the national average, job and population growth, and low housing vacancies. Much of the growth has been based on development of the Bakken oil shale fields in the western part of the state, but it has also had growth in the technology and service sectors. Flooding in June 2011 has caused extensive damage to Minot and threatened Bismarck, the capital city.
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Northampton
Northamptoni/nɔrˈθæmptən/ is a large market town and local government district in the East Midlands region of England. Situated about 67 miles (108 km) north-west of London and around 50 miles (80 km) south-east of Birmingham, Northampton lies on the River Nene and is the county town of Northamptonshire. The demonym of Northampton is Northamptonian.
Original settlements in Northampton date back to the 6th century. Its modern development is largely due to its rapid population increase since the 1960s after a planned expansion occurred under the New Towns Commission in the early 1970s. In 2001, its urban area population was 197,199 while its town population was 189,474, making Northampton the 27th largest settlement in England, and the UK's 3rd largest town without official city status after Reading and Dudley. Northampton is the most populous district in England that is not a unitary authority, a status it failed to obtain in the 1990s local government reform.
Northampton has a history of the manufacture of boots and shoes yet engineering has taken over as a modern key industry; other industries include food processing, brewing, and the manufacture of shoe machinery, cosmetics, leather goods, and car accessories. At present, the major employers are public administration, financial services, and the distribution trade.
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Norway
Norwayi/ˈnɔrweɪ/ (Norwegian: Norge (Bokmål) or Noreg (Nynorsk)), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and the subantarctic Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of 385,252 square kilometres (148,747 sq mi) and a population of about 5 million. It is the second least densely populated country in Europe. The majority of the country shares a border to the east with Sweden; its northernmost region is bordered by Finland to the south and Russia to the east; in its south Norway borders the Skagerrak Strait across from Denmark. The capital city of Norway is Oslo. Norway's extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea, is home to its famous fjords.
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Nova Scotia
Coordinates: 45°13′N 62°42′W / 45.217°N 62.7°W / 45.217; -62.7 (Nova Scotia)
Nova Scotia (pronounced /ˌnoʊvə ˈskoʊʃə/; French: Nouvelle-Écosse; Scottish Gaelic: Alba Nuadh) is one of Canada's three Maritime provinces and is the most populous province of the four in Atlantic Canada. Located almost exactly halfway between the Equator and the North Pole (44º 39' N Longitude), its provincial capital is Halifax. Nova Scotia is the second-smallest province in Canada with an area of 55,284 square kilometres (21,300 sq mi), including Cape Breton and some 3,800 coastal islands. As of 2011, the population was 921,727, making Nova Scotia the second-most-densely populated province in Canada.
Nova Scotia was already home to the Mi'kmaq people when French colonists established Port Royal, Nova Scotia, the first permanent European settlement in North America north of Florida in 1605. Almost one hundred and fifty years later, the first English and German settlers arrived with the founding of Halifax (1749). The first Scottish migration was on the Hector (1773) and then the first Black migration happened after the American Revolution (1783). Despite the diversity of the cultural heritage of Nova Scotia, much of the twentieth-century tourism efforts focused primarily on all things Scottish. Many recent tourism efforts embrace and showcase Nova Scotia's diversity.
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Novosibirsk
Novosibirsk (Russian: Новосибирск; IPA: [nəvəsʲɪˈbʲirsk]) is the third most populous city in Russia after Moscow and Saint Petersburg and the most populous city of Asian Russia, with a population of 1,473,737 (2010 Census preliminary results). It is the administrative center of Novosibirsk Oblast as well as of Siberian Federal District. The city is located in the south-western part of Siberia at the banks of the Ob River and occupies an area of 477.2 square kilometers (184.2 sq mi).
Novosibirsk was founded in 1893 at the future site of a Trans-Siberian Railway bridge crossing the great Siberian river of Ob and was named Novonikolayevsk (Новониколаевск), in honor of both Saint Nicholas and the reigning Tsar Nicholas II. The bridge was completed in the spring of 1897, making the new settlement the regional transport hub. The importance of the city further increased with the completion of the Turkestan-Siberia Railway in the early 20th century. The new railway connected Novosibirsk to Central Asia and the Caspian Sea.
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Ohio
Ohio (i/oʊˈhaɪ.oʊ/) is a state in the Midwestern United States. Ohio is the 34th most extensive, the 7th most populous, and the 10th most densely populated of the 50 United States. The state's capital and largest city is Columbus.
The name "Ohio" originated from Iroquois word ohi-yo’, meaning "great river". The state, originally partitioned from the Northwest Territory, was admitted to the Union as the 17th state (and the first under the Northwest Ordinance) on March 1, 1803. Although there are conflicting narratives regarding the origin of the nickname, Ohio is historically known as the "Buckeye State" (relating to the Ohio buckeye tree) and Ohioans are also known as "Buckeyes".
The government of Ohio is composed of the executive branch, led by the Governor; the legislative branch, which comprises the Ohio General Assembly; and the judicial branch, which is led by the Supreme Court. Currently, Ohio occupies 18 seats in the United States House of Representatives. Ohio is known for its status as both a swing state and a bellwether in national elections.
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Omsk
Omsk (Russian: Омск) is a city and the administrative center of Omsk Oblast, Russia, located in southwestern Siberia 2,236 kilometers (1,389 mi) from Moscow. With a population of over 1.1 million, it is Russia's second-largest city east of the Ural Mountains after Novosibirsk, and seventh by size nationally.
During the Imperial era, Omsk was the seat of the Governor General of Western Siberia, and later of the Governor General of the Steppes. For a brief period during the Russian Civil War in 1918–1920, it served as the capital of the anti-Bolshevik Russian State and held the imperial gold reserves.
Omsk is the administrative center of the Siberian Cossack Host. It also serves as the see of the bishop of Omsk and Tara, as well as the administrative seat of the Imam of Siberia.
Omsk stretches along on the banks of the north-flowing Irtysh at its confluence with the smaller Om River. The city has an elevation of 87 meters (285 ft) above mean sea level at its highest point.
Omsk is an important railroad hub, and is the junction point for the northern and southern branches of the Trans-Siberian Railway. The city also serves as a major hub for the regional highway network. River-port facilities handle both passengers and freight, giving the city access to the extensive navigable waterways of the Irtysh and Ob River;. The waterways connect Omsk with the coal and mineral-mining towns further up the river in Kazakhstan, as well as with the oil, natural gas and lumber operations of northern Siberia. Omsk is served by the Tsentralny Airport, which offers access to domestic and international (primarily, German and Kazakh) destinations, making the city an important aviation hub for Siberia and the Russian Far East.
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Ontario
Ontario /ɒnˈtɛərioʊ/ is one of the provinces of Canada, located in east-central Canada. It is Canada's most populous province or territory and fourth largest in total area. It is home to the nation's most populous city, Toronto, and the nation's capital, Ottawa.
Ontario is bordered by the province of Manitoba to the west, Hudson Bay to the north, Quebec to the east, and to the south by the U.S. states of Minnesota, Michigan (portions to the west), New York (portions to the east), Ohio and Pennsylvania. All but a small part of Ontario's 2,700 km (1,677 mi) border with the United States follow inland waterways: from the west at Lake of the Woods, eastward along the major rivers and lakes of the Great Lakes/St. Lawrence River drainage system. These are the Rainy River, the Pigeon River, Lake Superior, the St. Mary's River, Lake Huron, the St. Clair River, Lake St. Clair, the Detroit River, Lake Erie, the Niagara River, Lake Ontario, and along the St. Lawrence River from Kingston, Ontario to the Quebec boundary just east of Cornwall, Ontario.
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Oregon
Oregon (i/ˈɔrɨɡən/ ORR-ə-gən) is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It is located on the Pacific coast, with Washington to the north, California to the south, Nevada on the southeast and Idaho to the east. The Columbia and Snake rivers delineate much of Oregon's northern and eastern boundaries, respectively. The area was inhabited by many indigenous tribes before the arrival of traders, explorers, and settlers who formed an autonomous government in Oregon Country in 1843. The Oregon Territory was created in 1848, and Oregon became the 33rd state on February 14, 1859.
Oregon is the 9th most extensive and the 27th most populous of the 50 United States. Salem is the state's capital and third-most-populous city; Portland is the most populous. Portland is the 29th-largest U.S. city, with a population of 583,776 (2010 US Census) and a metro population of 2,241,841 (2009 estimate), the 23rd-largest U.S. metro area. The valley of the Willamette River in western Oregon is the state's most densely populated area and is home to eight of the ten most populous cities.
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Oslo
Oslo (English pronunciation: /ˈɒzloʊ/, OZ-loh,Norwegian pronunciation: [²ʊʃlʊ] ( listen) or [²ʊslʊ]) is the capital of and most populous city in Norway. Founded around 1048 by King Harald III, the city was elevated to a bishopric in 1070 and a capital under Haakon V around 1300. Personal unions with Denmark from 1397 to 1523 and again from 1536 to 1814 and with Sweden from 1814 to 1905 reduced its influence. After being destroyed by a fire in 1624, the city was moved closer to Akershus Castle during the reign of King Christian IV and renamed Christiania in his honour. It was established as a municipality (formannskapsdistrikt) on 1 January 1838. Following a spelling reform, it was known as Kristiania from 1877 to 1925, when its original Norwegian name was restored.
Oslo is the economic and governmental centre of Norway. The city is also a hub of Norwegian trade, banking, industry and shipping. It is an important centre for maritime industries and maritime trade in Europe. The city is home to many companies within the maritime sector, some of which are amongst the world's largest shipping companies, shipbrokers and maritime insurance brokers. Oslo is a pilot city of the Council of Europe and the European Commission intercultural cities programme.
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Pakistan
Pakistan (i/ˈpækɨstæn/ or i/pɑːkiˈstɑːn/; Urdu: پاکستان) (Urdu pronunciation: [paːkɪˈst̪aːn] ( listen)), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (Urdu: اسلامی جمہوریۂ پاکستان), is a sovereign country in South Asia. It sits at the crossroads of the strategically important regions of South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. It has a 1,046-kilometre (650 mi) coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west and north, Iran to the southwest and China in the far northeast. It is separated from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's narrow Wakhan Corridor in the north, and it shares a marine border with Oman.
The territory of modern Pakistan was the site of several ancient cultures, including the Neolithic Mehrgarh and the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation, and has undergone invasions or settlements by Hindu, Persian, Indo-Greek, Islamic, Turco-Mongol, Afghan and Sikh cultures. Thus the area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Indian Mauryan Empire, the Persian Achaemenid Empire, the Arab Umayyad Caliphate, the Mongol Empire, the Mughal Empire, the Durrani Empire, the Sikh Empire and the British Empire. As a result of the Pakistan Movement led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and India's struggle for independence, Pakistan was created in 1947 as an independent nation for Muslims from the regions in the east and west of India where there was a Muslim majority. Initially a dominion, Pakistan adopted a new constitution in 1956, becoming an Islamic republic. A civil war in 1971 resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh.
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Paris
Coordinates: 48°51′24″N 2°21′03″E / 48.8567°N 2.3508°E / 48.8567; 2.3508
Paris (i/ˈpærɨs/; French: [paʁi] ( listen)) is the capital and largest city of France. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region (or Paris Region, French: Région parisienne). As of January 2008 the city of Paris, within its administrative limits (the 20 arrondissements) largely unchanged since 1860, has an estimated population of 2,211,297 and a metropolitan population of 12,089,098, and is one of the most populated metropolitan areas in Europe. Paris was the largest city in the Western world for about 1,000 years, prior to the 19th century, and the largest in the entire world between the 16th and 19th centuries.
Paris is today one of the world's leading business and cultural centres, and its influences in politics, education, entertainment, media, fashion, science, and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the world's major global cities. It hosts the headquarters of many international organizations such as UNESCO, the OECD, the International Chamber of Commerce or the European Space Agency. Paris is considered one of the greenest and most liveable cities in Europe. It is also one of the most expensive.
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Pataliputra
Pāṭaliputra (Devanagari: पाटलिपुत्र), modern-day Patna, was a city in ancient India, originally built by Ajatashatru in 490 BC as a small fort (Pāṭaligrama) near the River Ganges, and later the capital of the ancient Mahājanapadas kingdom of Magadha. Its key central location in north central India led rulers of successive dynasties to base their administrative capital here, from the Nandas, Mauryans, Sungas and the Guptas down to the Palas. In the Lord Buddha's day it was a village known as Pataligrama. He visited it shortly before his death and prophesied it would be great but would face destruction either by fire, water, or civil war.[citation needed] Two important councils were held here, the first at the death of the Buddha and the second in the reign of Asoka. During the reign of Emperor Asoka in the 3rd century BCE, it was one of the world's largest cities, with a population of 150,000-300,000.[citation needed] Pataliputra reached the pinnacle of prosperity when it was the capital of the great Mauryan Emperors, Chandragupta Maurya and Ashoka the Great. The city prospered under the Mauryas and a Greek ambassador Megasthenes resided there and left a detailed account of its splendour. The city also became a flourishing Buddhist centre boasting a number of important monasteries. It remained the capital of the Gupta dynasty (3rd–6th centuries CE) and the Pala Dynasty (8th-12th centuries CE). The city was largely in ruins when visited by Hsüan-tsang, and suffered further damage at the hands of Muslim raiders in the 12th century. Afterwards Sher Shah Suri made Pataliputra his capital and changed the name to modern Patna.
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Patna
Paṭnā /ˈpʌtnə/ ( Hindi pronunciation (help·info)) is the capital of the Indian state of Bihar and the second most populous city in Eastern India. Patna is one of the oldest continuously inhabited places in the world.Ancient Patna, known as Pataliputra, was the capital of the Magadha Empire under the Haryanka, Nanda, Mauryan, Sunga, Gupta, Pala and during the Islamic period the seat of power for the Suri dynasty.
Pataliputra was also a seat of learning and fine arts. Its population during the Maurya period (around 300 BCE) was about 400,000.
The modern city of Patna is situated on the southern bank of the Ganges. The city also straddles the rivers Sone, Gandak and Punpun. The city is approximately 35 km long and 16 km to 18 km wide.
In June 2009, the World Bank ranked Patna in second place in India, after Delhi, in terms of the ease of starting a business. As at 2004-2005, Patna had the highest per capita gross district domestic product in Bihar, at Rs31,441. On the basis of,assumed average annual growth,Patna has been ranked as 21st fastest growing city in the world and 5th fastest growing city in India by City Mayors Foundation.Patna registered average annual growth of 3.72%,for the period of 2006-2010.
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Peru
Perui/pəˈruː/ (Spanish: Perú; Quechua: Perú;Aymara: Piruw), officially the Republic of Peru (Spanish: República del Perú, pronounced: [reˈpuβlika ðel peˈɾu] ( listen)), is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean.
Peruvian territory was home to ancient cultures, spanning from the Norte Chico civilization, one of the oldest in the world, to the Inca Empire, the largest state in Pre-Columbian America. The Spanish Empire conquered the region in the 16th century and established a Viceroyalty, which included most of its South American colonies. After achieving independence in 1821, Peru has undergone periods of political unrest and fiscal crisis as well as periods of stability and economic upswing.
Peru is a representative democratic republic divided into 25 regions. Its geography varies from the arid plains of the Pacific coast to the peaks of the Andes Mountains and the tropical forests of the Amazon Basin. It is a developing country with a high Human Development Index score and a poverty level around 31%. Its main economic activities include agriculture, fishing, mining, and manufacturing of products such as textiles.
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Peshawar
Peshawar (Pashto: پېښور Pēx̌awar; Hindko: پيشور Pishōr; Urdu: پشاور Pishāwar; Persian: پیشاور P īshāwar; pronunciation (help·info)) is the capital of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa (formerly known as NWFP), and the administrative centre and central economic hub for the Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan. Peshawar is situated in a large valley near the eastern end of the Khyber Pass. Known as "City on the Frontier", Peshawar's strategic location on the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia has made it one of the most culturally vibrant and lively cities in the greater region. Peshawar is irrigated by various canals of the Kabul River and by its right tributary, the Bara River.
Peshawar has evolved into one of Pakistan's most ethnically and linguistically diverse cities. In the last three decades, there has been a significant increase in urban population, in part due to internal migration of people in search of better employment opportunities, education, and services, and in part because of the influx of Afghan refugees and other people displaced by military operations and civil unrest in neighboring regions. Peshawar is the major educational, political and business center of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
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Philadelphia
Philadelphia ( /ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə/) is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the county seat of Philadelphia County, with which it is coterminous. The city is located in the Northeastern United States along the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers. It is the fifth-most-populous city in the United States, with a population of 1,526,006 as of the 2010 U.S. Census. Philadelphia is also the commercial, cultural, and educational center of the Delaware Valley, home to 6 million people and the country's fifth-largest metropolitan area. The Philadelphia metropolitan division consists of five counties in Pennsylvania and has a population of 4,008,994. Popular nicknames for Philadelphia are Philly and The City of Brotherly Love, the latter of which comes from the literal meaning of the city's name in Greek (Greek: Φιλαδέλφεια ([pʰilaˈdelpʰeːa], Modern Greek: [filaˈðelfia]) "brotherly love", compounded from philos (φίλος) "loving", and adelphos (ἀδελφός) "brother").
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Philippines
The Philippinesi/ˈfɪlɨpiːnz/ FI-lə-peenz (Filipino: Pilipinas [ˌpɪlɪˈpinɐs]), officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (Filipino: Republika ng Pilipinas) is a sovereign country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam. The Sulu Sea to the southwest lies between the country and the island of Borneo, and to the south the Celebes Sea separates it from other islands of Indonesia. It is bounded on the east by the Philippine Sea. Its location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and its tropical climate make the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons but have also endowed the country with natural resources and made it one of the richest areas of biodiversity in the world. An archipelago comprising 7,107 islands, the Philippines is categorized broadly into three main geographical divisions: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Its capital city is Manila.
With an estimated population of about 98 million people, the Philippines is the 7th most populated Asian country and the 12th most populated country in the world. An additional 12.5 million Filipinos live overseas. Multiple ethnicities and cultures are found throughout the islands. In prehistoric times, Negritos were some of the archipelago's earliest inhabitants. They were followed by successive waves of Austronesian peoples who brought with them influences from Malay, Hindu, and Islamic societies. Trade introduced Chinese cultural influences which remain to this day.
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Plovdiv
Plovdiv (Bulgarian: Пловдив) is the second-largest city in Bulgaria after the capital Sofia with a population of 338,153 inhabitants as of February, 2011. It is administrative center of Plovdiv Province and the municipalities of City of Plovdiv, Maritsa municipality and Rodopi municipality, which municipal body has a population of 403,153 inhabitants as of February, 2011. It is an important economic, transport, cultural and educational center, as well as the second-largest city in the historical international region of Thrace after Istanbul. It is the tenth-largest city in the Balkans after Istanbul, Athens, Bucharest, Sofia, Thessaloniki, Zagreb, Skopje and Tirana.
Plovdiv's history spans 6,000 years, with traces of a Neolithic settlement dating to roughly 4000 BC and some rank it as Europe's oldest city. Plovdiv is known in the West for most of its history by the Greek name Philippopolis, which was created in 340 BC. Plovdiv was originally a Thracian city before later becoming a Greek and a major Roman one. In the Middle Ages, it retained its strategic regional importance, changing hands between the Byzantine and Bulgarian Empires. It came under Ottoman rule in the 14th century. In 4 January, 1878, Plovdiv was liberated from Ottoman rule by the Russian army and was within the borders of Bulgaria until July, the same year, when it became the capital of an autonomous Ottoman region of Eastern Rumelia. In 1885, it and Eastern Rumelia itself became part of Bulgaria.
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Poland
Polandi/ˈpoʊlənd/ (Polish: Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Polish: Rzeczpospolita Polska; Kashubian: Pòlskô Repùblika; Silesian: Polsko Republika), is a country in Central Europe, bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north. The total area of Poland is 312,679 square kilometres (120,726 sq mi), making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. Poland has a population of over 38 million people, which makes it the 34th most populous country in the world and the sixth most populous member of the European Union, being its most populous post-communist member. Poland is a unitary state made up of 16 voivodeships. Poland is a member of the European Union, NATO, the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), European Economic Area, International Energy Agency, Council of Europe, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, International Atomic Energy Agency, G6, Council of the Baltic Sea States, Visegrád Group, Weimar Triangle and Schengen Agreement.
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Portugal
Portugali/ˈpɔrtʃʉɡəl/ (Portuguese: Portugal, IPA: [puɾtuˈɣaɫ]), officially the Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: República Portuguesa) is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula . Portugal is the westernmost country of mainland Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira are part of Portugal. The country is named after its second largest city, Porto, whose Latin name was Portus Cale.
The land within the borders of the current Portuguese Republic has been continuously settled since prehistoric times: occupied by Celts like the Gallaeci and the Lusitanians, integrated into the Roman Republic and later settled by Germanic peoples such as the Suebi, Swabians, Vandals and the Visigoths. In the 8th century most of the Iberian Peninsula was conquered by Moorish invaders professing Islam, which were later expelled by the Knights Templar under the Order of Christ. During the Christian Reconquista, Portugal established itself as an independent kingdom from León in 1139, claiming to be the oldest European nation state.
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Poznań
Poznań [ˈpɔznaɲ] ( listen) (Latin: Posnania; German: Posen; Yiddish: פוזנא or פּױזן Poyzn) is a city on the Warta river in west-central Poland, with a population of 556,022 in June 2009. It is among the oldest cities in Poland, and was one of the most important centres in the early Polish state, whose first rulers were buried at Poznań's cathedral. It is sometimes claimed to be the first capital of the kingdom of Poland.
Poznań is now Poland's fifth largest city. It is the historical capital of the Wielkopolska ("Greater Poland") region, and is currently the administrative capital of the province called Greater Poland Voivodeship.
Poznań is an important centre of trade, industry, and education, and hosts regular international trade fairs. It was the host city for the United Nations Climate Change Conference in December 2008, a key stage in the creation of a successor to the Kyoto Protocol. Poznań was a candidate city for European Capital of Culture in 2016. Poznań is currently bidding to host the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics. The local football team has been responsible for the spread of the eponymous goal celebration to Manchester City and to a lesser extent throughout the United Kingdom. Poznań is one of the host cities for UEFA Euro 2012.
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Pravets
Pravets (Bulgarian: Правец, also transliterated as Pravetz or Pravec) is a town in central western Bulgaria, located approximately 60 km from the capital Sofia.
Pravets has a population of 4,512 people. Mountains surround it, which allows for a mild climate with rare winds. In the outskirts there is a small lake used for fishing and recreation. Most Bulgarians associate the town with its (now closed) computer manufacturing plant and with the birthplace of Bulgaria's last communist president, Todor Zhivkov.The first microprocessor factory in Bulgaria was situated in Pravets. These computers, which were also the first in Bulgaria, were named Pravets-82 and had yellow and black keyboards.
Today, the town is famous for its City University campus and two prestigious high schools. The first one is a language high school by the name of Aleko Konstantinov (see link to the school's website below). It prepares many students who continue their undergraduate education in Bulgaria, USA, Germany, and France. The second high school is one of two technical schools, which prepares students for the Technical University in Sofia, Bulgaria. It allows for direct admission to the University to its top students. The Bulgarian branch of City University of Seattle (based in Bellevue, Washington, U.S.) is located in Pravets, where it offers an accredited BSBA degree to Bulgarian students. During the school year, the town is filled with students from different towns and cities, which contributes to the energetic atmosphere of Pravets.
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Priene
Priene (Ancient Greek: Πριήνη, Priēnē) was an ancient Greek city of Ionia (and member of the Ionian League) at the base of an escarpment of Mycale, about 6 kilometres (4 mi) north of the then course of the Maeander (now called the Büyük Menderes or "Big Maeander") River, 67 kilometres (42 mi) from today's Aydin, 15 kilometres (9 mi) from today's Söke and 25 kilometres (16 mi) from ancient Miletus. It was formerly on the sea coast, built overlooking the ocean on steep slopes and terraces extending from sea level to a height of 380 metres (1,250 ft) above sea level at the top of the escarpment. Today, after several centuries of changes in the landscape, it is an inland site.
Priene possessed a great deal of famous Hellenistic art and architecture. The city's original position on Mount Mycale has never actually been discovered; however, it is believed that it was a peninsula possessing two harbours. Priene never held a great deal of political importance due to the city's size, as it is believed around 4 to 5 thousand inhabitants occupied the region. The city was arranged into four districts, firstly the political district which consisted of the Bouleterion and the Prytaneion, the cultural district containing the Theatre, the commercial where the Agora was located and finally the religious district which contained sanctuaries dedicated to Zeus and Demeter and most importantly the Temple of Athena.
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Putrajaya
Putrajaya is a planned city, located 25km south of Kuala Lumpur, that serves as the federal administrative centre of Malaysia. The seat of government was shifted in 1999 from Kuala Lumpur to Putrajaya, due to the overcrowding and congestion in the Kuala Lumpur areas. Nevertheless, Kuala Lumpur remains Malaysia's national capital, being the seat of the King and Parliament, as well as the country's commercial and financial centre. Putrajaya was the brainchild of former Prime Minister Tun Dr Mahathir Mohammad. In 2001, Putrajaya became Malaysia's third Federal Territory after Kuala Lumpur and Labuan.
Named after the first Malaysian Prime Minister, Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra, the city is situated within the Multimedia Super Corridor, beside the also newly developed Cyberjaya. In Malay/Sanskrit, the words "putra" or "putera" means "prince", and "jaya" means "success" or "victory". The development of Putrajaya started in early 1990s, and today major landmarks are completed and the population is expected to grow bigger.
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Quebec
Coordinates: 53°45′N 071°59′W / 53.75°N 71.983°W / 53.75; -71.983 (Quebec)
Quebec /kwəˈbɛk/ or /kəˈbɛk/ (French: Québec [kebɛk] ( listen)) is a province in east-central Canada. It is the only Canadian province with a predominantly French-speaking population and the only one whose sole official language is French at the provincial level.
Quebec is Canada's largest province by area and its second-largest administrative division; only the territory of Nunavut is larger. It is bordered to the west by the province of Ontario, James Bay and Hudson Bay, to the north by Hudson Strait and Ungava Bay, to the east by the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the provinces of Newfoundland and Labrador and New Brunswick. It is bordered on the south by the US states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, and New York. It also shares maritime borders with Nunavut, Prince Edward Island, and Nova Scotia.
Quebec is Canada's second most populous province, after Ontario. Most inhabitants live in urban areas near the Saint Lawrence River between Montreal and Quebec City, the capital. English-speaking communities and English-language institutions are concentrated in the west of the island of Montreal but are also significantly present in the Outaouais, Eastern Townships, and Gaspé regions. The Nord-du-Québec region, occupying the northern half of the province, is sparsely populated and inhabited primarily by Aboriginal peoples.
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Rajarhat
Rajarhat Gopalpur (Bengali: রাজারহাট) (renamed from New Town on 7 October 2010), a neighbourhood of Calcutta, located in North 24 Parganas district of West Bengal, is a fast-growing planned new city. It is situated near the Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport. Many high-profile industrialists of national and international standing are investing in the township. The place is an impressive information technology and computer engineering hub.
This new industrial and residential hub is being developed on the north-eastern fringes on Calcutta, the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. It consists of the two erstwhile villages Rajarhat and Gopalpur, which is now a city and municipality named 'Rajarhat Gopalpur'. The area mainly consisted of huge acres of cultivable lands and water bodies. The process of investing for residential and industrial facilities and infrastructural development of the area has mainly started under the leadership of the then Chief Minister of West Bengal Buddhadeb Bhattacharya in the late 1990s. The governmental master plan envisions a township here at least three times bigger than the neighbouring planned Salt Lake city of Bidhannagar.[citation needed] According to governmental proposals, the township will be extended up to the extreme south of the state, i.e., up to the Sunderbans near the Bay of Bengal.[citation needed]
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Ramciel
Ramciel, also spelled Ramchiel, is a place in Lakes, a state in South Sudan, that will serve as the future site of the national capital. It is considered the geographic center of the country and borders Jonglei state to the west. It is very close to the point at which the borders of Central Equatoria, Jonglei, and Lakes, and thus the historical provinces of Equatoria, Greater Upper Nile, and Bahr el Ghazal, touch.John Garang, the first president of Southern Sudan, allegedly wanted to place the national capital in Ramciel during his administration, but he died before South Sudan achieved independence and its largest city of Juba became the capital instead.
The area is inhabited by the ALIAB community group, who cultivate crops in the highlands during the dry season and in the Nile marshes during the wet season. There are conflicting reports over its suitability for larger-scale construction, with some characterising the area as sunken and swampy and others contending that the rocky highlands can support a major city if one were to be built there.
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Randstad
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The Randstad (Dutch: Randstad or Randstad Holland, pronounced [ˈrɑnt.stɑt ˈɦɔ.lɑnt]) is a conurbation in the Netherlands. It consists of the four largest Dutch cities (Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague and Utrecht), and the surrounding areas. With a population of 7,100,000 it is one of the largest conurbations in Europe , comparable in size to Milan or the San Francisco Bay Area. The Randstad covers an area of approximately 8287 km² .
The Randstad's main cities are Almere, Amersfoort, Amsterdam, Delft, Dordrecht, Gouda, Haarlem, Leiden, Rotterdam, The Hague (Den Haag in Dutch), Utrecht, and Zoetermeer. Other centres include Alphen aan den Rijn, Amstelveen, Barendrecht, Capelle aan den IJssel, Hilversum, Hoofddorp, Hoek van Holland, Houten, Katwijk, Leidschendam, Maassluis, Nieuwegein, Oostzaan, Purmerend, Rijswijk, Schiedam, Spijkenisse, Vlaardingen, Voorburg, Zeist and Zaanstad.
The cities of the Randstad more or less form a crescent or chain. This shape has given the Randstad its name (rand means rim or edge and stad means city or town). The area that is enclosed by the larger cities is called Groene Hart (the Green Heart).
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Rawalpindi
Rawalpindi (Urdu: راولپنڈی,Rāwalpindī), locally known as Pindi, is a city in the Pothohar region of Pakistan near Pakistan's capital city of Islamabad, in the province of Punjab. Rawalpindi is the fourth largest city in Pakistan after Karachi, Lahore and Faisalabad. In the 1950s, Rawalpindi was smaller than Hyderabad and Multan, but the city's economy received a boost during the building of Islamabad (1959–1969), during which time Rawalpindi served as the national capital and its population increased from 180,000 at the time of independence to over 4.5 million in 2007.[citation needed] Rawalpindi is located in the northernmost part of the Punjab province, 275 km (171 mi) to the north-west of Lahore. It is the administrative seat of the Rawalpindi District. The total area of the city is approximately 154 square kilometres (59 sq mi). Rawalpindi is the military headquarters of the Pakistani Armed Forces.
Rawalpindi, named after Raja Pindi, is a bustling city on the northernmost part of the Punjab province, strategically located between the NWFP and Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Many tourists use the city as a stop before traveling towards the northern areas. Rawalpindi is also a prime destination for the expatriate community of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Numerous shopping bazaars, parks and a cosmopolitan population attract shoppers from all over Pakistan and abroad. The city is home to several industries and factories. Islamabad International Airport is actually located in Rawalpindi and serves both cities.
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Red Square
Red Square (Russian: Красная площадь, tr. Krásnaja Plóščaď; IPA: [ˈkrasnəjə ˈploɕːətʲ]) is a city square in Moscow, Russia. The square separates the Kremlin, the former royal citadel and currently the official residence of the President of Russia, from a historic merchant quarter known as Kitai-gorod. As major streets of Moscow radiate from here in all directions, being promoted to major highways outside the city, Red Square is often considered the central square of Moscow and all of Russia.
The rich history of Red Square is reflected in many artworks, including paintings by Vasily Surikov, Konstantin Yuon and others. The square was meant to serve as Moscow's main marketplace. It was also used for various public ceremonies and proclamations, and occasionally as the site of coronation for Russia's Tsars. The square has been gradually built up since that point and has been used for official ceremonies by all Russian governments since it was established.
The name Red Square derives neither from the colour of the bricks around it (which, in fact, were whitewashed at certain points in history) nor from the link between the colour red and communism. Rather, the name came about because the Russian word красная (krasnaya) can mean either "red" or "beautiful" (the latter being rather archaic; cf. прекрасная, prekrasnaya). This word, with the meaning "beautiful", was originally applied to Saint Basil's Cathedral and was subsequently transferred to the nearby square. It is believed that the square acquired its current name (replacing the older Pozhar, or "burnt-out place") in the 17th century. Several ancient Russian towns, such as Suzdal, Yelets, and Pereslavl-Zalessky, have their main square named Krasnaya ploshchad.
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Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro ( /ˈriːoʊ deɪ ʒəˈnɛəroʊ/ or /ˈriːoʊ deɪ dʒəˈnɛəroʊ/; Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈʁi.u dʒi ʒaˈnejɾu],River of January), commonly referred to simply as Rio, is the capital city of the State of Rio de Janeiro, the second largest city of Brazil, and the third largest metropolitan area and agglomeration in South America, boasting approximately 6.3 million people within the city proper, making it the 6th largest in the Americas, and 26th in the world.
The city was the capital of Brazil for nearly two centuries, from 1763 to 1815 during the Portuguese colonial era, 1815 to 1821 as the capital of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and Algarves, and 1822 to 1960 as an independent nation. Rio is nicknamed the Cidade Maravilhosa or "Marvelous City."
Rio de Janeiro represents the second largest GDP in the country (and 30th largest in the world in 2008), estimated at about R$ 343 billion (IBGE/2008) (nearly US$ 201 billion), and is the headquarters of two major Brazilian companies – Petrobras and Vale, and major oil companies and telephony in Brazil, besides the largest conglomerate of media and communications companies in Latin America, the Globo Organizations. The home of many universities and institutes, it is the second largest center of research and development in Brazil, accounting for 17% of national scientific production – according to 2005 data.
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Ripon
Coordinates: 54°08′17″N 1°31′25″W / 54.13796°N 1.52365°W / 54.13796; -1.52365
Ripon is a cathedral city, market town and successor parish in the Borough of Harrogate, North Yorkshire, England, located at the confluence of two streams of the River Ure in the form of the Laver and Skell. The city is noted for its main feature the Ripon Cathedral which is architecturally significant, as well as the Ripon Racecourse and other features such as its market. The city itself is just over 1,300 years old.
The city was originally known as Inhrypum and was founded by Saint Wilfrid during the time of Angle kingdom Northumbria, a period during which it enjoyed prominence in terms of religious importance in Great Britain. After a period of Viking control, it passed to the Cerdic dynasty who unified England and then the Normans who destroyed much of the city. After a brief period of building projects under the Plantagenets, the city emerged with a prominent wool and cloth industry. Ripon became well known for its production of spurs during the 16th and 17th century, but would later remain largely unaffected by the Industrial Revolution.
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Romania
Romania (i/roʊˈmeɪniə/ roh-MAY-nee-ə; dated: Roumania; or Rumania;Romanian: România [romɨˈni.a] ( listen)) is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea. Romania shares a border with Hungary and Serbia to the west, Ukraine and Moldova to the northeast and east, and Bulgaria to the south.
At 238,400 square kilometers (92,000 sq mi), Romania is the ninth largest country of the European Union by area, and has the seventh largest population of the European Union with over 19 million people. Its capital and largest city is Bucharest, the tenth largest city in the EU with about two million people.
The Kingdom of Romania emerged when the principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia were united under Prince Alexander Ioan Cuza in 1859. Independence from the Ottoman Empire was declared on 9 May 1877, and was internationally recognized the following year. At the end of World War I, Transylvania, Bukovina and Bessarabia united with the Kingdom of Romania. Greater Romania emerged into an era of progression and prosperity that would continue until World War II. By the end of the War, many north-eastern areas of Romania's territories were occupied by the Soviet Union, and Romania forcibly became a socialist republic and a member of the Warsaw Pact.
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Rome
Rome (/ˈroʊm/; Italian: Roma pronounced [ˈroːma] ( listen); Latin: Rōma) is a city and special comune ("Roma Capitale") in Italy. Rome is the capital of Italy and the capital of Lazio (Latin: Latium). With 2.8 million residents in 1,285.3 km2 (496.3 sq mi), it is also the country's largest and most populated comune and fourth-most populous city in the European Union by population within city limits. Between 3.2 and 3.7 million people live in the Rome metropolitan area. The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.
Rome's history spans two and a half thousand years. It was the capital city of the Roman Kingdom, the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, which was the dominant power in Western Europe and the lands bordering the Mediterranean for over seven hundred years from the 1st century BC until the 7th century AD and the city is regarded as one of the birthplaces of western civilization. Since the 1st century AD Rome has been the seat of the Papacy and, after the end of Byzantine domination, in the 8th century it became the capital of the Papal States, which lasted until 1870. In 1871 Rome became the capital of the Kingdom of Italy, and in 1946 that of the Italian Republic.
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Rotterdam
Rotterdam ( /ˈrɒtərdæm/; Dutch [ˌrɔ.tər.ˈdɑm] ( listen)) is the second-largest city in the Netherlands and one of the largest ports in the world. Starting as a dam constructed in 1270 on the Rotte River, Rotterdam has grown into a major international commercial centre. Its strategic location at the Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt delta on the North Sea and at the heart of a massive rail, road, air and inland waterway distribution system extending throughout Europe is the reason that Rotterdam is often called the "Gateway to Europe".
Located in the Province of South Holland, Rotterdam is found in the west of the Netherlands and at the south end of the Randstad. The population of the city proper was 616,250 on February 1st 2012. The population of the greater Rotterdam area, called "Rotterdam-Rijnmond" or just "Rijnmond", is around 1.3 million people. Rotterdam is one of Europe's most vibrant, multicultural cities. The city is known for its university (Erasmus), its cutting-edge architecture, its lively cultural life, its striking riverside setting, its maritime heritage and the Rotterdam Blitz.
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Salt Lake City
Salt Lake City, often shortened to Salt Lake or SLC, is the capital and the most populous city of the U.S. state of Utah. With a population of 186,440 as of the 2010 Census, the city lies in the Salt Lake City metropolitan area, which has a total population of 1,145,905. Salt Lake City is further situated in a larger urban area known as the Wasatch Front, which has a population of 2,328,299. It is one of only two major urban areas in the Great Basin (the other being Reno, Nevada), and the largest in the Intermountain West.
The city was founded in 1847 by Brigham Young and his Mormon followers, who extensively irrigated and cultivated the arid valley. Due to its proximity to the Great Salt Lake, the city was originally named "Great Salt Lake City"—the word "great" was dropped from the official name in 1868. Although Salt Lake City is still home to the headquarters of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), less than half the population of Salt Lake City proper are members of the LDS Church today.
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San Francisco
San Francisco (/ˌsæn frənˈsɪskoʊ/), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the financial, cultural, and transportation center of the San Francisco Bay Area, a region of 7.6 million people which includes San Jose and Oakland. The only consolidated city-county in California, it encompasses a land area of about 46.9 square miles (121 km2) on the northern end of the San Francisco Peninsula, giving it a density of about 17,179 people per square mile (6,632 people per km2). It is the most densely settled large city (population greater than 200,000) in the state of California and the second-most densely populated large city in the United States after New York City. San Francisco is the fourth most populous city in California and the 13th most populous city in the United States, with a population of 805,235 as of the 2010 Census. The San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont metropolitan area has a population of 4,335,391.
In 1776, colonists from Spain established a fort at the Golden Gate and a mission named for Francis of Assisi a few miles away. The California Gold Rush of 1849 propelled the city into a period of rapid growth, increasing the population in one year from 1,000 to 25,000, and thus transforming it into the largest city on the West Coast at the time. After three-quarters of the city was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire, San Francisco was quickly rebuilt, hosting the Panama-Pacific International Exposition nine years later. During World War II, San Francisco was the port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater. After the war, the confluence of returning servicemen, massive immigration, liberalizing attitudes, and other factors led to the Summer of Love and the gay rights movement, cementing San Francisco as a center of liberal activism in the United States.
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Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan (i/səˈskætʃɨwən/ or /səˈskætʃɨwɑːn/) is a prairie province in Canada, which has an area of 588,276 square kilometres (227,100 sq mi). Saskatchewan is bordered on the west by Alberta, on the north by the Northwest Territories, on the east by Manitoba, and on the south by the U.S. states of Montana and North Dakota.
As of April 2011, the population of Saskatchewan was estimated at 1,053,960. Residents primarily live in the southern half of the province. Of the total population, 257,300 live in the province's largest city, Saskatoon, while 210,000 live in the provincial capital, Regina. Other major cities include Prince Albert, Moose Jaw, Yorkton, Swift Current and North Battleford.
Saskatchewan was first explored by Europeans in 1690 and settled in 1774, having also been inhabited for thousands of years by various indigenous groups. It became a province in 1905. Saskatchewan's current premier is Brad Wall and its lieutenant-governor is Vaughn Solomon Schofield. Its major industries are agriculture, mining, and energy. "In 1992, the federal and provincial governments signed a historic land claim agreement with Saskatchewan First Nations. Under the Agreement, the First Nations received money to buy land on the open market. As a result, about 761,000 acres have been turned into reserve land and many First Nations continue to invest their settlement dollars in urban areas", including Saskatoon.
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Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia (i/ˌsaʊdi əˈreɪbi.ə/ or i/ˌsɔːdiː əˈreɪbi.ə/; Arabic: السعودية as-Su‘ūdīyah[citation needed] or incorrectly as-Sa‘ūdīyah, officially known as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Arabic: المملكة العربية السعودية al-Mamlakah al-‘Arabīyah as-Su‘ūdīyah Arabic pronunciation (help·info)), is the largest state in Western Asia by land area, constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and the second-largest in the Arab world, after Algeria. It is bordered by Jordan, and Iraq on the north and northeast, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates on the east, Oman on the southeast, and Yemen on the south. The Red Sea lies to its west, and the Persian Gulf lies to the east. Saudi Arabia has an area of approximately 2,250,000 km2 (870,000 sq mi), and it has an estimated population of 27 million, of which 9 million are registered foreign expatriates and an estimated 2 million are illegal immigrants. Saudi nationals comprise an estimated 16 million people.
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded by Abdul-Aziz bin Saud (known for most of his career as Ibn Saud) in 1932, although the conquests which eventually led to the creation of the Kingdom began in 1902 when he captured Riyadh, the ancestral home of his family, the House of Saud, referred to in Arabic as the Al Saud. The Saudi Arabian government, which has been an absolute monarchy since its inception, refers to its system of government as being Islamic, though this is contested by many due to its strong basis in Salafism, a minority school of thought in Islam. The kingdom is sometimes called "The Land of the Two Holy Mosques" in reference to Al-Masjid al-Haram (in Mecca), and Al-Masjid al-Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places in Islam.
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Sejong City
In early 2007, the Government of Republic of Korea decided to create a special administrative district housing nine ministries and four national agencies currently located in Seoul out of parts of Chungcheongnam-do and Chungcheongbuk-do provinces, near Daejeon. The new district will be named Sejong Special Autonomous City (세종특별자치시, 世宗特別自治市). The plan for creation of the city arose after the failure of former President Roh Moo-hyun to relocate the national capital from Seoul to the region. The prospective city was named in honor of the Joseon Dynasty King Sejong the Great, the father of Korea's national alphabet. The plan envisages a city with a population of around 500,000
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Seoul
Seoul (Korean pronunciation: [sʌ.ul] ( listen), English /soʊl/), officially the Seoul Special City, is the capital and largest metropolis of South Korea. A megacity with a population of over 10 million, it is the largest city proper in the OECD developed world. The Seoul National Capital Area is the world's second largest metropolitan area with over 25 million inhabitants, which includes the surrounding Incheon metropolis and Gyeonggi province. Almost a quarter of South Koreans live in Seoul, half of South Koreans live in the metropolitan area, along with over 275,000 international residents.
Located in the Han River, Seoul has been a major settlement for over 2,000 years, with its foundation dating back to 18 B.C. when Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, established its capital in what is now south-east Seoul. It continued as the capital of Korea during the Joseon Dynasty and the Korean Empire. The Seoul National Capital Area is home to four UNESCO World Heritage Sites: Changdeokgung, Hwaseong Fortress, Jongmyo Shrine and the Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty.
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Shanghai
Shanghai is the largest city by population of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the largest city proper by population in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities of the PRC, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010. It is a global city, with influence in commerce, culture, finance, media, fashion, technology, and transport. It is a major financial center and the busiest container port in the world.
Located in the Yangtze River Delta in eastern China, Shanghai sits at the mouth of the Yangtze River in the middle portion of the Chinese coast. The municipality borders Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces to the west, and is bounded to the east by the East China Sea.
Once a fishing and textiles town, Shanghai grew in importance in the 19th century due to European recognition of its favorable port location and economic potential. The city was one of several opened to foreign trade following the British victory over China in the first opium war and the subsequent 1842 Treaty of Nanking which allowed the establishment of the Shanghai International Settlement. The city then flourished as a center of commerce between east and west, and became the undisputed financial hub of the Asia Pacific in the 1930s. However, with the Communist Party takeover of the mainland in 1949, the city's international influence declined. In the 1990s, the economic reforms introduced by Deng Xiaoping resulted in an intense re-development of the city, aiding the return of finance and foreign investment to the city.
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Sheffield
Sheffieldi/ˈʃɛfiːld/ is a city and metropolitan borough of South Yorkshire, England. Its name derives from the River Sheaf, which runs through the city. Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, and with some of its southern suburbs annexed from Derbyshire, the city has grown from its largely industrial roots to encompass a wider economic base. The population of the City of Sheffield is 555,500 (2010 est.) and it is one of the eight largest regional English cities that make up the English Core Cities Group.
During the 19th century, Sheffield gained an international reputation for steel production. Many innovations were developed locally, including crucible and stainless steel, fuelling an almost tenfold increase in the population during the Industrial Revolution. Sheffield received its municipal charter in 1843, becoming the City of Sheffield in 1893. International competition in iron and steel caused a decline in traditional local industries during the 1970s and 1980s, coinciding with the collapse of coal mining in the area.
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Sialkot
Sialkot (Punjabi, Urdu: سیالکوٹ) is located in Pakistan in the north-east of the Punjab province at the foothills of snow-covered peaks of Kashmir near the Chenab river. It is the capital of Sialkot District. The city is about 125 km (78 mi) north-west of Lahore The recorded history of Sialkot covers thousands of years. Sialkot has, since its foundation, changed hands from Hindu, Buddhist, Persian, Greek, Afghan, Turk, Sikh, Mughal and British rule to that of present-day Pakistan.
There are various sources tracing the origins of the city of Sialkot but the authenticity of many of these sources varies. Excavations throughout the area have revealed large amounts of Greek coins, ancient Zoroastrian temples and several Buddhist stupas. The antiquities of Sialkot have also been discussed by Sir Alexander Cunningham in his Archaeological Survey Reports, II, 21, 22, and XIV, 44 to 47.
According to the Greek historical texts, which bring mention of the city of Sialkot dating back to before 327 BC when the city was known as Sagala, it represented the eastern-most outpost and expansion of the Hellenic Empire created by Alexander the Great which has been cross-correlated to ancient Greek maps of the era and several monuments found in the Sialkot District. The Greek historians state that the city was one of the most productive Silk regions of the Achaemenid Empire. Sákala or Sagala was the capital, or one of the capitals, of the Indo-Greek Kingdom which broke-away from the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom during the Euthydemid Dynasty
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Singapore
Singapore (i/ˈsɪŋəpɔər/ SI-ngə-pohr), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a Southeast Asian city-state off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, 137 kilometres (85 mi) north of the equator. An island country made up of 63 islands, it is separated from Malaysia by the Straits of Johor to its north and from Indonesia's Riau Islands by the Singapore Strait to its south. Singapore is highly urbanised but almost half of the country is covered by greenery. More land is being created for development through land reclamation.
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South Africa
Coordinates: 30°S 25°E / 30°S 25°E / -30; 25
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa, is a country located at the southern tip of Africa. It is divided into nine provinces and has 2,798 kilometres (1,739 mi) of coastline. To the north of the country lie the neighbouring territories of Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe; to the east are Mozambique and Swaziland; while Lesotho is an enclave surrounded by South African territory.
South Africa is multi-ethnic and has diverse cultures and languages. Eleven official languages are recognised in the constitution. Two of these languages are of European origin: South African English and Afrikaans, a language which originated mainly from Dutch that is spoken by the majority of white and Coloured South Africans. Though English is commonly used in public and commercial life, it is only the fifth most-spoken home language. All ethnic and language groups have political representation in the country's constitutional democracy comprising a parliamentary republic; unlike most parliamentary republics, the positions of head of state and head of government are merged in a parliament-dependent President.
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South Korea
South Korea ( listen), officially the Republic of Korea (Hangul: 대한민국; Hanja: 大韓民國; Daehan Minguk listen), is a sovereign state in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. The name "Korea" is derived from Goryeo, a dynasty which ruled in the Middle Ages (an initial "G" in Korean is pronounced like an English "K").
Its neighbors are China to the west, Japan to the east, North Korea to the north, and the Korea Strait to the south. South Korea lies in the north temperate zone with a predominantly mountainous terrain. It covers a total area of 99,392 square kilometers and has a population of almost 50 million. The capital and largest city is Seoul, with a population of 9,794,304.
Archaeological findings show that the Korean Peninsula was occupied by the Lower Paleolithic period.Korean history begins with the founding of Gojoseon in 2333 BC by the legendary Dan-gun. Following the unification of the Three Kingdoms of Korea under Silla 668 AD, Korea went through the Goryeo Dynasty and Joseon Dynasty as one nation until the end of the Korean Empire in 1910, when it was annexed by Japan. After liberation and occupation by Soviet and U.S. forces at the end of World War II, the nation was divided into North and South Korea. The latter was established in 1948 as a democracy, though political turmoil and times of military rule and martial law characterized much of the period until the foundation of the Sixth Republic in 1987.
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South Sudan
South Sudan (i/ˌsaʊθ suːˈdæn/ or /suːˈdɑːn/), officially the Republic of South Sudan, is a landlocked country in the east-central African region of northeastern Africa. It is also part of the North Africa UN subregion. Its current capital is Juba, which is also its largest city; the capital city is planned to be moved to the more centrally located Ramciel in the future. South Sudan is bordered by Ethiopia to the east, Kenya to the southeast, Uganda to the south, the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the southwest, the Central African Republic to the west, and Sudan to the north. South Sudan includes the vast swamp region of the Sudd formed by the White Nile, locally called the Bahr al Jabal.
The modern states of South Sudan and Sudan were part of Egypt under the Muhammad Ali Dynasty, later being governed as an Anglo-Egyptian condominium until Sudanese independence was achieved in 1956. Following the First Sudanese Civil War, the Southern Sudan Autonomous Region was formed in 1972 and lasted until 1983. A second Sudanese civil war soon developed and ended with the Comprehensive Peace Agreement of 2005. Later that year, southern autonomy was restored when an Autonomous Government of Southern Sudan was formed.
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St Asaph
Coordinates: 53°15′28″N 3°26′30″W / 53.2577°N 3.4416°W / 53.2577; -3.4416
St Asaph (English pronunciation: /sənt ˈæsəf/;Welsh: Llanelwy pronounced [ɬanˈɛlʊɨ̯]) is a city and community on the River Elwy in Denbighshire, Wales. In the 2001 Census it had a population of 3,491.
The city of St Asaph is surrounded by countryside and views of the Vale of Clwyd. It is situated close to a number of busy coastal towns such as Rhyl, Prestatyn, Abergele, Colwyn Bay and Llandudno. The historic castles of Denbigh and Rhuddlan are also nearby.
The earliest inhabitants of the vale of Elwy lived in the nearby Paleolithic site of Pontnewydd (Bontnewydd), which was excavated from 1978 by a team from the University of Wales, led by Dr Stephen Aldhouse Green. Teeth and part of a jawbone excavated in 1981 were dated to 225,000 years ago. This site is the most north-western site in Eurasia for remains of early hominids and is considered of international importance. Based on the morphology and age of the teeth, particularly the evidence of tauradontism, the teeth are believed to belong to a group of Neanderthals who hunted game in the vale of Elwy in an interglacial period.
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Statistics Sweden
Statistics Sweden (Swedish: Statistiska centralbyrån, SCB) is the Swedish government agency responsible for producing official statistics regarding Sweden. National statistics in Sweden date back to 1686 when the parishes of the Church of Sweden were ordered to start keeping records on the population. SCB's predecessor, the Office of Tables (Tabellverket), was set up in 1749, and the current name was adopted in 1858.
As of 2008[update], the agency had approximately 1,400 employees. The offices of the agency are located in Stockholm and Örebro. Statistics Sweden publishes the Journal of Official Statistics.
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Stirling
Coordinates: 56°07′02″N 3°56′23″W / 56.117222°N 3.939722°W / 56.117222; -3.939722
Stirling (Gaelic: Sruighlea pronounced [ˈs̪t̪ruʝlə]) is a city and former ancient burgh in Scotland, and is at the heart of the wider Stirling council area. The city is clustered around a large fortress and medieval old-town beside the River Forth. Historically it was strategically important as the "Gateway to the Highlands", with its position near the boundary between the Scottish Lowlands and Highlands, and its crossing of the Forth, the nearest to the river mouth.
Once the capital of Scotland, Stirling contains the Great Hall (restored 1999) and the Renaissance Palace (restoration completed 2011) within the Castle that rivalled any building in Europe at the time. Stirling also has its medieval parish church, The Church of the Holy Rude, where King James VI was crowned King of Scots on 29 July 1567. The Holy Rude still functions as living church with a service every Sunday.
Stirling is a centre for local government, higher education, retail, and light industry. Its population in 2008 was 33,710, for Stirling itself, the wider urban area including Bridge of Allan and Bannockburn has a population of 45,750. This makes it the smallest city in Scotland: indeed it is smaller than many of Scotland's larger towns.
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Stockholm
Stockholm (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈstɔkːˈhɔlm, ˈstɔkːˈɔlm, ˈstɔkːɔlm]( listen to the second one)) is the capital and the largest city of Sweden and constitutes the most populated urban area in Scandinavia. Stockholm is the most populous city in Sweden, with a population of 864,324 in the municipality (2010), 1.4 million in the urban area (2010), and around 2.1 million in the 6,519 km2 (2,517.00 sq mi) metropolitan area (2010). As of 2010, the Stockholm metropolitan area is home to approximately 22% of Sweden's population.
Founded no later than c. 1250, possibly as early as 1187, Stockholm has long been one of Sweden's cultural, media, political, and economic centres. Its strategic location on 14 islands on the south-central east coast of Sweden at the mouth of Lake Mälaren, by the Stockholm archipelago, has been historically important. Stockholm has been nominated by GaWC as a global city, with a ranking of Alpha-. In The 2008 Global Cities Index, Stockholm ranked 24th in the world, 10th in Europe, and first in Scandinavia. Stockholm is known for its beauty, its buildings and architecture, its abundant clean and open water, and its many parks. It is sometimes referred to as Venice of the North.
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Sweden
Sweden (i/ˈswiːdən/ SWEE-dən; Swedish: Sverige [ˈsværjɛ] ( listen)), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: Konungariket Sverige (help·info)), is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland, and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Øresund.
At 450,295 square kilometres (173,860 sq mi), Sweden is the third largest country in the European Union by area, with a total population of about 9.4 million. Sweden has a low population density of 21 inhabitants per square kilometre (54 /sq mi) with the population mostly concentrated to the southern half of the country. About 85% of the population live in urban areas. Sweden's capital city is Stockholm, which is also the largest city.
Sweden emerged as an independent and unified country during the Middle Ages. In the 17th century, the country expanded its territories to form the Swedish Empire. The empire grew to be one of the great powers of Europe in the 17th and early 18th century. Most of the conquered territories outside the Scandinavian Peninsula were lost during the 18th and 19th centuries. The eastern half of Sweden, present-day Finland, was lost to Russia in 1809. The last war in which Sweden was directly involved was in 1814, when Sweden by military means forced Norway into a personal union. Since then, Sweden has been at peace, practicing "non-participation in military alliances during peacetime and neutrality during wartime". However, Sweden has been a member of the European Union since 1 January 1995 and is a member of the OECD.
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Sydney
Sydney ( /sɪdni/) is the most populous city in Australia and the state capital of New South Wales. Sydney is classified as an Alpha+ World City indicating its influence in the region and throughout the world.
Sydney is located on Australia's south-east coast of the Tasman Sea. As of June 2010, the greater metropolitan area had an approximate population of 4.6 million people. Inhabitants of Sydney are called Sydneysiders, comprising a cosmopolitan and international population.
The site of the first British colony in Australia, Sydney was established in 1788 at Sydney Cove by Arthur Phillip, commodore of the First Fleet as a penal colony. The city is built on hills surrounding Port Jackson which is commonly known as Sydney Harbour, where the iconic Sydney Opera House and the Harbour Bridge feature prominently. The hinterland of the metropolitan area is surrounded by national parks, and the coastal regions feature many bays, rivers, inlets and beaches including the famous Bondi Beach and Manly Beach. Within the city are many notable parks, including Hyde Park and the Royal Botanic Gardens.
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Szczecin
Szczecin ([ˈʂt͡ʂɛt͡ɕin] ( listen); German: Stettin [ʃtɛˈtiːn] ( listen)}), is the capital city of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in Poland. In the vicinity of the Baltic Sea, it is the country's seventh-largest city and the largest seaport in Poland. As of June 2011 the population was 407,811.
Szczecin is located on the Oder River, south of the Szczecin Lagoon and the Bay of Pomerania. The city is situated along the southwestern shore of Dąbie Lake, on both sides of the Oder and on several large islands between the western and eastern branches of the river. Szczecin borders with the town of Police.
The city's beginnings were as an 8th century Slavic Pomeranian stronghold, built at the site of today's castle. In the 12th century, when Szczecin had become one of Pomerania's main urban centres, it lost its independence to Piast Poland, Saxony, the Holy Roman Empire and Denmark. At the same time, the Griffin dynasty established themselves as local rulers, the population was converted to Christianity, and German settlers arrived. The native Slavic population was assimilated and sometimes discriminated against in the following centuries. In 1237/43, the town was built anew and granted vast autonomy rights, and it joined the Hanseatic League.
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Tehran
Tehran ( pronunciation (help·info)) (Persian: تهران Tehrān; pronounced [tehˈɾɒːn]), sometimes spelled Teheran, is the capital of Iran and Tehran Province. With an estimated population of 8,429,807; it is also Iran's largest urban area and city, the largest city in Western Asia, one of the largest in Southern Asia, and the 19th-largest city globally.
In the 20th century, Tehran was subject to mass-migration of people from all around Iran. The city is home to many historic mosques, churches, synagogues and Zoroastrian fire temples. Contemporary Tehran is a modern city featuring many structures, of which the Azadi (Freedom) Tower and the Milad Tower have come to be symbols of Tehran itself. In 2008 Tehran was the least expensive capital in the world and the second-least expensive city globally based on the cost-of-living index presenting the best value for money in the world. Globally it stands 19th by city population, 56th by the size of its GDP and 29th by the population of its metropolitan area. Throughout Iran's history, the capital city has been relocated many times, with Tehran being the 32nd national capital of Iran. Persian is the city's native tongue, with roughly 98% of the population able to speak and understand it. The majority of people in Tehran identify themselves as Persians. In pre-Islamic and early Islamic times, Tehran was called Ray (which in the Avesta occurs in the form of Ragha)[citation needed].
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Tel Aviv
Tel Aviv, officially Tel Aviv-Yafo (Hebrew: תֵּל־אָבִיב-יָפוֹ; Arabic: تل أبيب), is the second most populous city in Israel. It has a population of 404,400 within city limits, on a land area of 52 km2 (20 sq mi). The city is located on the Israeli Mediterranean coastline in central-west Israel. In 2010, it was the largest and most populous city in the Tel Aviv Metropolitan Area of 3,325,700 residents, known as Gush Dan. The city is governed by the Tel Aviv-Yafo municipality, headed by Ron Huldai. Residents of Tel Aviv are referred to as Tel Avivim.
Tel Aviv was founded in 1909 by the Jewish Community of Jaffa (Hebrew: יָפוֹ Yafo; Arabic: يافا Yāfā), on the outskirts of the ancient port city. The growth of Tel Aviv soon outpaced Jaffa, which had a majority Arab population at the time. Tel Aviv and Jaffa were merged into a single municipality in 1950, two years after the establishment of the State of Israel. Tel Aviv's White City, designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2003, comprises the world's largest concentration of Bauhaus buildings.
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Teotihuacan
Coordinates: 19°41′33″N 98°50′37.68″W / 19.6925°N 98.8438°W / 19.6925; -98.8438
Teotihuacan – also written Teotihuacán, with a Spanish orthographic accent on the last syllable – is an enormous archaeological site in the Basin of Mexico, just 30 miles (48 km) northeast of Mexico City, containing some of the largest pyramidal structures built in the pre-Columbian Americas. Apart from the pyramidal structures, Teotihuacan is also known for its large residential complexes, the Avenue of the Dead, and numerous colorful, well-preserved murals. Additionally, Teotihuacan produced a thin orange pottery style that spread through Mesoamerica.
The city is thought to have been established around 100 BC and continued to be built until about 250 AD. The city may have lasted until sometime between the 7th and 8th centuries AD. At its zenith, perhaps in the first half of the 1st millennium AD, Teotihuacan was the largest city in the pre-Columbian Americas, with a population of perhaps 125,000 or more, placing it among the largest cities of the world in this period. Teotihuacan began as a new religious center in the Mexican Highland around the first century AD. This city came to be the largest and most populated center in the New World. Teotihuacan was even home to multi-floor apartment compounds built to accommodate this large population. The civilization and cultural complex associated with the site is also referred to as Teotihuacan or Teotihuacano.
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The Hague
The Hague (Dutch: Den Haag pronounced [dɛnˈɦaˑχ] ( listen), officially 's-Gravenhage pronounced [ˈsχraˑvə(n)ˌɦaˑɣə] ( listen)) is the capital city of the province of South Holland in the Netherlands. With a population of 500,000 inhabitants (as of 1 September 2011), and more than one million inhabitants including the suburbs, it is the third largest city of the Netherlands, after Amsterdam and Rotterdam. Located in the west of the Netherlands, The Hague is in the centre of the Haaglanden conurbation and lies at the southwest corner of the larger Randstad conurbation.
The Hague is the seat of the Dutch government and parliament, the Supreme Court, and the Council of State, but the city is not the capital of the Netherlands which constitutionally is Amsterdam. Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands lives at Huis ten Bosch and works at Noordeinde Palace in The Hague. Most foreign embassies in the Netherlands and 150 international organisations are located in the city, including the International Court of Justice and the International Criminal Court, which makes The Hague one of the major cities hosting the United Nations, along with New York, Vienna and Geneva.
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Tirana
Tiranai/tɨˈrɑːnə/ (indefinite form in Albanian: Tiranë, in the region sub-dialect of Gheg Albanian: Tirona) is the capital and the largest city of Albania. Modern Tirana was founded as an Ottoman town in 1614 by Sulejman Bargjini, a local ruler from Mullet, although the area has been continuously inhabited since antiquity. Tirana became Albania's capital city in 1920 and has a population of 400,000 , with metro area population of 763,634 . The city is host to public institutions and private universities, and is the center of the political, economical, and cultural life of the country.
The Municipality of Tirana is located at (41.33°N, 19.82°E) in Tirana District, Tirana County on the river Ishëm, about 32 kilometers (20 mi) inland. Tirana's average altitude is 110 meters (360 ft) above sea level and its highest point measures 1,828 m (5,997.38 ft) at Mali me Gropa. The city is mostly surrounded by hills, with Dajti Mountain on the East and a slight valley opening on the North-West overlooking the Adriatic Sea in the distance. The Tiranë river also runs through the city, whereas the Lanë river is a brook. The city borders the surrounding municipalities of Paskuqan, Dajt, Farkë, Vaqarr, Kashar, and Kamëz. It also contains a total of four artificial lakes: the Tirana Artificial Lake around which was built the Big Park, Paskuqani Lake, Farka Lake, and Tufina Lake. Tirana is on the same parallel as Naples, Madrid, Istanbul, and New York, and on the same meridian as Budapest and Kraków.
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Tokyo
Tokyo (東京, Tōkyō?, "Eastern Capital") [toːkʲoː], English /ˈtoʊki.oʊ/; officially Tokyo Metropolis (東京都, Tōkyō-to?), is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan. Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area, and the largest metropolitan area of the world. It is the seat of the Japanese government and the Imperial Palace, and the home of the Japanese Imperial Family. Tokyo is in the Kantō region on the southeastern side of the main island Honshu and includes the Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands. Tokyo Metropolis was formed in 1943 from the merger of the former Tokyo Prefecture (東京府, Tōkyō-fu?) and the city of Tokyo (東京市, Tōkyō-shi?).
The Tokyo Metropolitan government administers the 23 special wards of Tokyo (each governed as a city), which cover the area that was the city of Tokyo, as well as 39 municipalities in the western part of the prefecture and the two outlying island chains. The population of the special wards is over 8 million people, with the total population of the prefecture exceeding 13 million. The prefecture is part of the world's most populous metropolitan area with upwards of 35 million people and the world's largest urban agglomeration economy with a GDP of US$1.479 trillion at purchasing power parity in 2008, ahead of New York City metropolitan area, which ranks second on the list. The city hosts 47 of the Fortune Global 500 companies, the highest amount of any city.
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Turin
Turin (Italian: Torino, pronounced [toˈriːno] ( listen); Piedmontese: Turin, pronounced [tyˈɾiŋ]; Latin: Augusta Taurinorum) is a city and major business and cultural centre in northern Italy, capital of the Piedmont region, located mainly on the left bank of the Po River and surrounded by the Alpine arch. The population of the city proper is 909,193 (November 2008) while the population of the urban area is estimated by Eurostat to be 1.7 million inhabitants. The Turin metropolitan area is estimated by the OECD to have a population of 2.2 million.
The city has a rich culture and history, and is known for its numerous art galleries, restaurants, churches, palaces, opera houses, piazzas, parks, gardens, theatres, libraries, museums and other venues. Turin is well known for its baroque, rococo, neo-classical, and Art Nouveau architecture. Much of the city's public squares, castles, gardens and elegant palazzi such as Palazzo Madama, were built in the 16th and 18th century, after the capital of the Duchy of Savoy (later Kingdom of Sardinia) was moved to Turin from Chambery( nowadays France) as part of the urban expansion.
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United Arab Emirates
The United Arab Emiratesi/juːˌnaɪtɨd ˌærəb ˈɛmɪrɨts/ (Arabic: دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة, Al Imārāt al ‘Arabīyah al Muttaḥidah), sometimes simply called the Emirates or the UAE, is a country situated in the southeast of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia on the Persian Gulf, bordering Oman to the east and Saudi Arabia to the south, as well as sharing sea borders with Qatar to the west and Iran to the north.
The UAE is a federation of seven emirates (equivalent to principalities), each governed by a hereditary emir, with a single national president. The constituent emirates are Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras al-Khaimah, Sharjah, and Umm al-Quwain. The capital is Abu Dhabi, which is also the state's center of political, industrial, and cultural activities.
Prior to independence in 1971, the UAE was known as the Trucial States or Trucial Oman, in reference to a 19th-century truce between the local sheikhs, hereditary rulers of the territories, and the United Kingdom. The term Pirate Coast was also used by some to refer to the emirates from the 18th to the early 20th century, owing to the preponderance of pirates operating from Emirati ports.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea.
The United Kingdom is a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system, with its seat of government in the capital city of London. It is a country in its own right and consists of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. There are three devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in Belfast, Edinburgh and Cardiff, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Associated with the UK, but not constitutionally part of it, are three Crown Dependencies. The United Kingdom has fourteen overseas territories. These are remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in 1922, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land surface and was the largest empire in history. British influence can still be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former territories.
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Ur
Coordinates: 30°57′45″N 46°06′11″E / 30.9625°N 46.10306°E / 30.9625; 46.10306 Ur (Sumerian: Urim;Sumerian Cuneiform: 𒋀𒀕𒆠 URIM2KI or 𒋀𒀊𒆠 URIM5KI;Akkadian: Uru) was an important city-state in ancient Sumer located at the site of modern Tell el-Muqayyar in Iraq's Dhi Qar Governorate. Once a coastal city near the mouth of the Euphrates on the Persian Gulf, Ur is now well inland, south of the Euphrates on its right bank, 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) from Nasiriyah.
The city's patron deity was Nanna, the Sumerian moon god, and the name of the city is in origin derived from the god's name, URIM2KI being the classical Sumerian spelling of LAK-32.UNUGKI, literally "the abode (UNUG) of Nanna (LAK-32)".
The site is marked by the ruins of the Ziggurat of Ur, which contained the shrine of Nanna, excavated in the 1930s. The temple was built in the 21st century BC (short chronology), during the reign of Ur-Nammu and was reconstructed in the 6th century BC by Nabonidus. The ruins cover an area of 1,200 metres (3,900 ft) northwest to southeast by 800 metres (2,600 ft) northeast to southwest and rise up to about 20 metres (66 ft) above the present plain level.
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Uruk
Coordinates: 31°19′20″N 45°38′10″E / 31.32222°N 45.63611°E / 31.32222; 45.63611 Uruk (Cuneiform: 𒌷𒀔,URU UNUG; Sumerian: Unug; Akkadian: Uruk; Aramaic: Erech; Hebrew: Erech; Greek: Ὀρχόη Orchoē, Ὠρύγεια Ōrugeia; Arabic: وركاء, Warkā') was an ancient city of Sumer and later Babylonia, situated east of the present bed of the Euphrates river, on the ancient dry former channel of the Euphrates River, some 30 km east of modern As-Samawah, Al-Muthannā, Iraq.
Uruk gave its name to the Uruk period, the protohistoric Chalcolithic to Early Bronze Age period in the history of Mesopotamia spanning c. 4000 to 3100 BC, succeeded by the Jemdet Nasr period of Sumer proper. Uruk played a leading role in the early urbanization of Sumer in the mid 4th millennium BC. At its height c 2900 BC, Uruk probably had 50,000–80,000 residents living in 6 km2 of walled area; making it the largest city in the world at the time. The semi-mythical king Gilgamesh, according to the chronology presented in the Sumerian king list, ruled Uruk in the 27th century BC. The city lost its prime importance around 2000 BC, in the context of the struggle of Babylonia with Elam, but it remained inhabited throughout the Seleucid and Parthian periods until it was finally abandoned shortly before or after the Islamic conquest.
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Venice
Venice (Italian: Venezia [veˈnɛttsja] ( listen), Venetian: Venexia [veˈnɛsja]; (Latin: Venetia) is a city in northeast Italy sited on a group of 118 small islands separated by canals and linked by bridges. It is located in the marshy Venetian Lagoon which stretches along the shoreline between the mouths of the Po and the Piave Rivers. Venice is renowned for the beauty of its setting, its architecture and its artworks. The city in its entirety is listed as World Heritage Site, along with its lagoon.
Venice is the capital of the Veneto region. In 2009, there were 270,098 people residing in Venice's comune (the population estimate of 272,000 inhabitants includes the population of the whole Comune of Venezia; around 60,000 in the historic city of Venice (Centro storico); 176,000 in Terraferma (the Mainland), mostly in the large frazioni of Mestre and Marghera; 31,000 live on other islands in the lagoon). Together with Padua and Treviso, the city is included in the Padua-Treviso-Venice Metropolitan Area (PATREVE) (population 1,600,000).
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Virginia
Virginia (i/vərˈdʒɪnjə/), officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a U.S. state located in the South Atlantic region of the United States. Virginia is nicknamed the "Old Dominion" and sometimes the "Mother of Presidents" after the eight U.S. presidents born there. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay, which provide habitat for much of its flora and fauna. The capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond; Virginia Beach is the most populous city and Fairfax County the most populous political subdivision. The Commonwealth's population is over eight million.
The area's history begins with several indigenous groups, including the Powhatan. In 1607 the London Company established the Colony of Virginia as the first permanent New World English colony. Slave labor and the land acquired from displaced Native American tribes each played a significant role in the colony's early politics and plantation economy. Virginia was one of the 13 Colonies in the American Revolution and joined the Confederacy in the American Civil War, during which Richmond was made the Confederate capital and Virginia's northwestern counties separated to form the state of West Virginia. Although the Commonwealth was under conservative single-party rule for nearly a century following Reconstruction, both major national parties are competitive in modern Virginia.
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Wales
Walesi/ˈweɪlz/ (Welsh: Cymru;Welsh pronunciation: [ˈkəm.rɨ] ( listen)) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain,bordered by England to its east and the Atlantic Ocean and Irish Sea to its west. It has a population of three million, and a total area of 20,779 km2 (8,023 sq mi). Wales has over 1,200 km (750 mi) of coastline, including its offshore islands; the largest, Anglesey (Ynys Môn), is also the largest island in the Irish Sea. Wales is largely mountainous, with its highest peaks in the north and central areas, especially in Snowdonia (Eryri), which contains Snowdon (Yr Wyddfa), its highest summit.
During the Iron Age and early medieval period, Wales was inhabited by the Celtic Britons. A distinct Welsh national identity emerged in the centuries after the Roman withdrawal from Britain in the 5th century, and Wales is regarded as one of the modern Celtic nations today. Gruffydd ap Llywelyn was recognised as King of Wales in 1057. Llywelyn ap Gruffydd's death in 1282 marked the completion of Edward I of England's conquest of Wales. The castles and town walls erected to ensure its permanence are now UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Owain Glyndŵr briefly restored independence to what was to become modern Wales, in the early 15th century. Wales was subsequently annexed by England under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542 since when, excluding those matters now devolved to Wales, English law has been the legal system of Wales and England. Distinctive Welsh politics developed in the 19th century. Welsh Liberalism, exemplified in the early 20th century by Lloyd George, was displaced by the growth of socialism and the Labour Party. Welsh national feeling grew over the century; Plaid Cymru was formed in 1925 and The Welsh Language Society in 1962. The National Assembly for Wales, created in 1999 following a referendum, holds responsibility for a range of devolved policy matters.
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Warsaw
Warsaw (Polish: Warszawa [varˈʂava] ( listen); see also other names) is the capital and largest city of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River, roughly 260 kilometres (160 mi) from the Baltic Sea and 300 kilometres (190 mi) from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population in 2010 was estimated at 1,716,855 residents with a greater metropolitan area of 2,631,902 residents, making Warsaw the 10th most populous city proper in the European Union. The area of the city covers 516.9 square kilometres (199.6 sq mi), while the city's agglomeration covers 6,100.43 square kilometres (2,355.39 sq mi).
Warsaw is an Alpha- global city, a major international tourist destination and an important economic hub in Central Europe. It is also known as the "phoenix city" because it has survived many wars throughout its history. Most notably, the city had to be painstakingly rebuilt after the extensive damage it suffered from World War II, during which 80% of its buildings were destroyed. On 9 November 1940 the city was awarded Poland's highest military decoration for heroism, the Virtuti Militari, for the Siege of Warsaw (1939).
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Waterford
Waterford (from Old Norse: Veðrafjǫrðr meaning "ram fjord" or "windy fjord"; Irish: Port Láirge, meaning "Lárag's port") is a city in the South-East Region of Ireland. It is the oldest city in the country and fifth largest by population. Waterford City Council is the local government authority for the city. The population of the city in 2011 was 51,519; of which 46,747 lived within the city limits, and 3,465 lived in the suburbs in County Kilkenny. The metropolitan area figure is not official as it includes Tramore, Dunmore East, Passage East and Cheekpoint
Viking raiders first established a settlement near Waterford in 853. It and all the other longphorts were vacated in 902, the Vikings having been driven out by the native Irish. The Vikings re-established themselves in Ireland at Waterford in 914, led at first by Ottir Iarla (Jarl Ottar) until 917, and after that by Ragnall ua Ímair and the Uí Ímair dynasty, and built what would be Ireland's first city. A list of the city's rulers from this date to the mayors of the present day can be found in Rulers of Waterford. Among the most prominent kings of Waterford was Ivar of Waterford.
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Wells
Coordinates: 51°12′26″N 2°39′07″W / 51.2073°N 2.6519°W / 51.2073; -2.6519
Wells is a cathedral city and civil parish in the Mendip district of Somerset, England, on the southern edge of the Mendip Hills. Although the population recorded in the 2001 census is 10,406, it has had city status since 1205. It is the second smallest English city in terms of area and population after the City of London although, unlike the latter, Wells is not part of a larger metropolitan conurbation, and is consequently described in some sources as being England's smallest city.
The name Wells derives from the three wells dedicated to Saint Andrew, one in the market place and two within the grounds of the Bishop's Palace and cathedral. There was a small Roman settlement around the wells, but its importance grew under the Saxons when King Ine of Wessex founded a minster church in 704, around which the settlement grew. Wells became a trading centre and involved in cloth making before its involvement in both the English Civil War and the Monmouth Rebellion during the 17th century. In the 19th century, transport infrastructure improved with stations on three different railway lines.
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Wolverhampton
Wolverhamptoni/ˌwʊlvərˈhæmptən/ is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands, England. For Eurostat purposes Walsall and Wolverhampton is a NUTS 3 region (code UKG35) and is one of five boroughs or unitary districts that comprise the "West Midlands" NUTS 2 region. In 2004, the local government district had an estimated population of 239,100. Wolverhampton is part of the West Midlands Urban Area which had a population of 2.3 million in the 2001 census which makes it part of the second largest urban area in the United Kingdom.
Historically a part of Staffordshire, and forming part of the metropolitan county of the West Midlands from 1974, the city is commonly recognised as being named after King Wulfhere, who established an abbey in 659. The original name being from Wulfereēantūn = "Wulfhere's high or principal enclosure or farm" after the Mercian King. The name Wulfrun is used to denote a later nun who established a church in the city – for example, for the Wulfrun Centre or for Wulfrun Hall.
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Wrocław
Wrocław ( /ˈvrɒtswəf/; Polish pronunciation: [ˈvrɔt͡swaf] ( listen); German: Breslau [ˈbʁɛslaʊ̯] ( listen); Czech: Vratislav), situated on the River Oder (Polish: Odra), in Lower Silesia. It is the largest city in western Poland.
Wrocław was the historical capital of Silesia, and today is the capital of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship. Over the centuries, the city has been part of either Poland, Bohemia, Austria, Prussia, or Germany, and has been part of Poland since 1945 as a result of border changes after World War II. According to official figures for 2010, its population is 632,996, making it the fourth largest city in Poland.
Wrocław is one of the hosts of UEFA Euro 2012, and has been selected as a European Capital of Culture for 2016. In 2017, Wrocław will host the World Games, a competition in 37 non-olympic sport disciplines.
The city's name was first recorded, in Latin, in the form "Wrotizlava", in the chronicle of Thietmar of Merseburg, which mentions it as a seat of a newly installed bishopric in the context of the Congress of Gniezno. The first municipal seal stated Sigillum civitatis Wratislavie. A simplified name is given, in 1175, as Wrezlaw, Prezla or Breslaw. The Czech spelling was used in Latin documents as Wratislavia or Vratislavia. At that time, Prezla was used in Middle High German, which became Preßlau. In the middle of the 14th century the Early New High German (and later New High German) form of the name Breslau began to replace its earlier versions.
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Yekaterinburg
Yekaterinburg (Russian: Екатеринбу́рг; IPA: [jɪkətʲɪrʲɪnˈburk], also romanized Ekaterinburg) is the fourth-largest city in Russia with a population of 1,398,889 (2012). Yekaterinburg is situated in the middle of the Eurasian continent, on the border of Europe and Asia.
Yekaterinburg is the administrative centre of Sverdlovsk Oblast and the main industrial and cultural center of the Ural Federal District. Between 1924 and 1991, the city was named Sverdlovsk (Свердло́вск) after the Communist party leader Yakov Sverdlov.
Internationally Yekaterinburg is best known as a city where the last Russian Tsar Nicholas II and his family were executed in 1918.
The city was founded in 1723 by Vasily Tatischev and Georg Wilhelm de Gennin and named after Tsar Peter the Great's wife Catherine I (Yekaterina). The official date of the city's foundation is November 18, 1723. It was granted town status in 1796.
Soon after the Russian Revolution, on July 17, 1918, Tsar Nicholas II, his wife, Alexandra, and their children Grand Duchesses Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia, and Tsarevich Alexei were murdered by the Bolsheviks at the Ipatiev House in this city. Other members of the Romanov family were killed at Alapayevsk the day after. In 1977, the Ipatiev House was demolished by order of Boris Yeltsin, to prevent it from being used as a rallying location for monarchists. He later became the first President of Russia and represented the people at the funeral of the Tsar in 1998.
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Zócalo
The Zócalo (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈsokalo], plinth) is the main plaza or square in the heart of the historic center of Mexico City. The plaza used to be known simply as the "Main Square" or "Arms Square," and today its formal name is Plaza de la Constitución (Constitution Square). This name does not come from any of the Mexican constitutions that have governed the country but rather from the Cádiz Constitution which was signed in Spain in 1812. However, it is almost always called the Zócalo today. Plans were made to erect a column as a monument to Independence, but only the base, or zócalo, was ever built. The plinth was destroyed long ago but the name has lived on. Many other Mexican towns and cities, such as Oaxaca and Guadalajara, have adopted the word zócalo to refer to their main plazas, but not all.
It has been a gathering place for Mexicans since Aztec times, having been the site of Mexica ceremonies, the swearing in of viceroys, royal proclamations, military parades, Independence ceremonies and modern religious events such as the festivals of Holy Week and Corpus Christi. It has received foreign heads of state and is the main venue for both national celebration and national protest.
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Çatalhöyük
Çatalhöyük (Turkish pronunciation: [tʃaˈtaɫhøjyc]; also Çatal Höyük and Çatal Hüyük, or any of the three without diacritics; çatal is Turkish for "fork", höyük for "mound") was a very large Neolithic and Chalcolithic settlement in southern Anatolia, which existed from approximately 7500 BCE to 5700 BCE. It is the largest and best-preserved Neolithic site found to date.
Çatalhöyük is located overlooking wheat fields in the Konya Plain, southeast of the present-day city of Konya (ancient Iconium) in Turkey, approximately 140 km (87 mi) from the twin-coned volcano of Mount Hasan. The eastern settlement forms a mound which would have risen about 20 m (66 ft) above the plain at the time of the latest Neolithic occupation. There is also a smaller settlement mound to the west and a Byzantine settlement a few hundred meters to the east. The prehistoric mound settlements were abandoned before the Bronze Age. A channel of the Çarşamba river once flowed between the two mounds, and the settlement was built on alluvial clay which may have been favourable for early agriculture.
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Łódź
Łódź ([wut͡ɕ] ( listen); Yiddish: לאדז', Lodzh) is the third-largest city in Poland. Located in the central part of the country, it had a population of 742,387 in December 2009. It is the capital of Łódź Voivodeship, and is approximately 135 kilometres (84 mi) south-west of Warsaw. The city's coat of arms is an example of canting: depicting a boat, it alludes to the city's name which translates literally as "boat".
Łódź first appears in the written record in a 1332 document giving the village of Łodzia to the bishops of Włocławek. In 1423 King Władysław Jagiełło granted city rights to the village of Łódź. From then until the 18th century the town remained a small settlement on a trade route between Masovia and Silesia. In the 16th century the town had fewer than 800 inhabitants, mostly working on the nearby grain farms.
With the second partition of Poland in 1793, Łódź became part of the Kingdom of Prussia's province of South Prussia, and was known in German as Lodsch. In 1798 the Prussians nationalised the town, and it lost its status as a town of the bishops of Kuyavia. In 1806 Łódź joined the Napoleonic Duchy of Warsaw and in 1810 it had 190 inhabitants. In the 1815 Congress of Vienna treaty it became part of Congress Poland, a client state of the Russian Empire.
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Alexander the Great
Alexander III of Macedon (20/21 July 356 – 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great (Greek: Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ Μέγας, Aléxandros ho Mégas from the Greek αλέξω alexo "to defend, help" + ανήρ aner "man"), was a king of Macedon, a state in northern ancient Greece. Born in Pella in 356 BC, Alexander was tutored by Aristotle until the age of 16. By the age of thirty, he had created one of the largest empires of the ancient world, stretching from the Ionian Sea to the Himalayas. He was undefeated in battle and is considered one of history's most successful commanders.
Alexander succeeded his father, Philip II of Macedon, to the throne in 336 BC after Philip was assassinated. Upon Philip's death, Alexander inherited a strong kingdom and an experienced army. He was awarded the generalship of Greece and used this authority to launch his father's military expansion plans. In 334 BC, he invaded Persian-ruled Asia Minor and began a series of campaigns that lasted ten years. Alexander broke the power of Persia in a series of decisive battles, most notably the battles of Issus and Gaugamela. He subsequently overthrew the Persian King Darius III and conquered the entirety of the Persian Empire. At that point, his empire stretched from the Adriatic Sea to the Indus River.
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Chavín culture
The Chavín were a civilization that developed in the northern Andean highlands of Peru from 900 BC to 200 BC. They extended their influence to other civilizations along the coast. The Chavín were located in the Mosna Valley where the Mosna and Huachecsa rivers merge. This area is 3150 meters above sea level and encompasses the quechua, jalca, and puna life zones.
The most well-known archaeological site of the Chavín era is Chavín de Huántar, located in the Andean highlands north of Lima. It is believed to have been built around 900 BC and was the religious and political center of the Chavín people. It has been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The chief example of architecture is the Chavín de Huántar temple. The temple's design shows complex innovation to adapt to the highland environments of Peru. To avoid the temple's being flooded and destroyed during the rainy season, the Chavín people created a successful drainage system. Several canals built under the temple acted as drainage. The Chavín people also showed advanced acoustic understanding. During the rainy season, water rushed through the canals and created a roaring sound. The temple appeared to be roaring like a jaguar, a sacred animal. The temple was built of white granite and black limestone, neither of which is found near the Chavín site. This meant that leaders organized many workers to bring the special materials from far away rather than use local rock deposits.
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Civilization
Civilization (or civilisation) is a sometimes controversial term that has been used in several related ways. Primarily, the term has been used to refer to the material and instrumental side of human cultures that are complex in terms of technology, science, and division of labor. Such civilizations are generally hierarchical and urbanized. In a classical context, people were called "civilized" to set them apart from barbarians, while in a modern-day context, "civilized peoples" have been contrasted with primitive peoples.
There is a tendency to use the term in a less strict way, to mean approximately the same thing as "culture" and therefore, the term can more broadly refer to any important and clearly defined human society.[citation needed] Still, even when used in this second sense, the word is often restricted to apply only to societies that have attained a particular level of advancement-especially the founding of cities.
The level of advancement of a civilization is often measured by its progress in agriculture, long-distance trade, occupational specialization, a special governing class and urbanism. Aside from these core elements, a civilization is often marked by any combination of a number of secondary elements, including a developed transportation system, writing, standardized measurement, currency, contractual and (tort-based) legal systems, characteristic art and architecture, mathematics, enhanced scientific understanding, metallurgy, political structures, and an astronomical understanding.
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Edward Glaeser
Edward Ludwig "Ed" Glaeser (born May 1, 1967) is an economist at Harvard University. He was educated at The Collegiate School in New York City before obtaining his B.A. in economics from Princeton University and his Ph.D. in economics from the University of Chicago. Glaeser joined the faculty of Harvard in 1992, where he is currently (as of April 2012) the Fred and Eleanor Glimp Professor at the Department of Economics, the Director of the Taubman Center for State and Local Government, and the Director of the Rappaport Institute for Greater Boston (both at the Kennedy School of Government). He was also an editor of the Quarterly Journal of Economics. Glaeser's connections with both Chicago and Harvard make him a linkage between the Chicago School and the Cambridge School of Economics. Glaeser and John A. List were mentioned as reasons why the AEA committee began to award the Clark Medal annually in 2009.
He is the author of the book Triumph of the City: How Our Greatest Invention Makes Us Richer, Smarter, Greener, Healthier, and Happier, published by Penguin Press in 2011. According to a review in the New York Times, the book summarizes Glaeser's years of research into the role that cities play in fostering human achievement and "is at once polymathic and vibrant".
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George Modelski
George Modelski (born 1926, Poznan, as Jerzy Modelski) is Professor of Political science Emeritus in the University of Washington. Modelski has done work on long-term processes in global politics and economics, as well as the world urban macrodynamics and world system evolution.
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Jane Jacobs
Jane Jacobs, OC OOnt (May 4, 1916 – April 25, 2006) was an American-Canadian writer and activist with primary interest in communities and urban planning and decay. She is best known for The Death and Life of Great American Cities (1961), a powerful critique of the urban renewal policies of the 1950s in the United States. The book has been credited with reaching beyond planning issues to influence the spirit of the times.
Along with her well-known printed works, Jacobs is equally well known for organizing grassroots efforts to block urban-renewal projects that would have destroyed local neighborhoods. She was instrumental in the eventual cancellation of the Lower Manhattan Expressway, and after moving to Canada in 1968, equally influential in canceling the Spadina Expressway and the associated network of highways under construction.
Jane Butzner was born in Scranton, Pennsylvania, the daughter of a doctor and a former teacher and nurse, who were Protestant in a heavily Roman Catholic town. After graduating from Scranton's Central High School, she took an unpaid position as the assistant to the women's page editor at the Scranton Tribune. A year later, in the middle of the Great Depression, she left Scranton for New York City.
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Lewis Mumford
Lewis Mumford (October 19, 1895 – January 26, 1990) was an American historian, sociologist, philosopher of technology, and influential literary critic. Particularly noted for his study of cities and urban architecture, he had a broad career as a writer. Mumford was influenced by the work of Scottish theorist Sir Patrick Geddes.
Mumford was also a contemporary and friend of Frank Lloyd Wright, Clarence Stein, Frederic Osborn, Edmund N. Bacon, and Vannevar Bush.
Mumford was born in Flushing, Queens, New York, and graduated from Stuyvesant High School in 1912. He studied at the City College of New York and The New School for Social Research, but became ill with tuberculosis and never finished his degree. In 1918 he joined the navy to serve in World War I and was assigned as a radio electrician. He was discharged in 1919 and became associate editor of The Dial, an influential modernist literary journal. He later worked for The New Yorker where he wrote architectural criticism and commentary on urban issues.
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Max Weber
Maximilian Karl Emil "Max" Weber (German pronunciation: [ˈmaks ˈveːbɐ]; 21 April 1864 – 14 June 1920) was a German sociologist, philosopher, and political economist who profoundly influenced social theory, social research, and the discipline of sociology itself.
Weber was a key proponent of methodological antipositivism, presenting sociology as a non-empiricist field which must study social action through interpretive means based upon understanding the meanings and purposes that individuals attach to their own actions. Weber is often cited, with Émile Durkheim and Karl Marx, as one of the three principal architects of modern social science.
Weber's main intellectual concern was understanding the processes of rationalisation, secularization, and "disenchantment" that he associated with the rise of capitalism and modernity. Weber argued that the most important difference among societies is not how people produce things but how people think about the world. In Weber’s view, modern society was the product of a new way of thinking. Weber is perhaps best known for his thesis combining economic sociology and the sociology of religion, elaborated in his book The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. Weber proposed that ascetic Protestantism was one of the major "elective affinities" associated with the rise of capitalism, bureaucracy and the rational-legal nation-state in the Western world. Against Marx's "historical materialism," Weber emphasised the importance of cultural influences embedded in religion as a means for understanding the genesis of capitalism. The Protestant Ethic formed the earliest part in Weber's broader investigations into world religion: he would go on to examine the religions of China, the religions of India and ancient Judaism, with particular regard to the apparent non-development of capitalism in the corresponding societies, as well as to their differing forms of social stratification.
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Mesoamerica
Mesoamerica (Spanish: Mesoamérica) is a region and cultural area in the Americas, extending approximately from central Mexico to Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and northern Costa Rica, within which a number of pre-Columbian societies flourished before the Spanish colonization of the Americas in the 15th and 16th centuries.
As a cultural area, Mesoamerica is defined by a mosaic of cultural traits developed and shared by its indigenous cultures. Beginning as early as 7000 BC the domestication of maize, beans, squash and chili, as well as the turkey and dog, caused a transition from paleo-Indian hunter-gatherer tribal grouping to the organization of sedentary agricultural villages. In the subsequent formative period, agriculture and cultural traits such as a complex mythological and religious tradition, a vigesimal numeric system, and a complex calendric system, a tradition of ball playing, and a distinct architectural style, were diffused through the area. Also in this period villages began to become socially stratified and develop into chiefdoms with the development of large ceremonial centers, interconnected by a network of trade routes for the exchange of luxury goods such as obsidian, jade, cacao, cinnabar, Spondylus shells, hematite, and ceramics. While Mesoamerican civilization did know of the wheel and basic metallurgy, neither of these technologies became culturally important.
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Oscar Niemeyer
Oscar Ribeiro de Almeida Niemeyer Soares Filho (born December 15, 1907) is a Brazilian architect specializing in international modern architecture. In the 1940s, '50s and '60s "he established himself as one of Modernism's greatest luminaries," while he “reshaped Brazil’s identity in the popular imagination and mesmerized architects around the globe." During the 1950s while Brasilia was starting to develop, Oscar Niemeyer made incredible amounts of contributions to the country by designing many important buildings in Brasilia. He is a pioneer in exploring the formal possibilities of reinforced concrete solely for their aesthetic impact. He is currently 104 years old and still working.
Niemeyer is most famous for his use of abstract forms and curves that specifically characterize every one of his works; he didn’t stick to traditional straight lines, for he is not attracted to straight angles or lines but rather he is captured by ”free-flowing, sensual curves… [like that] on the body of the beloved woman.” He was able to design and build curved architecture through his revolutionary useage of concrete. His designs are daring: mixing innovation and courage, plastic freedom and invention. His buildings are often characterized by being spacious and exposed, mixing volumes and empty space to create unconventional patterns and often propped up by piloti. His work with concrete is described as elegant and harmonious. Oscar Niemeyer was able to connect the baroque style with modern architecture leading to a new form of architecture, which had never been built in Brazil before.
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Patrick Geddes
Sir Patrick Geddes FRSE (2 October 1854 – 17 April 1932) was a Scottish biologist, sociologist, geographer, philanthropist and pioneering town planner (see List of urban theorists). He is known for his innovative thinking in the fields of urban planning and sociology.
He was responsible for introducing the concept of "region" to architecture and planning and is also known to have coined the term "conurbation".
An energetic Francophile, Geddes was the founder of the Collège des Écossais (Scots College) an international teaching establishment in Montpellier, France.
The son of Janet Stevenson and soldier Alexander Geddes, Patrick Geddes was born in Ballater, Aberdeenshire, and educated at Perth Academy.
He studied at the Royal College of Mines in London under Thomas Henry Huxley between 1874 and 1878, and lectured in Zoology at Edinburgh University from 1880 to 1888.
Geddes wrote with J. Arthur Thomson an early book on sexology, The Evolution of Sex (1889). He held the Chair of Botany at University College Dundee from 1888 to 1919, and the Chair of Sociology at the University of Bombay from 1919 to 1924.
wn.com/Patrick_Geddes -
Paul Bairoch
Born of Jewish parents who emigrated from Poland, Paul Bairoch (b. Antwerp 24 July 1930, d. Geneva 12 February 1999) was one of the great post-war economic historians who specialized in global economic history, urban history and historical demography. He published or co-authored more than two dozen books and 120 scholarly articles.
After the war (his family migrated to Israel in 1949), Bairoch gained a bachelors degree by correspondence, intending to become an engineer but he turned to studying economic history in 1956 in Paris at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes. He obtained his doctorate in 1963 at the Free University of Brussels where he worked from 1965 to 1995. He was economic adviser to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) at Geneva from 1967 to 1969, professor at the Sir George Williams University (Concordia) in Montréal from 1969 to 1971 and on recommendation of Fernand Braudel became director of studies at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes from 1971 to 1972. In 1972 he was made professor of history at the University of Geneva. He retired in 1995. He was also visiting professor at Harvard and at the Collège de France (1983) and Doctor honoris causa at the ETH Zurich. From 1985, Bairoch directed a number of research projects on the world economy at a Centre for International Economic History in Geneva [1].
wn.com/Paul_Bairoch -
Peter Temin
Dr. Peter Temin (born 17 December 1937) is a widely cited economist and economic historian, currently Gray Professor Emeritus of Economics, MIT and former head of the Economics Department.
Dr. Temin graduated with highest honors from Swarthmore College in 1959 before earning his Ph.D. at MIT in 1964. Beginning in the 1960s and early 1970s he published on American economic history in the 19th century, including The Jacksonian Economy (1969) and Causal Factors in American Economic Growth in the Nineteenth Century (1975), as well as Reckoning with Slavery (1976), which was an examination of the slave economy and its effects. His papers of the 1960s would reflect intense empirical study as part of his working method, including composition of iron and steel products, which would later be part of his analysis of industrial development. He continued his study of 19th century industrialization with Engines of Enterprise.
Two of Dr. Temin's most cited conclusions in this area are on the relationship of labor scarcity to economic development, and the role of general equilibrium models in studying economic history. He would apply the conclusions drawn to his study of the business cycle in the 19th century.
wn.com/Peter_Temin -
Ranchería
The Spanish word ranchería, or rancherío, refers to a small, rural settlement. In the Americas the term was applied to native villages and to the workers' quarters of a ranch. English adopted the term with both these meanings, usually to designate the residential area of a rancho in the American Southwest, housing aboriginal ranch hands and their families. The term is still used in other parts of Spanish America, for example, the Wayuu tribes in northern Colombia call their villages rancherías.
The Columbia Encyclopedia describes it as:
In California, the term refers to a total of 59 Indian settlements established by the U.S. Government, 54 of them between 1906 and 1934, for the survivors of the aboriginal population. San Diego State University maintains a reference titled California Indians and Their Reservations: An Online Dictionary. It says:
The word migrated north with the 49ers to the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush in an adapted form, "rancherie". It survives in British Columbia as a somewhat archaic but still commonly used word, in rural areas and small towns, as well as in general First Nations English usage, meaning the residential area of an Indian Reserve. It especially means the historical residential area, as opposed to newer subdivisions. It was further extended to refer to other non-white residential communities, such as the Kanaka Rancherie in early Vancouver, British Columbia, which came to house the city's Kanaka (Hawaiian) residents. In an even more truncated form, the Ranche was used to refer to the Tlingit portion of Sitka, Alaska.
wn.com/Ranchería -
Richard Sennett
Richard Sennett (born Chicago, 1 January 1943) is the Centennial Professor of Sociology at the London School of Economics and University Professor of the Humanities at New York University. Sennett is probably best known for his studies of social ties in cities, and the effects of urban living on individuals in the modern world.
He has been a Fellow of The Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and of the Royal Society of Literature. He is the founding director of the New York Institute for the Humanities. In 2006 Sennett was the winner of the Hegel Prize awarded by the German city of Stuttgart, and in 2008 was awarded the Gerda Henkel Prize, worth 100,000 Euros, by the Gerda Henkel Foundation of Düsseldorf, Germany.
He is married to sociologist Saskia Sassen.
Richard Sennett grew up in the Cabrini Green housing project in Chicago, coming from a family of Russian emigres. As a child he trained in music, studying the cello and conducting, working with Claus Adam of the Juilliard String Quartet and the conductor Pierre Monteux. When a hand injury put an end to his musical career, he entered academic life. He trained with David Riesman, Erik Erikson, and Oscar Handlin at Harvard, graduating with his Ph.D. in the History of American Civilization in 1969. His intellectual life as an urbanist came into focus during the time he spent as a fellow of the Joint Center for Urban Studies of Harvard and MIT.
wn.com/Richard_Sennett -
Ruth Shady
Ruth Martha Shady Solís (b. 29 December 1946, Callao, Perú) is a Peruvian anthropologist and archaeologist. She is also the founder and director of the archaeological project at Caral.
Throughout her career, she has directed many different projects of archeological investigation on the coast, the highlands and the rain forests of Peru, placing emphasis on the study of the development of the complex socio-political organizations. She was director of the Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Antropología del Perú (National museum of Archaeology and Anthropology of Peru), and director of the Museum of Archeology and Anthropology of National University of San Marcos. She has worked at the Caral site from 1994 onwards and is credited with the discovery of the first known civilization of Peru; Shady has named the civilization after Caral, while the term Norte Chico has been adopted in English.
In 2001, Shady and others published radiocarbon dates from the site of Caral in the Supe Valley of Peru, indicating that monumental corporate architecture, urban settlement, and irrigation agriculture began in the Americas by 4090 years before the present (2627 calibrated years B.C.) to 3640 years before the present (1977 calibrated years B.C.). Caral is located 23 kilometers inland from the Pacific coast and contains a central zone of monumental, residential, and nonresidential architecture covering an area of 65 hectares. Caral is one of 18 large preceramic sites in the Supe Valley.
wn.com/Ruth_Shady -
Saskia Sassen
Saskia Sassen (born in The Hague, January 5, 1949) is a Dutch-American sociologist noted for her analyses of globalization and international human migration. She currently is Robert S. Lynd Professor of Sociology at Columbia University and Centennial visiting Professor at the London School of Economics. Sassen coined the term global city. She is married to the sociologist Richard Sennett.
Sassen grew up in Buenos Aires, Argentina, where her parents Willem Sassen and Miep van der Voort moved in 1950. She also spent a part of her youth in Italy and says she was "brought up in five languages."
From 1966, Sassen spent a year each at the Université de Poitiers, France, the Università degli Studi di Roma, and the Universidad de Buenos Aires, for studies in philosophy and political science. From 1969, Sassen studied sociology and economics at the University of Notre Dame, Indiana, where she obtained M.A. and Ph.D. degrees in 1971 and 1974, respectively. In addition, she obtained a French master's degree in philosophy in Poitiers in 1974. In January 2004, Sassen received the honoris causa degree in urbanism at Delft University of Technology.
wn.com/Saskia_Sassen -
Teotihuacan
Coordinates: 19°41′33″N 98°50′37.68″W / 19.6925°N 98.8438°W / 19.6925; -98.8438
Teotihuacan – also written Teotihuacán, with a Spanish orthographic accent on the last syllable – is an enormous archaeological site in the Basin of Mexico, just 30 miles (48 km) northeast of Mexico City, containing some of the largest pyramidal structures built in the pre-Columbian Americas. Apart from the pyramidal structures, Teotihuacan is also known for its large residential complexes, the Avenue of the Dead, and numerous colorful, well-preserved murals. Additionally, Teotihuacan produced a thin orange pottery style that spread through Mesoamerica.
The city is thought to have been established around 100 BC and continued to be built until about 250 AD. The city may have lasted until sometime between the 7th and 8th centuries AD. At its zenith, perhaps in the first half of the 1st millennium AD, Teotihuacan was the largest city in the pre-Columbian Americas, with a population of perhaps 125,000 or more, placing it among the largest cities of the world in this period. Teotihuacan began as a new religious center in the Mexican Highland around the first century AD. This city came to be the largest and most populated center in the New World. Teotihuacan was even home to multi-floor apartment compounds built to accommodate this large population. The civilization and cultural complex associated with the site is also referred to as Teotihuacan or Teotihuacano.
wn.com/Teotihuacan
City
Cast
- Valerie Harper
- Todd Susman
- Mary Jo Keenen
- Sam Lloyd
- Tyra Ferrell
- James Lorinz
- Liz Torres
- LuAnne Ponce
- Stephen Lee
- Shay Duffin
- Bruce Davison
- Harris Laskawy
- Hector Elias
- Estelle Getty
- Joe Mays
- Zsa Zsa Gabor
- Robert Petkoff
- Matt Roe
- Patrick Bristow
- Alissa Sullivan
- Theodore Bikel
- Thomas Ryan
- Season 1
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Episode 1: Pilot
OFM:35 mm...
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Episode 2: Family Business
OFM:35 mm...
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Episode 3: Another One Died on the Steps Last Night
OFM:35 mm...
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Episode 4: The Miracle at City Hall
OFM:35 mm...
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Episode 5: Your Park or Mine
OFM:35 mm...
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Episode 6: The Big Leak
OFM:35 mm...
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Episode 7: You Can't Bite City Hall
OFM:35 mm...
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Episode 8: Unfinished Business
OFM:35 mm...
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Episode 9: Love Among the Ruins
OFM:35 mm...
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Episode 10: Oil and Water
OFM:35 mm...
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Episode 11: Seems Like Old Times
OFM:35 mm...
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Episode 12: With a Song in Your Heart and a Knife in Your Back
OFM:35 mm...
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Episode 13: Just a Passing Dad
Last show of the series....
- City - The Church
- City - Church
- City - Primal Scream
- City - Jane's Addiction
- Biggi - City
- Ganz Leicht - City
- From Far Away - City
- Flugzeug Ohne Flieger - City
- Deutsch, Russsich, Englisch - City
- Der Optimist - City
- Der Alte Klempner - City
- Darf Ich - City
- Cinemahall - City
- Casablanca - City
- Bulgaria - City
- Berlin 2 - City
- Aus Der Ferne - City
- Amerika - City
- Am Fenster - City
- Dizzy - City
- Z.b. Susann - City
- Window - City
- Wie Du - City
- Schattenbilder - City
- Zieh Dich Aus - City
- Flieg Ich Durch Die Welt - City
- Wege - City
- Wand An Wand - City
- Wackelkontakt - City
- Verdeckte Aktion - City
- Unter Der Haut - City
- Unser Schuldirektor - City
- Fang An - City
- Top of the Line - City
- Steinzeit - City
- Stein Um Stein - City
- Sonnabendmittag - City
- Something To Tell You - City
- So Hoch - City
- Sisyphus - City
- Schalt Die Glotze Aus - City
- Rosen - City
- Rauchzeichen - City
- Pfefferminzhimmel - City
- Nur Rock'n Roll - City
- Noch'n Bier - City
- Nie Wieder - City
- Neongott - City
- Morgenmond - City
- Mir Wird Klat Dabei - City
- Meister Aller Klassen - City
- Marie Marie - City
- Mach Was! - City
- Love You - City
- Lieben Und Lieben Lassen - City
- Liebe Unterm Satellit - City
- Kontra - City
- Komm Und Trink Aus - City
- King Vom Prenzlauer Berg - City
- Keine Angst - City
- In Den Sturm - City
- Ich Singe Ein Rock 'n' Roll - City
- Ich Bin Ganz Auge - City
- I'd Better Slow Down - City
- Hundert Jahre Einsamkeit - City
- Halb Und Halb - City
- Glastraum - City
- City - Natalie Imbruglia
- City - Sara Bareilles
- City - Hollywood Undead
- City - Billie The Vision & The Dancers
- City - Beast
- City - JJ72
- City - Beauty's Confusion
- City - Paddy Casey
- City - Antigama
- City - Lo-fi-fnk
There, smoke turns into serpents in the air
Beware, there's no sanctuary anywhere
On this very spot, a great city once stood
It oozed with evil but it felt so good
Well I don't know
Where did it go?
And here, there's lots of method in their madness dear
And we're considering remaining here
In this very house a giant was born
With two angry eyes and one sharp black horn
Well I don't know
How could he grow?
The fountains gush wine
The chimneys spurt flowers
Where me and my friends pass the fleeting hours
Well yes and no
Where did they go?
Goodbye, there's no reason, there's no alibi
I'll try to write you a letter from the cyclone's eye
On this very day, a hundred years before
They opened up the future like it was a door
Well I don't know
Where did it go?
The towers stretch up, the spires spiral odd
Behind the vicar's gate, the sign, ";Beware of God";
Well I don't know
Where did he go?
There, smoke turns into serpents in the air
Beware, there's no sanctuary anywhere
On this very spot, a great city once stood
It oozed with evil but it felt so good
Well I don't know
Where did it go?
And here, there's lots of method in their madness dear
And we're considering remaining here
In this very house a giant was born
With two angry eyes and one sharp black horn
Well I don't know
How could he grow?
The fountains gush wine
The chimneys spurt flowers
Where me and my friends pass the fleeting hours
Well yes and no
Where did they go?
Goodbye, there's no reason, there's no alibi
I'll try to write you a letter from the cyclone's eye
On this very day, a hundred years before
They opened up the future like it was a door
Well I don't know
Where did it go?
The towers stretch up, the spires spiral odd
Behind the vicar's gate, the sign, "Beware of God"
Well I don't know
Everyone sees, diseased or broken
Holes in their arms, they got cocaine eyes
Self mutilation is self surveillance
Wanna get to heaven, you gotta die
Here she comes, here she comes
She's crawled out of a garbage can
Here she comes, here she comes
She's gonna waste another man
Ah, sick city
Gonna be the death of me
Ah, sick city
Gonna be my death, gonna be the death of me
Little Johnny Junk's, a subway pilot
He'll knife you in the head for Chinese rock
Catch a falling spike, ride a silver rocket
Score a body bag deal from the Vietcong
Here she comes, here she comes
She's crawled out of a garbage can
Here she comes, here she comes
She's gonna waste another man
Ah, sick city
Gonna be the death of me
Ah, sick city
Gonna be my death, gonna be the death of me
Your meat on a hook, in your own snuff movie
Tortue loop hallucination, nerves spliced
No inoculation from the viral program
There's spiders in your mouth, shoot insecticide
Here she comes, here she comes
She's crawled out of a garbage can
Here she comes, here she comes
Gonna waste another man
Ah, sick city
Gonna be the death of me
Ah, sick city
Gonna be my death, gonna be the death of me
Sick, sick, sick, sick city
Sick, sick, sick, sick city
Sick, sick, sick, sick city
Sick, sick, sick, sick city
In the city there is something to see
In the city there is nothing to breathe
I'm goin' 'bout my business
I'm wondering what I'm missing
And on my way home, I hid in my coat
Wrote my name on the city wall
Being famous
In the city there is a park bench you can sleep out on
The city there is a trash can you can eat out of
I'm goin' 'bout my business
Wondering what I'm missing
And on my way home a cop said "No"
I said "There is a man with a stick and a gun in his hand"
Being famous. . .
Red man in the city
Poor man in the city
Black man in the city
Fat man in the city
Red man
Black man
Fat man
Blue man
I don't know the rest of the words
Birgit war der Klassenstar,
alle waren auf sie scharf.
Selbst die Lehrer schauten hin,
wenn sie über'n Schulhof ging.
Damit war dann allen klar,
daß sie hier die Königin war.
Eines haben sie nicht gewußt,
sie war schwanger seit August.
Niemanden hat sie es gesagt
niemanden um Rat gefragt.
Auch die Mutter wußte nicht,
daß Biggi jetzt ein Baby kriegt.
Alles war jetzt schon zu spät,
weil die Zeit zu schnell vergeht.
Irgendwie muß sie's gestehn,
sie kriegt ein Kind und war
gestern selbst noch ein Kind.
Birgit war der Klassenstar,
alle waren auf sie scharf.
Eines haben sie nicht gewußt,
sie war schwanger seit August.
Und dann kam der große Krach,
Vater fragt: "Wer; hat's gemacht?"
Sie sagt: "Dizzy; heißt der Typ,
doch ich hab' ihn nicht mehr lieb."
Endlich sah der Vater ein,
Rausschmiß kann keine Lösung sein.
Ende Mai ist die Entbindung,
und im Juni Abschlußprüfung,
Wenn ich die Augen schließe
und steil nach oben schieße,
wenn ich die Arme breite
und in die weiße Wolke gleite ...
Ich kann fliegen. Ich kann fliegen.
Wenn ich mich aus den Angeln hebe,
den Freifahrtschein ins Blaue gebe,
wenn ich den Mut zum Absprung finde
und hinterm Horizont verschwinde ...
Ich kann fliegen. Ich kann fliegen.
Ich kann eben und ich konnte schon immer,
im Roggenfeld und im Wartezimmer,
an Erlaubnisschaltern und auf langen Bänken
nie anders als an's fliegen denken.
Und wenn dann immer wieder diese
Flügelschneider und Betonklotzgießer
behaupten, daß die Schwerkraft siege,
dann weiß ich's besser - denn ich fliege.
Ich kann fliegen. Ich kann fliegen.
Sometimes I wish I were like water
Sometimes fierce, sometimes kind
I'd be born in the mountains,
All the seas would be mine
Sometimes I wish I were the clouds
Sometimes black, sometimes white
When I cry, there'd come showers
I would blend with the night
La, la, lei ... till the end of the world (4x)
Sometimes I wish I were from Mars
Looking at you , staring down
I would flirt at you from far, far away
I would never let you down
Sometimes I wish I were in colours
Red and green, maybe blue
I would be like a rainbow
I'd keep smiling at you
Sometime I wish I were a flower
Maybe a rose of a daffodil
I'd waiting in the garden
For the day you'd pick me too.
La, la, lei ... till the end of the world (4x)
Sometimes I wish I were the stars
All alone, way up high
I will sparkle from far away
I will just be a guide
Nun bin ich wieder hier
und sicher hat es Gründe,
dass ich vor deiner Tür
zuerst mich selber finde.
Das war der gerade Weg
um ungezählte Ecken,
der Sprung vom Sonnendeck
ins leere Hafenbecken.
Refrain:
Nun bin ich wieder hier,
ein Flugzeug one Flieger.
Nun bin ich wieder hier,
bei dir, ein bisschen klüger.
Das war die Flucht nach vorn
mit dem zurück im Herzen.
Das war der jähe Zorn
mit seinen zähen Schmerzen.
Refrain
Das war der große Knall
die seelische Befreiung.
Und dieser klare Fall
bittet um Verzeihung.
Es ist alles verständlich, die Welt ist unendlich,
kein Sinn oder Plan: was aufhört fängt an.
Was groß wird und klein war, ist alles nur scheinbar,
ob drunter, ob drüber, bald ist es hinüber.
Es ist alles erklärlich, die Schwerkraft meint's
ehrlich,
was aufsteigt, fällt runter, es gibt keine Wunder,
nur rollende Räder und rollende Steine,
beschissen wird jeder, nur wissen will's keiner.
Es ist alles vergänglich, ob deutsch, russisch, englisch,
ob Krone, ob Laub - wird alles zu Staub.
Am Ende vom Leben war es das eben,
nur mal auf die Schnelle durch Himmel und Hölle.
Ob Lärm und Getue, am Ende ist Ruhe,
wir beißen ins Gras, das war's dann, das war's.
Es ist alles vergänglich, ob deutsch, russisch, englisch,
ob Krone, ob Laub - wird alles zu Staub.
Es ist alles vergänglich, ob deutsch, russisch, englisch,
es dreht sich die Welt, besteht und zerfällt.
Und falls es dich tröstet, danach gibt's die nächste,
Sag, warum läßt du uns jetzt im Stich,
ja, du warst doch immer ein Optimist.
Oder hast du uns was vorgemacht,
hast geweint, wenn du gelacht?
Ich hör deine Worte noch genau,
vorn das Licht, nach vorne schaun.
Deine Worte sind jetzt Phrasen
und für dich galt nicht der Schwur.
Denn beim ersten Sturm bricht kein Baum,
war Eine denn dein einziger Traum?
Deshalb legt man sich nicht gleich ins Grab,
das war überhaupt nicht deine Art.
Immer gabst du uns ein wenig Kraft,
ich weiß, woher du sie genommen hast.
Gabst du uns die Kraft, das fiel dir nicht schwer,
doch für dich reichte sie dann nicht mehr
und nun gehst du auf die große Fahrt.
Freunde gehen hinter deinem Sarg,
helfen kann dir heute keiner mehr.
Der alte Klempner war Faschist,
obwohl er doch nur Klempner ist.
Wir mußten uns nicht abgewöhnen,
daß festtags die Paraden dröhnen
und daß die hohen Stiefelspitzen
im Takt gezogner Säbel blitzen.
Das sind die guten Traditionen,
die uns Deutschen innewohnen.
Stramm geradeaus und glattgekämmt,
im frisch gestärkten Einheitshemd.
Der alte Klempner war Faschist.
Wer wird sich denn das Maul verbrennen,
statt ungefragt nach Haus zu rennen,
um zwischen Plüsch und Plunderkissen
zu wissen, was wir alle wissen:
Geduckt, geheuchelt, streng Partei
und nachher war man nicht dabei.
Der alte Klempner war Faschist,
Darf ich dir zu Nahe treten?
Oder komm ich ungebeten?
Darf ich mir und deiner sicher sein?
Darf ich dir das wasser reichen?
Deine Nächte rosa streichen?
Darf ich hoffen zäh und klitzklein?
Darf ich dir Geschenke bringen?
Über Tisch und Bänke springen,
nur damit du einmal wieder lachst?
Darf ich dich vor Schurken retten?
Darf ich mich so an dich ketten,
nur damit du einmal wieder lachst?
Darf ich dir die Wände küssen?
Deine Heimlichkeiten wissen?
Darf ich der sein, der dein Auto tankt?
Darf ich dein Fettnapf leeren?
Deinen Nabel ziern mit Beeren?
Jenseits von Eden, wo die Kraniche ziehn
überlebte ein Kino irgendwo in Berlin.
Im Sommer wars kühl hier, im Winter wars warm
und zur Matinee gabs Fliegeralarm
Gloria, Astra, Cinemahall,
Odeon, Alhambra, Kristall und Capitol,
Kassandra, Pandora, Apoll und Applaus-
hier flimmert die Welt und das Licht ging nie aus.
Die Leinwand hat Falten und der Vorhang hats schwer
die Luft steht still, das Klavier spielt nicht mehr.
Von der Straße gehts rein und nach dem Hinterhof raus -
hier flimmert die Welt und das Licht ging nie aus.
Jenseits von Eden, wo die Kraniche ziehn,
steht der steinalte Kasten mit Klappsitzen drin
und wem die Stadt eng wird, hier geht er hin,
ins Kino am Platz irgendwo in Berlin.
Gloria, Astra, Cinemahall,
Odeon, Alhambra, Kristall und Capitol,
Kassandra, Pandora, Apoll und Applaus-
hier flimmert die Welt und das Licht geht nie aus.
[Play it: as Time goes by]
[Play it for Harry, play it for me]
[Play it, Sam]
Er hat an ihr vorbeigesehn
Und ihm war kalt dabei
Kein Abschied macht es Ungeschehn
Spiel nochmal As Time goes by
Er hat sie nicht vergessen können
Das lächelnde Gesicht
War ein stilles Niederbrennen
Nie ganz ausgelöscht
Spiel nochmal As Time goes by
Play it again Sam, again and again
Play it again Sam, again and again
Play it again Sam, again and again
Play it again Sam, again and again
Casablanca - As Time goes by
Casablanca - As Time goes by
Wenn er die Zigarette ausdrückt und die Augen reibt
Sieht er wie sie ihm davonfliegt
Nur der Nebel bleibt
Er hat an ihr vorbeigesehn
Und ihm war kalt dabei
Kein Abschied macht es ungeschehn
Es war ein trüber Mai
Spiel nochmal As Time goes by
Play it again Sam, again and again
Play it again Sam, again and again
Play it again Sam, again and again
Play it again Sam, again and again
Travel along the centuries
Past the rotten empires
Where men have fought and died
Many tried to conquer,
Every try has failed
No one can bury pride
Arrows, stones and bullets
Many bitter blows
It couldn't pierce the soul
Mountains fill the landscape
Eastwards to the sea
Look the young girls dancing
Hear all the rhythm
You'll find your heart
Bulgaria
Bulgaria
She's the latest dancer
Here are the rivers
You'll find your heart
Have you seen the young girls dancing?
Have you heard the rhythm?
And have you found you heart?
Have you seen the mountain?
Can you hear me sing?
Hier hat's mich eingeholt,
hier muss ich sein,
hier hat's mich hergerollt,
wie eine Stein.
Wo der Morgenwind
durch die Linden fönt,
wo das Pflaster stöhnt:
Berlin!
Hier, wo die Stadt vibriert,
wie nirgendwo,
wo man den Kopf verliert,
so oder so.
Wo das Neonlicht
in mein Zimmer kriecht,
wo du bei mir bist,
da ist Berlin.
Einmal um die Erde und zurück,
überall dein Bild im Gepäck,
immer wenn ich durchdreh,
heißt die Sehsucht Heimweh.
Einmal um die Erde und zurück,
immer deine Atem im Genick,
spür ich Lust zu starten,
kann dich kaum erwarten:
Berlin!
Hier überm Hinterhof,
wo ich kampiere,
gibt's Frühstück auf'm Dach
mit Konfitüre.
Und im Milchkaffee
spiegelt sich die Spree
und deine Augen.
Du und Berlin!
Hier heb ich ab,
hier komm ich an.
Aus der Ferne
Manchmal wär' ich gern wie Wasser,
manchmal reißend, manchmal seicht,
in den Bergen geboren,
auch das Meer wäre mein.
Manchmal wär' ich gern wie Straßen,
harte Steine im Gesicht,
mein Rücken trüge Massen
auf dem weiten Weg zum Glück.
Manchmal wär' ich gern wie Wolken,
manchmal schwarz, manchmal weiß,
wenn ich weinte, würd's regnen,
wohin ich geh, blieb geheim...
Bis ans Ende der Welt....
Manchmal wär' ich gern wie Sterne,
ganz weit oben, allein,
glitzern würd' ich aus der Ferne,
nur ein Wegweiser sein...
Drüben in Amerika
sind alle Himmel blau.
Drüben in Amerika
sind schon die Babys schlau.
Drüben in Amerika
da wohnt Mickey Mouse.
Drüben in Amerika
in einem weißen Haus.
Drüben in Amerika
übern großen Teich.
Drüben in Amerika
Wird man beim Abwasch reich.
Drüben in Amerika
ist alles schwarz und weiß.
Drüben in Amerika
weiß keiner wie ich heiß.
Und ich - bin immer noch hier.
Drüben in Amerika
geht Schönheit auf'n Strich.
Drüben in Amerika
vielleicht warten sie auf mich.
Drüben in Amerika
auf einen Song von mir.
Drüben in Amerika.
Und ich - bin immer noch hier.
Drüben in Amerika
weiß keiner wie ich heiß.
Drüben in Amerika
Einmal wissen dies bleibt für immer
Ist nicht Rausch der schon die Nacht verklagt
Ist nicht Farbenschmelz noch Kerzenschimmer
Von dem Grau des Morgens längst verjagt
Einmal fassen tief im Blute fühlen
Dies ist mein und es ist nur durch dich
Nicht die Stirne mehr am Fenster kühlen
Dran ein Nebel schwer vorüber strich
Einmal fassen tief im Blute fühlen
Dies ist mein und es ist nur durch dich
Klagt ein Vogel, ach auch mein Gefieder
Näßt der Regen flieg ich durch die Welt
Dizzy ist knapp achtzehn
und ein ganz lässiger Typ.
Auf ihn fliegen alle Mädchen,
uh, sie finden ihn süß.
Es klappte auch mit Biggi,
sie war einfach dran.
Doch es hielt nicht ewig,
nur den Urlaub lang.
Hat sie fast vergessen,
doch da kam ein Brief.
Sie hat nie Pillen gegessen,
und daß sie ein Baby kriegt.
Seine Lehrlingsrente
ist nicht gerade stark.
Jetzt kommen noch Alimente,
das ist eine ganz schöne Mark.
Früher hatte Dizzy über alle gelacht,
die da sagten: Mensch gib ein bißchen acht.
Jetzt muß Dizzy erstmal die Lehre bestehen,
doch da bleibt das Leben ja nicht stehen.
Dizzy ist jetzt nicht mehr so, wie er mal war.
Irgendwie da wird ihm einiges klar.
Geht an alles jetzt ganz anders ran,
Ich kenn den Friedhof hinterm Gaswerk, wo's nach Teer und Efeu
roch.
Ich kenn den Wind beim Trümmerbunker und meinen Drachen seh ich
noch
verboten dicht am Schornstein fliegen, der sich zu Stalins Ehren
streckt.
Die Mauern, über die wir stiegen, warn grau und weiß vom
Taubendreck.
Berlin.
Da fuhren noch die Straßenbahnen bis an den Streifen
Niemandsland,
wo für die armen Zonenkinder ein Wanzenkino offenstand.
Heut seh ich vom Balkon bei Mutter da drüben den Mercedesstern,
Reklame für McDonalds-Futter und Türken, die die Straße kehrn.
In Berlin.
Am Dönhoffplatz traf sich die Clique mit Jumping Jack und Lucy
Sky.
Im Dschungel an der Hochbahnbrücke war Rudi auch noch mit dabei.
Was haben was von langen Haaren und viel von echten Jeans gewußt,
da ging die erste Liebe vom Frühling bis in den August.
In Berlin.
Seitdem brach Wohlstand aus den Poren und bunte Kacheln aus
Beton.
Es wurde manches neugeboren - so zum Beispiel du, Susann.
Once it's clear then this will last forever
Isn't a blissful frenzy condemning night
Nor is it a pain or simply candles glow
Dawn's grey is the halflight long chased away
Having pressed the feeling through and through
This is mine, is mine because of you
No more cooling brow against the window pane
When the heavy mist has freed its rein
Having pressed the feeling through and through
This is mine, is mine because of you
A bird cries O but he laughed the rain
Wet my feathers too flying through this world
Sie sah aus, wie du.
Und sie roch wie du.
Und sie fasste zu,
genau wie du.
Ihre Hand wie deine,
ging mir unter's Hemd,
aber sonst war alles
an ihr fremd.
Ich hab an ihr geleckt.
mit "Augen; zu".;
Und sie hat geschmeckt,
genau wie du.
Und ihr Saft wie deiner.
Hat mich überschwemmt.
Aber sonst war alles
an ihr fremd.
Wie du-keine ist wie du.
Komm zurück zu mir, drück'ein Auge zu.
Es tut mir leid, dass ich dich verwechselt hab'.
Ohne dich lieg'ich im Bett, als wär's mein Grab.
Sie griff einfach zu.
Direkt wie du,
sie war scharf wie du.
Und sie kam wie du.
Du, sie schrie wie du.
Völlig ungehemmt.
aber sonst war alles
Ich steh hier - du hinter mir
Ich seh dich - du mich nicht.
Manches Mal sprech ich mit dir
Doch du, du antwortest nicht.
Schattenbild, Schattenbild
Bin ich allein - nur du bist bei mir
doch du bist mir kein Trost.
Deine Bewegung gebe ich dir.
Du bist mein, mein Phantom.
Schattenbild, Schattenbild
Ohne Gefühl - Du bist stumm,du bist taub.
Ohne Gefühl - Du gibst nie einen Laut.
Ohne Gefühl.
Finsternis ruft dich fort,
Du verlierst mein Gesicht.
Tu nicht so, als gehörst du zu mir.
Dein Herr ist das Licht.
Schattenbild, Schattenbild
Ohne Gefühl - Du bist stumm,du bist taub.
Ohne Gefühl - Du gibst nie einen Laut.
So wie der Hund zum Vollmond heult,
so wie die Gier das Blut verbeult,
so soll es sein für immer
in unserem Zimmer.
Sobald es hinterm Auge pocht,
solang die Frage glimmt im Docht.
Woher wir stammen
sind wir auch zusammen.
Zieh dich aus, zieh dich aus,
zur Feier des Tages ganz nackt.
Was immer auc die Zukunft bringt,
du weißt nicht wie das Pendel schwingt.
Ob überhaupt je wieder,
vielleicht fällt es nieder.
Die Schönheit ist so messerscharf,
sie schneidet nur, was bluten darf.
Sie läßt sich nicht erweichen
Flieg ich durch die Welt
Alles schon gemacht - alles schon getan
Alles bis ans Ziel gebracht
Auf- und abwärts wie die Achterbahn.
Alles schon gehört - alles schon geseh'n
Alles in der Hand gehabt, weggelegt,
Vergraben und versenkt.
Alles war auf Leerlauf eingestellt,
Dann kamst du -
Jetzt flieg ich durch die Welt.
Immer obenauf - immer mittendrin,
Immer alles mitgespielt,
Immer auf der Flucht nach nirgendshin.
Immer mit der Angst,
Dass man was versäumt,
Dass, das plötzlich alles war,
Abgeräumt, verschüttet, ausgeträumt.
Manchmal spürt man, wie die Zeit anhält.
Dann kamst du -
Ich schöpfe aus der Quelle des Lebens,
tief hinein versenke ich meine Schale.
Wenn ich der Spiegel bin und Bilder male.
Fahl ist der Schein des Mondes in der Nacht
und es gleiten die Träume
auf dem Atem ihrer Macht.
Das Kleine im Großen
und das Große im Kleinen.
Die Dinge sind nicht immer, wie sie scheinen.
Ich bin der Weg und der Wanderer zugleich.
Arm und reich-der Lügner.
Und wahrhaftig auf eine Streich,
alles in ständiger Bewegung-es fließt.
Da ist mehr als du siehst.
Es sind nicht alle frei, die ihrer Ketten spotten.
Nicht alle Kälber wollen umhertrotten.
Soviel geredet und doch nichts gesagt.
Wer nicht denkt irrt sich oft.
Ahnungslos, wer nicht hinterfragt.
Refrain:
Ich bin der Weg und der Wanderer zugleich,
arm und reich.
Der Lügner und wahrhaftig auf einen Streich.
Viele Wege bin ich schon gegangen.
Und am Ende stand immer der Anfang.
Ich bin der Weg und der Wanderer zugleich,
arm und reich.
Der Lügner und wahrhaftig auf eine Streich.
Viele Wege werd ich noch gehen,
Die Dinge sehen und versuchen zu verstehen.
In die Tiefe will ich steigen,
denn im Abgrund wohnt die Wahrheit.
Nur die Fülle führt zur Klarheit.
Andächtig schwärmen ist leichter,
als gut zu handeln,
oder eben sich zu wandeln.
Der Geist allein haucht dem Leben Leben ein.
Bist du im Herzen ein Knecht
wirst du niemals frei sein!
Das Sein ist ein Spiel.
Der Weg ist das Ziel.
Alles für Alle, dann hat ein Jeder viel.
Was du sein willst, das werde.
Durch den Raum schwimmt die Erde-
wir sind gekommen, um zu gehen,
wurden geboren, um zu sehen,
dass wir uns um das Zentrum drehen.
Willst du das Leben, dann leiste die Tat.
Willst du die Früchte, so ack're die Saat.
Mein Bett steht zwanzig Zentimeter neben deinem.
Meine Lampe könnte gut bis in deine Stube scheinen.
Wenn du lachst, klingt es herüber wie aus einem andern Land.
Wand an Wand.
Wie du heißt, steht an der Klingel, und ich kenne deine Stimme
vom Guten Morgen an der Haustür. Manchmal höre ich dich singen.
Wenn du lachst, klingt es herüber wie aus einem andern Land.
Wand an Wand.
Wenn du nachts nicht schlafen kannst, drehst du dich zu mir
herüber,
und ich kühle deine Stirn und weiß nichts von deinem Fieber.
Und dieselben gelben Nelken welken von den Wänden.
Und du weinst, wie aus einem andern Land.
Wand an Wand.
Trotz nur zwanzig Zentimeter kriegen wir uns nicht zu fassen.
Wollen wir uns kennenlernen, müssen wir das Haus verlassen.
Wenn du lachst, klingt es herüber wie aus einem andern Land.
Du machst dich rar
Auf meinem Radar.
Du machst dich rar
Auf meinem Radar.
Die Ausicht macht promt,
daß sie weiterkommt.
Du machst dich rar
Auf meinem Radar.
Gefahr, Gefahr, Gefahr, Gefahr.
Dann ist deine Nähe
Wieder bunte Magie.
Dann ist deine Nähe
Wieder bunte Magie.
Macht mir weich Knie
Ich will Garantie.
Macht mir weich Knie
Ich will Garantie.
Wann bist du mir endlich erkenntlich?
Wann bist du mir nicht mehr unendlich?
Wackelkontakt, Wackelkontakt.
Du machst dich rar
Auf meinem Radar.
Dann ist deine Nähe
Wieder bunte Magie.
Liebe geht an und aus.
Liebe geht an und aus.
Wer hat dich auf mich angesetzt?
Du hast mich infiltriert.
Du hast mein Sperrgebiet verletzt
und du bist einmarschiert.
Du bist die Unterwanderung
und restlos subversiv.
Die Invasion am wunden Punkt,
der Griff in mein Archiv.
Du holst heraus was in mir steckt
du hast mich überrollt
geknackt, geködert, abgecheckt
und völlig umgepolt.
Du bist, was aus der Kälte kam,
verdeckt und provokant.
Kaum nehme ich dich in den Arm,
hast du mich in der Hand.
Wer hat dich eigendlich geschickt?
Verrat mir, wem soviel an mir liegt?
Wer, wer, wer,
wer läßt nicht locker, wer ist hinter mir her?
Die Liga harter Männer,
die quasi GPU?
Die Ratten und die Fänger
vom FBICQ?
Die Brüder aus dem Osten,
die Firma aus Wildwest?
Wer läßt sich das was kosten,
für wen machst du den Test?
Gaddafi, die Camorra?
Die Regenmantelcrew?
Die Republik Andorra
oder doch nur du?
Wer hat dich eigendlich geschickt?
Gib mir'n Zeichen, wem soviel an mir liegt?
Wer, wer, wer?
Du - ich spüre dein Gesicht
Du - ich spüre dein Gesicht
Du - ich spüre dein Gesicht
Du - ich spüre dein Gesicht
Du - mach die Augen zu
Du - mach die Augen zu
Du - mach die Augen zu
Du - ich spüre dein Gesicht
Unter der Haut, da stöhnt das Blut
so laut
Unter der Haut, da stöhnt das Blut so laut
Unter der Haut, da stöhnt das Blut so laut
Unter der Haut, da stöhnt das Blut so laut
Du - ich küsse deinen Mund
Du - ich küsse deinen Mund
Du - ich küsse deinen Mund
Du - mach deine Augen
Du - ich will dich ganz und gar
Du - ich will dich ganz und gar
Du - ich will dich jetzt total
Ich spüre dein Gesicht, ich küsse deinen Mund
Unter der Haut, da stöhnt das Blut so laut
Unter der Haut, da stöhnt das Blut so laut
Unter der Haut, da stöhnt das Blut so laut
Unser Schuldirektor kann nicht mehr
Tausende Verpflichtungen an ihm zehr'n
Nun sitzt er im Schulbüro
und geht langsam so k.o.
Unser Schuldirektor fühlt sich alt und schwach
Ungezählte Nächte liegt er wach
Und dann träumt er sehr diffus
Ja, dann packt ihn leis der Blues
Unser Schuldirektor denkt dran wie's früher war
Damals trug er selber schulterlanges Haar
Die Zeit, die rinnt wie Sand
Durch die Finger seiner Hand
Dann träumt er shr diffus
Du sagst du willst was schaffen
Was wirklch Großes
Du schleppst nur Nierensteine
Doch du nennst dich Moses
Du sagst du bist nah dran
Bist kurz davor
Also mach schon Mann
Und kau mir nicht am Ohr
Fang an, fang an, fang an, fang an
Fang an, geh ran, komm in die Gänge
Now is the time, here is the place
Bei den Sieger herrscht schon
mächtig Gegränge
Du sagst du wartest nur
Auf den entscheidenen Moment
Doch der entscheidet nie
Und die Sanduhr rennt
Die Gesellschaft ist Schuld
Und der äußere Umstand
Prophet im eigenen Land
He was my best friend, really like a brother
We had such nerve, it never failed
Used to be the fastest, we beat all the others
Noone there to challenge, they were all afraid
We traded in the first bikes, got a couple others
Sitting on the saddles, we started feeling power
Added more and more CC's, tried to find perfection
We could fly so fast we'd leave them scared for hours
Later when we finally bought the top of the line
Oh how those motorcycles filled up all our fantasy
Then it was too late, childhood behind
We were living in a speedworld ecstasy
40 - 60 - 80 dreams fell through
we saw the world in different colours
40 - 60 - 80 living in another world
we had the devil at our sides
40 - 60 - 80 not a single mile slower
we only saw the others behind us
40 - 60 - 80 we weren't stupid kids
we were the awesome new kings of every highway
Top of the line
Top of the line
80 - 90 - 100 and then came the end
I heard him cry and found the street was a sea of red
80 - 90 - 100 my best friend was dead
Now, the very next morning
Girl is kind of ashamed
Sorry about the boy last night
Wish he'd called her her name
Girl makes a decision
If she'll meet that boy again
Girl won't try to resist him
She'll kiss him again
Annas Mutter war vierzig, da kam Vater nach Hause,
nicht nach Stettin, Wittenberg war das jetzt
und lag rechts von der Elbe. Der Schutt war der selbe,
doch rechts von der Elbe war er russisch besetzt -
in der Steinzeit.
Anna war immer bereit in der Schule,
von der Mauer in Berlin hat sie kaum was gespürt.
Chrustschow war vergnüglich, der Sputnik vorzüglich
und die Fahne voran hat ihr sehr imponiert -
in der Steinzeit.
Anna blieb treu bis auf ein, zwei, drei Male.
Ihr Hochzeitsgeschirr ist heut noch wie neu.
Sie kommt gern auf den Kern und sie achtet auf Schale
und ruft man sie auf, ist sie wieder dabei.
Sie trägt ihre Mark auf verschiedene Märkte,
berät und beschließt in diversem Verein.
Sie hat alles getan, was erhöhte und stärkte
und hat immer gewußt, sie ist nicht allein -
in der Steinzeit.
Sie ist bei der Zeitung, da liest sie die Briefe
und antwortet drauf nach Regel und Maß.
Frohsinn macht Freude, heißt ihre Seite,
doch immer nur Frohsinn macht auch keinen Spaß.
Das merkt sie beim Anstehn, beim Fernsehn und Fremdgehn.
Sie liest ihre eigene Zeitung nicht mehr.
Sie ist geschult und geschieden und im Grunde zufrieden,
Bald ist sie vierzig und sie fürchtet sich sehr -
Stein auf Stein
Stein auf Stein...
Dieser Ritt übern Tag,
Noch ein Tritt, noch ein Schlag,
Du steckst sie ein,
Stark willst du sein,
Stark und härter als Stein
Wie ein rollender Stein.
Dieser Blick ohne Trost,
Noch ein Hieb, noch ein Stoß,
Du bist allein,
Stolz willst du sein,
Stolz und kälter als Stein.
Wie ein eisiger Stein
Wie ein Stein
Stein auf Stein
Und kein Meißel befreit
aus der steinernen Zeit
Erst eine Hand
Wärmt diese Wand
und macht Steine zu Sand.
Eine wärmende Hand.
Stein um Stein
Sonnabendmittag, da gehts los.
Langeweile ganz groß.
Er wartet drauf, das was geschieht
und im Fernsehen das ist nichts.
Hab so manches Wochenend
auch schon auf der Couch verpennt.
Jeden Tag das selbe geht ihm auf den Keks.
Heute muß doch endlich irgendwas passieren.
Und er startet die Motoren,
stellt 'n Bleifuß rauf aufs Gas.
Und dann dreht er ein paar Runden.
Erst ab 100 machts ihm Spaß.
Steht er auf der Straße rum,
das ist ihm doch selbst zu dumm.
Sonnabendmittag
Ob er in die Kneipe läuft
und sich wieder mal besäuft.
Langsam kommt es in ihm hoch:
Er haßt das Kaff in dem er wohnt.
Jeden Tag das selbe geht ihm auf den Keks.
Heute muß doch endlich irgendwas passieren.
Und er startet die Motoren,
stellt 'n Bleifuß rauf aufs Gas.
Und dann dreht er ein paar Runden.
Erst ab 100 machts ihm Spaß.
Aufm Rücksitz noch'n Mädel,
das dann in dem Kurven kreischt.
Ja er startet die Motoren und hebt ab.
Und hebt ab.
If I've got something to tell yoIf I've got
If I've got something to tell you
If I've got something to ask you
I pick up my guitar
And everything is so easy
I sing about rock and roll
I sing about rock and roll
I sing about rock and roll
and you'll understand
If I got something to tell you, girl
Tell you all about love and stuff
I pick up my guitar
And I don't need to say another word
I sing about rock and roll...
and you understand
I sing about rock and roll...
We sing about rock and roll...
We talk about rock and roll...
Wenn der Wind dreht, trifft mich der Rauch,
Worte im Wind drehen sich auch -
So hoch
Wörterdrachen aus blauem Dunst,
Sprüche aus Staub, sie trugen uns -
So hoch
Unsere Flügel waren aus Stroh,
Von müdem Papier und die Sonne schien -
So hoch
Dreh dich nicht um,
auch wenn ich schrei.
Irgendwann vielleicht
Hast du den Stern erreicht.
Doch nun bist du mir nur noch -
Zu hoch.
Muß ich eben ohne dich leben,
Mit nackten Armen und ohne zu schweben -
So hoch
Lang vorbei, daß du versprachst,
Komm und flieg mit, so zieh mir nach -
So hoch
Wenn der Wind dreht, trifft mich der Rauch,
Worte im Wind drehen sich auch -
So hoch
Dreh dich nicht um,
auch wenn ich schrei.
Irgendwann vielleicht
Hast du den Stern erreicht.
Doch nun bist du mir nur noch -
Ich bin der Sisyphus
In meiner Schule
Ich müh mich redlich
Und komm nicht zu Stuhle
Die Lehrer meinen
Ich hätte noch Reserven
Doch wenn ihr mich fragt
Das ist'n Gerücht
Ich bin der Sisyphus
das ist'n hartes Brot
Wenn ich'n Zeugnis bring
Sehn meine Alten rot
Ich wäre undankbar
und eine Schande
Ich pauke tierisch
Mir stehts bis zum Rand
Ich bin der Sisyphus
Und Vaters ganzer Stolz
Er paukt mir Mathe ein
Ich frage ihn was soll's
Er hört Vokabeln ab
Ich krieg 'ne Meise
Der ist ja schlimmer noch
Als all die Lehrer zusamm'
Ich bin der Sisyphus
Und weiß das eine nur
Gebt mir 'ne Arbeit
Und nehmt das Abitur
Ich wills nicht haben
Mir reicht 'n guter Job
Um euch zu zeigen
Komm ich von der Schicht nach Haus,
du machst den Klatihade draus.
Möchte dir gern was erzähln,
doch ich weiß das wird nicht weh.
Uh, du merkst es nicht einmal,
zwischen uns da stinkts total.
Und das Farbfernsehgerät
flimmert wieder ganz schön blöd.
Baby, schalt doch mal endlich die Glotze aus.
Baby,
Baby, mein Überlastungsschutz ist kaputt.
Baby, Oh unsere Liebe geht über Schutt.
Unsere Freunde kommen nicht mehr
das Fernsehen langweilt sie zu sehr.
Ja seitdem die Straßenbahn steht
sitzt du nur vor dem Gerät.
Ob in Farbe oder Schwarzweiß,
du siehst wirlich jeden Scheiß.
Baby, schalt doch mal endlich die Glotze aus.
Baby, sonst zieht mein Lied Sicherung raus.
Baby, mein Überlastungsschutz ist kaputt.
Baby, und unsere Liebe geht über Schutt.
Immerfort aber immer Thröne
und dazu 'nen bißchen Dröhne
Vielleicht kommt noch Kinderschwein
und das soll dann alles sein.
Wie kommt es das du nicht bei mir liegst
in dieser Nacht.
Weil mir dein warmer Körper fehlt
bin ich erwacht.
Ich habe mich an dich gewöhnt
wie an die Fee,
die aus dem Ring am Finger springt,
wenn ich nur dreh.
An den Wänden steht was ich weiß
und die Wände lehnen enger im Kreis.
Wirf doch die Rosen auf den Müll.
Dir war's zu wenig, mir wird's zu viel.
Passiert denn außer dir und mir
nichts auf der Welt.
Ich träume oft von Afrika
und Löwen vor meinem Zelt.
Ich sehe dich noch im weißen Kleid,
Blumen drumrum.
Das war ein Ding für die Ewigkeit,
doch die ist nun um.
An den Wänden steht was ich weiß
und die Wände lehnen enger im Kreis.
Wirf doch die Rosen auf den Müll.
Dir war's zu wenig, mir wird's zu viel.
Vorbei, vorbei, nananana ...
Wirf doch die Rosen auf den Müll.
Die Gardinen wehen leise,
seit du fortgegangen bist.
Casablanca, gute Reise,
der Abspann läuft vorbei und grüßt.
Wie im Bahnhofskino:
auf der Leinwand regnet's schon.
Einsam hocke ich im Bunker
ohne Ziel und Munition.
Und ich, und ich - gebe Rauchzeichen
von meinen Balkon!
Seit du fort bist, ist mir wieder so,
als wär die Zeit erfror'n.
Am Stadtrand wird die Nacht erschossen,
das Schweigen hockt im Telefon.
Und ich, und ich - gebe Rauchzeichen von meinem Balkon!
Der Morgen schmeckt nach Asche,
im Kino wechselt das Programm.
Nicht noch einmal "Play; It Again Sam",
heut' fängt "Spur; der Steine" an.
Das Beste kommt zur Zeit von Osten,
das ist die Gegend wo ich wohn'.
Im Foyer vom Leinwandhimmel, auf dem Wege ins Parkett
gibts was Süßes aus der Tüte, was zum Knabbern vom Tablett.
Dort nimmt sie vorm dritten Läuten ihre Handvoll Silber ein,
Sweetheart mit der kurzen Schürze, und sie will woanders sein.
Weg vom dürren Kokosläufer unterm Notbeleuchtungsschein,
aus der Luft von alten Sesseln will sie weg, sie will woanders
sein.
Ob nach Tara, nach Altlanta ist ihr dabei einerlei.
"Vom; Wind verweht" hat angefangen und sie will woanders sein.
Wo die Palmen sich verneigen, wo die Purpursonne weint,
will sie in die Gondel steigen und sie will woanders sein.
Wo die Palmen sich verneigen, wo die Purpursonne weint,
will sie in die Gondel steigen und sie will woanders sein.
Sie hat ein Zimmer an der Ecke, wo die Eisenbahnen schrein.
Kurzer Lichtschein an der Decke und sie will woanders sein.
Wenn die Leinwandsterne funkeln, packst sie Keks und Kleingeld
ein,
gönnt sich eine Liebesperle und sie will woanders sein.
Wo die Palmen sich verneigen, wo die Purpursonne weint,
Bin ich zu haus, ruhe mich aus
Das Radio dröhnt, das finde ich schön
Ja, dann hör ich mal richtig Musik
Stöhnt dann der Baß, da klapp ich fast ab
und ich weiß nicht, was es Schöneres gibt
Ja, dann kommt der Punkt so irgendwann
Da leg ich mir 'ne Platte auf
Nur ein Sound macht mich dann an:
Nur Rock'n Roll
Nur Rock'n Roll
Bin ich auf Tour, das kommt öfter vor
Vier Wochen und mehr, glaube mir das ist 'ne Welt
Spielt dann 'ne Band, in einer Stadt
Da fährt schon was ab
Und ich weiß nicht, was es Schöneres gibt
Ja, dann kommt der Punkt, so irgendwann
Da sing ich nur noch einen Song
Nur ein Sound macht mich dann an:
Nur Rock'n Roll
Wir haben alle Tage deutsches Vollkornbrot und Aromatee.
Wir haben selbstbewußte Mineralverluste und ein Haus am See.
Wir haben Hochglanzlack, einen Pachtvertrag und den Frühinfarkt.
Leben heißt Life - das macht den Drive.
Das macht das Flair, was will man mehr?
Noch'n Bier! Noch'n Bier!
Wir haben Vorsatzschützer, einen Softerhitzer und Neutralnitrat.
Wier haben Yup-Dep-Music und'n CAD/CAM-Drummer in den
Chip-Chop-Charts.
Wir haben Bubblegum, wir ham'n Schwabbelschwamm und'n
Schonprogramm.
Leben heißt Life - das macht den Drive.
Das macht das Flair, was will man mehr?
Noch'n Bier! Noch'n Bier!
Wir haben 6-6-6 goldne Löffel im Besteck und'n TV-Set.
Wir haben vakuumverstärkte Denkexperten und ein Kuschelbett.
Leben heißt Life - das macht den Drive.
Das macht das Flair, was will man mehr?
Noch'n Bier! Noch'n Bier!
Noch'n Bier und'n Korn!
Ich weiß noch ganz genau
wie deine Standpauke klang.
Du sagst ich tauge nur
für den untergang.
Ich weiß noch ganz genau
wie du mich ausgelacht hast,
dass ich nur Bahnhof versteh
und du die Züge verpasst.
Im Rahmen des Möglichen
hängt ein Bild von mir.
Ich find mich ziemlich gut getroffen.
Wie gafalle ich dir?
Komm, erlös mich aus der Pose,
mach mich wieder lebendig
und dann fall ich nicht von selber
für irgendwelche Damen aus dem Rahmen.
Nie wieder sollst du meinetwegen weinen.
Nie weider sollst du meinetwegen weinen.
Nie wieder soll die schwarze Sonne scheinen.
Nie wieder sollst du meinetwegen weinen.
Ich weiß noch ganz genau
wie gut das früher mal war.
Deine Haut Milch vom Mond.
Gold wie Venus dein Haar.
Ich weiß noch ganz genau
das war jede Sünde wert.
Alles lief wie von selbst,
Komm und tritt ein
Langsam in den Neonschein.
Was die dunkle Nacht verspricht,
Findet sich im Neonlicht.
Komm, komm, komm.
Rot, rot, so rot
strahlt der Neongott.
Er macht deine Augen weich,
Zeichnet Licht und Schatten gleich.
Neongott, Neongott.
Komm,komm es tut gut,
Denn die heiße Neonglut
Löscht die bittren Zweifel aus,
Wird ein bunter Traum daraus.
Neongott, Neongott.
Wenn er seinen Mantel nimmt,
Bist du ausgebrannt und blind.
Es ist nichts aus uns geworden
Als ein Morgen mit Kaffee,
Ein paar hergeholte Worte
Über Nacht. Man kennt die Sorte
Und vergißt sie, wenn man geht
Wo nichts ist, da kann nichts werden
Deine Tür schließt hinter mir.
Es ist kalt am Rand der Erde
Und von mehr war nicht die Rede.
Ist kein Wunder, wenn man friert.
Das ist der Morgenmond,
Ein Stein am Horizont.
Ein trister Morgenmond
Und unbewohnt.
Irgendwo stehst Du am Fenster.
Wir sind wieder irgendwer.
Vögel fallen aus den Nestern.
Heute ist ein Tag wie gestern.
Warum schaust du hinterher?
Das ist der Morgenmond,
Ein Stein am Horizont.
Ein trister Morgenmond
Und unbewohnt.
Es ist nichts aus uns geworden
Als ein Morgen mit Kaffee,
Ein paar hergeholte Worte
Über Nacht. Man kennt die Sorte
Und vergißt sie, wenn man geht.
Das ist der Morgenmond,
Auf meiner Stirn, da steht der Schweiß.
Es wechselt zwischen kalt und heiß.
Auch wenn ich schrei,
Trotzdem es ist vorbei,
Und meine Wände stürzen ein.
Dich lockt die Freiheit und nicht das Geld.
Du willst nicht mich, du willst die Welt
Du wirst jetzt gehn,
Auch wenn du mich nicht fragst.
Doch manches hätt' ich gerne noch gesagt.
Kontakt laüft nur noch übers Telefon.
Kontakt läuft nur noch übers Telefon.
Kontakt läuft nur noch übers Telefon.
Und mir wird kalt dabei.
Da, wo du bist, da ist dir warm.
Irina hatt den längeren Arm.
Schön' Gruß an Rudi
Und wenn du ihn siehst:
'Da dabben dudi dudi dei'.
Er war mein bester Freund
Fast so wie ein Bruder
Unser Jungenmut verließ uns nie
Schon mit unser'n Rollern
Hatten wir's geschafft
Keiner hat es je gegen uns gewagt
Die Roller wurden getauscht
Gegen ein schnelleres Rad
In den Sätteln spürten wir schon die
große Macht
Und dann kamen die Mopeds
Das war fast perfekt
Wir waren jetzt der absolute
Straßenschreck
Später als wir endlich
Auf'ner Trophy saßen
Als die Maschinen unsere Seelen besaßen
Da war es längst zu spät
Unsere Kindheit war aus
Wir lebten jetzt in einem
Geschwindigkeitsrausch
70 - 80 - 90
Träume wurden wahr
Wir sahen die Welt in
anderen Farben
70 - 80 - 90
Das war'ne andere Welt
Zu uns hatte sich der
Tufel gesellt
70 - 80 - 90
Das mußte stehn
Die ander'n haben uns nur
Von hinten gesehn
70 - 80 - 90
Wir waren doch keine Hasen
wir war'n die Könige der
Straßen
Meister aller Klassen
Meister aller Klassen
80 - 90 - 100
Dann war alles vorbei
Ich hörte nur noch einen
letzten Schrei
80 - 90 - 100
Mein Freund war tot
Er lag in einer Lache von
Blut
80 - 90 - 100
Die Lampe sieht aus wie die Sonne.
Die Tücher sind grün wie das Gras.
Zu oft gewaschen, sehr verblaßt.
Kein wirkliches Grün - aber fast.
Die Schwestern sind alle sehr sachlich.
Die Tücher sind grün wie das Gras.
Die Lampe sieht aus wie die Sonne.
Den Arzt hat sie gar nicht erfaßt.
Ging ganz präzise, alles ging glatt.
Nicht direkt bis ins Herz - aber fast.
Die Schwestern sind alle sehr sachlich,
Den Arzt hat sie gar nicht erfaßt.
Die Lampe tut weh wie die Sonne.
Die Tücher sind eine Last.
Du hast dich entschieden und das war's,
Du hast das bessere Gedächtnis
Du weißt genau, wann das war,
so Anfang September schätz ich.
Vielleicht war's auch ein and'res Jahr.
Da hast Du irgendwas erlogen
von wegen Studium und Quartier
und abends bist Du eingezogen,
Johanna wohnte noch bei mir.
Mach was, mach was ich lieb Dich ...
Du hast das bessere Gedächtnis,
das Du nicht angefangen hast,
klingt weiterhin verdächtig.
Ich glaube Du verwechselst das.
Du warst nicht wieder auszutreiben
und wie es kam war vorher klar.
Johanna ging Du konntest bleiben,
egal wie grob ich zu Dir war.
Mach was, mach was ich lieb Dich ...
Du hast das bessere Gedächtnis.
Du nagelst mich immer noch fest.
Du bist entsetzlich verläßlich.
Du bist, was keine Lücke läßt.
Du bist mein Datum im Kalender.
Du weißt noch wie das Wetter war
seit sieben Jahren unverändert.
Vielleicht war's auch ein and'res Jahr.
Baby, I love you
Honey, yes I really do
You know, I love with all my heart, hon',
With all my heart and with all my soul,
Yes, I really do
Darling, you've gotta believe me,
I love you
Sugar, I love you so,
With every bleeding drop of my heart
And if you would ever choose to part from me honey,
You know, you know it would shatter my heart
Baby, I've got to convince you
I've got to convince you that it's really true
That I love you
Down to the very tips of my toes
And if you would ever, ever, consider moving away from me hon
I will swear to you that wouldn't know where I would
ever, ever, ever, ever go
Sugar, don't you hear me calling
Baby, you've got to know that it's true
'Cause when I say that I love you with every bleeding drop of my heart baby
You know that every word is true
C'mon honey, believe that every word I say is true
And sugar come on and take me
You've gotta stay with me
Du kamst mir entgegen,
ich sagte nur ja.
Wir standen im Regen
und niemand war da,
außer uns beiden
auf dieser Welt.
Wir fielen so tief,
wie nur in Liebe man fällt.
Wir waren vor Nässe
schön wie das Glück.
Es wärmte die Nähe
und gab kein zurück.
Ich sah deine Augen
und wir fielen so tief,
wie nur in Liebe man fällt
Lieben und lieben lassen.
Glauben, hoffen und hassen,
zittern vor Glück und in kalter Wut
tun, was man doch aus Liebe nur tut.
Wir waren zwei Sterne
und waren ein Licht.
Wir zogen uns und hielten uns nicht.
Das Licht ist erloschen,
die Nacht erhellt.
Wir fielen so tief,
wie man nur in Liebe fällt.
Lieben und lieben lassen...
und sah meine Welt.
und wir fielen so tief,
wie nur in Liebe man fällt
Lieben und lieben lassen.
Glauben, hoffen und hassen,
zittern vor Glück und in kalter Wut
tun, was man doch aus Liebe nur tut.
Wir waren zwei Sterne
und waren ein Licht.
Wir zogen uns und hielten uns nicht.
Das Licht ist erloschen,
die Nacht erhellt.
Wir fielen so tief,
wie man nur in Liebe fällt.
Ist dir nicht auch so, als ob uns wer zuschaut
Grad wenn wir heiß auf uns sind?
Du sagst: wer soll uns denn zuschaun? Du siehst nichts.
Du sagst, du bist doch nicht blind.
Ich sag, es ist nur so'n Gefühl,
Nur so'n Kribbeln im Genick.
Wenn überhaupt, dann ist es gewiß
Kein gewöhnlicher Blick.
Ich geh auf'n Balkon und werf einen Blick
In den heimlichen Himmel hinein.
Am großen Wagen dort das fünfte Rad
Das muß der "coole;" Kollege sein.
Er streicht mit seiner Parabolantenne
Über den Leib meiner Frau.
Und ich steh daneben als wär ich k.o.
Und fühle mich fade und flau.
Liebe, Liebe unterm Satellit
Liebe, Liebe unterm Satellit
Ich geh zu Frau Doktor, denn ich fürchte das Ding
Bringt mich ganz um den Vestand.
Die sieht mich auf einmal so merkwürdig an
Und greift nach meiner Hand
"Sein; Sie leise und komm' Sie mit",
Flüstert sie und macht mich an,
Sie hätte im Keller einen Extra-Raum,
Wo er uns nicht sehen kann.
Liebe, Liebe unterm Satellit
Ich hab was gegen kalte Füße
Ich hab was gegen Prügelein
Ich hasse jene bittre Süße
Die haftet am Zufriedensein
Ich hab was gegen Angst und Lüge
Das Schweigen ist ein kleiner Tod
Und eh' ich mich in Demut füge
Schrei ich heraus, was mich bedroht
Ich habe was gegen Raketen
Die auf mich gerichtet sind
Ich habe Angst da hilft kein Bitten
Da hilft nur, daß wir einig sind
Ich hab was gegen Marionetten
Die einen Krieg heraufbeschwören
Die sich in dicke Bunker retten
Wenn die Menschen aufbegehrn
Ich hab was gegen Kriegsgewinne
Gegen diesen Judaslohn
Ich hab was gegen Pulverfässer
Und fühl, die Lunten brennen schon
Ich habe was gegen Raketen
Die auf mich gerichtet sind
Ich habe Angst da hilft kein Bitten
Das sie sich nicht meldet ist es doch gerade,
was schnell wieder wird, hält nicht lange, wär schade.
Je länger was dauert, desto schöner wird's später,
so ist das bei Frauen, das weiß doch jeder.
Und von wegen verlassen, stimmt auch nicht so ganz,
sie läßt dich in Frieden, und gibt dir 'ne Chance.
Denn sie liebt dich noch immer,
mach dir nicht's draus,
mach's nicht noch schlimmer,
komm und trink aus.
Das sie nicht's von dir will, ist gar nicht gesagt,
sie hat nicht umsonst nach dem Konto gefragt.
Das sie's gesperrt hat war auch nicht verkehrt,
sie ist dir teuer und du bist ihr was wert.
Das sie die Möbel verkauft hat, spricht auch dafür,
wenn sie zurück kommt, dann nur wegen dir.
Denn sie liebt dich noch immer, ...
Das sie woanders schläft ist nicht böse gemeint,
sie schläft jetzt mit mir, und ich bin dein Freund.
Stell dir vor, da stiegen noch andere drüber,
so bleibt's unter uns, und mir ist's auch lieber.
Du mußt mir nicht danken, ist doch normal,
bestell' noch'n Bier und erledigt der Fall.
Sie nennen ihn Nobi.
Er ist nicht groß, er ist nicht klein,
ziemlich stark, fast schon ein Mann.
Im zweiten Lehrjahr,
dort fällt er nicht auf,
er ist nicht gut, auch nicht schlecht,
na ja, so lala.
Er liebt Jeans und T-Shirts,
anders sah'n die Leute aus seiner Straße
ihn noch nie an der Ecke stehn.
Und mit seinen Kumpels frisiert er die Mopeds,
fährt um den Block.
Leute bleiben stehn,
sie sind geschockt.
Und in seinen Gedanken ist er der
King vom Prenzlauer Berg.
Und hat er mal Ärger
mit einem Typ, der sich maust,
setzt es bei ihm aus, zeigt er die Faust.
Er ist schon bekannt dafür, daß er gerne haut,
und man weiß genau:
wen er trifft, der steht nicht mehr auf.
Und so ist es im Klub geschehn
dort bekam er Streit
wegen einem Zahn,
und er führte sich auf wie Dschingis-Khan.
Und der Bruder Alkohol tat ihm dabei gar nicht wohl,
er hat nicht mehr gewußt, was er da tat.
Und in seinen Gedanken ist er der
King vom Prenzlauer Berg.
Als er wieder nüchtern war,
da fühlte er sich ziemlich allein.
Und seine Kumpels heizten ihm ein.
Denn auf Schläger stehn sie nicht
und langsam wurde ihm dann klar,
daß ihm der Thron genommen war.
Morgen werden sie's uns bringen,
morgen tönen die Schalmein
und man führt von allen Dingen
auch das letzte bei uns ein.
Dann kaufst du es dir auf Raten,
dann kauf ich es mir in bar.
Nächstes Jahr ist nicht mehr wichtig,
wie es hieß und was es war.
Morgen tönen die Trompeten,
morgen bieten sie es an:
Einen Firlefanz für jeden,
einen Furz für jedermann.
Morgen werden sie's uns geben.
Morgen wissen wir's genau.
Keine Angst vorm überleben.
Markseidank und Schrottvertrau.
Morgen tönen die Posaunen,
morgen brauchen wir es auch:
Einen Wegwurf zum Bestaunen,
einen umweltfreien Rauch.
Morgen tauschen wir den Schlittschuh-
gegen einen Tennisstar.
Hinterher ist nicht zu fassen,
daß es das gewesen war.
Morgen werden sie's uns bringen,
morgen tönen die Schalmein
Morgen tönen die Trompeten,
morgen bieten sie es an:
Morgen tönen die Posaunen,
morgen brauchen wir es auch:
Hinterher ist nicht zu fassen,
Wenn die Luft nicht mehr trägt
Und sich auf den Atem legt
Wenn mein Lied stehen bleibt
Und mein Wort nicht mehr steigt
Zieht die dunkle Wolke ein
Und um mich her
Wird nicht nur ein Regen sein
Regen so schwer
Wie ein Ring um die Stirn
Wird die Angst mich berührn
mit der Atemlosigkeit
In der Schweigezeit
Die mich duckt und vergäbt,
Die mich verweht
Bis mein Schädel widersteht
Und sich regt.
Und ich lauf in den Sturm
Wer nicht kriecht,wenn er fällt
Wer sich in den Regen stellt
Wer sich muckt und wer sich wehrt
Widersteht
Wenn ich meinem Mädchen was sagen muß
von Liebe und solchem Schmus
dann nehme ich meine Gitarre,
und sie versteht, ohne daß ich was sage.
Lass dich ansehen
Von Kopf bis Fuß
Zeig mir deine Haut als Glanz und Gruß
Ich bin ganz Auge
Ich bin ganz Ohr
Ein Glück wie du kommt nur im Märchen vor
Du hast nichts zu verbergen
Mach dir das mal klar
Du bist wie du bist, erwählt und wunderbar
Wink mir zu
Dass ich dir Wunder wirken kann
Jetzt, nicht irgendwann
Ich bin ganz Auge
Ich bin ganz Ohr
Ein Glück wie du kommt nur im Märchen vor
Ich bin ganz leise
Bin dir vertraut
Wenn du gestattest, küsse ich jetzt die Braut
Lass dich ansehen
Zeig dich ganz
Die Sterne stehen Kopf auf unsern Tanz
Ich bin ganz Auge
Ich bin ganz Ohr
Erzähl mir, dass ich dich noch nicht verlor
Deine Scheu ist mit heilig
Ich lass dir die Zeit
Ich warte bis dein Blick mir sagt ich bin bereit
Denke nie es war einmal
Alles fängt erst an
Glaube daran
Ich bin ganz Auge
Ich bin ganz Ohr
Ein Glück wie du kommt nur im Märchen vor
Ich bin ganz leise
Bin dir vertaut
Perhaps I'll be a flyer
Supersonic seals and speed
Drive faster, further, higher
The folks at home will never believe
The one thing that could stop me
From a chance with some renown
Is learning so I've got to start
Or these blocks will keep me grounded
Perhaps I'll be a fighter
My upper cuts the best they say
Boxing's biggest fighter
Better than Muhammed Ali
But when I start and dream about
Stepping in that ring
My heart pounds fast, I double sweat
And then I start this thinking,
Man, man , man, perhaps I'd better think again
My dreams are big but perhaps I'd better slow down
Perhaps I'll be a rock star
A spotlight suits me fine
The biggest, baddest rock star
The floors will all be mine
But now it seems to slip away
Although I really dig the scene
I tried so hard, I threw in words
I guess I'll be a singer
Man, man, man, perhaps I'd better think again
Damn, damn, damn, perhaps I'd better think again
Manchmal wünsche ich mir Stille,
Hundert Jahre Einsamkeit.
Ich nur und mein eigener Wille
lebten eine Zeit.
Fern vom Dröhnen der Gitarren,
Fern vom Aspaltstaub der Stadt
Spiel ich einmal nicht den Narren.
Ich wär stumm und satt.
Höchstens einer nur, der Blues
Teilte mit mir Brot und Bier.
Liefen dann auf allen Vieren,
Daß sich keiner verlier.
Doch ich kenne mich, die Stille
Triebe mich zu dir zurück.
Hin zum Dröhnen der Gitarren,
An manchen Tagen sage ich mir:
Die Hälfte ist rum und du bist immer noch hier
und nicht auf'm Mond und nicht unterm Gras,
noch immer hablvoll vor dem halbleeren Glas.
an solchen Tagen kommt es hoch :
Die Hälfte ist rum, worauf wartest du noch?
Halb und halb.
Manchmal ist gar nichts mehr komplett:
Nur noch halbsoviel Haare, eine Hälfte vom Bett
und halblaut kommts aus dem Radio:
Die halbe Menschheit krepiert irgendwo.
Halbgötter tanzen ums goldene Kalb,
so ist die Halbwelt - halb und halb.
Halb und halb.
Im halben Land und der zerschnittenen Stadt,
halbwegs zufrieden mit dem, was man hat.
Ich sah in meinem Traum heut Nacht
Ein Haus aus Glas
Ich selbst dadrinnen unsichtbar
Gefangen saß
Um mich herum da war
Über mir, unter mir war
Und auch ich selber war
Auch meine Haare - Glas
Und wenn ich durch die Wände sah
da waren Blumen im Gras
Doch wenn ich nur einen Schritt gemacht
Stieß ich schon gegen Glas
Gläserner Traum, wann wach ich auf
Gläserner Traum, wie komm ich raus
Gläserner Traum, wann wach ich auf
Und des Nachts als Mondlicht fiel
In mein Haus aus Glas
Merkte ich mein Schatten fehlt
Und es wuchs der Haß
Ich schlug die gläsernen Wände ein
Das Kristall zerbrach
Doch auch ich in Scherben fiel
Und am Boden lag
Gläserner Traum, wann wach ich auf
Gläserner Traum, wie komm ich raus
Had a dream
had a drowning dream l was in a river of pain
only difference this time
I wasn't calling out your name yeah
has it ended before it's begun
you hold on
and I try to run but
anybody heading in my direction
away from the city
anybody wanna
change the way they feel step inside
doesn't really matter where you wanna take me
away from the city
I wanna start again
I wanna start again
I wanna take it back
I wanna start again
funny how those friends forget you when you tire of their
games
you miss a show or a party that blows
and they' ve forgotten your name, yeah
and you wonder what you've become
they pull you back when you try to run
well anybody heading in my direction
away from the city
anybody wanna change the way they feel step inside
doesn't really matter where you wanna take me
away from the city
I wanna start again
I wanna start again
I wanna take it back
I wanna start again
I left the me I used to be
I wanna see this through
I left the me I used to be
if only you'd see it too
well I wonder what you've become
There's a harvest each Saturday night
At the bars filled with perfume and hitching a ride
A place you can stand for one night and get gone
And it's clear, this conversation ain't doing a thing
'Cause these boys only listen to me when I sing
And I don't feel like singing tonight all the same songs
Here in these deep city lights
Girl could get lost tonight
I'm finding every reason to be gone
There's nothing here to hold on to
Could I hold you?
The situation's always the same
You got your wolves in their clothes
Whispering Hollywood's name
Stealing gold from the silver they see
But it's not me
Here in these deep city lights
Girl could get lost tonight
I'm finding every reason to be gone
There's nothing here to hold on to
Could I hold you?
Calling out, somebody save me
I feel like I'm fading away, am I gone?
Calling out, somebody save me
I feel like I'm fading
No, no, no
No, no, no
No, no, no, no
Deep city lights, girl could get lost tonight
I'm finding every reason to be gone
And there's nothing here to hold on to
Let?s watch it burn
Let?s watch it burn
Let?s watch this city burn the world
Let?s watch this city burn
From the skylines on top of the world
Till there?s nothing left of her
Let?s watch this city burn the world
My body doused in ash with two empty cans of gas
The only evidence they have is a police sketch of my mask
And it's hard at times to ask if you could save my heart for last
And it's hard to face the facts when the darkness fades to black
It's not just make believe, when they make me take a seat
And they put amphetamines in the air and make me breathe
So come on and grab your children, look out for burning buildings
And villains who pillage, they're killin' by the millions
And billions of people die for a lost cause
So now I pray to my nation destroyed under God
It's the end of the world
All my battles have been won but the war has just begun
Let's watch this city burn
From the skylines on top of the world
Till there's nothing left of her
Let's watch this city burn the world
The city looks so pretty do you wanna burn it with me?
Till the skies bleed ashes and the fuckin' skyline crashes
They catch us with the matches and ignite the flame
And all the hopes of a youth deemed fuckin' insane
They say take the pill, in God we trust, go and kill
God loves us as in life, as in death, breathing till there is no breath
I will not die in the night but in the light of the sun
With the ashes of this world in my lungs
But who am I to say let's all just run away
Grab your saints and pray and we'll burn this world today
It's the end of the world
As in Heaven, as in Earth, we?ve been dead since our birth
Let's watch this city burn
From the skylines on top of the world
Till there's nothing left of her
Let's watch this city burn the world
Let's watch it burn
Let's watch it burn
The city looks so pretty, do you wanna burn it with me?
The city looks so pretty, do you wanna burn it with me?
The city looks so pretty, do you wanna burn it with me?
The city looks so pretty, do you wanna burn it with me?
We'll use the trees as torches, do you wanna burn it with me?
We'll flood the streets with corpses, do you wanna burn it with me?
We'll watch the city fuckin' bleed, do you wanna burn it with me?
And bring the world to its knees, do you wanna burn it with me?
Let's watch this city burn
From the skylines on top of the world
Till there's nothing left of her
Let's watch this city burn
Let's watch this city burn
From the skylines on top of the world
Till there's nothing left of her
Let's watch this city burn the world
Let's watch it burn
Let's watch it burn
This place ain’t familiar yet but I’m sure I could fit in here.
My neighbours stay up late at night.
I like this big city atmosphere.
On every wall around our block there are posters that I like.
There are major changes in the air.
I can feel it’s heartbeat pump.
And the wages I get from the cleaning job pays the rent but not much more.
But it’s a halftime job and the afternoons are free.
I think I like this city.
I think I like this city.
I can’t believe I’m here and that I don’t fear tomorrow anymore.
I think we might be headed for a great time.
So look at me, tell me what you see and give me a left cheek kiss.
If this is not called happiness I don’t know what it is.
So take a deep breath, tell me what you smell.
I smell a good time in my life.
If this is not called happiness I don’t know what it is.
I used to say I don’t believe in this.
Now it’s as obvious as a kiss.
I know what I’ve been waiting for and I am glad I’ve done my time.
I’m on a bicycle to the market place.
I got some music in my ears.
And every day I met people I know, almost all my friends are here.
The wages I get from the cleaning job pays the rent but not much more.
But it’s a halftime job and the afternoons are free.
It’s a halftime job and the afternoons are free.
It’s a halftime job and the afternoons are free.
I think I like this city.
I think I like this city.
I can’t believe I’m here and that I don’t fear tomorrow anymore.
I think we might be headed for a great time.
So look at me, tell me what you see and give me a left cheek kiss.
If this is not called happiness I don’t know what it is.
So take a deep breath, tell me what you smell.
I smell a good time in my life.
If this is not called happiness I don’t know what it is.
I think I like this city.
I think I like this city.
I think I like this city.
I'm a poor pilgrim of sorrow
Thrown into this wild world alone
No hope have I for tomorrow
I decided to make Heaven my home
Sometimes I'm thrown and driven
Sometimes I don't know where to run
I've heard of a city called Heaven
I've decided to try to make it my home
In a city called Heaven
I decided to make it mine
My mother's already in glory but
My father's still walking in sin
My brothers and sisters walk about me
The truth is sinking in
I've been good, I've been wicked, boy
Teach me to forget all that I know
I've heard of a city called Heaven
And that's where the hell I'm gonna go
In a city called Heaven
When I ramble down
In my paltry crown
I hear that things will change
But nothing will change
And you tumble down
In your tattered gown
They say things will change
But nothing will change
Through the loss, the pain
Oh the love you'll gain
Through the years of strain
Oh the life to gain
Through the loss, the pain
Oh the life
You can drink your wine
From your earthly vines
They say things will change
But nothing will change
Through the loss, the pain
Oh the love you'll gain
Through the years of strain
Oh the life to gain
Through the loss, the pain
Oh the life
Through the loss, the pain
Oh the love you'll gain
Through the years of strain
Oh the life to gain
Through the loss, the pain
Oh the love you'll gain
Through the years of strain
Memories
Are fading
You were once mine
Never unkind
A long sigh
A soft caress
Now a slience
An emptiness
I'm alone
Staring through
The past I knew
I miss you
Streets are empty
Space surrounding
Sighs soft lullabies
Blurred reflection
A passing perfection
Scarring deep inside
Need a place to hide
From the rain
The cold breeze
Brings you back to me
I smell you in the air
I'm broken beyond repair
Patience
In short supply
I can't replace you
I wouldn't want to try
I'm alone and maybe
It's what should be
Do you miss me
Isolation will repeat
I feel so incomplete
Streets are empty
Space surrounding
Sighs soft lullabies
Blurred reflection
A passing perfection
Scarring deep inside
Need a place to hide from the rain
Streets are empty
Filled with millions
Cold, with empty souls
Searching everywhere
Nothing's ever there
The night inside me grows
I disappear below
Streets are empty
Space surrounding
Sighs soft lullabies
Blurred reflection
A passing perfection
Scarring deep inside
Need a place to hide from the rain
Streets are empty
Filled with millions
Cold, with empty souls
Searching everywhere
Nothing's ever there
The night inside me grows
In the heart of the city
On a lonely Friday night
Well, you been walking in the shadows
While the rest walk in the light
Girls all look so pretty
The big ones and the small
But they don't look in the shadows
So they don't see your kind at all
You're just another lonely soul
Walkin' round this rock and roll, yeah
You're just another lonely soul
Walkin' round this rock and roll, yeah
Well, in the heart of the city
You got some money left to spend
Even the barman thinks you are funny
'Cos you came without a friend
You're just another lonely soul
Walkin' round this rock and roll, yeah
You're just another lonely soul
Walkin' round this rock and roll, yeah
This could be the night when it all comes together
If you let yourself get better
This could be the night the light shines down on you
You're just a little old country fool, yeah
This could be the night when it all comes together
If you let yourself get better
This could be the night the light shines down on you
You're just a little old country fool, yeah
You're just another lonely soul
Walkin' round this rock and roll, yeah
You're just another lonely soul
Walkin' round this rock and roll, yeah
You're just another lonely soul
Day After Day
Way Of A Struggle
Commercial Dishonor
Day After Day
Crawling And Bleeding
Disorientation
Madness
Stay Conscious, Slave
This Product Is Right For You
Brand New, Fresh Clean
Lay Down And Trust Me
Give All What You've Got
Disorientation
Madness
Serpent
Clock
City
Discharge And Command Me
The Truth
Aggression
This Wound Will Be Open Soon
tired of living this country life, its time to move up
from the south
it seemed to have something for us, but now it's time to
hit the bus
60 miles of where its at to finally get things back on
track
so cmon boy, just take us home
to the city, that's where we belong
things have changed but still the same, like bars and
crowds with different names
24 hour grocery stores where the kids hang out just like
before
is this the place that we are sure could be Paris, London
of Tokyo
boy it's great to be back home, the city that's where we
belong
boy it's great to be back home, the city that's where we
belong
the city that's where we belong
we need excitement from a change but that doesn't mean
that we will stay
the beginning feels like oh so great, but soon it turns
to just okay
see, I've known this place for much too long, I'm always
one to be moving on
but still it's great to be back home, the city that's
ALBUMS
RELEASE
ALBUMS
- Für immer jung
- Danke Engel
- Zu spät
- Es ist immer noch Sommer
- Sind so kleine Hände
- Lieben und lieben lassen
- Frei
- Das Schöne am Leben
- Quicklebendig (In The Death Car)
- Anker
- Bis Morgen
- Die 20 Gebote
- Flieg ich durch die Welt
- Wand an Wand
- Aus der Ferne
- Unter der Haut
- Weil die Erde eine Kugel ist
- Tamara
- Pfefferminzhimmel
- Sommerherzen
- Wen die Götter lieben
- Meister aller Klassen
- z.B. Susann
- Casablanca
- Little City Drummerboy
- Silberstreif am Horizont
- Weil die Erde eine Kugel ist
- In Zeiten wie diesen
- Meine Gegend
- Wer weiss...
- Tamara
- Lebenslang
- Schwestern & Brüder
- Weihnachtsstern
- Bummiland
- Wenn wir schlafen
- Sieben Tage lang
- Flieg ich durch die Welt
- Nachts wenn wir träumen
- Wie du
- Flugzeug ohne Flieger
- Heute
- Dünnes Eis
- Gestern
- Morgen
- Wege
- Fang an
- Für immer und immer
- Berlin 2
- Zieh dich aus
- Darf ich
- Nie wieder
- Ich bin ganz Auge
- Feuer im Eis
- So hoch
- Neongott
- Wackelkontakt
- Mir wird kalt dabei
- Schattenbild
- Liebe unterm Satellit
- Stein um Stein
- In den Sturm
- Hundert Jahre Einsamkeit
- Tu Was Du Willst-Live
- Kontra-Live
- Was Mich Trägt-Live
- Mach was
- Rauchzeichen
- Deutsch, Russisch, Englisch
- Tour d'Amour
- Ganz leicht
- Rosen
- Lieben und Lieben lassen
- Sehn - Sucht
- Komm und trink aus
- Laß mich in Deine Träume
- Wenn Ich könnte wie Ich wollte
- Sieben Söhne
- Am Fenster (single edit)
- Nachts in meinen Träumen
- Unter der Haut
- Cinema Hall
- Glastraum
- Window (Off Beat remix)
- Der King vom Prenzlauer Berg
- Amerika
- Aus der Ferne
- Mir wird kalt dabei
- Casablanca
- Pfefferminzhimmel
- Am Fenster
- Am Fenster (edit version)
- Der King vom Prenzlauer Berg
- Meister aller Klassen
- Aus der Ferne
- Something to Tell You
- Glastraum
- Unter der Haut
- Mir wird kalt dabei
- Casablanca
- Wand an Wand
- Z.B. Susann
- Morgenmond
- Dünne Luft
- Am Fenster (special version)
- Es ist unheimlich heiß
- Der King vom Prenzlauer Berg
- Nachts um halb eins
- Traudl
- Meister aller Klassen
- Am Fenster
- Mit mir
- Panama
- Sommerherzen
- Wen die Götter lieben
- Vater glaubte
- Endlosigkeit
- Auf den Knien meiner Seele
- Ich liebe dich
- Im Alter weise
- 1000 Striche
- Anassa lullaby
- Highwas zum Olymp
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Hollywood Undead - City
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:35
- Updated: 01 Feb 2013
Hollywood Undead Swan Songs Track 11: City Let's watch it burn Let's watch it burn Let's watch this city burn the world Let's watch this city burn From the sky over top the world Til there's nothing left of her Let's watch this city burn the world watch things turn to ash With two empty cans of gas The only evidence they have Is the police catch on my mask And its hardly time to ask If you can save my heart for last And its hard to face the facts When the darkness fades to black It's not just make beleive When they make me take a seat And they put amphetamines in the air and make me breath So come on and grab your children Look out for burning buildings And civillians who perish they kill them by the million And billionss of people die For a lost cause So now I pray for my nation thats destroyed under god (it's the end of the world) All my battles have been won But the war has just begun Let's watch this city burn From the sky over top the world Till there's nothing left in her Let's watch the city burn away The city looks so pretty Do you wanna burn it with me? Till the skies bleed ashes And the fuckin sky crashes We make ashes just with matches To ignite the flame And all the hopes of a young teen Fuckin insane stays the same Take the pill And go get drunk And go get killed Double dose Acid life and acid death Breathing till there is no breath I will not die in the night but in the light of the sun and the ashes of this world in my lungs But who am I to say Lets all ...
http://wn.com/Hollywood_Undead_City
Hollywood Undead Swan Songs Track 11: City Let's watch it burn Let's watch it burn Let's watch this city burn the world Let's watch this city burn From the sky over top the world Til there's nothing left of her Let's watch this city burn the world watch things turn to ash With two empty cans of gas The only evidence they have Is the police catch on my mask And its hardly time to ask If you can save my heart for last And its hard to face the facts When the darkness fades to black It's not just make beleive When they make me take a seat And they put amphetamines in the air and make me breath So come on and grab your children Look out for burning buildings And civillians who perish they kill them by the million And billionss of people die For a lost cause So now I pray for my nation thats destroyed under god (it's the end of the world) All my battles have been won But the war has just begun Let's watch this city burn From the sky over top the world Till there's nothing left in her Let's watch the city burn away The city looks so pretty Do you wanna burn it with me? Till the skies bleed ashes And the fuckin sky crashes We make ashes just with matches To ignite the flame And all the hopes of a young teen Fuckin insane stays the same Take the pill And go get drunk And go get killed Double dose Acid life and acid death Breathing till there is no breath I will not die in the night but in the light of the sun and the ashes of this world in my lungs But who am I to say Lets all ...
Owl City - Fireflies
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:54
- Updated: 01 Feb 2013
Music video by Owl City performing Fireflies. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 22880713. (C) 2009 Universal Republic Records, a division of UMG Recordings, Inc.
http://wn.com/Owl_City_Fireflies
Music video by Owl City performing Fireflies. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 22880713. (C) 2009 Universal Republic Records, a division of UMG Recordings, Inc.
- published: 16 Dec 2009
- views: 85198310
- author: OwlCityVEVO
M83 'Midnight City' Official video
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:04
- Updated: 01 Feb 2013
Watch the new M83 video for 'Steve McQueen here: youtu.be See the second part of the 'Midnight City' series - 'Reunion' here: youtu.be 'Midnight City' is available on the album 'Hurry Up We're Dreaming' OUT NOW: Buy Double CD: glnk.it Buy 12" Vinyl: glnk.it Buy on iTunes: glnk.it More here: ilovem83.com See M83 live ilovem83.com Directed by Fleur & Manu, this video is a tribute to Village of the Damned, Close encounters of the Third kind and other Akiras. No kids where hurt in the process! Executive production by Division (C) 2011 M83 Recording Inc. Under exclusive license to Mute for North America and to Naïve for the rest of the world
http://wn.com/M83_'Midnight_City'_Official_video
Watch the new M83 video for 'Steve McQueen here: youtu.be See the second part of the 'Midnight City' series - 'Reunion' here: youtu.be 'Midnight City' is available on the album 'Hurry Up We're Dreaming' OUT NOW: Buy Double CD: glnk.it Buy 12" Vinyl: glnk.it Buy on iTunes: glnk.it More here: ilovem83.com See M83 live ilovem83.com Directed by Fleur & Manu, this video is a tribute to Village of the Damned, Close encounters of the Third kind and other Akiras. No kids where hurt in the process! Executive production by Division (C) 2011 M83 Recording Inc. Under exclusive license to Mute for North America and to Naïve for the rest of the world
- published: 17 Oct 2011
- views: 21750691
- author: m83
Big Time Rush - City Is Ours
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:12
- Updated: 01 Feb 2013
Music video by Big Time Rush performing City Is Ours. (c) 2010 Sony Music Entertainment
http://wn.com/Big_Time_Rush_City_Is_Ours
Music video by Big Time Rush performing City Is Ours. (c) 2010 Sony Music Entertainment
- published: 23 Jul 2010
- views: 12301753
- author: BigTimeRushVevo
Washington city councilman walks out on council meeting because of citizen with CCW
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:03
- Updated: 01 Feb 2013
Washington city councilman walks out on council meeting because of citizen with CCW At last Tuesdays City Council meeting a citizen commented during the citizens comment period encouraging the City Council to support the Second Amendment and to help educate our children about firearms and firearm safety.
http://wn.com/Washington_city_councilman_walks_out_on_council_meeting_because_of_citizen_with_CCW
Washington city councilman walks out on council meeting because of citizen with CCW At last Tuesdays City Council meeting a citizen commented during the citizens comment period encouraging the City Council to support the Second Amendment and to help educate our children about firearms and firearm safety.
- published: 22 Jan 2013
- views: 238672
- author: WorldWorldTo
Owl City - When Can I See You Again? (From Wreck it Ralph)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:41
- Updated: 01 Feb 2013
To download this track and others from the Wreck It Ralph soundtrack visit - smarturl.it
http://wn.com/Owl_City_When_Can_I_See_You_Again?_From_Wreck_it_Ralph
To download this track and others from the Wreck It Ralph soundtrack visit - smarturl.it
- published: 26 Oct 2012
- views: 3548060
- author: OwlCityVEVO
Taylor Swift - Red (Live from New York City)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:48
- Updated: 01 Feb 2013
Music video by Taylor Swift performing Red (Live from New York City). © 2012 Big Machine Records, LLC
http://wn.com/Taylor_Swift_Red_Live_from_New_York_City
Music video by Taylor Swift performing Red (Live from New York City). © 2012 Big Machine Records, LLC
- published: 06 Nov 2012
- views: 4196492
- author: TaylorSwiftVEVO
Kowloon Walled City documentary (Part 1/4) + english subtitles
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:54
- Updated: 01 Feb 2013
Part 1 of a 1989 probably Austrian (maybe German) documentary on Hong Kong's fabled Kowloon Walled City. Originally uploaded by aveletrian. Subtitles added by yours truly. (C) 1989 Hawke Productions ltd
http://wn.com/Kowloon_Walled_City_documentary_Part_1_4_+_english_subtitles
Part 1 of a 1989 probably Austrian (maybe German) documentary on Hong Kong's fabled Kowloon Walled City. Originally uploaded by aveletrian. Subtitles added by yours truly. (C) 1989 Hawke Productions ltd
- published: 30 Jul 2010
- views: 407750
- author: tuschman168
Owl City - Fireflies (lyrics)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:47
- Updated: 01 Feb 2013
NOW ON TWITTER ! twitter.com so, follow me, :) & pleaaase SUBSCRIBEE ! and I'm sorry but my computer is messed up, so I won't be making videos for a while, but I AM still accepting video requests, and I will get those done asap, ! so once again, I'm sorry but please subscribe, :)
http://wn.com/Owl_City_Fireflies_lyrics
NOW ON TWITTER ! twitter.com so, follow me, :) & pleaaase SUBSCRIBEE ! and I'm sorry but my computer is messed up, so I won't be making videos for a while, but I AM still accepting video requests, and I will get those done asap, ! so once again, I'm sorry but please subscribe, :)
- published: 27 Sep 2009
- views: 17727392
- author: MegaLyricMania
Guns N' Roses - Paradise City
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:50
- Updated: 01 Feb 2013
Music video by Guns N' Roses performing Paradise City. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 3424935. (C) 1988 Guns N' Roses under exclusive license to Geffen Records
http://wn.com/Guns_N'_Roses_Paradise_City
Music video by Guns N' Roses performing Paradise City. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 3424935. (C) 1988 Guns N' Roses under exclusive license to Geffen Records
- published: 25 Dec 2009
- views: 40790931
- author: GunsNRosesVEVO
CITY Am Fenster
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:28
- Updated: 31 Jan 2013
City Am Fenster Live - Der Hit von ihnen!
http://wn.com/CITY_Am_Fenster
City Am Fenster Live - Der Hit von ihnen!
- published: 16 Feb 2008
- views: 1278087
- author: DerBrummbaer
Priyanka Chopra - In My City ft. will.i.am
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:46
- Updated: 01 Feb 2013
Music video by Priyanka Chopra performing In My City. © 2013 Interscope
http://wn.com/Priyanka_Chopra_In_My_City_ft_william
Music video by Priyanka Chopra performing In My City. © 2013 Interscope
- published: 30 Jan 2013
- views: 495850
- author: PriyankaChopraVEVO
GTA Vice City - Easter Eggs and Secrets
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 53:31
- Updated: 01 Feb 2013
GTA Vice City Easter Eggs and Secrets All the Easter Eggs and Secrets found in Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Music: - The Jump Bump- danosongs.com - Deep in Blue - danosongs.com - Flying While Weeping - danosongs.com - The Wire - danosongs.com - Cool Ride - audionautix.com - Magic Ghost - danosongs.com - What Da Funk - audionautix.com =================================== Game available on: Sony PlayStation 2, Microsoft Xbox, PC & Mac OS X Video recorded on: PC =================================== For more info and videos, visit: ● www.gta-series.com ● http ● www.gtaseriesvideos.com ● http
http://wn.com/GTA_Vice_City_Easter_Eggs_and_Secrets
GTA Vice City Easter Eggs and Secrets All the Easter Eggs and Secrets found in Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Music: - The Jump Bump- danosongs.com - Deep in Blue - danosongs.com - Flying While Weeping - danosongs.com - The Wire - danosongs.com - Cool Ride - audionautix.com - Magic Ghost - danosongs.com - What Da Funk - audionautix.com =================================== Game available on: Sony PlayStation 2, Microsoft Xbox, PC & Mac OS X Video recorded on: PC =================================== For more info and videos, visit: ● www.gta-series.com ● http ● www.gtaseriesvideos.com ● http
- published: 25 Apr 2012
- views: 1066529
- author: GTASeriesVideos
![Pitch Perfect: Trebles Finals: Bright Lights Bigger City/Magic [Official Soundtrack]](http://web.archive.org./web/20130204051427im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/NGFLZABNcJM/default.jpg "Pitch Perfect: Trebles Finals: Bright Lights Bigger City/Magic [Official Soundtrack]")
Pitch Perfect: Trebles Finals: Bright Lights Bigger City/Magic [Official Soundtrack]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:35
- Updated: 01 Feb 2013
Pitch Perfect: Trebles Finals: Bright Lights Bigger City/Magic [Official Soundtrack]
http://wn.com/Pitch_Perfect_Trebles_Finals_Bright_Lights_Bigger_City_Magic_Official_Soundtrack_
Pitch Perfect: Trebles Finals: Bright Lights Bigger City/Magic [Official Soundtrack]
- published: 11 Oct 2012
- views: 2122760
- author: arsenal1b
Batman: Arkham City Armored Edition - Wii U Walkthrough - Harley Quinn's Revenge Episode 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:00
- Updated: 01 Feb 2013
Batman: Arkham City Armored Edition "Harley Quinn's Revenge" First Mission Walkthrough Video in High Definition Batman: Arkham City Armored Edition (Wii U) Playlist: www.youtube.com =================================== Harley Quinn's Revenge: Episode 1 Character: Robin Location: Shipyard Primary Objective: Investigate the disappearance of Batman. He was rescuing the GCPD officers from Harley Quinn when contact was lost. =================================== Game available on: Sony PlayStation 3, Microsoft Xbox 360, PC, Mac OS X & Nintendo Wii U (Armored Edition) Video recorded on: Nintendo Wii U =================================== For more info and videos, visit: ● www.youtube.com ● www.batman-arkham.com ● http
http://wn.com/Batman_Arkham_City_Armored_Edition_Wii_U_Walkthrough_Harley_Quinn's_Revenge_Episode_1
Batman: Arkham City Armored Edition "Harley Quinn's Revenge" First Mission Walkthrough Video in High Definition Batman: Arkham City Armored Edition (Wii U) Playlist: www.youtube.com =================================== Harley Quinn's Revenge: Episode 1 Character: Robin Location: Shipyard Primary Objective: Investigate the disappearance of Batman. He was rescuing the GCPD officers from Harley Quinn when contact was lost. =================================== Game available on: Sony PlayStation 3, Microsoft Xbox 360, PC, Mac OS X & Nintendo Wii U (Armored Edition) Video recorded on: Nintendo Wii U =================================== For more info and videos, visit: ● www.youtube.com ● www.batman-arkham.com ● http
- published: 12 Jan 2013
- views: 35364
- author: BatmanArkhamVideos
Hannah Plays! - Batman: Arkham City 1 - Insertion
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:44
- Updated: 31 Jan 2013
Hannah sets out on an epic quest - it's BATMAN TIME!
http://wn.com/Hannah_Plays!_Batman_Arkham_City_1_Insertion
Hannah sets out on an epic quest - it's BATMAN TIME!
- published: 29 Oct 2011
- views: 676294
- author: yogscast2
![Batman: Arkham City - Conversations [Part 3]](http://web.archive.org./web/20130204051427im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/JvXnAhDHXTc/default.jpg "Batman: Arkham City - Conversations [Part 3]")
Batman: Arkham City - Conversations [Part 3]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:28
- Updated: 01 Feb 2013
Batman: Arkham City Conversations Video (Part 3) in High Definition This is a collection of all the unique conversations from thugs you can hear in Batman: Arkham City. Batman: Arkham City Conversations Playlist: www.youtube.com =================================== 0:03 - Conversation #31: "Wham! Gotcha!" 1:08 - Conversation #32: "Like he ever looks normal" 2:11 - Conversation #33: "Be quiet, Harley" 2:31 - Conversation #34: "Then I get a ride on the Harley" 4:16 - Conversation #35: "I took photos" 5:15 - Conversation #36: "A suicide note" 6:03 - Conversation #37: "Gas leak" 6:57 - Conversation #38: "He's behind you" 8:06 - Conversation #39: "There's something wrong with it" 9:02 - Conversation #40: "High Five moments" 9:54 - Conversation #41: "We're going to need a bigger car" 11:24 - Conversation #42: "We could run the gang" 12:14 - Conversation #43: "We beat 'em some more" 12:51 - Conversation #44: "You're gonna be works of art" 13:41 - Conversation #45: "It's good to be on the winning side" =================================== Game available on: Sony PlayStation 3, Microsoft Xbox 360 & PC Video recorded on: PC =================================== For more info and videos, visit: ● www.youtube.com ● www.batman-arkham.com ● http
http://wn.com/Batman_Arkham_City_Conversations_Part_3_
Batman: Arkham City Conversations Video (Part 3) in High Definition This is a collection of all the unique conversations from thugs you can hear in Batman: Arkham City. Batman: Arkham City Conversations Playlist: www.youtube.com =================================== 0:03 - Conversation #31: "Wham! Gotcha!" 1:08 - Conversation #32: "Like he ever looks normal" 2:11 - Conversation #33: "Be quiet, Harley" 2:31 - Conversation #34: "Then I get a ride on the Harley" 4:16 - Conversation #35: "I took photos" 5:15 - Conversation #36: "A suicide note" 6:03 - Conversation #37: "Gas leak" 6:57 - Conversation #38: "He's behind you" 8:06 - Conversation #39: "There's something wrong with it" 9:02 - Conversation #40: "High Five moments" 9:54 - Conversation #41: "We're going to need a bigger car" 11:24 - Conversation #42: "We could run the gang" 12:14 - Conversation #43: "We beat 'em some more" 12:51 - Conversation #44: "You're gonna be works of art" 13:41 - Conversation #45: "It's good to be on the winning side" =================================== Game available on: Sony PlayStation 3, Microsoft Xbox 360 & PC Video recorded on: PC =================================== For more info and videos, visit: ● www.youtube.com ● www.batman-arkham.com ● http
- published: 24 Jun 2012
- views: 48039
- author: BatmanArkhamVideos
BATMAN ARKHAM CITY - Solomon Grundy born on a MONDAY...
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 30:56
- Updated: 01 Feb 2013
Batman Arkham City "Stealth Gameplay" with Commentary. Don't forget to Rate,Comment and Subscribe, thanks very much. This Batman Arkham City episode covers Kwing's Museum Revenge & Boss battles against Penguin & Solomon Grundy. Also Batman trail's one Ra's ladies, with some help from Robin. Batman Arkham City Playlist - www.youtube.com Add me if you want - www.facebook.com twitter.com Batman Arkham City Walkthrough PS3 360 Guide Full Story Playthrough GCPD Penguin Museum Stealth gameplay help howto commentary Catwoman Twoface Joker Robin Nightwing Dark Knight Rises Videogame WB Kwing Reviews Knightwing01Stealth combat fighting "Batman" COMICS Shadows Night Radar Jamming Bat computer Titan Formula
http://wn.com/BATMAN_ARKHAM_CITY_Solomon_Grundy_born_on_a_MONDAY
Batman Arkham City "Stealth Gameplay" with Commentary. Don't forget to Rate,Comment and Subscribe, thanks very much. This Batman Arkham City episode covers Kwing's Museum Revenge & Boss battles against Penguin & Solomon Grundy. Also Batman trail's one Ra's ladies, with some help from Robin. Batman Arkham City Playlist - www.youtube.com Add me if you want - www.facebook.com twitter.com Batman Arkham City Walkthrough PS3 360 Guide Full Story Playthrough GCPD Penguin Museum Stealth gameplay help howto commentary Catwoman Twoface Joker Robin Nightwing Dark Knight Rises Videogame WB Kwing Reviews Knightwing01Stealth combat fighting "Batman" COMICS Shadows Night Radar Jamming Bat computer Titan Formula
- published: 29 Oct 2011
- views: 92503
- author: kNIGHTWING01
Skyrim DLC on PS3, Sim City Beta & No More DualShock?! - IGN Daily Fix 01.18.13
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:14
- Updated: 01 Feb 2013
Skyrim DLC finally coming to PS3; Sim City beta incoming; Sony may ditch the DualShock controller; DLC news for Far Cry 3 and ACIII. SKYRIM DLC COMING TO PS3 www.ign.com SIM CITY BETA INCOMING www.ign.com SONY DITCHING DUALSHOCK? www.ign.com DLC GALORE Far Cry 3 DLC Bundle www.ign.com ACIII DLC for Wii U www.ign.com NO DEMO FOR TOMB RAIDER www.ign.com WII U RELEASE WINDOWS www.ign.com FRIDAY GIVEAWAY! (Crystal White PS3 Instant Game Collection Bundle) Skyrim DLC on PS3, Sim City Beta & No More DualShock?! - IGN Daily Fix 01.18.13
http://wn.com/Skyrim_DLC_on_PS3,_Sim_City_Beta_No_More_DualShock?!_IGN_Daily_Fix_011813
Skyrim DLC finally coming to PS3; Sim City beta incoming; Sony may ditch the DualShock controller; DLC news for Far Cry 3 and ACIII. SKYRIM DLC COMING TO PS3 www.ign.com SIM CITY BETA INCOMING www.ign.com SONY DITCHING DUALSHOCK? www.ign.com DLC GALORE Far Cry 3 DLC Bundle www.ign.com ACIII DLC for Wii U www.ign.com NO DEMO FOR TOMB RAIDER www.ign.com WII U RELEASE WINDOWS www.ign.com FRIDAY GIVEAWAY! (Crystal White PS3 Instant Game Collection Bundle) Skyrim DLC on PS3, Sim City Beta & No More DualShock?! - IGN Daily Fix 01.18.13
- published: 19 Jan 2013
- views: 82412
- author: IGN
New Jack City (The Full Movie) in HQ
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 100:26
- Updated: 01 Feb 2013
SUBSCRIBE To Our Channel - Please LIKE & SHARE The Video!.. If you want to see more FREE Hollywood Flicks in High Definition?.. VISIT mobstarink.com NOW!! MobStarInk.com proudly presents the official 1991 crime movie "New Jack City" in HQ (high quality). Starring Wesley Snipes, Chris Rock, Allen Payne and Ice T. Director by Mario Van Peebles. New Jack City is definitely one of those gangster flicks that you never get tired of watching. MobStar Ink 301 Clematis Street, Suite 3000 West Palm Beach, FL 33401 support@MobStarInk.com http
http://wn.com/New_Jack_City_The_Full_Movie_in_HQ
SUBSCRIBE To Our Channel - Please LIKE & SHARE The Video!.. If you want to see more FREE Hollywood Flicks in High Definition?.. VISIT mobstarink.com NOW!! MobStarInk.com proudly presents the official 1991 crime movie "New Jack City" in HQ (high quality). Starring Wesley Snipes, Chris Rock, Allen Payne and Ice T. Director by Mario Van Peebles. New Jack City is definitely one of those gangster flicks that you never get tired of watching. MobStar Ink 301 Clematis Street, Suite 3000 West Palm Beach, FL 33401 support@MobStarInk.com http
- published: 06 Oct 2012
- views: 226046
- author: MobStarFlicks
Cristiano Ronaldo Vs Manchester City Away (21/11/2012)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:49
- Updated: 01 Feb 2013
Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for fair use for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use
http://wn.com/Cristiano_Ronaldo_Vs_Manchester_City_Away_21_11_2012
Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for fair use for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use
- published: 22 Nov 2012
- views: 1429278
- author: Cristiano Ronaldo
Resident Evil Operation Raccoon City - Gameplay Walkthrough - Part 7 - Gone Rogue (Xbox 360/PS3/PC)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:32
- Updated: 31 Jan 2013
Resident Evil Operation Raccoon City Walkthrough Part 7 with HD Xbox 360, PS3 and PC Gameplay by theRadBrad. Part 7 of this Resident Evil Operation Raccoon City Gameplay Walkthrough includes Mission 4: Gone Rogue of the Story Mode Campaign. This Resident Evil Operation Raccoon City Gameplay Walkthrough will include a Review, Gameplay and the Ending. Resident Evil Operation Raccoon City Playlist: bit.ly Follow me on Twitter: twitter.com Resident Evil: Operation Raccoon City, is a 2012 third-person shooter video game with online playability for Microsoft Windows, Xbox 360, and PlayStation 3. It is developed by Slant Six Games and published by Capcom. The game is a new installment in the Resident Evil series of video games and was developed by Slant Six Games instead of Capcom. It is set at the same time as Resident Evil 2 and Resident Evil 3: Nemesis, but is unrelated to the main series storyline and is a "what-if", non-canon entry in the series. USS Delta team (also known as "Wolfpack") enters the Raccoon City Underground Laboratory, where they meet up with Alpha team leader HUNK. Their mission: to assist the Alphas in stopping Dr. Birkin from handing over his G-Virus research to the US Military and retrieve the G-Virus. Resident Evil: Operation Raccoon City includes three unique sets of characters: Wolfpack, Echo Six and Classic. Wolfpack characters include Vector, Beltway, Lupo, Spectre, Bertha and Four Eyes. Echo Six characters include Willow, Dee-Ay, Tweed, Harley ...
http://wn.com/Resident_Evil_Operation_Raccoon_City_Gameplay_Walkthrough_Part_7_Gone_Rogue_Xbox_360_PS3_PC
Resident Evil Operation Raccoon City Walkthrough Part 7 with HD Xbox 360, PS3 and PC Gameplay by theRadBrad. Part 7 of this Resident Evil Operation Raccoon City Gameplay Walkthrough includes Mission 4: Gone Rogue of the Story Mode Campaign. This Resident Evil Operation Raccoon City Gameplay Walkthrough will include a Review, Gameplay and the Ending. Resident Evil Operation Raccoon City Playlist: bit.ly Follow me on Twitter: twitter.com Resident Evil: Operation Raccoon City, is a 2012 third-person shooter video game with online playability for Microsoft Windows, Xbox 360, and PlayStation 3. It is developed by Slant Six Games and published by Capcom. The game is a new installment in the Resident Evil series of video games and was developed by Slant Six Games instead of Capcom. It is set at the same time as Resident Evil 2 and Resident Evil 3: Nemesis, but is unrelated to the main series storyline and is a "what-if", non-canon entry in the series. USS Delta team (also known as "Wolfpack") enters the Raccoon City Underground Laboratory, where they meet up with Alpha team leader HUNK. Their mission: to assist the Alphas in stopping Dr. Birkin from handing over his G-Virus research to the US Military and retrieve the G-Virus. Resident Evil: Operation Raccoon City includes three unique sets of characters: Wolfpack, Echo Six and Classic. Wolfpack characters include Vector, Beltway, Lupo, Spectre, Bertha and Four Eyes. Echo Six characters include Willow, Dee-Ay, Tweed, Harley ...
- published: 23 Mar 2012
- views: 168179
- author: theRadBrad
Batman Arkham City: Armored Edition Video Review - IGN Reviews
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:23
- Updated: 01 Feb 2013
Chances are, you'd be interested in a LEGO Batman film bit.ly The bat is back, but this time on Wii U. How does this version compare to the rest? Watch and learn! Subscribe to IGN's channel for reviews, news, and all things gaming: www.youtube.com Batman Arkham City: Armored Edition Video Review - IGN Reviews
http://wn.com/Batman_Arkham_City_Armored_Edition_Video_Review_IGN_Reviews
Chances are, you'd be interested in a LEGO Batman film bit.ly The bat is back, but this time on Wii U. How does this version compare to the rest? Watch and learn! Subscribe to IGN's channel for reviews, news, and all things gaming: www.youtube.com Batman Arkham City: Armored Edition Video Review - IGN Reviews
- published: 18 Nov 2012
- views: 172196
- author: IGN
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Batman: Arkham City - Game of the Year Edition
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:07
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Find us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/batmanarkhamcity
Batman: Arkham City The Game of the Year Edition includes:
o Full Game with all Updates
o All new DLC (Harley Quinn's Revenge)
o All previously released DLC packs
o Movie Download: Batman Year One (USA and Canada only)
http://wn.com/Batman_Arkham_City_Game_of_the_Year_Edition
Find us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/batmanarkhamcity
Batman: Arkham City The Game of the Year Edition includes:
o Full Game with all Updates
o All new DLC (Harley Quinn's Revenge)
o All previously released DLC packs
o Movie Download: Batman Year One (USA and Canada only)
- published: 23 Apr 2012
- views: 937794
- author: BatmanArkhamCity
Batman: Arkham City : Harley Quinn's Revenge Teaser
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:37
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Find us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/batmanarkhamcity
Get the all new story content DLC for Batman: Arkham City from May 29th on Xbox 360 and Playstation 3
http://wn.com/Batman_Arkham_City_Harley_Quinn's_Revenge_Teaser
Find us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/batmanarkhamcity
Get the all new story content DLC for Batman: Arkham City from May 29th on Xbox 360 and Playstation 3
- published: 15 May 2012
- views: 81143
- author: BatmanArkhamCity
Robin - Batman: Arkham City
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:36
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Find us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/batmanarkhamcity
Download the fully playable Robin character add-on for Batman: Arkham City. Robin comes complete with his own unique gadgets and special moves, and is playable in all challenge maps in the game, as well as two additional challenge maps that are included with the pack. The pack also contains a bonus Animated Robin and Red Robin character skins.
Robin Downloadable Content available starting November 22nd, 2011.
http://wn.com/Robin_Batman_Arkham_City
Find us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/batmanarkhamcity
Download the fully playable Robin character add-on for Batman: Arkham City. Robin comes complete with his own unique gadgets and special moves, and is playable in all challenge maps in the game, as well as two additional challenge maps that are included with the pack. The pack also contains a bonus Animated Robin and Red Robin character skins.
Robin Downloadable Content available starting November 22nd, 2011.
- published: 22 Nov 2011
- views: 331496
- author: BatmanArkhamCity
Nightwing - Batman: Arkham City
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:50
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Find us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/batmanarkhamcity
Download the fully playable Nightwing character add-on for Batman: Arkham City. Nightwing comes complete with his own unique gadgets and special moves, and is playable in all challenge maps in the game, as well as two additional challenge maps that are included with the pack: Wayne Manor and Main Hall. The pack also contains a bonus Animated Nightwing character skin.
Nightwing DLC available starting November 1st, 2011.
http://wn.com/Nightwing_Batman_Arkham_City
Find us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/batmanarkhamcity
Download the fully playable Nightwing character add-on for Batman: Arkham City. Nightwing comes complete with his own unique gadgets and special moves, and is playable in all challenge maps in the game, as well as two additional challenge maps that are included with the pack: Wayne Manor and Main Hall. The pack also contains a bonus Animated Nightwing character skin.
Nightwing DLC available starting November 1st, 2011.
- published: 26 Oct 2011
- views: 683199
- author: BatmanArkhamCity
The Joker - Batman: Arkham City
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:55
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
"We are coming to the end aren't we? When you see what I've been planing all along, you'll just die!" - The Joker
Featuring "The Years" by (Crosses) as heard on Batman: Arkham City - The Album. Available here: http://itunes.apple.com/us/preorder/batmam-arkham-city-deluxe/id465122412
http://wn.com/The_Joker_Batman_Arkham_City
"We are coming to the end aren't we? When you see what I've been planing all along, you'll just die!" - The Joker
Featuring "The Years" by (Crosses) as heard on Batman: Arkham City - The Album. Available here: http://itunes.apple.com/us/preorder/batmam-arkham-city-deluxe/id465122412
- published: 23 Sep 2011
- views: 2132791
- author: BatmanArkhamCity
Mr. Freeze - Batman: Arkham City
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:30
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Find us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/BatmanArkhamCity
"Have you ever seen a flower die? Watched something that was once so beautiful, so full of life, collapse and rot from within?" - Dr. Victor Fries
http://wn.com/Mr_Freeze_Batman_Arkham_City
Find us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/BatmanArkhamCity
"Have you ever seen a flower die? Watched something that was once so beautiful, so full of life, collapse and rot from within?" - Dr. Victor Fries
- published: 15 Aug 2011
- views: 1471080
- author: BatmanArkhamCity
Hugo Strange - Batman: Arkham City
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:34
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Batman: Arkham City builds upon the intense, atmospheric foundation of Batman: Arkham Asylum, sending players soaring into Arkham City, the new maximum security "home" for all of Gotham City's thugs, gangsters and insane criminal masterminds.
Set inside the heavily fortified walls of a sprawling district in the heart of Gotham City, this highly anticipated sequel introduces a brand-new story that draws together a new all-star cast of classic characters and murderous villains from the Batman universe, as well as a vast range of new and enhanced gameplay features to deliver the ultimate experience as the Dark Knight.
http://wn.com/Hugo_Strange_Batman_Arkham_City
Batman: Arkham City builds upon the intense, atmospheric foundation of Batman: Arkham Asylum, sending players soaring into Arkham City, the new maximum security "home" for all of Gotham City's thugs, gangsters and insane criminal masterminds.
Set inside the heavily fortified walls of a sprawling district in the heart of Gotham City, this highly anticipated sequel introduces a brand-new story that draws together a new all-star cast of classic characters and murderous villains from the Batman universe, as well as a vast range of new and enhanced gameplay features to deliver the ultimate experience as the Dark Knight.
- published: 15 Jun 2011
- views: 1144284
- author: BatmanArkhamCity
Penguin - Batman: Arkham City
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:12
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Find us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/BatmanArkhamCity
Oswald Chesterfield Cobblepot, AKA -- Penguin, is continuing his shady business dealing within Arkham City, bringing chaos and corruption to the dark alleys and foreboding corridors of the sprawling cityscape. The foul fiend brings his criminal and financial genius, hand-to-hand expertise, treacherous toys and his feathered friends into the walled streets of Arkham City, with the sole aspiration of ridding the world of the Dark Knight.
http://wn.com/Penguin_Batman_Arkham_City
Find us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/BatmanArkhamCity
Oswald Chesterfield Cobblepot, AKA -- Penguin, is continuing his shady business dealing within Arkham City, bringing chaos and corruption to the dark alleys and foreboding corridors of the sprawling cityscape. The foul fiend brings his criminal and financial genius, hand-to-hand expertise, treacherous toys and his feathered friends into the walled streets of Arkham City, with the sole aspiration of ridding the world of the Dark Knight.
- published: 06 Dec 2011
- views: 642456
- author: BatmanArkhamCity
Riddler - Batman: Arkham Ciy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:43
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Find us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/BatmanArkhamCity
"Can you defeat a mind such as mine?"
"These challenges are far beyond a mind such as yours Batman." - Edward Nigma aka Riddler
http://wn.com/Riddler_Batman_Arkham_Ciy
Find us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/BatmanArkhamCity
"Can you defeat a mind such as mine?"
"These challenges are far beyond a mind such as yours Batman." - Edward Nigma aka Riddler
- published: 06 Dec 2011
- views: 566546
- author: BatmanArkhamCity
Catwoman - Batman: Arkham City
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:13
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Find us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/BatmanArkhamCity
Play as Catwoman! Gamers will have a chance to indulge in their darker side and explore Arkham City as the infamous feline femme fatale.
Complete with her own storyline in the main game, Catwoman's adventure complements Batman's central role and is seamlessly interwoven with his main story arc. She will also be playable in the challenge maps with her own unique combat moves, gadgetry and signature 'takedowns'.
http://wn.com/Catwoman_Batman_Arkham_City
Find us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/BatmanArkhamCity
Play as Catwoman! Gamers will have a chance to indulge in their darker side and explore Arkham City as the infamous feline femme fatale.
Complete with her own storyline in the main game, Catwoman's adventure complements Batman's central role and is seamlessly interwoven with his main story arc. She will also be playable in the challenge maps with her own unique combat moves, gadgetry and signature 'takedowns'.
- published: 06 Dec 2011
- views: 634191
- author: BatmanArkhamCity
"No Place for a Hero" - Batman: Arkham City
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:19
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Find us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/BatmanArkhamCity
"Ain't No Place for a Hero." Check out the world premiere of Batman: Arkham City Gameplay
http://wn.com/No_Place_for_a_Hero_Batman_Arkham_City
Find us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/BatmanArkhamCity
"Ain't No Place for a Hero." Check out the world premiere of Batman: Arkham City Gameplay
- published: 06 Dec 2011
- views: 869051
- author: BatmanArkhamCity
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:57
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Get Batman: Arkham City: Lockdown on iTunes
http://bit.ly/rE6VgO
The inmates have escaped and Batman has his hands full defeating an army of henchmen and some of his most iconic villains. Scour the rooftops and the seedy underbelly of Gotham City through a series of one-on-one battles with the Joker, Two-Face and more, as well as the Batman: Arkham City Lockdown exclusive -- Deathstroke. Choose from several Batman skins and power-ups as you punch, kick and combo your way to cleaning up Gotham City
http://wn.com/Batman_Arkham_City_Lockdown
Get Batman: Arkham City: Lockdown on iTunes
http://bit.ly/rE6VgO
The inmates have escaped and Batman has his hands full defeating an army of henchmen and some of his most iconic villains. Scour the rooftops and the seedy underbelly of Gotham City through a series of one-on-one battles with the Joker, Two-Face and more, as well as the Batman: Arkham City Lockdown exclusive -- Deathstroke. Choose from several Batman skins and power-ups as you punch, kick and combo your way to cleaning up Gotham City
- published: 07 Dec 2011
- views: 285169
- author: BatmanArkhamCity
Challenge Map Pack - Batman: Arkham City
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:27
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Find us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/batmanarkhamcity
Download the Challenge Map Pack! This pack contains three all new challenge maps: The Joker's Carnival, Iceberg Lounge and The Batcave. These challenge maps are playable as Batman and any of the downloadable playable characters Catwoman, Night Wing and Robin.
Available now via Xbox Live and PlayStation Network.
http://wn.com/Challenge_Map_Pack_Batman_Arkham_City
Find us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/batmanarkhamcity
Download the Challenge Map Pack! This pack contains three all new challenge maps: The Joker's Carnival, Iceberg Lounge and The Batcave. These challenge maps are playable as Batman and any of the downloadable playable characters Catwoman, Night Wing and Robin.
Available now via Xbox Live and PlayStation Network.
- published: 16 Dec 2011
- views: 48549
- author: BatmanArkhamCity
The Arkham Bundle - Batman: Arkham City
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:25
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Find us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/batmanarkhamcity
The Arkham Bundle contains the Nightwing Bundle Pack, Robin Bundle Pack and Arkham City Skins Pack. It is three incredible Arkham City DLC packs available for a discounted price! Warning: The Arkham Bundle contains previously released DLC packs. Do not purchase this pack if you have already purchased the previous DLC packs.
Available now via Xbox Live and PlayStation Network.
http://wn.com/The_Arkham_Bundle_Batman_Arkham_City
Find us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/batmanarkhamcity
The Arkham Bundle contains the Nightwing Bundle Pack, Robin Bundle Pack and Arkham City Skins Pack. It is three incredible Arkham City DLC packs available for a discounted price! Warning: The Arkham Bundle contains previously released DLC packs. Do not purchase this pack if you have already purchased the previous DLC packs.
Available now via Xbox Live and PlayStation Network.
- published: 16 Dec 2011
- views: 93545
- author: BatmanArkhamCity
Robin's Moves PS3
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:40
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Become Robin, and master the Boy Wonder's move sets.
http://wn.com/Robin's_Moves_PS3
Become Robin, and master the Boy Wonder's move sets.
- published: 23 Dec 2011
- views: 14
- author: BatmanArkhamCity
Batman Arkham City Lockdown - Poison Ivy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:52
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Poison Ivy joins Batman: Arkham City Lockdown in this update featuring a brand new level, more skins and achievements!
Optimized for the New iPad.
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/id459850726
http://wn.com/Batman_Arkham_City_Lockdown_Poison_Ivy
Poison Ivy joins Batman: Arkham City Lockdown in this update featuring a brand new level, more skins and achievements!
Optimized for the New iPad.
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/id459850726
- published: 16 Mar 2012
- views: 60877
- author: BatmanArkhamCity
Batman Skins Pack - Batman: Arkham City
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:33
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Find us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/batmanarkhamcity
Download the Arkham City Skins Pack. The Arkham City Skins Pack contains seven bonus Batman skins: 1970s Batman, Year One Batman, The Dark Knight Returns, Earth One, Batman Beyond, Animated Batman and Sinestro Corps Batman. The seven Batman skins can be used in storyline mode upon completion of main story and all challenge maps.
Available starting November 6th, 2011-12-06
http://wn.com/Batman_Skins_Pack_Batman_Arkham_City
Find us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/batmanarkhamcity
Download the Arkham City Skins Pack. The Arkham City Skins Pack contains seven bonus Batman skins: 1970s Batman, Year One Batman, The Dark Knight Returns, Earth One, Batman Beyond, Animated Batman and Sinestro Corps Batman. The seven Batman skins can be used in storyline mode upon completion of main story and all challenge maps.
Available starting November 6th, 2011-12-06
- published: 07 Dec 2011
- views: 1002834
- author: BatmanArkhamCity
Harley Quinn's Revenge 'Payback Trailer'
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:41
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Find us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/batmanarkhamcity
Get the all new story content DLC for Batman: Arkham City from May 29th on Xbox 360 and Playstation 3
http://wn.com/Harley_Quinn's_Revenge_'Payback_Trailer'
Find us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/batmanarkhamcity
Get the all new story content DLC for Batman: Arkham City from May 29th on Xbox 360 and Playstation 3
- published: 17 May 2012
- views: 257951
- author: BatmanArkhamCity
Batman Arkham City Armored Edition Launch Trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:24
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Developed by WB Games Montreal, Batman: Arkham City Armored Edition is the enhanced version of the award-winning blockbuster videogame created by Rocksteady Studios. The Wii U version delivers the same impactful story and gameplay as the original title, this time with enhanced gameplay mechanics and features made possible with the Wii U and the new controller.
Available worldwide now!
http://wn.com/Batman_Arkham_City_Armored_Edition_Launch_Trailer
Developed by WB Games Montreal, Batman: Arkham City Armored Edition is the enhanced version of the award-winning blockbuster videogame created by Rocksteady Studios. The Wii U version delivers the same impactful story and gameplay as the original title, this time with enhanced gameplay mechanics and features made possible with the Wii U and the new controller.
Available worldwide now!
- published: 07 Dec 2012
- views: 7489
- author: BatmanArkhamCity
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INSIDE CITY 61: Super Bowl Arm Wrestle
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 21:53
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
After years of feuding, Micah Richards and Joleon Lescott finally get the arm wrestle on - twice! It's access all areas to the Champions of the Barclays Premier League, Manchester City.
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After years of feuding, Micah Richards and Joleon Lescott finally get the arm wrestle on - twice! It's access all areas to the Champions of the Barclays Premier League, Manchester City.
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- published: 01 Feb 2013
- views: 19793
- author: mcfcofficial
INSIDE CITY 60 - Kolarov targets camera
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:30
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
In this weeks episode, CityTV have the players in front of a green screen again with some funny results. Kolarov takes aim at the camera in training and some daft wigs are in place for comic relief.
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In this weeks episode, CityTV have the players in front of a green screen again with some funny results. Kolarov takes aim at the camera in training and some daft wigs are in place for comic relief.
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- published: 26 Jan 2013
- views: 27469
- author: mcfcofficial
INSIDE CITY 59: Headcam in goalkeeper training
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 20:19
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
CityTV trials some new camera kit in training with the goalkeepers with Richard Wright wearing the headcam.
In an evening with VitaStudent, Roberto Mancini reveals the truth about the widely reported incident on the training ground with Mario Balotelli.
Pablo Zabaleta receives his Player of the Month Award and gives some fans a present.
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CityTV trials some new camera kit in training with the goalkeepers with Richard Wright wearing the headcam.
In an evening with VitaStudent, Roberto Mancini reveals the truth about the widely reported incident on the training ground with Mario Balotelli.
Pablo Zabaleta receives his Player of the Month Award and gives some fans a present.
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- published: 26 Jan 2013
- views: 50386
- author: mcfcofficial
INSIDE CITY 58 - Balotelli goes blond
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:39
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
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- published: 12 Jan 2013
- views: 80518
- author: mcfcofficial
INSIDE CITY 57 - Training ground action
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:55
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
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- published: 05 Jan 2013
- views: 62397
- author: mcfcofficial
INSIDE CITY 56 - Joe Hart scores a screamer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:30
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
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- published: 02 Jan 2013
- views: 82782
- author: mcfcofficial
INSIDE CITY 55: Dr Clichy converts a red to blue
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 18:55
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Manchester City players take part in the Club's annual Christmas visit to see patients at the Royal Manchester Children's Hospital.
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Manchester City players take part in the Club's annual Christmas visit to see patients at the Royal Manchester Children's Hospital.
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- published: 14 Dec 2012
- views: 41157
- author: mcfcofficial
INSIDE CITY 54 - Why always me?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:30
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
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EVERY SATURDAY - EXCLUSIVE Behind the Scenes at MCFC
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- published: 07 Dec 2012
- views: 78116
- author: mcfcofficial
INSIDE CITY 53: Mancini - was it a foul?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:10
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
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- published: 30 Nov 2012
- views: 93734
- author: mcfcofficial
INSIDE CITY 52: Mourinho's Madrid in Manchester
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 17:22
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
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- published: 23 Nov 2012
- views: 95911
- author: mcfcofficial
INSIDE CITY 51 - Tevez training goals & Guidetti loves Zlatan Ibrahimovic
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:40
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
This week at Manchester City:
Carlos Tevez lights up Carrington with a brilliant display of finishing whilst Sweden striker John Guidetti has bragging rights after Zlatan Imbrahimovic's four goals against England. Also, CBBC presenter Cel Spellman visits The Etihad Stadium.
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This week at Manchester City:
Carlos Tevez lights up Carrington with a brilliant display of finishing whilst Sweden striker John Guidetti has bragging rights after Zlatan Imbrahimovic's four goals against England. Also, CBBC presenter Cel Spellman visits The Etihad Stadium.
EVERY SATURDAY - EXCLUSIVE Behind the Scenes at MCFC
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- published: 16 Nov 2012
- views: 64437
- author: mcfcofficial
INSIDE CITY 50: Mario meets Mario
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 24:45
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
This week at Manchester City:
Behind the scenes around Ajax's trip to Manchester for the Champions league clash. John Guidetti sits down with CityTV as the #ask series returns, and John takes on an unexpected challenge.
Yaya Toure, Javi Garcia, Samir Nasri and Sergio Aguero take part in a fashion shoot for Hugo Boss (watch out for more of that), and Mario is up to mischief in training, as well as meeting his mini Mario
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This week at Manchester City:
Behind the scenes around Ajax's trip to Manchester for the Champions league clash. John Guidetti sits down with CityTV as the #ask series returns, and John takes on an unexpected challenge.
Yaya Toure, Javi Garcia, Samir Nasri and Sergio Aguero take part in a fashion shoot for Hugo Boss (watch out for more of that), and Mario is up to mischief in training, as well as meeting his mini Mario
EVERY SATURDAY - EXCLUSIVE Behind the Scenes at MCFC
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- published: 09 Nov 2012
- views: 165721
- author: mcfcofficial
INSIDE CITY 49: Golf with Dzeko & FIFA 13 skills
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 17:02
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
This week at Manchester City:
The Etihad Stadium takes on a new look when the neon sign is updated.
Roberto Mancini takes the squad for training. Micah Richards is back at Carrington after an operation and is on crutches, whilst David Silva and Maicon continue their recovery. Zabaleta and Javi Garcia are back training with the main group after their time out with injury as well.
The EA Sports FIFA 13 game hub is at Carrington. Lescott, Hart, Milner and Barry take each other on, with last year's winner Joleon again coming out on op and taking the trophy.
At the Stadium, Vincent Kompany, Kolo Toure, Jack Rodwel and Costel Pantilimon enjoy the facilities of the EA Sports box and take each other on at FIFA 13 and also give interviews to the media.
At the Factory Youth Zone in Eccles, Manchester, Edin Dzeko, Matija Nastasic and Scott Sinclair meet the kids, sign autographs, play basketball, golf - and even have a go at some cooking.
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This week at Manchester City:
The Etihad Stadium takes on a new look when the neon sign is updated.
Roberto Mancini takes the squad for training. Micah Richards is back at Carrington after an operation and is on crutches, whilst David Silva and Maicon continue their recovery. Zabaleta and Javi Garcia are back training with the main group after their time out with injury as well.
The EA Sports FIFA 13 game hub is at Carrington. Lescott, Hart, Milner and Barry take each other on, with last year's winner Joleon again coming out on op and taking the trophy.
At the Stadium, Vincent Kompany, Kolo Toure, Jack Rodwel and Costel Pantilimon enjoy the facilities of the EA Sports box and take each other on at FIFA 13 and also give interviews to the media.
At the Factory Youth Zone in Eccles, Manchester, Edin Dzeko, Matija Nastasic and Scott Sinclair meet the kids, sign autographs, play basketball, golf - and even have a go at some cooking.
EVERY SATURDAY - EXCLUSIVE Behind the Scenes at MCFC
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- published: 03 Nov 2012
- views: 55287
- author: mcfcofficial
INSIDE CITY 48: Aguero, Zabaleta and Tevez keep-ups at Ajax
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:38
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
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- published: 26 Oct 2012
- views: 48400
- author: mcfcofficial
INSIDE CITY 47: Balotelli penalty practise & Javi in Abu Dhabi
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 18:49
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
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- published: 19 Oct 2012
- views: 98898
- author: mcfcofficial
INSIDE CITY 46: Tevez and Nasri training goals
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:32
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
City's Under 21 side play Wolves, with a penalty after a foul on Denis Suarez converted by Scott Sinclair to earn the blues a point.
It's international week and at Carrington and some of the younger professionals train alongside Gareth Barry, Samir Nasri, Micah Richards and Carlos Tevez.
Javi Garcia is in Abu Dhabi and his rehabilitation training continues during a trip to visit City's School of Football.
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City's Under 21 side play Wolves, with a penalty after a foul on Denis Suarez converted by Scott Sinclair to earn the blues a point.
It's international week and at Carrington and some of the younger professionals train alongside Gareth Barry, Samir Nasri, Micah Richards and Carlos Tevez.
Javi Garcia is in Abu Dhabi and his rehabilitation training continues during a trip to visit City's School of Football.
EVERY SATURDAY - EXCLUSIVE Behind the Scenes at MCFC
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- published: 12 Oct 2012
- views: 119469
- author: mcfcofficial
INSIDE CITY 45: Balotelli, Hart & Zabaleta speak Chinese
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:40
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Mario Balotelli, Joe hart and Pablo Zabaleta pass on good wishes to City fans in China.
Goalkeeper Training with Joe Hart, Costel Pantilimon and Richard Wright under the guidance of Coach Massimo Battara.
Borussia Dortmund train at the Etihad ahead of the Champions League fixture.
Roberto Mancini visits the National Cycling Centre - across the road from the Etihad Stadium in Manchester - and is given a guided tour by the British Cycling Team's head of performance Dave Brailsford CBE.
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Mario Balotelli, Joe hart and Pablo Zabaleta pass on good wishes to City fans in China.
Goalkeeper Training with Joe Hart, Costel Pantilimon and Richard Wright under the guidance of Coach Massimo Battara.
Borussia Dortmund train at the Etihad ahead of the Champions League fixture.
Roberto Mancini visits the National Cycling Centre - across the road from the Etihad Stadium in Manchester - and is given a guided tour by the British Cycling Team's head of performance Dave Brailsford CBE.
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- published: 06 Oct 2012
- views: 133499
- author: mcfcofficial
INSIDE CITY 44: Joe Hart in FIFA 13 Tournament #FIFA13CelebCup
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 18:26
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Behind the scenes at City's Google+ Hangout with Vieira
At Carrington Micah Richards goes through his fantasy league team with John Guidetti
Joe Hart takes part in an EA event to mark the launch of FIFA 13. He's joined by Micah Richards and faces Liverpool player Jose Enrique in the #FIFA13CelebCup tournament
Maicon visits Manchester Futsal Club which has been given a Connell Award by City
Citytv follows Vincent Kompany inside the Etihad as he heads to watch the team play
Plus exclusive training footage as the squad prepares for games against Aston Villa and Fulham.
EVERY SATURDAY - EXCLUSIVE Behind the Scenes at MCFC
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Behind the scenes at City's Google+ Hangout with Vieira
At Carrington Micah Richards goes through his fantasy league team with John Guidetti
Joe Hart takes part in an EA event to mark the launch of FIFA 13. He's joined by Micah Richards and faces Liverpool player Jose Enrique in the #FIFA13CelebCup tournament
Maicon visits Manchester Futsal Club which has been given a Connell Award by City
Citytv follows Vincent Kompany inside the Etihad as he heads to watch the team play
Plus exclusive training footage as the squad prepares for games against Aston Villa and Fulham.
EVERY SATURDAY - EXCLUSIVE Behind the Scenes at MCFC
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- published: 06 Oct 2012
- views: 121077
- author: mcfcofficial
INSIDE CITY 43: Real Madrid away in the Champions League
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 19:07
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
In Inside City 43 David Silva signs a new contract and the team travel to Spain for their Champions League opener against Real Madrid.
Later in the week it's training at Carrington ahead of a weekend tie against Arsenal in the Premier League. Also, the new players: Maicon, Jack Rodwell, Matija Nastasic and Scott Sinclair are in front of the cameras for filming and photos.
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In Inside City 43 David Silva signs a new contract and the team travel to Spain for their Champions League opener against Real Madrid.
Later in the week it's training at Carrington ahead of a weekend tie against Arsenal in the Premier League. Also, the new players: Maicon, Jack Rodwell, Matija Nastasic and Scott Sinclair are in front of the cameras for filming and photos.
EVERY SATURDAY - EXCLUSIVE Behind the Scenes at MCFC
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- published: 05 Sep 2011
- views: 164287
- author: mcfcofficial
INSIDE CITY 42 - Maicon meets Balotelli on first day at Carrington
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 17:45
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
In this episode Maicon see's his new training ground and team mates for the first time as does Matija Nastasic.
There is some training fun with a game of head tennis and in the week when the club unveils its plans for the new City Football Academy the EDS also face Fenerbache in the NextGen Series.
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In this episode Maicon see's his new training ground and team mates for the first time as does Matija Nastasic.
There is some training fun with a game of head tennis and in the week when the club unveils its plans for the new City Football Academy the EDS also face Fenerbache in the NextGen Series.
EVERY SATURDAY - EXCLUSIVE Behind the Scenes at MCFC
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- published: 05 Sep 2011
- views: 404322
- author: mcfcofficial
INSIDE CITY 41: Javi Garcia training as a City player
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:06
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
With many first team players away on international duty it's quiet at Carrington - only Javi Garcia and Gareth Barry are in for training.
City's Elite Development Squad are away for a fixture at Liverpool in the under 21's Barclay's Premier League, with new signing Scott Sinclair lining up.
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http://wn.com/INSIDE_CITY_41_Javi_Garcia_training_as_a_City_player
With many first team players away on international duty it's quiet at Carrington - only Javi Garcia and Gareth Barry are in for training.
City's Elite Development Squad are away for a fixture at Liverpool in the under 21's Barclay's Premier League, with new signing Scott Sinclair lining up.
EVERY SATURDAY - EXCLUSIVE Behind the Scenes at MCFC
CLICK HERE to watch all episodes: http://www.youtube.com/user/mcfcofficial#grid/user/2531B096FE5AAE98
http://www.mcfc.co.uk
http://www.facebook.com/mcfcofficial
http://www.twitter.com/mcfc
- published: 05 Sep 2011
- views: 58137
- author: mcfcofficial
INSIDE CITY 40: Transfer Exclusive: Garcia, Maicon, Sinclair and Nastasic
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 23:47
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
In this exclusive behind the scenes transfer special we give you a glimpse of what goes on at Manchester City on transfer deadline day. Our cameras travel to Milan for the the signings of Maicon and Matija Natasic and Scott Siclair and Javi Garcia come to the Etihad Campus to conclude their deals.
We also have camera's at the annual team photo shoot which usually throws up some funny moments http://youtu.be/s6jUi_AvYBA
EVERY SATURDAY - EXCLUSIVE Behind the Scenes at MCFC
CLICK HERE to watch all episodes: http://www.youtube.com/user/mcfcofficial#grid/user/2531B096FE5AAE98
http://www.mcfc.co.uk
http://www.facebook.com/mcfcofficial
http://www.twitter.com/mcfc
http://wn.com/INSIDE_CITY_40_Transfer_Exclusive_Garcia,_Maicon,_Sinclair_and_Nastasic
In this exclusive behind the scenes transfer special we give you a glimpse of what goes on at Manchester City on transfer deadline day. Our cameras travel to Milan for the the signings of Maicon and Matija Natasic and Scott Siclair and Javi Garcia come to the Etihad Campus to conclude their deals.
We also have camera's at the annual team photo shoot which usually throws up some funny moments http://youtu.be/s6jUi_AvYBA
EVERY SATURDAY - EXCLUSIVE Behind the Scenes at MCFC
CLICK HERE to watch all episodes: http://www.youtube.com/user/mcfcofficial#grid/user/2531B096FE5AAE98
http://www.mcfc.co.uk
http://www.facebook.com/mcfcofficial
http://www.twitter.com/mcfc
- published: 05 Sep 2011
- views: 130224
- author: mcfcofficial
INSIDE CITY 39: Mario Balotelli's YouTube magic
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:35
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
EVERY SATURDAY - EXCLUSIVE Behind the Scenes at MCFC
CLICK HERE to watch all episodes: http://www.youtube.com/user/mcfcofficial#grid/user/2531B096FE5AAE98
http://www.mcfc.co.uk
http://www.facebook.com/mcfcofficial
http://www.twitter.com/mcfc
http://wn.com/INSIDE_CITY_39_Mario_Balotelli's_YouTube_magic
EVERY SATURDAY - EXCLUSIVE Behind the Scenes at MCFC
CLICK HERE to watch all episodes: http://www.youtube.com/user/mcfcofficial#grid/user/2531B096FE5AAE98
http://www.mcfc.co.uk
http://www.facebook.com/mcfcofficial
http://www.twitter.com/mcfc
- published: 05 Sep 2011
- views: 295960
- author: mcfcofficial
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
Get to Know NYC Ballet
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:07
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
A behind the scenes look at a day in the life of NYCB, with footage from company class and rehearsals, backstage and in the wings, and inside the orchestra pit and pointe shoe room.
http://wn.com/Get_to_Know_NYC_Ballet
A behind the scenes look at a day in the life of NYCB, with footage from company class and rehearsals, backstage and in the wings, and inside the orchestra pit and pointe shoe room.
- published: 01 Nov 2012
- views: 75796
- author: newyorkcityballet
Promo for Justin Peck's YEAR OF THE RABBIT with music by Sufjan Stevens
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:01
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Principal dancers Janie Taylor and Craig Hall weather a coming storm in this promo video for Justin Peck's new ballet YEAR OF THE RABBIT, with music by Sufjan Stevens. Premieres October 5th!
http://wn.com/Promo_for_Justin_Peck's_YEAR_OF_THE_RABBIT_with_music_by_Sufjan_Stevens
Principal dancers Janie Taylor and Craig Hall weather a coming storm in this promo video for Justin Peck's new ballet YEAR OF THE RABBIT, with music by Sufjan Stevens. Premieres October 5th!
- published: 01 Nov 2012
- views: 5922
- author: newyorkcityballet
A Crystal Palace: Redesigning the Costumes for "Symphony in C"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:04
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
A behind the scenes look at the brand new costumes for Balanchine's iconic "Symphony in C". A collaboration between NYCB and Swarovski, designed by NYCB's own Director of Costumes Marc Happel, with tiaras and headpieces by Robert Sorrell and earrings by Jamie Wolf.
http://wn.com/A_Crystal_Palace_Redesigning_the_Costumes_for_Symphony_in_C
A behind the scenes look at the brand new costumes for Balanchine's iconic "Symphony in C". A collaboration between NYCB and Swarovski, designed by NYCB's own Director of Costumes Marc Happel, with tiaras and headpieces by Robert Sorrell and earrings by Jamie Wolf.
- published: 01 Nov 2012
- views: 11717
- author: newyorkcityballet
Edward Sharpe & The Magnetic Zeroes "Man on Fire" video, featuring NYC Ballet!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:57
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Some of your favorite dancers in NYCB are featured (around the 3:15 mark) in this official video for "Man on Fire", a single from Edward Sharpe & The Magnetic Zeroes' new album "Here"
http://wn.com/Edward_Sharpe_The_Magnetic_Zeroes_Man_on_Fire_video,_featuring_NYC_Ballet!
Some of your favorite dancers in NYCB are featured (around the 3:15 mark) in this official video for "Man on Fire", a single from Edward Sharpe & The Magnetic Zeroes' new album "Here"
- published: 19 Jun 2012
- views: 11893
- author: newyorkcityballet
The Icon in the Costume Shop: Valentino at NYC Ballet
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:44
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Go behind the scenes with legendary designer Valentino as he creates 25 new costumes for NYCB's Fall 2012 Gala
http://wn.com/The_Icon_in_the_Costume_Shop_Valentino_at_NYC_Ballet
Go behind the scenes with legendary designer Valentino as he creates 25 new costumes for NYCB's Fall 2012 Gala
- published: 01 Nov 2012
- views: 14197
- author: newyorkcityballet
TWIRL Video
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:44
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
TWIRL video created for our recent "Dance with the Dancers 2010" event, featuring NYCB Dancers Sara Mearns, Amar Ramasar, Amanda Hankes and more. Enjoy!
http://wn.com/TWIRL_Video
TWIRL video created for our recent "Dance with the Dancers 2010" event, featuring NYCB Dancers Sara Mearns, Amar Ramasar, Amanda Hankes and more. Enjoy!
- published: 17 Jun 2010
- views: 45260
- author: newyorkcityballet
Pointe Shoes
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:45
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
The Importance of the Perfect Fit. Principal Dancer Megan Fairchild discusses her pointe shoes.
http://wn.com/Pointe_Shoes
The Importance of the Perfect Fit. Principal Dancer Megan Fairchild discusses her pointe shoes.
- published: 19 Nov 2009
- views: 274874
- author: newyorkcityballet
Recreating a Tutu's Splendor | Theme and Variations
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:36
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
A documentary short on the recreation of tutus for George Balanchine's "Theme and Variations". NYCB is fortunate to have our own costume shop, where we're able to refurbish, maintain, and even design and create new costumes from scratch.
http://wn.com/Recreating_a_Tutu's_Splendor_|_Theme_and_Variations
A documentary short on the recreation of tutus for George Balanchine's "Theme and Variations". NYCB is fortunate to have our own costume shop, where we're able to refurbish, maintain, and even design and create new costumes from scratch.
- published: 19 Nov 2009
- views: 66779
- author: newyorkcityballet
The Sleeping Beauty
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:22
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Three Auroras | NYCB Dancers Ashley Bouder, Tiler Peck, and Kathryn Morgan discuss dancing the role of "Aurora" in "The Sleeping Beauty".
http://wn.com/The_Sleeping_Beauty
Three Auroras | NYCB Dancers Ashley Bouder, Tiler Peck, and Kathryn Morgan discuss dancing the role of "Aurora" in "The Sleeping Beauty".
- published: 20 Sep 2010
- views: 85166
- author: newyorkcityballet
Pas de Deux: The Dancers' Perspective
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:14
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Principal Dancers Megan Fairchild and Andrew Veyette give us a view of the wedding pas de deux from "The Sleeping Beauty" from the dancers' perspective.
© 2009 New York City Ballet
http://wn.com/Pas_de_Deux_The_Dancers'_Perspective
Principal Dancers Megan Fairchild and Andrew Veyette give us a view of the wedding pas de deux from "The Sleeping Beauty" from the dancers' perspective.
© 2009 New York City Ballet
- published: 20 Sep 2010
- views: 42106
- author: newyorkcityballet
When We Were Kids | NYC Ballet Dancers as Kids
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:09
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
When We Were Kids | NYC Ballet Dancers as Kids
This short film was shown during New York City Ballet's annual Dancers' Choice Evening, June 27th 2008.
MUSIC: Ask La Cour and Henry Seth
FOOTAGE: From A Midsummer Night's Dream, Coppelia, and Mozartiana,
Choreography by George Balanchine
© The George Balanchine Trust
From Children with a Dream
Courtesy of Barbara Shelly, Producer
VIDEO: Matt Sundin/Emsfilm and New York City Ballet
©2008 New York City Ballet
http://wn.com/When_We_Were_Kids_|_NYC_Ballet_Dancers_as_Kids
When We Were Kids | NYC Ballet Dancers as Kids
This short film was shown during New York City Ballet's annual Dancers' Choice Evening, June 27th 2008.
MUSIC: Ask La Cour and Henry Seth
FOOTAGE: From A Midsummer Night's Dream, Coppelia, and Mozartiana,
Choreography by George Balanchine
© The George Balanchine Trust
From Children with a Dream
Courtesy of Barbara Shelly, Producer
VIDEO: Matt Sundin/Emsfilm and New York City Ballet
©2008 New York City Ballet
- published: 11 Aug 2008
- views: 115715
- author: newyorkcityballet
Extended Interview | Georgina Pazcoguin and Adrian Danchig-Waring on Glass Pieces
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:44
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Georgina Pazcoguin and Adrian Danchig-Waring talk about performing the ballet "Glass Pieces" (Music by Philip Glass / Choreography by Jerome Robbins).
http://wn.com/Extended_Interview_|_Georgina_Pazcoguin_and_Adrian_Danchig-Waring_on_Glass_Pieces
Georgina Pazcoguin and Adrian Danchig-Waring talk about performing the ballet "Glass Pieces" (Music by Philip Glass / Choreography by Jerome Robbins).
- published: 02 Mar 2011
- views: 4545
- author: newyorkcityballet
Extended Interview | A Midsummer Night's Dream
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:47
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
An extended interview with NYCB Soloist Adam Hendrickson on his role as "Puck" in George Balanchine's A Midsummer Night's Dream.
http://wn.com/Extended_Interview_|_A_Midsummer_Night's_Dream
An extended interview with NYCB Soloist Adam Hendrickson on his role as "Puck" in George Balanchine's A Midsummer Night's Dream.
- published: 17 Nov 2009
- views: 10447
- author: newyorkcityballet
Extended Interview | Firebird
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:57
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
An extended interview with NYCB Principal Dancer, Teresa Reichlen, on dancing the "Firebird" role.
http://wn.com/Extended_Interview_|_Firebird
An extended interview with NYCB Principal Dancer, Teresa Reichlen, on dancing the "Firebird" role.
- published: 20 Sep 2010
- views: 9045
- author: newyorkcityballet
Extended Interview | Quasi una Fantasia
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:56
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Benjamin Millepied, choreographer and New York City Ballet Principal Dancer, talks about his new work, "Quasi una Fantasia" which he is creating for our 2009 Spring Season.
http://wn.com/Extended_Interview_|_Quasi_una_Fantasia
Benjamin Millepied, choreographer and New York City Ballet Principal Dancer, talks about his new work, "Quasi una Fantasia" which he is creating for our 2009 Spring Season.
- published: 20 Sep 2010
- views: 27547
- author: newyorkcityballet
Extended Interview | Lifecasting
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:13
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
New York City Ballet Soloist Robert Fairchild talks about his role in Douglas Lee's recent creation "Lifecasting".
http://wn.com/Extended_Interview_|_Lifecasting
New York City Ballet Soloist Robert Fairchild talks about his role in Douglas Lee's recent creation "Lifecasting".
- published: 20 Sep 2010
- views: 4813
- author: newyorkcityballet
Extended Interview | George Balanchine's Swan Lake
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:34
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
An extended interview with New York City Ballet dancer Marika Anderson, talking about her role in George Balanchine's Swan Lake.
http://wn.com/Extended_Interview_|_George_Balanchine's_Swan_Lake
An extended interview with New York City Ballet dancer Marika Anderson, talking about her role in George Balanchine's Swan Lake.
- published: 20 Sep 2010
- views: 10654
- author: newyorkcityballet
Extended Interview | NYC Ballet's Rebecca Krohn on Movements for Piano and Orchestra
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:13
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
An extended interview with New York City Ballet Soloist Rebecca Krohn, talking about her role in George Balanchine's "Movements for Piano and Orchestra".
http://wn.com/Extended_Interview_|_NYC_Ballet's_Rebecca_Krohn_on_Movements_for_Piano_and_Orchestra
An extended interview with New York City Ballet Soloist Rebecca Krohn, talking about her role in George Balanchine's "Movements for Piano and Orchestra".
- published: 10 Apr 2009
- views: 10647
- author: newyorkcityballet
Extended Interview | NYC Ballet's Sterling Hyltin on "The Concert"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:12
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
An extended interview with New York City Ballet Principal Dancer Sterling Hyltin, talking about her role in Jerome Robbins' "The Concert".
http://wn.com/Extended_Interview_|_NYC_Ballet's_Sterling_Hyltin_on_The_Concert
An extended interview with New York City Ballet Principal Dancer Sterling Hyltin, talking about her role in Jerome Robbins' "The Concert".
- published: 20 Sep 2010
- views: 8622
- author: newyorkcityballet
The Monarch | The Creation of a New Ballet
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:31
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
The Monarch | The Creation of a New Ballet
This short film was shown during New York City Ballet's annual Dancers' Choice Evening, June 27th 2008, right before the premiere of the ballet - "Flit of Fury - The Monarch".
MUSIC: Aaron Severini
CHOREOGRAPHY: Adam Hendrickson
DANCERS: Robert Fairchild, Allen Peiffer, David Prottas, Sean Suozzi, Gretchen Smith
MUSICIANS: Steve Beck, Steve Gosling
VIDEO: Matt Sundin/Emsfilm and New York City Ballet
©2008 New York City Ballet
http://wn.com/The_Monarch_|_The_Creation_of_a_New_Ballet
The Monarch | The Creation of a New Ballet
This short film was shown during New York City Ballet's annual Dancers' Choice Evening, June 27th 2008, right before the premiere of the ballet - "Flit of Fury - The Monarch".
MUSIC: Aaron Severini
CHOREOGRAPHY: Adam Hendrickson
DANCERS: Robert Fairchild, Allen Peiffer, David Prottas, Sean Suozzi, Gretchen Smith
MUSICIANS: Steve Beck, Steve Gosling
VIDEO: Matt Sundin/Emsfilm and New York City Ballet
©2008 New York City Ballet
- published: 08 Aug 2008
- views: 38205
- author: newyorkcityballet
DAY 5 - Daniel Ulbricht as the Faun
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:06
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
DAY 5 - Daniel Ulbricht as the Faun
07.00 PM to 08.30 PM
Backstage at the London Coliseum.
Daniel Ulbricht gets ready for the Faun in Jerome Robbins' The Four Seasons.
Choreography
The Four Seasons
By Jerome Robbins
© 2008 New York City Ballet
http://wn.com/DAY_5_Daniel_Ulbricht_as_the_Faun
DAY 5 - Daniel Ulbricht as the Faun
07.00 PM to 08.30 PM
Backstage at the London Coliseum.
Daniel Ulbricht gets ready for the Faun in Jerome Robbins' The Four Seasons.
Choreography
The Four Seasons
By Jerome Robbins
© 2008 New York City Ballet
- published: 30 Dec 2008
- views: 26282
- author: newyorkcityballet
DAY 5 - Jared Angle talks about Moves
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:54
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
DAY 5 - Jared Angle talks about Moves
07.00 PM to 08.30 PM
Jared Angle talks about his frist performance on tour, in Jerome Robbins' The Four Seasons and Moves.
Choreography
The Four Seasons, Moves
By Jerome Robbins
© 2008 New York City Ballet
http://wn.com/DAY_5_Jared_Angle_talks_about_Moves
DAY 5 - Jared Angle talks about Moves
07.00 PM to 08.30 PM
Jared Angle talks about his frist performance on tour, in Jerome Robbins' The Four Seasons and Moves.
Choreography
The Four Seasons, Moves
By Jerome Robbins
© 2008 New York City Ballet
- published: 30 Dec 2008
- views: 15911
- author: newyorkcityballet
DAY 5 - Ashley Bouder and Benjamin Millepied
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:24
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
DAY 5 - Ashley Bouder and Benjamin Millepied
08.15 PM
Ashley Bouder and Benjamin Millepied talk about their performance in the Fall section of Jerome Robbins' The Four Seasons
© 2008 New York City Ballet
http://wn.com/DAY_5_Ashley_Bouder_and_Benjamin_Millepied
DAY 5 - Ashley Bouder and Benjamin Millepied
08.15 PM
Ashley Bouder and Benjamin Millepied talk about their performance in the Fall section of Jerome Robbins' The Four Seasons
© 2008 New York City Ballet
- published: 30 Dec 2008
- views: 96036
- author: newyorkcityballet
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough - Gotham Streets
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:02
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown First Mission Walkthrough Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough Playlist:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD3DB8FCCA944E8C9&feature;=view_all
===================================
Locations:
- Tutorial
- Gotham Streets (Two-Face's Thugs)
===================================
Related Game Center Achievements:
- Rising Uppercut Combo
- My Greatest Student
- Side Kick Combo
- To the Batcave!
- Flawless Victory
- Left Uppercut Combo
- Leg Kick Combo
===================================
Game available on: Apple iOS (iPad, iPhone and iPod touch)
Video recorded on: iPhone 4S
===================================
For more info and videos, visit:
● http://www.youtube.com/BatmanArkhamVideos
● http://www.batman-arkham.com
● http://www.games-series.com
http://wn.com/Batman_Arkham_City_Lockdown_Walkthrough_Gotham_Streets
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown First Mission Walkthrough Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough Playlist:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD3DB8FCCA944E8C9&feature;=view_all
===================================
Locations:
- Tutorial
- Gotham Streets (Two-Face's Thugs)
===================================
Related Game Center Achievements:
- Rising Uppercut Combo
- My Greatest Student
- Side Kick Combo
- To the Batcave!
- Flawless Victory
- Left Uppercut Combo
- Leg Kick Combo
===================================
Game available on: Apple iOS (iPad, iPhone and iPod touch)
Video recorded on: iPhone 4S
===================================
For more info and videos, visit:
● http://www.youtube.com/BatmanArkhamVideos
● http://www.batman-arkham.com
● http://www.games-series.com
- published: 27 Feb 2012
- views: 28679
- author: BatmanArkhamVideos
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough - Two-Face Boss Fight
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:03
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Mission Walkthrough Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough Playlist:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD3DB8FCCA944E8C9&feature;=view_all
===================================
Location: Gotham Streets
Boss Fight: Two- Face
===================================
Related Game Center Achievements:
- Not So Fast
- Heads I Win, Tails You Die
===================================
Game available on: Apple iOS (iPad, iPhone and iPod touch)
Video recorded on: iPhone 4S
===================================
For more info and videos, visit:
● http://www.youtube.com/BatmanArkhamVideos
● http://www.batman-arkham.com
● http://www.games-series.com
http://wn.com/Batman_Arkham_City_Lockdown_Walkthrough_Two-Face_Boss_Fight
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Mission Walkthrough Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough Playlist:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD3DB8FCCA944E8C9&feature;=view_all
===================================
Location: Gotham Streets
Boss Fight: Two- Face
===================================
Related Game Center Achievements:
- Not So Fast
- Heads I Win, Tails You Die
===================================
Game available on: Apple iOS (iPad, iPhone and iPod touch)
Video recorded on: iPhone 4S
===================================
For more info and videos, visit:
● http://www.youtube.com/BatmanArkhamVideos
● http://www.batman-arkham.com
● http://www.games-series.com
- published: 27 Feb 2012
- views: 31321
- author: BatmanArkhamVideos
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough - Gotham Sewers
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:07
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Mission Walkthrough Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough Playlist:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD3DB8FCCA944E8C9&feature;=view_all
===================================
Location: Gotham Sewers (Penguin Thugs)
===================================
Game available on: Apple iOS (iPad, iPhone and iPod touch)
Video recorded on: iPhone 4S
===================================
For more info and videos, visit:
● http://www.youtube.com/BatmanArkhamVideos
● http://www.batman-arkham.com
● http://www.games-series.com
http://wn.com/Batman_Arkham_City_Lockdown_Walkthrough_Gotham_Sewers
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Mission Walkthrough Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough Playlist:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD3DB8FCCA944E8C9&feature;=view_all
===================================
Location: Gotham Sewers (Penguin Thugs)
===================================
Game available on: Apple iOS (iPad, iPhone and iPod touch)
Video recorded on: iPhone 4S
===================================
For more info and videos, visit:
● http://www.youtube.com/BatmanArkhamVideos
● http://www.batman-arkham.com
● http://www.games-series.com
- published: 02 Mar 2012
- views: 11053
- author: BatmanArkhamVideos
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough - Solomon Grundy Boss Fight
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:45
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Mission Walkthrough Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough Playlist:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD3DB8FCCA944E8C9&feature;=view_all
===================================
Location: Gotham Sewers
Boss Fight: Solomon Grundy
===================================
Related Game Center Achievements:
- Born on a Monday
- Buried on a Sunday
===================================
Game available on: Apple iOS (iPad, iPhone and iPod touch)
Video recorded on: iPhone 4S
===================================
For more info and videos, visit:
● http://www.youtube.com/BatmanArkhamVideos
● http://www.batman-arkham.com
● http://www.games-series.com
http://wn.com/Batman_Arkham_City_Lockdown_Walkthrough_Solomon_Grundy_Boss_Fight
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Mission Walkthrough Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough Playlist:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD3DB8FCCA944E8C9&feature;=view_all
===================================
Location: Gotham Sewers
Boss Fight: Solomon Grundy
===================================
Related Game Center Achievements:
- Born on a Monday
- Buried on a Sunday
===================================
Game available on: Apple iOS (iPad, iPhone and iPod touch)
Video recorded on: iPhone 4S
===================================
For more info and videos, visit:
● http://www.youtube.com/BatmanArkhamVideos
● http://www.batman-arkham.com
● http://www.games-series.com
- published: 02 Mar 2012
- views: 39642
- author: BatmanArkhamVideos
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough - Gotham Steel Mill
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:11
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Mission Walkthrough Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough Playlist:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD3DB8FCCA944E8C9&feature;=view_all
===================================
Location: Gotham Steel Mill (Deathstroke Thugs)
===================================
Game available on: Apple iOS (iPad, iPhone and iPod touch)
Video recorded on: iPhone 4S
===================================
For more info and videos, visit:
● http://www.youtube.com/BatmanArkhamVideos
● http://www.batman-arkham.com
● http://www.games-series.com
http://wn.com/Batman_Arkham_City_Lockdown_Walkthrough_Gotham_Steel_Mill
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Mission Walkthrough Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough Playlist:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD3DB8FCCA944E8C9&feature;=view_all
===================================
Location: Gotham Steel Mill (Deathstroke Thugs)
===================================
Game available on: Apple iOS (iPad, iPhone and iPod touch)
Video recorded on: iPhone 4S
===================================
For more info and videos, visit:
● http://www.youtube.com/BatmanArkhamVideos
● http://www.batman-arkham.com
● http://www.games-series.com
- published: 07 Mar 2012
- views: 9906
- author: BatmanArkhamVideos
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough - Deathstroke Boss Fight
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:38
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Mission Walkthrough Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough Playlist:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD3DB8FCCA944E8C9&feature;=view_all
===================================
Location: Gotham Steel Mill
Boss Fight: Deathstroke
===================================
Related Game Center Achievements:
- Eye for an Eye
- Back to Basics
===================================
Game available on: Apple iOS (iPad, iPhone and iPod touch)
Video recorded on: iPhone 4S
===================================
For more info and videos, visit:
● http://www.youtube.com/BatmanArkhamVideos
● http://www.batman-arkham.com
● http://www.games-series.com
http://wn.com/Batman_Arkham_City_Lockdown_Walkthrough_Deathstroke_Boss_Fight
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Mission Walkthrough Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough Playlist:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD3DB8FCCA944E8C9&feature;=view_all
===================================
Location: Gotham Steel Mill
Boss Fight: Deathstroke
===================================
Related Game Center Achievements:
- Eye for an Eye
- Back to Basics
===================================
Game available on: Apple iOS (iPad, iPhone and iPod touch)
Video recorded on: iPhone 4S
===================================
For more info and videos, visit:
● http://www.youtube.com/BatmanArkhamVideos
● http://www.batman-arkham.com
● http://www.games-series.com
- published: 07 Mar 2012
- views: 49473
- author: BatmanArkhamVideos
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough - Gotham Rooftops
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:43
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Mission Walkthrough Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough Playlist:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD3DB8FCCA944E8C9&feature;=view_all
===================================
Location: Gotham Rooftops (Joker Thugs)
===================================
Game available on: Apple iOS (iPad, iPhone and iPod touch)
Video recorded on: iPhone 4S
===================================
For more info and videos, visit:
● http://www.youtube.com/BatmanArkhamVideos
● http://www.batman-arkham.com
● http://www.games-series.com
http://wn.com/Batman_Arkham_City_Lockdown_Walkthrough_Gotham_Rooftops
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Mission Walkthrough Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough Playlist:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD3DB8FCCA944E8C9&feature;=view_all
===================================
Location: Gotham Rooftops (Joker Thugs)
===================================
Game available on: Apple iOS (iPad, iPhone and iPod touch)
Video recorded on: iPhone 4S
===================================
For more info and videos, visit:
● http://www.youtube.com/BatmanArkhamVideos
● http://www.batman-arkham.com
● http://www.games-series.com
- published: 14 Mar 2012
- views: 16586
- author: BatmanArkhamVideos
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough - Joker Boss Fight
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:48
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Mission Walkthrough Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough Playlist:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD3DB8FCCA944E8C9&feature;=view_all
===================================
Location: Gotham Rooftops
Boss Fight: Joker
===================================
Related Game Center Achievements:
- The Brave and the Bold
- Last Laugh
- Lockdown Lifted
- The Killing Joke
- Invisible Predator
===================================
Game available on: Apple iOS (iPad, iPhone and iPod touch)
Video recorded on: iPhone 4S
===================================
For more info and videos, visit:
● http://www.youtube.com/BatmanArkhamVideos
● http://www.batman-arkham.com
● http://www.games-series.com
http://wn.com/Batman_Arkham_City_Lockdown_Walkthrough_Joker_Boss_Fight
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Mission Walkthrough Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough Playlist:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD3DB8FCCA944E8C9&feature;=view_all
===================================
Location: Gotham Rooftops
Boss Fight: Joker
===================================
Related Game Center Achievements:
- The Brave and the Bold
- Last Laugh
- Lockdown Lifted
- The Killing Joke
- Invisible Predator
===================================
Game available on: Apple iOS (iPad, iPhone and iPod touch)
Video recorded on: iPhone 4S
===================================
For more info and videos, visit:
● http://www.youtube.com/BatmanArkhamVideos
● http://www.batman-arkham.com
● http://www.games-series.com
- published: 15 Mar 2012
- views: 28463
- author: BatmanArkhamVideos
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough - Industrial District
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:51
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Mission Walkthrough Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough Playlist:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD3DB8FCCA944E8C9&feature;=view_all
===================================
Location: Industrial District (Harley Quinn Thugs)
===================================
Related Game Center Achievements:
- Fastest Bat Alive
===================================
Game available on: Apple iOS (iPad, iPhone and iPod touch)
Video recorded on: iPhone 4S
===================================
For more info and videos, visit:
● http://www.youtube.com/BatmanArkhamVideos
● http://www.batman-arkham.com
● http://www.games-series.com
http://wn.com/Batman_Arkham_City_Lockdown_Walkthrough_Industrial_District
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Mission Walkthrough Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough Playlist:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD3DB8FCCA944E8C9&feature;=view_all
===================================
Location: Industrial District (Harley Quinn Thugs)
===================================
Related Game Center Achievements:
- Fastest Bat Alive
===================================
Game available on: Apple iOS (iPad, iPhone and iPod touch)
Video recorded on: iPhone 4S
===================================
For more info and videos, visit:
● http://www.youtube.com/BatmanArkhamVideos
● http://www.batman-arkham.com
● http://www.games-series.com
- published: 16 Mar 2012
- views: 8330
- author: BatmanArkhamVideos
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough - Harley Quinn Boss Fight
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:23
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Mission Walkthrough Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough Playlist:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD3DB8FCCA944E8C9&feature;=view_all
===================================
Location: Industrial District
Boss Fight: Harley Quinn & Mr. Hammer
===================================
Related Game Center Achievements:
- Gotham City Beatdown
- Mad Love
===================================
Game available on: Apple iOS (iPad, iPhone and iPod touch)
Video recorded on: iPhone 4S
===================================
For more info and videos, visit:
● http://www.youtube.com/BatmanArkhamVideos
● http://www.batman-arkham.com
● http://www.games-series.com
http://wn.com/Batman_Arkham_City_Lockdown_Walkthrough_Harley_Quinn_Boss_Fight
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Mission Walkthrough Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough Playlist:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD3DB8FCCA944E8C9&feature;=view_all
===================================
Location: Industrial District
Boss Fight: Harley Quinn & Mr. Hammer
===================================
Related Game Center Achievements:
- Gotham City Beatdown
- Mad Love
===================================
Game available on: Apple iOS (iPad, iPhone and iPod touch)
Video recorded on: iPhone 4S
===================================
For more info and videos, visit:
● http://www.youtube.com/BatmanArkhamVideos
● http://www.batman-arkham.com
● http://www.games-series.com
- published: 16 Mar 2012
- views: 105641
- author: BatmanArkhamVideos
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough - Business District
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:06
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Mission Walkthrough Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough Playlist:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD3DB8FCCA944E8C9&feature;=view_all
===================================
Location: Business District (Poison Ivy Thugs)
===================================
Game available on: Apple iOS (iPad, iPhone and iPod touch)
Video recorded on: iPhone 4S
===================================
For more info and videos, visit:
● http://www.youtube.com/BatmanArkhamVideos
● http://www.batman-arkham.com
● http://www.games-series.com
http://wn.com/Batman_Arkham_City_Lockdown_Walkthrough_Business_District
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Mission Walkthrough Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough Playlist:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD3DB8FCCA944E8C9&feature;=view_all
===================================
Location: Business District (Poison Ivy Thugs)
===================================
Game available on: Apple iOS (iPad, iPhone and iPod touch)
Video recorded on: iPhone 4S
===================================
For more info and videos, visit:
● http://www.youtube.com/BatmanArkhamVideos
● http://www.batman-arkham.com
● http://www.games-series.com
- published: 09 Apr 2012
- views: 12626
- author: BatmanArkhamVideos
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough - Poison Ivy Boss Fight
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:52
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Mission Walkthrough Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough Playlist:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD3DB8FCCA944E8C9&feature;=view_all
===================================
Location: Business District
Boss Fight: Poison Ivy & Robin
===================================
Related Game Center Achievements:
- Untouchable
- Femme Fatale
===================================
Game available on: Apple iOS (iPad, iPhone and iPod touch)
Video recorded on: iPhone 4S
===================================
For more info and videos, visit:
● http://www.youtube.com/BatmanArkhamVideos
● http://www.batman-arkham.com
● http://www.games-series.com
http://wn.com/Batman_Arkham_City_Lockdown_Walkthrough_Poison_Ivy_Boss_Fight
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Mission Walkthrough Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough Playlist:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD3DB8FCCA944E8C9&feature;=view_all
===================================
Location: Business District
Boss Fight: Poison Ivy & Robin
===================================
Related Game Center Achievements:
- Untouchable
- Femme Fatale
===================================
Game available on: Apple iOS (iPad, iPhone and iPod touch)
Video recorded on: iPhone 4S
===================================
For more info and videos, visit:
● http://www.youtube.com/BatmanArkhamVideos
● http://www.batman-arkham.com
● http://www.games-series.com
- published: 09 Apr 2012
- views: 90607
- author: BatmanArkhamVideos
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough - Credits
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:21
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Credits Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough Playlist:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD3DB8FCCA944E8C9&feature;=view_all
===================================
Game available on: Apple iOS (iPad, iPhone and iPod touch)
Video recorded on: iPhone 4S
===================================
For more info and videos, visit:
● http://www.youtube.com/BatmanArkhamVideos
● http://www.batman-arkham.com
● http://www.games-series.com
http://wn.com/Batman_Arkham_City_Lockdown_Walkthrough_Credits
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Credits Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough Playlist:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD3DB8FCCA944E8C9&feature;=view_all
===================================
Game available on: Apple iOS (iPad, iPhone and iPod touch)
Video recorded on: iPhone 4S
===================================
For more info and videos, visit:
● http://www.youtube.com/BatmanArkhamVideos
● http://www.batman-arkham.com
● http://www.games-series.com
- published: 10 Apr 2012
- views: 4945
- author: BatmanArkhamVideos
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown - Biographies
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:38
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Biographies Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough Playlist:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD3DB8FCCA944E8C9&feature;=view_all
===================================
This video shows the biographies for all characters in the game:
- Batman
- Bruce Wayne
- Two-Face
- Deathstroke
- Solomon Grundy
- The Joker
- Harley Quinn
- Poison Ivy
===================================
Game available on: Apple iOS (iPad, iPhone and iPod touch)
Video recorded on: iPhone 4S
===================================
For more info and videos, visit:
● http://www.youtube.com/BatmanArkhamVideos
● http://www.batman-arkham.com
● http://www.games-series.com
http://wn.com/Batman_Arkham_City_Lockdown_Biographies
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Biographies Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough Playlist:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD3DB8FCCA944E8C9&feature;=view_all
===================================
This video shows the biographies for all characters in the game:
- Batman
- Bruce Wayne
- Two-Face
- Deathstroke
- Solomon Grundy
- The Joker
- Harley Quinn
- Poison Ivy
===================================
Game available on: Apple iOS (iPad, iPhone and iPod touch)
Video recorded on: iPhone 4S
===================================
For more info and videos, visit:
● http://www.youtube.com/BatmanArkhamVideos
● http://www.batman-arkham.com
● http://www.games-series.com
- published: 11 Apr 2012
- views: 17688
- author: BatmanArkhamVideos
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown - Death Scenes
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:43
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Death Scenes Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough Playlist:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD3DB8FCCA944E8C9&feature;=view_all
===================================
This video shows the Death Scenes you get when Batman dies or fails the mission in the game.
- Two-Face (Death Scene)
- Solomon Grundy (Death Scene)
- Deathstroke (Alternate Ending & Death Scene)
- The Joker (Death Scene)
- Harley Quinn (Mission Failed & Death Scene)
- Poison Ivy (Death Scene)
===================================
Game available on: Apple iOS (iPad, iPhone and iPod touch)
Video recorded on: iPhone 4S
===================================
For more info and videos, visit:
● http://www.youtube.com/BatmanArkhamVideos
● http://www.batman-arkham.com
● http://www.games-series.com
http://wn.com/Batman_Arkham_City_Lockdown_Death_Scenes
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Death Scenes Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough Playlist:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD3DB8FCCA944E8C9&feature;=view_all
===================================
This video shows the Death Scenes you get when Batman dies or fails the mission in the game.
- Two-Face (Death Scene)
- Solomon Grundy (Death Scene)
- Deathstroke (Alternate Ending & Death Scene)
- The Joker (Death Scene)
- Harley Quinn (Mission Failed & Death Scene)
- Poison Ivy (Death Scene)
===================================
Game available on: Apple iOS (iPad, iPhone and iPod touch)
Video recorded on: iPhone 4S
===================================
For more info and videos, visit:
● http://www.youtube.com/BatmanArkhamVideos
● http://www.batman-arkham.com
● http://www.games-series.com
- published: 11 Apr 2012
- views: 91861
- author: BatmanArkhamVideos
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown - Kano vs Batman - Easter Egg
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:36
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Easter Egg Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough Playlist:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD3DB8FCCA944E8C9&feature;=view_all
===================================
Easter Egg - Batman vs Kano
If you start the EMP Challenge in the Gotham Steel Mill, you can fight against Kano, a fictional character in the Mortal Kombat game series.
Kano appears as the last enemy during the three challenges, and he also throws a pair of knives at Batman (one of his signature moves).
This is a reference to the remake of the Mortal Kombat series for Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 developed by NetherRealm Studios, the same studio behind Batman: Arkham City Lockdown for iOS.
===================================
Game available on: Apple iOS (iPad, iPhone and iPod touch)
Video recorded on: iPhone 4S
===================================
For more info and videos, visit:
● http://www.youtube.com/BatmanArkhamVideos
● http://www.batman-arkham.com
● http://www.games-series.com
http://wn.com/Batman_Arkham_City_Lockdown_Kano_vs_Batman_Easter_Egg
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Easter Egg Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough Playlist:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD3DB8FCCA944E8C9&feature;=view_all
===================================
Easter Egg - Batman vs Kano
If you start the EMP Challenge in the Gotham Steel Mill, you can fight against Kano, a fictional character in the Mortal Kombat game series.
Kano appears as the last enemy during the three challenges, and he also throws a pair of knives at Batman (one of his signature moves).
This is a reference to the remake of the Mortal Kombat series for Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 developed by NetherRealm Studios, the same studio behind Batman: Arkham City Lockdown for iOS.
===================================
Game available on: Apple iOS (iPad, iPhone and iPod touch)
Video recorded on: iPhone 4S
===================================
For more info and videos, visit:
● http://www.youtube.com/BatmanArkhamVideos
● http://www.batman-arkham.com
● http://www.games-series.com
- published: 11 Apr 2012
- views: 63594
- author: BatmanArkhamVideos
2:07
Batman: Arkham City - Game of the Year Edition
Find us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/batmanarkhamcity
Batman: Arkham City The Gam...
published: 23 Apr 2012
author: BatmanArkhamCity
Batman: Arkham City - Game of the Year Edition
Find us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/batmanarkhamcity
Batman: Arkham City The Game of the Year Edition includes:
o Full Game with all Updates
o All new DLC (Harley Quinn's Revenge)
o All previously released DLC packs
o Movie Download: Batman Year One (USA and Canada only)
- published: 23 Apr 2012
- views: 937794
- author: BatmanArkhamCity
0:37
Batman: Arkham City : Harley Quinn's Revenge Teaser
Find us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/batmanarkhamcity
Get the all new story cont...
published: 15 May 2012
author: BatmanArkhamCity
Batman: Arkham City : Harley Quinn's Revenge Teaser
Find us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/batmanarkhamcity
Get the all new story content DLC for Batman: Arkham City from May 29th on Xbox 360 and Playstation 3
- published: 15 May 2012
- views: 81143
- author: BatmanArkhamCity
0:36
Robin - Batman: Arkham City
Find us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/batmanarkhamcity
Download the fully playable...
published: 22 Nov 2011
author: BatmanArkhamCity
Robin - Batman: Arkham City
Find us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/batmanarkhamcity
Download the fully playable Robin character add-on for Batman: Arkham City. Robin comes complete with his own unique gadgets and special moves, and is playable in all challenge maps in the game, as well as two additional challenge maps that are included with the pack. The pack also contains a bonus Animated Robin and Red Robin character skins.
Robin Downloadable Content available starting November 22nd, 2011.
- published: 22 Nov 2011
- views: 331496
- author: BatmanArkhamCity
1:50
Nightwing - Batman: Arkham City
Find us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/batmanarkhamcity
Download the fully playable...
published: 26 Oct 2011
author: BatmanArkhamCity
Nightwing - Batman: Arkham City
Find us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/batmanarkhamcity
Download the fully playable Nightwing character add-on for Batman: Arkham City. Nightwing comes complete with his own unique gadgets and special moves, and is playable in all challenge maps in the game, as well as two additional challenge maps that are included with the pack: Wayne Manor and Main Hall. The pack also contains a bonus Animated Nightwing character skin.
Nightwing DLC available starting November 1st, 2011.
- published: 26 Oct 2011
- views: 683199
- author: BatmanArkhamCity
1:55
The Joker - Batman: Arkham City
"We are coming to the end aren't we? When you see what I've been planing all along, you'll...
published: 23 Sep 2011
author: BatmanArkhamCity
The Joker - Batman: Arkham City
"We are coming to the end aren't we? When you see what I've been planing all along, you'll just die!" - The Joker
Featuring "The Years" by (Crosses) as heard on Batman: Arkham City - The Album. Available here: http://itunes.apple.com/us/preorder/batmam-arkham-city-deluxe/id465122412
- published: 23 Sep 2011
- views: 2132791
- author: BatmanArkhamCity
1:30
Mr. Freeze - Batman: Arkham City
Find us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/BatmanArkhamCity
"Have you ever seen a flowe...
published: 15 Aug 2011
author: BatmanArkhamCity
Mr. Freeze - Batman: Arkham City
Find us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/BatmanArkhamCity
"Have you ever seen a flower die? Watched something that was once so beautiful, so full of life, collapse and rot from within?" - Dr. Victor Fries
- published: 15 Aug 2011
- views: 1471080
- author: BatmanArkhamCity
2:34
Hugo Strange - Batman: Arkham City
Batman: Arkham City builds upon the intense, atmospheric foundation of Batman: Arkham Asyl...
published: 15 Jun 2011
author: BatmanArkhamCity
Hugo Strange - Batman: Arkham City
Batman: Arkham City builds upon the intense, atmospheric foundation of Batman: Arkham Asylum, sending players soaring into Arkham City, the new maximum security "home" for all of Gotham City's thugs, gangsters and insane criminal masterminds.
Set inside the heavily fortified walls of a sprawling district in the heart of Gotham City, this highly anticipated sequel introduces a brand-new story that draws together a new all-star cast of classic characters and murderous villains from the Batman universe, as well as a vast range of new and enhanced gameplay features to deliver the ultimate experience as the Dark Knight.
- published: 15 Jun 2011
- views: 1144284
- author: BatmanArkhamCity
2:12
Penguin - Batman: Arkham City
Find us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/BatmanArkhamCity
Oswald Chesterfield Cobblep...
published: 06 Dec 2011
author: BatmanArkhamCity
Penguin - Batman: Arkham City
Find us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/BatmanArkhamCity
Oswald Chesterfield Cobblepot, AKA -- Penguin, is continuing his shady business dealing within Arkham City, bringing chaos and corruption to the dark alleys and foreboding corridors of the sprawling cityscape. The foul fiend brings his criminal and financial genius, hand-to-hand expertise, treacherous toys and his feathered friends into the walled streets of Arkham City, with the sole aspiration of ridding the world of the Dark Knight.
- published: 06 Dec 2011
- views: 642456
- author: BatmanArkhamCity
1:43
Riddler - Batman: Arkham Ciy
Find us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/BatmanArkhamCity
"Can you defeat a mind such...
published: 06 Dec 2011
author: BatmanArkhamCity
Riddler - Batman: Arkham Ciy
Find us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/BatmanArkhamCity
"Can you defeat a mind such as mine?"
"These challenges are far beyond a mind such as yours Batman." - Edward Nigma aka Riddler
- published: 06 Dec 2011
- views: 566546
- author: BatmanArkhamCity
2:13
Catwoman - Batman: Arkham City
Find us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/BatmanArkhamCity
Play as Catwoman! Gamers wi...
published: 06 Dec 2011
author: BatmanArkhamCity
Catwoman - Batman: Arkham City
Find us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/BatmanArkhamCity
Play as Catwoman! Gamers will have a chance to indulge in their darker side and explore Arkham City as the infamous feline femme fatale.
Complete with her own storyline in the main game, Catwoman's adventure complements Batman's central role and is seamlessly interwoven with his main story arc. She will also be playable in the challenge maps with her own unique combat moves, gadgetry and signature 'takedowns'.
- published: 06 Dec 2011
- views: 634191
- author: BatmanArkhamCity
2:19
"No Place for a Hero" - Batman: Arkham City
Find us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/BatmanArkhamCity
"Ain't No Place for a Hero....
published: 06 Dec 2011
author: BatmanArkhamCity
"No Place for a Hero" - Batman: Arkham City
Find us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/BatmanArkhamCity
"Ain't No Place for a Hero." Check out the world premiere of Batman: Arkham City Gameplay
- published: 06 Dec 2011
- views: 869051
- author: BatmanArkhamCity
0:57
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown
Get Batman: Arkham City: Lockdown on iTunes
http://bit.ly/rE6VgO
The inmates have escape...
published: 07 Dec 2011
author: BatmanArkhamCity
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown
Get Batman: Arkham City: Lockdown on iTunes
http://bit.ly/rE6VgO
The inmates have escaped and Batman has his hands full defeating an army of henchmen and some of his most iconic villains. Scour the rooftops and the seedy underbelly of Gotham City through a series of one-on-one battles with the Joker, Two-Face and more, as well as the Batman: Arkham City Lockdown exclusive -- Deathstroke. Choose from several Batman skins and power-ups as you punch, kick and combo your way to cleaning up Gotham City
- published: 07 Dec 2011
- views: 285169
- author: BatmanArkhamCity
1:27
Challenge Map Pack - Batman: Arkham City
Find us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/batmanarkhamcity
Download the Challenge Map ...
published: 16 Dec 2011
author: BatmanArkhamCity
Challenge Map Pack - Batman: Arkham City
Find us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/batmanarkhamcity
Download the Challenge Map Pack! This pack contains three all new challenge maps: The Joker's Carnival, Iceberg Lounge and The Batcave. These challenge maps are playable as Batman and any of the downloadable playable characters Catwoman, Night Wing and Robin.
Available now via Xbox Live and PlayStation Network.
- published: 16 Dec 2011
- views: 48549
- author: BatmanArkhamCity
1:25
The Arkham Bundle - Batman: Arkham City
Find us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/batmanarkhamcity
The Arkham Bundle contains ...
published: 16 Dec 2011
author: BatmanArkhamCity
The Arkham Bundle - Batman: Arkham City
Find us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/batmanarkhamcity
The Arkham Bundle contains the Nightwing Bundle Pack, Robin Bundle Pack and Arkham City Skins Pack. It is three incredible Arkham City DLC packs available for a discounted price! Warning: The Arkham Bundle contains previously released DLC packs. Do not purchase this pack if you have already purchased the previous DLC packs.
Available now via Xbox Live and PlayStation Network.
- published: 16 Dec 2011
- views: 93545
- author: BatmanArkhamCity
Vimeo results:
5:30
The Sandpit
A day in the life of New York City, in miniature.
Winner: Prix Ars Electronica Award of ...
published: 23 Feb 2010
author: Sam O'Hare
The Sandpit
A day in the life of New York City, in miniature.
Winner: Prix Ars Electronica Award of Distinction 2010
Nominee: Webby Awards 2011 - Best Viral, Best Music
Official Selection: AFI Fest 2010
Official Selection: Tiburon Film Festival 2011
Original Music: composed by Human (http://www.humanworldwide.com), co-written by Rosi Golan and Alex Wong.
Please view in HD and full screen for best effect. For a description of the shoot, camera, lenses and workflow, please see here: http://bit.ly/aFmaPZ
3:28
The City Limits
*****Watch my Latest Time Lapse Video called Civilization Part I - Europe: http://vimeo.c...
published: 03 May 2011
author: Dominic
The City Limits
*****Watch my Latest Time Lapse Video called Civilization Part I - Europe: http://vimeo.com/dominicboudreault/civilization
---------------------------
About the Project
---------------------------
As of today, it is estimated that there are more than 7 billion humans living on Earth.
Humans have only been a glimpse in the Earth’s timeline, yet in the last 200 years the evolution of mankind has skyrocketed as well as the need for Earth’s resources.
Skyscrapers are growing taller than the next, like huge trees battling for sunlight. At night, from a higher point of view, traffic evokes lava flowing down a volcano.
Like a giant ant colony, humans have made this planet their own. But what about the Earth? Can we continue to take without consequences?
The City Limits tries to show that even though humans are the dominant species on the planet, there is something bigger than us.
In Carl Sagan’s own words “Our planet is a lonely speck in the great enveloping cosmic dark. In our obscurity, in all this vastness, there is no hint that help will come from elsewhere to save us from ourselves. It is up to us.”
Human progress and technology are developing at exponential rates but at what cost?
Where is the city’s limit?
---------------------------
Technical Info
---------------------------
Camera: Canon 5D Mark II
Lenses: Canon 14 II, Canon 24 II, Canon 70-200
Music: Time by Hans Zimmer
---------------------------
Licensing
---------------------------
For licensing information please visit: dominicboudreault.com/licensing
---------------------------
Connect with Me
---------------------------
Website: www.dominicboudreault.com
Facebook: facebook.com/timelapsephotographer
Twitter: twitter.com/domboudreault
2:52
The Unseen Sea
Update: Thanks so much for all your comments! I am reading them all and enjoy them a lot! ...
published: 17 Sep 2010
author: Simon Christen
The Unseen Sea
Update: Thanks so much for all your comments! I am reading them all and enjoy them a lot! I am sorry I can't reply to all of you. I am traveling at the moment and only have internet access once in a while. I hope to get to all the questions eventually. Thanks again!
A collection of time lapses I took around the San Francisco Bay Area roughly shot over the period of one year.
Please watch in HD :-)
Find more of my work on my website www.simonchristen.com
Follow me on my Facebook page: http://www.facebook.com/pages/Simon-Christen-Photography/183499695028114
or on my flickr account: www.flickr.com/seemoo
Music by Nick Cave - Mary's Song from the Soundtrack of "Assassination of Jesse James"
3:49
View from the ISS at Night
Every frame in this video is a photograph taken from the International Space Station. All ...
published: 16 Jul 2012
author: Knate Myers
View from the ISS at Night
Every frame in this video is a photograph taken from the International Space Station. All credit goes to the crews on board the ISS.
I removed noise and edited some shots in photoshop. Compiled and arranged in Sony Vegas.
*** Thank you all for the amazing support this video has received. I'm glad so many have enjoyed it.****
Music by John Murphy - Sunshine (Adagio In D Minor)
Performed by the City Of Prague Philharmonic
http://www.amazon.com/dp/B003YYX1YG/?tag=you09f-20
Image Courtesy of the Image Science & Analysis Laboratory,
NASA Johnson Space Center, The Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth
http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov
Youtube results:
2:40
Robin's Moves PS3
Become Robin, and master the Boy Wonder's move sets....
published: 23 Dec 2011
author: BatmanArkhamCity
Robin's Moves PS3
Become Robin, and master the Boy Wonder's move sets.
- published: 23 Dec 2011
- views: 14
- author: BatmanArkhamCity
0:52
Batman Arkham City Lockdown - Poison Ivy
Poison Ivy joins Batman: Arkham City Lockdown in this update featuring a brand new level, ...
published: 16 Mar 2012
author: BatmanArkhamCity
Batman Arkham City Lockdown - Poison Ivy
Poison Ivy joins Batman: Arkham City Lockdown in this update featuring a brand new level, more skins and achievements!
Optimized for the New iPad.
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/id459850726
- published: 16 Mar 2012
- views: 60877
- author: BatmanArkhamCity
1:33
Batman Skins Pack - Batman: Arkham City
Find us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/batmanarkhamcity
Download the Arkham City Sk...
published: 07 Dec 2011
author: BatmanArkhamCity
Batman Skins Pack - Batman: Arkham City
Find us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/batmanarkhamcity
Download the Arkham City Skins Pack. The Arkham City Skins Pack contains seven bonus Batman skins: 1970s Batman, Year One Batman, The Dark Knight Returns, Earth One, Batman Beyond, Animated Batman and Sinestro Corps Batman. The seven Batman skins can be used in storyline mode upon completion of main story and all challenge maps.
Available starting November 6th, 2011-12-06
- published: 07 Dec 2011
- views: 1002834
- author: BatmanArkhamCity
1:41
Harley Quinn's Revenge 'Payback Trailer'
Find us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/batmanarkhamcity
Get the all new story cont...
published: 17 May 2012
author: BatmanArkhamCity
Harley Quinn's Revenge 'Payback Trailer'
Find us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/batmanarkhamcity
Get the all new story content DLC for Batman: Arkham City from May 29th on Xbox 360 and Playstation 3
- published: 17 May 2012
- views: 257951
- author: BatmanArkhamCity
21:53
INSIDE CITY 61: Super Bowl Arm Wrestle
After years of feuding, Micah Richards and Joleon Lescott finally get the arm wrestle on -...
published: 01 Feb 2013
author: mcfcofficial
INSIDE CITY 61: Super Bowl Arm Wrestle
After years of feuding, Micah Richards and Joleon Lescott finally get the arm wrestle on - twice! It's access all areas to the Champions of the Barclays Premier League, Manchester City.
Subscribe for FREE and never miss another CityTV video.
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- published: 01 Feb 2013
- views: 19793
- author: mcfcofficial
12:30
INSIDE CITY 60 - Kolarov targets camera
In this weeks episode, CityTV have the players in front of a green screen again with some ...
published: 26 Jan 2013
author: mcfcofficial
INSIDE CITY 60 - Kolarov targets camera
In this weeks episode, CityTV have the players in front of a green screen again with some funny results. Kolarov takes aim at the camera in training and some daft wigs are in place for comic relief.
Subscribe for FREE and never miss another CityTV video.
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- published: 26 Jan 2013
- views: 27469
- author: mcfcofficial
20:19
INSIDE CITY 59: Headcam in goalkeeper training
CityTV trials some new camera kit in training with the goalkeepers with Richard Wright wea...
published: 26 Jan 2013
author: mcfcofficial
INSIDE CITY 59: Headcam in goalkeeper training
CityTV trials some new camera kit in training with the goalkeepers with Richard Wright wearing the headcam.
In an evening with VitaStudent, Roberto Mancini reveals the truth about the widely reported incident on the training ground with Mario Balotelli.
Pablo Zabaleta receives his Player of the Month Award and gives some fans a present.
Subscribe for FREE and never miss another CityTV video.
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- published: 26 Jan 2013
- views: 50386
- author: mcfcofficial
15:39
INSIDE CITY 58 - Balotelli goes blond
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published: 12 Jan 2013
author: mcfcofficial
INSIDE CITY 58 - Balotelli goes blond
Subscribe for FREE and never miss another CityTV video.
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Watch every episode of Inside City
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- published: 12 Jan 2013
- views: 80518
- author: mcfcofficial
11:55
INSIDE CITY 57 - Training ground action
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published: 05 Jan 2013
author: mcfcofficial
INSIDE CITY 57 - Training ground action
Subscribe for FREE and never miss another CityTV video.
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Watch Episode 56
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- published: 05 Jan 2013
- views: 62397
- author: mcfcofficial
10:30
INSIDE CITY 56 - Joe Hart scores a screamer
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published: 02 Jan 2013
author: mcfcofficial
INSIDE CITY 56 - Joe Hart scores a screamer
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- published: 02 Jan 2013
- views: 82782
- author: mcfcofficial
18:55
INSIDE CITY 55: Dr Clichy converts a red to blue
Manchester City players take part in the Club's annual Christmas visit to see patients at ...
published: 14 Dec 2012
author: mcfcofficial
INSIDE CITY 55: Dr Clichy converts a red to blue
Manchester City players take part in the Club's annual Christmas visit to see patients at the Royal Manchester Children's Hospital.
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- published: 14 Dec 2012
- views: 41157
- author: mcfcofficial
11:30
INSIDE CITY 54 - Why always me?
Subscribe for FREE and never miss another CityTV video.
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published: 07 Dec 2012
author: mcfcofficial
INSIDE CITY 54 - Why always me?
Subscribe for FREE and never miss another CityTV video.
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EVERY SATURDAY - EXCLUSIVE Behind the Scenes at MCFC
CLICK HERE to watch all episodes:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2531B096FE5AAE98
http://www.mcfc.co.uk
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- published: 07 Dec 2012
- views: 78116
- author: mcfcofficial
11:10
INSIDE CITY 53: Mancini - was it a foul?
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published: 30 Nov 2012
author: mcfcofficial
INSIDE CITY 53: Mancini - was it a foul?
Subscribe for FREE and never miss another CityTV video.
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- published: 30 Nov 2012
- views: 93734
- author: mcfcofficial
17:22
INSIDE CITY 52: Mourinho's Madrid in Manchester
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published: 23 Nov 2012
author: mcfcofficial
INSIDE CITY 52: Mourinho's Madrid in Manchester
Subscribe for FREE and never miss another CityTV video.
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EVERY SATURDAY - EXCLUSIVE Behind the Scenes at MCFC
CLICK HERE to watch all episodes:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2531B096FE5AAE98
http://www.mcfc.co.uk
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- published: 23 Nov 2012
- views: 95911
- author: mcfcofficial
14:40
INSIDE CITY 51 - Tevez training goals & Guidetti loves Zlatan Ibrahimovic
This week at Manchester City:
Carlos Tevez lights up Carrington with a brilliant display ...
published: 16 Nov 2012
author: mcfcofficial
INSIDE CITY 51 - Tevez training goals & Guidetti loves Zlatan Ibrahimovic
This week at Manchester City:
Carlos Tevez lights up Carrington with a brilliant display of finishing whilst Sweden striker John Guidetti has bragging rights after Zlatan Imbrahimovic's four goals against England. Also, CBBC presenter Cel Spellman visits The Etihad Stadium.
EVERY SATURDAY - EXCLUSIVE Behind the Scenes at MCFC
CLICK HERE to watch all episodes:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2531B096FE5AAE98
http://www.mcfc.co.uk
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- published: 16 Nov 2012
- views: 64437
- author: mcfcofficial
24:45
INSIDE CITY 50: Mario meets Mario
This week at Manchester City:
Behind the scenes around Ajax's trip to Manchester for the ...
published: 09 Nov 2012
author: mcfcofficial
INSIDE CITY 50: Mario meets Mario
This week at Manchester City:
Behind the scenes around Ajax's trip to Manchester for the Champions league clash. John Guidetti sits down with CityTV as the #ask series returns, and John takes on an unexpected challenge.
Yaya Toure, Javi Garcia, Samir Nasri and Sergio Aguero take part in a fashion shoot for Hugo Boss (watch out for more of that), and Mario is up to mischief in training, as well as meeting his mini Mario
EVERY SATURDAY - EXCLUSIVE Behind the Scenes at MCFC
CLICK HERE to watch all episodes:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2531B096FE5AAE98
http://www.mcfc.co.uk
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- published: 09 Nov 2012
- views: 165721
- author: mcfcofficial
17:02
INSIDE CITY 49: Golf with Dzeko & FIFA 13 skills
This week at Manchester City:
The Etihad Stadium takes on a new look when the neon sign i...
published: 03 Nov 2012
author: mcfcofficial
INSIDE CITY 49: Golf with Dzeko & FIFA 13 skills
This week at Manchester City:
The Etihad Stadium takes on a new look when the neon sign is updated.
Roberto Mancini takes the squad for training. Micah Richards is back at Carrington after an operation and is on crutches, whilst David Silva and Maicon continue their recovery. Zabaleta and Javi Garcia are back training with the main group after their time out with injury as well.
The EA Sports FIFA 13 game hub is at Carrington. Lescott, Hart, Milner and Barry take each other on, with last year's winner Joleon again coming out on op and taking the trophy.
At the Stadium, Vincent Kompany, Kolo Toure, Jack Rodwel and Costel Pantilimon enjoy the facilities of the EA Sports box and take each other on at FIFA 13 and also give interviews to the media.
At the Factory Youth Zone in Eccles, Manchester, Edin Dzeko, Matija Nastasic and Scott Sinclair meet the kids, sign autographs, play basketball, golf - and even have a go at some cooking.
EVERY SATURDAY - EXCLUSIVE Behind the Scenes at MCFC
CLICK HERE to watch all episodes:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2531B096FE5AAE98
http://www.mcfc.co.uk
http://www.facebook.com/mcfcofficial
http://www.twitter.com/mcfc
- published: 03 Nov 2012
- views: 55287
- author: mcfcofficial
13:38
INSIDE CITY 48: Aguero, Zabaleta and Tevez keep-ups at Ajax
EVERY SATURDAY - EXCLUSIVE Behind the Scenes at MCFC
CLICK HERE to watch all episodes:
htt...
published: 26 Oct 2012
author: mcfcofficial
INSIDE CITY 48: Aguero, Zabaleta and Tevez keep-ups at Ajax
EVERY SATURDAY - EXCLUSIVE Behind the Scenes at MCFC
CLICK HERE to watch all episodes:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2531B096FE5AAE98
http://www.mcfc.co.uk
http://www.facebook.com/mcfcofficial
http://www.twitter.com/mcfc
- published: 26 Oct 2012
- views: 48400
- author: mcfcofficial
Vimeo results:
5:30
The Sandpit
A day in the life of New York City, in miniature.
Winner: Prix Ars Electronica Award of ...
published: 23 Feb 2010
author: Sam O'Hare
The Sandpit
A day in the life of New York City, in miniature.
Winner: Prix Ars Electronica Award of Distinction 2010
Nominee: Webby Awards 2011 - Best Viral, Best Music
Official Selection: AFI Fest 2010
Official Selection: Tiburon Film Festival 2011
Original Music: composed by Human (http://www.humanworldwide.com), co-written by Rosi Golan and Alex Wong.
Please view in HD and full screen for best effect. For a description of the shoot, camera, lenses and workflow, please see here: http://bit.ly/aFmaPZ
3:28
The City Limits
*****Watch my Latest Time Lapse Video called Civilization Part I - Europe: http://vimeo.c...
published: 03 May 2011
author: Dominic
The City Limits
*****Watch my Latest Time Lapse Video called Civilization Part I - Europe: http://vimeo.com/dominicboudreault/civilization
---------------------------
About the Project
---------------------------
As of today, it is estimated that there are more than 7 billion humans living on Earth.
Humans have only been a glimpse in the Earth’s timeline, yet in the last 200 years the evolution of mankind has skyrocketed as well as the need for Earth’s resources.
Skyscrapers are growing taller than the next, like huge trees battling for sunlight. At night, from a higher point of view, traffic evokes lava flowing down a volcano.
Like a giant ant colony, humans have made this planet their own. But what about the Earth? Can we continue to take without consequences?
The City Limits tries to show that even though humans are the dominant species on the planet, there is something bigger than us.
In Carl Sagan’s own words “Our planet is a lonely speck in the great enveloping cosmic dark. In our obscurity, in all this vastness, there is no hint that help will come from elsewhere to save us from ourselves. It is up to us.”
Human progress and technology are developing at exponential rates but at what cost?
Where is the city’s limit?
---------------------------
Technical Info
---------------------------
Camera: Canon 5D Mark II
Lenses: Canon 14 II, Canon 24 II, Canon 70-200
Music: Time by Hans Zimmer
---------------------------
Licensing
---------------------------
For licensing information please visit: dominicboudreault.com/licensing
---------------------------
Connect with Me
---------------------------
Website: www.dominicboudreault.com
Facebook: facebook.com/timelapsephotographer
Twitter: twitter.com/domboudreault
2:52
The Unseen Sea
Update: Thanks so much for all your comments! I am reading them all and enjoy them a lot! ...
published: 17 Sep 2010
author: Simon Christen
The Unseen Sea
Update: Thanks so much for all your comments! I am reading them all and enjoy them a lot! I am sorry I can't reply to all of you. I am traveling at the moment and only have internet access once in a while. I hope to get to all the questions eventually. Thanks again!
A collection of time lapses I took around the San Francisco Bay Area roughly shot over the period of one year.
Please watch in HD :-)
Find more of my work on my website www.simonchristen.com
Follow me on my Facebook page: http://www.facebook.com/pages/Simon-Christen-Photography/183499695028114
or on my flickr account: www.flickr.com/seemoo
Music by Nick Cave - Mary's Song from the Soundtrack of "Assassination of Jesse James"
3:49
View from the ISS at Night
Every frame in this video is a photograph taken from the International Space Station. All ...
published: 16 Jul 2012
author: Knate Myers
View from the ISS at Night
Every frame in this video is a photograph taken from the International Space Station. All credit goes to the crews on board the ISS.
I removed noise and edited some shots in photoshop. Compiled and arranged in Sony Vegas.
*** Thank you all for the amazing support this video has received. I'm glad so many have enjoyed it.****
Music by John Murphy - Sunshine (Adagio In D Minor)
Performed by the City Of Prague Philharmonic
http://www.amazon.com/dp/B003YYX1YG/?tag=you09f-20
Image Courtesy of the Image Science & Analysis Laboratory,
NASA Johnson Space Center, The Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth
http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov
Youtube results:
18:49
INSIDE CITY 47: Balotelli penalty practise & Javi in Abu Dhabi
EVERY SATURDAY - EXCLUSIVE Behind the Scenes at MCFC
CLICK HERE to watch all episodes:
htt...
published: 19 Oct 2012
author: mcfcofficial
INSIDE CITY 47: Balotelli penalty practise & Javi in Abu Dhabi
EVERY SATURDAY - EXCLUSIVE Behind the Scenes at MCFC
CLICK HERE to watch all episodes:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2531B096FE5AAE98
http://www.mcfc.co.uk
http://www.facebook.com/mcfcofficial
http://www.twitter.com/mcfc
- published: 19 Oct 2012
- views: 98898
- author: mcfcofficial
13:32
INSIDE CITY 46: Tevez and Nasri training goals
City's Under 21 side play Wolves, with a penalty after a foul on Denis Suarez converted by...
published: 12 Oct 2012
author: mcfcofficial
INSIDE CITY 46: Tevez and Nasri training goals
City's Under 21 side play Wolves, with a penalty after a foul on Denis Suarez converted by Scott Sinclair to earn the blues a point.
It's international week and at Carrington and some of the younger professionals train alongside Gareth Barry, Samir Nasri, Micah Richards and Carlos Tevez.
Javi Garcia is in Abu Dhabi and his rehabilitation training continues during a trip to visit City's School of Football.
EVERY SATURDAY - EXCLUSIVE Behind the Scenes at MCFC
CLICK HERE to watch all episodes:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2531B096FE5AAE98
http://www.mcfc.co.uk
http://www.facebook.com/mcfcofficial
http://www.twitter.com/mcfc
- published: 12 Oct 2012
- views: 119469
- author: mcfcofficial
15:40
INSIDE CITY 45: Balotelli, Hart & Zabaleta speak Chinese
Mario Balotelli, Joe hart and Pablo Zabaleta pass on good wishes to City fans in China.
Go...
published: 06 Oct 2012
author: mcfcofficial
INSIDE CITY 45: Balotelli, Hart & Zabaleta speak Chinese
Mario Balotelli, Joe hart and Pablo Zabaleta pass on good wishes to City fans in China.
Goalkeeper Training with Joe Hart, Costel Pantilimon and Richard Wright under the guidance of Coach Massimo Battara.
Borussia Dortmund train at the Etihad ahead of the Champions League fixture.
Roberto Mancini visits the National Cycling Centre - across the road from the Etihad Stadium in Manchester - and is given a guided tour by the British Cycling Team's head of performance Dave Brailsford CBE.
EVERY SATURDAY - EXCLUSIVE Behind the Scenes at MCFC
CLICK HERE to watch all episodes:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2531B096FE5AAE98
http://www.mcfc.co.uk
http://www.facebook.com/mcfcofficial
http://www.twitter.com/mcfc
- published: 06 Oct 2012
- views: 133499
- author: mcfcofficial
18:26
INSIDE CITY 44: Joe Hart in FIFA 13 Tournament #FIFA13CelebCup
Behind the scenes at City's Google+ Hangout with Vieira
At Carrington Micah Richards goes ...
published: 06 Oct 2012
author: mcfcofficial
INSIDE CITY 44: Joe Hart in FIFA 13 Tournament #FIFA13CelebCup
Behind the scenes at City's Google+ Hangout with Vieira
At Carrington Micah Richards goes through his fantasy league team with John Guidetti
Joe Hart takes part in an EA event to mark the launch of FIFA 13. He's joined by Micah Richards and faces Liverpool player Jose Enrique in the #FIFA13CelebCup tournament
Maicon visits Manchester Futsal Club which has been given a Connell Award by City
Citytv follows Vincent Kompany inside the Etihad as he heads to watch the team play
Plus exclusive training footage as the squad prepares for games against Aston Villa and Fulham.
EVERY SATURDAY - EXCLUSIVE Behind the Scenes at MCFC
CLICK HERE to watch all episodes: http://www.youtube.com/user/mcfcofficial#grid/user/2531B096FE5AAE98
http://www.mcfc.co.uk
http://www.facebook.com/mcfcofficial
http://www.twitter.com/mcfc
- published: 06 Oct 2012
- views: 121077
- author: mcfcofficial
5:07
Get to Know NYC Ballet
A behind the scenes look at a day in the life of NYCB, with footage from company class and...
published: 01 Nov 2012
author: newyorkcityballet
Get to Know NYC Ballet
A behind the scenes look at a day in the life of NYCB, with footage from company class and rehearsals, backstage and in the wings, and inside the orchestra pit and pointe shoe room.
- published: 01 Nov 2012
- views: 75796
- author: newyorkcityballet
2:01
Promo for Justin Peck's YEAR OF THE RABBIT with music by Sufjan Stevens
Principal dancers Janie Taylor and Craig Hall weather a coming storm in this promo video f...
published: 01 Nov 2012
author: newyorkcityballet
Promo for Justin Peck's YEAR OF THE RABBIT with music by Sufjan Stevens
Principal dancers Janie Taylor and Craig Hall weather a coming storm in this promo video for Justin Peck's new ballet YEAR OF THE RABBIT, with music by Sufjan Stevens. Premieres October 5th!
- published: 01 Nov 2012
- views: 5922
- author: newyorkcityballet
3:04
A Crystal Palace: Redesigning the Costumes for "Symphony in C"
A behind the scenes look at the brand new costumes for Balanchine's iconic "Symphony in C"...
published: 01 Nov 2012
author: newyorkcityballet
A Crystal Palace: Redesigning the Costumes for "Symphony in C"
A behind the scenes look at the brand new costumes for Balanchine's iconic "Symphony in C". A collaboration between NYCB and Swarovski, designed by NYCB's own Director of Costumes Marc Happel, with tiaras and headpieces by Robert Sorrell and earrings by Jamie Wolf.
- published: 01 Nov 2012
- views: 11717
- author: newyorkcityballet
4:57
Edward Sharpe & The Magnetic Zeroes "Man on Fire" video, featuring NYC Ballet!
Some of your favorite dancers in NYCB are featured (around the 3:15 mark) in this official...
published: 19 Jun 2012
author: newyorkcityballet
Edward Sharpe & The Magnetic Zeroes "Man on Fire" video, featuring NYC Ballet!
Some of your favorite dancers in NYCB are featured (around the 3:15 mark) in this official video for "Man on Fire", a single from Edward Sharpe & The Magnetic Zeroes' new album "Here"
- published: 19 Jun 2012
- views: 11893
- author: newyorkcityballet
5:44
The Icon in the Costume Shop: Valentino at NYC Ballet
Go behind the scenes with legendary designer Valentino as he creates 25 new costumes for N...
published: 01 Nov 2012
author: newyorkcityballet
The Icon in the Costume Shop: Valentino at NYC Ballet
Go behind the scenes with legendary designer Valentino as he creates 25 new costumes for NYCB's Fall 2012 Gala
- published: 01 Nov 2012
- views: 14197
- author: newyorkcityballet
4:44
TWIRL Video
TWIRL video created for our recent "Dance with the Dancers 2010" event, featuring NYCB Dan...
published: 17 Jun 2010
author: newyorkcityballet
TWIRL Video
TWIRL video created for our recent "Dance with the Dancers 2010" event, featuring NYCB Dancers Sara Mearns, Amar Ramasar, Amanda Hankes and more. Enjoy!
- published: 17 Jun 2010
- views: 45260
- author: newyorkcityballet
5:45
Pointe Shoes
The Importance of the Perfect Fit. Principal Dancer Megan Fairchild discusses her pointe ...
published: 19 Nov 2009
author: newyorkcityballet
Pointe Shoes
The Importance of the Perfect Fit. Principal Dancer Megan Fairchild discusses her pointe shoes.
- published: 19 Nov 2009
- views: 274874
- author: newyorkcityballet
6:36
Recreating a Tutu's Splendor | Theme and Variations
A documentary short on the recreation of tutus for George Balanchine's "Theme and Variatio...
published: 19 Nov 2009
author: newyorkcityballet
Recreating a Tutu's Splendor | Theme and Variations
A documentary short on the recreation of tutus for George Balanchine's "Theme and Variations". NYCB is fortunate to have our own costume shop, where we're able to refurbish, maintain, and even design and create new costumes from scratch.
- published: 19 Nov 2009
- views: 66779
- author: newyorkcityballet
6:22
The Sleeping Beauty
Three Auroras | NYCB Dancers Ashley Bouder, Tiler Peck, and Kathryn Morgan discuss dancing...
published: 20 Sep 2010
author: newyorkcityballet
The Sleeping Beauty
Three Auroras | NYCB Dancers Ashley Bouder, Tiler Peck, and Kathryn Morgan discuss dancing the role of "Aurora" in "The Sleeping Beauty".
- published: 20 Sep 2010
- views: 85166
- author: newyorkcityballet
5:14
Pas de Deux: The Dancers' Perspective
Principal Dancers Megan Fairchild and Andrew Veyette give us a view of the wedding pas de ...
published: 20 Sep 2010
author: newyorkcityballet
Pas de Deux: The Dancers' Perspective
Principal Dancers Megan Fairchild and Andrew Veyette give us a view of the wedding pas de deux from "The Sleeping Beauty" from the dancers' perspective.
© 2009 New York City Ballet
- published: 20 Sep 2010
- views: 42106
- author: newyorkcityballet
5:09
When We Were Kids | NYC Ballet Dancers as Kids
When We Were Kids | NYC Ballet Dancers as Kids
This short film was shown during New York ...
published: 11 Aug 2008
author: newyorkcityballet
When We Were Kids | NYC Ballet Dancers as Kids
When We Were Kids | NYC Ballet Dancers as Kids
This short film was shown during New York City Ballet's annual Dancers' Choice Evening, June 27th 2008.
MUSIC: Ask La Cour and Henry Seth
FOOTAGE: From A Midsummer Night's Dream, Coppelia, and Mozartiana,
Choreography by George Balanchine
© The George Balanchine Trust
From Children with a Dream
Courtesy of Barbara Shelly, Producer
VIDEO: Matt Sundin/Emsfilm and New York City Ballet
©2008 New York City Ballet
- published: 11 Aug 2008
- views: 115715
- author: newyorkcityballet
3:44
Extended Interview | Georgina Pazcoguin and Adrian Danchig-Waring on Glass Pieces
Georgina Pazcoguin and Adrian Danchig-Waring talk about performing the ballet "Glass Piece...
published: 02 Mar 2011
author: newyorkcityballet
Extended Interview | Georgina Pazcoguin and Adrian Danchig-Waring on Glass Pieces
Georgina Pazcoguin and Adrian Danchig-Waring talk about performing the ballet "Glass Pieces" (Music by Philip Glass / Choreography by Jerome Robbins).
- published: 02 Mar 2011
- views: 4545
- author: newyorkcityballet
2:47
Extended Interview | A Midsummer Night's Dream
An extended interview with NYCB Soloist Adam Hendrickson on his role as "Puck" in George B...
published: 17 Nov 2009
author: newyorkcityballet
Extended Interview | A Midsummer Night's Dream
An extended interview with NYCB Soloist Adam Hendrickson on his role as "Puck" in George Balanchine's A Midsummer Night's Dream.
- published: 17 Nov 2009
- views: 10447
- author: newyorkcityballet
3:57
Extended Interview | Firebird
An extended interview with NYCB Principal Dancer, Teresa Reichlen, on dancing the "Firebir...
published: 20 Sep 2010
author: newyorkcityballet
Extended Interview | Firebird
An extended interview with NYCB Principal Dancer, Teresa Reichlen, on dancing the "Firebird" role.
- published: 20 Sep 2010
- views: 9045
- author: newyorkcityballet
Vimeo results:
5:30
The Sandpit
A day in the life of New York City, in miniature.
Winner: Prix Ars Electronica Award of ...
published: 23 Feb 2010
author: Sam O'Hare
The Sandpit
A day in the life of New York City, in miniature.
Winner: Prix Ars Electronica Award of Distinction 2010
Nominee: Webby Awards 2011 - Best Viral, Best Music
Official Selection: AFI Fest 2010
Official Selection: Tiburon Film Festival 2011
Original Music: composed by Human (http://www.humanworldwide.com), co-written by Rosi Golan and Alex Wong.
Please view in HD and full screen for best effect. For a description of the shoot, camera, lenses and workflow, please see here: http://bit.ly/aFmaPZ
3:28
The City Limits
*****Watch my Latest Time Lapse Video called Civilization Part I - Europe: http://vimeo.c...
published: 03 May 2011
author: Dominic
The City Limits
*****Watch my Latest Time Lapse Video called Civilization Part I - Europe: http://vimeo.com/dominicboudreault/civilization
---------------------------
About the Project
---------------------------
As of today, it is estimated that there are more than 7 billion humans living on Earth.
Humans have only been a glimpse in the Earth’s timeline, yet in the last 200 years the evolution of mankind has skyrocketed as well as the need for Earth’s resources.
Skyscrapers are growing taller than the next, like huge trees battling for sunlight. At night, from a higher point of view, traffic evokes lava flowing down a volcano.
Like a giant ant colony, humans have made this planet their own. But what about the Earth? Can we continue to take without consequences?
The City Limits tries to show that even though humans are the dominant species on the planet, there is something bigger than us.
In Carl Sagan’s own words “Our planet is a lonely speck in the great enveloping cosmic dark. In our obscurity, in all this vastness, there is no hint that help will come from elsewhere to save us from ourselves. It is up to us.”
Human progress and technology are developing at exponential rates but at what cost?
Where is the city’s limit?
---------------------------
Technical Info
---------------------------
Camera: Canon 5D Mark II
Lenses: Canon 14 II, Canon 24 II, Canon 70-200
Music: Time by Hans Zimmer
---------------------------
Licensing
---------------------------
For licensing information please visit: dominicboudreault.com/licensing
---------------------------
Connect with Me
---------------------------
Website: www.dominicboudreault.com
Facebook: facebook.com/timelapsephotographer
Twitter: twitter.com/domboudreault
2:52
The Unseen Sea
Update: Thanks so much for all your comments! I am reading them all and enjoy them a lot! ...
published: 17 Sep 2010
author: Simon Christen
The Unseen Sea
Update: Thanks so much for all your comments! I am reading them all and enjoy them a lot! I am sorry I can't reply to all of you. I am traveling at the moment and only have internet access once in a while. I hope to get to all the questions eventually. Thanks again!
A collection of time lapses I took around the San Francisco Bay Area roughly shot over the period of one year.
Please watch in HD :-)
Find more of my work on my website www.simonchristen.com
Follow me on my Facebook page: http://www.facebook.com/pages/Simon-Christen-Photography/183499695028114
or on my flickr account: www.flickr.com/seemoo
Music by Nick Cave - Mary's Song from the Soundtrack of "Assassination of Jesse James"
3:49
View from the ISS at Night
Every frame in this video is a photograph taken from the International Space Station. All ...
published: 16 Jul 2012
author: Knate Myers
View from the ISS at Night
Every frame in this video is a photograph taken from the International Space Station. All credit goes to the crews on board the ISS.
I removed noise and edited some shots in photoshop. Compiled and arranged in Sony Vegas.
*** Thank you all for the amazing support this video has received. I'm glad so many have enjoyed it.****
Music by John Murphy - Sunshine (Adagio In D Minor)
Performed by the City Of Prague Philharmonic
http://www.amazon.com/dp/B003YYX1YG/?tag=you09f-20
Image Courtesy of the Image Science & Analysis Laboratory,
NASA Johnson Space Center, The Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth
http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov
Youtube results:
5:56
Extended Interview | Quasi una Fantasia
Benjamin Millepied, choreographer and New York City Ballet Principal Dancer, talks about h...
published: 20 Sep 2010
author: newyorkcityballet
Extended Interview | Quasi una Fantasia
Benjamin Millepied, choreographer and New York City Ballet Principal Dancer, talks about his new work, "Quasi una Fantasia" which he is creating for our 2009 Spring Season.
- published: 20 Sep 2010
- views: 27547
- author: newyorkcityballet
3:13
Extended Interview | Lifecasting
New York City Ballet Soloist Robert Fairchild talks about his role in Douglas Lee's recent...
published: 20 Sep 2010
author: newyorkcityballet
Extended Interview | Lifecasting
New York City Ballet Soloist Robert Fairchild talks about his role in Douglas Lee's recent creation "Lifecasting".
- published: 20 Sep 2010
- views: 4813
- author: newyorkcityballet
4:34
Extended Interview | George Balanchine's Swan Lake
An extended interview with New York City Ballet dancer Marika Anderson, talking about her ...
published: 20 Sep 2010
author: newyorkcityballet
Extended Interview | George Balanchine's Swan Lake
An extended interview with New York City Ballet dancer Marika Anderson, talking about her role in George Balanchine's Swan Lake.
- published: 20 Sep 2010
- views: 10654
- author: newyorkcityballet
3:13
Extended Interview | NYC Ballet's Rebecca Krohn on Movements for Piano and Orchestra
An extended interview with New York City Ballet Soloist Rebecca Krohn, talking about her r...
published: 10 Apr 2009
author: newyorkcityballet
Extended Interview | NYC Ballet's Rebecca Krohn on Movements for Piano and Orchestra
An extended interview with New York City Ballet Soloist Rebecca Krohn, talking about her role in George Balanchine's "Movements for Piano and Orchestra".
- published: 10 Apr 2009
- views: 10647
- author: newyorkcityballet
8:02
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough - Gotham Streets
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown First Mission Walkthrough Video in High Definition
Batman: A...
published: 27 Feb 2012
author: BatmanArkhamVideos
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough - Gotham Streets
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown First Mission Walkthrough Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough Playlist:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD3DB8FCCA944E8C9&feature;=view_all
===================================
Locations:
- Tutorial
- Gotham Streets (Two-Face's Thugs)
===================================
Related Game Center Achievements:
- Rising Uppercut Combo
- My Greatest Student
- Side Kick Combo
- To the Batcave!
- Flawless Victory
- Left Uppercut Combo
- Leg Kick Combo
===================================
Game available on: Apple iOS (iPad, iPhone and iPod touch)
Video recorded on: iPhone 4S
===================================
For more info and videos, visit:
● http://www.youtube.com/BatmanArkhamVideos
● http://www.batman-arkham.com
● http://www.games-series.com
- published: 27 Feb 2012
- views: 28679
- author: BatmanArkhamVideos
4:03
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough - Two-Face Boss Fight
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Mission Walkthrough Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham ...
published: 27 Feb 2012
author: BatmanArkhamVideos
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough - Two-Face Boss Fight
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Mission Walkthrough Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough Playlist:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD3DB8FCCA944E8C9&feature;=view_all
===================================
Location: Gotham Streets
Boss Fight: Two- Face
===================================
Related Game Center Achievements:
- Not So Fast
- Heads I Win, Tails You Die
===================================
Game available on: Apple iOS (iPad, iPhone and iPod touch)
Video recorded on: iPhone 4S
===================================
For more info and videos, visit:
● http://www.youtube.com/BatmanArkhamVideos
● http://www.batman-arkham.com
● http://www.games-series.com
- published: 27 Feb 2012
- views: 31321
- author: BatmanArkhamVideos
6:07
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough - Gotham Sewers
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Mission Walkthrough Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham ...
published: 02 Mar 2012
author: BatmanArkhamVideos
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough - Gotham Sewers
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Mission Walkthrough Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough Playlist:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD3DB8FCCA944E8C9&feature;=view_all
===================================
Location: Gotham Sewers (Penguin Thugs)
===================================
Game available on: Apple iOS (iPad, iPhone and iPod touch)
Video recorded on: iPhone 4S
===================================
For more info and videos, visit:
● http://www.youtube.com/BatmanArkhamVideos
● http://www.batman-arkham.com
● http://www.games-series.com
- published: 02 Mar 2012
- views: 11053
- author: BatmanArkhamVideos
5:45
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough - Solomon Grundy Boss Fight
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Mission Walkthrough Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham ...
published: 02 Mar 2012
author: BatmanArkhamVideos
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough - Solomon Grundy Boss Fight
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Mission Walkthrough Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough Playlist:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD3DB8FCCA944E8C9&feature;=view_all
===================================
Location: Gotham Sewers
Boss Fight: Solomon Grundy
===================================
Related Game Center Achievements:
- Born on a Monday
- Buried on a Sunday
===================================
Game available on: Apple iOS (iPad, iPhone and iPod touch)
Video recorded on: iPhone 4S
===================================
For more info and videos, visit:
● http://www.youtube.com/BatmanArkhamVideos
● http://www.batman-arkham.com
● http://www.games-series.com
- published: 02 Mar 2012
- views: 39642
- author: BatmanArkhamVideos
7:11
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough - Gotham Steel Mill
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Mission Walkthrough Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham ...
published: 07 Mar 2012
author: BatmanArkhamVideos
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough - Gotham Steel Mill
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Mission Walkthrough Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough Playlist:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD3DB8FCCA944E8C9&feature;=view_all
===================================
Location: Gotham Steel Mill (Deathstroke Thugs)
===================================
Game available on: Apple iOS (iPad, iPhone and iPod touch)
Video recorded on: iPhone 4S
===================================
For more info and videos, visit:
● http://www.youtube.com/BatmanArkhamVideos
● http://www.batman-arkham.com
● http://www.games-series.com
- published: 07 Mar 2012
- views: 9906
- author: BatmanArkhamVideos
4:38
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough - Deathstroke Boss Fight
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Mission Walkthrough Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham ...
published: 07 Mar 2012
author: BatmanArkhamVideos
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough - Deathstroke Boss Fight
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Mission Walkthrough Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough Playlist:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD3DB8FCCA944E8C9&feature;=view_all
===================================
Location: Gotham Steel Mill
Boss Fight: Deathstroke
===================================
Related Game Center Achievements:
- Eye for an Eye
- Back to Basics
===================================
Game available on: Apple iOS (iPad, iPhone and iPod touch)
Video recorded on: iPhone 4S
===================================
For more info and videos, visit:
● http://www.youtube.com/BatmanArkhamVideos
● http://www.batman-arkham.com
● http://www.games-series.com
- published: 07 Mar 2012
- views: 49473
- author: BatmanArkhamVideos
6:43
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough - Gotham Rooftops
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Mission Walkthrough Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham ...
published: 14 Mar 2012
author: BatmanArkhamVideos
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough - Gotham Rooftops
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Mission Walkthrough Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough Playlist:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD3DB8FCCA944E8C9&feature;=view_all
===================================
Location: Gotham Rooftops (Joker Thugs)
===================================
Game available on: Apple iOS (iPad, iPhone and iPod touch)
Video recorded on: iPhone 4S
===================================
For more info and videos, visit:
● http://www.youtube.com/BatmanArkhamVideos
● http://www.batman-arkham.com
● http://www.games-series.com
- published: 14 Mar 2012
- views: 16586
- author: BatmanArkhamVideos
4:48
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough - Joker Boss Fight
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Mission Walkthrough Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham ...
published: 15 Mar 2012
author: BatmanArkhamVideos
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough - Joker Boss Fight
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Mission Walkthrough Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough Playlist:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD3DB8FCCA944E8C9&feature;=view_all
===================================
Location: Gotham Rooftops
Boss Fight: Joker
===================================
Related Game Center Achievements:
- The Brave and the Bold
- Last Laugh
- Lockdown Lifted
- The Killing Joke
- Invisible Predator
===================================
Game available on: Apple iOS (iPad, iPhone and iPod touch)
Video recorded on: iPhone 4S
===================================
For more info and videos, visit:
● http://www.youtube.com/BatmanArkhamVideos
● http://www.batman-arkham.com
● http://www.games-series.com
- published: 15 Mar 2012
- views: 28463
- author: BatmanArkhamVideos
3:51
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough - Industrial District
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Mission Walkthrough Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham ...
published: 16 Mar 2012
author: BatmanArkhamVideos
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough - Industrial District
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Mission Walkthrough Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough Playlist:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD3DB8FCCA944E8C9&feature;=view_all
===================================
Location: Industrial District (Harley Quinn Thugs)
===================================
Related Game Center Achievements:
- Fastest Bat Alive
===================================
Game available on: Apple iOS (iPad, iPhone and iPod touch)
Video recorded on: iPhone 4S
===================================
For more info and videos, visit:
● http://www.youtube.com/BatmanArkhamVideos
● http://www.batman-arkham.com
● http://www.games-series.com
- published: 16 Mar 2012
- views: 8330
- author: BatmanArkhamVideos
5:23
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough - Harley Quinn Boss Fight
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Mission Walkthrough Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham ...
published: 16 Mar 2012
author: BatmanArkhamVideos
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough - Harley Quinn Boss Fight
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Mission Walkthrough Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough Playlist:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD3DB8FCCA944E8C9&feature;=view_all
===================================
Location: Industrial District
Boss Fight: Harley Quinn & Mr. Hammer
===================================
Related Game Center Achievements:
- Gotham City Beatdown
- Mad Love
===================================
Game available on: Apple iOS (iPad, iPhone and iPod touch)
Video recorded on: iPhone 4S
===================================
For more info and videos, visit:
● http://www.youtube.com/BatmanArkhamVideos
● http://www.batman-arkham.com
● http://www.games-series.com
- published: 16 Mar 2012
- views: 105641
- author: BatmanArkhamVideos
4:06
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough - Business District
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Mission Walkthrough Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham ...
published: 09 Apr 2012
author: BatmanArkhamVideos
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough - Business District
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Mission Walkthrough Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough Playlist:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD3DB8FCCA944E8C9&feature;=view_all
===================================
Location: Business District (Poison Ivy Thugs)
===================================
Game available on: Apple iOS (iPad, iPhone and iPod touch)
Video recorded on: iPhone 4S
===================================
For more info and videos, visit:
● http://www.youtube.com/BatmanArkhamVideos
● http://www.batman-arkham.com
● http://www.games-series.com
- published: 09 Apr 2012
- views: 12626
- author: BatmanArkhamVideos
5:52
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough - Poison Ivy Boss Fight
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Mission Walkthrough Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham ...
published: 09 Apr 2012
author: BatmanArkhamVideos
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough - Poison Ivy Boss Fight
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Mission Walkthrough Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough Playlist:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD3DB8FCCA944E8C9&feature;=view_all
===================================
Location: Business District
Boss Fight: Poison Ivy & Robin
===================================
Related Game Center Achievements:
- Untouchable
- Femme Fatale
===================================
Game available on: Apple iOS (iPad, iPhone and iPod touch)
Video recorded on: iPhone 4S
===================================
For more info and videos, visit:
● http://www.youtube.com/BatmanArkhamVideos
● http://www.batman-arkham.com
● http://www.games-series.com
- published: 09 Apr 2012
- views: 90607
- author: BatmanArkhamVideos
5:21
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough - Credits
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Credits Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Lockdow...
published: 10 Apr 2012
author: BatmanArkhamVideos
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough - Credits
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Credits Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough Playlist:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD3DB8FCCA944E8C9&feature;=view_all
===================================
Game available on: Apple iOS (iPad, iPhone and iPod touch)
Video recorded on: iPhone 4S
===================================
For more info and videos, visit:
● http://www.youtube.com/BatmanArkhamVideos
● http://www.batman-arkham.com
● http://www.games-series.com
- published: 10 Apr 2012
- views: 4945
- author: BatmanArkhamVideos
4:38
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown - Biographies
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Biographies Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Loc...
published: 11 Apr 2012
author: BatmanArkhamVideos
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown - Biographies
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Biographies Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough Playlist:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD3DB8FCCA944E8C9&feature;=view_all
===================================
This video shows the biographies for all characters in the game:
- Batman
- Bruce Wayne
- Two-Face
- Deathstroke
- Solomon Grundy
- The Joker
- Harley Quinn
- Poison Ivy
===================================
Game available on: Apple iOS (iPad, iPhone and iPod touch)
Video recorded on: iPhone 4S
===================================
For more info and videos, visit:
● http://www.youtube.com/BatmanArkhamVideos
● http://www.batman-arkham.com
● http://www.games-series.com
- published: 11 Apr 2012
- views: 17688
- author: BatmanArkhamVideos
Vimeo results:
5:30
The Sandpit
A day in the life of New York City, in miniature.
Winner: Prix Ars Electronica Award of ...
published: 23 Feb 2010
author: Sam O'Hare
The Sandpit
A day in the life of New York City, in miniature.
Winner: Prix Ars Electronica Award of Distinction 2010
Nominee: Webby Awards 2011 - Best Viral, Best Music
Official Selection: AFI Fest 2010
Official Selection: Tiburon Film Festival 2011
Original Music: composed by Human (http://www.humanworldwide.com), co-written by Rosi Golan and Alex Wong.
Please view in HD and full screen for best effect. For a description of the shoot, camera, lenses and workflow, please see here: http://bit.ly/aFmaPZ
3:28
The City Limits
*****Watch my Latest Time Lapse Video called Civilization Part I - Europe: http://vimeo.c...
published: 03 May 2011
author: Dominic
The City Limits
*****Watch my Latest Time Lapse Video called Civilization Part I - Europe: http://vimeo.com/dominicboudreault/civilization
---------------------------
About the Project
---------------------------
As of today, it is estimated that there are more than 7 billion humans living on Earth.
Humans have only been a glimpse in the Earth’s timeline, yet in the last 200 years the evolution of mankind has skyrocketed as well as the need for Earth’s resources.
Skyscrapers are growing taller than the next, like huge trees battling for sunlight. At night, from a higher point of view, traffic evokes lava flowing down a volcano.
Like a giant ant colony, humans have made this planet their own. But what about the Earth? Can we continue to take without consequences?
The City Limits tries to show that even though humans are the dominant species on the planet, there is something bigger than us.
In Carl Sagan’s own words “Our planet is a lonely speck in the great enveloping cosmic dark. In our obscurity, in all this vastness, there is no hint that help will come from elsewhere to save us from ourselves. It is up to us.”
Human progress and technology are developing at exponential rates but at what cost?
Where is the city’s limit?
---------------------------
Technical Info
---------------------------
Camera: Canon 5D Mark II
Lenses: Canon 14 II, Canon 24 II, Canon 70-200
Music: Time by Hans Zimmer
---------------------------
Licensing
---------------------------
For licensing information please visit: dominicboudreault.com/licensing
---------------------------
Connect with Me
---------------------------
Website: www.dominicboudreault.com
Facebook: facebook.com/timelapsephotographer
Twitter: twitter.com/domboudreault
2:52
The Unseen Sea
Update: Thanks so much for all your comments! I am reading them all and enjoy them a lot! ...
published: 17 Sep 2010
author: Simon Christen
The Unseen Sea
Update: Thanks so much for all your comments! I am reading them all and enjoy them a lot! I am sorry I can't reply to all of you. I am traveling at the moment and only have internet access once in a while. I hope to get to all the questions eventually. Thanks again!
A collection of time lapses I took around the San Francisco Bay Area roughly shot over the period of one year.
Please watch in HD :-)
Find more of my work on my website www.simonchristen.com
Follow me on my Facebook page: http://www.facebook.com/pages/Simon-Christen-Photography/183499695028114
or on my flickr account: www.flickr.com/seemoo
Music by Nick Cave - Mary's Song from the Soundtrack of "Assassination of Jesse James"
3:49
View from the ISS at Night
Every frame in this video is a photograph taken from the International Space Station. All ...
published: 16 Jul 2012
author: Knate Myers
View from the ISS at Night
Every frame in this video is a photograph taken from the International Space Station. All credit goes to the crews on board the ISS.
I removed noise and edited some shots in photoshop. Compiled and arranged in Sony Vegas.
*** Thank you all for the amazing support this video has received. I'm glad so many have enjoyed it.****
Music by John Murphy - Sunshine (Adagio In D Minor)
Performed by the City Of Prague Philharmonic
http://www.amazon.com/dp/B003YYX1YG/?tag=you09f-20
Image Courtesy of the Image Science & Analysis Laboratory,
NASA Johnson Space Center, The Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth
http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov
Youtube results:
1:43
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown - Death Scenes
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Death Scenes Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Lo...
published: 11 Apr 2012
author: BatmanArkhamVideos
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown - Death Scenes
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Death Scenes Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough Playlist:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD3DB8FCCA944E8C9&feature;=view_all
===================================
This video shows the Death Scenes you get when Batman dies or fails the mission in the game.
- Two-Face (Death Scene)
- Solomon Grundy (Death Scene)
- Deathstroke (Alternate Ending & Death Scene)
- The Joker (Death Scene)
- Harley Quinn (Mission Failed & Death Scene)
- Poison Ivy (Death Scene)
===================================
Game available on: Apple iOS (iPad, iPhone and iPod touch)
Video recorded on: iPhone 4S
===================================
For more info and videos, visit:
● http://www.youtube.com/BatmanArkhamVideos
● http://www.batman-arkham.com
● http://www.games-series.com
- published: 11 Apr 2012
- views: 91861
- author: BatmanArkhamVideos
2:36
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown - Kano vs Batman - Easter Egg
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Easter Egg Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Lock...
published: 11 Apr 2012
author: BatmanArkhamVideos
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown - Kano vs Batman - Easter Egg
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Easter Egg Video in High Definition
Batman: Arkham City Lockdown Walkthrough Playlist:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD3DB8FCCA944E8C9&feature;=view_all
===================================
Easter Egg - Batman vs Kano
If you start the EMP Challenge in the Gotham Steel Mill, you can fight against Kano, a fictional character in the Mortal Kombat game series.
Kano appears as the last enemy during the three challenges, and he also throws a pair of knives at Batman (one of his signature moves).
This is a reference to the remake of the Mortal Kombat series for Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 developed by NetherRealm Studios, the same studio behind Batman: Arkham City Lockdown for iOS.
===================================
Game available on: Apple iOS (iPad, iPhone and iPod touch)
Video recorded on: iPhone 4S
===================================
For more info and videos, visit:
● http://www.youtube.com/BatmanArkhamVideos
● http://www.batman-arkham.com
● http://www.games-series.com
- published: 11 Apr 2012
- views: 63594
- author: BatmanArkhamVideos
photo: AP / Manish
02 Feb 2013
A grim countdown was under way ... Enlarge This Image ... Related ... Twitter List ... “None of them have tried to harm anybody else,” said Penpa Tsering, the speaker of the Tibetan Parliament, which is based in Dharamsala, the Indian city that is host to the exiled Tibetan government ... (Mr ... Mr ... Edward Koch made a career of distilling and billboarding New York City’s essence as he saw it, usually with himself at the center of things ... ....(size: 10.7Kb)
photo: AP / Elise Amendola
02 Feb 2013
BOSTON. Harvard University said Friday it issued academic sanctions against about 60 students who were forced to withdraw from school for a period of time in a cheating scandal that involved the final exam in a class on Congress, drawing criticism from a high-profile alumnus. The school implicated as many as 125 students in the scandal when officials first addressed the issue last year. . ... . ... . ... ....(size: 5.1Kb)
photo: AP / Manu Brabo
01 Feb 2013
Hillary Clinton, the outgoing US secretary of state, has warned that Iran is stepping up its support for Syrian President Bashar al-Assad while Russia is continuing to send money and arms to the regime. Clinton on Thursday accused Tehran of sending into Syria "more personnel" to support and advise military security forces in their fight against the armed opposition ... "The Iranians have been actively involved from the very beginning ... ....(size: 19.0Kb)
photo: US Navy / MCS2 Matthew D. Leistikow
03 Feb 2013
A suicide bomber driving a car and gunmen disguised in police uniforms killed at least 33 people in the Iraqi city Kirkuk on Sunday when they tried to storm the police headquarters. It was the third major attack in several weeks in or near the northern city, an ethnically mixed area of Arabs, Kurds and Turkmen at the heart of a dispute over oil and land between Baghdad's central government and the autonomous Kurdistan region....(size: 8.5Kb)
photo: AP / Eduardo Verdugo
01 Feb 2013
MEXICO CITY — Rescuers searched the rubble for survivors and authorities promised a thorough investigation after an office building blast killed 25 people and injured 101 at the headquarters of Mexico’s state-owned oil company, Petroleos Mexicanos ... City remained a mystery early Friday, and President Enrique Pena Nieto urging people not to speculate....(size: 4.5Kb)
noodls
04 Feb 2013
(Source. City of Madison, WI) City of Madison News Release. For Immediate Release.. Feb 3, 2013. For More Information Contact.. George Dreckmann. 267-2626. Informational Website Link.. www.cityofmadison.com/winter, www.cityofmadison.com/streets Snow Plow Update for City of Madison ... tonight ... distributed by. This noodl was issued by City of Madison, WI and was initially posted at www.cityofmadison.com ... (noodl. 17419404) ....(size: 2.4Kb)
Kansas City Star
04 Feb 2013
For hours last month, the official website for the city of Kansas City was down ... Thousands of people who wanted to check information, contact city officials, make online appointments or pay bills were out of luck ... City officials have vowed to make the website more dependable ... The city’s ......(size: 1.5Kb)
New York Daily News
04 Feb 2013
The Independent
04 Feb 2013
The number of new City jobs trebled last month but only against December's count which was the lowest since the financial crisis began in 2008. According to recruiter Astbury Marsden, there were approximately 2,509 new City jobs created in January 2013, up from just 802 jobs in December 2012....(size: 1.4Kb)
The Times of India
04 Feb 2013
An overcast sky made Sunday less than perfect for city residents, who, going by weather experts, have more in store. Kulwinder Kaur Gill, assistant agrometeorologist at Punjab Agricultural University (PAU) said, "Strong western disturbances brought clouds to the city ... Understandably, the change in weather conditions is not to the liking of city residents....(size: 1.6Kb)
Penn Live
04 Feb 2013
Harrisburg City Councilman Brad Koplinski will not run for mayor, as many expected, but rather for Lieutenant Governor ... Having fought Governor Corbett in determining the best course for Harrisburg, I want to be able to continue that fight on behalf of all of our cities, towns and boroughs.”....(size: 1.7Kb)
The Times of India
04 Feb 2013
A swine flu patient from the city and another from Rajasthan died at different hospitals in the city since Saturday night ... other districts and states admitted in various hospitals in the city with swine flu....(size: 1.0Kb)
Star Tribune
04 Feb 2013
New Straits/Business Times
04 Feb 2013
MORE Friends of the Park will be established soon to foster the sense of belonging with green public parks among residents in the city ... "We want city dwellers and respective agencies to work together in ... Phesal added that as Friends of the Park, residents will be joining forces with City Hall in overseeing the parks' cleanliness and greenery....(size: 1.9Kb)
The Telegraph India
04 Feb 2013
The Independent
04 Feb 2013
The Dallas Morning News
04 Feb 2013
The Mavericks will be playing Oklahoma City for the third time this season Monday night ... “One more stop. One more block out. One less turnover ... The Mavericks went through a film session and practice in Phoenix before flying to Oklahoma City, where they had a room at their team hotel for watching the Super Bowl ... Home bodies ... ....(size: 1.4Kb)
For other uses, see City (disambiguation).
A city is a relatively large and permanent settlement.[1][2] Although there is no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town within general English language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law.
For example, in the U.S. state of Massachusetts an article of incorporation approved by the local state legislature distinguishes a city government from a town. In the United Kingdom and parts of the Commonwealth of Nations, a city is traditionally a settlement with a royal charter.[1] Historically, in Europe, a city was understood to be an urban settlement with a cathedral.
Cities generally have complex systems for sanitation, utilities, land usage, housing, and transportation. The concentration of development greatly facilitates interaction between people and businesses, benefiting both parties in the process. A big city or metropolis usually has associated suburbs and exurbs. Such cities are usually associated with metropolitan areas and urban areas, creating numerous business commuters traveling to urban centers for employment. Once a city expands far enough to reach another city, this region can be deemed a conurbation or megalopolis.
Origins[link]
There is insufficient evidence to assert what conditions gave rise to the first cities. Some theorists, however, have speculated on what they consider suitable pre-conditions, and basic mechanisms that might have been important driving forces.
Theories[link]
Agricultural primacy[link]
The conventional view holds that cities first formed after the Neolithic revolution. The Neolithic revolution brought agriculture, which made denser human populations possible, thereby supporting city development.[3] The advent of farming encouraged hunter-gatherers to abandon nomadic lifestyles and to settle near others who lived by agricultural production. The increased population-density encouraged by farming and the increased output of food per unit of land created conditions that seem more suitable for city-like activities. In his book, Cities and Economic Development, Paul Bairoch takes up this position in his argument that agricultural activity appears necessary before true cities can form.
According to Vere Gordon Childe, for a settlement to qualify as a city, it must have enough surplus of raw materials to support trade.[4] Bairoch points out that, due to sparse population densities that would have persisted in pre-Neolithic, hunter-gatherer societies, the amount of land that would be required to produce enough food for subsistence and trade for a large population would make it impossible to control the flow of trade. To illustrate this point, Bairoch offers an example: "Western Europe during the pre-Neolithic, [where] the density must have been less than 0.1 person per square kilometer".[5] Using this population density as a base for calculation, and allotting 10% of food towards surplus for trade and assuming that city dwellers do no farming, he calculates that "in order to maintain a city with a population of 1,000, and without taking the cost of transportation into account, an area of 100,000 square kilometers would have been required. When the cost of transportation is taken into account, the figure rises to 200,000 square kilometers...".[5] Bairoch noted that this is roughly the size of Great Britain.
Urban primacy[link]
Theorist Jane Jacobs claims that city-formation preceded the birth of agriculture though offers no support for this theory. Unfortunately, Jacobs does not lend her theory to any reasonably strict definition of a city, but her account suggestively or vaguely contrasts what could be thought of as primitive city-like activity to the activity occurring in neighboring hunter-gatherer settlements. To argue this view, she suggests a fictitious scenario where a valued natural resource leads to primitive economic activity - she takes obsidian as an example. The stock of obsidian is controlled and traded with neighboring hunting groups. Hunters who do not control the stock travel great distances to barter what they have, valuing obsidian because it "makes the sharpest tools to be had".[6] This activity brings more people to the center as jobs are created and goods are being traded. Among the goods traded are seeds of all different sorts, stored in unprecedented combinations. In various ways, some accidental, the seeds are sown, and the variation in yields are observed more readily than they would be in the wild. The seeds that yield the most grain are noticed and trading them begins to occur within the city. Owing to this local dealing, the city dwellers find that their grain yields are the best, and for the first time make deliberate and conscious selection. The choices made now become purposeful, and they are made among various strains of already cultivated crosses, and their crosses, mutants and hybrids.[6]
Causes of establishment[link]
Theorists have suggested many possible reasons for why people would have originally decided to come together to form dense populations. In his book City Economics, Brendan O'Flaherty asserts "Cities could persist—as they have for thousands of years—only if their advantages offset the disadvantages" (O'Flaherty 2005, p. 12). O'Flaherty illustrates two similar attracting advantages known as increasing returns to scale and economies of scale, which are concepts normally associated with firms. Their applications are seen in more basic economic systems as well. Increasing returns to scale occurs when "doubling all inputs more than doubles the output [and] an activity has economies of scale if doubling output less than doubles cost" (O'Flaherty 2005, pp. 572–573). To offer an example of these concepts, O'Flaherty makes use of "one of the oldest reasons why cities were built: military protection" (O'Flaherty 2005, p. 13). In this example, the inputs are anything that would be used for protection (e.g.: a wall) and the output is the area protected and everything of value contained in it. O'Flaherty then asks that we suppose that the area to be protected is square and each hectare inside it has the same value of protection. The advantage is expressed as: (O'Flaherty 2005, p. 13)
- (1) Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): O = s^2
, where O is the output (area protected) and s stands for the length of a side. This equation shows that output is proportional to the square of the length of a side.
The inputs depend on the length of the perimeter:
- (2) Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): I = 4s
, where I stands for the quantity of inputs. This equation shows that the perimeter is proportional to the length of a side.
So there are increasing returns to scale:
- (3) Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): O = I^2/16
. This equation (solving for Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): s in (1) and substituting in (2)) shows that with twice the inputs, you produce quadruple the output.
Also, economies of scale:
- (4) Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): I = 4O^{1/2}
. This equation (solving for Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): I in equation (3)) shows that the same output requires less input.
"Cities, then, economize on protection, and so protection against marauding barbarian armies is one reason why people have come together to live in cities..." (O'Flaherty 2005, p. 13).
Similarly, "Are Cities Dying?", a paper by Harvard economist Edward L. Glaeser, delves into similar reasons for city formation: reduced transport costs for goods, people, and ideas. Discussing the benefits of proximity, Glaeser claims that if you double a city size, workers have a ten-percent increase in earnings. Glaeser furthers his argument by stating that bigger cities do not pay more for equal productivity than in a smaller city, so it is reasonable to assume that workers become more productive if they move to a city twice the size as they initially worked in. However, the workers do not benefit much from the ten-percent wage increase, because it is recycled back into the higher cost of living in a bigger city. They do gain other benefits from living in cities, though.
Geography[link]
City planning has seen many different schemes for how a city should look. The most commonly seen pattern is the grid, used for thousands of years in China, independently invented by Alexander the Great's city-planner Dinocrates of Rhodes and favoured by the Romans, while almost a rule in parts of pre-Columbian America. Derry begun in 1613, was the first planned city in Ireland, with the walls being completed five years later. The central diamond within a walled city with four gates was thought to be a good design for defence. The grid pattern was widely copied in the colonies of British North America.
The Ancient Greeks often gave their colonies around the Mediterranean a grid plan. One of the best examples is the city of Priene. This city had different specialized districts, much as is seen in modern city planning today. Fifteen centuries earlier, the Indus Valley Civilization was using grids in such cities as Mohenjo-Daro. In medieval times there was evidence of a preference for linear planning. Good examples are the cities established by various rulers in the south of France and city expansions in old Dutch and Flemish cities.
Grid plans were popular among planners in the 19th century, particularly after the redesign of Paris. They cut through the meandering, organic streets that followed old paths. The United States imposed grid plans in new territories and towns, as the American West was rapidly established, in places such as Salt Lake City and San Francisco.
Other forms may include a radial structure, in which main roads converge on a central point. This was often a historic form, the effect of successive growth over long time with concentric traces of town walls and citadels. In more recent history, such forms were supplemented by ring-roads that take traffic around the outskirts of a town. Many Dutch cities are structured this way: a central square surrounded by concentric canals. Every city expansion would imply a new circle (canals together with town walls). In cities such as Amsterdam, Haarlem, and also Moscow, this pattern is still clearly visible.
History[link]
Further information: Historical cities and List of largest cities throughout history
Towns and cities have a long history, although opinions vary on whether any particular ancient settlement can be considered to be a city. A city formed as central places of trade for the benefit of the members living in close proximity to others facilitates interaction of all kinds. These interactions generate both positive and negative externalities between others' actions. Benefits include reduced transport costs, exchange of ideas, sharing of natural resources, large local markets, and later in their development, amenities such as running water and sewage disposal. Possible costs would include higher rate of crime, higher mortality rates, higher cost of living, worse pollution, traffic and high commuting times. Cities will grow when the benefits of proximity between people and firms are higher than the cost.
The first true towns are sometimes considered to be large settlements where the inhabitants were no longer simply farmers of the surrounding area, but began to take on specialized occupations, and where trade, food storage and power was centralized. In 1950 Gordon Childe attempted to define a historic city with 10 general metrics.[7] These are:
- Size and density of the population should be above normal.
- Differentiation of the population. Not all residents grow their own food, leading to specialists.
- Payment of taxes to a deity or king.
- Monumental public buildings.
- Those not producing their own food are supported by the king.
- Systems of recording and practical science.
- A system of writing.
- Development of symbolic art.
- Trade and import of raw materials.
- Specialist craftsmen from outside the kin-group.
This categorisation is descriptive, and it is used as a general touchstone when considering ancient cities, although not all have each of its characteristics.
One characteristic that can be used to distinguish a small city from a large town is organized government. A town accomplishes common goals through informal agreements between neighbors or the leadership of a chief. A city has professional administrators, regulations, and some form of taxation (food and other necessities or means to trade for them) to feed the government workers. The governments may be based on heredity, religion, military power, work projects (such as canal building), food distribution, land ownership, agriculture, commerce, manufacturing, finance, or a combination of those. Societies that live in cities are often called civilizations.
Ancient times[link]
Early cities developed in a number of regions of the ancient world. Mesopotamia can claim the earliest cities, particularly Eridu, Uruk, and Ur.[citation needed] After Mesopotamia, this culture arose in Syria and Anatolia, as shown by the city of Çatalhöyük (7500-5700BC). It is the largest Neolithic site found to date.[citation needed] Although it has sometimes been claimed[citation needed] that ancient Egypt lacked urbanism, several types of urban settlements were found in ancient times.
The Indus Valley Civilization and ancient China are two other areas with major indigenous urban traditions. Among the early Old World cities, Mohenjo-daro of the Indus Valley Civilization in present-day Pakistan, existing from about 2600 BC, was one of the largest, with a population of 50,000 or more.[8] At a somewhat later time, a distinctive[citation needed] urban tradition developed in the Khmer region of Cambodia, where Angkor grew into one of the largest cities (in area) of the world.
In the ancient Americas, early urban traditions developed in the Andes and Mesoamerica. In the Andes, the first[citation needed] urban centers developed in the Norte Chico civilization (also Caral or Caral-Supe civilization), Chavin and Moche cultures, followed by major cities in the Huari, Chimu and Inca cultures. The Norte Chico civilization included as many as 30 major population centers in what is now the Norte Chico region of north-central coastal Peru. It is the oldest known civilization in the Americas, flourishing between the 30th century BC and the 18th century BC.[9]
Mesoamerica saw the rise of early urbanism in several cultural regions, including the Preclassic Maya, the Zapotec of Oaxaca, and Teotihuacan in central Mexico.[citation needed] Later cultures such as the Aztec drew on these earlier urban traditions.
This roster of early urban traditions is notable for its diversity. Excavations at early urban sites show that some cities were sparsely populated political capitals, others were trade centers, and still other cities had a primarily religious focus. Some cities had large dense populations, whereas others carried out urban activities in the realms of politics or religion without having large associated populations. Theories that attempt to explain ancient urbanism by a single factor, such as economic benefit, fail to capture the range of variation documented by archaeologists.[10]
The growth of the population of ancient civilizations, the formation of ancient empires concentrating political power, and the growth in commerce and manufacturing led to ever greater capital cities and centres of commerce and industry, with Alexandria, Antioch and Seleucia of the Hellenistic civilization, Pataliputra (now Patna) in India, Chang'an (now Xi'an) in China, Carthage, ancient Rome, its eastern successor Constantinople (later Istanbul), and successive Chinese, Indian and Muslim capitals approaching or exceeding the half-million population level.[citation needed]
.jpg)
Keith Hopkins estimates that ancient Rome had a population of about a million people by the end of the 1st century BC,[11] after growing continually during the 3rd, 2nd, and 1st centuries BC.[12] Alexandria's population was also close to Rome's population at around the same time, the historian Rostovtzeff estimates a total population close to a million based on a census dated from 32 AD that counted 180,000 adult male citizens in Alexandria.[13] Similar administrative, commercial, industrial and ceremonial centres emerged in other areas, most notably medieval Baghdad, which according to George Modelski, later became the first city to exceed a population of one million by the 8th century instead of Rome.[14]
While David Kessler and Peter Temin consider ancient Rome to be the largest city before 19th century London,[15] George Modelski considers medieval Baghdad, with an estimated population of 1.2 million at its peak, to be the largest city before 19th century London.[14] Others estimate that Baghdad's population may have been as large as 2 million in the 9th century.[16]
Agriculture was practiced in sub-Saharan Africa since the third millennium BC. Because of this, cities were able to develop as centers of non-agricultural activity. Exactly when this first happened is still a topic of archeological and historical investigation. Western scholarship has tended to focus on cities in Europe and Mesopotamia, but emerging archeological evidence indicates that urbanization occurred south of the Sahara well before the influence of Arab urban culture. The oldest sites documented thus far are from around 500 AD including Awdaghust, Kumbi-Saleh the ancient capital of Ghana, and Maranda a center located on a trade rout between Egypt and Gao.[17]
Cities of Late Antiquity underwent transformations as the urban power base shrank and was transferred to the local bishop (see Late Roman Empire). Cities essentially disappeared, earliest in Roman Britain and Germania and latest in the Eastern Roman Empire and Visigothic Spain.[citation needed]
Middle Ages[link]
During the European Middle Ages, a town was as much a political entity as a collection of houses. City residence brought freedom from customary rural obligations to lord and community: "Stadtluft macht frei" ("City air makes you free") was a saying in Germany. In Continental Europe cities with a legislature of their own were not unheard of, the laws for towns as a rule other than for the countryside, the lord of a town often being another than for surrounding land. In the Holy Roman Empire some cities had no other lord than the emperor. In Italy medieval communes had quite a statelike power.
In exceptional cases like Venice, Genoa or Lübeck, cities themselves became powerful states, sometimes taking surrounding areas under their control or establishing extensive maritime empires. Similar phenomena existed elsewhere, as in the case of Sakai, which enjoyed a considerable autonomy in late medieval Japan.
Early modern[link]
While the city-states, or poleis, of the Mediterranean and Baltic Sea languished from the 16th century, Europe's larger capitals benefited from the growth of commerce following the emergence of an Atlantic trade. By the early 19th century, London had become the largest city in the world with a population of over a million, while Paris rivaled the well-developed regionally traditional capital cities of Baghdad, Beijing, Istanbul and Kyoto. During the Spanish colonization of the Americas the old Roman city concept was extensively used. Cities were founded in the middle of the newly conquered territories, and were bound to several laws about administration, finances and urbanism.
Most towns remained far smaller places, so that in 1500 only some two dozen places in the world contained more than 100,000 inhabitants: as late as 1700 there were fewer than forty, a figure which would rise thereafter to 300 in 1900. A small city of the early modern period might contain as few as 10,000 inhabitants, a town far fewer still.[citation needed]
Industrial age[link]
The growth of modern industry from the late 18th century onward led to massive urbanization and the rise of new great cities, first in Europe and then in other regions, as new opportunities brought huge numbers of migrants from rural communities into urban areas. In the United States from 1860 to 1910, the invention of railroads reduced transportation costs, and large manufacturing centers began to emerge, thus allowing migration from rural to city areas. However, cities during those periods of time were deadly places to live in, due to health problems resulting from contaminated water and air, and communicable diseases. In the Great Depression of the 1930s cities were hard hit by unemployment, especially those with a base in heavy industry. In the U.S. urbanization rate increased forty to eighty percent during 1900-1990. Today the world's population is slightly over half urban,[18] with millions still streaming annually into the growing cities of Asia, Africa and Latin America.
External effects[link]
 |
This section may contain original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding references. Statements consisting only of original research may be removed. More details may be available on the talk page. (September 2007) |
Modern cities are known for creating their own microclimates. This is due to the large clustering of heat absorbent surfaces that heat up in sunlight and that channel rainwater into underground ducts.
Waste and sewage are two major problems for cities, as is air pollution coming from various forms of combustion,[19] including fireplaces, wood or coal-burning stoves, other heating systems,[20] and internal combustion engines. The impact of cities on places elsewhere, be it hinterlands or places far away, is considered in the notion of city footprinting (ecological footprint). Other negative external effects include health consequences such as communicable diseases, crime, and high traffic and commuting times. Cities cause more interaction with more people than rural areas, thus a higher probability to contracting contagious diseases. However, many inventions such as inoculations, vaccines, and water filtration systems have also lowered health concerns. Crime is also a concern in the cities. Studies have shown that crime rates in cities are higher and the chance of punishment after getting caught is lower. In cases such as burglary, the higher concentration of people in cities create more items of higher value worth the risk of crime. The high concentration of people also makes using auto mobiles inconvenient and pedestrian traffic is more prominent in metropolitan areas than a rural or suburban one.
Cities also generate positive external effects. The close physical proximity facilitates knowledge spillovers, helping people and firms exchange information and generate new ideas.[21] A thicker labor market allows for better skill matching between firms and individuals. Another positive external effect of cities comes from the diverse social opportunities created when people of different backgrounds are brought together. Larger cities typically offer a wider variety of social interests and activities, letting people of all backgrounds find something they can be involved in.
Cities may, however, also have a positive influence on the environment. UN Habitat stated in its reports that city living can be the best solution for dealing with the rising population numbers (and thus still be a good approach on dealing with overpopulation) [22] This is because cities concentrate human activity into one place, making the environmental damage on other places smaller.,[23] letting the cities have a positive influence; however, can only be achieved if urban planning is improved[24] and if the city services are properly maintained.
Distinction between cities and towns[link]
There are probably as many different ways of conceiving what a city is as there are cities. A simple definition therefore has its attractions. The simplest is that a city is a human settlement in which strangers are likely to meet.
Richard Sennett, The Fall of Public Man, 1977, p. 39.[25]
The difference between towns and cities is differently understood in different parts of the world. Indeed, some languages other than English use a single word for both concepts. Iberian languages typically use a three-way designation (Catalan: “poble”, “vila”, “ciutat”; Galician: “aldea”, “vila”, “cidade”; Portuguese: “aldeia”, “vila”, “cidade”; Spanish: “pueblo”, “villa”, “ciudad”—respectively “village”, “town”, “city”); Italian: “villaggio”, "paese" “città”—respectively “village”, "village/town", “city/town”; , but other Romance languages don’t (French: “village”, “ville”).[citation needed]
Even within the English-speaking world there is no one standard definition of a city: the term may be used either for a town possessing city status; for an urban locality exceeding an arbitrary population size; for a town dominating other towns with particular regional economic or administrative significance. In British English, city is reserved for very large settlements and smaller historic settlements with a Cathedral (e.g. Lichfield), while smaller settlements without a Cathedral are called towns, and smaller still are villages and hamlets.[citation needed] In the US city is used for much smaller settlements.
Although city can refer to an agglomeration including suburban and satellite areas, the term is not usually applied to a conurbation (cluster) of distinct urban places, nor for a wider metropolitan area including more than one city, each acting as a focus for parts of the area. And the word "town" (also "downtown") may mean the center of the city.
Australia[link]
Australia's most populous urban areas are Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth and Adelaide.
The official term "city" is given to any Australian statistical division with a minimum of 10,000-25,000 people (varying by state); which is defined either as a contiguous urban area or a local government area (LGA).[26]
For instance, within the wider urban area known as Perth, Australia's fourth most populous urban area, the City of Perth is a relatively small LGA geographically speaking, which also includes the Perth CBD. Informally, in Australian English the word city is used by Australians to describe the most prominent Central Activities District in their proximity. Some local areas containing such activities districts have ambiguous titles that actually use the word city either as or in their title, for instance for a long time the central locality of Brisbane and Canberra are officially simply "City".[27] Due to Australia's high urbanisation, this often refers to the state's capital city. For example, residents of Mandurah saying "going to the city" is more likely to mean the Perth CBD but almost never in the context of the City of Perth. Conversely, residents of Townsville would likely be referring to the Townsville CBD than City of Townsville or Brisbane.
Local government in Australia can apply for City Status. Prior to the Federation of Australia, local councils from the Australian colonies applied directly to the Monarchy of the United Kingdom and were proclaimed a city, a title of some prestige, was assessed on factors such as area, population and rateable revenue. Since the turn of the century, local government acts in each state specify the criteria and thresholds and applications are made to the Governors of the Australian states. Population thresholds currently exist under Local government acts in most states including New South Wales (1919 - 25,000);[28] South Australia (22,000);[29] Western Australia (30,000)[30] and Tasmania (10,000)[31]. In Victoria under the Local Government Act 1989 where until recently city status was based on rateable revenue, there is no current minimum threshold, however applications must be assessed to be "predominantly urban in character" rather than on population. Today successful application may result in additional state or federal attention for additional funds for infrastructure. However for various reasons, some councils neither seek or receive city status: for instance, Shire of Melton – in Melbourne's west – with a population of over 80,000 (2012) decided after several years of community consultation to defer applying for city status until it reaches 150,000.[32]
Some former satellite cities have merged into larger cities (for instance, Ipswich, Queensland and Dandenong, Victoria), informally they are sometimes still called cities, although according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics they are officially only part of a larger metropolitan area or conurbation and as such are sometimes called Activity Centres by planners.
Argentina[link]
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Azerbaijan[link]
Azerbaijan recognizes 69 urban settlements as cities. The largest, with just over two million inhabitants, is the capital Baku. See: List of cities in Azerbaijan
Belarus[link]
In the Belarusian language two words mean "city" or "town" - "горад" (horad) and "места" (miesta), where "horad" translated as "fortifying miesta", or "stronghold". The term "miesta" translated as "town without fortifying"[33] and meaning modern town. In the contemporary Belarusian language term "horad" is used more often, in spite of lexical inexactitude of this term. The smallest population of a city of Belaruse officially not named "horad" or "miesta" it is used a name "urban-type settlement" ("паселішча гарадскога тыпу", "paselyscha haradskoha typu") and also (informal or with historical sense) "мястэчка" ("miastechka").
Bangladesh[link]
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Main article: List of cities and towns in Bangladesh
Belgium[link]
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Main articles: City status in Belgium, City rights in the Low Countries, and History of urban centers in the Dutch Low Countries
Brazil[link]
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Brazil is divided into states (Portuguese: estados) and these into municipalities (municípios); there is no county or equivalent level. Brazilian law defines a "city" (cidade) as the urban seat of a municipality and establishes no difference between cities and towns; all it takes for an urban area to be legally called a "city" is to be the seat of a municipality, and some of them are semi-rural settlements with a very small population. Municipalities always have the same name as their corresponding cities, and the terms município and cidade are often used interchangeably, even by the government itself, although this is not technically correct. However, except for the Federal District (the area of the national capital city, Brasília), which has special status and no municipalities, all land in Brazil is in the territory of some municipality. Thus, even in the country's remotest wilderness areas, one is still technically under the jurisdiction of a "city," or at least of its government. Brazil's largest cities are São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, both located on the heavily urbanized South East coast.
Bulgaria[link]
Main article: List of cities in Bulgaria
In Bulgaria the word "град" (grad) means city or town, although the word "градче" (gradche) can be used for small cities or towns. The Council of Ministers has the right to give or withdraw the status of the territorial unit and the president sets the name. In 2005 it was introduced that in order for a village to become a city it has to have developed social and technical infrastructure and have a population of more than 3500 people (in the resort cities - more than 1000).
There are settlements with a city status for historical and cultural reasons (Melnik with a population of 358), or for political reasons (Pravets, Kableshkovo, etc.).
Canada[link]
Main articles: List of cities in Canada and Local government in Canada
In Canada, the granting of city status is handled by the individual provinces and territories. Therefore, city status definitions and criteria vary widely across the country. In British Columbia and Saskatchewan, towns can become cities after they reach a population of 5,000 people,[34][35] but the threshold is 10,000 in Alberta,[36] New Brunswick,[37] and Ontario. In Manitoba, an urban municipality may not be named as a city unless its population meets or exceeds 7,500 people.[38]
Although it has numerous cities in the traditional sense of the term, Ontario also sometimes confers city status on primarily rural areas whose municipalities have been merged into a former county government. Nova Scotia has abolished city status altogether, replacing it with regional municipality status.
In Quebec, there is no legal distinction between a city and a town, as both have the legal status of ville. The province formerly differentiated between ville (town) and cité (city), but no longer does so.
China (People's Republic of China)[link]
A city is an administrative division in Mainland China. There are three types of cities: a municipality is a provincial-level division (e.g. Shanghai or Beijing); a prefecture-level city is governed by provinces or autonomous regions; and a county-level city is a sub-unit of a prefecture-level administrative division.
There is a formal definition of city in China provided by the Chinese government, commonly seen in maps and textbooks.[citation needed] A minimum 100,000 non-agricultural population in an urbanized area, usually the administrative centre of a county(县, "xian"), is required to establish it in an administrative sense as a city(市, "shi"). By its non-agricultural population is a city classified: 100,000-200,000 a small city, 200,000-500,000 a medium city, 500,000-1,000,000 a large city and >1,000,000 an extra-large city(特大城市).[citation needed] Also, there is an administrative definition based on the city boundary too and a city has its legal city limits.[citation needed] In 1998, there were 668 cities in China. China has the largest urban population in the world although half of its population still lives in rural areas.[citation needed]
Chile[link]
Chile's Department of National Statistics defines a city (ciudad in Spanish) as an urban entity with more than 5,000 inhabitants.[39] A town (pueblo), is an urban entity with 2,001 to 5,000 persons, however, if the area has some economic activity, the designation may include populations as small as 1,001. The department also defines Major Cities as provincial or regional capitals with populations of 100,001 to 500,000; Great Urban Areas which comprise several entities without any appreciable limit between them and populations which total between 500,001 and 1,000,000. A Metropolis is the largest urban area in the country where there are more than one million inhabitants. The "urban entity" is defined as a concentration of habitations with more than 2,000 persons living in them, or more than 1,000 persons if more than half of those persons are in some way gainfully employed. Tourist and recreation areas with more than 250 living units may be considered as urban areas.[39]
Denmark[link]
Main articles: list of cities in Denmark by population and list of boroughs in Denmark
Denmark abolished the legal distinction between borough (købstad in Danish) and town (by) with the administrative reform in 1970. Before that time boroughs were chartered towns exempt from the county jurisdiction.
Egypt[link]
Main article: List of cities in Egypt
In Egypt the word "مدينة" (madina) means city or town and there is no distinction between the two.
France[link]
The French word for city is the same for that for a town, ville. In France, there is no distinction between a town and a city. There is only a difference between a city or town (ville), a village (village) which is smaller (around 50 to 2000 inhabitants), and a hamlet (hameau) which does not have more than around 50 inhabitants.[40] French people usually make a difference between a city that has more than around 10000 inhabitants (city) and one that has less than around 10000 (town). The number of inhabitants that a city or a village is considered as having may vary among individuals. But petite ville (literally "small town", or town) usually refers to smaller villes and grande ville for the bigger ones.[citation needed] The term métropole (metropolis) or grande ville (big town or city) can be used for the biggest cities.[citation needed]
Germany[link]
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The German word for both "town" and "city" is Stadt, while a city with more than 100,000 inhabitants is called a Großstadt (big city). On the other hand, most towns are communities belonging to a Landkreis (county or rural district), but there are some cities, usually with at least 50,000 inhabitants, that are counties by themselves (kreisfreie Städte). In 2006, there were 82 cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants in Germany. Germany's largest cities are Berlin, Hamburg, Munich, Cologne and Frankfurt am Main while the largest urban area is in the Rhine-Ruhr region with over 12 million inhabitants. Frankfurt, Munich, Düsseldorf, Berlin, Stuttgart and Cologne are characterized as world cities or global cities.
Greece[link]
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Iceland[link]
Main article: List of cities and towns in Iceland
India[link]
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Main article: List of cities in India
Indonesia[link]
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Main article: List of cities in Indonesia
Iraq[link]
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Ireland[link]
Main article: City status in Ireland
The primary subdivisions for local government in the Republic of Ireland are 29 counties and 5 cities, the latter being Cork, Dublin, Galway, Limerick, and Waterford. Although Kilkenny is administratively a borough, it is entitled to use the title city for ceremonial and tourist purposes, having been described as such in a royal charter in 1601.
Israel[link]
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The term "city" is not a legal term. The Israeli Interior Minister has authority to classify the municipalities and local authorities for local councils. Usually communities larger than 20,000 residents are recognized as municipalities. Under special circumstances, the Minister of the Interior can declare a city municipality with only 5,000 city residents. The smallest municipality in Israel is Or Akiva with less than 15,000 inhabitants. In contrast, Ramat Hasharon remained a local council, though over 35,000 people lived there. The law specifies additional criteria: the level of urban development, stability of the coalition of the local Council, services available to residents, reasonable and proper financial management. The declaration of a settlement as a city is made by the interior minister after a special investigative committee has examined these criteria. Each municipality has a mayor and council, elected in local elections supervised by the Ministry of Interior. The number of council members is determined by the number of city residents: Up to 5,000 residents - 9 members. 5,000 to 25,000 residents - up to 15 members. 25,000 to 100,000 residents - up to 21 members. 100,000 residents and more - 21 to 31 members. Setting the city (as distinct from the legal term here means a geographical term) as presented in the Israeli pavilion in Venice Architecture Biennale in 2000: "A city is a hotbed of people that allows them to simultaneously maintain other relationships with a diverse level of intimacy while maintaining complete anonymity." ("Anonymous intimacy")
Italy[link]
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In Italy a city is called a città, a noun derived from the Latin civitas, but towns are also called città. The status of "city" is granted by the President of the Republic with Presidential Decree Law[citation needed]. The largest and most important cities in the country, such as Rome, Milan, Naples and Turin, are called aree metropolitane (metropolitan areas) because they include several minor cities and towns in their areas. In the coat of arms, a golden crown tower stands for a city[citation needed].
Kazakhstan[link]
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Japan[link]
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In Japan a city is called a shi (市) where as a town is called a machi or chō (町) and a village is called a mura or son (村). The term for town can be used like the English term when referring to the centre of a large city. The capital city, Tokyo, has a special designation and is also known as ku (区) which is similar to municipal arrondissement in France. The definitions of shi or a city are as follows:
- 1. Population is more than 50,000.
- 2. 60% or more of buildings are in the city centre.
- 3. 60% or more of the households work for non Primary sector of the economy.
- 4. Has a system to function as a city. The definition of town differs by each prefecture minimum requirement of 4,000 to 15,000.
Main article: List of cities in Japan
Malaysia[link]
Main article: List of cities in Malaysia
In Malaysia, there are populated areas which are granted city status by law (bandar raya). However, there are also highly urbanised and populated areas which does not have city status, but are sometimes colloquially also referred to as cities. City status is granted to a place within a local government area. Other populated areas which does not have city status are legally categorised as a municipality or town.
Mexico[link]
The Mexican population is increasingly urban with close to 75% of the population living in cities. The five largest metropolitan areas of Mexico (Greater Mexico City, Greater Guadalajara, Greater Monterrey, Greater Puebla and Greater Tijuana) are home to 30% of the country's population.
In 2004, a joint effort between CONAPO (National Council of Population), INEGI and the Secretariat of Social Development (SEDESOL) agreed to define metropolitan areas as either:[41]
- The group of two or more municipalities in which a city with a population of at least 50,000 is located whose urban area extends over the limit of the municipality that originally contained the core city incorporating either physically or under its area of direct influence other adjacent predominantly urban municipalities all of which have a high degree of social and economic integration or are relevant for urban politics and administration.
- A single municipality in which a city of a population of at least one million is located and fully contained, (that is, it does not transcend the limits of a single municipality).
Netherlands[link]
Main article: City rights in the Low Countries
In the Netherlands a city is called stad, in common with other Germanic languages. In the Dutch language there is no distinction between town and city (both are stad). Small settlements are distinguished similarly as in English, being called dorp (village) or gehucht (hamlet). In medieval times, a settlement had to achieve city-rights to be called a stad. In modern times, there is no Dutch law saying what can be called a city or not, although generally places with more than 50,000 inhabitants are called a city. Settlements between 20,000 and 50,000 are most often called kleine stad or stadje, which literally means "little city". Settlements under about 20,000 may be called dorp, "village". The four largest cities are Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague and Utrecht, which together form the heart of the Randstad metropolitan conurbation.
Nigeria[link]
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New Zealand[link]
See also: Territorial authorities of New Zealand
In New Zealand, a local authority may be proclaimed a city only if it meets certain criteria. Specifically, "a city [...] must have a minimum population of 50,000, be predominantly urban in character, be a distinct entity and a major centre of activity within the region."[42] Some early settlements, such as Nelson and Christchurch, were proclaimed cities by royal charter. Later, laws established criteria for a town to meet before it could officially be proclaimed a city, and these criteria have changed over time. As of 1 November 2010 (2010 -11-01)[update], 13 of New Zealand's 67 territorial authorities will be officially styled cities.
In informal usage, a city is simply a large, important urban centre, regardless of the composition of its local government (which may be a combination of one or more cities or districts). For example, Gisborne, which purports to be the first city to see the sun, has a population of only 44,500 (2006), many of whom live outside the Gisborne urban area; it is, therefore, administered by a district council, not a city council. Some city councils, such as Christchurch and Dunedin, also administer large areas of rural hinterland; the communities in these areas, such as the towns of Akaroa and Middlemarch, are not often thought of as part of their cities, except for certain legal and administrative purposes. Meanwhile, the cities of Wellington and Auckland are generally regarded as single cities, despite Wellington's and, until recently, Auckland's being divided into several local government areas.
Statistics New Zealand has introduced the concept of main urban areas, which have a minimum population of 30,000. The 16 main urban areas identified in 2001 and 2006 correspond closely to the urban settlements traditionally regarded as cities.
Norway[link]
Main article: List of cities in Norway
In Norway a city is called by and is derived from the Norse word býr meaning "a place with many buildings". Both cities and towns can be referred to as by; however, in recent years, storby (lit. large city) has been used for larger settlements. The status of "town" is granted by the local authorities if a request for city status has been made and the area has a population of at least 5000. An area with a population of at least 50,000 is counted as a "city". Since 1997, cities no longer have special administrative functions.[43]
Pakistan[link]
File:Jinnahavenuenight.png
Islamabad - the new capital of Pakistan
Main article: List of cities in Pakistan
There has traditionally been no formal distinction between "City" or "Town" in Pakistan, although informal distinctions and status has been as common as in any other country. Several cities in what is now Pakistan were traditionally recognized as cities; in some cases for centuries; Lahore, Multan and Peshawar are examples. After independence and the rapid increase in population that followed caused Karachi to become the nation's largest city, while the rapid industrialisation in the north of the country resulted in new towns increasing greatly in population; such as Sialkot and Faisalabad,these two cities grow in population also because of agriculture,social development and high rate of natural increase, whilst Rawalpindi, traditionally a garrison town became a large city due to the decision to build a new capital nearby. In 2001, a new Act formalised the distinction, by granting the 10 largest cities and metropolitan areas the status of city district, which for the first time gave areas the status of cities.
Philippines[link]
Main article: Cities of the Philippines
Congress is the lone legislative entity that can incorporate cities. Provincial and municipal councils can pass resolutions indicating a desire to have a certain area (usually an already-existing municipality or a cluster of barangays) declared a city after the requirements for becoming a city are met. As per Republic Act No. 9009, these requirements include the following:[44]
- locally generated income of at least PHP 100 million (based on constant prices in the year 2000) for the last two consecutive years, as certified by the Department of Finance, AND
- a population of 150,000 or more, as certified by the National Statistics Office (NSO); OR a contiguous territory of 100 square kilometers, as certified by the Land Management Bureau, with contiguity not being a requisite for areas that are on two or more islands.
Poland[link]
In Poland the word miasto serves for both town and city. Miasto is the term applied purely on the basis of the administrative decision of the central government, and specifically means either:
- a county (gmina or powiat) with a city charter;
- a city within a county, created by granting a city charter to a smaller town within a county.[45]
These formal distinctions may differentiate larger towns from smaller ones (such as status as a separate powiat, or the conferring of the title prezydent on the mayor rather than burmistrz), but none of these is universally recognized as equivalent to the English city/town distinction.
Poland's largest cities are: Warsaw, Kraków, Łódź, Wrocław, Poznań, Gdańsk, Szczecin, Bydgoszcz, Lublin and Katowice.
Portugal[link]
As in Spanish, in Portuguese there is a traditional distinction between cities — cidades — and towns — vilas. The difference is defined by law,[46] and a city must have:
- at least 8,000 electors (more or less 10,000 inhabitants)
- at least half of the following services:
- hospital
- pharmacy
- fire department
- theatre / cultural house
- museum
- library
- hotel services
- basic and secondary schools
- public transport
- gardens / urban parks
In special cases, some towns may be granted the status of city if they possess historical, cultural or architectonic importance.
The Portuguese urban settlements heraldry reflects the difference between cities, towns and villages,[47] with the coat of arms of a city bearing a crown with 5 towers, the coat of arms of a town bearing a crown with 4 towers, while the coat of arms of a village bears a crown with 3 towers. This difference between cities, towns and villages is still in use in other Portuguese speaking countries, but not in Brazil.
There is also the notion of grande área metropolitana (great metropolitan area). There are two main metropolitan areas: Lisbon (the capital), in the centre of the country and Porto in the North. Lisbon Metropolitan Area has a population that exceeds 3 million. Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto has over 2 million inhabitants, although it is part of the Portuguese Northwestern Agglomeration that has, also, about 3 million inhabitants.
Romania[link]
Cities and towns in Romania can have the status either of municipiu or oraş. Smaller villages that do not apply to the city status are called comuna/comune (f., sing./pl.) and sat/sate (m., sing./pl.). By 2001 law,[48] published on July 24, 2001 (M.O. number 408), there are 172 cities in Romania, and the minimum requirements for a settlement to be acknowledge as a iii-3rd rank city status are:[49]
- Population: over 5,000 citizens
- Non-agricultural related activities: 75% people
- Network of drinking water coverage for homes: 70% of street covering
- Network of liquid waste recycle from homes: 55% of street covering
- Waste water recycling facility
- Water access-points for fire related incidents: 60% of the street covering
- Paved streets or more: 50%
- Hospital seats: 7 every 1000th citizen
- Medical health care: 1.8 doctors per 1000th citizen
- Hotel rooms: 50 seats
- Public and permanent waste disposal
- Primary school for children and a complementary school or at least one high school.
- Cultural facilities: One free-access library, one show room, one public gym
- One public garden : 10 sqm / citizen
In respect to the density of the cities, if it is more than 25 km to the next city, there are further benefits the mayor can access, fundings included.
A municipality is the next status after city-status by the same law, and Romania has 82 municipalities, plus the Municipality of Bucharest.
Russia[link]
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There are many large cities in Russia such as Moscow (the capital), Saint-Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Novosibirsk, Omsk and Grozny.
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South Africa[link]
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South Africa has three capitals.[citation needed]
South Korea[link]
Main article: List of cities in South Korea
South Korea has a system of dividing into metropolitan cities, provinces, a special city (Seoul) and one specially self-governing province (Jeju-do). In South Korea, cities should have a population of more than 150,000, and if a city has more than 500,000, it would be divided into 2 districts and then sub-communities follow as a name of dong with similar system of normal cities. Additionally, if a city's population is over 1,000,000, then it would be promoted to metropolitan city.[50]
Seoul is the world's second largest metropolitan area.[51]
South Sudan[link]
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South Sudan plans to build a new capital that will be called Ramciel.
Sweden[link]
Main articles: Stad (Sweden) and List of cities in Sweden by population
Sweden canceled the official legal term City (in Swedish: stad) in the year 1971. Only the word municipality (in Swedish: kommun) prevails, making no legal difference between Stockholm and a countryside municipality. Before that there were a number of terms like "stad"/Town, "köping"/large village etc. The definition of City/Town (stad) was merely that it was given such a title. Since the 1980s some municipalities (13 out of 290) being "stad" before 1971, again call themselves town (stad), but only in tourist advertising. This has no legal or administrative significance whatsoever, and the municipalities have to use the word "kommun" by law. In other cases the seat of the municipality is called "town".
Today's Swedish terminology makes no distinction between city and town; both concepts translate to the single word "stad", but sometimes town can be rendered "småstad" ("små" means "small"). Statistics Sweden defines a "stad" as an urban area (in Swedish: tätort) of at least 10,000 inhabitants.
Taiwan (Republic of China)[link]
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Main article: List of cities in Taiwan
Turkey[link]
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Main article: Metropolitan centers in Turkey
There have been three separate definitions of a city in Turkey. The older definition, which defined a city as a settlement with more than 20,000 inhabitants is out of use and in the a city is now usually defined as the administrative center of a province (Turkish: il) There are 81 provincial centers in Turkey. Some of the district centers (Turkish: ilçe) are more populous and developed than the provincial centers.
But in 1984, the concept of metropolitan centers (Turkish: Büyükşehir) was introduced. According to definition (revised as of 2004), a metropolitan center is a settlement with more than 750 000 inhabitants. At present 16 of the provincial centers are metropolitan centers.
Ukraine[link]
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There is no difference in the Ukrainian language between the notions of "town" and "city". Both these words are translated into Ukrainian as "місто" ("misto"). In articles in Wikipedia, only the term "city" is used for every Ukrainian locality named "місто". The smallest population of a city of Ukraine can be about 10,000. For towns which officially are not named "місто," the name "urban-type settlement" ("селище міського типу", "selyshche mis'koho typu")is used, and also (informal) "містечко" ("mistechko"). The latter Ukrainian word is related to the word "місто," and can be translated as "small town".
United Kingdom[link]
Main article: City status in the United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, a city is a town which has been known as a city since time immemorial, or which has received city status by letters patent. In England and Wales, prior to 1907 the criterion was simply the establishment of an Anglican Cathedral. For example the small town of Ripon was granted city status in 1836 to coincide with the creation of the Diocese of Ripon, but also in recognition of its long-standing role as a supplier of spurs to royalty.
Newest cities created in the United Kingdom were in:
- 2012 (Diamond Jubilee): Chelmsford, Perth and St Asaph
- 2002 (Queen's Jubilee): Lisburn, Newport, Newry, Preston and Stirling.
- 2000 (Millennium): Brighton and Hove, Inverness and Wolverhampton.
In the United Kingdom, when people talk about cities, they generally include the suburbs in that. Some cathedral cities, such as St David's in Wales and Wells in England, are quite small, and are not routinely thought of as cities due to their small size. Other places such as Reading, Northampton, Luton, Bournemouth and Milton Keynes all harbour populations of over 200,000 inhabitants but are not cities.
Since local government reorganisation in 1974 the title of city has been awarded to a number of local government districts which are not themselves towns. Each of these cities includes a number of towns, villages or rural areas including the urban area from which the city takes its name. Examples include the cities of Bradford, Leeds, Newport, Preston, Wakefield and Winchester.
The situation in London is a historical anomaly: the City of Westminster and the City of London are geographically small but historically significant parts of the Greater London conurbation that have independent city status.[citation needed]
A Review of Scotland's Cities led to the Fair City of Perth, Scotland, initially losing city status, until it won the right to be called a City again in the 2012 Diamond Jubilee competition. By both legal and traditional definition, a town may be of any size, but must contain a market place. A village must contain a church, otherwise it is called a hamlet.[52]
The UK's five largest cities are generally considered to be London, Birmingham, Leeds, Manchester and Glasgow, but this is based on the population of the conurbation as a whole.[53][54] In terms of formal city boundaries, the largest include Bristol, Leicester, Edinburgh, Liverpool and Sheffield.
United States[link]
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Main article: List of United States cities by population
In the United States of America, the classification of population centers is a matter of state law; consequently, the definition of a city varies widely from state to state. In some states, a city may be run by an elected mayor and city council, while a town is governed by the people, a select board (or board of trustees), or open town meeting. There are some very large municipalities which label themselves as towns (such as Hempstead, New York, with a population of 755,785 in 2004 or Cary, North Carolina with a population of 112,414 in 2006 ) and some very small cities (such as Woodland Mills, Tennessee, with a population of 296 in 2000), and the line between town and city, if it exists at all, varies from state to state. The lack of a clear-cut definition of a city in the United States can lead to some counter-intuitive labeling; for example, before it was dissolved in 2002[55] Maza, North Dakota, with only 5 inhabitants, was a city as by North Dakota law any incorporated location is deemed a city regardless of size. California has both towns and cities but the terms "town" and "city" are considered synonymous. The nation's top five largest cities are New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, and Philadelphia.[56]
In some U.S. states, any incorporated town is also called a city. If a distinction is being made between towns and cities, exactly what that distinction is often depends on the context. The context will differ depending on whether the issue is the legal authority it possesses, the availability of shopping and entertainment, and the scope of the group of places under consideration. Intensifiers such as "small town" and "big city" are also common, though the converse of each is rarely used.
Some states make a distinction between villages and other forms of municipalities. In some cases, villages combine with larger other communities to form larger towns; a well-known example of an urban village is New York City's famed Greenwich Village, which started as a quiet country settlement but was absorbed by the growing city.
In Illinois, cities must have a minimum population of 2,500 but in Nebraska, cities must have a minimum of only 800 residents. In Oregon, Kansas, Kentucky, North Dakota, Minnesota, and Iowa, all incorporated municipalities are cities. In Ohio, a municipality automatically becomes a city if it has 5,000 residents counted in a federal census but it reverts to a village if its population drops below 5,000.[57] In Nebraska, 5,000 residents is the minimum for a city of the first class while 800 is the minimum for a city of the second class. The Constitution of Idaho makes no distinction between incorporated towns or cities.[58]
In all of the New England states, city status is conferred by the form of government, not population. Town government has a board of selectmen or Town Council for the executive branch, and a town meeting for the legislative branch, but unlike the US Government, the executive acts only as an administrative body and cannot override the will of town meeting. New England cities, on the other hand, have a mayor for the executive, and a legislature referred to as either the city council or the board of aldermen.
In Virginia, all incorporated municipalities designated as cities are independent of the adjacent or surrounding county while a town is an incorporated municipality which remains a part of an adjacent or surrounding county. The largest incorporated municipalities by population are all cities, although some smaller cities have a smaller population than some towns. For example, the smallest city of Norton has a population of 3,904 and the largest town of Blacksburg has a population of 39,573. The other U.S. independent cities are Baltimore, Maryland; St. Louis, Missouri; and Carson City, Nevada.[59]
In Pennsylvania, municipalites with more than 10 persons can incorporate as a borough. Any township or borough with a population of at least 10,000 can ask the state legislature to charter as a city. In Pennsylvania, a village is simply an unincorporated community within a township. Parker, Pennsylvania is known as the smallest city in the United States.
Venezuela[link]
Venezuela's Department of National Statistics defines a city (ciudad in Spanish) as an urban entity with more than 5,000 inhabitants. A town (pueblo), is an urban entity with 2,001 to 5,000 persons.
Global cities[link]
Main article: Global city
A global city, also known as a world city, is a prominent centre of trade, banking, finance, innovation, and markets. The term "global city", as opposed to megacity, was coined by Saskia Sassen in a seminal 1991 work.[citation needed] Whereas "megacity" refers to any city of enormous size, a global city is one of enormous power or influence. Global cities, according to Sassen, have more in common with each other than with other cities in their host nations. Notable examples of such cities include London, New York City, Chicago, Dubai, Hong Kong, Paris, Shanghai, Singapore, Sydney and Tokyo.
The notion of global cities is rooted in the concentration of power and capabilities within all cities. The city is seen as a container where skills and resources are concentrated: the better able a city is to concentrate its skills and resources, the more successful and powerful the city. This makes the city itself more powerful in the sense that it can influence what is happening around the world. Following this view of cities, it is possible to rank the world's cities hierarchically.[60]
Critics of the notion point to the different realms of power. The term global city is heavily influenced by economic factors and, thus, may not account for places that are otherwise significant. For example, cities like Istanbul, Jerusalem, Karbala, Lisbon, Mashhad, Mecca, and Rome are powerful in religious and historical terms but would not be considered "global cities." Additionally, it has been questioned whether the city itself can be regarded as an actor.[by whom?]
In 1995, Kanter argued that successful cities can be identified by three elements: good thinkers (concepts), good makers (competence) or good traders (connections). The interplay of these three elements, Kanter argued, means that good cities are not planned but managed.
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Inner city[link]
Main article: Inner city
In the United States, United Kingdom and Ireland, the term "inner city" is sometimes used with the connotation of being an area, perhaps a ghetto, where people are less wealthy and where there is more crime.[citation needed] These connotations are less common in other Western countries, as deprived areas are located in varying parts of other Western cities. In fact, with the gentrification of some formerly run-down central city areas the reverse connotation can apply. In Australia, for example, the term "outer suburban" applied to a person implies a lack of sophistication. In Paris, the inner city is the richest part of the metropolitan area, where housing is the most expensive, and where elites and high-income individuals dwell. In the developing world, economic modernization brings poor newcomers from the countryside to build haphazardly at the edge of current settlement (see favelas, shacks and shanty towns).
The United States, in particular, has a culture of anti-urbanism that dates back to colonial times. The American City Beautiful architecture movement of the late 19th century was a reaction to perceived urban decay and sought to provide stately civic buildings and boulevards to inspire civic pride in the motley residents of the urban core. Modern anti-urban attitudes are to be found in the United States in the form of a planning profession that continues to develop land on a low-density suburban basis, where access to amenities, work and shopping is provided almost exclusively by car rather than by foot or transit.
However, there is a growing movement in North America called "New Urbanism" that calls for a return to traditional city planning methods where mixed-use zoning allows people to walk from one type of land-use to another. The idea is that housing, shopping, office space, and leisure facilities are all provided within walking distance of each other, thus reducing the demand for road-space and also improving the efficiency and effectiveness of mass transit.
21st century[link]
There is a debate about whether technology and instantaneous communications are making cities obsolete, or reinforcing the importance of big cities as centres of the knowledge economy.[61][62][63] Knowledge-based development of cities, globalization of innovation networks, and broadband services are driving forces of a new city planning paradigm towards intelligent cities. Intelligent / smart cities use technology and communication to create more efficient agglomerations in terms of competitiveness, innovation, environment, energy, utilities, governance, and delivery of services to the citizen. Some companies are building brand new masterplanned cities from scratch on greenfield sites.
- Gujarat International Finance Tec-City, India
- Nano City, India
- Putrajaya, Malaysia
- King Abdullah Economic City, Saudi Arabia
- Sejong City, South Korea
- Songdo International Business District, South Korea
- Dubai Waterfront, United Arab Emirates
- Dubai World Central, United Arab Emirates
- Masdar City, United Arab Emirates
See also[link]
Notes[link]
- ^ a b Goodall, B. (1987) The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography. London: Penguin.
- ^ Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) The Social Science Encyclopedia. 2nd edition. London: Routledge.
- ^ (Bairoch 1988, pp. 3–4)
- ^ (Pacione 2001, p. 16)
- ^ a b (Bairoch 1988, p. 13)
- ^ a b (Jacobs 1969, p. 23)
- ^ Childe, V. Gordon (2008). "The Urban Revolution". Town Planning Review 21 (1): 3–19. DOI:10.1068/d5307.
- ^ Kenoyer, Jonathan Mark (1998) Ancient Cities of the Indus Valley Civilization. Oxford University Press, Karachi and New York.
- ^ Shady Solís, Ruth Martha (1997). La ciudad sagrada de Caral-Supe en los albores de la civilización en el Perú. Lima: UNMSM, Fondo Editorial. http://sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe/Bibvirtual/Libros/Arqueologia/ciudad_sagrada/caratula.htm. Retrieved 2007-03-03. (Spanish)
- ^ Smith 2002
- ^ Luc-Normand Tellier (2009). "Urban world history: an economic and geographical perspective". PUQ. p.185. ISBN 2-7605-1588-5
- ^ On The Political Economy of the Roman Empire, Keith Hopkins
- ^ Rostovtzeff 1941: 1138-39)
- ^ a b George Modelski, World Cities: –3000 to 2000, Washington DC: FAROS 2000, 2003. ISBN 2-00-309499-4. See also Evolutionary World Politics Homepage.
- ^ The organization of the grain trade in the early Roman Empire, David Kessler and Peter Temin
- ^ Trudy Ring, Robert M. Salkin, K. A. Berney, Paul E. Schellinger (1996). International dictionary of historic places, Volume 4: Middle East and Africa. Taylor and Francis. p. 116
- ^ History of African Cities South of the Sahara By Catherine Coquery -Vidrovitch. 2005. ISBN 1-55876-303-1
- ^ "Mayday 23: World Population Becomes More Urban Than Rural". News.ncsu.edu. http://news.ncsu.edu/releases/2007/may/104.html. Retrieved 2009-02-07. [dead link]
- ^ "Indoor Air Quality — American Lung Association of Alaska". Aklung.org. http://www.aklung.org/air-quality/indoor-air-quality/. Retrieved 2009-02-07.
- ^ "Newsminer.com; EPA to put Fairbanks on air pollution problem list". Newsminer.com. 2008-08-20. http://newsminer.com/news/2008/aug/20/epa-put-fairbanks-air-pollution-problem-list/. Retrieved 2009-02-07.
- ^ "Knowldege Spillovers" (PDF). http://www.philadelphiafed.org/files/br/brq401gc.pdf. Retrieved 2010-05-16.
- ^ "UN Habitat calling urban living 'a good thing". BBC News. 2007-06-27. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/6244496.stm. Retrieved 2009-02-07.
- ^ "National Geographic Magazine; Special report 2008: Changing Climate (Village Green-article by". Michelle Nijhuis. 2008-08-26. http://www.michellenijhuis.com/. Retrieved 2009-02-07.
- ^ "Un Habitat calling to rethink urban planning". Un-Habitat.. http://www.unhabitat.org/content.asp?cid=2523&catid=5&typeid=6&subMenuId=0. Retrieved 2009-02-07.
- ^ Richard Sennett, The Fall of Public Man, Knopf (1977), p. 39. ISBN 0-14-100757-5
- ^ pg 158. Cities in Profile - The Readers Digest Complete Atlas of Australia. Sydney, 1968
- ^ http://www.ga.gov.au/place-names/ Geoscience Australia - Place Names Locality Bounded
- ^ http://www.holroyd.nsw.gov.au/your_city/local_history/significant_events/holroyd_becomes_a_city
- ^ http://www.unley.sa.gov.au/page.aspx?u=1302
- ^ http://au.news.yahoo.com/thewest/regional/rockingham/a/-/news/13480025/cost-of-becoming-city-238-000/
- ^ http://stca.tas.gov.au/future/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/history-sm.pdf
- ^ "Community Engagement - Application for City status". Moving Ahead. Shire of Melton. 2010-11-10. http://www.melton.vic.gov.au/Files/Publications/Moving_Ahead_Nov10.pdf. Retrieved 2012-05-29.
- ^ Гісторыя Беларусі. Энцыклапедыя. Том 5
- ^ "Local Government Act, Part 2 – Incorporation of Municipalities". British Columbia Queen's Printer. http://www.bclaws.ca/EPLibraries/bclaws_new/document/LOC/freeside/--%20L%20--/Local%20Government%20Act%20RSBC%201996%20c.%20323/00_Act/96323_03.xml#section7. Retrieved 2011-04-07.
- ^ "The Cities Act, Part IV – Incorporation of Cities". Saskatchewan Queen's Printer. http://www.qp.gov.sk.ca/documents/english/Statutes/Statutes/c11-1.pdf. Retrieved 2011-04-07.
- ^ "Municipal Government Act, Part 4 – Formation, Fundamental Changes and Dissolution". Alberta Queen's Printer. http://www.qp.alberta.ca/574.cfm?page=m26.cfm&leg_type=Acts&isbncln=9780779756155. Retrieved 2011-04-07.
- ^ "Municipalities Act". New Brunswick Queen's Printer. http://www.gnb.ca/0062/PDF-acts/m-22.pdf. Retrieved 2011-04-07.
- ^ "Municipalities Act, Part 2 – Formation, Fundamental Changes and Dissolution". Province of Manitoba. http://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/m225e.php. Retrieved 2011-04-08.
- ^ a b "DPA y CENSAL 2000 Political Divisions Chile National Institute of Statistics" (PDF). http://www.ine.cl/canales/chile_estadistico/territorio/division_politico_administrativa/pdf/dpa2001.pdf. Retrieved 2010-05-16.
- ^ INSEE.fr
- ^ "Delimitación de las zonas metropolitanas de México" (PDF). http://www.inegi.gob.mx/est/contenidos/espanol/metodologias/otras/zonas_met.pdf. Retrieved 2010-09-11.
- ^ "Geographic Definitions, 2006 Census Information About Data, 2006 Census, Statistics New Zealand". http://www.stats.govt.nz/Census/about-2006-census/2006-census-definitions-questionnaires/definitions/c.aspx. Retrieved 2010-01-26.
- ^ "Storbymeldingen". http://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dep/krd/dok/regpubl/stmeld/20022003/stmeld-nr-31-2002-2003-/1.html?id=402980. Retrieved 2010-10-15.
- ^ Republic Act No. 9009, Chan-Robles Law Library.
- ^ "Definition of city in Poland" (in (Polish)). Stat.gov.pl. http://www.stat.gov.pl/gus/definicje_PLK_HTML.htm?id=POJ-4689.htm. Retrieved 2009-02-07.
- ^ "Law n.° 11/82 (Lei das designações e determinação de categoria das povoações), of June, 2nd" (PDF). http://www.povt.qren.pt/tempfiles/20080213151143moptc.pdf. Retrieved 2010-05-16.
- ^ "Flags of the World". Crwflags.com. http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/pt-_m.html#rules. Retrieved 2010-05-16.
- ^ "Legea nr.351 din 6 iulie 2001 privind aprobarea Planului de amenajare a teritoriului național - Secțiunea a IV-a Rețeaua de localități" (in română). Monitorul Oficial. 6 iulie 2001. http://www.cdep.ro/pls/legis/legis_pck.htp_act_text?idt=28862. Retrieved 26 octombrie 2008.
- ^ See Law 351/2001, anexe nr. II
- ^ Korea.net - Administrative Units
- ^ R.L. Forstall, R.P. Greene, and J.B. Pick, "Which are the largest? Why published populations for major world urban areas vary so greatly", City Futures Conference, (University of Illinois at Chicago, July 2004)– Table 5 (p.34)
- ^ Dictionary of British Social History; L W Cowrie: Wordsworth reference: ISBN 1-85326-378-8
- ^ "Statistics.gov.uk" (PDF). http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_compendia/fom2005/03_FOPM_UrbanAreas.pdf. Retrieved 2010-09-11.
- ^ "CityProfiles". Urban Audit. http://www.urbanaudit.org/CityProfiles.aspx. Retrieved 2010-05-16.
- ^ "U.S. Census Bureau: Boundary Changes". Census.gov. 2010-03-30. http://www.census.gov/popest/geographic/boundary_changes/. Retrieved 2010-05-16.
- ^ "American FactFinder". U.S. Census Bureau. http://factfinder2.census.gov.
- ^ Ohio Revised Code 703.01
- ^ "Idaho Constitution". Legislature.idaho.gov. http://www.legislature.idaho.gov/idstat/IC/ArtXIISect1PrinterFriendly.htm. Retrieved 2010-05-16.
- ^ "Chapter 4: States, Counties, and Statistically Equivalent Entities" (PDF). Geographic Areas Reference Manual. United States Census Bureau. pp. 4–9, 4–11. http://www.census.gov/geo/www/GARM/Ch4GARM.pdf. Retrieved 2008-09-16.
- ^ John Friedmann and Goetz Wolff, "World City Formation: An Agenda for Research and Action," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 6, no. 3 (1982): 319
- ^ Castells, M. (ed) (2004). The network society: a cross-cultural perspective. London: Edward Elgar. (ebook)
- ^ Flew, T. (2008). New media: an introduction, 3rd edn, South Melbourne: Oxford University Press
- ^ Harford, T. (2008) The Logic of Life. London: Little, Brown.
References[link]
- Bairoch, Paul (1988). Cities and Economic Development: From the Dawn of History to the Present. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-03465-8
- Chandler, T. Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth: An Historical Census. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 1987.
- Geddes, Patrick, City Development (1904)
- Jacobs, Jane (1969). The Economy of Cities. New York: Random House Inc
- Kemp, Roger L. Managing America's Cities: A Handbook for Local Government Productivity, McFarland and Company, Inc., Publisher, Jefferson, North Carolina, USA, 2007. (ISBN 978-0-7864-3151-9).
- Kemp, Roger L. How American Governments Work: A Handbook of City, County, Regional, State, and Federal Operations, McFarland and Company, Inc., Publisher, Jefferson, North Carolina, USA. (ISBN 978-0-7864-3152-6).
- Monti, Daniel J., Jr., The American City: A Social and Cultural History. Oxford, England and Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers, 1999. 391 pp. ISBN 978-1-55786-918-0.
- Mumford, Lewis, The City in History (1961)
- O'Flaherty, Brendan (2005). City Economics. Cambridge Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-01918-0
- Pacione, Michael (2001). The City: Critical Concepts in The Social Sciences. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-25270-9
- Reader, John (2005) Cities. Vintage, New York.
- Robson, W.A., and Regan, D.E., ed., Great Cities of the World, (3d ed., 2 vol., 1972)
- Rybczynski, W., City Life: Urban Expectations in a New World, (1995)
- Smith, Michael E. (2002) The Earliest Cities. In Urban Life: Readings in Urban Anthropology, edited by George Gmelch and Walter Zenner, pp. 3–19. 4th ed. Waveland Press, Prospect Heights, IL.
- Thernstrom, S., and Sennett, R., ed., Nineteenth-Century Cities (1969)
- Toynbee, Arnold J. (ed), Cities of Destiny, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1967. Pan historical/geographical essays, many images. Starts with "Athens", ends with "The Coming World City-Ecumenopolis".
- Weber, Max, The City, 1921. (tr. 1958)
Further reading[link]
- Berger, Alan S., The City: Urban Communities and Their Problems, Dubuque, Iowa : William C. Brown, 1978.
- Glaeser, Edward, Triumph of the City, Penguin, 2011
External links[link]
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- Human Geography at the Open Directory Project
- Urban and Regional Planning at the Open Directory Project
- Geopolis - research group that studies the world's urbanization, Université Paris Diderot, France
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City
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This article is about the musician. For her self-titled debut album, see Taylor Swift (album).
| Taylor Swift | |
|---|---|
 Swift performing during the Australian leg of her Speak Now Tour in 2012 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Taylor Alison Swift |
| Born | (1989-12-13) December 13, 1989 (age 22) Reading, Pennsylvania, United States |
| Genres | Country-pop, pop, country, alternative rock |
| Occupations | Singer-songwriter, actress |
| Instruments | Vocals, guitar, banjo, ukulele, piano |
| Years active | 2006–present |
| Labels | Big Machine |
| Website | TaylorSwift.com |
Taylor Alison Swift (born December 13, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter and occasional actress. Raised in Wyomissing, Pennsylvania, Swift moved to Nashville, Tennessee at the age of fourteen to pursue a career in country music. She signed to the independent label Big Machine Records and became the youngest songwriter ever hired by the Sony/ATV Music publishing house. The release of Swift's self-titled debut album in 2006 established her as a country music star. "Our Song", her third single, made her the youngest sole writer and singer of a number one song on the country chart. She received a Best New Artist nomination at the 50th Grammy Awards.
Swift's second album, Fearless, was released in late 2008. Buoyed by the chart success of the singles "Love Story" and "You Belong with Me", Fearless attracted a crossover audience and became the top-selling album of 2009. The record won four Grammy Awards, with Swift becoming the youngest ever Album of the Year winner. Fearless also received Album of the Year plaudits at the American Music Awards, Academy of Country Music Awards and Country Music Association Awards, making it the most awarded album in country music history. In 2010, Swift released her third album, Speak Now, which sold over one million copies in its first week. She then embarked on the 111-date Speak Now World Tour, which was attended by over 1.6 million fans and has become one of the highest-grossing concert tours of all time. The album's third single, "Mean", won two Grammy Awards for Best Country Song and Best Country Solo Performance. Swift is currently recording her fourth studio album, due for release in the fall of 2012.
Swift's work has earned her numerous accolades, including six Grammy Awards, ten AMAs, seven CMAs, six ACMs and 13 BMI Awards. She has sold over 22 million albums and 50 million song downloads worldwide, making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time. Swift has endorsement deals with Target, CoverGirl, Sony, Elizabeth Arden, Walmart and American Greetings. As a philanthropist, Swift has placed particular emphasis on arts education, children's literacy and natural disaster relief funds. In addition to her music career, Swift has appeared as an actress in the crime drama CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (2009), the romantic comedy Valentine's Day (2010) and the animated film The Lorax (2012).
Contents |
Early life[link]
Taylor Alison Swift was born on December 13, 1989 in Reading, Pennsylvania.[1] She is the daughter of Scott Swift, a Merrill Lynch financial adviser,[2][3] and Andrea (née Gardner), a homemaker who previously worked as a mutual fund marketing executive.[1][4] Swift was named after singer James Taylor; her mother believed a gender-neutral name would help her forge a successful business career.[5][6] She has a younger brother, Austin, who attends Vanderbilt University.[7] She spent the early years of her life on an eleven-acre Christmas tree farm in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania and was educated at the fee-paying Wyndcroft School.[8] When Swift was nine years old, the family moved to Wyomissing, Pennsylvania,[9][10] where she attended Wyomissing Area Junior/Senior High School.[11] Swift spent her summers at her parent's vacation home in Stone Harbor, New Jersey[12] and has described it as the place "where most of my childhood memories were formed".[10]
Swift's first hobby was English horse riding. Her mother Andrea put her in a saddle when Swift was nine months old and she later competed in horse shows.[13][14] Her family owned several Quarter horses and a Shetland pony.[14] At the age of nine, Swift turned her attention to musical theatre and performed in Berks Youth Theatre Academy productions of Grease, Annie, Bye Bye Birdie and The Sound of Music.[15][8] She travelled regularly to Broadway, New York for vocal and acting lessons. However, "after a few years of auditioning in New York and not getting anything”, Swift became interested in country music.[16] She was inspired by LeAnn Rimes's Blue[17] and her maternal grandmother, Marjorie Finlay, an opera singer.[8] When she was in fourth grade, Swift won a national poetry contest with a three-page poem, "Monster in My Closet".[18] At the age of eleven, after many attempts,[19] Swift won a local talent competition by singing a rendition of LeAnn Rimes’s “Big Deal”, and was given the opportunity to appear as the opening act for Charlie Daniels at a Strausstown amphitheater.[15] She spent her weekends performing at local festivals, fairs, coffeehouses, karaoke contests, garden clubs and Boy Scout meetings.[20][4] This interest in country music isolated Swift from her middle school peers.[21][22]
After watching a Behind the Music episode about Faith Hill,[23] Swift recorded a demo of karaoke covers, and travelled with her mother to Nashville, Tennessee for spring break to leave a copy of the demo with record labels along Music Row. She received label rejections and realized that "everyone in that town wanted to do what I wanted to do. So, I kept thinking to myself, I need to figure out a way to be different".[23] Swift began performing the "The Star Spangled Banner" at many sporting events, hoping she would be offered a recording contract. On one occasion, an eleven-year-old Swift high-fived Jay-Z after singing the national anthem at a 76ers game in Philadelphia.[24] At the age of twelve, Swift was shown by a computer repairman how to play three chords on a guitar, inspiring her to write her first song, "Lucky You".[25][26] She then recorded a second demo of original songs.[15] In 2003, Swift and her parents began working with music manager Dan Dymtrow, after he spotted her singing at the US Open.[27] Swift's second demo then caught the attention of RCA Records, who offered the eight-grader an artist development deal. In 2004, Swift modelled for Abercrombie and Fitch as part of their "Rising Stars" campaign and had an original song included in a Maybelline Cosmetics compilation CD.[28]
When Swift was fourteen, her father transferred to the Nashville office of Merrill Lynch and the family relocated to a lake-shore house in Hendersonville, Tennessee.[1] Swift has said her parents "presented it as a move to a nice community" rather than as her chance to become a star.[29] Her mother has said, "We've always told her that this is not about putting food on our table or making our dreams come true."[30] In Tennessee, Swift attended Hendersonville High School for her freshman and sophomore years.[31] Later, to accommodate her touring schedule, Swift transferred to the Aaron Academy, a private Christian school which offered homeschooling services, and earned her high school diploma in 2008.[32]
Music career[link]
[edit] 2004–08: Nashville songwriting sessions and Taylor Swift release
Swift moved to Nashville at the age of fourteen, having secured an artist development deal with RCA Records. Her musical influences included the Dixie Chicks, Shania Twain, LeAnn Rimes, Faith Hill,[29] Tom Petty,[33] Sheryl Crow,[34] Melissa Etheridge, Pat Benatar,[35] Reba McEntire, Garth Brooks,[36] Patsy Cline, Loretta Lynn and Tammy Wynette.[37] Swift had writing sessions with experienced songwriters such as Troy Verges, Brett Beavers, Brett James, Mac McAnally and the Warren Brothers,[38][39] but eventually formed a lasting working relationship with Liz Rose.[40] Swift saw Rose performing at an RCA songwriter event and suggested that they write together.[41] They began meeting for two-hour writing sessions every Tuesday afternoon after school.[42] Rose has said that the sessions were "some of the easiest I've ever done. Basically, I was just her editor. She'd write about what happened in school that day. She had such a clear vision of what she was trying to say. And she'd come in with the most incredible hooks".[43][42] Swift also began recording demos with producer Nathan Chapman.[41] After performing at a BMI Songwriter's Circle showcase at The Bitter End, New York,[39] Swift became the youngest songwriter ever hired by the Sony/ATV Tree publishing house.[44]
Swift left RCA Records when she was fifteeen; the company wanted her to record the work of other songwriters and wait until she was eighteen to release an album, but she felt ready to launch her career with her own material.[45][19] She also parted ways with manager Dan Dymtrow, who later took legal action against Swift and her parents.[28] At an industry showcase at Nashville's The Bluebird Café in 2005, Swift caught the attention of Scott Borchetta, a Dreamworks Records executive who was preparing to form his own independent record label, Big Machine Records.[40] Swift was one of the new label's first signings.[40] As an introduction to the country music business, Borchetta arranged for Swift to intern at the CMA Music Festival; she acted as the artist escort for Darryl Worley.[46][47]
Swift began working on her self-titled debut album shortly after signing her record deal. After experimenting with veteran Nashville producers, Swift persuaded Big Machine to hire her demo producer Nathan Chapman.[19] It was his first time to record a studio album but Swift felt they had the right "chemistry".[19] In the end, Chapman produced all but one of the tracks on Taylor Swift.[19] She has described the album as the "diary" of her early teens[48] and most songs were written during her freshman year of high school.[19] As a result, the songs describe coming of age experiences such as insecurity, young love, and teenage angst.[19] She has said that, although "it sounds like I've had 500 boyfriends", a lot of the songs are observational.[19] Swift wrote three of the album's songs alone, including two singles, and co-wrote the remaining eight with writers such as Liz Rose, Robert Ellis Orrall and Angelo Petraglia.[49] Musically, the album has been described as "a mix of trad-country instruments and spry rock guitars".[50]
Taylor Swift was released in October 2006 and received generally positive reviews from music critics.[51] PopMatters hoped Swift would be "able to find an accomodation between the country tradition and her very obvious pop sensibilities, because Taylor Swift suggests she has much to offer".[52] The New Yorker's Sasha Frere-Jones described Swift as a "prodigy". She noted that "Our Song" "stop[ed] me in my tracks" and praised the lyrics: “He’s got a one-hand feel on the steering wheel, the other on my heart".[53] Country Weekly felt Swift demonstrated "an honesty, intelligence and idealism with which listeners of any age will be able to connect" and noted that "the more thoughtful material suggests a talent poised to last well past high school".[54] AllMusic stated that, while listening to the album, it was "never in doubt" that "Swift is a talent to be reckoned with".[55] Rolling Stone described Swift as "bright-eyed but remarkably seasoned", and admired "Our Song"'s "insanely hooky sing-song melody that's as Britney as it is Patsy".[50]
Big Machine Records was still in its infancy upon the release of the lead single "Tim McGraw" in June 2006, and Swift and her mother helped "stuff the CD singles into envelopes to send to radio".[30] She spent much of 2006 promoting Taylor Swift in a radio tour and later commented, "Radio tours for most artists last six weeks. Mine lasted six months."[19] Swift painted canvases (inspired by Jackson Pollock) to gift to radio station managers who played her music.[56] She took part in "GAC Short Cuts", a part-documentary, part-music-video series designed to introduce her to country music fans.[57][58] She also made television appearances on Good Morning America,[59] The Megan Mullally Show,[59] America's Got Talent,[60] and TRL.[61] Swift, a self-described "kid of the internet",[62] used MySpace to build a fanbase. She wrote her own blog posts, left comments on her fans' accounts and personally respond to the messages that were sent to her.[63] This was, at the time, "revolutionary in country music".[64][57] Borchetta has said that his decision to sign a sixteen year old singer-songwriter initially raised eyebrows among his record industry peers[57] but Swift tapped into a previously unknown market: teenage girls who listen to country music.[1][57]
Following "Tim McGraw", four further singles were released throughout 2007 and 2008: "Teardrops on My Guitar", "Our Song", "Picture to Burn" and "Should've Said No". All were highly successful on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart, with "Our Song" and "Should've Said No" both reaching number one. "Our Song" made Swift the youngest sole writer and singer of a number one country song.[65] "Teardrops on My Guitar" became a minor pop hit; it reached number thirteen on the Billboard Hot 100.[66][67] The album sold 39,000 copies during its first week[68] and, as of March 2011, has sold over 5.5 million copies worldwide.[69] Swift also released a holiday album, Sounds of the Season: The Taylor Swift Holiday Collection, in October 2007 and an EP, Beautiful Eyes, in July 2008.[70][71]
Swift toured extensively in support of Taylor Swift. In addition to festival and theater dates, Swift performed as an opening act for several country artists' concert tours. She opened for Rascal Flatts on several dates in late 2006.[59][72] In 2007, she served as the opening act on twenty dates for George Strait's 2007 United States tour,[73] several dates on Kenny Chesney's tour[74] and selected dates on Brad Paisley's Bonfires & Amplifiers Tour.[75][76] Also in 2007, Swift appeared as the opening act on several dates for Tim McGraw and Faith Hill's joint Soul2Soul II Tour.[77] Swift again opened for Flatts for their Still Feels Good Tour in 2008.[78] In addition to performing her own material, Swift played covers of songs by Beyoncé and Rihanna.[79] She conducted meet-and-greet sessions with fans before and after her concerts; these lasted for up to four hours.[80][81]
In 2007, Swift and Alan Jackson were jointly named the Nashville Songwriters Association's "Songwriter/Artists of the Year". Swift was the youngest person ever to be honored with the title.[82] She also won the Country Music Association’s Horizon Award for Best New Artist.[83] In 2008, she won Top New Female Vocalist at the Academy of Country Music Awards[84] and Favorite Country Female Artist at the American Music Awards.[85] She won seven BMI Awards for songs featured on Taylor Swift.[86] Swift was also nominated for a 2008 Grammy Award in the category of Best New Artist, but lost to Amy Winehouse.[87]
[edit] 2008–10: Fearless release, MTV VMA incident and media backlash
Swift's second studio album, Fearless, was released in November 2008.[88] She wrote seven of the album's songs alone, including two singles, and co-wrote the remaining six with songwriters Liz Rose, John Rich, Colbie Caillat and Hillary Lindsey.[49] While Swift wrote many of the songs on tour, she made a conscious effort not to include "road songs": "As a 16-year-old girl, I could never relate to those songs about playing a different city every night. I want to write about feelings and love and the lack of love".[89] She has said that the album title "means you’re afraid of a lot of things, but you jump anyway".[90] She co-produced the album with Nathan Chapman.[49] Musically, the record is characterized by "loud, lean guitars and rousing choruses", with the occasional "bit of fiddle and banjo tucked into the mix".[91]
Fearless received generally positive reviews from music critics.[92] The New York Times described Swift as "one of pop's finest songwriters, country’s foremost pragmatist and more in touch with her inner life than most adults".[93] The Village Voice felt she displayed "preternatural wisdom and inclusiveness", "masterfully avoiding the typical diarist's pitfalls of trite banality and pseudo-profound bullshit".[94] Rolling Stone described her as "a songwriting savant with an intuitive gift for verse-chorus-bridge architecture" whose "squirmingly intimate and true" songs seemed to be "literally ripped from a suburban girl's diary".[95] USA Today found it "a pleasure to hear a gifted teenager who sounds like a gifted teenager, rather than a mouthpiece for a bunch of older pros' collective notion of adolescent yearning."[96] The New Yorker described it as an album "without a bad track", adding that "the album’s finest effort, "Fifteen", will feature in yearbook quotes for years".[97] Entertainment Weekly noted that the album would appeal mainly to young girls – "she sounds like a real teen, not some manufactured vixen-Lolita" – but predicted it would be "exciting to watch her precocious talent grow".[98] Music critic Robert Christgau described Swift as "an uncommonly-to-impossibly strong and gifted teenage girl".[99]
Swift promoted Fearless heavily upon its release. An episode of The Ellen DeGeneres Show was dedicated to the album launch[57] and Swift appeared on many other chat shows.[100] She communicated with fans using social media platforms such as twitter and personal video blogs.[57] In October 2008, she appeared at the CMT Giants: Alan Jackson event, performing a cover of Jackson's "Drive (For Daddy Gene)".[101] In November 2008, Swift took part in a joint, televised concert with rock band Def Leppard in Nashville.[102][103] She performed her song "Fifteen" with Miley Cyrus at the 51st Grammy Awards in February 2009.[104] In April 2009, she performed a cover of George Strait's "Run" at a televised ACM event honoring Strait as Artist of the Decade.[105] Swift hosted and appeared as the musical guest on Saturday Night Live in November 2009.[106] The lead single from the album, "Love Story", was released in September 2008 and became the second best-selling country single of all time, peaking at number four on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.[67][107] Four more singles were released throughout 2008 and 2009: "White Horse", "You Belong with Me", "Fifteen" and "Fearless". "You Belong with Me" was the album's highest-charting single, peaking at number two on the Billboard Hot 100.[108] The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 Album Chart with sales of 592,304 and has since sold over 8.6 million copies worldwide.[109][110] It was the top-selling album of 2009 and brought Swift much crossover success.[111]
Swift carried out her first headlining tour from April 2009 to June 2010. As part of the 105-date Fearless Tour, Swift played 90 dates in North America, six dates in Europe, eight dates in Australia and one date in Asia.[112] The stage show included multiple costume changes, dancers and a fairy-tale castle set.[113] She sang a cover of Justin Timberlake's "What Goes Around... Comes Around" nightly, intertwined with her own "You're Not Sorry".[114] Swift invited John Mayer, Faith Hill and Katy Perry to perform one-off duets with her at various dates during the North American tour.[115][116][117] Justin Bieber, Kelly Pickler and Gloriana were the support acts.[118] The tour was attended by more than 1.1 million fans and has grossed over $63 million.[119] Taylor Swift: Journey to Fearless, a concert film, was aired on television and later released on DVD and Blu-ray.[120] Also in 2009, Swift performed as a supporting act for Keith Urban.[121]
File:Kanye-West-grabs-the-mic-2009-vma.jpg
Kanye West taking the microphone from Swift at the MTV Video Music Awards in 2009
In September 2009, Swift became the first country music artist to win an MTV Video Music Award when "You Belong with Me" was named Best Female Video.[122] Her acceptance speech was interrupted by rapper Kanye West, who had been involved in a number of other award show incidents.[123] West declared Beyoncé's video for "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)", nominated in the same category, to be "one of the best videos of all time." Many audience members booed West,[124][125] prompting him to flip off the crowd.[126][124] He then handed the microphone back to a speechless Swift.[124][127] Backstage, Swift was seen "hysterically crying".[124] According to Rolling Stone, when Swift's mother confronted West, he gave "a half-hearted apology in which he added he still thought Beyoncé's video was superior".[128] West was removed from the event.[124][126][129] When Beyoncé later won the award for Video of the Year, she invited Swift onstage to finish her speech.[124][130] In the event's press room, Swift, who in 2008 had expressed a desire to sing a hook on a Kanye West rap song,[131] was asked if she had "any hard feelings" towards West: "I don’t know him, and I’ve never met him, so... I don’t want to start anything because I had a great night tonight."[128][132]
The incident received much media attention and inspired many Internet memes.[133] President Barack Obama, in an "off the record" comment, called West a "jackass".[134] Former US President Jimmy Carter said West's interruption was "completely uncalled for".[135] West's behavior was criticized by celebrities, including Eminem, Snoop Dogg and Lady Gaga.[126][136][137][128] The following day, West apologized for his verbal outburst both in a blog entry and during an appearance on The Jay Leno Show.[124][125] He maintained that, while Swift was "very talented", "Beyoncé's video was the best of this decade!!!! ... I gave my awards to Outkast when they deserved it over me ... I'm not crazy y'all, I'm just real."[138] Two days after the VMAs, Swift told an interviewer that West had not spoken to her since the ceremony.[139] West then contacted her to offer a personal apology, which Swift accepted: "Kanye did call me, and he was very sincere in his apology."[122][139] It has been said that the incident and subsequent media attention turned Swift into "a bona-fide mainstream celebrity".[140]
Swift released a cover of Tom Petty's "American Girl", exclusively through Rhapsody in June 2009[141] and continues to make her stage entrance to Petty's recording of the song.[142] Swift contributed backing vocals to John Mayer's "Half of My Heart", featured on his fourth album, in November 2009.[143] Mayer wrote the song as a tribute to Tom Petty and Fleetwood Mac: "I thought, 'Well, if this is going to be my love letter to that style of music, who's going to be the Stevie Nicks in this equation?' And I thought, 'This Taylor Swift girl is going to be around for a long time."[144] The song received positive reviews from music critics.[145][146][147] Swift and Mayer performed the song live at Madison Square Garden, New York in December 2009.[148] It was released as the album's third single in June 2010 and peaked at number 25 on the Billboard Hot 100.[149] Swift collaborated with a number of other artists in 2008 and 2009. She co-wrote and recorded "Best Days of Your Life" with Kelly Pickler.[150] She co-wrote two songs for the Hannah Montana: The Movie soundtrack – "You'll Always Find Your Way Back Home" and "Crazier" – with Martin Johnson and Robert Ellis Orrall, respectively.[151] Swift also provided vocals for Boys Like Girls's "Two Is Better Than One", written by Martin Johnson.[152][153][154][155] In January 2010, Swift contributed two songs – including "Today Was a Fairytale" – to the Valentine's Day soundtrack[156] and recorded a cover of Better Than Ezra's "Breathless" for the Hope for Haiti Now album.[157]
In November 2009, Swift became the youngest ever artist, and one of only six women, to be named Entertainer of the Year by the Country Music Association.[158] Fearless also won the Association's Album of the Year award.[158] The album won many other accolades and has become the most awarded album in country music history.[159] Swift was the youngest ever artist to win the Academy of Country Music's Album of the Year honor.[160] The American Music Awards honored Swift with Artist of the Year and Favorite Country Album plaudits.[161] She was awarded the Hal David Starlight Award by the Songwriters Hall of Fame[162] and was named Songwriter/Artists of the Year by the Nashville Songwriters Association.[163] She won four BMI Awards.[164] Billboard named her 2009's Artist of the Year.[165] Swift was included in Time's annual list of the 100 Most Influential People in 2010.[166]
In January 2010, Swift won four Grammy Awards for Album of the Year, Best Country Album, Best Female Country Vocal Performance and Best Country Song, from a total of eight nominations.[167][168] She was the youngest ever artist to win Album of the Year.[169] During the ceremony, Swift sang "Rhiannon" and "You Belong with Me" with Stevie Nicks. Her vocal performance received negative reviews and sparked a widespread media backlash.[140][170] Her vocals were described variously as "badly off-key", "strikingly bad" and "incredibly wretched".[171][172] While The New York Times found it "refreshing to see someone so gifted make the occasional flub" and described Swift as "the most important new pop star of the past few years",[169] music critic Bob Lefsetz predicted that her career would end "overnight".[173][174] In April 2010, Stevie Nicks, writing in Time, defended the singer: "Taylor reminds me of myself in her determination and her childlike nature. It's an innocence that's so special and so rare. This girl writes the songs that make the whole world sing, like Neil Diamond or Elton John ... The female rock-'n'-roll-country-pop songwriter is back, and her name is Taylor Swift. And it's women like her who are going to save the music business."[166]
[edit] 2010–12: Speak Now release, 13-month world tour and collaborations
Swift released her third studio album, Speak Now, in October 2010.[175] She wrote all twelve songs alone: "I'd get my best ideas at 3 a.m. in Arkansas and I didn't have a co-writer around."[176] Album recording sessions took place in California, Tennessee and Kentucky over a two year period.[177][178] Swift, who co-produced the record with longtime collaborator Nathan Chapman,[179] has described it as "a collection of confessions—things I wish I had said when I was in the moment".[180] She originally intended to call the album Enchanted but Scott Borchetta, her record label's CEO, felt the title did not reflect the album's more adult themes: "She had played me a bunch of the new songs. I looked at her and I'm like, 'Taylor, this record isn't about fairy tales and high school anymore. That's not where you're at'".[181] Musically, it has been said that the album "expands beyond country-pop to border both alternative rock and dirty bubblegum pop".[182]
Speak Now received generally positive reviews from music critics.[183] USA Today felt that Swift's songwriting skills would remind listeners "what all the fuss was about in the first place", with the album capturing "the sweet ache of becoming an adult".[184] The Los Angeles Times praised her ability as a songwriter to "hit on common experiences that feel unique".[182] The New York Times described the album as savage, musically diverse and "excellent too, possibly her best".[179] The Village Voice found that the album demanded "a true appreciation of Swift's talent, which is not confessional, but dramatic: Like a procession of country songwriters before her, she creates characters and situations—some from life—and finds potent ways to describe them."[185] Entertainment Weekly noted that while love may confound her, "the art of expert songcraft clearly doesn't".[186] Music critic John Christgau found the album's songs "overlong and overworked" but remarked that "they evince an effort that bears a remarkable resemblance to care—that is, to caring in the best, broadest, and most emotional sense".[99] Rolling Stone described Swift as one of the best songwriters in "pop, rock or country": "Swift might be a clever Nashville pro who knows all the hitmaking tricks, but she's also a high-strung, hyper-romantic gal with a melodramatic streak the size of the Atchafalaya Swamp".[187]
Swift carried out an extensive promotional campaign prior to Speak Now's release.[188] She appeared on various talk shows and morning shows, and gave free mini-concerts in unusual locations, including an open-decker bus on Hollywood Boulevard and a departure lounge at JFK airport.[189][190] She took part in a "guitar pull" alongside Kris Kristofferson, Emmylou Harris, Vince Gill and Lionel Ritchie at LA's Club Nokia; the musicians shared the stage and took turns introducing and playing acoutic versions of their songs to raise money for the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum.[191][192] The album's lead single, "Mine", was released in August 2010 and five further singles were released throughout 2010 and 2011: "Back to December", "Mean", "The Story of Us", "Sparks Fly" and "Ours".[193] Speak Now was a major commercial success, debuting at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart. Its sales of 1,047,000 copies made it the sixteenth album in United States history to sell one million copies in a single week.[194] As of February 2012, Speak Now has sold over four million copies in the US[195] and over 5.7 million copies worldwide.[196][197] In her career, as of May 2012, Swift has sold over 22 million albums[198] and 50 million digital tracks worldwide.[199]
In September 2010, Kanye West's 2009 VMA interruption once again became newsworthy when West used his twitter account to apologize to Swift, referring to her as "just a lil girl with dreams like the rest of us": ""I wrote a song for Taylor Swift that's so beautiful and I want her to have it. If she won't take it then I'll perform it for her." Later that month, both artists performed at the 2010 VMAs. Swift sang "Innocent", a song widely believed to be about West, which The Washington Post has described as "a small masterpiece of passive aggressiveness, a vivisection dressed up as a peace offering".[200] Music critics found Swift's performance overly serious and "petty".[201][202] Speaking in November 2010, West said he failed to see what was "so arrogant about that moment" and described his actions as "selfless". He added that "if it was the other way around" and Swift were an established artist who had "made the video of her career, do you think she would have lost to a brand new artist? Hell no!"[203][204] Also that month, he claimed that, "If I wasn't drunk, I would have been on stage longer ... Taylor never came to my defense at any interview. And rode the waves and rode it and rode it".[205][206] At the Costume Institute Gala in May 2011, Swift and West came face-to-face on the red carpet. West was observed to hold "a hand out, and the two exchanged a studiedly casual, “down low” high five".[1]
Swift toured throughout 2011 and early 2012 in support of Speak Now. As part of the thirteen-month, 111-date world tour, Swift played seven shows in Asia, twelve shows in Europe, 80 shows in North America and twelve shows in Australasia.[207] Three dates on the US tour were rescheduled after Swift fell ill with bronchitis.[208] The stage show was inspired by Broadway musical theatre, with choreographed routines, elaborate set-pieces, pyrotechnics and numerous costume changes.[209][210] Swift invited many musicians to join her for one-off duets during the North American tour. Appearances were made by James Taylor, Jason Mraz, Shawn Colvin, Johnny Rzeznik, Andy Grammer, Tal Bachman, Justin Bieber, Selena Gomez, Nicki Minaj, Nelly, B.o.B., Usher, Flo Rida, T.I., Jon Foreman, Jim Adkins, Hayley Williams, Hot Chelle Rae, Ronnie Dunn, Darius Rucker, Tim McGraw and Kenny Chesney.[211][212] The tour was attended by over 1.6 million fans and has grossed over $123 million, becoming one of the highest-grossing concert tours of all time.[207] Swift's first live album, Speak Now World Tour: Live, featuring all seventeen performances from the North American leg of the tour, was released in November 2011.[213]
During the North American and Australasian tour legs, Swift wrote different song lyrics on her left arm for each performance. She has said that the lyrics should be viewed as a nightly "mood ring"[214] and The New Yorker has cited the practice as an example of Swift's "keen understanding of what fuels fan obsession in the first place: a desire for intimacy between singer and listener".[1] Artists quoted include Tom Petty, Carole King, Neil Young, Bruce Springsteen, Elton John, Joni Mitchell, Ryan Adams, Patty Griffin, Band of Horses, Jimmy Eat World, Death Cab For Cutie, Alanis Morrissette, Rachael Yamagata, Erin McCarley, Mindy Smith and Martina McBride.[215][216] Swift also performed many acoustic cover versions during her North American tour. In each city, she paid tribute to a homegrown artist.[217] She has said the cover versions allowed her to be "spontaneous" in an otherwise well-rehearsed show: "You'll have a lot of people who will come to more than one show, and I want them to get a different experience every time."[218] Artists covered include Justin Timberlake, Tori Amos, TLC, Pink, Fall Out Boy, Dave Matthews Band, Michelle Branch, Jordin Sparks, Maroon 5, Train, John Mellencamp, Kim Carnes, Avril Lavigne, The Jackson 5, Carolyn Dawn Johnson, Gwen Stefani, All American Rejects, Britney Spears and Eminem.[219]
At the 54th Grammy Awards in February 2012, Swift's song "Mean" won Best Country Song and Best Country Solo Performance.[220] She also performed "Mean" during the ceremony. The song is believed to be a rebuttal to Bob Lefsetz, one of the most vocal critics of her 2010 Grammy performance.[174] Lefsetz had previously been a supporter of the singer's career,[221] and Swift and Lefsetz had corresponded occasionally by email and telephone.[174] Time felt she "delivered her comeback on-key and with a vengeance"[222] while USA Today remarked that the criticism in 2010 seemed to have "made her a better songwriter and live performer".[223]
Swift was named Songwriter/Artist of the Year by the Nashville Songwriters Association in both 2010 and 2011. During the 2011 ceremony, she played an acoustic version of "Where Were You (When the World Stopped Turning)" in honor of Alan Jackson, a Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame inductee,[224] who later thanked Swift in his speech for "the prettiest version I've ever heard".[225] Swift won various other awards for Speak Now. She was named Entertainer of the Year by the Academy of Country Music in both 2011 and 2012[226] and was named Entertainer of the Year by the Country Music Association in 2011.[227] Swift was the American Music Awards's Artist of the Year in 2011, and Speak Now was named Favorite Country Album.[228] She was also the recipient of two BMI Awards.[229] Billboard named Swift 2011's Woman of the Year.[230] Also that year, Billboard ranked her at number 15 in a list of the Top 20 Hot 100 Songwriters 2000–2011; she was the second highest ranking woman.[231] Swift was ranked second on Rolling Stone's list of the Top 16 "Queen Of Pops" of the decade.[232]
Swift contributed two original songs to The Hunger Games soundtrack album in March 2012. "Safe & Sound" was co-written and recorded with The Civil Wars and T-Bone Burnett.[233] John Paul White has said working with Swift was "a revelation. She had some great ideas. We had complete freedom. It truly was a collaboration. We brought the melancholy and the darker angle. Taylor was bringing the melody and the chords."[234] Rolling Stone described the song as "Swift's prettiest ballad" and wondered whether the alt-country folk song was "a one-off novelty, a trial balloon cred-move, or the stirrings of a "grown-up" style".[235] Swift and The Civil Wars debuted a live version of the song at the Ryman Auditorium, Nashville in January 2012.[236] It was released as the album's lead single and, as of April 2012, has sold 970,000 copies in the United States.[237] Swift's second contribution to the album, "Eyes Open", was written solely by the singer and produced by Nathan Chapman.[238] In May 2012, Swift contributed vocals to "Both of Us", a Dr. Luke-produced song on B.o.B's second album Strange Clouds.[239][240][241][242]
2012–present: Untitled fourth studio album[link]
Swift is currently working on her fourth album with producer Nathan Chapman.[243][244] It is scheduled for release in the fall of 2012.[245] Swift intends to keep writing and recording throughout 2012 "because I'm having so much fun".[246] After writing her third album alone, Swift is now collaborating with people "from all different places in music",[246] including songwriters Lori McKenna,[247][248] Butch Walker,[249][250] Ed Sheeran,[251] and Dan Wilson.[252] The album will detail "the rise and fall of a relationship",[253] as well as the resulting "absolute crash-and-burn heartbreak".[254] She has described the album's mood as "sad, if I'm being honest."[255]
Artistry[link]
Songwriting style[link]
Swift has said she writes songs as an "open letter".[256] She has said songwriting is "is a way of verbalizing those things that I feel that I can’t say".[47] Swift has said she is "very interested in any writing from a child's perspective" and has cited To Kill a Mockingbird as one of her favorite books.[257] Neil Young has described Swift as "a great writer" and follows her career.[258][259] Kris Kristofferson has said that "she blows me away. It's amazing to me that someone so young is writing such great songs. She's got a great career ahead of her".[260][261] Dolly Parton has said her songs are "great" and that she has "the qualities that could last a long time".[262] Stevie Nicks has said Swift writes "songs that make the whole world sing, like Neil Diamond or Elton John".[166]
Vocal abilities[link]
In studio recordings, the Los Angeles Times identifies Swift's "defining" vocal gesture as "the line that slides down like a contented sigh or up like a raised eyebrow, giving her beloved girl-time hits their air of easy intimacy".[182] In a review of Speak Now, The Village Voice noted that her phrasing was previously "bland and muddled, but that's changed. She can still sound strained and thin, and often strays into a pitch that drives some people crazy; but she's learned how to make words sound like what they mean".[185] Slate, reviewing Speak Now, described Swift as "a technically poor singer": "Though she does vary her phrasing in ways that attempt to mask her limited voice (the way she sneers, "She looks at me like I'm a trend/And she's so over it," on "Better Than Revenge" is especially effective), Swift is still noticeably off-pitch at least once on every song on the album".[263]
In an interview with The New Yorker, Swift characterized herself primarily as a songwriter: “I write songs, and my voice is just a way to get those lyrics across”.[1] "I'm not trying to go out there and do vocal acrobatics. I'm just trying to write good songs".[264] However, her vocal presence is something that concerns her and she has "put a lot of work" into improving it.[265] She has said that she only feels nervous performing "if I'm not sure what the audience thinks of me, like at award shows".[266]
Public image[link]
Swift has been described as "America's sweetheart" and "a role model".[267][268] The singer considers it her "responsibility" to be conscious of her influence on young fans.[269] However, she insists that "I don't live by all these rigid, weird rules that make me feel all fenced in. I just like the way that I feel like, and that makes me feel very free".[270] Swift does not drink alcohol because she worries that "I might come off in a way that I can't control. Maybe I should just lighten up!" "It's not like I judge people who [drink] or that I don't hang out with people who drink".[270] She refuses to take part in overly sexualised photo-shoots.[9] The lyrical content of her songs is regarded as appropriate for young audiences. A New Yorker journalist who attended a Swift concert recounted watching "sixteen-year-old girls holding hands and swaying, and a girl in a hijab sobbing as she sang the words. It was hard not to be a little moved, and not to feel relieved that the words being sung were, more or less, safe ... One can attend a concert by Katy Perry and listen to a stadium full of thirteen-year-olds chant along with the song “Peacock” which goes, “I want to see your peacock-cock-cock! Your peacock-cock!"[1]
A Rolling Stone journalist who profiled Swift in 2009 remarked upon her polite manners: "If this is Swift's game face, it must be tattooed on because it never drops".[271] A 2012 Vogue cover story described Swift as "clever and funny and occasionally downright bawdy" in person, but noted that she "asks if her cursing can be off the record".[272] Grantland.com describes Swift as "talkative and openly neurotic in a way you'd never see from a blonde country princess like Faith Hill or Carrie Underwood. She is more like Diane Keaton in Annie Hall: overly gracious and eager to please but full of a nonstop, nervous, fluttering energy".[273]
There has been much media commentary about Swift's reactions when she is recognized at award ceremonies.[274] In 2011, The Hollywood Reporter remarked that she "seems to be consistently shocked and wonderstruck by each awards win, despite racking up an ever-growing collection of Grammys, CMAs, MTV Moonmen and AMAs".[275] Kristen Wiig parodied Swift's surprised facial expressions during a Saturday Night Live sketch in February 2012.[276] Swift later said she had seen the sketch: “I was laughing the entire time and then I realized that, as I was watching it, I was making the face she was making”.[277] At the Academy of Country Music Awards in April 2012, the ceremony's host Blake Shelton joked in his opening monologue that Swift should release a perfume called "I can't believe I smell this good". When Swift later presented Shelton with the Academy's Best Male Vocalist award, "the two faced off, showing each other their ultra-surprised looks".[278][279]
Feminist discussion[link]
The merits of Swift as a feminist have been widely discussed.[280] She has been described by Jezebel as "a feminist's nightmare": "Her image of being good and pure plays right into how much the patriarchy fetishizes virginity, loves purity, and celebrates women who know their place as delicate flowers".[281] However, a Village Voice music critic dismissed this criticism as "shallow and gross, in that special way that things get gross when you cram shaded and living work through an ideological sieve like you're mechanically separating chicken".[282] He continued: "Criticisms include: She's a conformist stooge of the patriarchy (she's now had two hits about defying fathers); she idolizes chastity (she's coy about sex, but only the willful could miss the fucking in the new "Sparks Fly," which includes the line "Gimme something that'll haunt me when you're not around"); and she sells girls corrupt and shallow fairy-tale notions of romance (one of the two fairy-tale songs on Fearless mocked a guy for trying to white-knight her, and the only mention of such things on Speak Now is "I had the time of my life fighting dragons with you"—note the tense)."[282]
The song Fifteen has been the subject of particular scrutiny. It has been said that the song contains a "feminist message" in the lyrics "Back then I swore I was gonna marry him some day, but I realized some bigger dreams of mine” and "In your life you'll do things greater than dating the boy on the football team".[283] Feminist critics claim the use of the word "everything" in the lyric "Abigail gave everything she had to a boy, who changed his mind, and we both cried" is a reference to virginity: "Songs like "Fifteen" dig up the ancient Puritan ideal that girls can only access power by confidently and heterosexually denying access to their pants."[284] However, others interpret "everything" as trust: "Abigail trusted and opened up to a boy for the first time, only to be let down. Maybe that includes sex, maybe it doesn’t."[283]
When asked by The New York Times in 2010 whether she considered herself a feminist, Swift replied, "I have never really thought about that".[285] In December 2011, Billboard's Tom Roland asked Swift whether the marginalization of women in country music, prevalent in the 1950s, was still an issue: "I was fortunate enough to come about in a time when I didn't feel that kind of energy at all, and it was always my theory that if you want to play in the same ballgame as the boys, you've got to work as hard as them. I was always playing just as many shows as they were and playing on the same shows as they were. I was willing to pay my dues as an opening act, playing in clubs and bars and playing in tiny venues. The new male artists were doing the same thing, so I never saw an issue there."[286]
Philanthropy[link]
Arts education[link]
In September 2010, Swift donated $75,000 to Nashville's Hendersonville High School to help refurbish the school auditorium's sound and lighting systems.[287] In May 2012, she pledged $4 million to fund a new education center at the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum in Nashville. The two-storey, 7,500-square foot space will have its own exterior entrance and museum officials have decided to name it The Taylor Swift Education Center.[288] It will feature three classrooms and a children's exhibit gallery, and will house interactive activities such as a musical petting zoo and a “wet” classroom space to make concert posters and other art projects. New programs and workshops for teenagers and senior citizens will also be accommodated within the space. The Center is scheduled to open in early 2014 and Swift will be involved in an advisory capacity.[289]
Children's literacy[link]
In December 2009, Swift donated $250,000 to various schools around the country that she had either attended or had other associations with. The money was used to buy books, fund educational programs and pay teachers' salaries.[290] In October 2010, she took part in a live webcast, Read Now! with Taylor Swift, broadcast exclusively in US schools to celebrate Scholastic's Read Every Day campaign.[291][292] In October 2011, Swift donated 6,000 Scholastic books to Reading Public Library, Pennsylvania[293] and, in February 2012, she donated 14,000 books to Nashville Public Library, Tennessee.[294] Most of the books were placed in circulation; the rest were gifted to children from low-income families, preschools and daycare centers.[294] In March 2012, she co-chaired the National Education Association's Read Across America campaign and recorded a PSA encouraging children to read.[295][296]
Natural disaster funds[link]
In June 2008, Swift donated all the proceeds from her merchandise sales at the 2008 Country Music Festival to the Red Cross's disaster relief fund.[297] Swift donated $100,000 to the Red Cross in Cedar Rapids, Iowa to help the victims of the Iowa flood of 2008.[298] Swift lent her support to the Victorian Bushfire Appeal by joining the lineup at Sydney's Sound Relief concert,[299] reportedly making the biggest contribution of any artist playing at Sound Relief to the Australian Red Cross.[300]
In response to the May 2010 Tennessee floods, Swift donated $500,000 during a flood relief telethon hosted by WSMV, a Nashville television station.[301] In August 2010, she donated $100,000 to help rebuild a playground in Hendersonville, Tennessee, which was damaged by floodwater.[302] In May 2011, Swift transformed what was to have been the final dress rehearsal for the North American leg of her Speak Now tour into a benefit concert for victims of recent tornadoes in the United States southeast region, raising more than $750,000 from proceeds from ticket sales, merchandise and other facets of the show.[303] The benefit concert for tornado relief was subsequently honored at the 2011 Do Something Awards.[304] In July 2011, Swift further aided the cause by donating $250,000 to Alabama football coach Nick Saban's charity Nick's Kids to aid in the tornado relief efforts of West Alabama.[305] In April 2012, Swift donated $1,500 to a fund to help a man left permanently paralyzed by the tornado to make his house wheelchair-accessible.[306]
Other charitable endeavors[link]
In September 2007, Swift helped launch a campaign to protect children from online predators, in partnership with the Tennessee Association of Chiefs of Police.[307] In January 2008, Swift donated a pink Chevy pick-up truck given to her by her record label to the Victory Junction Gang Camp.[308] Swift has teamed up with Sound Matters to make listeners aware of listening "responsibly".[309] Swift supports @15, a teen-led social change platform underwritten by Best Buy to give teens opportunities to direct the company's philanthropy through the newly-created @15 Fund.[310] She appeared in a Got Milk campaign in July 2010.[311]
Swift donated her prom dress, which raised $1,200 for charity, to DonateMyDress.org.[312] In November 2009, after a live performance on BBC's Children in Need night, she donated $20,000 to the cause.[313] Swift donated a pair of her shoes to the Wish Upon a Hero Foundation's Hero in Heels fundraiser for auction to raise money to benefit women with cancer. In June 2011, as the Academy of Country Music's Entertainer of the Year, Swift donated $25,000 to St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Tennessee. This figure was matched by the Academy.[314]
Other work[link]
Acting[link]
Swift made her acting debut in a 2009 episode of CBS's CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, playing a rebellious teenager.[315] The New York Times noted that the character allowed Swift to be "a little bit naughty, and credibly so".[316] Rolling Stone felt she "held her own" and "does a good job with the script"[317] while the Chicago Tribune said she "acquits herself well".[318] Later that year, Swift both hosted and performed as the musical guest for an episode of Saturday Night Live.[319] Entertainment Weekly described her as "this season’s best Saturday Night Live host so far", noting that she "was always up for the challenge, seemed to be having fun, and helped the rest of the cast nail the punchlines". Proving "admirably resilient in a wide variety of sketch roles", "Swift inspired more of a female, girly-in-the-best-sense sensibility in SNL than it’s shown since the Tina Fey-Amy Poehler days".[320]
In 2010, Swift made her feature film acting debut in the romantic comedy Valentine's Day and won the Teen Choice Award for Movie Female Breakout.[321] In 2012, she voiced the character of Audrey in the animated film The Lorax.[322] Swift is in talks to star as Joni Mitchell in the film adaptation of Sheila Weller's Girls Like Us, which follows the careers of Mitchell, Carly Simon and Carole King.[323]
Product endorsements[link]
Jakks Pacific released a celebrity doll of Swift in late 2008.[324] Swift was the face of L.E.I. jeans in 2008.[325] In 2007, Swift launched a line of sundresses at Wal-Mart.[326][327] In 2009, Swift became the National Hockey League's newest celebrity spokesperson and appears in commercials for the Nashville Predators.[328] In 2011, Swift partnered with Elizabeth Arden to launch a fragrance, "Wonderstruck".[329] Swift works with American Greetings, Inc.[330] She also has endorsement deals with companies including Target, CoverGirl and Sony.[331]
In May 2009, Swift filed a lawsuit (kept sealed until August 2010) against numerous sellers of unauthorized counterfeit merchandise bearing her name, likeness, and trademarks, where she demanded a trial by jury, sought a judgement for compensatory damages, punitive damages, three times the actual damages sustained, and statutory damages, and sought for recovery of her attorney's fees and prejudgement interest.[332] Nashville's U.S. District Court granted an injunction and judgment against the sellers, who had been identified at Swift's concerts in several states. The court ordered merchandise seized from the defendants to be destroyed.[333][334][335]
Personal life[link]
Swift's main residence is a duplex penthouse in Midtown Nashville, Tennessee.[336][1] She also owns a house in Beverly Hills, California.[337][338] According to Forbes, Swift earned $18 million in 2009,[339] $45 million in 2010,[340] $45 million in 2011[341] and $57 million so far in 2012.[342]
Relationships[link]
Swift writes autobiographical songs and has said that, "I've never been shy or secretive with the fact that if you walk into my life, you may be walking onto a record".[343] Listening to music as a child, Swift felt confused "when I knew something was going on in someone’s personal life and they didn’t address it in their music".[344]
Swift dated singer Joe Jonas from July to October 2008.[345][346] She dated actor Taylor Lautner from October to December 2009.[347][348] She was romantically linked to musician John Mayer from late 2009 until June 2010.[349][350] They first met in 2008 and recorded a duet, "Half of My Heart", in late 2009.[351][352] Swift dated actor Jake Gyllenhaal from October 2010 to December 2010.[353][354][355][356][357] On December 9, 2011, Gyllenhaal called the LAPD for assistance, after a large number of photographers followed the couple's car in Los Angeles.[358] Following their break-up, they were seen together in January and February 2011.[359][360]
Politics[link]
On her eighteenth birthday, "the first thing" Swift did was register to vote.[361][362] After casting her vote in the 2008 US presidential election, Swift declined to inform journalists which candidate she had supported.[363] However, following Barack Obama's inauguration, she told Rolling Stone: "I've never seen this country so happy about a political decision in my entire time of being alive. I'm so glad this was my first election."[364] In 2009, after Swift's MTV VMA acceptance speech was interrupted by Kanye West, President Obama described West's behaviour as "really inappropriate. The young lady seems like a perfectly nice person. She’s getting her award. What is he doing up there? He’s a jackass."[365] Former US President Jimmy Carter said West's interruption was "completely uncalled for".[366]
In 2010, former U.S. President George H. W. Bush attended the taping of a Swift television special in Kennebunkport, Maine,[367] and later described Swift as "unspoiled" and "very nice".[368] In 2012, Swift was presented with a Kids' Choice Award in recognition of her charitable work by Michelle Obama, who praised her as someone who "has rocketed to the top of the music industry but still keeps her feet on the ground, someone who has shattered every expectation of what a 22-year old can accomplish".[369] Swift later described the First Lady as "a role model".[370]
Swift is an admirer of the Kennedy family and has spent time with Rory, Caroline and, particularly, Ethel Kennedy.[371] When asked about her friendship with Swift, Ethel replied, "Oh, she is amazing! Such good company."[372] Rory has said, "There is a mutual admiration society between my mother and Taylor Swift and I just love it! I think it says so much about Taylor – she has that ability to connect and cross generations ... She's terrific and such a great role model for young girls, as well as for all women, really. ... She's just so curious and interested".[372] In January 2012, Swift travelled to Utah to attend the Sundance premiere of the HBO documentary Ethel.[373]
In a 2012 interview, Swift remarked that she was "very cautious" about using her public profile to address political issues, adding that she hoped to "gradually" become more outspoken: "I don't feel that I am in a place to sing about politics or anything like that. I don't know enough at this point".[374]
Filmography[link]
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 | Jonas Brothers: The 3D Concert Experience | Herself | Cameo |
| 2009 | CSI: Crime Scene Investigation | Haley Jones | Episode: "Turn, Turn, Turn" |
| 2009 | Hannah Montana: The Movie | Herself | Cameo |
| 2009 | Saturday Night Live | Host | Also appeared as the Musical Guest |
| 2010 | Valentine's Day | Felicia | Movie acting debut |
| 2012 | Lorax, TheThe Lorax | Audrey | Voice only |
Discography[link]
Main article: Taylor Swift discography
- Taylor Swift (2006)
- Fearless (2008)
- Speak Now (2010)
- Untitled Fourth Studio Album (Fall 2012)
Tours[link]
- Fearless Tour (2009–10)
- Speak Now World Tour (2011–12)
Awards and nominations[link]
Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Taylor Swift
Swift has won 109 awards from a total of 162 nominations. She has been the recipient of ten American Music Awards, six Grammy Awards, seven Country Music Association Awards, six Academy of Country Music Awards and 13 BMI Awards.
References[link]
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- ^ a b "Taylor Swift's Feminist Tendancies". Thefeargirls.com. February 20, 2012. http://thefeargirls.com/2012/02/20/421/. Retrieved April 19, 2012.
- ^ "Why Taylor Swift Offends Little Monsters, Feminists, and Weirdos". Autostraddle.com. February 6, 2010. http://www.autostraddle.com/why-taylor-swift-offends-little-monsters-feminists-and-weirdos-31525/2/. Retrieved April 19, 2012.
- ^ Caramanica, Jon (October 20, 2010). "Taylor Swift Is Angry, Darn It". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/24/arts/music/24swift.html?pagewanted=all. Retrieved April 18, 2012.
- ^ Roland, Tom (December 10, 2011). "How Sparks Fly". Billboard 123 (45): 22. http://www.billboard.com/news/taylor-swift-billboard-s-woman-of-the-year-1005603662.story.
- ^ Associated Press (September 23, 2010). "Taylor Swift becomes namesake of Hendersonville High School auditorium". Blogs.tennessean.com. http://blogs.tennessean.com/tunein/2010/09/23/taylor-swift-becomes-namesake-of-hendersonville-high-school-auditorium/. Retrieved May 29, 2011.
- ^ "Superstar Taylor Swift pledges $4 million to fund new education center at the country music hall of fame and museum". May 12, 2012. http://countrymusichalloffame.org/recent-press-releases/view/1910. Retrieved May 12, 2012.
- ^ Associated Press (May 17, 2012). "Taylor Swift gives $4M to Country Music Hall of Fame & Museum for children’s education center". The Washington Post (Nashville, Tennessee). http://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/music/taylor-swift-gives-4m-to-country-music-hall-of-fame-and-museum-for-childrens-education-center/2012/05/17/gIQAJEWkVU_story.html. Retrieved May 29, 2012.
- ^ Sanz, Cynthia (December 14, 2009). "Taylor Swift Gives Big as She Turns 20 – Good Deeds, Taylor Swift". People.com. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20326948,00.html. Retrieved May 29, 2012.
- ^ "Read (and rock out!) with Taylor Swift!". Oomscholasticblog.com. October 27, 2010. http://oomscholasticblog.com/2010/10/read-and-rock-out-with-taylor-swift.html. Retrieved May 29, 2012.
- ^ "Scholastic Unveils Global Literacy Campaign". New York: Prnewswire.com. http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/scholastic-unveils-global-literacy-campaign-read-every-day-lead-a-better-life-105169059.html. Retrieved May 29, 2012.
- ^ "Taylor Swift donates 6,000 books to Reading Library". Readingeagle.com. October 14, 2011. http://readingeagle.com/article.aspx?id=339089. Retrieved May 29, 2012.
- ^ a b "Taylor Swift Donates 14,000 Books to Nashville Public Library". Tasteofcountry.com. Fenruary 2, 2012. http://tasteofcountry.com/taylor-swifts-donates-14000-books-nashville-public-library/. Retrieved May 29, 2012.
- ^ "Millions will join NEA’s Read Across America Day celebration on March 2". NEA. February 8, 2012. http://www.nea.org/home/50724.htm. Retrieved May 29, 2012.
- ^ "Nashville Artists Support National and Local Public Libraries". Musicrow.com. February 2, 2012. http://www.musicrow.com/2012/02/nashville-artists-support-national-and-local-public-libraries/. Retrieved May 29, 2012.
- ^ "Taylor Swift Gives Her Vote To Charity". Look to the Stars. June 4, 2009. http://www.looktothestars.org/news/863-taylor-swift-gives-her-vote-to-charity. Retrieved 2009-03-27.
- ^ "Taylor Swift donates $100,000 to victims of Iowa Flood". People. August 9, 2009. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20218079,00.html. Retrieved September 9, 2009.
- ^ Writer, Entertainment (March 8, 2009). "Kylie to play at Sound Relief with Coldplay, Midnight Oil". The Daily Telegraph. http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/kylie-leads-mega-star-mercy-mission/story-fna7dq6e-1111119064914. Retrieved December 30, 2009.
- ^ "New Taylor Swift". Tune Binder. March 14, 2009. http://www.tunebinder.com.au/2009/03/14/new-taylor-swift-love-story-live-at-sound-relief-sydney/. Retrieved March 15, 2009.
- ^ US Weekly staff (May 7, 2010). "Taylor Swift Donates $500K to Nashville Flood Victims". Us Weekly. http://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/taylor-swift-donates-500k-to-nashville-flood-victoms-201075. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
- ^ Hughes, Donna (August 27, 2010). "Taylor Swift Gives $100,000 to Help Hometown Kids". Theboot.com. http://www.theboot.com/2010/08/27/taylor-swift-hendersonville-playground-donation/. Retrieved May 29, 2012.
- ^ Lewis, Randy (May 23, 2011). "Taylor Swift benefit concert raises more than $750,000 for tornado victims". Los Angeles Times. http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/music_blog/2011/05/taylor-swift-benefit-tornado-nashville.html. Retrieved April 18, 2012.
- ^ "Taylor Swift's Rehearsal Concert Wins Award". CMT. August 19, 2011. http://www.cmt.com/news/news-in-brief/1669376/taylor-swifts-rehearsal-concert-wins-award.jhtml. Retrieved November 5, 2011.
- ^ Gould, Izzy; Bureau, Tuscaloosa (July 21, 2011). "Taylor Swift donates $250,000 to Nick's Kids for Alabama tornado relief". Alabama Local News (Alabama). http://www.al.com/sports/index.ssf/2011/07/taylor_swift_alabama_tornado_donation.html. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
- ^ Weaver, Teresa. "The silver lining". Habitat.org. http://www.habitat.org/stories_multimedia/need_for_decent_housing/Other_affils_Silver.aspx?print=true. Retrieved May 29, 2012.
- ^ "Taylor Swift Warns Kids About Internet Crime". Starpulse.com. 2007-09-21. http://www.starpulse.com/news/index.php/2007/09/21/taylor_swift_warns_kids_about_internet_c. Retrieved 2012-05-22.
- ^ Saunders (January 10, 2008). "Musicians Start The Year With Generosity". Looktothestars.org. http://www.looktothestars.org/news/500-musicians-start-the-year-with-generosity. Retrieved May 29, 2012.
- ^ "Sound Matters: Celebrity Profile-Taylor Swift". http://www.soundmatters.org/taylorswift.php. Retrieved 2009-02-08.
- ^ "Taylor Swift Lends Support to @15". Business Wire (Minneapolis: Bloomberg.com). February 9, 2009. http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=conewsstory&refer=conews&tkr=BBY:US&sid=aRLs7Adz0oc0. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
- ^ "Join Taylor Swift As A Got Milk Model". Looktothestars.org. July 2, 2010. http://www.looktothestars.org/news/4685-join-taylor-swift-as-a-got-milk-model. Retrieved May 29, 2012.
- ^ "Taylor Swift Donates Prom Dress". Look to the Stars. April 14, 2009. http://www.looktothestars.org/news/2353-taylor-swift-donates-prom-dress. Retrieved 2009-04-28.
- ^ Charlotte Spratt (November 20, 2009). "Children In Need: Taylor Swift donates £13,000, JLS perform and fans get Doctor Who sneak peek". Daily Mail (UK). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-1229635/Children-In-Need-Taylor-Swift-donates-13-000-JLS-perform-fans-Doctor-Who-sneak-peek.html. Retrieved 2009-12-30.
- ^ Tennessean Music Team (June 13, 2011). "Taylor Swift and ACM Lifting Lives present $50,000 donation to St. Jude". Tennessean.com. http://blogs.tennessean.com/tunein/2011/06/13/taylor-swift-and-acm-lifting-lives-present-50000-to-st-jude/. Retrieved May 29, 2012.
- ^ Joal Ryan (March 6, 2009). "Wild Card American Idol Holds Off Taylor Swift CSI". E! Online. http://www.eonline.com/uberblog/b103119_wild_card_american_idol_holds_off.html.
- ^ Caramanica, Jon (2009-03-06). "OMG! Taylor Swift Does 'CSI'! - NYTimes.com". Artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com. http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/03/06/omg-taylor-swift-does-csi/. Retrieved 2012-05-07.
- ^ By Daniel Kreps (2009-03-06). "Taylor Swift Hits the Small Screen as Murdered Teen on CSI | Music News". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/taylor-swift-hits-the-small-screen-as-murdered-teen-on-csi-20090306. Retrieved 2012-05-07.
- ^ "Taylor Swift appears in an engrossing 'CSI' investigation – The Watcher". Featuresblogs.chicagotribune.com. 2009-03-04. http://featuresblogs.chicagotribune.com/entertainment_tv/2009/03/csi-taylor-swift.html. Retrieved 2012-05-07.
- ^ "Clips from the November 7, 2009 episode of ''Saturday Night Live'' at". Nbc.com. December 18, 2010. http://www.nbc.com/saturday-night-live/video/clips/taylor-swift-monologue/1173589/. Retrieved 2011-01-15.
- ^ Barrett, Annie (2009-11-08). "Taylor Swift hosted the best 'Saturday Night Live' of the season so far... really!?! | Ken Tucker's TV | EW.com". Watching-tv.ew.com. http://watching-tv.ew.com/2009/11/08/taylor-swift-saturday-night-live/. Retrieved 2012-05-07.
- ^ "Winners of ‘Teen Choice 2010‘ Awards Announced; Teens Cast More Than 85 Million Votes". http://tvbythenumbers.com/2010/08/08/winners-of-teen-choice-2010-awards-announced-teens-cast-more-than-85-million-votes/59453?utm_campaign=WP-TWITTER&utm_medium=twitter&utm_source=twitter.
- ^ Labrecque, Jeff (March 17, 2011). "Taylor Swift joins Universal's 'The Lorax'". Entertainment Weekly (Time Inc). http://insidemovies.ew.com/2011/03/17/taylor-swift-lorax/. Retrieved 2011-03-17.
- ^ Sneider, Jeff (2012-04-20). "Taylor Swift in tune with Joni Mitchell role – Entertainment News, EXCLUSIVE, Media". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118052905. Retrieved 2012-05-07.
- ^ Serpe, Gina (October 29, 2008). "Taylor Swift Gets All Dolled Up". E! Online. http://www.eonline.com/uberblog/b66141_taylor_swift_gets_all_dolled_up.html. Retrieved September 20, 2010.
- ^ "L.e.i". Leijeans.com. http://www.leijeans.com/. Retrieved 2009-09-20.
- ^ "Taylor Swift heads to CBS Early Show Saturday, announces deal with clothing line". Countrystandardtime.com. October 23, 2007. http://www.countrystandardtime.com/news/newsitem.asp?xid=1708. Retrieved 2009-09-20.
- ^ "Taylor Swift’s New Gig: Designer!". Celebtv.com. January 30, 2009. http://www.celebtv.com/taylor-swifts-gig-designer. Retrieved September 20, 2010.
- ^ RSS feed (February 3, 2009). "Taylor Swift: NHL's New Spokesperson". NHL FanHouse. http://nhl.fanhouse.com/2009/02/03/taylor-swift-is-the-newest-nhl-celebrity-spokesperson/. Retrieved September 20, 2010.
- ^ "Taylor Launches Wonderstruck". TaylorSwift.com. http://www.taylorswift.com/news/o1287965052241?month=july&year=2011#57124. Retrieved July 17, 2011.
- ^ "Taylor Swift: Cards & Ecards Featuring Taylor Swift's Music". American Greetings. http://www.americangreetings.com/taylorswift. Retrieved October 11, 2011.
- ^ Jackson, Gunner (January 30, 2012). "Taylor Swift Listed on Billboard Power 100 List As One of The Most Powerful". 929thebull.com. http://929thebull.com/taylor-swift-listed-on-billboard-power-100-list-as-one-of-the-most-powerful/. Retrieved April 17, 2012.
- ^ "For the middle district of Tennessee in Nashville". Business.nashvillepost.com. May 18, 2009. http://business.nashvillepost.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/Swift_v_Matthews-USDC-18May2009-cplt.pdf. Retrieved May 29, 2012.
- ^ Wood, E. Thomas (October 6, 2010). "Secret Taylor Swift lawsuit made public". NashvillePost.com. http://www.nashvillepost.com/news/2010/10/6/secret_taylor_swift_lawsuit_made_public. Retrieved June 6, 2010.
- ^ Wood, E. Thomas (October 27, 2010). "Case closed for Taylor Swift". NashvillePost.com. http://business.nashvillepost.com/2010/10/27/case-closed-for-taylor-swift. Retrieved June 6, 2010.
- ^ "nashvillepost.com". Business.nashvillepost.com. July 8, 2011. http://business.nashvillepost.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/Swift_v_Matthews-USDC-27Sep2010-def_jdgmt.pdf. Retrieved July 17, 2011.
- ^ "A glimpse inside Taylor Swift’s swanky new Nashville penthouse". Shine.yahoo.com. 2010-02-05. http://shine.yahoo.com/haven/a-glimpse-inside-taylor-swifta-s-swanky-new-nashville-penthouse-581156.html. Retrieved 2012-04-10.
- ^ "Taylor Swift Buys Beverly Hills Home (PHOTOS) | REALTOR.com® Blogs". Realtor.com. http://www.realtor.com/blogs/2011/04/25/taylor-swift-buys-beverly-hills-home-photos/. Retrieved 2012-04-10.
- ^ Beale, Lauren (May 27, 2011). "Taylor Swift buys a Beverly Hills-area estate". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2011/may/27/home/la-hm-hotprop-taylor-swift-20110527.
- ^ "#69 Taylor Swift – The 2009 Celebrity 100". Forbes.com. June 3, 2009. http://www.forbes.com/lists/2009/53/celebrity-09_Taylor-Swift_2OIN.html. Retrieved 2011-07-17.
- ^ "The World's Most Powerful Celebrities". Forbes. June 28, 2010. http://www.forbes.com/2010/06/22/lady-gaga-oprah-winfrey-business-entertainment-celeb-100-10_land.html.
- ^ "Celebrity 100 2011". Forbes. May 16, 2011. http://www.forbes.com/wealth/celebrities/list.html. [dead link]
- ^ "Taylor Swift". Forbes. 2012-04-18. http://www.forbes.com/profile/taylor-swift/. Retrieved 2012-05-21.
- ^ Farley, Christopher John (October 22, 2010). "Taylor Swift's Solo Act". The Wall Street Journal (Nashville, Tenn). http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304510704575562401576663866.html. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
- ^ Caramanica, Jon (November 7, 2008). "My Music, MySpace, My Life". The New York Times (Chattanooga, Tennessee). http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/09/arts/music/09cara.html?pagewanted=all. Retrieved May 28, 2012.
- ^ Caplan, David (September 8, 2008). "Scoop". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20230694,00.html. Retrieved March 6, 2012.
- ^ Rizzo, Monica (November 24, 2008). "Scoop – Couples, Camilla Belle, Joe Jonas". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20245498,00.html. Retrieved March 6, 2012.
- ^ "Taylor & Taylor Romance Was Overblown, Says Source". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20333466,00.html. Retrieved March 6, 2012.
- ^ "Exclusive: Taylor Swift, Taylor Lautner Split!". US Magazine. http://www.usmagazine.com/celebritynews/news/taylor-swift-taylor-lautner-split-20092912. Retrieved 2010-11-12.
- ^ "Taylor Swift Sings Along with Keith Urban and John Mayer – in the Audience!". People. January 27, 2010. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20339714,00.html. Retrieved March 6, 2012.
- ^ Anderson, Danielle (September 8, 2010). "Round Up". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20408604,00.html. Retrieved March 6, 2012.
- ^ "Taylor Swift on Her 'Stalker' Moment with John Mayer". People. May 8, 2008. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20198607,00.html. Retrieved March 6, 2012.
- ^ Vena, Jocelyn (November 6, 2009). "John Mayer Talks Taylor Swift Collaboration 'Half Of My Heart'". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1625724/john-mayer-talks-taylor-swift-collaboration-half-my-heart.jhtml. Retrieved March 6, 2012.
- ^ Hammel, Sara (October 25, 2010). "Taylor Swift & Jake Gyllenhaal Share a 'Friendly' Brunch in Brooklyn". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20436748,00.html. Retrieved March 6, 2012.
- ^ "Taylor Swift, Jake Gyllenhaal Go Apple Picking". UsMagazine.com. October 26, 2010. http://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/taylor-swift-jake-gyllenhaal-go-apple-picking-20102610. Retrieved April 22, 2012.
- ^ "Scoop – Jake Gyllenhaal, Taylor Swift". People. November 15, 2010. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20441738,00.html. Retrieved April 22, 2012.
- ^ Bartolomeo, Joey (November 27, 2010). "Taylor Swift and Jake Gyllenhaal Dating". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20445496,00.html. Retrieved April 22, 2012.
- ^ Hammel, Sara (January 4, 2011). "Taylor Swift & Jake Gyllenhaal Break Up: Source". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20454920,00.html. Retrieved March 6, 2012.
- ^ "Gwyneth Paltrow Hosted Jake Gyllenhaal And Taylor Swift For Dinner: Report". Huffingtonpost.com. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/12/10/gwyneth-paltrow-hosted-jake-gyllenhaal-taylor-swift-dinner_n_795226.html. Retrieved 2012-05-07.
- ^ West, Kay (January 20, 2011). "Taylor Swift & Jake Gyllenhaal: Back Together Again?". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20459183,00.html. Retrieved March 6, 2012.
- ^ Hammel, Sara (February 28, 2011). "Taylor Swift, Jake Gyllenhaal's Oscar Run-In". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20469689,00.html. Retrieved April 22, 2012.
- ^ Orloff, Brian (October 14, 2005). "Taylor Swift Ready to Vote for the Very First Time – Taylor Swift". People.com. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20232932,00.html. Retrieved May 21, 2012.
- ^ "Taylor Swift Casts a Vote & Gives to Charity". Great American Country. June 2, 2008. http://www.gactv.com/gac/nw_headlines/article/0,,GAC_26063_5877810,00.html. Retrieved May 29, 2012.
- ^ Finan, Eileen (2008-10-31). "Taylor Swift Votes for First Time 'With My Gut' – 2008 Presidential Elections, Taylor Swift". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20237141,00.html. Retrieved 2012-04-15.
- ^ Grigoriadis, Vanessa (March 5, 2009). "The Very Pink, Very Perfect Life of Taylor Swift | Music News". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/the-very-pink-very-perfect-life-of-taylor-swift-20090305. Retrieved April 15, 2012.
- ^ Ravitz, Justin (2012-04-12). "President Obama Calls Kanye West a "Jackass" Again". UsMagazine.com. http://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/president-obama-calls-kanye-west-a-jackass-again-2012124. Retrieved 2012-04-15.
- ^ "Jimmy Carter weighs in on Kanye West's VMA stunt". Atlanta, Georgia: CNN. September 17, 2009. http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Music/09/17/carter.kanye.west/index.html. Retrieved May 15, 2012.
- ^ A.J. Jacobs (August 28, 2010). "Taylor Swift premieres new song Mine and has an unlikely fan... former U.S. President George H.W. Bush | Mail Online". Daily Mail. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-1306922/Taylor-Swift-premieres-new-song-Mine-unlikely-fan--U-S-President-George-H-W-Bush.html. Retrieved April 15, 2012.
- ^ "George H.W. Bush Jimmy Carter Quotes – George Bush on Jimmy Carter, George W. Bush". Esquire. 2010-12-15. http://www.esquire.com/features/what-ive-learned/meaning-of-life-2011/george-hw-bush-quotes-0111-2. Retrieved 2012-04-15.
- ^ Moss, Hilary. "Michelle Obama Honors Taylor Swift, Taylor Swift ‘So Honored’ – The Cut". New York Magazine. http://nymag.com/daily/fashion/2012/04/michelle-obama-honors-taylor-swift.html. Retrieved 2012-04-15.
- ^ Pacella, Megan (April 15, 2012). "Taylor Swift Reflects on Meeting First Lady Michelle Obama". Taste of Country. http://tasteofcountry.com/taylor-swift-michelle-obama/. Retrieved 2012-04-15.
- ^ Van Meter, Jonathan (January 14, 2012). "Taylor Swift: The Single Life – Magazine". Vogue. p. 6. http://www.vogue.com/magazine/article/taylor-swift-the-single-life/#6. Retrieved April 15, 2012.
- ^ a b CELEBScom (January 31, 2012). "Ethel & Rory Kennedy talk Taylor Swift and "Ethel" at the Celebs.com Studio at Sundance". YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9dmmm5vkS18. Retrieved April 15, 2012.
- ^ "Taylor Swift Wrote a Song About the Kennedys – ABC News". Abcnews.go.com. January 23, 2012. http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/entertainment/2012/01/taylor-swift-wrote-a-song-about-the-kennedys/. Retrieved April 15, 2012.
- ^ Harper's Bazaar Australia, April 2012
External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Taylor Swift |
- Wikipedia books: Taylor Swift
- Official website
- Taylor Swift on Twitter
- Taylor Swift at the Internet Movie Database
- Taylor Swift on Facebook
| Awards | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Carrie Underwood |
Grammy Award for Best Female Country Vocal Performance 2010 |
Succeeded by Miranda Lambert |
| Preceded by N/A |
Grammy Award for Best Country Solo Performance 2012 |
Succeeded by incumbent |
| Preceded by Miranda Lambert |
Academy of Country Music Award for Top New Female Vocalist 2008 |
Succeeded by Julianne Hough |
| Preceded by Carrie Underwood |
Academy of Country Music Award for Entertainer of the Year 2011–2012 |
Succeeded by incumbent |
| Preceded by Carrie Underwood |
Country Music Association Award for Horizon Award 2007 |
Succeeded by N/A |
| Preceded by Carrie Underwood |
Country Music Association Award for Female Vocalist of the Year 2009 |
Succeeded by Miranda Lambert |
| Preceded by Kenny Chesney |
Country Music Association Award for Entertainer of the Year 2009 |
Succeeded by Brad Paisley |
| Preceded by Brad Paisley |
Country Music Association Award for Entertainer of the Year 2011 |
Succeeded by incumbent |
| Preceded by Rihanna |
American Music Award for Favorite Pop/Rock Female Artist 2009 |
Succeeded by Lady GaGa |
| Preceded by Carrie Underwood |
American Music Award for Favorite Country Female Artist 2008–2011 |
Succeeded by incumbent |
| Preceded by Chris Brown |
American Music Award for Artist of the Year 2009 |
Succeeded by Justin Bieber |
| Preceded by Justin Bieber |
American Music Award for Artist of the Year 2011 |
Succeeded by incumbent |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Swift, Taylor |
| Alternative names | Swift, Taylor Alison |
| Short description | Singer and songwriter |
| Date of birth | December 13, 1989 |
| Place of birth | Reading, Pennsylvania, United States |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Taylor_Swift
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http://ru.wn.com/Свифт, Тейлор
http://nl.wn.com/Taylor Swift
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_Swift
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Priyanka Chopra | |
|---|---|
 Chopra unveils the new range of Nikon cameras, April 2012. |
|
| Born | (1982-07-18) 18 July 1982 (age 29) Jamshedpur, Bihar, India (now in Jharkhand, India) |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Occupation | actress, model, singer-songwriter |
| Years active | 2002–present |
| Relatives | Parineeti Chopra (Cousin) |
| Website | |
| iampriyankachopra.com | |
Priyanka Chopra (pronounced [prɪˈjəŋkaː ˈtʃoːpɽaː]; born 18 July 1982)[1] is an Indian actress, singer-songwriter and former Miss World. Before starting her acting career, she worked as a model and gained fame after winning the Miss World title in 2000.[2] She is often referred to by the nickname "Piggy Chops", which was given to her by co-stars on the set of the film Bluffmaster![3] During her career, Chopra has received four Filmfare Awards, among seven nominations and one National Film Award for Best Actress.
Chopra made her acting debut with the 2002 Tamil film Thamizhan. The following year, she made her Bollywood film debut with The Hero: Love Story of a Spy and followed it with the hit Andaaz, for which she won a Filmfare Best Female Debut Award. In 2004, she became the second woman to win the Filmfare Best Villain Award, which she received for her critically acclaimed performance in Aitraaz. She subsequently appeared in successful films like Mujhse Shaadi Karogi (2004), Waqt: The Race Against Time (2005), Krrish (2006) and Don (2006).[4]
2008 marked the beginning of a new phase in Chopra's career. Her portrayal of a troubled model in Fashion earned her a National Film Award for Best Actress, as well as a Filmfare Award for Best Actress. She received further critical acclaim for roles in films like Kaminey (2009), What's Your Raashee? (2009) and 7 Khoon Maaf (2011), for which she won a Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress and followed it with commercially successful films such as Don 2 (2011) and Agneepath (2012).[5][6] Having done so, Chopra established herself as one of the leading contemporary actresses in Bollywood.[7][8]
In addition to movie acting, Chopra is a trained western classical singer. She signed a worldwide recording agreement with Universal Music and Desi Hits to record and release her first music album. The first single is expected to release in June 2012.[9]
Contents |
Early life and background[link]
Chopra was born in Jamshedpur, Bihar,(now in Jharkhand) to Ashok Chopra and Madhu Akhauri, both physicians by profession in the Indian Army. She spent 7 years in Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh; Newton, Massachusetts; and Cedar Rapids, Iowa.[10] Her father hails from a family of Punjabi origin, settled in Ambala district in the state of Haryana and her mother, from a (Bhagalpur) Bihari family settled in Jamshedpur. She also has a brother, Siddharth, who is seven years younger than her. Her cousin Parineeti Chopra is also an actress.[11]
Chopra studied at La Martiniere Girls' School in Lucknow as a young girl. She subsequently re-located to the U.S. where she studied in Newton North High School in Newton, Massachusetts and then in John F. Kennedy High School in Cedar Rapids, Iowa.[12] She returned to India and finished her high school at Army Public School in Bareilly. She registered for her college studies at Jai Hind College in Mumbai.[13]
Acting career[link]
Debut and breakthrough (2002–03)[link]
Chopra made her debut in the 2002 Tamil film Thamizhan playing the role of Priya, the love interest of the protaginist in the film played by Vijay. The film was praised for its wit, although the depth of Chopra's character was seen as lacking.[14] Chopra also sang playback in the film, singing "Ullathai Killadhe" along with Vijay. In 2003, she appeared in her first Bollywood film, opposite Sunny Deol and Preity Zinta in the Anil Sharma film The Hero: Love Story of a Spy. She played a supporting role as a doctor named Shaheen in the film that The New York Times described as "ripping its text from the seething border tensions between India and Pakistan, spicing its conflict with hot-tempered religious zealots bent on nuclear havoc".[15] Despite being one of the highest grossing films of that year, the overall film was not well received by critics.[16] Chopra was awarded mostly good reviews for her debut Hindi performance.[17] Later that year she appeared in Raj Kanwar's Andaaz, playing the character of Jiya who falls in love with Raj Malhotra, played by Akshay Kumar. The film was a success at the box office,[16] earning her a Filmfare Best Female Debut Award and a nomination for Filmfare Best Supporting Actress Award. Rediff.com said of her role, "Priyanka Chopra alone clicks with the audience, thanks to her skimpy outfits."[18]
Initial success and professional setbacks (2004–08)[link]
File:PriyankaMujhseShaadiKarogi.jpg
Chopra with co-stars Salman Khan (left) and Akshay Kumar on the sets of Mujhse Shaadi Karogi (2004).
Her next few films released in 2004 Plan opposite Sanjay Dutt, Kismat opposite Bobby Deol and Asambhav opposite Arjun Rampal performed poorly at the box office.[19] Later that year she appeared in David Dhawan's romantic comedy Mujhse Shaadi Karogi playing the role of a young fashion designer Rani along with Salman Khan and Akshay Kumar. The film turned out to be the third-highest grossing film of that year.[20] She next starred in Abbas-Mustan's thriller Aitraaz alongside Akshay Kumar and Kareena Kapoor. It was her first negative role and her performance was critically acclaimed.[21] She earned a Filmfare Best Villain Award, becoming the second and last female actor to win the award after Kajol (the category has been retired since 2008). She also received a second nomination for Filmfare Best Supporting Actress Award for the role. Film critic Subhash K. Jha noted, "A star is born! As the predatory social-climbing seductress who can go to any length to satiate her lust for life, Priyanka Chopra rocks the scene like never before. The film is undoubtedly a triumph for Priyanka Chopra. With half a smile, a twitch of her lip and a movement of her eyebrow she seems to slip into her man-eater's role with captivating ease".[22] Taran Adarsh wrote, "AITRAAZ belongs to Priyanka Chopra completely. No two opinions on that! Be it her first appearance [in the story] or the sequence when she openly asks Akshay for sexual favours or the sequence with Kareena, Priyanka gets an opportunity to bear her claws and she does it with complete understanding of the character. She sneaks her way through the role like an expert, drawing audience hatred the way a magnet collects iron filings."[23]
In 2005, she starred in six films. Four of them, Blackmail, Karam, Yakeen and Barsaat failed to do well.[19] However, her performance in Yakeen garnered mostly good reviews from critics. Rediff.com noted, "Priyanka does well, though her part is restricted to crying."[24] and Taran Adarsh wrote, "Priyanka Chopra is bound to win laurels yet again, the actor is emerging as one of the finest talents in these fast-changing times."[25][26][27] Her other two 2005 releases, Waqt: The Race Against Time and Bluffmaster! were moderately successful at the box office. Subhash K Jha wrote about her performance in Bluffmaster!, "Chopra has little to do. But she does it with eye-catching aplomb."[19][28][29]
In 2006, Chopra starred in Rakesh Roshan's Krrish which was a sequel to the 2004 sci-fi film Koi... Mil Gaya. She shared the screen with Hrithik Roshan and Rekha. The film was declared a blockbuster and was one of the highest grossing films of the year. She also appeared in Aap Ki Khatir opposite Akshaye Khanna and Dino Morea. Her last release was Farhan Akhtar's Don, alongside Shahrukh Khan which was a remake of the 1978 film of the same name. She was cast to play Roma, a role which was played by Zeenat Aman in the original movie. Shahrukh Khan and Priyanka Chopra underwent special martial arts training for their roles in the movie and both performed their own stunts. Upon release, The film was generally well received both in India and abroad. A week after its theatrical run, Box Office India declared the film a hit in India, and a "blockbuster" overseas.[30]
In 2007, she appeared in Nikhil Advani's ensemble piece Salaam-e-Ishq: A Tribute to Love. Despite a promising opening, the movie was a financial failure. Chopra received mixed to negative reviews for her performance in the film.[31] Her next release, the much-delayed[32] Big Brother, also underperformed at the box-office.
In 2008, Chopra acted in six films. Her first four films, Love Story 2050, God Tussi Great Ho, Chamku and Drona, were critically and commercially unsuccessful.[33] Critics started panning her for choosing the wrong movies and criticising her performances.[34] Still, she was noted for her physical performance in Drona. The Times of India critic Nikhat Kazmi wrote, "Priyanka Chopra kicks butt like never before."[35]
[edit] Fashion and recent work (2008–present)
File:Priyanka National Awards.jpg
Chopra receiving the Best Actress Award from Indian President Pratibha Patil for her role in Fashion (2008) during the National Film Awards. She also won the Filmfare Award for Best Actress for her unanimously acclaimed performance in the film.
After a series of flops, Chopra was cast in Madhur Bhandarkar's Fashion (2008) for the lead role of Meghna Mathur. Revolving around the fashion world through Chopra's role of an ambitious model, the film was a critical success. Her performance in the film was appreciated and earned her several awards for Best Actress including the National Film Award for Best Actress, as well as the Filmfare Award for Best Actress.[36][37] Subhash K Jha said of her performance, "Her transformation from the bubbly Chandigarh girl to the super-ambitious supermodel, who dumps her boyfriend and conscience to pursue her dreams, is achieved with a gentle subtlety and bridled passion. This is Priyanka’s coming-of-age film. She looks like a zillion bucks. And acts like a woman who connects with the darkest, most desperate human emotions without wallowing in them." Rajeev Masand wrote, "Chopra turns in a respectable performance, one that will inevitably go down as her best." The film became a major turning point in her career.[38] Chopra's final release of the year was Tarun Mansukhani's romantic comedy Dostana alongside Abhishek Bachchan and John Abraham. The film explores the story of two men who pretend to be gay, so that they can rent an apartment from an older lady. Both the men fall in love with the same girl, their roommate, but are unable to express their feelings because she is related to the old landlady. The film was a financial success and went on to become the eight-highest grossing film at the Indian box office in 2008.[33] Chopra received positive reviews for her performance. Khalid Mohamed wrote, "Priyanka Chopra is in form, pretty convincing as a working woman who’s trying to deal with professional pressures." She was also praised for her overall look in the film.[39][40]
In 2009, she appeared in Vishal Bhardwaj's caper thriller Kaminey alongside Shahid Kapoor, playing the role of a feisty Marathi girl named Sweety. The film was a critical and commercial success. Her performance received positive reviews with Taran Adarsh describing it as "first-rate", He further stated, "She's so much in sync with her character... [and] gets the Maharashtrian accent perfect". Anupama Chopra wrote, "Sweety is this year’s most exciting heroine after Paro in Dev D, and Priyanka plays her with aplomb."[41] Her work in the film brought her several awards and nominations including a Filmfare Award for Best Actress nomination and a second consecutive Apsara Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role.[42] She subsequently appeared in Ashutosh Gowariker's romantic comedy What's Your Raashee?, a film which made Chopra the first actress in cinema history to portray 12 distinct characters in one film.[43] She was reportedly being considered for inclusion in the upcoming edition of Guinness World Records for this feat.[44] The film itself was a financial and critical failure, but Chopra's performance was appreciated by the critics. Rediff wrote, "Priyanka Chopra transforms into 12 new skins with astonishing distinction, voice and spirit. The actress reinvents herself into this unique individual every single time ranging from batty, bashful and boisterous. This is simply her show."[45] Film critic Subhash K Jha noted, "It's an amazing achievement. Priyanka gives soul to all the 12 characters she plays. In the climactic song, she brings all of them together, quirks and mannerisms all on display in one unified flow of feelings and body-language. The actress achieves individuality for all her characters while giving the plot a homogenous flow." [46][47]
In 2010, Chopra appeared in Jugal Hansraj's Pyaar Impossible! opposite Uday Chopra where she portrayed the role of a college beauty who eventually falls in love with a geek. The film was a commercial and critical failure.[48] Her next release, Siddharth Anand's Anjaana Anjaani alongside Ranbir Kapoor, got a good initial response at the box office,[48] but was not well-received by the critics. She received positive to mixed comments from critics for her performance. Komal Nahta mentioned, "Priyanka Chopra looks sexy and performs well." [49][50]
Chopra's first release of 2011 was Vishal Bhardwaj's black comedy 7 Khoon Maaf, in which she portrayed the role of Susanna Anna-Marie Johannes, an Anglo-Indian woman who murders her seven husbands in an unending quest for love. The film was a commercial failure and received mixed response from the critics, however her performance received good reviews. Mayank Shekhar wrote, "For Priyanka Chopra, who plays the Anglo-Indian protagonist, this is unquestionably a role of a lifetime. She has you by the eyeballs."[51] and Nikhat Kazmi from The Times of India noted, "7 Khoon Maaf would undoubtedly end up as a milestone in Priyanka Chopra's career graph. The actor displays exquisite command over a complex character that is definitely a first in Indian cinema. She renders a subtle and restrained portrayal of a lonely and wronged woman who wanted love and only love from life." Chopra eventually earned the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress and a Filmfare Award for Best Actress nomination.[52][53][54] Her next release was Farhan Akhtar's Don 2 alongside Shahrukh Khan, in which she reprised her role of Roma. The film was a sequel to the 2006 action thriller Don. Upon release, while Indian critics gave positive to mixed reviews, overseas film critics praised it. Chopra's performance received positive feedback from the overseas critics with the reviewer from The Express Tribune writing, "Priyanka Chopra pulls of her role with aplomb and seems to be the perfect choice for an action heroine. As you watch her effortlessly beat up some thugs in the movie, you come to the realisation that she may be the first proper female action hero in Bollywood. I wouldn’t be surprised if her next venture is as the next Lara Croft or the fourth Charlie’s Angel." Divanee South Asian News also wrote, "Chopra surprises with a Lara Croft-esque demeanor. It is so refreshing to finally see a female character kick ass and take names in a Hindi film. The actress can easily add this to her growing repertoire, alongside “Fashion”, “Kaminey” and “7 Khoon Maaf”." [55][56] The film was a major success in India and a blockbuster overseas. It went on to break multiple box-office records in India and overseas, including highest opening day grosser ever on a non-holiday Friday and the highest grossing Bollywood movie overseas in 2011.[57][58]
In early 2012, Chopra became the first Bollywood actor to be signed by Creative Artists Agency, a prominent entertainment and sports agency headquartered in Los Angeles. The agency will handle her acting career in Hollywood.[59] Her first release of the year was Karan Johar's Agneepath alongside Hrithik Roshan, Sanjay Dutt and Rishi Kapoor. The film was a remake of the 1990 classic of the same name. Upon release, the film broke the highest opening day collections record and became a critical and commercial success.[60] Her performance in the film was appreciated by most critics. Mayank Shekhar noted, "Chopra stands out in a male-centric movie."[61][62] and Komal Nahta wrote, "Chopra shines in a comparatively short role. She makes the character of Kaali very endearing. Her dances are extremely graceful and she shines in emotional scenes."[63][64] Her next release is Kunal Kohli's Teri Meri Kahaani opposite Shahid Kapoor. The tagline reads, "thrice upon a love story", as the premise is set in 1910, 1960, and 2012. Chopra plays a different role in each time period. The movie is scheduled to release in June 2012. She will also appear in Anurag Basu's Barfi! alongside Ranbir Kapoor and Ileana D'Cruz, in which she portrays the character of an autistic woman. Chopra claims it is her toughest role yet. In an effort to get into the skin of the character, she had to visit and spend time with autistic people. The movie is set to release in July 2012.[65][66] She is currently filming Krrish 3 alongside Hrithik Roshan, Vivek Oberoi and Kangna Ranaut in which she is respring her role of Priya. The film is a sequel to the 2006 superhero film Krrish.[67]
Other work[link]
Beauty pageants[link]
Chopra entered the world of beauty pageants when her mother sent in pictures of her for the Femina Miss India contest without her knowledge. When she got called to participate, she was encouraged by her father, and entered.[68] She came in second place at the Femina Miss India 2000 competition, behind Lara Dutta and ahead of Dia Mirza, winning the Femina Miss India World title. She was subsequently sent to the Miss World pageant, where she was crowned Miss World 2000, along with Miss World Continental Queen of Beauty − Asia & Oceania.[69] She impressed the judges with her effortless speech on behalf of humanity and charity, as she expressed admiration of Mother Teresa.[70] In the same year, her Miss India co-winners Lara Dutta and Dia Mirza, won the Miss Universe and Miss Asia Pacific crowns respectively, in a rare triple victory for one country.[70] When Chopra won the Miss World crown, she became the fifth Indian woman to win the title, and the fourth Indian woman to win in a span of seven years.
In 2007, Chopra returned to the Miss India pageant as a judge for the first time. She stated, "Miss India will always remain special. That's where it all started for me. And maybe that's where it would've ended if I hadn't won the crown."[71] She came back again to Miss India in 2009 as a performer, and also became a judge at Miss World 2009.[72][73][74]
Television and stage performances[link]
Chopra declined an opportunity to sing "Tinka Tinka" in her film Karam (2005) as she wanted to concentrate on acting. She later sang live on the TV program Sa Re Ga Ma Pa.[75] She became a television host with the reality show Khatron Ke Khiladi in Colors, replacing Akshay Kumar. The show beat the opening ratings of the previous two seasons.[76]
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Chopra is a regular stage performer and has participated in various concerts and award ceremonies. She took part in a concert tour titled Temptations 2004 and performed alongside other Bollywood actors and actresses, including Shahrukh Khan, Saif Ali Khan, Rani Mukerji, Preity Zinta and Arjun Rampal in nineteen stage shows worldwide.[77] In 2011, Chopra participated in the Friendship Concert along with Shahid Kapoor and Shahrukh Khan, celebrating 150 years of the India-South Africa friendship in Durban, South Africa. The concert was hosted by actor Anil Kapoor.[78]
In 2012, Chopra performed at the opening ceremony of the 5th edition of IPL - Indian Premier League alongside Amitabh Bachchan, Salman Khan, Kareena Kapoor and international pop star Katty Perry. The Event was held in M. A. Chidambaram Stadium, Chennai.[79] Like the IPL opening nite, Pune had its own opening nite for its newly constructed Sahara Stadium in which Chopra performed along with other Bollywood actresses, including Bipasha Basu and Priety Zinta.[80]
Music career[link]
Chopra is a trained western classical singer. In August 2011, she signed a worldwide recording agreement with Universal Music and Desi Hits to record and release her first music album.[9] The album will be released in North America with Desi Hits through Interscope Records and in other international markets on UK's Island Records. Her music career will be managed by Troy Carter chief executive officer of Atom Factory, who is also Lady Gaga's manager. The album, which will be produced by Universal Music Group and Desi Hits will contain about ten pop songs and will release worldwide, sometime in 2012. Chopra is currently writing and recording the album in English.[81][82]
The UK-born singer Jay Sean who has had international success with his single Down, has written three songs for the Album.[83]
Humanitarian work[link]
Chopra supports various charities including NDTV's Greenathon, an initiative to make people go eco-friendly and look into lack of electricity in multiple rural villages.[84][85] In February 2005, Chopra participated in the HELP! Telethon Concert to help raise money for the victims of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake with other Bollywood stars.[86] In 2006, An auction on eBay India, the online auction house, opened bids to help the auction winner spend a day with Chopra. All proceeds from the auction were donated to a reputed NGO called Nanhi Kali which helps educate the girl child in rural and urban India.[87] In 2007, she visited the historic Tenga, an important location for the 1960 Indo-China war to boost the morale of the jawan troops for a special episode on the NDTV show, Jai Jawan.[88] In 2009, Chopra shot a documentary for an organization, Alert India, to spread awareness about leprosy. Later, the documentary was presented at a charity dinner which was hosted by chopra herself.[89]
In 2010, Chopra joined hands with `Wave', a philanthropic organization that works for the cause of women. She has been given the onus of supporting them in realizing their mission, one of which is to set up schools.[90] She was also appointed as a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador in 2010, joining Bollywood actor Amitabh Bachchan and actress Sharmila Tagore for supporting UNICEF’s work regarding children all over the world. Chopra started her collaboration with UNICEF in 2008. Since then, she has recorded a series of public service announcements championing girls education and celebrating the 20th anniversary of the convention on the Rights of the Child. She has also participated in a media panel discussion to promote child rights.[91][92]
In 2012, Chopra and Priya Dutt pledged their dedication towards the cause of curing addiction at the launch of Awakening Youth, a program to make mankind addiction free. She was a hit among the crowds and gave the audience a touching speech about the future of the youth of India.[93] To kick start the fourth edition of NDTV's Greenathon, Chopra cleaned the Yamuna river in Agra in a symbolic gesture as part of an initiative to create awareness for environmental issues. She said, "This time we began our campaign from Agra because tourist inflow is maximum here. Taj Mahal is on the bank of river Yamuna, which has become a dumping zone of waste materials now. If we do not protect our environment our future will be dark." Model-actor Milind Soman and Abhishek Mishra, Minister of State for Protocol, UP, along with local environmental organizations and school children joined her in the effort. The whole exercise took about an hour.[94]
Modelling and endorsements[link]
Chopra continues to walk the ramp for various fashion designers. In 2010, she appeared for Ritu Kumar's collection at HDIL India Couture Week.[95] She appeared on the cover of the inaugural issue of Inda's edition of Maxim.[96] She has a number of endorsements and is one of the top paid Bollywood actresses in this respect.[97] She has represented brands including Lux, Ponds, Sunsilk, Hero Honda, Nokia, Tag Heuer, J. Hampsted, Virgin Comic, Asmi Jewelry, Levis, Bru, Nikon, Samsung[98] and Garnier.[99][100][101] In 2006, Chopra was one of four Bollywood actors including Shahrukh Khan, Kajol and Hrithik Roshan whose miniature dolls were launched by Shameen Jivraj and toy distributors, Spin Master Toys UK. Chopra's doll was dressed in a traditional Indian outfit.[102]
Awards and honours[link]
Chopra has won several movie awards, including the Filmfare Best Female Debut Award in 2003 for Andaaz, the Filmfare Best Villain Award in 2005 for Aitraaz, the Filmfare Best Actress Award in 2009 for Fashion, the National Film Award for Best Actress in 2009 for Fashion and the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress in 2012 for 7 Khoon Maaf.
Apart from awards, she has also received several honors. In 2006, the UK magazine Eastern Eye ranked her first on their list of "Asia's Sexiest Women". Rediff wrote, "This babe has attitude, talent and seems tough enough to go the distance.".[103] An eBay online poll crowned her "Style Diva of the Year" in 2006.[104] In 2011, Chopra who is known for her simple yet stylish wardrobe was declared by People Magazine India as the Best Dressed Woman of the year[105] and Maxim Magazine named her the Hottest Girl of the year.[106]
In early 2012, Chopra was named India's Glam Diva. The title was given as a part of Big CBS Love's show of the same name. She won on the basis of public voting. Jury member and choreographer Shiamak Davar said: "She wants to be number one; she wants to conquer the world; she wants to make it not only in India but globally - which is great."[107] In April 2012, Chopra was declared as the Topmost influential Indian in the social media circuit by a survey conducted by Pinstorm India.[108] Chopra was honored with Punjabi Icons Award at a Baisakhi celebration in Mumbai. Others to be honored at the ceremony with Punjabi Icons Awards were cricketer-turned-politician Navjot Singh Sidhu and veteran actor Om Puri. Charan Singh Sapra, Punjabi Cultural Heritage Board head and Congress legislator said at the occasion, “These eminent personalities were selected for the honours for their sterling contribution in their respective fields.”[109]
Filmography[link]
| Year | Film | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2002 | Thamizhan | Priya | Tamil film Sung playback for the song "Ullathai Killadhe" |
| 2003 | The Hero: Love Story of a Spy | Shaheen Zakaria | |
| 2003 | Andaaz | Jiya | Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress |
| 2004 | Plan | Rani | |
| 2004 | Kismat | Sapna | |
| 2004 | Asambhav | Alisha | |
| 2004 | Mujhse Shaadi Karogi | Rani Singh | |
| 2004 | Aitraaz | Mrs. Sonia Roy | Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress |
| 2005 | Blackmail | Mrs. Rathod | |
| 2005 | Karam | Shalini | |
| 2005 | Waqt: The Race Against Time | Pooja (Mitali) | |
| 2005 | Yakeen | Simar | |
| 2005 | Barsaat | Kajal | |
| 2005 | Bluffmaster! | Simmi Ahuja | |
| 2006 | Taxi No. 9211 | Special appearance | |
| 2006 | 36 China Town | Seema | Special appearance |
| 2006 | Alag | Special appearance in song "Sabse Alag" | |
| 2006 | Krrish | Priya | |
| 2006 | Aap Ki Khatir | Anu | |
| 2006 | Don | Roma | |
| 2007 | Salaam-e-Ishq: A Tribute to Love | Kamini | |
| 2007 | Big Brother | Aarthi Sharma | |
| 2007 | Om Shanti Om | Herself | Special appearance in song "Deewangi Deewangi" |
| 2008 | My Name is Anthony Gonsalves | Herself | Special appearance |
| 2008 | Love Story 2050 | Sana / Zeisha | Double role |
| 2008 | God Tussi Great Ho | Alia Kapoor | |
| 2008 | Chamku | Shubhi | |
| 2008 | Drona | Sonia | |
| 2008 | Fashion | Meghna Mathur | National Film Award for Best Actress Filmfare Award for Best Actress |
| 2008 | Dostana | Neha Melwani | |
| 2009 | Billu | Herself | Special appearance in song "You Get Me Rockin & Reeling" |
| 2009 | Kaminey | Sweety Shekhar Bhope |
Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actress |
| 2009 | What's Your Raashee? | 12 roles | Anjali / Vishakha / Kajal / Hansa / Mallika / Pooja / Rajni / Nandini / Bhavna / Jhankhana / Sanjna / Chandrika |
| 2010 | Pyaar Impossible! | Alisha Merchant | |
| 2010 | Jaane Kahan Se Aayi Hai | Herself | Special appearance |
| 2010 | Anjaana Anjaani | Kiara Malhotra | |
| 2011 | 7 Khoon Maaf | Susanna Anna-Marie Johannes |
Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actress |
| 2011 | Ra.One | Desi Girl | Special appearance |
| 2011 | Don 2 | Roma | |
| 2012 | Agneepath | Kaali Gawde | |
| 2012 | Teri Meri Kahaani | Rukhsar / Radha / Aradhana |
Releasing on June 22, 2012 |
| 2012 | Barfee | Jhilmil Sengupta | Filming |
| 2013 | Krrish 3 | Priya Mehra | Filming |
| 2013 | Zanjeer | Mala | Filming |
References[link]
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- ^ Indo-Asian News Service (2000-12-05). "Priyanka admits lapse". The Tribune. http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20001205/world.htm#9. Retrieved 2009-08-29.
- ^ "Priyanka bored of Piggy Chops". The Times of India. 2010-10-28. http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-10-28/news-interviews/28257294_1_priyanka-chopra-priyanka-fans-piggy-chops. Retrieved 2011-03-14.
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- ^ priyankachopra.org. "Priyanka Chopra Profile". http://www.priyankachopra.org/priyanka/profile.php. Retrieved 2011-10-10.
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- ^ Van Gelder, Lawrence (2003-04-10). "The Hero: Love Story of a Spy (2003)". The New York Times. http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/283640/The-Hero-Love-Story-of-a-Spy/overview. Retrieved 2010-03-19.
- ^ a b "Box Office 2003". Box Office India. http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=209&catName=MjAwMw==. Retrieved 2010-10-26.
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- ^ Magotra, Ashish (2003-05-23). "'Andaaz': Flight to boredom". Rediff.com. http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/may/23andaaz.htm. Retrieved 2010-03-19.
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- ^ Adarsh, Taran (2011-12-23). "Movie Review: Don 2". Bollywood Hungama. http://bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/525404. Retrieved 2012-01-07.
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- ^ Jha, Subhash K. (2011-03-26). "Priyanka Chopra begins shooting for Anurag Basu's Barfi". Bollywood Hungama. http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/2011/03/26/15556/index.html. Retrieved 2011-03-28.
- ^ "Priyanka and Shahid in Kunal Kohli;s next". http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2011/jun/260611-Manish-Malhotra-Priyanka-Chopra-Kunal-Kohli.htm.
- ^ Dubey, Rachana (2010-12-22). "Hrithik, Priyanka pair up again!". Hindustan Times. http://www.hindustantimes.com/Hrithik-Priyanka-pair-up-again/Article1-641497.aspx. Retrieved 2010-12-22.
- ^ "Meet Priyanka Chopra". Rediff.com. http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2004/jul/29priyanka.htm. Retrieved 2011-04-07.
- ^ "Priyanka Chopra is Miss World 2000". Rediff.com. 2000-11-30. http://www.rediff.com/news/2000/nov/30world.htm. Retrieved 2006-08-02.
- ^ a b "INTERNATIONAL PAGEANT WINNERS". Feminamissindia.indiatimes.com. http://feminamissindia.indiatimes.com/Archives/International-Winners/articleshow/msid-5931192,curpg-2.cms. Retrieved 2012-03-15.
- ^ "Miss India is special for Priyanka". Hindustan Times. 2007-04-09. http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/MirchMasala/Miss-India-is-special-for-Priyanka/Article1-214555.aspx. Retrieved 2012-03-15.
- ^ "Miss World will not change the world: Priyanka Chopra : India @ Miss World '09 News - India Today". Indiatoday.intoday.in. 2009-12-14. http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/Miss+World+will+not+change+the+world:+Priyanka+Chopra/1/74933.html. Retrieved 2012-03-16.
- ^ PTI December 11, 2009 (2009-12-11). "Priyanka is my lucky charm: Pooja : India @ Miss World '09 News - India Today". Indiatoday.intoday.in. http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/Priyanka+is+my+lucky+charm:+Pooja/1/74621.html. Retrieved 2012-03-16.
- ^ "With seven awards, it's been a 'fantastic' start: Priyanka Chopra". Hindustan Times. 2009-04-06. http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/InterviewsCinema/With-seven-awards-it-s-been-a-fantastic-start-Priyanka-Chopra/Article1-397523.aspx. Retrieved 2012-03-16.
- ^ "Priyanka sings live on TV!". India Times. 2010-09-24. http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-09-24/tv/28237147_1_playback-piggy-chops-priyanka-chopra. Retrieved 2011-04-04.
- ^ Indo-Asian News Service (2010-09-15). "Khatron Ke Khiladi 3 TRPs break record". Hindustan Times. http://www.hindustantimes.com/Khatron-Ke-Khiladi-3-opening-TRP-ratings-breaks-record/Article1-600561.aspx. Retrieved 2010-09-28.
- ^ "Temptation 2004". sify.com. http://www.sify.com/movies/Temptation-2004-imagegallery-events-jdwmFcichfa.html?html=5. Retrieved 2011-03-19.
- ^ "friendship concert". http://entertainment.in.msn.com/bollywood/article.aspx?cp-documentid=4771072.
- ^ "IPL opening ceremony 2012". http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl-2012/news/IPL-2012-Opening-Ceremony-IPL-party-begins-with-star-studded-opening-ceremony-as-fans-swoon/articleshow/12524604.cms.
- ^ "IPL Pune Opening Nite". http://www.internationalreporter.com/News-10790/priyanka-chorpa-to-perform-in-pune-today.html.
- ^ "Priyanka Chopra's Touching the right chords". The Times of India. 2011-08-07. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Priyanka-Chopras-Touching-the-right-chords/articleshow/9503830.cms. Retrieved 2011-08-06.
- ^ "Lady Gaga's manager for Priyanka Chopra". The Times of India. 2011-08-06. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Lady-Gagas-manager-for-Priyanka-Chopra/articleshow/9494066.cms. Retrieved 2011-08-06.
- ^ "Priyanka Collaborates with Jay Sean". The Times Of India. 2011-12-14. http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-14/news-and-interviews/30512296_1_jay-sean-priyanka-chopra-music-video.
- ^ "Metro Plus Kochi / People : Green agenda". Chennai, India: The Hindu. 2011-06-09. http://www.hindu.com/mp/2011/06/09/stories/2011060951860400.htm. Retrieved 2011-09-28.
- ^ "NDTV Greenathon 'Green anthem' featuring Priyanka Chopa". fruzeo. http://www.fruzeo.com/video/136107/ndtv-greenathon-green-anthem-featuring-priyanka-chopa. Retrieved 2011-09-28.
- ^ "The Telegraph — Calcutta : Nation". Telegraphindia.com. 2005-02-08. http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050208/asp/nation/story_4351693.asp. Retrieved 2011-12-13.
- ^ "Priyanka Chopra Ebay Auction". http://www.quickonlinetips.com/archives/2006/08/meet-actress-priyanka-chopra-charity-auction-on-ebay-india/. Retrieved 2012-03-23.
- ^ "> News Room Headlines > NDTV India to celebrate Independence Day with special programmes". Indiantelevision.com. 2007-08-11. http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k7/aug/aug162.php. Retrieved 2012-02-24.
- ^ "Priyanka spreads awareness on leprosy". http://entertainment.oneindia.in/bollywood/news/2009/priyanka-leprosy-awareness-061109.html. Retrieved 2012-03-23.
- ^ "Priyanka Joins hand with WAVE". http://cw.topnews.in/content/22361-priyanka-s-charity-work. Retrieved 2012-03-23.
- ^ "Bollywood Star Named As UNICEF Ambassador". Looktothestars.org. http://www.looktothestars.org/news/4950-bollywood-star-named-as-unicef-ambassador. Retrieved 2012-01-25.
- ^ Sampurn Wire (2010-08-07). "UNICEF To Sign Priyanka Chopra As Brand Ambassador". Thai Indian. http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/entertainment/unicef-to-sign-priyanka-chopra-as-brand-ambassador_100408794.html. Retrieved 2010-09-02.
- ^ "Chopra at Awakening Youth". http://in.movies.yahoo.com/video/teaserstrailers-24306328/priyanka-chopra-at-awakening-youth-2012-28839357.html.
- ^ "Priyanka cleans Yamuna river in Agra". International Reporter. 2012-04-10. http://www.internationalreporter.com/News-10936/priyanka-chopra-promotes-greenathon-campaign.html. Retrieved 2012-04-10.
- ^ "Designers who are pioneers in Indian Bridal Couture". Indian Fashion Police. 2010-02-08. http://indianfashionpolice.com/2010/02/08/designers-who-are-pioneers-in-indian-bridal-couture/. Retrieved 2011-03-19.
- ^ "Priyanka poses for inaugural cover of Maxim | Priyanka Chopra |Latest Celebrity news". Bollywood Hungama. 2005-12-30. http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebritymicro/news/type/view/id/5396/newsid/1174060. Retrieved 2012-01-07.
- ^ Times News Network (2011-03-13). "Ad-vantage B-Town bombshells". The Times of India. http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-03-13/news-interviews/28685915_1_ad-revenue-ad-vantage-endorsement. Retrieved 2011-03-20.
- ^ "Samsung brand ambassador". 30 January 2012. http://www.businessofcinema.com/news.php?newsid=17074.
- ^ "Garnier Brand Ambassador". bollywoodhungama. 30 January 2012. http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/news/type/view/id/1313433/sorttype//Priyanka+Chopra+to+be+brand+ambassador+of+Garnier.
- ^ ibnlive.com (2009-02-19). "Priyanka Chopra queen of endorsements in 2008". http://ibnlive.in.com/news/priyanka-chopra-queen-of-endorsements-in-2008/84982-8.html. Retrieved 2009-02-19.
- ^ "Brand Endorsed By Bollywood Actress Priyanka Chopra". Environment.feedfury.com. 2011-03-28. http://environment.feedfury.com/content/47100765-brand-endorsed-by-bollywood-actress-priyanka-chopra.html. Retrieved 2011-09-28.
- ^ "Bollywood News. Hrithik & Kajol to launch Bollywood Dolls". Redhotcurry.com. 2006-09-14. http://www.redhotcurry.com/entertainment/bollywood/2006/bollywood_dolls-launch.htm. Retrieved 2012-01-25.
- ^ "rediff.com: Asia's sexiest women". Specials.rediff.com. 20 September 2006. http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2006/sep/20sld5.htm. Retrieved 29 August 2011.
- ^ "Priyanka Chopra crowned style diva". Priyanka Chopra officially been chosen as the Style Diva of 2006. http://indiafm.com/news/2006/08/11/7602/index.html. Retrieved 11 August 2006.
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External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Priyanka Chopra |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Chopra, Priyanka |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 18 July 1982 |
| Place of birth | Jamshedpur, Jharkand, India |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priyanka_Chopra
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For the musical style, see New jack swing.
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This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (February 2010) |
| New Jack | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Ring name(s) | New Jack |
| Billed height | 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) |
| Billed weight | 225 lb (102 kg) |
| Born | (1963-01-03) January 3, 1963 (age 49) Greensboro, NC |
| Trained by | Ray Candy |
| Debut | 1992 |
Jerome Young (born January 3, 1963) is an American professional wrestler, better known by his stage name New Jack in ECW. He is known for his willingness to take dangerous bumps and his stiff hardcore wrestling style, often taking high risks and "shooting" on opponents, though he is only known to shoot on opponents who are deemed disrespectful in the ring. He is also known for having his theme song ("Natural Born Killaz" by Ice Cube and Dr. Dre) play throughout his matches in ECW. The inspiration for his ring name came from the movie New Jack City.
Contents |
Career[link]
Young trained under Ray Candy and debuted in 1992 in the Memphis, Tennessee-based United States Wrestling Association (USWA), where he adopted the name New Jack. He went on to form a tag team, The Gangstas, with Mustafa Saed in Smoky Mountain Wrestling (SMW). The Gangstas took part in several controversial angles, on one occasion using affirmative action to enable them to win matches with a two count pinfall as opposed to the conventional three count. They engaged in a long feud with the Rock 'N Roll Express (Ricky Morton and Robert Gibson). During their stint, the NAACP would picket outside the performance venues because of the "Gangsta" gimmick, claiming that no racial violence had occurred in the Tennessee area for years, and they didn't want the reputation of gangsters to be put into the Tennessee area.
Extreme Championship Wrestling[link]
In 1995, The Gangstas left SMW and joined the Philadelphia-based Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) promotion. They won the ECW Tag Team Championships twice before Saed was fired from the company in 1997. New Jack then formed The Gangstanators, a new tag team with former Eliminator John Kronus, going on to win a third ECW Tag Team Championship. New Jack began dragging in a garbage can full of weapons and throwing it into the ring as a sort of ultra-violent grab bag.
During Jack's time in ECW when he had started to dive from anything and everything, he has stated in an interview he was contacted by the (at the time) WWF to work for them. Jack also stated he wouldn't leave ECW for either the WWF or WCW because they would "water him down" and "make him look weak", in competition to the likes of Stone Cold Steve Austin, The Rock, Triple H, The Undertaker and others that were working for the company at that time.
August 1998-1999[link]
New Jack throughout the late-1990s was in a bitter feud with Da Baldies and their leader The Spanish Angel over the unofficial title of "King of the Streets". The two battled back and forth over the matter in bloody street fights. One of ECW television's most gruesome moments is when in the course of a match, Angel used New Jack's staple gun (which he often wore around his neck with a chain) against him, stapling him in the eye. Referees called off the match, and New Jack disappeared from the air for several months. New Jack returned by the end of 1999 with his eye seemingly recovered, now sporting a scythe around his neck, claiming that he had "upgraded" the staple gun. The first match he had against Angel since his return was a successful one, as he continued his feud against Da Baldies.
The Danbury Fall[link]
On March 12, 2000 at the Living Dangerously pay-per-view, New Jack legitimately suffered brain damage and was permanently blinded in his right eye when he and his opponent, Vic Grimes, fell around fifteen feet off a scaffold, missed the tables that were supposed to absorb the force of their fall and landed on the concrete floor, with Grimes landing on New Jack's head.[1] In a rematch between the two in Xtreme Pro Wrestling (XPW), New Jack threw Grimes from a scaffold (which, this time, was directly above the ring), with Grimes plummeting around thirty feet into the ring. The stunt did not work out as planned, as Grimes only landed on one of the twelve tables that were intended to break his fall and ended up dislocating his ankle on the ring rope. In the 2005 documentary Forever Hardcore, New Jack claimed that he had intentionally thrown Grimes too hard in the hopes that he would hit the ring post and for Grimes to be injured or killed, but under further evaluation Grimes can be seen noticeably pushing off the scaffold with his foot which is one of the main factors leading to the botch. Also in the interview, he said that the Living Dangerously accident was his own fault for prematurely pulling Grimes down from the scaffold. Jack has said that Grimes had been going around telling the locker room that he hurt New Jack, until Jack replied by saying "I hurt me."
XPW and the independent circuit[link]
After ECW declared bankruptcy in April 2001, New Jack began wrestling on the independent circuit. In 2001 and 2002, he wrestled for XPW, and in 2003, he made multiple appearances with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling and also Combat Zone Wrestling, competing in Cage of Death V. New Jack appeared at the ECW reunion show, Hardcore Homecoming, on June 10, 2005, as well as competing on the "Extreme Reunion" tour from September 15–16.
In April 2003, New Jack was in a memorable hardcore match with longtime wrestler Gilberto Melendez (better known as Gypsy Joe). Joe was continuously no-selling New Jack. New Jack also states on a shoot interview that Joe headbutted him in the nose. This caused New Jack to legitimately attack the sexagenarian with a chain, a baseball bat wrapped in barbed wire, and several other weapons. Before the match Jack met Gypsy Joe and went to the booker of the show and asked exactly what he was supposed to do with Joe. Jack was told "Gypsy Joe is as tough as leather", and Jack replied that he wasn't going to lose dollar value from this match and won't have either a comedy, or a gimmick match, and told the booker he will kill Gypsy Joe in this hardcore match.[2]
In October 2004, New Jack, wrestling for Thunder Wrestling Federation, was scheduled to fight fellow wrestler William Jason Lane. During the match, New Jack pulled out a metal blade from his camouflage wrestling attire, and stabbed Lane fourteen times; Or as he claims in an interview was only nine times, this action caused New Jack to receive various felony charges, including for aggravated assault with a deadly weapon, and aggravated assault to commit murder.[3] New Jack claims that the two met prior to the match and agreed to use a "piece of metal" to inflict injury. Despite this, a police officer who was recording the incident stated that it looked like it went "past a routine wrestling match." The promoter of the event, Mr. Maurice Williams, claims the event was never intended to be hard-core.
TNA[link]
During 2003 and 2004 New Jack wrestled occasional events for TNA
On August 8, 2010, New Jack appeared at TNA's ECW reunion show, Hardcore Justice, where he and Mustafa assaulted Team 3D and Joel Gertner after a match.[4]
Other media[link]
In the video game ECW Anarchy Rulz, New Jack's theme song was re-recorded by Bootsy Collins with unique lyrics, unlike every other character's theme, which consisted of sound-alikes of their real themes. The real theme ("Natural Born Killaz"), like everyone else's, could not be featured; copyright issues from their record labels wouldn't allow it. New Jack was featured in the 1999 wrestling documentary Beyond the Mat. In addition, he appeared in the television series Early Edition on May 6, 2000 as a biker in the episode "Mel Schwartz, Bounty Hunter". He was also featured in the video game Backyard Wrestling 2: There Goes the Neighborhood.
New Jack is referenced in the Weezer song "El Scorcho". The line "watchin' Grunge legdrop New Jack through a press table" was derived from a caption for a photograph of New Jack fighting wrestler Johnny Grunge that was published in Pro Wrestling Illustrated.
New Jack took part in a shoot interview with The Iron Sheik and The Honky Tonk Man where the subject was Chris Benoit's murder-suicide. New Jack commented that nothing could excuse what Benoit had done and all people on WWE and elsewhere who were making excuses for him were hypocrites. He also thought it was ironic how Extreme Championship Wrestling was seen as violent and dangerous wrestling when he was working there and still only one person died under New Jack's time with the company, whereas WWE was "averaging three a year." (It should be noted that so far 5 performers, including Benoit, have died while under WWE contract. All 5 deaths happened within a 10 year period). He also has a DVD documentary called New Jack Hardcore: The History.
New Jack did a DVD interview with The Sandman (Jim Fullington) and Raven (Scott Levy) for Pro Wrestling Insider.
New Jack recently made his hip hop recording debut. He contributed several verses to indie rapper Duckman's new album Duckman for Presidente. An animated commercial for the album featuring a cartoon version of New Jack was recently released. New Jack's voice is featured in the commercial and he tells listeners to "buy the cd or I'll stab your ass". In the popular video game Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 the player can earn a call sign titled New Jack, referring to when he stabbed his opponent.[5][6][7]
New Jack has done several shoot interviews for RF Video. He also made a 2-disc shoot interview with Pro Wrestling Insider where he covered his entire career and starred in a couple of his matches.
In February 2012, a video surfaced on YouTube showing New Jack "shooting" on his opponent during an Indy match. New Jack had apparently told his short-haired opponent to take a pin fall, so when he kicked out of the pin by New Jack's long-haired cohort, out of perceived disrespect New Jack gave an unprotected chair shot directly to his opponent as he was being held back by the cohort. He then spills out of the ring, seemingly knocked out cold. Fans begin to realize something is wrong and call for the match as New Jack's cohort breaks kayfabe to check on him while blood begins to pool from his head. New Jack then picks him up and gives him stiff back shots as they go to the back.
In wrestling[link]
- Finishing moves
- 187 (Diving elbow drop while holding a steel chair underneath his arm)
- Death Valley driver
- Diving splash usually perform from a high place E.g. scaffold
- Signature moves
- Airplane spin
- Diving headbutt
- Guitar shot
- Various weapon shots (most notably using his signature staple gun)
- Nicknames
- "The Original Gangsta"
Championships and accomplishments[link]
- Extreme Championship Wrestling
- ECW World Tag Team Championship (3 times) - with Mustafa Saed (2) and John Kronus (1)
- North Georgia Wrestling Association
- NGWA Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
- NGWA Tag Team Championship (2 times) - with Festus and Mustafa Saed[8]
- Smoky Mountain Wrestling
- SMW Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Mustafa Saed
- Pro Wrestling Illustrated
- PWI ranked him #386 of the 500 best singles wrestlers of the PWI Years in 2003.
- Legends Pro Wrestling
- XWF/LPW Hall of Fame Inductee- Class 2008 (2/22/08)
References[link]
- ^ The Danbury Fall.
- ^ New Jack attacks Gypsy Joe, Wrestling Gone Wrong, http://www.wrestlinggonewrong.com/video/newjack_gypsyjoe.html, retrieved 2008-06-15
- ^ http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Wrestling/2004/10/13/666496.html
- ^ Caldwell, James (2010-08-08). "Caldwell's TNA Hardcore Justice PPV results 8/8: Ongoing "virtual time" coverage of ECW-themed PPV headlined by RVD vs. Sabu". Pro Wrestling Torch. http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/tnappvs/article_42979.shtml. Retrieved 2010-08-08.
- ^ http://www.inyourheadonline.com/viewnews.php?autoid=1814
- ^ http://www.wrestlezone.com/indyzone.php?articleid=231179990
- ^ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=td7ysJpkq1M&eurl=http://inyourheadboard.proboards27.com/index.cgi?board=voices&action=display&thread=15099&feature=player_embedded
- ^ Royal Duncan & Gary Will (4th Edition 2000). Wrestling Title Histories. Archeus Communications. ISBN 0-9698161-5-4.
External links[link]
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Jack, New |
| Alternative names | Young, Jerome (real name) |
| Short description | Professional wrestler |
| Date of birth | January 3, 1963 |
| Place of birth | Atlanta, Georgia |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/New_Jack
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/New Jack
http://es.wn.com/New Jack
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jack
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about the Portuguese footballer. For the Brazilian footballer, see Ronaldo. For other people named Ronaldo, see Ronaldo (name).
"CR7" redirects here. For other uses, see CR7 (disambiguation).
This name uses Portuguese naming customs. The first or maternal family name is dos Santos and the second or paternal family name is Aveiro.
 Ronaldo playing for Real Madrid |
|||
| Personal information | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Full name | Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro | ||
| Date of birth | (1985-02-05) 5 February 1985 (age 27) | ||
| Place of birth | Funchal, Madeira, Portugal | ||
| Height | 1.86 m (6 ft 1 in)[1] | ||
| Playing position | Forward | ||
| Club information | |||
| Current club | Real Madrid | ||
| Number | 7 | ||
| Youth career | |||
| 1993–1995 | Andorinha | ||
| 1995–1997 | Nacional | ||
| 1997–2002 | Sporting CP | ||
| Senior career* | |||
| Years | Team | Apps† | (Gls)† |
| 2002–2003 | Sporting CP | 25 | (3) |
| 2003–2009 | Manchester United | 196 | (84) |
| 2009– | Real Madrid | 101 | (112) |
| National team‡ | |||
| 2001–2002 | Portugal U17 | 9 | (6) |
| 2003 | Portugal U20 | 5 | (1) |
| 2002–2003 | Portugal U21 | 6 | (3) |
| 2004 | Portugal U23 | 3 | (1) |
| 2003– | Portugal | 89 | (32) |
| * Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only and correct as of 19:00, 13 May 2012 (UTC). † Appearances (Goals). |
|||
Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro,[2] OIH, (born 5 February 1985),[3] commonly known as Cristiano Ronaldo, is a Portuguese footballer who plays as a winger or striker for Spanish La Liga club Real Madrid and is the captain of the Portuguese national team. Ronaldo became the most expensive footballer in history after moving from Manchester United to Real Madrid in a transfer worth £80 million (€93.9 million/$131.6 million). In addition, his contract with Real Madrid, in which he is paid €12 million per year, makes him one of the highest-paid footballers in the world,[4] and his buyout clause is valued at €1 billion as per his contract.[5]
Ronaldo began his career as a youth player for Andorinha, where he played for two years, before moving to C.D. Nacional. In 1997, he made a move to Portuguese giants Sporting Clube de Portugal. Ronaldo's precocious talent caught the attention of Manchester United manager Alex Ferguson, who signed him for £12.24 million (€15 million) in 2003. The following season, Ronaldo won his first club honour, the FA Cup. He also played at Euro 2004 with Portugal and scored his first international goal in the opening game of the tournament against Greece, in addition to helping Portugal reach the final. He was featured in the UEFA Euro All-Star Team of this competition.
Ronaldo was the first player to win all four main PFA and FWA awards, doing so in 2007. He was third in the 2007 FIFA World Player of the Year award and second in the 2007 Ballon d'Or award. In 2008, Ronaldo won the Champions League with United, was named best forward and player of the tournament and was the competition's top goalscorer as well as winning the European Golden Shoe, becoming the first winger to do so, and topping the Premier League Golden Boot award. He won three of the four main PFA and FWA trophies, only missing the PFA Young Player of the Year, and was named the FIFPro, World Soccer, Onze d'Or,[6][7][8] and the FIFA World Player of the Year, in addition to becoming Manchester United's first Ballon d'Or winner in 40 years.[9] Ronaldo holds the distinction of being the first player to win the FIFA Puskás Award, in 2009, an honour handed by FIFA to the best goal of the year. He scored that goal from 40 yards out against Porto in a UEFA Champions League quarter-final match, while playing for Manchester United.[10] Three-time Ballon d'Or winner Johan Cruyff said in an interview on 2 April 2008, "Ronaldo is better than George Best and Denis Law, who were two brilliant and great players in the history of United."[11] He was second in the 2009 FIFA World Player of the Year award and also second in the 2009 Ballon d'Or award.
After moving to Real Madrid in 2009, in his second season, Ronaldo became the highest goalscorer in a season in the history of Real Madrid with 53 goals, surpassing the club's previous high of 49 by Ferenc Puskás. During this season Ronaldo broke the record of most goals ever scored in a season in La Liga with 40, surpassing Telmo Zarra's and Hugo Sánchez's mark (38 goals) established in 1951 and 1990, respectively. Ronaldo also broke Zarra's record of most goals per minute, with a goal scored every 70.7 minutes. The newspaper Marca, the official deliverer of the Pichichi Trophy (the top La Liga goalscorer award), claimed that Ronaldo scored 41 goals (Marca assigned one more goal to Ronaldo than La Liga, which attributed it to Pepe). By doing so, he won the European Golden Shoe award once again, becoming the first player to win the trophy in two different championships. He was third in the 2010–11 UEFA Best Player in Europe Award and second in the 2011 FIFA Ballon d'Or. On 24 March 2012, with the first of two goals scored in the match against Real Sociedad, Ronaldo became the fastest La Liga player to score 100 goals in the league.[12] Ronaldo officially broke his previous record of 40 goals in a La Liga season in the 2011–12 season; by doing so, he became first player to reach 40 goals in a single season in two consecutive years in any of the top European leagues. On 13 May 2012, the last matchday, Ronaldo scored against Mallorca which made him the first player ever to score against every team in a single season in La Liga.[13] He finished the season with 60 goals in every competition, breaking the Real Madrid record he had set the previous season.
Ronaldo has been described as a skillful winger who will take on any defender with his dribbling and pace; he hits his free kicks with power and pace, and is able to beat defenders off the dribble and cross the ball. He is able to score with his head and feet.[14]
Contents |
Early life[link]
Ronaldo was born in Santo António, a neighbourhood of Funchal, Madeira, the youngest child of Maria Dolores dos Santos Aveiro, a cook, and José Dinis Aveiro, a municipal gardener.[15] His second given name "Ronaldo" was chosen after then-U.S. president Ronald Reagan, who was his father's favourite actor. He has one older brother, Hugo, and two older sisters, Elma and Liliana Cátia.[3] His great-grandmother Isabel da Piedade was from Cape Verde.[16]
Club career[link]
Early career[link]
At the age of eight, Ronaldo played for amateur team Andorinha, where his father was the kit man. In 1995, Ronaldo signed with local club Nacional, and, after a title-winning campaign, he went on a three-day trial with Sporting CP, who subsequently signed him for an undisclosed sum.[17]
Sporting Clube de Portugal[link]
Ronaldo joined Sporting's other youth players who trained at the Academia Sporting, the club's football academy, in Alcochete. He became the only player ever to play for Sporting's under-16, under-17, under-18, B-team, and the first team, all within one season.[18] He scored two goals in his league debut on 7 October 2002, which Sporting CP won 3–0 against Moreirense, while featuring for Portugal in the 2002 European Under-17 Championship.[19]
At the age of 15 Ronaldo was diagnosed with a racing heart, a condition that might have forced him to give up playing football. The Sporting staff were made aware of the condition and Ronaldo's mother gave her authorisation for him to go into hospital. While there, he had an operation in which a laser was used to cauterise the area of his heart that was causing the problem. The surgery took place in the morning and Ronaldo was discharged from hospital by the end of the afternoon; he resumed training only a few days later.[20]
In November 2002, Ronaldo was invited to Arsenal's training ground, London Colney to meet manager Arsène Wenger and his coaching staff.[21] Wenger, who was interested in signing the midfielder had arranged to meet Ronaldo's representatives, Formation (who suggested the player originally to Gérard Houllier, then Liverpool's manager) in the subsequent months to discuss a transfer arrangement.[22] However he came to the attention of Manchester United manager Alex Ferguson in the summer of 2003, when Sporting defeated United 3–1 in the inauguration of the Estádio José Alvalade in Lisbon. Ronaldo's performance impressed the Manchester United players, who urged Ferguson to sign him.[23]
Manchester United[link]
2003–2006[link]
Ronaldo became Manchester United's first-ever Portuguese player when he signed for €15 million[24] (£12.24 million) after the 2002–03 season.[25] He requested the number 28 (his number at Sporting), as he did not want the pressure of living up to the expectation linked to the number 7 shirt, which had previously been worn by players such as George Best, Bryan Robson, Eric Cantona, and David Beckham. "After I joined, the manager asked me what number I'd like. I said 28. But Ferguson said 'No, you're going to have No. 7,' and the famous shirt was an extra source of motivation. I was forced to live up to such an honour."[26]
Ronaldo made his team debut as a 60th-minute substitute in a 4–0 home victory over Bolton Wanderers. He scored his first goal for Manchester United with a free kick in a 3–0 win over Portsmouth on 1 November 2003. Ronaldo ended his first season in English football by scoring the opening goal in United's 3–0 FA Cup final victory over Millwall.[27]
He scored United's 1000th Premier League goal on 29 October 2005 in a 4–1 loss to Middlesbrough.[28] He scored ten goals in all competitions, and fans voted him to his first FIFPro Special Young Player of the Year award in 2005.
He was sent off in the Manchester derby at the City of Manchester Stadium on 14 January 2006 (a game which United lost 3–1) for kicking City's former United player Andrew Cole.[29]
Ronaldo won his second trophy in English football in the 2005–06 season, scoring the third goal in Manchester United's 4–0 Football League Cup final victory over Wigan Athletic.[30]
2006–2009[link]
The 2006–2007 season proved to be the breakout year for Ronaldo, as he broke the 20 goal barrier for the first time and picked up his first league title with Manchester United.
In November and December 2006, Ronaldo received consecutive Barclays Player of the Month honours, becoming only the third player in Premier League history to do so after Dennis Bergkamp in 1997 and Robbie Fowler in 1996.[31][32] He scored his 50th Manchester United goal against city rivals Manchester City on 5 May 2007 as United claimed their first Premier League title in four years, and he was voted into his second consecutive FIFPro Special Young Player of the Year award at the end of the year.
Despite rumours circulating in March 2007 that Real Madrid were willing to pay an unprecedented €80 million (£54 million) for Ronaldo,[33] he signed a five-year, £120,000-a-week (£31 million total) extension with United on 13 April, making him the highest-paid player in team history.[34][35]
Ronaldo amassed a host of personal awards for the season. He won the PFA Players' Player of the Year and PFA Young Player of the Year awards, joining Andy Gray (in 1977) as the only players to receive this honour.[36] In April, he completed the treble by winning the PFA Fans' Player of the Year. Ronaldo was also one of eight Manchester United players named in the 2006–07 PFA Premier League Team of the Year.
Ronaldo's 2007–08 season began with a red card for a headbutt on Portsmouth player Richard Hughes during United's second match of the season, for which he was punished with a three-match ban.[37] Ronaldo said he had "learned a lot" from the experience and would not let players "provoke" him in the future.[38] After scoring the only goal in a Champions League away match against Sporting, Ronaldo also scored the injury-time winner in the return fixture as Manchester United topped their Champions League group.[39]
He finished as the runner-up to Kaká for the 2007 Ballon d'Or,[40] and was third in the running for the FIFA World Player of the Year award, behind Kaká and Lionel Messi.[41]
Ronaldo scored his first hat trick for Manchester United in a 6–0 win against Newcastle United at Old Trafford on 12 January 2008, bringing Manchester United up to the top of the Premier League table.[42] He scored his twenty-third league goal of the season in a 2–0 win against Reading, equalling his entire total for the 2006–07 season.[43] During a 1–1 Champions League first knockout round draw against Lyon on 20 February, an unidentified Lyon supporter continuously aimed a green laser at Ronaldo and United teammate Nani, prompting an investigation by UEFA.[44] One month later, Lyon were fined CHF5,000 (£2,427) for the incident.[45]
On 19 March 2008, Ronaldo captained United for the first time in his career in a home win over Bolton, scoring both goals in the 2–0 victory.[46] The second of the goals was his 33rd of the campaign, which set a new club single-season scoring record by a midfielder and thus topped George Best's forty-year-old total of 32 goals in the 1967–68 season.[47] Ronaldo scored another brace in a 4–0 win over Aston Villa on 29 March, which at the time gave him 35 goals in 37 domestic and European matches as both a starter and substitute. Ronaldo's scoring streak was rewarded with his becoming the first winger to win the 2007–08 European Golden Shoe, finishing eight points ahead of Mallorca's Dani Güiza.[48]
In the 2007–08 Champions League final on 21 May against league rivals Chelsea, Ronaldo scored the opening goal after 26 minutes, which was negated by a Chelsea equaliser in the 45th minute as the match ended 1–1 after extra time. His misfire in the penalty shoot-out put Chelsea in position to win the trophy, but John Terry shot wide right after slipping on the pitch surface, and Manchester United emerged victorious 6–5 on penalties. Ronaldo was named the UEFA Fans' Man of the Match,[49] and wrapped up the campaign with a career-high 42 goals in all competitions, falling four short of Denis Law's team-record mark of 46 in the 1963–64 season.
On 5 June 2008, Sky Sports reported that Ronaldo had expressed an interest in moving to Real Madrid if they offered him the same amount of money the team had allegedly promised him earlier in the year.[50] Manchester United filed a tampering complaint with FIFA on 9 June over Madrid's alleged pursuit of Ronaldo, but FIFA declined to take any action.[51][52] Speculation that a transfer would happen continued until 6 August, when Ronaldo confirmed that he would stay at United for at least another year.[53]
Ronaldo underwent ankle surgery at the Academic Medical Center in Amsterdam on 7 July.[54] He returned to action on 17 September in United's UEFA Champions League goalless group-stage draw with Villarreal as a substitute for Park Ji-Sung,[55] and scored his first overall goal of the season in a 3–1 League Cup third round win over Middlesbrough on 24 September.
In a 5–0 win over Stoke City on 15 November 2008, Ronaldo scored his 100th and 101st goals in all competitions for Manchester United, both from free kicks.[56] The goals also meant that Ronaldo had now scored against each of the other 19 teams in the Premier League at the time.[57] On 2 December, Ronaldo became Manchester United's first Ballon d'Or recipient since George Best in 1968. He finished with 446 points, 165 ahead of runner-up Lionel Messi.[58] He was awarded the Silver Ball after finishing with two goals as United won the Club World Cup on 19 December.[59]
On 8 January 2009, Ronaldo was uninjured in a single-car accident in which he wrote off his Ferrari 599 GTB Fiorano in a tunnel along the A538 near Manchester Airport. A breathalyser test he gave to police officers at the scene was negative, and he attended training later that morning.[60] Four days later, he became the first Premier League player ever to be named the FIFA World Player of the Year, in addition to being the first Portuguese player to win the award since Luís Figo in 2001.[61]
Ronaldo scored his first Champions League goal of the season, and first since the final against Chelsea, in a 2–0 victory over Internazionale that sent United into the quarter-finals.[62] In the second leg against Porto, Ronaldo scored a 40-yard game-winning goal as United advanced to the semi-finals. He later called it the best goal he had ever scored.[63][64] Ronaldo participated in his second consecutive Champions League final, but made little impact in United's 2–0 loss to Barcelona. He finished with 53 appearances in all competitions, which was four higher than the previous year, but scored sixteen fewer goals (26) than his career-best total of 42 from the previous season.
On 11 June, Manchester United accepted an unconditional offer of £80 million from Real Madrid for Ronaldo after it was revealed that he again had expressed his desire to leave the club.[65] It was confirmed by a representative of the Glazer family that the sale was fully condoned by Ferguson.[66] When Ronaldo had eventually completed his transfer to Real, he expressed his gratitude towards Ferguson for helping him develop as a player, saying, "He's been my father in sport, one of the most important factors and most influential in my career."[67]
Real Madrid[link]
2009–10 season[link]
On 26 June 2009, Real Madrid confirmed that Ronaldo would join the club on 1 July 2009 from Manchester United for £80 million (€93.9 million/$131.6 million),[68] after agreeing terms and signing a six-year contract.[69] Ronaldo's contract is worth €11 million per year[4] and it has a €1 billion buy-out clause.[70] He was presented to the world media as a Real Madrid player on 6 July,[71] where he was handed the number 9 jersey.[72] The shirt was presented to him by Madrid legend Alfredo Di Stéfano.[73] Ronaldo was welcomed by 80,000 fans at his presentation at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium, surpassing Diego Maradona's record of 75,000 fans when he was presented in Italy, after he was transferred from Barcelona to Napoli in 1984.[74]
Ronaldo made his Madrid debut on 21 July in a 1–0 win over Shamrock Rovers. His first goal came one week later with a penalty in Madrid's 4–2 win over LDU Quito.[75] On 29 August, Ronaldo capped his La Liga debut with a goal, scoring Real's second from the penalty spot in a 3–2 home win against Deportivo La Coruña.[76] On 15 September, Ronaldo scored two free-kicks in a 5–2 away victory over Zürich, his first Champions League goals for Real.[77] He broke a Madrid club record when he scored in a league match against Villarreal and thus became the first ever player to score in his first four La Liga appearances.[78]
An ankle injury suffered on 10 October, while Ronaldo was on international duty with Portugal against Hungary,[79] kept him out until 25 November, which in turn caused him to miss both of Madrid's Champions League group stage matches against Milan. Ronaldo made his first post-injury start in a 1–0 El Clásico defeat to Barcelona on 29 November. On 6 December, he was sent off for the first time in his Madrid career in Madrid's 4–2 victory against Almería, a match which also saw him miss a penalty. He was carded first for removing his shirt during a goal celebration, then for kicking out at an opponent three minutes later.[80] On 5 May 2010 Ronaldo scored his first Real Madrid hat-trick in an away game against Mallorca. Ronaldo and Gonzalo Higuaín scored 53 league goals during the course of the season and became Real's highest scoring league duo in their history.[81]
2010–11 season[link]
With the departure of Raúl during the summer of 2010, Ronaldo was handed the No. 7 jersey for Real Madrid.[82] On 23 October 2010, Ronaldo scored four goals against Racing de Santander,[83] the most goals he has ever scored in a single match.[84] This completed a goalscoring run of six consecutive matches (three in La Liga, one in the Champions League, and two for Portugal) in which Ronaldo scored in each match, totalling 11 goals, which is the most Ronaldo has scored in a single month. Before Real Madrid's 5–0 defeat by Barcelona at the Camp Nou, Ronaldo scored his second La Liga hat-trick of the season in a 5–1 win over Athletic Bilbao.[85] His final match of the calendar year saw him score a hat-trick in a 8–0 trashing of Levante in the Copa del Rey.[86]
Ronaldo began the 2011 with a very promising outlook, especially after Real Madrid acknowledged he had broken numerous goalscoring records, previously settled and held by classic players such as Alfredo Di Stéfano, Hugo Sánchez, and Manuel Alday.[87][88] Ronaldo began his scoring spree by scoring two vital goals in a tight 3–2 victory away to Getafe.[89] He then consolidated his massive performances by scoring a hat-trick and assisting Kaká to score his first league goal after his return from injury, in a 4–2 victory over Villarreal on 9 January. One game away from the middle of the season, Ronaldo had a very clear chance of breaking Telmo Zarra's and Hugo Sánchez's record of 38 League goals in a single season, since he was the league's top scorer with 22 goals, above Lionel Messi.[90][91] However, shortly after, Ronaldo experienced the biggest goal drought in his entire career, scoring only 2 goals in more than a month. During this period, Real Madrid acknowledged to have hit the crossbar more than 12 times in the season, most of the shots belonging to Ronaldo and almost all having happened during crucial moments in drawn matches.[92] Ronaldo then made a massive comeback by scoring a hat-trick in a 7–0 trashing of Málaga on 3 March 2011, but was affected by a muscle injury at the end of the match, which forced him to spend 10 days on the sidelines.
In April he made another massive comeback from injury, sustaining a three-game scoring streak (including 2 goals in Champions League quarter-finals against Tottenham Hotspur), thus arriving to the first of a historical series of four El Clásico encounters two goals short of breaking his personal record of 42 goals in all competitions in a single season, achieved at Manchester United in the 2007–08 season.
During the second league edition of El Clásico, Ronaldo scored from the penalty spot and took his tally to 41 goals, also taking his scoring streak to four games. On 20 April, Ronaldo scored the winning goal against Barcelona in the 103rd minute of the Copa del Rey final.[93] This goal would later be chosen as both Ronaldo's and Real Madrid's best goal in the season by several fan polls, including those of Marca[94] and Real Madrid's website.[95] 7 May saw Real travel to the Ramón Sánchez Pizjuán to take on Sevilla, where Ronaldo led the thrashing of a woeful Andalusian side, scoring four goals in a 6–2 victory. These four goals took him to 46 for the season which surpassed his previous record of 42 in a season playing for Manchester United.[96] Three days later he reached 49 goals for the season, by scoring another hat-trick in a 4–0 home win against Getafe. On 15 May, after scoring two free-kick goals in a 3–1 win over Villarreal, he equalled the La Liga record with most goals in a season with 38, a record previously held by Telmo Zarra and Hugo Sánchez.
On 21 May, he scored two goals in the last league match of the season against Almería, taking his Pichichi total to 41, and La Liga total to 40, becoming the first and only player to score 40 goals in a La Liga season. By doing this, he won the European Golden Shoe award once again, becoming the first player to win the trophy in two different leagues. The sports newspaper Marca, who awards the Pichichi Trophy, included the goal scored on 18 September 2010 against Real Sociedad in Ronaldo's goal count, which had been officially attributed to Pepe.[97] Should this goal be granted to Ronaldo, his goal count in the Pichichi Trophy would tally 41 goals. However, regardless of this goal polemic, Ronaldo's record-breaking figures became a source of major attention from public media, such as being included in the Sports Illustrated World XI,[98] rating him as one of the world's best footballers. Accounting for all competitions, Ronaldo ended the season with a total of 53 goals (not granting him the controversial goal from Pepe), having scored 25 goals with his right foot (excluding free-kicks and penalty-kicks) and 9 with his left foot.[99]
2011–12 season[link]
Real Madrid's pre-season began with a 4–1 victory over MLS team Los Angeles Galaxy,[100] with goals from Callejón, Joselu, Ronaldo, and Benzema.[101] Four days later Ronaldo scored a second half hat-trick in a 3–0 win against Guadalajara. Ronaldo's preseason performance was highly praised as world media kept hailing Ronaldo's extreme competitiveness and motivation, even during friendly matches. On 17 August 2011, Ronaldo scored his 100th goal with Real Madrid with a first-half equalizer against Barcelona in the second leg of the 2011 Spanish Supercup in the Camp Nou. On August 27, 2011, he opened the 2011–12 La Liga season with a hat-trick in a 6–0 win at Real Zaragoza.
In the first weeks of September, Ronaldo's physical performance was subject to scrutiny by world media, after Castrol released a television film named Ronaldo: Tested to the Limit where he was put to test in several fields, including mental and physical. Conclusions from the movie and doctors in the weeks following claimed that Ronaldo was one of the best athletes in the world, excelling in football and outstanding in almost every other category.[citation needed] Several sources[weasel words] drew comparisons between him and other top athletes, including sprinter Usain Bolt.[citation needed] On 24 September, Ronaldo scored a hat-trick (including two penalties) in Real Madrid's 6–2 win over Rayo Vallecano at the Santiago Bernabéu. This was his ninth La Liga hat-trick and tenth hat-trick for Real Madrid. On September 27, Ronaldo scored Real's opening goal in a 3–0 defeat of Ajax in the Champions League. On 22 October, after not scoring in his previous three games, Ronaldo scored his tenth La Liga hat-trick and eleventh in total for Real Madrid in a match away to Málaga, which Real Madrid won 4–0. His twelfth Real Madrid hat-trick followed on 6 November, in a 7–1 victory over Osasuna that ensured Madrid stayed top of the table heading into the international break.[102] On 19 November 2011, Ronaldo scored Real's second goal in a 2–3 defeat of Valencia. On 26 November 2011, Ronaldo scored two penalties in a 4–1 defeat of Atlético Madrid in the El Derbi madrileño. On 3 December 2011, Ronaldo scored Madrid's second goal in a 0–3 defeat of Sporting de Gijón in La Liga. He was one of the three finalists for the 2011 FIFA Ballon d'Or. On 13 December 2011, Ronaldo scored the second goal against SD Ponferradina in the first leg of the Copa del Rey Round 4, the match ended in a 0–2 win. On 17 December 2011, Ronaldo scored his twelfth La Liga hat-trick and thirteenth overall in a 6–2 win away to Sevilla. Ronaldo was third in the 2010–11 UEFA Best Player in Europe Award, behind Lionel Messi and Xavi Hernández, and second in the 2011 FIFA Ballon d'Or, behind Lionel Messi and ahead of Xavi Hernández. In Real Madrid's next game in La Liga at home to Granada Ronaldo scored the fifth goal in a 5–1 win. He was notably criticized in the public media[who?] for not celebrating the goal. On 22 January 2012, Ronaldo scored two penalties in a 4–1 win over Athletic Bilbao, and on 28 January scored Real Madrid's second and winning goal in a 3–1 win against Zaragoza. Ronaldo also scored two goals against Barcelona in the Copa del Rey Quarter-finals, which Real lost 4–3 on aggregrate. On 12 February 2012, Ronaldo scored a hat-trick, his thirteenth in La Liga and fourteenth for Real Madrid, in a 4–2 home win over Levante. This win stretched Real Madrid's lead over second-placed Barcelona to 10 points. On 24 March 2012, Ronaldo reached more than 100 goals in La Liga in just three season at Real Madrid. As of March 24, 2012, Ronaldo had averaged 1.01 goals per game in La Liga.
On 11 April, Ronaldo scored a hat-trick against Atletico Madrid in a 1–4 win, as well as assisting the last goal. His hat-trick, one goal from a free kick, one from 30 yards on the left wing and one penalty, gave him 40 league goals in the season, making him the only player in La Liga history to score 40 goals in two seasons, even doing so in consecutive seasons. Ronaldo officially broke his previous record of 40 goals in a La Liga season on 14 April, scoring in a 3–1 win against Sporting Gijón.
International career[link]
Ronaldo earned his first cap for Portugal in a 1–0 victory against Kazakhstan on 20 August 2003.[103]
Euro 2004[link]
Ronaldo was called up for Euro 2004,[104] scoring in a 2–1 group stage loss to eventual champions Greece[105] and in a 2–1 semi-final win over the Netherlands.[106] He was named in the team of the tournament despite finishing with only two goals.[107] He also represented Portugal at the 2004 Summer Olympics.[108][109]
2006 World Cup[link]
Ronaldo was the second-highest scorer in FIFA World Cup qualification in the European zone with seven goals,[107] and scored his first World Cup goal against Iran with a penalty kick.[110]
During a quarter-final match against England on 1 July 2006, Ronaldo's United teammate Wayne Rooney was sent off for stamping on Portugal defender Ricardo Carvalho. The English media speculated that Ronaldo had influenced referee Horacio Elizondo's decision by aggressively complaining, after which he was seen in replays winking at the Portuguese bench following Rooney's dismissal. After the match, Ronaldo insisted that Rooney was a friend and that he was not pushing for Rooney to be sent off.[111] On 4 July, Elizondo clarified that the red card was due to Rooney's infraction and not the fracas between Rooney and Ronaldo that followed.[112]
The angry reaction from the English press caused Ronaldo to consider leaving United,[113] and he allegedly told Spanish sports daily Marca that he wished to move to Real Madrid.[114] In response to the speculation, Ferguson sent Portuguese assistant manager Carlos Queiroz to speak to Ronaldo in attempt to change his mind, a sentiment that was shared by Rooney.[115][116] Ronaldo stayed, and signed his new five-year extension in April 2007.[117]
Ronaldo was booed during Portugal's semi-final defeat to France,[118] and missed out on the competition's Best Young Player award due to a negative e-mail campaign from England fans.[119] Though the online vote only affected the nomination process, FIFA's Technical Study Group awarded the honour to Germany's Lukas Podolski, citing Ronaldo's behaviour as a factor in the decision.[120]
Post-World Cup[link]
One day after his 22nd birthday, Ronaldo captained Portugal for the first time in a friendly against Brazil on 6 February 2007.[121] This move was in honour of Portuguese Football Federation president Carlos Silva, who had died two days earlier. Portugal coach Luiz Felipe Scolari explained, "Mr. Silva asked me to make [Ronaldo] captain as a gesture... [he] is too young to be captain, but Mr. Silva asked me, and now he is no longer with us."[122]
Euro 2008[link]
Ronaldo scored eight goals in Portugal's UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying campaign,[123] behind Poland's Ebi Smolarek, but finished with only one goal in the tournament as Portugal were eliminated in the quarter-finals by Germany.[124] When Carlos Queiroz was named Portugal's new coach in July 2008,[125] he appointed Ronaldo as team captain.[126]
2010 World Cup[link]
On 15 June 2010, in Portugal's opening World Cup match against Côte d'Ivoire, Ronaldo was tackled by right-back Guy Demel, which led to an argument and both being booked. The next day, Portugal contacted FIFA to suggest that Ronaldo's yellow card be rescinded since he was "pulled into" the confrontation after having already moved away from the spot where he was tackled, but the appeal was rejected.[127]
Ronaldo failed to make an impact in the World Cup; after going scoreless in the qualifiers, his only goal came in Portugal's 7–0 group stage thrashing of North Korea on 21 June,[128] which marked his first international goal in 16 months.[129] Portugal were ultimately eliminated by Spain in the Round of 16.
International goals[link]
| Goal | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12 June 2004 | Estádio do Dragão, Porto, Portugal |  Greece |
1–2 | 1–2 | Euro 2004 |
| 2 | 30 June 2004 | Estádio José Alvalade, Lisbon, Portugal |  Netherlands |
2–0 | 2–1 | Euro 2004 |
| 3 | 4 September 2004 | Skonto Stadium, Riga, Latvia |  Latvia |
0–1 | 0–2 | 2006 World Cup Qualification |
| 4 | 8 September 2004 | Estádio Dr. Magalhães Pessoa, Leiria, Portugal |  Estonia |
1–0 | 4–0 | 2006 World Cup Qualification |
| 5 | 13 October 2004 | Estádio José Alvalade, Lisbon, Portugal |  Russia |
2–0 | 7–1 | 2006 World Cup Qualification |
| 6 | 13 October 2004 | Estádio José Alvalade, Lisbon, Portugal | Russia |
4–0 | 7–1 | 2006 World Cup Qualification |
| 7 | 17 November 2004 | Stade Josy Barthel, Luxemburg City, Luxembourg |  Luxembourg |
0–2 | 0–5 | 2006 World Cup Qualification |
| 8 | 4 June 2005 | Estádio da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal |  Slovakia |
2–0 | 2–0 | 2006 World Cup Qualification |
| 9 | 8 June 2005 | A. Le Coq Arena, Tallinn, Estonia | Estonia |
0–1 | 0–1 | 2006 World Cup Qualification |
| 10 | 1 March 2006 | LTU Arena, Düsseldorf, Germany |  Saudi Arabia |
0–1 | 0–3 | Friendly |
| 11 | 1 March 2006 | LTU Arena, Düsseldorf, Germany | Saudi Arabia |
0–3 | 0–3 | Friendly |
| 12 | 17 June 2006 | Waldstadion, Frankfurt, Germany |  Iran |
2–0 | 2–0 | 2006 World Cup |
| 13 | 7 October 2006 | Estádio do Bessa, Porto, Portugal |  Azerbaijan |
1–0 | 3–0 | Euro 2008 Qualification |
| 14 | 7 October 2006 | Estádio do Bessa, Porto, Portugal | Azerbaijan |
3–0 | 3–0 | Euro 2008 Qualification |
| 15 | 15 November 2006 | Estádio Cidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal |  Kazakhstan |
2–0 | 3–0 | Euro 2008 Qualification |
| 16 | 24 March 2007 | Estádio José Alvalade, Lisbon, Portugal |  Belgium |
2–0 | 4–0 | Euro 2008 Qualification |
| 17 | 24 March 2007 | Estádio José Alvalade, Lisbon, Portugal | Belgium |
4–0 | 4–0 | Euro 2008 Qualification |
| 18 | 22 August 2007 | Hanrapetakan Stadium, Yerevan, Armenia |  Armenia |
1–1 | 1–1 | Euro 2008 Qualification |
| 19 | 8 September 2007 | Estádio da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal |  Poland |
2–1 | 2–2 | Euro 2008 Qualification |
| 20 | 17 October 2007 | Almaty Central Stadium, Almaty, Kazakhstan | Kazakhstan |
0–2 | 1–2 | Euro 2008 Qualification |
| 21 | 11 June 2008 | Stade de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland |  Czech Republic |
1–2 | 1–3 | Euro 2008 |
| 22 | 11 February 2009 | Estádio Algarve, Faro, Portugal |  Finland |
1–0 | 1–0 | Friendly |
| 23 | 21 June 2010 | Cape Town Stadium, Cape Town, South Africa |  North Korea |
6–0 | 7–0 | 2010 World Cup |
| 24 | 8 October 2010 | Estádio do Dragão, Porto, Portugal |  Denmark |
3–1 | 3–1 | Euro 2012 Qualification |
| 25 | 12 October 2010 | Laugardalsvöllur, Reykjavík, Iceland |  Iceland |
0–1 | 1–3 | Euro 2012 Qualification |
| 26 | 9 February 2011 | Stade de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland |  Argentina |
1–1 | 2–1 | Friendly |
| 27 | 10 August 2011 | Estádio Algarve, Faro, Portugal | Luxembourg |
2–0 | 5–0 | Friendly |
| 28 | 2 September 2011 | GSP Stadium, Nicosia, Cyprus |  Cyprus |
0–1 | 0–4 | Euro 2012 Qualification |
| 29 | 2 September 2011 | GSP Stadium, Nicosia, Cyprus | Cyprus |
0–2 | 0–4 | Euro 2012 Qualification |
| 30 | 11 October 2011 | Parken Stadium, Copenhagen, Denmark | Denmark |
2–1 | 2–1 | Euro 2012 Qualification |
| 31 | 15 November 2011 | Estádio da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal |  Bosnia and Herzegovina |
1–0 | 6–2 | Euro 2012 Qualification |
| 32 | 15 November 2011 | Estádio da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
3–1 | 6–2 | Euro 2012 Qualification |
Personal life[link]
File:Cristiano Ronaldo 1002665.jpg
Ronaldo during his spell at Real Madrid.
Ronaldo's father, José Dinis Aveiro, died of an alcoholism-related liver condition in September 2005[130] at age 52 when Ronaldo was 20. Ronaldo's mother and Manchester United coach have stated that he does not drink alcohol as a result and he has received libel damages over a Daily Mirror article that reported him drinking heavily in a nightclub while recovering from an injury in July 2008.[131]
Ronaldo's autobiography, titled Moments, was published in December 2007.[132] Along with one of his sisters, Ronaldo opened a fashion boutique under the name "CR7" (his initials and shirt number).[133] There are currently two CR7 shop locations, both of which are in Portugal; one in Lisbon and the other in Madeira.
On 9 June 2010, Madame Tussauds London unveiled Ronaldo's waxwork as part of the build-up to the World Cup. Ronaldo joined fellow footballers Steven Gerrard, Pelé and David Beckham at the event's venue.[134]
Ronaldo announced that he had become a father on 3 July 2010. His official Facebook and Twitter pages reference the birth of his son and request privacy.[135] The child, named Cristiano[136] is in full custody of Ronaldo.[135]
In August 2010, Ronaldo reached 10 million fans on Facebook and in doing so made history by becoming the first non-American personality ever to achieve that kind of success on the social networking site.[137]
Ronaldo has previously dated English models Alice Goodwin[138] and Gemma Atkinson, and since the start of 2010, he has been dating Russian model Irina Shayk.[139]
On December 5, 2011, Cristiano launched an iPhone game called Heads Up with Cristiano. The game is created by developer RockLive.[140].
In 17 May 2012, Ronaldo and Castrol EDGE launched a live-streamed football challenge against fans through Facebook. #RonaldoLIVE would be the world's first interactive football challenge streamed live through Facebook from a state-of-the-art testing facility in Madrid.[141]
Philanthropy[link]
Television footage of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami showed an eight-year-old boy wearing a No. 7 Portuguese football jersey who was stranded for 19 days after his family was killed. Following this, Ronaldo visited Aceh, Indonesia, to raise funds for rehabilitation and reconstruction.[142][143]
In support of the victims of the 2010 Madeira flood, Ronaldo played in a charity match in Madeira between the Primeira Liga club FC Porto and players from Madeiran based clubs Marítimo and Nacional.[144]
Career statistics[link]
Club[link]
Statistics accurate as of 13 May 2012.
| Club | Season | League1 | Cup | League Cup | Europe | Other2 | Total | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | ||
| Sporting CP | 2002–03 | 25 | 3 | 3 | 2 | – | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 31 | 5 | |
| Total | 25 | 3 | 3 | 2 | – | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 31 | 5 | ||
| Manchester United | 2003–04 | 29 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 40 | 6 |
| 2004–05 | 33 | 5 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 9 | |
| 2005–06 | 33 | 9 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 8 | 1 | – | 47 | 12 | ||
| 2006–07 | 34 | 17 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 3 | – | 53 | 23 | ||
| 2007–08 | 34 | 31 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 49 | 42 | |
| 2008–09 | 33 | 18 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 12 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 53 | 26 | |
| Total | 196 | 84 | 26 | 13 | 12 | 4 | 55 | 16 | 3 | 1 | 292 | 118 | |
| Real Madrid | 2009–10 | 29 | 26 | 0 | 0 | – | 6 | 7 | – | 35 | 33 | ||
| 2010–11 | 34 | 40 | 8 | 7 | – | 12 | 6 | – | 54 | 53 | |||
| 2011–12 | 38 | 46 | 5 | 3 | – | 10 | 10 | 2 | 1 | 55 | 60 | ||
| Total | 101 | 112 | 13 | 10 | – | 28 | 23 | 2 | 1 | 144 | 146 | ||
| Career total | 322 | 199 | 42 | 25 | 12 | 4 | 86 | 39 | 5 | 2 | 467 | 269 | |
12010–11 season notice: Does not include one goal scored on 18 September 2010 against Real Sociedad. Marca, which awards the Pichichi Trophy, attribute it to Ronaldo while La Liga and UEFA attribute it to Pepe.[97]
2Includes other competitive competitions, including the Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira, FA Community Shield, UEFA Super Cup, FIFA Club World Cup and Supercopa de España.
International[link]
- As of 26 May 2012.[145]
| National team | Year | Apps | Goals |
|---|---|---|---|
| Portugal | 2003 | 2 | 0 |
| 2004 | 16 | 7 | |
| 2005 | 10 | 2 | |
| 2006 | 14 | 6 | |
| 2007 | 10 | 5 | |
| 2008 | 8 | 1 | |
| 2009 | 7 | 1 | |
| 2010 | 11 | 3 | |
| 2011 | 9 | 7 | |
| 2012 | 2 | 0 | |
| Total | 89 | 32 | |
Career totals[link]
,_Lionel_Messi_(R)_%E2%80%93_Portugal_vs._Argentina,_9th_February_2011_(1).jpg)
| Professional career totals | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Teams | Appearances | Goals | Goals per game |
| Clubs | 467 | 269 | 0.58 |
| National team | 089 | 032 | 0.36 |
| Olympic final | 003 | 001 | 0.33 |
| Total | 559 | 302 | 0.54 |
Statistics accurate as of match played 26 May 2012.
Honours[link]
- Manchester United
- Premier League (3): 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09
- FA Cup (1): 2003–04
- Football League Cup (2): 2005–06, 2008–09
- FA Community Shield (1): 2007
- UEFA Champions League (1): 2007–08
- FIFA Club World Cup (1): 2008
- Real Madrid
- La Liga (1): 2011–12
- Copa del Rey (1): 2010–11
Individual[link]
- UEFA Euro All-Star Team (1): 2004
- Bravo Award (1): 2004
- FIFPro Special Young Player of the Year (2): 2004, 2005
- Portuguese Footballer of the Year (6): 2006–07,2007–08,2008–09,2009–10,2010–11,2011–12
- UEFA Team of the Year (6): 2003–04, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09, 2009–10, 2010–11
- Sir Matt Busby Player of the Year (3): 2003–04, 2006–07, 2007–08
- FIFA FIFPro World XI (5): 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011
- PFA Young Player of the Year (1): 2006–07
- PFA Players' Player of the Year (2): 2006–07, 2007–08
- PFA Fans' Player of the Year (2): 2006–07, 2007–08
- PFA Premier League Team of the Year (4): 2005–06, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09
- FWA Footballer of the Year (2): 2006–07, 2007–08
- Barclays Player of the Year (2): 2006–07, 2007–08
- Premier League Player of the Month (4): November 2006, December 2006, January 2008, March 2008
- Premier League Golden Boot (1): 2007–08
- Barclays Merit Award (1): 2007–08
- UEFA Champions League Topscorer (1): 2007–08
- European Golden Shoe (2): 2007–08, 2010–11
- UEFA Club Forward of the Year (1): 2007–08
- UEFA Club Footballer of the Year (1): 2007–08
- FIFA Club World Cup Silver Ball (1): 2008
- Ballon d'Or (1): 2008
- FIFA World Player of the Year (1): 2008
- FIFPro World Player of the Year (1): 2008
- Onze d'Or (1): 2008
- World Soccer Player of the Year (1): 2008
- FIFA Puskás Award (1): 2009
- La Liga top scorer (1): 2010–11
Orders[link]
- Officer of the Order of Infante Dom Henrique
- Medal of Merit, Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa (House of Bragança)[146]
References[link]
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External links[link]
 |
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Cristiano Ronaldo |
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Cristiano Ronaldo |
- Official website
- Real Madrid official profile
- BDFutbol profile
- Cristiano Ronaldo at La Liga
- 2010 FIFA World Cup profile
- Cristiano Ronaldo at National-Football-Teams.com
- Cristiano Ronaldo – FIFA competition record
- Cristiano Ronaldo – UEFA competition record
- Transfermarkt profile
- Cristiano Ronaldo career stats at Soccerbase
- ESPN Profile
- Cristiano Ronaldo at the Internet Movie Database
- Profile at SoccerSurfer.com
- Cristiano Ronaldo on Playerhistory.com
| Sporting positions | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Nuno Gomes |
Portugal national football team captain 2008–present |
Succeeded by Incumbent |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Dos Santos Aveiro, Cristiano Ronaldo |
| Alternative names | Ronaldo, Cristiano |
| Short description | Portuguese footballer |
| Date of birth | 5 February 1985 |
| Place of birth | Funchal, Madeira, Portugal |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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