- published: 21 Dec 2006
- views: 1824091
- author: laprimavera
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- Above mean sea level
- Addingham
- Afforestation
- Aire Gap
- Airedale
- Appletreewick
- Arable land
- Aurochs
- Barnoldswick
- Baron
- Bedale
- Belted Galloway
- Bingley
- Biodiversity
- Black Death
- Blanket bog
- Blue greys
- Board of Agriculture
- Bolton by Bowland
- Bolton Priory
- Border Reivers
- Boroughbridge
- Bowland Forest
- Bracken
- British Summer Time
- Browsing (herbivory)
- Burnsall
- Burrow-with-Burrow
- Calderdale
- Catterick Garrison
- City of Bradford
- City of Leeds
- City of Wakefield
- Common land
- Communitas
- Cononley
- Constituent country
- Coppicing
- Cottongrass
- Craven
- Craven Fault
- Crop rotation
- Cross Hills
- Crossbreed
- Cumbria
- Cumbric
- Danegeld
- Daylight saving time
- Deanery
- Dick Whittington
- Districts of England
- Domesday Book
- Domestication
- Drove road
- Earby
- Earl of Craven
- Easingwold
- Ella Pontefract
- Eponym
- Equinox
- Ericaceae
- Eshton
- Eston
- Ewcross (wapentake)
- Farnhill
- Fells
- Filey
- Flint
- Forest of Bowland
- Forestry Commission
- Fountains Abbey
- Fulling
- Gargrave
- Garlic
- Giggleswick
- Gisburn
- Glusburn
- Goole
- Grassington
- Grazing
- Grazing rights
- Great Mitton
- Greenwich Mean Time
- Grindleton
- Guisborough
- Hambleton
- Hamlet (place)
- Harrogate
- Harrogate (borough)
- Hawes
- Haxby
- Hellifield
- Helmsley
- Henry VIII
- High Bentham
- Hill
- History of sheep
- Holstein cattle
- Hornby-with-Farleton
- Hundred Years' War
- Ice age
- Ice sheet
- Ilkley
- Indigenous (ecology)
- Ingleby Barwick
- Irish Sea
- ISO 3166-2 GB
- Juncus
- Keighley
- Kelbrook
- Kildwick
- Kilnsey
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- Kingston upon Hull
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- Kirklees
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- Lady Anne Clifford
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- Lithic analysis
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- Lonsdale (hundred)
- Low Bentham
- Malham
- Malham Tarn
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- North Lincolnshire
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- Northallerton
- Norton-on-Derwent
- Oakworth
- Oat
- Oatcake
- Oban
- ONS coding system
- Overgraze
- Palynology
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- Pateley Bridge
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- Pennines
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- Portal Yorkshire
- Pre-Celtic
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- Ramsons
- Redcar
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- Regions of England
- Ribble Valley
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- Richmondshire
- Ripon
- River Aire
- River Foss
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- River Ure
- River Wenning
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- Roger of Poitou
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- Ryedale
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- Sawley, Lancashire
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- Selby (district)
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A65 road
The A65 is a major road in England. It runs north west from Leeds in Yorkshire via Kirkstall, Horsforth, Yeadon, Guiseley, Ilkley and Skipton, passes west of Settle, then continues through Ingleton and Kirkby Lonsdale before terminating at Kendal in Cumbria.
Listed from south to north, beginning at Leeds:
The A65 between Long Preston and the M6 J36 has a poor safety record, according to EuroRAP. This 42 km stretch of single carriageway road suffered 48 fatal or serious injury accidents between 2002 and 2004. Indeed the road features in the list highest risk roads in Britain (excluding motorcycle accidents)
Coordinates: 53°59′34″N 2°09′53″W / 53.99276°N 2.16482°W / 53.99276; -2.16482
wn.com/A65_road -
Addingham
Coordinates: 53°56′00″N 1°53′00″W / 53.9333°N 1.8833°W / 53.9333; -1.8833
Addingham (formerly Haddincham c.972, Odingehem 1086) is a village and civil parish in the English county of West Yorkshire. It is situated on the A65, 3 miles (5 km) west of Ilkley, 15 miles (24 km) north west of Bradford and around 17 miles (27 km) north west of Leeds. It is located in the valley of the River Wharfe and is only 3 miles (5 km) from the Yorkshire Dales National Park. The name is thought to mean "homestead associated with a man called Adda", although in the Domesday Book, the village was referred to as "Ediham", which may have referred to Earl Edwin of Bolton Abbey. The 2001 census numbered Addingham's population at 3,599.
The area around Addingham is thought to have been populated from at least Bronze Age times, indicated by the 'cup and ring' carved stones that can be found on Addingham Moor. It's beginnings may date back to the late Mesolithic period, as evidenced by the scattered remains of early flint tools across Rombald's Moor to the south.
wn.com/Addingham -
Airedale
Coordinates: 54°01′01″N 1°27′54″W / 54.017°N 1.465°W / 54.017; -1.465
Airedale is a geographic area in Yorkshire, England, corresponding to the river valley of the River Aire (pronounced air). The valley stretches from the river's origin in Malham which is in the Yorkshire Dales, down past Keighley and Bingley, through Leeds and Castleford and on to join the Humber. This valley is the major cause of the Aire Gap, a pass of great topographic significance that provides a low-altitude pass through the Pennine chain.
Several things have taken their names from this area:
wn.com/Airedale -
Appletreewick
Coordinates: 54°02′15″N 1°55′31″W / 54.03758°N 1.92518°W / 54.03758; -1.92518
Appletreewick is a small village and civil parish in the Craven district of North Yorkshire, England; situated 12 miles (19 km) north-east of Skipton. The local travel links are located 7 miles (11 km) from the village to Skipton railway station and 16 miles (25.7 km) from Leeds Bradford International Airport. The village has a population of 234 according to the United Kingdom Census 2001.
It is in the Yorkshire Dales, located in northern England. A popular place for visitors especially in the summer months, people from nearby cities often visit Appletreewick to relax on the banks of the River Wharfe.
The parish includes a large area of moorland north of the village. It includes the hamlet of Skyreholme and a few houses at the western end of the village of Greenhow. The parish also includes Parcevall Hall, Stump Cross Caverns and the eastern part of Grimwith Reservoir.
The village prospered from the year 1300 when Bolton Priory acquired its manor with its extensive sheep ranges and valuable lead mines. Charters for markets and a fair were granted and the latter remained important until the impact of the railways in the mid 19th century. Stone houses line the steep, main street between High Hall at the top and Low Hall at the bottom. The Tudor-style High Hall was restored by Sir William Craven (known as Appletreewick's own "Dick Whittington") who became Sheriff and Lord Mayor of London at the beginning of the 17th century. Craven was born in a cottage almost opposite High Hall, one of a pair converted into St. Johns church. Lower down is Monks Hall, largely rebuilt in 1697 on the site of Bolton Priory's grange. The pub, the Craven Arms, was also owned by William and has much of the village history on display including a fully heather-thatched cruck barn to look round.
wn.com/Appletreewick -
Barnoldswick
Coordinates: 53°54′53″N 2°11′22″W / 53.9147°N 2.1895°W / 53.9147; -2.1895
Barnoldswick (colloquially known as Barlick) is a town and civil parish within the West Craven area of the Borough of Pendle in Lancashire, England just outside the Yorkshire Dales National Park and the Forest of Bowland Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The town is built in the shadow of Weets Hill, and Stock Beck, a tributary of the River Ribble runs through the town. It has a population of 10,859.
Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, and nestling on the lower slopes of Weets Hill in the Pennines astride the natural watershed between the Ribble and Aire valleys, Barnoldswick is the highest town on the Leeds and Liverpool Canal, lying as it does on the summit level of the canal between Barrowford Locks to the south west and Greenberfield Locks just north east of the town. It is approximately 30 miles (48 km) from the cities of Leeds, Manchester and Preston, and 27 miles (43 km) east southeast from the county town of Lancaster. Nearby towns include Clitheroe to the west, Nelson and Burnley to the south and Keighley to the east southeast.
wn.com/Barnoldswick -
Bedale
Coordinates: 54°17′00″N 1°35′00″W / 54.2833°N 1.5833°W / 54.2833; -1.5833
Bedale is a market town and civil parish in the district of Hambleton, North Yorkshire, England. It lies 34 miles (55 km) north of Leeds, 26 miles (42 km) southwest of Middlesbrough, and 7 miles (11 km) south west of the county town of Northallerton. It was originally in Richmondshire and listed in the Domesday Book as part of Catterick wapentake, which was also known as Hangshire (so named from Hang Bank in Finghall and because of the many gallows used to execute marauding Scots); it was split again and Bedale remained in East Hang. Bedale Beck is a tributary of the River Swale, which forms one of the Yorkshire Dales, with its predominance of agriculture and its related small traditional trades, although tourism is increasingly important.
Before the Harrying of the North, Bedale was held by Torpin (Thorfinn[disambiguation needed
]), a patronym retained by the infamous Dick Turpin. The parish church also dates from this time (as evidenced by its crypt), before significant remodelling.
wn.com/Bedale -
Bingley
Coordinates: 53°50′46″N 1°50′10″W / 53.846°N 1.836°W / 53.846; -1.836
Bingley is a market town in the metropolitan borough of the City of Bradford, in West Yorkshire, England. It is situated on the River Aire and the Leeds and Liverpool Canal. The town has a population of 19,884 according to the 2001 Census.
Local travel links include Bingley railway station in the town centre and Leeds Bradford International Airport, which is located 7 miles (11 km) from the city centre. The B6265 (Main Street), connecting Bingley to Keighley, runs through the town centre.
Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, Bingley appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 as "Bingheleia".
Bingley was probably founded about the time of the Saxons; certainly its name is Saxon in origin. Bingley was founded by a ford on the River Aire. This crossing gave access to Harden, Cullingworth and Wilsden on the south side of the river.
In the Domesday Book of 1086, Bingley is listed as "Bingheleia", with the following entry:
wn.com/Bingley -
Bolton by Bowland
Coordinates: 53°56′28″N 2°19′44″W / 53.941°N 2.329°W / 53.941; -2.329
Bolton-by-Bowland is a village and civil parish in the Ribble Valley district of Lancashire, England. Prior to 1974, the village was part of Bowland Rural District in the West Riding of Yorkshire.
In medieval times, it was known as Bolton-in-Bowland, reflecting the shifting boundaries of the ancient Forest of Bowland on whose south-east flank the village sits. The first recorded Bowbearer of the Forest of Bowland, Oughtred de Bolton, is thought have been lord of the manor in the late twelfth century. However, the manor of Bolton-by-Bowland was never included within the Lordship of Bowland, being a part of the Percy family fee from earliest times.
The village is on the Tosside Beck, near its confluence with the River Ribble. The Beck has for many centuries marked the boundary between Bowland and Craven.
The village has a car park, toilet facilities and a tourist information centre, is the starting point for many of the area's walks. According to the 2001 census, it had a population of 498.
wn.com/Bolton_by_Bowland -
Bolton Priory
Bolton Abbey is the estate within which is located the ruined 12th-century Augustinian Bolton Priory in North Yorkshire, England. It gives its name to the parish of Bolton Abbey.
The monastery was originally founded at Embsay in 1120. Led by a prior, Bolton Abbey was technically a priory, despite its name. It was founded in 1154 by the Augustinian order, on the banks of the River Wharfe. The land at Bolton, as well as other resources, were given to the order by Lady Alice de Romille of Skipton Castle in 1154. In the early 14th century Scottish raiders caused the temporary abandonment of the site and serious structural damage to the priory. The seal of the priory featured the Blessed Virgin Mary and the Child and the phrase sigillum sancte Marie de Bolton.
The nave of the abbey church was in use as a parish church from about 1170 onwards, and survived the Dissolution of the Monasteries.
Building work was still going on at the abbey when the Dissolution of the Monasteries resulted in the termination of the priory in 1539. The east end remains in ruins. A tower, begun in 1520, was left half-standing, and its base was later given a bell-turret and converted into an entrance porch. Most of the remaining church is in the Gothic style of architecture, but more work was done in the Victorian era, including windows by [August Pugin].
wn.com/Bolton_Priory -
Boroughbridge
Coordinates: 54°05′42″N 1°23′53″W / 54.095°N 1.398°W / 54.095; -1.398
Boroughbridge is a small town and civil parish in the Harrogate district of North Yorkshire, England. It is situated 13 miles (21 km) northwest of York. Until its bypass was built, it was on the main A1 road from London to Edinburgh. The A1 crosses the River Ure here.
Traditionally the origin of the name "Boroughbridge" lies in its location relative to the nearby town of Aldborough. Aldborough was the principal town in the area during the Roman period, known then as Isurium Brigantum. After the Norman Conquest it appears that the crossing of Dere Street (the Roman Road heading to the North from York) over the Ure was diverted from just north of Aldborough to its present position in the town of Boroughbridge.
A new town grew up around this crossing and, whilst the Old Town became known as the "Ald-Borough" (Hence Aldborough), the New Town became "New Borough on t'Brigg" (Brigg being Bridge), which naturally became "Borough on t'Brigg" and finally Boroughbridge.
wn.com/Boroughbridge -
Bowland Forest
The Forest of Bowland, also known as the Bowland Fells, is an area of barren gritstone fells, deep valleys and peat moorland, mostly in north-east Lancashire, England. A small part lies in North Yorkshire, and much of the area was historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire. Once described as the "Switzerland of England", it has been designated an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) since 1964, and is used for grouse shooting, walking and cycling, though it is relatively unfrequented by tourists. One of the best known features of the area is Pendle Hill, which is separated from the main part of the Forest of Bowland AONB by the Ribble Valley.
In total, 13% of the AONB is designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest for its important areas of heather moorland and blanket bog. The area is nationally and internationally important for its upland bird populations – the hen harrier is the symbol of the AONB. There are over 500 listed buildings and 18 scheduled monuments within the AONB.
wn.com/Bowland_Forest -
Burnsall
Coordinates: 54°02′59″N 1°57′11″W / 54.049590°N 1.953070°W / 54.049590; -1.953070
Burnsall is a village and civil parish in the Craven district of North Yorkshire, England. It is situated on the River Wharfe in Wharfedale, with a five-arched bridge over which the Dalesway passes, and is in the Yorkshire Dales National Park. It is 2 miles (3.2 km) southeast of Hebden, along a river path dated to Viking times. Although the 2001 census gave it a population of only 112, the village has a parish church, a chapel, a primary school (housed in the original grammar school building of 1602, which is a grade II listed building), two hotels with restaurants, and a pub. Because of its charm and location, Burnsall, with a large, grassy parking area, is a favoured site for walkers, trout fishers, picnics, weddings and other ceremonies. The school building, like the much-photographed bridge (also grade II listed), is an early 17th century legacy of William Craven of nearby Appletreewick (pronounced 'Aptrick'), who became mayor of London (and may be the inspiration for 'Dick Whittington'), and has always been used as a school.
wn.com/Burnsall -
Burrow-with-Burrow
Coordinates: 54°10′30″N 2°35′20″W / 54.175°N 2.589°W / 54.175; -2.589
Burrow-with-Burrow is a civil parish in the English county of Lancashire. The parish of Burrow-with-Burrow had a population of 191 recorded in the 2001 census,
It is on the River Lune 2 miles (3.2 km) south of the Cumbrian town Kirkby Lonsdale. Administratively it forms part of the City of Lancaster, Lancaster itself being some 17 miles (27 km) away.
Settlements in the parish include Nether Burrow, Over Burrow, Overtown and Cowan Bridge.
wn.com/Burrow-with-Burrow -
Calderdale
The Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale is a metropolitan borough of West Yorkshire, England, through which the upper part of the River Calder flows, and from which it takes its name. There are also some small river valleys that contain tributaries of the River Calder.
Calderdale is made up of the amalgamation of six former local government districts, spanning (from east to west), the towns of Brighouse, Elland, Halifax, Sowerby Bridge, Hebden Bridge and Todmorden.
Halifax acts as the borough's main commercial, cultural and administrative centre, with numerous high street chain stores, markets, central library, borough council offices, public transport hub, central police station and the further and higher education college, as well as other major local organisations.
The borough covers part of the South Pennines and is the southern-most of the Yorkshire Dales. However, not being part of the Yorkshire Dales national park, Calderdale is generally less well known than its neighbours to the north.
wn.com/Calderdale -
Catterick Garrison
Coordinates: 54°22′39″N 1°43′19″W / 54.3774°N 1.7220°W / 54.3774; -1.7220
Catterick Garrison is a major garrison located in Northern England. It is the largest British Army garrison in the world with a population of around 12,000, in addition to a large temporary population of soldiers, and is larger than the neighbouring village of Catterick.
It is not one single enclosed site, but consists of several separate barracks around which a town has developed. The Garrison gained its first large supermarket, a Tesco store, in 2000; along with a retail park including a McDonalds. The road signs have been changed to read "Town Centre" instead of "Camp Centre" (which is a roundabout). The garrison houses both 4 Mechanised Brigade and the Infantry Training Centre (Catterick)—where all infantry soldiers receive their basic training.
The siting of the garrison was first recommended by Robert Baden-Powell who founded the Scouting movement in 1908 whilst he was based at the army barracks—at that time located in Richmond Castle. The area was originally named Richmond Camp before being changed to Catterick Camp in 1915.
wn.com/Catterick_Garrison -
City of Leeds
Coordinates: 53°47′59″N 1°32′57″W / 53.79972°N 1.54917°W / 53.79972; -1.54917 The City of Leeds is a local government district of West Yorkshire, England, governed by Leeds City Council, with the status of a city and metropolitan borough. The metropolitan district includes Leeds and the towns of Farsley, Garforth, Guiseley, Horsforth, Morley, Otley, Pudsey, Rothwell, Wetherby and Yeadon. It has a population of 798,800 (2010 est.) and is the second largest local government district in England by population; and the second largest metropolitan district by area.
The current city boundaries were set on 1 April 1974 by the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972, as part a reform of local government in England. The city is a merger of eleven former local government districts; the unitary City and County Borough of Leeds combined with the municipal boroughs of Morley and Pudsey, the urban districts of Aireborough, Garforth, Horsforth, Otley and Rothwell, and parts of the rural districts of Tadcaster, Wharfedale and Wetherby from the West Riding of Yorkshire.
wn.com/City_of_Leeds -
Craven
Craven is in recent times the name of a local government district in North Yorkshire, England that came into being in 1974, centred on the market town of Skipton. In the changes to British local government of that year this district was formed as the merger of Skipton urban district, Settle Rural District and most of Skipton Rural District, all in the West Riding of Yorkshire. It comprises the upper reaches of Airedale, Wharfedale, Ribblesdale, and includes most of the Aire Gap and Craven Basin.
Additionally, the name Craven is much older than the modern district, and once encompassed a larger area. This history is also still reflected in the way the term is still commonly used, for example by the Church of England.
Craven has been the name of this district throughout recorded history but it was never defined until 1974; its boundaries differed according to whether considering administration, taxation or religion.
The name Craven may be derived from the pre-Celtic cravona, meaning stony region. Or from the Celtic (Cumbric), related to the Welsh word craf meaning garlic. In the Middle Ages, the area was known for its wild garlic.[citation needed]
wn.com/Craven -
Cross Hills
Coordinates: 53°54′04″N 1°58′56″W / 53.901210°N 1.982240°W / 53.901210; -1.982240
Cross Hills is a village in the Craven district of North Yorkshire, England that is situated halfway between Skipton and Keighley.
Geographically, Cross Hills is in Airedale at a point where the River Aire bends east from its north-south course. The village lies on the south bank of the river just above the flood plain, which is wholly agricultural. As its name implies, Cross Hills is surrounded by the hills of the eastern Pennines including Steeton Moor (south-east), Cowling Moor (south-west), White Hill (north-west) and Kildwick Moor (north-east). There are views along the Aire Valley itself to the north and east. Rombalds Moor, between Silsden and Ilkley, is about six miles east of Cross Hills. Skipton is about four miles north and the hills of the Yorkshire Dales can be seen beyond it.
The village is overlooked by two monuments called The Pinnacles which stand above crags on the Cowling Moor skyline. These are small towers: Sutton Pinnacle is square and topped by a crenelated parapet; Cowling Pinnacle is an obelisk. They were built a century apart by local farmers to commemorate sons who were killed in the Napoleonic War and First World War respectively.
wn.com/Cross_Hills -
Cumbria
Cumbria (
/ˈkʌmbriə/, locally [ˈkʊmbɾiə]) is a non-metropolitan county in North West England. The county and Cumbria County Council, its local authority, came into existence in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. Cumbria's largest settlement and county town is Carlisle and the only other major urban area is the town of Barrow-in-Furness on the south-western tip of the county. It consists of six districts, and in 2008 had a population of just under half a million. Cumbria is one of the most sparsely populated counties in the United Kingdom, with 73.4 people per km2 (190/sq mi). In comparison, the Borough of Barrow-in-Furness, in the south, has a population density over twelve times this at 921/km2 (2,385.3/sq mi).
Cumbria, the third largest ceremonial county in England by area, is bounded to the north by the Scottish council areas of Dumfries and Galloway and Scottish Borders, to the west by the Irish Sea, to the south by Lancashire, to the southeast by North Yorkshire, and to the east by County Durham and Northumberland.
wn.com/Cumbria -
Earby
Coordinates: 53°54′51″N 2°08′41″W / 53.9143°N 2.1446°W / 53.9143; -2.1446
Earby is a small town and civil parish within the Borough of Pendle in Lancashire, England. It is 5 miles (8.0 km) north of Colne, 7 miles (11.3 km) south-west of Skipton, and 11 miles (17.7 km) north-east of Burnley. The parish had a population of 4,348 recorded in the 2001 census,
Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, from 1909 to 1974, Earby formed an urban district. Since 1974 Earby has been in the West Craven area of Pendle, has a town council, and is part of the West Craven Area Committee on Pendle Borough Council.
Other smaller nearby towns include Thornton in Craven and Sough.
Earby also had its own railway station, but it was closed in 1970. The station was an interchange with the small branch to Barnoldswick.
Earby is served by television from both Leeds and Manchester; ITV (Yorkshire Television) and BBC North are both transmitted from the television mast at East Marton, 3 miles (4.8 km) north of Earby.BBC North West and ITV (Granada Television) are both received directly from the main Winter Hill transmitter. The BBC has a relay that overlooks Earby and has the four main BBC national FM radio stations (Radio 1 to 4).Fresh Radio in Skipton covers the area on MW 1413 kHz.
wn.com/Earby -
Easingwold
Coordinates: 54°07′11″N 1°11′23″W / 54.1198°N 1.1897°W / 54.1198; -1.1897
Easingwold is a small market town and a civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. It has a population of 4,233. It is located 13 miles (21 km) north of York, at the foot of the Howardian Hills. The name of Easingwold is Anglo Saxon in origin. King John had a hunting lodge there and the royal Forest of Galtres once surrounded the area. The town was bypassed by the A19 in November 1994. Easingwold School is the largest in the surrounding area and has around 1,300 pupils. Easingwold also has a primary school. There are also several pubs in Easingwold and plenty of shops.
Easingwold is served by several buses to nearby villages, towns and the city of York.
The Cabinet Office have their Emergency Planning College at the Hawkhills, Easingwold.
Easingwold has its own secondary school Easingwold School, which is now a specialist Language College and a pupil roll of around 1,300 pupils.
Easingwold Community Primary School is a local authority school with a school roll of around 324 pupils.
wn.com/Easingwold -
Eshton
Eshton is a small village and civil parish in the Craven district of North Yorkshire, England. It is in the Yorkshire Dales and about 6 miles south of Grassington.
Coordinates: 53°59′N 2°06′W / 53.983°N 2.1°W / 53.983; -2.1
wn.com/Eshton -
Eston
Coordinates: 54°33′36″N 1°08′38″W / 54.560°N 1.144°W / 54.560; -1.144
Eston is a town within the unitary authority of Redcar and Cleveland, England. It falls inside the Greater Eston initiative. As with the rest of Redcar and Cleveland, it is part of the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire.
Eston is next to Normanby, Grangetown and Teesville, indeed several institutions in Teesville and Normanby have Eston in their name, such as Eston Sports Academy, Eston Cemetery and Eston Park School. It is included in the Redcar and Cleveland redevelopment initiative named Greater Eston.
The land around Eston has been occupied since 2400 BC, but it was the discovery of ironstone in Eston Hills by industrialists from Middlesbrough (most notably Henry Bolckow and John Vaughan) in 1841, that saw Eston develop from two cottages in 1850 to a thriving mining town. Miners' cottages, although altered, can still be seen in parts of Eston. The mining history of Eston was the subject of a film, A Century in Stone, which describes how the mines were responsible for making Teesside the iron and steel capital of the world. The film, by Craig Hornby of Pancrack Films, not only sold out in local cinemas, but also across Australia.
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Ewcross (wapentake)
Coordinates: 54°10′23″N 2°11′53″W / 54.173°N 2.198°W / 54.173; -2.198
Ewcross was a wapentake of the West Riding of Yorkshire, England. It included the parishes of Bentham, Clapham, Horton in Ribblesdale and Sedburgh and parts of Thornton in Lonsdale.
Ewcross was split from the Staincliffe and Ewcross wapentake in the nineteenth century.
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Farnhill
Coordinates: 53°54′53″N 1°59′38″W / 53.914650°N 1.993870°W / 53.914650; -1.993870
Farnhill is a village and civil parish in the Craven district of North Yorkshire, England. It is situated near Sutton-in-Craven and about 4 miles (6.4 km) south-east of Skipton. Farnhill is also across the canal from Kildwick and there is a church in Kildwick. There is a primary school next to the church and Farnhill backs up on to the moors. There are around 200 people living in Farnhill.
To the south of the village is Farnhill Hall, a fortified manor house, dating from the fifteenth century but much altered.
Media related to Farnhill at Wikimedia Commons
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Filey
Coordinates: 54°12′36″N 0°17′21″W / 54.2101°N 0.2893°W / 54.2101; -0.2893
Filey is a small town and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. It forms part of the borough of Scarborough and is located between Scarborough and Bridlington on the North Sea coast. Although it started out as a fishing village, it has a large beach and is a popular tourist resort. Until 1974 it was an urban district in the East Riding of Yorkshire.
According to the 2001 UK census, Filey parish had a population of 6,819.
Filey is at the eastern end of the Cleveland Way a long-distance footpath; this starts at Helmsley and skirts the North York Moors. It was the second National Trail to be opened (1969). It is also the northern end of the Yorkshire Wolds Way National Trail which starts at Hessle and crosses the Yorkshire Wolds. Filey is the finishing point for Great Yorkshire Bike Ride. The 70-mile (110 km) ride begins at Wetherby Racecourse.
Filey has a railway station on the Yorkshire Coast Line. Previously Filey also had a second station Filey Holiday Camp railway station to the south of the town serving the former Butlins holiday camp. This camp has now been re-developed into a 600-home holiday housing development, The Bay Filey. It is one of the largest coastal developments of this kind in the UK and the first homes began to be handed over to buyers in 2007.
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Forest of Bowland
The Forest of Bowland, also known as the Bowland Fells, is an area of barren gritstone fells, deep valleys and peat moorland, mostly in north-east Lancashire, England. A small part lies in North Yorkshire, and much of the area was historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire. Once described as the "Switzerland of England", it has been designated an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) since 1964, and is used for grouse shooting, walking and cycling, though it is relatively unfrequented by tourists. One of the best known features of the area is Pendle Hill, which is separated from the main part of the Forest of Bowland AONB by the Ribble Valley.
In total, 13% of the AONB is designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest for its important areas of heather moorland and blanket bog. The area is nationally and internationally important for its upland bird populations – the hen harrier is the symbol of the AONB. There are over 500 listed buildings and 18 scheduled monuments within the AONB.
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Forestry Commission
The Forestry Commission is a non-ministerial government department responsible for forestry in Great Britain. It was set up in 1919 to expand Britain's forests and woodland after depletion during the First World War. To do this the commission bought large amounts of former agricultural land, eventually becoming the largest land owner in Britain.
Over time the purpose of the Commission broadened to include many other activities beyond timber production. One major activity is scientific research, carried out at several designated "research forests" across Britain. Recreation is also important, with several outdoor activities being actively promoted. Protecting and improving biodiversity within Britain's forests are both part of the Forestry Commission's remit.
The Forestry Commission manages almost one million hectares of land in Great Britain, making it the country's biggest land manager. The majority of the land (60%) is in Scotland, 26% of the landholding is in England and the remainder in Wales. Some of Britain's best-loved and most spectacular landscapes are in its care. Activities carried out on the forest estate include maintenance and improvement of the natural environment and the provision of recreation, timber harvesting to supply domestic industry, regenerating brownfield and replanting of harvested areas.
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Fountains Abbey
Fountains Abbey is approximately three miles south west of Ripon in North Yorkshire, England near to the village of Aldfield. Founded in 1132, the abbey operated for over 400 years, until 1539, when Henry VIII ordered the Dissolution of the Monasteries. It is one of the largest and best preserved ruined Cistercian monasteries in England.
The abbey is a Grade I listed building owned by the National Trust and part of the designated Studley Royal Park including the Ruins of Fountains Abbey UNESCO World Heritage Site.
After a dispute and riot in 1132 at the Benedictine house, St Mary's Abbey, in York, 13 monks were expelled and, after unsuccessfully attempting to return to the early 6th-century Rule of St Benedict, were taken into the protection of Thurstan, Archbishop of York. He provided them with land in the valley of the River Skell, a tributary of the Ure. The enclosed valley had all the natural features needed for the creation of a monastery, providing shelter from the weather, stone and timber for building, and a supply of running water. After enduring a harsh winter in 1133, the monks applied to join the Cistercian order and in 1135 became the second house of that order in northern England, after Rievaulx. The monks subjected themselves to Clairvaux Abbey, in Burgundy which was under the rule of St Bernard. Under the guidance of Geoffrey of Ainai, a monk sent from Clairvaux, the group learned how to celebrate the seven Canonical Hours and were shown how to construct wooden buildings in accordance with Cistercian practice.
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Gargrave
Coordinates: 53°59′02″N 2°06′18″W / 53.984°N 2.105°W / 53.984; -2.105
Gargrave is a small village and civil parish in the Craven district located along the A65, 4 miles (6 km) northwest of Skipton in North Yorkshire, England. It is situated on the very edge of the Yorkshire Dales. The River Aire and the Leeds and Liverpool Canal pass through the village. It has a population of 1,764.
Around half a mile south of the village on a fertile plain, there are remains of a Roman Villa, called Kirk Sink. The stones used to construct the villa were gradually removed and most likely used to make the present church which replaces it.
Inequalities upon the surface, prove the villa to have been a parallelogram; 300 feet (91 m) long and 180 feet (55 m) wide. 70 years ago it was dug into and the frame of a tessellated pavement was discovered at that time, of which a man named Dr. Whitaker had seen some of the remains, influenced him to apply for permission to open the ground again.
Unfortunately the remains could not be ascertained as the church bled into the foundations, all that could be found was fragments of the pavement and remains of the mortar used to construct the villa.
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Giggleswick
Coordinates: 54°04′26″N 2°17′23″W / 54.0738°N 2.2896°W / 54.0738; -2.2896
Giggleswick is a village and civil parish in the Craven district of North Yorkshire, England near the town of Settle. It is the site of Giggleswick School.
A Dictionary of British Place Names contains the entry:
The town is served by Giggleswick railway station which provides services to Leeds in one direction and Lancaster and Morecambe in the other. The station is served by only five trains per day in each direction and is operated by Northern Rail.
The parish church is named after St Alkelda. The present building dates mostly from the 15th century, but carved stones discovered during the restoration of 1890-2 indicated that a building existed on the site before the Norman Conquest. It is a Grade I listed building.
The late Richard Whiteley of Channel 4's Countdown was a pupil at Giggleswick School. Russell Harty was an English teacher at the school at the same time. The internationally renowned operatic soprano, Sarah Fox, was born in the village and attended Giggleswick School. The Victorian era actor Sir John Hare was born here in 1844.
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Gisburn
Coordinates: 53°55′55″N 2°15′54″W / 53.932°N 2.265°W / 53.932; -2.265
Gisburn (formerly Gisburne) is a village, civil parish and ward within the Ribble Valley borough of Lancashire, England. It lies 7 miles (11 km) northeast of Clitheroe. The parish of Gisburn had a population of 506, and the ward had 1287, recorded in the 2001 census.
The former spelling of Gisburne was phased out after the introduction of railways in the parish. Gisburn railway station was closed under the Beeching Axe in 1962. Before standardized spelling, Gisburne and similar spellings were also sometimes used for Guisborough in North Yorkshire, leading to Gisburn often being referred to as "Gisburn in Craven".
Historically Gisburn was part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, within the Deanery of Craven, and Wapentake of Staincliffe. It touched the historic county of Lancashire on the south. Today it is in Lancashire, and touches North Yorkshire on the north.
Geographically, Gisburn is a rural area, surrounded by hilly and relatively unpopulated areas, with Bowland Forest to the west, Pendle Hill to the south, and the Yorkshire Dales and Pennines not far to the north and east. The relatively flat Ribble valley runs through the parish with the A59 running parallel. The Roman road from Ribchester to Ilkley once passed through the area also.
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Glusburn
Glusburn is a village and civil parish situated in Craven in North Yorkshire, England, with a population of 3,902. It is located on the edge of the Yorkshire Dales. Glusburn is the name of the old parish, but the newer part of the village is known as Cross Hills.
The village most likely dates back to the 8th century. The site on which Glusburn is situated on is just above Glus Beck, which means the 'shining stream'. The site would have been rough uncultivated land, moorland and forest, with wolves, wild boar and deer around at the time.
Before 1066, most of the area was held by Earl Edwin, a Saxon nobleman. However he broke his oath of loyalty to King William I and consequently the king took the land as revenge. Therefore in the Domesday Book, the site is described as 'Terra Regis' or 'Lands of the King'.
In 1369, John Scarborough was Lord of the Manor, and is believed to have lived at Glusburn Old Hall. In the 16th century, the estate was sold partly to John Currer of Kildwick Hall, but also to William Garforth of Steeton.
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Goole
Coordinates: 53°41′57″N 0°52′09″W / 53.699217°N 0.869171°W / 53.699217; -0.869171
Goole is a town, civil parish and port located approximately 45 miles (72 km) inland on the confluence of the rivers Don and Ouse in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. The port is "highly versatile", and is capable of handling nearly 3 million tonnes of cargo per annum, making it one of the most important ports on the east coast of England.
Goole is twinned with Złotów, Poland, (and was twinned with Rostock, East Germany in 1969 although this seems to have lapsed). Goole was informally twinned with Gibraltar in the 1960s; at that time, Gibraltar Court was named in Goole and Goole Court was named in Gibraltar.
The Dutch civil engineer Cornelius Vermuyden diverted the River Don northwards to the River Ouse in 1626-1629 to drain the marshland of Hatfield Chase at the behest of King Charles I. This also made the lower Don navigable for small barges so that coal from the South Yorkshire Coalfields could be transported to "Goole" at the new mouth of the Don (or "Dutch River") for transfer to seagoing vessels.
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Grassington
Coordinates: 54°04′16″N 1°59′53″W / 54.071°N 1.998°W / 54.071; -1.998
Grassington is a market town and civil parish in the Craven district of North Yorkshire, England. The town is situated in Wharfedale around 9 miles (14 km) from Bolton Abbey and is surrounded by limestone scenery. Nearby villages include Linton, Threshfield, Hebden, Conistone and Kilnsey.
Although often described by local people as a village, Grassington was granted a Royal Charter for a market and fair in 1282 giving it market town status. The market was held regularly until about 1860. A change in land use from the early 17th century, when lead mining began to assume more importance, brought some prosperity, but Grassington's heyday arrived during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. The opening of the Yorkshire Dales Railway to Threshfield in 1901 brought new visitors, many of whom settled, some finding work in Skipton or in the developing limestone quarries.The Old Hall at Grassington is reputedly the oldest house in Yorkshire, dating from the late thirteenth or early fourteenth century.
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Grindleton
Coordinates: 53°54′22″N 2°22′05″W / 53.906°N 2.368°W / 53.906; -2.368
Grindleton is a village and civil parish in the Ribble Valley, in the English county of Lancashire, formerly the West Riding of Yorkshire. Its 3700 acres sit within the Forest of Bowland.
A caput manor in Domesday, Grindleton was subsumed into the Liberty of Slaidburn in the second half of the fourteenth century. Bowland underwent wholesale manorial reorganisation at that time, perhaps in response to the fall in population caused by the Black Death (1348–50) and the absorption of Bowland into the Duchy of Lancaster.
Both Grindleton and Slaidburn fell under the ancient Lordship of Bowland which comprised a Royal Forest and a Liberty of ten manors spanning eight townships and four parishes and covered an area of almost 300 square miles (780 km2) on the historic borders of Lancashire and Yorkshire. The manors within the Liberty were Slaidburn (Newton-in-Bowland, West Bradford, Grindleton), Knowlmere, Waddington, Easington, Bashall Eaves, Mitton, Withgill (Crook), Leagram, Hammerton and Dunnow (Battersby) . Until 1938, Harrop was an enclave of the Forest before it was subsumed into Grindleton civil parish.
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Hambleton
Coordinates: 54°20′02″N 1°25′44″W / 54.334°N 1.429°W / 54.334; -1.429
Hambleton is a local government district of North Yorkshire, England. The main town and administrative centre is Northallerton, and includes the market towns and major villages of Bedale, Thirsk, Great Ayton, Stokesley and Easingwold.
The district was formed by the Local Government Act 1972 on 1 April 1974, as a merger of the urban district of Northallerton with Bedale Rural District, Easingwold Rural District, Northallerton Rural District, and part of Thirsk Rural District and Croft Rural District, all in the North Riding of Yorkshire.
The district is named after the Hambleton Hills, part of the North York Moors National Park, on the eastern edge of the district. This area is the subject of a national habitat protection scheme as articulated in the United Kingdom's Biodiversity Action Plan.
Hambleton covers an area of 1,311.17 km² most of which, 1,254.90 km², is green space. The district is named after the Hambleton Hills, part of the North York Moors National Park, on the eastern edge of the district. This area is the subject of a national habitat protection scheme as articulated in the United Kingdom's Biodiversity Action Plan.
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Harrogate
Coordinates: 53°59′28″N 1°32′20″W / 53.991°N 1.539°W / 53.991; -1.539
Harrogate is a spa town in North Yorkshire, England. The town is a tourist destination and its visitor attractions include its spa waters, RHS Harlow Carr gardens, and Bettys Tea Rooms. From the town one can explore the nearby Yorkshire Dales national park. Historically in the West Riding of Yorkshire, Harrogate grew out of two existing smaller settlements, High Harrogate and Low Harrogate, in the 17th century.
Harrogate spa water contains iron, sulphur and common salt. The town became known as 'The English Spa' in the Georgian Era, after its waters were first discovered in the 16th century. In the 17th and 18th centuries especially, these 'chalybeate' waters (i.e. containing iron) were a popular health treatment, and the influx of wealthy but sickly visitors contributed significantly to the wealth of the town.
Harrogate railway station and Harrogate bus station in the town centre provide transport connections. Leeds Bradford International Airport is 10 miles (16 km) south west of Harrogate. The main road through the town is the A61, connecting Harrogate to Leeds and Ripon. Harrogate is also connected to Wetherby and the A1, by the A661. The town of Harrogate on its own had a population of 71,594 at the 2001 UK census; the urban area comprising Harrogate and nearby Knaresborough had a population of 85,128, while the figure for the much wider Borough of Harrogate, comprising Harrogate, Knaresborough, Ripon and a large rural area, was 151,339.
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Harrogate (borough)
The Borough of Harrogate is a local government district and borough of North Yorkshire, England. Its council is based in the town of Harrogate but it also includes surrounding towns and villages. It is the most populous district of North Yorkshire. The district is part of the Leeds City Region.
The district was formed on 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, as a merger of the Masham and Wath rural districts, and part of Thirsk Rural District, from the North Riding of Yorkshire, along with the boroughs of Harrogate and the city of Ripon, the Knaresborough urban district, Nidderdale Rural District, Ripon and Pateley Bridge Rural District, part of Wetherby Rural District and part of Wharfedale Rural District, all in the West Riding of Yorkshire.
On 1 April 1996 the parishes of Nether Poppleton, Upper Poppleton, Hessay and Rufforth were transferred from the district to become part of the new York unitary authority. According to the 2001 census these parishes had a population of 5,169.
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Haxby
Coordinates: 54°00′58″N 1°04′30″W / 54.016°N 1.075°W / 54.016; -1.075
Haxby is a town and civil parish in the unitary authority of City of York, on the River Foss, five miles (8 km) north of York and south of Strensall, in North Yorkshire, England. Haxby is bordered on the east by the River Foss, and to the west by the village of Wigginton, whose expansion has caused the two settlements to form a continuous urban environment. To the south is the garden village of New Earswick and the York Outer Ring Road (A1237) with the open farmland to the north as far as the villages of Sutton-on-the-Forest and Strensall.
According to the 2001 census the parish had a population of 8,754. Before 1996 it was part of the Ryedale district. The centre of the town was made a Conservation Area by the local authority in 1976.
"Haxby" is a Norse place-name and translates as "Farmstead or village of a man called Hákr". It is formed from a Norse personal name and the Old Scandinavian word bý, meaning "farmstead, village or settlement". Haxby was recorded as Haxebi in the Domesday Book of 1086. The town is primarily a dormitory for commuters to nearby towns and cities, though local service industries provide employment opportunities proportionate to the size of its population.
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Hellifield
Coordinates: 54°00′16″N 2°13′17″W / 54.0045°N 2.2215°W / 54.0045; -2.2215
Hellifield is a village and civil parish in the Craven district of North Yorkshire, England (grid reference SD855565). The village once was an important railway junction on the Settle-Carlisle Railway between the Midland Railway and the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway, but Hellifield railway station is now a shadow of its former glory. It is situated on the A65, between Skipton and Settle. Hellifield currently has a population of 1,060 residents.
In the Domesday Book, Hellifield is mentioned as Helgeflet; meaning 'Holy Marsh or Stream', translated from Saxon, the village also could have been dedicated to the Saxon Goddess 'Hel'. There is also the possibility that the name derives from the Norse 'The Farm of Helgi'. The village name changed over the years; in the 12th century, Hellifield was referred to as "Nether Hellifield" and in the 17th and 18th centuries the village was named "Hellifield Pele" and slightly later "Hellifield Cochins". The modern spelling of Hellifield appears in the mid-19th century, on maps and drawings.
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High Bentham
Coordinates: 54°07′05″N 2°30′36″W / 54.118°N 2.510°W / 54.118; -2.510
Bentham is a small town and civil parish in the Craven district of North Yorkshire, England, with a population of 2,994. The town includes High Bentham, sometimes known as Higher Bentham, and Low Bentham. Bentham has a few youth groups for teenagers at the BYC (Bentham Youth Café) which is on the Main Street, Mondays Youth Club which is held by 4Youth and a separate youth drop-in Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursdays run by and held at the Youth Cafe, and GFI at the Methodist church. There is also Springboard and Adventurers at the Methodist Church for younger children.
The town lies on the River Wenning, west of the Yorkshire Dales National Park and on the northern edge of the Forest of Bowland. The original centre lay in Low Bentham, but a market was granted to High Bentham in the 14th century, and it became a centre for weaving from the 18th century, particularly after weavers in the town discovered how to weave hosepipes from flax.
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Ilkley
Coordinates: 53°55′30″N 1°49′19″W / 53.925°N 1.822°W / 53.925; -1.822
Ilkley is a spa town and civil parish in West Yorkshire, in the north of England. Ilkley civil parish includes the adjacent village of Ben Rhydding and is a ward within the metropolitan borough of Bradford. Approximately 12 miles (19 km) north of Bradford, the town lies mainly on the south bank of the River Wharfe in Wharfedale, one of the Yorkshire Dales. The parish has a population of 13,828 (census 2001).
Ilkley's spa town heritage and surrounding countryside make tourism an important local industry. The town centre is characterised by Victorian architecture, wide streets and floral displays. Ilkley Moor, to the south of the town, is the subject of a folk song, often described as the unofficial anthem of Yorkshire, "On Ilkla Moor Baht 'at". The song's words are written in Yorkshire dialect, its title translated as "On Ilkley Moor without a hat."
The earliest evidence of habitation in the Ilkley area is flint arrowheads or microliths, dating to the Mesolithic period, from about 11,000 BC onwards. The area around Ilkley has been continuously settled since at least the early Bronze Age, around 1800 BC; more than 250 cup and ring marks, and swastika carvings dating to the period have been found on rock outcrops, and archaeological remains of dwellings are found on Ilkley Moor. A druidical stone circle, the Twelve Apostles Stone Circle, was constructed 2,000 years ago.
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Ingleby Barwick
Coordinates: 54°31′08″N 1°18′40″W / 54.519°N 1.311°W / 54.519; -1.311
Ingleby Barwick ( /ˈbɑrɪk/) is a large private residential estate and civil parish built on what was the southern perimeter of Thornaby airfield in the borough of Stockton-on-Tees and ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. The estate is enclosed by water to the west, north and east. It was officially opened in 1981 by the mayor of Langbaurgh.
Although the development of Ingleby Barwick, as the housing estate which is present today, did not start until the late 1970s, the land has been occupied for thousands of years. Ingleby Barwick has a ceremonial Coat of Arms. The arms contain a representation of the three rivers that run around Ingleby Barwick. It also depicts mill-rinds which are an historical link to the Turner family, who used to own the land which now forms Ingleby Barwick. The crest shows a Teal bird which refers to Teal a horse, trained at Middleham by Captain Neville Crump, which won the Grand National in 1952.
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Irish Sea
The Irish Sea (Irish: Muir Éireann or Muir Meann,Scottish Gaelic: Muir Èireann or Muir Mhanainn,Manx: Mooir Vannin or Y Keayn Yernagh,Welsh: Môr Iwerddon, Scots: Erse Sea) separates the islands of Ireland and Great Britain. It is connected to the Celtic Sea in the south by St George's Channel, and to the Atlantic Ocean in the north by the North Channel. Anglesey is the largest island within the Irish Sea, followed by the Isle of Man. The sea is occasionally, but rarely, referred to as the Manx Sea.
The sea is of significant economic importance to regional trade, shipping and transport, fishing, and power generation in the form of wind power and nuclear plants. Annual traffic between Great Britain and Ireland amounts to over 12 million passengers and 17 million tonnes of traded goods.
The International Hydrographic Organization defines the limits of the Irish Sea (with St George's Channel) as follows:
On the North. The Southern limit of the Scottish Seas [or Inner Seas off the West Coast of Scotland, defined as "a line joining the South extreme of the Mull of Galloway (54°38'N) in Scotland and Ballyquintin Point (54°20'N) in Ireland"].
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Keighley
Coordinates: 53°52′01″N 1°54′40″W / 53.867°N 1.911°W / 53.867; -1.911
Keighley (
i/ˈkiːθli/ KEETH-lee) is a town and civil parish within the metropolitan borough of the City of Bradford in West Yorkshire, England. It is situated 11 miles (17.7 km) northwest of Bradford and is at the confluence of the rivers Aire and the Worth. The town area, which is part of the Brontë Country, has a population of 51,429 (2001 Census), making it the third largest civil parish in England.
Keighley lies in a fold between the countryside of Airedale and Keighley Moors. The town is the terminus of the Keighley and Worth Valley Railway, a heritage steam branch line which has been restored and runs through the Worth Valley to Oxenhope via Oakworth and Haworth.
The name Keighley, which has gone through many changes of spelling throughout its history, is accepted to mean "Cyhha's farm or clearing" and was mentioned in the Domesday Book, "In Cichhelai (Keighley), Ulchel, and Thole, and Ravensuar, and William had six carucates to be taxed."
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Kelbrook
Coordinates: 53°53′53″N 2°08′56″W / 53.898°N 2.149°W / 53.898; -2.149
Kelbrook is a village in the Borough of Pendle, in Lancashire, England. It lies on the A56 road between Colne and Earby. It has a population of 1,026.
Historically a part of the now divided old parish of Thornton-in-Craven in the West Riding of Yorkshire, Kelbrook was administered as part of Skipton Rural District, until boundary changes in 1974. Kelbrook lies in West Craven, so keeping cultural links with Yorkshire and Craven.
The main A56 road runs through the village. Kelbrook has one public house named the Craven Heffer. The Craven Heifer [1] was a local cow which was born in 1807 and achieved nationwide fame due to its size[2]. The public house was previously named the Scotsmans Arms. The public house changed name between 1853 and 1891.
Kelbrook School is situated in the heart of the village. The highest building in the village is the village church, St Mary's of Kelbrook. Other local towns and villages are Barnoldswick - 2 miles west, Earby - 1 mile north, Salterforth - 1 mile west, Thornton in Craven - 2 miles north, Foulridge - 2 miles south, Colne - 3½ miles south.
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Kildwick
Coordinates: 53°54′42″N 1°59′21″W / 53.911664°N 1.989049°W / 53.911664; -1.989049
Kildwick, or Kildwick-in-Craven, is a village and civil parish of the district of Craven in North Yorkshire, England. It is situated between Skipton and Keighley and has a population of 191. Kildwick is a landmark as where the major road from Keighley to Skipton crosses the River Aire. The village's amenities include a primary school, church, post office and public house.
The first known documentation of Kildwick's name is as Childeuuic in the Domesday Book. In Latin the digraph ch is pronounced /kʰ/ not /tʃ/ so its pronunciation was the same as it is now. The meaning of its name depends on whether it was named by the conquering Vikings or earlier in Old English. However we know of no evidence of the latter and other place-names hereabouts are predominately Old Norse.
The Domesday Book of 1086 has the first record of Kildwick in writing. It lists the Lord of the Childeuuic manor as Arnkeld with c240 acres (100 hectares) of ploughland and an Anglo Saxon church. But William the Conqueror shortly deposed all the Angle-Dane lords and rewarded his great Norman warrior Robert de Romille with Craven. In 1120 Robert's heir Cecilia de Romille, Lady of Skipton, founded an Augustine priory at Embsay near Skipton and endowed it with the manor/estate of Kildwick. In 1153 the proprietors of Kildwick moved their priory to Bolton Abbey. From 1305 to 1313 Bolton Priory paid for the Bridge over the River Aire to be built in stone. They also built Kildwick Grange as a local residence. In 1539 Henry VIII dissolved the monastery at Bolton and granted Kildwick manor to Robert Wilkinson and Thomas Drake of Halifax but granted the Church to Christ Church, Oxford. In 1549 Thomas Drake alienated the Manor to John Garforth of Farnhill. In 1558 the Garforths sold it all to the Currer family with whose lineal descendants it remains.
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Kilnsey
Coordinates: 54°06′23″N 2°02′30″W / 54.106390°N 2.041780°W / 54.106390; -2.041780
Kilnsey is a small village in Wharfedale, North Yorkshire, England. It lies on the B6160 road, between the villages of Grassington and Kettlewell, near Arncliffe and just across the River Wharfe from Conistone.
The most notable feature of Kilnsey is a large limestone cliff called Kilnsey Crag, overlooking the road and the River Wharfe from the west. The Crag is around 170 feet high, with an overhang of 40 feet. West from Kilnsey towards Malham Tarn runs the historic Mastiles Lane, a Roman marching road, later an important drovers' way for Fountains Abbey flocks to summer pasture on higher ground, approximately five miles distant. This is now a Dales walking track. The Old Hall in Kilnsey was medieval administrative site for wool trade. Most of the present building, well restored, dates from 1658.
Kilnsey has one pub, the Tennant Arms, a trout farm, and a small collection of houses.
The village hosts a large, annual agricultural show.
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Kingston upon Hull
Kingston upon Hull (i/ˌkɪŋstən əpɒn ˈhʌl/ KING-stən ə-pon HUL), usually referred to as Hull, is a city and unitary authority area in the ceremonial county of the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It stands on the River Hull at its junction with the Humber estuary, 25 miles (40 km) inland from the North Sea. Hull has a resident population of 263,900 (2010 est.). The Larger Urban Zone (LUZ) population stands at 573,300.
Renamed Kings town upon Hull by King Edward I in 1299, the town and city of Hull has served as market town, military supply port, a trading hub, fishing and whaling centre, and industrial metropolis.
Hull was an early theatre of battle in the English Civil Wars. Its 18th-century Member of Parliament, William Wilberforce, played a key role in the abolition of the slave trade in Britain.
The city is unique in the UK in having had a municipally-owned telephone system from 1902, sporting cream, not red, telephone boxes.
After suffering heavy damage during the Second World War, Hull weathered a period of post-industrial decline, during which the city gained unfavourable results on measures of social deprivation, education and policing. In recent years the city has embarked on an extensive programme of economic regeneration, reconstruction and urban renewal. The economic crisis since 2008 has caused some setbacks to these developments.
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Kirkbymoorside
Coordinates: 54°16′08″N 0°55′48″W / 54.269°N 0.930°W / 54.269; -0.930
Kirkbymoorside is a small market town and civil parish in the Ryedale district of North Yorkshire, England, which lies approximately 25 miles (40.2 km) north of York midway between Pickering and Helmsley, and has a population of approximately 3,000.[citation needed]
Kirkbymoorside is noted as "Chirchebi" in Domesday Book (1086). It has served as a trading hub at least since 1254, when it became a market town. There are two ancient coaching inns extant, the Black Swan with its carved porch, and the cruck-framed George and Dragon, which originated in the 13th century. The Georgian façades point to later periods of commercial prosperity on the coaching route between York and Scarborough.
Some Ancient British, Viking and Anglo-Saxon remains have been found in the vicinity. The Norman baron Robert de Stuteville built a wooden moated castle on Vivers Hill. The estate passed to the Wake family in the 13th century, who brought prosperity to the town. However, it was badly hit by the Black Death of the mid-14th century, after which the wooden castle lay in ruins. Prosperity returned after 1408, when the Neville family took over, although little remains of the fortified manor they built to the north of the town. The Nevilles remained Catholic and took part in the Rising of the North of 1569. By 1660 there was a grammar school. (The building is now part of the library.) The great Toll Booth in the middle of the town was built about 1730 with stone taken from the Nevilles' manor. The old Market Hall was gutted by fire but rebuilt in 1872. By 1881 the population of the town was 2,337.
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Kirklees
Coordinates: 53°35′35″N 1°48′04″W / 53.593°N 1.801°W / 53.593; -1.801
The Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees is a metropolitan borough of West Yorkshire, England. It has a population of 401,000 and includes the settlements of Batley, Birstall, Cleckheaton, Denby Dale, Dewsbury, Heckmondwike, Holmfirth, Huddersfield, Kirkburton, Marsden, Meltham, Mirfield and Slaithwaite. Huddersfield is the largest settlement of the district, and its centre of administration.
The borough was formed under the Local Government Act 1972 on 1 April 1974, by a merger of the county boroughs of Dewsbury and Huddersfield along with the municipal boroughs of Batley and Spenborough and the urban districts of Colne Valley, Denby Dale, Heckmondwike, Holmfirth, Kirkburton, Meltham and Mirfield.
The name "Kirklees" was chosen by the merging councils from more than fifty suggestions, including "Upper Agbrigg", "Brigantia" and "Wooldale". It was named after Kirklees Priory, legendary burial place of Robin Hood. The site of the priory is now Kirklees Park Estate, situated mid way between Huddersfield and Dewsbury and the location of Kirklees Hall.
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Knaresborough
Coordinates: 54°00′30″N 1°28′01″W / 54.0084°N 1.467°W / 54.0084; -1.467
Knaresborough is an old and historic market town, spa town and civil parish in the Borough of Harrogate, North Yorkshire, England, located on the River Nidd, four miles east of the centre of Harrogate.
Knaresborough is mentioned in the Domesday Book as Chednaresburg or Chenaresburg. Knaresborough Castle dates from Norman times; around 1100, the town began to grow and provide a market and attract traders to service the castle. The present parish church, St John's, was established around this time. The earliest name for a Lord of Knaresborough is from around 1115 when Serlo de Burgh held the 'Honour of Knaresborough' from the King.
Hugh de Morville was granted the Honour of Knaresborough in 1158. He was constable of Knaresborough and leader of the group of four knights who murdered Archbishop Thomas Beckett at Canterbury Cathedral on 29 December 1170. The four knights fled to Knaresborough and hid at the castle. Hugh de Morville forfeited the lands in 1173, not for his implication in the murder of Thomas Becket, but for "complicity in the rebellion of young Henry", according to the Early Yorkshire Charters.
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Lanark
Coordinates: 55°40′30″N 3°46′37″W / 55.674903°N 3.777019°W / 55.674903; -3.777019
Lanark (Scottish Gaelic: Lannraig,Scots: Lanrik) is a small town in the central belt of Scotland. Its population of 8,253 makes it the 100th largest settlement in Scotland. The name is believed to come from the Cumbric Lanerc meaning "clear space, glade".
Lanark was the county town of the former county of Lanarkshire, though for many years Hamilton was the county town, before the formation of Strathclyde. Lanark railway station and coach station has frequent services to Glasgow. There is little industry in Lanark and some residents commute to work in Glasgow and Edinburgh. Its shops serve the local agricultural community and surrounding villages. There is a large modern livestock auction market on the outskirts of the town.
Lanark has served as an important market town since medieval times, and King David I made it a Royal Burgh in 1140, giving it certain mercantile privileges relating to government and taxation. King David I realised that greater prosperity could result from encouraging trade. He decided to create a chain of new towns across Scotland. These would be centres of Norman civilisation in a largely Celtic country, and would be established in such a way as to encourage the development of trade within their area. These new towns were to be known as Burghs. Bastides were established in France for much the same reason.
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Lancashire
Lancashire ( /ˈlæŋkəʃər/ or, less commonly, /ˈlæŋkəʃɪər/) is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England. It takes its name from the city of Lancaster, and is sometimes known as the County of Lancaster. Although Lancaster is still considered to be the county town, Lancashire County Council is based in Preston. Lancashire is sometimes referred to by the abbreviation Lancs, as originally used by the Royal Mail. The population of the county is 1,449,700. People from the county are known as Lancastrians.
The history of Lancashire is thought to have begun with its founding in the 12th century. In the Domesday Book (1086), some of its lands had been treated as part of Yorkshire. The land that lay Inter Ripam et Mersam, "between the Ribble and Mersey", formed part of the returns for Cheshire. Once its initial boundaries were established, it bordered Cumberland, Westmorland, Yorkshire and Cheshire.
Lancashire emerged during the Industrial Revolution as a major commercial and industrial region. The county encompassed several hundred mill towns and collieries. By the 1830s, approximately 85% of all cotton manufactured worldwide was processed in Lancashire.Preston, Accrington, Blackburn, Bolton, Rochdale, Oldham, Chorley, Darwen, Nelson, Colne and Burnley were major cotton mill towns during this time. Blackpool was a major centre for tourism for the inhabitants of Lancashire's mill towns, particularly during wakes week.
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Leyburn
Coordinates: 54°18′32″N 1°49′44″W / 54.309°N 1.829°W / 54.309; -1.829
Leyburn is a busy market town and civil parish in the district of Richmondshire, North Yorkshire, England sitting above the northern bank of the River Ure in Wensleydale. Historically within the North Riding of Yorkshire, the name was derived from 'Ley' or 'Le' (clearing), and 'burn' (stream), meaning clearing by the stream. The town boasts two markets, several pubs, two banks with cash machines, and many small specialty stores. Market day is Friday. It is served by local buses that connect to Richmond, Hawes and Bedale. The local Rotary Club sponsors the annual Wensleydale Wander in March or April. The Wander is an organised walk with two options; a shorter walk of 12 miles (19 km) and a longer walk of 22 miles (35 km).
Leyburn had a population of 1,844 at the 2001 census, but this swells in summer due to its picturesque position in proximity to the Yorkshire Dales national park. It contains a range of public services, with two primary schools and a secondary school which serves the whole of Wensleydale, a police station and a medical centre. A wide range of independently owned shops are situated around a market square with a number of pubs and bars to entertain tourists and locals. It is home to Tennant's auction house, a small department store called Milner's and others, including: Campbell's supermarket, a chocolate shop, a range of oriental takeaways, electrical stores, a hunting and sports shop and also an art shop.
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Lincolnshire
Coordinates: 53°4′N 0°11′W / 53.067°N 0.183°W / 53.067; -0.183
Lincolnshire ( /ˈlɪŋkənʃə/ or /ˈlɪŋkənʃɪə/; abbreviated Lincs) is a county in the east of England. It borders Norfolk to the south east, Cambridgeshire to the south, Rutland to the south west, Leicestershire and Nottinghamshire to the west, South Yorkshire to the northwest, and the East Riding of Yorkshire to the north. It also borders Northamptonshire in the south for just 20 yards (18 m), England's shortest county boundary. The county town is Lincoln, where the county council has its headquarters.
The ceremonial county of Lincolnshire is composed of the non-metropolitan county of Lincolnshire and the area covered by the unitary authorities of North Lincolnshire and North-East Lincolnshire. Therefore, part of the ceremonial county is in the Yorkshire and the Humber region, and part is in the East Midlands region. The county is the second largest of the English counties and one that is predominantly agricultural in land use. The county can be broken down into a number of geographical sub-regions including: the Lincolnshire Fens (south Lincolnshire), the Carrs (similar to the Fens but in north Lincolnshire), the Lincolnshire Wolds, and the industrial Humber Estuary and North Sea coast around Grimsby and Scunthorpe.
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Littondale
Littondale is a dale in the Craven district of the non-metropolitan county of North Yorkshire, England. It comprises the main settlements of Hawkswick, Arncliffe, Litton, Foxup and Halton Gill, and farmhouses that date from the 17th century. The main waterway in the dale is the River Skirfare which is fed by many small gills and becks.
Littondale is located to the west of Wharfedale and follows the River Skirfare. The nature of the dale and its characteristic smooth form was the result of many ice ages, especially the one 20,000 years ago. As the glacier for that age receded it left retreat moraine, an example of which can be found at Skirfare Bridge. Like neighbouring Wharfedale, Littondale comprises mainly Great Scar Limestone and Yoredale rock. The dale has a number of shake holes and sink-holes that lead to underground cave systems such as at Boreham Cave. At the head of the dale is Pen-y-ghent, one of the Yorkshire Three Peaks.
Littondale is rich in Bronze Age and Iron Age settlements, and has been a sheltered fertile valley for 5,000 years or more. Saxon cultivation terraces (lynchets) can be seen in the valley. After the Conquest, the Normans turned it into a hunting chase before the land was granted to the monks of Fountains Abbey in the 13th century, and became extensively used for sheep farming.
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Lonsdale (hundred)
Coordinates: 54°09′N 2°49′W / 54.15°N 2.82°W / 54.15; -2.82
Lonsdale was a hundred of Lancashire, England. For many decades, it covered most of the northwestern part of Lancashire around Morecambe Bay, including the detached part around Furness, and the city of Lancaster.
The name Lonsdale refers to the River Lune which flowed through the southern part of the hundred.
Places in the Lonsdale hundred included Lancaster, Bolton-le-Sands, Barrow-in-Furness, Dalton-in-Furness, Cockerham, Ulverston, and Morecambe. The Furness Peninsula was known as Lonsdale North of the Sands, the major part of which later constituted (from 1894 to 1974) the North Lonsdale Rural District.
In 1831, the population of males over twenty years old was given as 10,707, meaning the total population would likely be over 20,000 during that year.
Kirkby Lonsdale despite its name was not in the hundred as it lay in the Lonsdale Ward of Westmorland instead; and the villages of Burton-in-Lonsdale and Thornton-in-Lonsdale were within the West Riding of Yorkshire. These anomalies stem from the fact that the hundred once covered a larger area and is in fact more ancient than the county of Lancashire, being documented as part of Yorkshire in the Domesday Book.
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Low Bentham
Coordinates: 54°07′05″N 2°30′36″W / 54.118°N 2.510°W / 54.118; -2.510
Bentham is a small town and civil parish in the Craven district of North Yorkshire, England, with a population of 2,994. The town includes High Bentham, sometimes known as Higher Bentham, and Low Bentham. Bentham has a few youth groups for teenagers at the BYC (Bentham Youth Café) which is on the Main Street, Mondays Youth Club which is held by 4Youth and a separate youth drop-in Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursdays run by and held at the Youth Cafe, and GFI at the Methodist church. There is also Springboard and Adventurers at the Methodist Church for younger children.
The town lies on the River Wenning, west of the Yorkshire Dales National Park and on the northern edge of the Forest of Bowland. The original centre lay in Low Bentham, but a market was granted to High Bentham in the 14th century, and it became a centre for weaving from the 18th century, particularly after weavers in the town discovered how to weave hosepipes from flax.
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Malham
Coordinates: 54°03′40″N 2°09′11″W / 54.061°N 2.153°W / 54.061; -2.153
Malham is a village and civil parish in the Craven district of North Yorkshire, England. The name means "hollows", most probably referring to the basin of the cove. Situated in the Yorkshire Dales with a population of approximately 150. The surrounding countryside is well known for its limestone pavements and other examples of limestone scenery. The most obvious tourist attractions are Malham Tarn, Malham Cove, and the Dry valley. The village hosts an annual agricultural and horticultural show on the Saturday before the August Bank Holiday. This is known as the Malham Show and now has competitions for everything from Lego models to fell running. Another major annual event is the Malham Safari, where the villagers and particularly the local school build sculptures around the village. This event attracts many tourists and stalls are put up on the green.
Malham is a popular walkers' destination. The rise in tourism over Malham's history has led to some deterioration of the area's surrounding paths as tourists wander off the paths and cause pockets of erosion, a process often called "footpath erosion". The footpaths in the area are maintained by the Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority.
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Masham
Coordinates: 54°13′22″N 1°39′15″W / 54.2227°N 1.6541°W / 54.2227; -1.6541
Masham ( /ˈmæsəm/ MASS-əm) is a small market town and civil parish in the Harrogate district of North Yorkshire, England. It has a population of 1,235. Situated in Wensleydale on the western bank of the River Ure, the name derives from the Anglo-Saxon "Mæssa's Ham", the homestead belonging to Mæssa. The Romans had a presence here, but the first permanent settlers were the Angles. Around 900 AD the Vikings invaded the region, burning and laying waste to the church and causing great suffering in Masham. They also introduced sheep farming, something for which the town is well known today.
The nearest railway stations are Thirsk and Northallerton. Both are on the TransPennine Express line; Northallerton is also on the East Coast Main Line.
Masham was historically a large parish in the North Riding of Yorkshire. As well as the town of Masham the parish included the townships of Burton-on-Yore, Ellingstring, Ellington High and Low, Fearby, Healey with Sutton, Ilton cum Pott and Swinton. In 1866 the townships became separate civil parishes. Masham Moor was an area of moorland to the west of the parish bordering the West Riding, common to the parishes of Masham and East Witton. It was divided between the parishes of Healey, Ilton cum Pott and Colsterdale in 1934.
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Middlesbrough
Middlesbrough (i/ˈmɪdəlzbrə/ MID-əlz-brə) is a large town situated on the south bank of the River Tees in north east England, that sits within the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire. The local authority, a unitary authority, is Middlesbrough Borough Council.
Historically part of the North Riding of Yorkshire, in 1968 the town became the centre of the County Borough of Teesside, which was absorbed by the non-metropolitan county of Cleveland in 1974. In 1996 Cleveland was abolished, and Middlesbrough became a unitary authority, within the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire.
It is locally regarded that the town exceeds the confines of the Middlesbrough Borough to include the areas of Eston, Grangetown, Normanby, Ormesby, and South Bank which are wards of the neighbouring unitary authority of Redcar and Cleveland.[citation needed][by whom?]
To the northeast of Middlesbrough lies the Tees Estuary, approximately 6 miles (9.7 km) away. A few miles to the south lies the edge of the North York Moors National Park.
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Morecambe Bay
Morecambe Bay is a large bay in northwest England, nearly due east of the Isle of Man and just to the south of the Lake District National Park. It is the largest expanse of intertidal mudflats and sand in the United Kingdom, covering a total area of 310 km².
The rivers Leven, Kent, Keer, Lune and Wyre drain into the Bay, with their various estuaries making a number of peninsulas within the bay, such as Humphrey Head. Much of the land around the bay is reclaimed, forming salt marshes used in agriculture. Morecambe Bay is also an important wildlife site, with abundant bird life and varied marine habitats, and there is a bird observatory at Walney Island.
The bay is also notorious for its quicksand and fast moving tides (it is said that the tide can come in "as fast as a horse can run"). It is particularly infamous due to the '2004 Morecambe Bay Disaster' in which 23 Chinese illegal immigrant cockle pickers are believed to have drowned due to the tide.
There have been royally appointed local guides (holding the post of Queen's Guide to the Sands) for crossing the bay for centuries. This difficulty of crossing the bay added to the isolation of the land to its north which, due to the presence of the mountains of the Lake District, could only be reached by crossing these sands or by ferry, until the Furness Railway was built in 1857. This skirts the edge of the bay, crossing the various estuaries. The London-Glasgow railway also briefly runs alongside the bay - the only place where the so-called West Coast Main Line actually runs alongside the coast.
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North Yorkshire
North Yorkshire is a county in England. It is a non-metropolitan or shire county located in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England, and a ceremonial county primarily in that region but partly in North East England. Created in 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972 it covers an area of 8,654 square kilometres (3,341 sq mi), making it the largest ceremonial county in England. The majority of the Yorkshire Dales and all of the North York Moors lie within North Yorkshire's boundaries, and around 40% of the county is covered by National Parks. The county town is Northallerton.
The area under the control of the county council, or shire county, is divided into a number of local government districts; they are Craven, Hambleton, Harrogate, Richmondshire, Ryedale, Scarborough and Selby.
The Department for Communities and Local Government did consider reorganising North Yorkshire County Council's administrative structure by abolishing the seven district councils and the county council to create a North Yorkshire unitary authority. The changes were planned to be implemented no later than 1 April 2009. This was rejected on 25 July 2007 so the County Council and District Council structure will remain.
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Northallerton
Coordinates: 54°20′16″N 1°25′43″W / 54.3378°N 1.4285°W / 54.3378; -1.4285
Northallerton ( /ˌnɔːˈθælətən/) is an affluentmarket town and civil parish in the Hambleton district of North Yorkshire, England. It lies in the Vale of Mowbray and at the northern end of the Vale of York. It has a population of 15,741 according to the 2001 census. It has served as the county town of the North Riding of Yorkshire and since 1974, of North Yorkshire.
There has been a settlement at Northallerton since Roman times, however its growth in importance began in the 11th century when King William II gifted land to the Bishop of Durham. Under the Bishop's authority Northallerton became an important centre for religious affairs. It was also a focus for much conflict in subsequent years between the English and the Scots, most notably the Battle of the Standard, nearby in 1138, which saw losses of as many as 12,000 men.
In later years trade and transport became more important. Lying on the main route between Edinburgh and London it became an important stopping point for coaches travelling the route, eventually superseded by the growth of the railways in the 19th century. Lying in the centre of a large rural area Northallerton was established as a market town in 1200 by Royal Charter, and there is still a market in the town today.
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Norton-on-Derwent
Coordinates: 54°07′55″N 0°46′59″W / 54.132°N 0.783°W / 54.132; -0.783
Norton-on-Derwent, commonly referred to as simply Norton, is a town and civil parish in the Ryedale district of North Yorkshire, England. Norton borders the market town of Malton, and is divided by the River Derwent. The 2001 census gave the population of the parish as 6,943.
From 1894 to 1974 it was an urban district in the East Riding of Yorkshire.
Norton is served by two main educational institutions: Norton Primary School, and Norton College, which holds specialist Technology College status. Norton College has recently added a newly built sixth form college and a playgroup.
In the nearby village of Langton is the independent preparatory school Woodleigh School.
Norton, along with Malton, is well-known throughout the horse racing industry for the town's many stables.
Malton and Norton Golf Club is a 27 hole golf course located off Welham Road, covered a large part of the south-west end of the town. The club is the 'home club' of European Tour professional Simon Dyson.
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Oakworth
Oakworth is a village in West Yorkshire, England, near Keighley, by the River Worth. The name "Oakworth" indicates that the village was first established in a heavily wooded area.
Oakworth railway station is on the route of the Keighley and Worth Valley Railway and was a location in the film The Railway Children.
Holden Park in Oakworth occupies the grounds of an historic house owned by Sir Isaac Holden, an inventor who is said to have invented the lucifer match and revolutionised the process of wool carding. After Holden's death in 1897, his house, called Oakworth House, and its contents were sold at auction, and the house was all but destroyed by fire in 1907. All that remains of the original building is the portico.
Oakworth Primary School is situated in the grounds of Sir Isaac Holden's estate, along with Holden Park. The school playground has sloping sides because it was once a lake in the ornamental gardens in front of Oakworth House.[citation needed] The school is attended by children aged between 3 - 11. It has gone through many changes since it was first built. Its original name was 'Oakworth First School', which taught children up to the age of 9, when children would then progress to middle school. This system changed in 2000, so that Oakworth Primary School expanded to cover years 5 and 6.[citation needed]
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Oban
Coordinates: 56°24′44″N 5°28′13″W / 56.412356°N 5.470232°W / 56.412356; -5.470232
Oban (( listen (help·info); An t-Òban in Scottish Gaelic meaning The Little Bay) is a resort town within the Argyll and Bute council area of Scotland. It has a total resident population of 8,120. Despite its small size, it is the largest town between Helensburgh and Fort William and during the tourist season the town can be crowded by up to 25,000 people. Oban occupies a beautiful setting in the Firth of Lorn. Oban Bay is a near perfect horseshoe bay, protected by the island of Kerrera, and beyond Kerrera is Mull. To the north is the long low island of Lismore, and the mountains of Morvern and Ardgour.
In Oban, which is also known as "The Gateway to the Isles", some 9.4% of the population speak Gaelic.
Attractions in Oban include the Waterfront Centre, the War and Peace museum, the Chocolate Factory, the Scottish Sea Life Sanctuary, the Cathedral of St Columba, the Oban Distillery, Dunollie Castle, Dunollie House, Dunstaffnage Castle and McCaig's Tower, which dominates the town's skyline. Oban is a convenient base from which to explore the sights of Kilmartin Glen.
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Pendle
Coordinates: 53°52′08″N 2°09′50″W / 53.869°N 2.164°W / 53.869; -2.164
Pendle is a local government district and borough of Lancashire, England. It adjoins the Lancashire boroughs of Burnley and Ribble Valley, the North Yorkshire district of Craven and the West Yorkshire districts of Calderdale and the City of Bradford. It has a total population of about 90,000 people, and is represented in Parliament by Andrew Stephenson, Conservative.
It was created in 1974 as a result of local government reorganisation from the former Municipal Boroughs of Nelson and Colne, the former urban districts of Barnoldswick, Barrowford, Brierfield, Earby and Trawden, and from parts of Burnley Rural District and Skipton Rural District. It was named after the historical district of Pendle Forest, whose ancient lordship has been held by the Barons Clitheroe since 1945. The Barnoldswick, Earby and Skipton parts are historically in the West Riding of Yorkshire.
The three main employers in the borough are Rolls-Royce plc, Silentnight and the Daisy Group.
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Redcar
Coordinates: 54°37′07″N 1°04′07″W / 54.61856°N 1.06856°W / 54.61856; -1.06856
Redcar is a seaside resort in the north east of England, and a major town in the unitary authority of Redcar and Cleveland in the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire. It lies 7.5 miles (12.1 km) east-northeast of Middlesbrough by the North Sea coast. The combined population of the wards of Coatham, Dormanstown, Kirkleatham, Newcomen, West Dyke and Zetland was 36,610 in the 2001 census.
Redcar originated as a fishing town in the early 14th century, trading with the larger adjacent market town of Coatham. Until the mid 19th century it was a sub-parish of the village of Marske-by-the-Sea, when Redcar emerged as a seaside tourist destination. With the opening of the Middlesbrough to Redcar Railway in 1846, Redcar became a resort for Victorian tourists.
Redcar means "(place by the) red marsh" from the Old English rēad "red" and Old Scandinavian kjarr. However the first part of the name could also represent OE hrēod, (reed), giving a sense "reedy marshland", referring to the low lying land by the sea on which Redcar lies. Redcar originated as a fishing town in the 14th century, trading with the larger adjacent market town of Coatham. Until the mid 19th century it was a sub-parish of the local village of Marske-by-the-Sea (mentioned in the Domesday book).
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Redcar and Cleveland
The borough of Redcar & Cleveland is a unitary authority in the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England consisting of Redcar, Saltburn-by-the-Sea, Guisborough, and small towns such as Brotton, Eston, Skelton and Loftus. It had a resident population of 139,132 in 2001, and is part of the Tees Valley economic area. It is represented in Parliament by Ian Swales (Liberal Democrat) for the Redcar constituency and by Tom Blenkinsop (Labour) for the Middlesbrough South and East Cleveland constituency.
The district was created in 1974 as the borough of Langbaurgh, one of four districts of the new non-metropolitan county of Cleveland. It was formed from the Coatham, Kirkleatham, Ormesby, Redcar and South Bank wards of the county borough of Teesside, along with Guisborough, Loftus, Saltburn and Marske-by-the-Sea, Eston Grange and Skelton and Brotton urban districts, from the North Riding of Yorkshire. The borough was named after the ancient Langbaurgh wapentake of Yorkshire. On 1 January 1988 the borough was renamed as Langbaurgh-on-Tees.
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Ribble Valley
Ribble Valley is a local government district with borough status within the non-metropolitan county of Lancashire, England. Its council is based in Clitheroe. Other places include Whalley, Longridge and Ribchester. The area is so called due to the River Ribble which flows in its final stages towards its estuary near Preston. The area is popular with tourists who enjoy the area's natural unspoilt beauty, much of which lies within the Forest of Bowland.
The Ribble Valley is statistically the wealthiest enclave in Lancashire and businesses in the area reflect this, including a Michelin listed restaurant and a Bentley car dealership. The area is a popular place with those who wish to relocate from London to somewhere more rural and community orientated.
The district was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, as a merger of the municipal borough of Clitheroe, Longridge urban district, Clitheroe Rural District, part of Blackburn Rural District, part of Burnley Rural District, and part of Preston Rural District, as well as the Bowland Rural District from the West Riding of Yorkshire, hence the addition of the Red Rose of Lancaster and White Rose of York on the council's coat of arms.
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Ribblesdale
The River Ribble is a river that runs through North Yorkshire and Lancashire, in northern England. The river's drainage basin also includes parts of Greater Manchester around Wigan.
The Ribble begins at the confluence of the Gayle Beck and Cam Beck near the famous viaduct at Ribblehead, in the shadow of the Yorkshire three peaks.
It flows through Settle, Clitheroe, Ribchester and Preston, before emptying into the Irish Sea between Lytham St. Annes and Southport, a length of 75 miles (121 km).
The main tributaries of the Ribble are the Hodder and Calder which join the river near Great Mitton, the River Darwen which joins at Walton-le-Dale and the River Douglas which joins near Hesketh Bank.
The Ribble Way is a long-distance footpath which follows the river for much of its course. The Ribble marked the northernmost extent of the ancient kingdom of Mercia. At the time of the Domesday Book, the river formed the northern boundary of an area of land (known as Inter Ripam et Mersam) that was included in the Domesday information for Cheshire, though it was probably not formally part of the county of Cheshire.
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Richmondshire
Coordinates: 54°19′48″N 2°00′43″W / 54.330°N 2.012°W / 54.330; -2.012
Richmondshire is a local government district of North Yorkshire, England. It covers a large northern area of the Yorkshire Dales including Swaledale and Arkengarthdale, Wensleydale and Coverdale, with the prominent Scots' Dyke and Scotch Corner along the centre. Teesdale lies to the north. It is larger than four of the English counties, such as Berkshire.
The history of this district in antiquity is not well known, but the closest important Roman settlement was at Catterick in what became known as Rheged, site of the Battle of Catterick. At the terminus of Scandinavian York, there was a local bout of rebellion in Stainmore, which resulted in the death of Eric Bloodaxe. The Scandinavian settlement of this area was eastwards from the Irish Sea with names such as Gilpatrick in Middleham and Thorfinn in Bedale occurring at the time of the Domesday Book. At the time of the Norman Conquest it was the Fee of Gillingshire, held by Edwin, Earl of Mercia.Gillingshire was made up of the Borough of Richmond and five wapentakes of Gilling West, Gilling East, Hang West, Hang East and Hallikeld. After the Harrying of the North, the land became capital of the Duchy of Brittany's Honour of Richmond (first as a barony, then a county and later a dukedom). The honour of Richmond was one of the three largest lordships created by William the Conqueror. He granted it to his cousin, Alan the Red, brother of the Duke of Brittany. Alan had other English estates and by the time that Domesday Book was compiled he was one of the richest and most powerful barons. He died in 1093 and was succeeded by two of his brothers in turn. The family held on to this estate until 1399. Work on the castle started in 1071 after the northern rebellions had died down.
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Ripon
Coordinates: 54°08′17″N 1°31′25″W / 54.13796°N 1.52365°W / 54.13796; -1.52365
Ripon is a cathedral city, market town and successor parish in the Borough of Harrogate, North Yorkshire, England, located at the confluence of two streams of the River Ure in the form of the Laver and Skell. The city is noted for its main feature the Ripon Cathedral which is architecturally significant, as well as the Ripon Racecourse and other features such as its market. The city itself is just over 1,300 years old.
The city was originally known as Inhrypum and was founded by Saint Wilfrid during the time of Angle kingdom Northumbria, a period during which it enjoyed prominence in terms of religious importance in Great Britain. After a period of Viking control, it passed to the Cerdic dynasty who unified England and then the Normans who destroyed much of the city. After a brief period of building projects under the Plantagenets, the city emerged with a prominent wool and cloth industry. Ripon became well known for its production of spurs during the 16th and 17th century, but would later remain largely unaffected by the Industrial Revolution.
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River Aire
The River Aire is a major river in Yorkshire, England, 71 miles (114 km) in length. Part of the river is canalised, and is known as the Aire and Calder Navigation.
The Aire rises at Malham Tarn, flowing underground to Aire Head, near Malham, in North Yorkshire, and then flows through Gargrave and Skipton. After Cononley, the river enters West Yorkshire where it passes through the former industrial areas of Keighley, Bingley, Saltaire and Shipley. It then passes through Leeds and on to the villages of Swillington and Woodlesford. At Castleford is the confluence of the Aire and Calder; just downstream of the confluence was the ford where the ancient British road, used by the Romans, crossed on its way north to York. The river re-enters North Yorkshire near Knottingley and in its lower reaches forms part of the boundary between North Yorkshire and the East Riding of Yorkshire.
The River Aire empties into the River Ouse at Airmyn, 'myn' being an old English word for 'river mouth'. The name possibly derived from Brythonic *Isara, meaning "strong river". The Aire could have been the winwœd or winwæd written about in Old English, from the Old English elements winnan or win ("strife", "fight") and wæd ("shallow water", "ford"), however others have proposed that it is actually the Went (also called the "wynt" in Old English) or the Cock Beck (see Battle of the Winwaed). Still others have claimed that it is actually the name of the battle and not the body of water itself.
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River Foss
The River Foss is an improved river in North Yorkshire, England, and a tributary of the River Ouse. It rises in the Foss Crooks woods near Oulston reservoir close to the village of Yearsley and runs south through the Vale of York to the Ouse. The name most likely comes from the Roman word Fossa, meaning ditch and is mentioned in the Domesday Book.
The responsibility for the management of the river's drainage area lies with the Foss Internal Drainage Board (IDB). It has responsibility for the area from Crayke to the pre-1991 city boundary of York covering 9,085 hectares and 162.54 km of waterways. The Foss IDB is itself part of the York Consortium of Drainage Boards that oversees 10 IDB's in the Yorkshire region.
The typical river level range at the Foss Barrier is between 5.05m and 7.90m. The highest river level recorded at this location was 10.20 metres and the river level reached 9.34 metres on 23 January 2008.
The source of this river is a spring situated in the Howardian Hills adjacent to, and flowing into, Oulston Reservoir near Newburgh Priory, 4 miles (6.5 km) north of Easingwold. From there to the Blue Bridge in York, where it joins the River Ouse, it is 19.5 miles (31 km) in length. For part of its way it runs close to the B1363 between Brandsby and Stillington. The river flows in a series of wide meanders in southerly direction for most of its course towards York. As of 2010 the river is only navigable for some 1.5 miles (2 km) upstream of Castle Mills Lock. The bridges by Peasholme Green and Foss Bank restrict the headroom to an air space of 2.4 metres.
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River Ribble
The River Ribble is a river that runs through North Yorkshire and Lancashire, in northern England. The river's drainage basin also includes parts of Greater Manchester around Wigan.
The Ribble begins at the confluence of the Gayle Beck and Cam Beck near the famous viaduct at Ribblehead, in the shadow of the Yorkshire three peaks.
It flows through Settle, Clitheroe, Ribchester and Preston, before emptying into the Irish Sea between Lytham St. Annes and Southport, a length of 75 miles (121 km).
The main tributaries of the Ribble are the Hodder and Calder which join the river near Great Mitton, the River Darwen which joins at Walton-le-Dale and the River Douglas which joins near Hesketh Bank.
The Ribble Way is a long-distance footpath which follows the river for much of its course. The Ribble marked the northernmost extent of the ancient kingdom of Mercia. At the time of the Domesday Book, the river formed the northern boundary of an area of land (known as Inter Ripam et Mersam) that was included in the Domesday information for Cheshire, though it was probably not formally part of the county of Cheshire.
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River Swale
The River Swale is a river in Yorkshire, England and a major tributary of the River Ure, which itself becomes the River Ouse, emptying into the North Sea via the Humber Estuary.
The name Swale is from the Anglo-Saxon word Sualuae meaning rapid and liable to deluge. Annual rainfall figures of 1800mm p.a. in the headwaters and 1300mm p.a. in the lower waters over a drop of 148m in 32 km, gives proof to its name. The river gives its name to the valley through which it flows, namely Swaledale.
The river and its valley are home to many types of flora and fauna typical to the Yorkshire Dales. Like similar rivers in the region, the river carves through several types of rock and has features typical of both river and glacial erosion. The River Swale has been a contributory factor in the settlements that have been recorded throughout its history. It has provided water to aid in the raising of crops and livestock, but also in the various mining activities that have occurred since Roman times and before.
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River Tees
The River Tees is in northern England. It rises on the eastern slope of Cross Fell in the North Pennines, and flows eastwards for 85 miles (137 km) to reach the North Sea between Hartlepool and Redcar near to Middlesbrough.
It drains an area of 708 square miles (1834 square km) and subsumes no important tributaries. Before the reorganization of the historic English counties, the river formed the boundary between County Durham and Yorkshire. In its lower reaches it now forms the boundary between the ceremonial counties of County Durham and North Yorkshire, while in the highest part of its course it forms the boundary between the historic counties of Westmorland and Durham. The head of the valley, whose upper portion is known as Teesdale, has a desolate grandeur, surrounded by hills, some exceeding 2500 feet (762 m), and bleak moorland. This area is part of the North Pennine Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, recently designated a geological Europark, the first in the UK. In the headwaters is the Cow Green Reservoir constructed to store water to be released in dry conditions to supoport industrial need for water on Teesside.
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River Wenning
The River Wenning is a tributary of the River Lune, flowing through North Yorkshire and Lancashire.
The Wenning rises at Clapham in Yorkshire and flows westwards through High Bentham, Low Bentham and Wennington.
It joins the River Lune approx. 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) east of Hornby.
This river's valley, together with Airedale and Wharfedale make up the district of Craven.
Coordinates: 54°06′N 2°39′W / 54.1°N 2.65°W / 54.1; -2.65
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River Wharfe
The River Wharfe is a river in Yorkshire, England. For much of its length it is the county boundary between West Yorkshire and North Yorkshire. The name Wharfe is Celtic and means "twisting, winding".
The valley of the River Wharfe is known as Wharfedale. The river source is at Beckermonds, Langstrothdale in the Yorkshire Dales National Park and flows through Kettlewell, Grassington, Bolton Abbey, Addingham, Ilkley, Burley-in-Wharfedale, Otley, Wetherby and Tadcaster. It then flows into the River Ouse near Cawood. The section of the river from its source to around Addingham is known as Upper Wharfedale and has a very different character to the river downstream.
The river is approximately 97 km long before it joins the River Ouse. It is a public navigation from the weir at Tadcaster to its junction with the River Ouse near Cawood and tidal from Ulleskelf.
The river source is the confluence of Oughtershaw Beck and Green Field Beck in Langstrothdale near Beckermonds. It flows east and south east taking the flows from many small streams, whose sources are the shake holes from Yockenthwaite Moor on the north bank and Horse Head Moor on the south bank. After Hubberholme, the river flows south past Buckden and Starbotton and then south east past Kettlewell before flowing south again. Near Conistone are the gentle waterfalls of Scar Lash. Shortly before reaching Grassington, the river turns south east over Linton Falls. South of Appletreewick, the river flows south west for a short distance until it reaches Gill Beck and returns southward. To the north of Bolton Bridge, the river narrows and goes over waterfalls in an area known as The Strid. The river winds south and south east towards Ilkley where it heads east through Otley and Collingham. It briefly flows north to Wetherby before turning south and then south east past Ulleskelf to the confluence with the River Ouse.
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Ryedale
Coordinates: 54°08′20″N 0°47′24″W / 54.139°N 0.79°W / 54.139; -0.79
Ryedale is a non-metropolitan district of the shire county of North Yorkshire in England. Settlements include Helmsley, Kirkbymoorside, Malton, Norton-on-Derwent, Pickering, and Terrington.
The name refers to the River Rye and was previously used for the Ryedale wapentake of Yorkshire, that covered roughly the same area. The current district was formed on 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, and was a merger of urban district of Norton and Norton Rural District, from the historic East Riding of Yorkshire, along with the urban districts of Malton and Pickering with Flaxton Rural District, Helmsley Rural District, Kirkbymoorside Rural District, Malton Rural District and Pickering Rural District, all from the North Riding of Yorkshire.
The district lost about half its population in 1996, when an expanded City of York became a unitary authority, specifically the parishes of Clifton Without, Earswick, Haxby, Heworth Without, Holtby, Huntington, Murton, New Earswick, Osbaldwick, Rawcliffe, Skelton, Stockton-on-the-Forest, Strensall, Towthorpe, and Wigginton According to the 2001 census these parishes combined had a population of 50,163, compared to the population of the rump Ryedale district of 50,872.
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Saltburn-by-the-Sea
Coordinates: 54°34′58″N 0°58′24″W / 54.5828°N 0.9732°W / 54.5828; -0.9732
Saltburn-by-the-Sea is a seaside resort in the unitary authority of Redcar and Cleveland and the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. The town is around 12 miles (19 km) east of Middlesbrough, and had a population of 5,912 at the 2001 Census.
Old Saltburn is the original settlement, located in the seaside area of Saltburn Gill. Records are scarce on its origins, but it was centre of local sea smugglers, with Landlord John Andrew referred to as the "King of smugglers."
In the mid 18th century, the authors Laurence Sterne and John Hall-Stevenson enjoyed racing chariots on the sands at Saltburn. In 1856, the hamlet consisted of the Ship Inn and a row of houses, containing mainly farmers and fishermen.
The development of both Middlesbrough and Saltburn was driven by the discovery of iron stone in the Cleveland Hills, the monies of the Pease family of Darlington, and the development of two railways to extract the minerals.
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Salterforth
Coordinates: 53°54′18″N 2°10′12″W / 53.905°N 2.170°W / 53.905; -2.170
Salterforth is a village and civil parish within the Borough of Pendle in Lancashire, England. It lies on the B6383 road that connects Barnoldswick to the A56 road at Kelbrook. The Leeds and Liverpool Canal cuts through the village and there are several narrowboat moorings at Salterforth. The canal footpath provides a picturesque walk to Barnoldswick or to Foulridge in the opposite direction.
Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, Salterforth used to be within Skipton Rural District until 1974. Some of the local area is referred to as West Craven alluding to Salterforth's cultural links to the Craven area of North Yorkshire.
Other local towns and villages are; Barnoldswick - 1 mile (1.6 km) north west, Kelbrook - 2 miles (3.2 km) east, Earby - 2 miles (3.2 km) north east, Thornton in Craven 3 miles (4.8 km) north east, Foulridge - 2 miles (3.2 km) south and Colne 3.5 miles (5.6 km) south.
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Sawley, Lancashire
Coordinates: 53°54′50″N 2°20′28″W / 53.914°N 2.341°W / 53.914; -2.341
Sawley is a village and civil parish in the Borough of Ribble Valley in Lancashire, England. It is situated north-east of Clitheroe, on the River Ribble. It is historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire.
Sawley shares a parish council with two other parishes, Bolton-by-Bowland and Gisburn Forest.
Sawley Abbey, a ruined abbey of Cistercian monks, is in the village. The abbey was founded in 1147 and dissolved in 1536. Historically, Sawley fell under the Earl of Northumberland's Percy fee rather than being part of the powerful neighbouring Lordship of Bowland.
Media related to Sawley, Lancashire at Wikimedia Commons
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Scotland
Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Alba ([ˈalˠ̪apə] listen (help·info))) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the southwest. In addition to the mainland, Scotland constitutes over 790 islands including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides.
Edinburgh, the country's capital and second largest city, is one of Europe's largest financial centres. Edinburgh was the hub of the Scottish Enlightenment of the 18th century, which transformed Scotland into one of the commercial, intellectual and industrial powerhouses of Europe. Glasgow, Scotland's largest city, was once one of the world's leading industrial cities and now lies at the centre of the Greater Glasgow conurbation. Scottish waters consist of a large sector of the North Atlantic and the North Sea, containing the largest oil reserves in the European Union. This has given Aberdeen, the third largest city in Scotland, the title of Europe's oil capital.
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Selby
Coordinates: 53°46′54″N 1°04′13″W / 53.781789°N 1.070309°W / 53.781789; -1.070309
Selby is a town and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. Situated 12 miles (19.3 km) south of the city of York, along the course of the River Ouse, Selby is the largest and, with a population of 13,012, most populous settlement of the wider Selby local government district.
Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, much of the wealth of the town was facilitated via Selby's position upon the banks of the River Ouse. In the past, Selby had a large shipbuilding industry and was an important port, for the most part due to the Selby Canal which brought trade from the city of Leeds.
The town’s origins date from the establishment of a Viking settlement on the banks of the River Ouse. Archaeological investigations in Selby have revealed extensive remains, including waterlogged deposits in the core of the town dating from the Roman period onwards. It is believed that Selby originated as a settlement called Seletun which was referred to in the Anglo Saxon Chronicle of AD 779.
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Selby (district)
Coordinates: 53°46′37″N 1°04′44″W / 53.777°N 1.079°W / 53.777; -1.079
Selby is a local government district of North Yorkshire, England. The local authority, Selby District Council, is based in the town of Selby and provides services to an area which includes Tadcaster and a host of villages.
The district was formed on 1 April 1974 by the merger of Selby Urban District, Selby Rural District and parts of Derwent Rural District, Hemsworth Rural District, Osgoldcross Rural District and Tadcaster Rural District. Of them, Derwent Rural District was in the historic East Riding of Yorkshire, but the rest were in the West Riding of Yorkshire.
On 1 April 1996, the parishes of Acaster Malbis, Askham Bryan, Askham Richard, Bishopthorpe, Copmanthorpe, Deighton, Dunnington, Elvington, Fulford, Heslington, Kexby, Naburn and Wheldrake were all transferred from the district to form part of the new City of York unitary authority. According to the 2001 census, those parishes had a population of 22,873.
Selby is twinned with Carentan in France and Filderstadt in Germany.
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Settle
Coordinates: 54°04′20″N 2°16′55″W / 54.07213°N 2.28189°W / 54.07213; -2.28189
Settle is a small market town and civil parish within the Craven district of North Yorkshire, England. Historically within the West Riding of Yorkshire, it is served by the Settle railway station, which is located near the town centre, and Giggleswick railway station which is a mile away. It is 29 miles (47 km) from Leeds Bradford Airport. The main road running through Settle is the B6480, which links to the A65, connecting Settle to Skipton and Kendal. The town has a population of 2,421 according to the 2001 Census.
Settle is thought to be of Anglian 7th century origins, its name being the Angle word for settlement. After the Harrying of the North between 1069 and 1071, the area was described in the Domesday Book as "waste". A market charter was granted to Henry de Percy (1228–1272) by Henry III in 1249. A market square developed and the main route through the medieval town was aligned on an east-west direction, from what is now Albert Hill down Victoria Street, High Street and Cheapside and on through Kirkgate. This led to Giggleswick, important because it was here that citizens had to go to attend the parish church. The first bridge over the River Ribble was mentioned in 1498.
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Sheffield
Sheffield
i/ˈʃɛfiːld/ is a city and metropolitan borough of South Yorkshire, England. Its name derives from the River Sheaf, which runs through the city. Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, and with some of its southern suburbs annexed from Derbyshire, the city has grown from its largely industrial roots to encompass a wider economic base. The population of the City of Sheffield is 555,500 (2010 est.) and it is one of the eight largest regional English cities that make up the English Core Cities Group.
During the 19th century, Sheffield gained an international reputation for steel production. Many innovations were developed locally, including crucible and stainless steel, fuelling an almost tenfold increase in the population during the Industrial Revolution. Sheffield received its municipal charter in 1843, becoming the City of Sheffield in 1893. International competition in iron and steel caused a decline in traditional local industries during the 1970s and 1980s, coinciding with the collapse of coal mining in the area.
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Silsden
Coordinates: 53°54′50″N 1°56′13″W / 53.914°N 1.937°W / 53.914; -1.937
Silsden is a town and civil parish situated in West Yorkshire, England. It lies on the northern slope of the Aire Valley between Keighley and Skipton. It is about 0.6 miles (1 km) from the river. Along the lower edge of the town is the Leeds and Liverpool Canal. The town has a population of 7,999.
Silsden was mentioned in the 1086 Domesday Book (Siglesdene) as the most important village in Craven.
Generally an agricultural area, industry came with the canal and the Industrial Revolution. The town hosted a number of mills none of which now operate in their original form. There is still industry in the town, some in old mill buildings and some in a new industrial estate between the town and the river. The town retains some manufacturing.
In 1911 there was a riot in Silsden when the locals attacked the police station. A very unpopular policeman had been too enthusiastic in his duties. Questions were raised in the House of Commons and it was reported in the national press. The policeman was removed from the town and no more trouble occurred. During the 1940s a hostel was built where the fire station now stands on Elliot Street to house the refugees and PoW from various countries and various camps. In 1998 a hoard of 27 gold coins dating back to the 1st century AD were found in the town and subsequently valued at £20,000 by experts appointed by the Department of Culture, Media and Sport.
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Skelton-in-Cleveland
Coordinates: 54°33′43″N 0°59′15″W / 54.5619°N 0.9874°W / 54.5619; -0.9874
Skelton-in-Cleveland is a small town in the civil parish of Skelton and Brotton in the unitary authority of Redcar and Cleveland and the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire in the North East of England. It is situated at the foot of the Cleveland Hills and about 10 miles (16 km) east of Middlesbrough. Skelton is made up of North Skelton, Skelton Green, Old Skelton and New Skelton. The first real mention of Skelton is in the Domesday Book, which talks about taxes collected. Skelton Castle was built in 12th century by the de Brus (Bruce) family. The population of Skelton-in-Cleveland is 6396 (2001 census).
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Skipton
Coordinates: 53°57′43″N 2°01′01″W / 53.962°N 2.017°W / 53.962; -2.017
Skipton (also known as Skipton-in-Craven) is a market town and civil parish within the Craven district of North Yorkshire, England. It is located along the course of both the Leeds and Liverpool Canal and the River Aire, on the south side of the Yorkshire Dales, 16 miles (26 km) northwest of Bradford and 38 miles (61 km) west of York. At the time of the United Kingdom Census 2001, Skipton had a population of 14,313.
Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, Skipton was anciently distinguished by Skipton Castle, first constructed in 1090 as a wooden motte-and-bailey by Robert de Romille, a Norman baron. In the 12th century William le Gros replaced it with a stone keep as a means to repel attacks from the Kingdom of Scotland to the north,[citation needed] the erection of which elevated Skipton from a poor dependent village to a burgh administered by a reve. The protection offered by Skipton Castle during the Middle Ages encouraged the urbanisation of the surrounding area, and during times of war and disorder, attracted an influx of families.
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Slaidburn
Coordinates: 53°58′04″N 2°26′09″W / 53.967783°N 2.435927°W / 53.967783; -2.435927
Slaidburn is a village and civil parish within the Ribble Valley district of Lancashire, England. With a population in 2001 of just under 300, it covers just over 5000 acres of the Forest of Bowland. Historically, a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, Slaidburn lies near the head of the River Hodder and Stocks Reservoir, both within the Forest of Bowland, an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. Farming is still a major employer, but the area attracts tourists; for walking in particular. The civil parish of Slaidburn shares a parish council with Easington, a rural parish to the north of Slaidburn.
The parish church of St Andrew has a superb Jacobean screen and a fine Georgian pulpit. The brass band composer William Rimmer (1862–1936) composed the now-popular march, named Slaidburn after the village, for the Slaidburn Silver Band. A new village hall has opened to much fanfare and is being well used. There is a local pub, The Hark To Bounty, which upstairs houses the ancient halmote or courthouse of the Manor of Slaidburn
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South Pennines
Coordinates: 53°37′16″N 1°44′28″W / 53.621°N 1.741°W / 53.621; -1.741
The South Pennines is a region of moorland and hill country in Northern England lying towards the southern end of the Pennines. It is bounded to the west by the Forest of Rossendale (sometimes referred to as the West Pennines) and the Yorkshire Dales to the north. To the east it is fringed by the towns of West and South Yorkshire whilst to the south it is often considered to end at the northern edge of the Peak District national park. However some definitions of the region include the Peak District which extends to the eastern fringes of Greater Manchester and Cheshire and into north Derbyshire and a small part of north west Staffordshire.
A number of densely populated valleys are incised into these uplands, notably that of the River Calder which provides a low-level route for road, railway and canal between Lancashire and West Yorkshire. The towns of Hebden Bridge and Todmorden are situated within their confines. The region is surrounded by former mill towns such as Burnley, Nelson, Colne, Littleborough and Halifax.
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South Yorkshire
South Yorkshire is a metropolitan county in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England. It has a population of 1.29 million. It consists of four metropolitan boroughs: Barnsley, Doncaster, Rotherham, and City of Sheffield. South Yorkshire was created on 1 April 1974 as a result of the Local Government Act 1972.
Lying on the east side of the Pennines, South Yorkshire is landlocked, and borders Derbyshire (to the south-west), West Yorkshire (to the northwest), North Yorkshire (to the north), the East Riding of Yorkshire (to the northeast), Lincolnshire (to the east) and Nottinghamshire (to the southeast). The Sheffield Urban Area is the ninth most populous conurbation in the UK, and dominates the western half of South Yorkshire with over half of the county's population living within it.
South Yorkshire County Council was abolished in 1986, and so its districts (the metropolitan boroughs) are now effectively unitary authority areas; however, the metropolitan county, which is some 1,552 square kilometres (599 sq mi), continues to exist in law and as a geographic frame of reference. As a ceremonial county, South Yorkshire has a Lord Lieutenant and a High Sheriff.
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Stirling
Coordinates: 56°07′02″N 3°56′23″W / 56.117222°N 3.939722°W / 56.117222; -3.939722
Stirling (Gaelic: Sruighlea pronounced [ˈs̪t̪ruʝlə]) is a city and former ancient burgh in Scotland, and is at the heart of the wider Stirling council area. The city is clustered around a large fortress and medieval old-town beside the River Forth. Historically it was strategically important as the "Gateway to the Highlands", with its position near the boundary between the Scottish Lowlands and Highlands, and its crossing of the Forth, the nearest to the river mouth.
Once the capital of Scotland, Stirling contains the Great Hall (restored 1999) and the Renaissance Palace (restoration completed 2011) within the Castle that rivalled any building in Europe at the time. Stirling also has its medieval parish church, The Church of the Holy Rude, where King James VI was crowned King of Scots on 29 July 1567. The Holy Rude still functions as living church with a service every Sunday.
Stirling is a centre for local government, higher education, retail, and light industry. Its population in 2008 was 33,710, for Stirling itself, the wider urban area including Bridge of Allan and Bannockburn has a population of 45,750. This makes it the smallest city in Scotland: indeed it is smaller than many of Scotland's larger towns.
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Stokesley
Coordinates: 54°28′16″N 1°11′26″W / 54.4712°N 1.1905°W / 54.4712; -1.1905
Stokesley is a small market town and civil parish in the Hambleton district of North Yorkshire, England. It lies on the River Leven. Stokesley is located about two miles south of the boundary of the borough of Middlesbrough and ten miles south of Middlesbrough town centre. Stokesley is located between Middlesbrough, Guisborough and Northallerton, in a farming area. Local attractions for visitors include nearby Great Ayton, Captain Cook's monument, Roseberry Topping and the North York Moors.
Stokesley was first granted a charter to hold fairs in 1223 by Henry III. The Pack Horse Bridge, crossing the River Leven from the riverside walk, dates from the 17th century. Renowned for its large range of building types, the latter construction within Stokesley of sundry fine Georgian architecture is thought to have contributed much to its later character. Other prominent historical features around the town include the Mill Wheel, thought to represent the site of a mill recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086. The famous survey, by William the Conqueror, also contained the first written record of "a church and priest" in Stokesley. Its equivalent today, The Church of St Peter and St Paul, is located just off the market Plain and has woodwork carved by the Mouseman of Kilburn.
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Sutton-in-Craven
Sutton-in-Craven is a village and civil parish in the Craven district of North Yorkshire, England that is situated in the Aire Valley between Skipton and Keighley. In 2001 the population was 3,480. The village is adjacent to Glusburn and Cross Hills, but although these three effectively form a small town, Sutton village maintains its distinct identity.
The village existed before 1086 as "Sutun": listed in the Domesday Book. The landowner then was Ravenkeld who was taxed on 240 acres (100 hectares) of ploughland. But lands were then given by the Norman crown to its compatriots: Robert de Romille followed by Edmund de Boyvill and then Adam de Copley.
In the 14th century, the village was known as Sutton-in-Ayrdale but became Sutton-in-Craven in 1620.
In the late 17th century Sutton-in-Craven became part of the ancient parish of Kildwick so all Sutton residents were baptized, married and buried at Kildwick parish Church. But in 1869 Sutton was constituted as a separate ecclesiastical district. Building a church for the new parish started in 1868 and its consecration day was the feast of St Thomas, 21 December 1869.
wn.com/Sutton-in-Craven -
Thirsk
Coordinates: 54°13′57″N 1°20′35″W / 54.23256°N 1.34293°W / 54.23256; -1.34293
Thirsk is a small market town and civil parish in the Hambleton district of North Yorkshire, England. The parish has a population of 4,703 according to the 2001 Census. Thirsk is a popular tourist destination, known for the Thirsk Racecourse, the North York Moors, and as the home of author James Herriot.
The town is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1089 as Tresche, derived from the Viking (Old Norse) word þresk = "marsh". It is surrounded by a number of villages also having names of Danish origin, such as Thirlby, Boltby, Borrowby and Sowerby (the -by suffix (Danish in origin) meaning village or farmstead).
Thomas Lord, who founded Lord's Cricket Ground in London, was born in a house which now houses the Thirsk Museum. Another local attraction is the Kilburn White Horse, a chalk horse carved into the hillside about four miles (6 km) east of the town in 1857.
Thirsk's chief modern claim to fame is as the home of the veterinary surgeon and author James Herriot, although it was renamed "Darrowby" in the books. The veterinary practice at 23 Kirkgate, in which he was a partner along with Donald Sinclair (Siegfried Farnon in the books) now houses a museum dedicated to his life and works, The World of James Herriot.
wn.com/Thirsk -
Thornaby-on-Tees
Coordinates: 54°33′20″N 1°18′18″W / 54.5556°N 1.3049°W / 54.5556; -1.3049
Thornaby-on-Tees is a town and civil parish within the Borough of Stockton-on-Tees, in the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. It is on the south bank of the River Tees, three miles (5 km) southeast of Stockton-on-Tees, and four miles (7 km) southwest of Middlesbrough town centre and has a population of 22,620.
Thornaby is said to have come into existence about 800 AD when the land was given by Halfdene (Halfdan Ragnarsson), King of the Danes, to Thormod, one of his noblemen, hence "Thormods-by" - Thormod's farmstead. Although the -by suffix originally meant a farmstead, many of these grew into villages, taking the -by suffix with them in their names as with other villages in the area such as Danby, Faceby, Ingleby, Maltby and Ormesby.
There are other signs of Thornaby being a much older settlement. Traces of prehistoric man have been found, the earliest being a stone axe, 8 inches long, dating back to the Mesolithic Period (about 3000 BC). In 1926 a dugout canoe said to date from about 1600 – 1400 BC was found in the mud under 8 feet (2.4 m) of water opposite Thornaby High Wood. An arrowhead of the Neolithic Period (about 3000 BC) was found in a garden on Thornaby Village Green.
wn.com/Thornaby-on-Tees -
Thornton in Craven
Coordinates: 53°55′55″N 2°08′35″W / 53.932°N 2.143°W / 53.932; -2.143
Thornton-in-Craven is a village and civil parish in the Craven district of North Yorkshire, England. It is approx 1,740 feet (530 m) from the border with Lancashire and 1 mile (1.6 km) north of Earby. Barnoldswick is nearby. The Pennine Way passes through the village, as does the A56 road. The village has a church, a primary school and a retirement home, but no shops or pub.
Near the medieval church to the west of the village is a holy well, dating from Saxon times and now covered by an octagonal structure erected in 1764 by the rector.
Thornton-in-Craven railway station was closed when passenger trains over the Skipton to Colne route were withdrawn in 1970.
The village playing field, at the bottom of Boothbridge Lane, is home to the first and second XI of Thornton in Craven Cricket Club who compete in different divisions of the Craven League. The teams are both heavily populated by players from nearby Earby and Barnoldswick, with few representatives from the village itself. In 2010 the 1st XI were promoted as champions of the 2nd Division after a single season, following relegation from the 1st Division in 2009. The 2nd Division trophy was presented to the team on Saturday 28 August by Trevor Coe of the Craven League at the ground of Sandy Lane Cricket Club.
wn.com/Thornton_in_Craven -
Thornton in Lonsdale
Coordinates: 54°13′24″N 2°26′11″W / 54.22322°N 2.43638°W / 54.22322; -2.43638
Thornton-in-Lonsdale is a village and civil parish in the District of Craven and ceremonial county of North Yorkshire in England. It is very close to the border with Cumbria and is 1 mile (1.6 km) north of Ingleton and 5 miles (8.0 km) south east of Kirkby Lonsdale, and has a population of 308. Its main claims to fame are the Marton Arms pub and St Oswald's Church, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle married his first wife at this church in 1885.
wn.com/Thornton_in_Lonsdale -
Threshfield
Coordinates: 54°04′10″N 2°01′01″W / 54.06942°N 2.01689°W / 54.06942; -2.01689
Threshfield is a small village and civil parish in the Craven district of North Yorkshire, England with a population of 980 residents. It borders Grassington, Linton Falls and Skirethorns. Nearby villages (within 7 miles radius) are Linton, Cracoe, Rylstone, Hetton, Hebden, Kilnsey, and Greenhow.
Threshfield was originally founded by the Angles.
The Old Hall, a Georgian inn which takes its name from the 14th century hall at the rear, was built by monks and reputedly the oldest inhabited building in Wharfedale. In the 16th century, Threshfield was part of a huge deer park.
Threshfield is home to Wharfedale Rugby Union Football Club who play in National Division One.
Threshfield School is a primary school for ages of 4–11 years and has approximately 108 pupils enrolled. The school was built in 1674 and is now a Grade II listed building. Several extensions were added; In 2000, two classrooms were built as part of a stone extension. The current headteacher is Mrs Caroline Thomson-Smith.
wn.com/Threshfield -
Wenning
The River Wenning is a tributary of the River Lune, flowing through North Yorkshire and Lancashire.
The Wenning rises at Clapham in Yorkshire and flows westwards through High Bentham, Low Bentham and Wennington.
It joins the River Lune approx. 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) east of Hornby.
This river's valley, together with Airedale and Wharfedale make up the district of Craven.
Coordinates: 54°06′N 2°39′W / 54.1°N 2.65°W / 54.1; -2.65
wn.com/Wenning -
West Craven
Coordinates: 53°55′26″N 2°11′10″W / 53.924°N 2.186°W / 53.924; -2.186 West Craven is an area in the east of Lancashire, England in the far northern part of the borough of Pendle. Historically the area has lain within the ancient county boundaries of Yorkshire and was administered as part of the Skipton Rural District of the West Riding of Yorkshire until 1974.
After 1974 and becoming part of the Pendle borough of Lancashire, the area that was formerly in the larger Craven area of the West Riding of Yorkshire has been known as West Craven owing to its cultural links with Yorkshire.
Towns and villages in West Craven are: Barnoldswick, Earby, Sough, Kelbrook, Salterforth and Bracewell and Brogden.Thornton in Craven is also generally referred to as being in West Craven, although it remains in North Yorkshire by 1,740 feet (530 m) approx.
There is a West Craven Area Committee for Parish Councils in the area.
wn.com/West_Craven -
West Yorkshire
West Yorkshire is a metropolitan county within the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England with a population of 2.2 million. West Yorkshire came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972.
West Yorkshire, which is landlocked, consists of five metropolitan boroughs (City of Bradford, Calderdale, Kirklees, City of Leeds and City of Wakefield) and shares borders with the counties of Derbyshire (to the south), Greater Manchester (to the south-west), Lancashire (to the north-west), North Yorkshire (to the north and east) and South Yorkshire (to the south-east).
West Yorkshire County Council was abolished in 1986, and so its districts (the metropolitan boroughs) are now effectively unitary authorities. However, the metropolitan county, which covers an area of 2,029 square kilometres (783 sq mi), continues to exist in law, and as a geographic frame of reference.
West Yorkshire encompasses the West Yorkshire Urban Area, which is the most built-up and biggest urban area within the historic county boundaries of Yorkshire.
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Wilsden
Wilsden is a village and civil parish to the west of Bradford, in West Yorkshire, England. Wilsden is close to the Aire Valley and the nearby villages of Denholme, Cullingworth, Harden, Cottingley and Allerton. Wilsden re-acquired civil parish status in 2004. The 2001 census revealed a population of 3,697.
Wilsden has many business such as Wilsden Autos, Suite Centre, a Co-op and a post office.
Wilsden village hall holds lots of groups like scouting groups, walking group, a weekly auction, a pre-school and others.
Administratively, it is part of the Bingley Rural ward of the City of Bradford and part of the Shipley constituency.
Coordinates: 53°49′N 1°52′W / 53.817°N 1.867°W / 53.817; -1.867
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Yarm
Coordinates: 54°30′18″N 1°20′53″W / 54.505°N 1.348°W / 54.505; -1.348
Yarm is a small town and civil parish in the borough of Stockton-on-Tees in North East England. It is on the south bank of the River Tees and for ceremonial purposes is in the county of North Yorkshire. The bridge at Yarm marked the furthest reach of tidal flow up the River Tees until the opening, in 1995, of the Tees Barrage, which now regulates river flow above Stockton. As the last bridge on the river before the sea, it was superseded by the a new toll bridge opened in Stockton in 1771. The oldest part of the town, around the High Street, is situated in a loop of the river and the newer parts of the town extend to the point where the River Leven meets the River Tees.
The name of the town is thought to be derived from the Old Norse word yarum meaning an enclosure to catch fish or from the Old English gearum with the same meaning. Yarm was first mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 and was originally a chapelry in the Kirklevington parish in the North Riding of Yorkshire; it later became a parish in its own right.
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York
York (locali/ˈjɔːk/) is a walled city, situated at the confluence of the Rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England. The city has a rich heritage and has provided the backdrop to major political events throughout much of its two millennia of existence. The city offers a wealth of historic attractions, of which York Minster is the most prominent, and a variety of cultural and sporting activities.
The city was founded by the Romans in 71 AD, under the name of Eboracum. It became in turn the capital of the Roman province of Britannia Inferior, and of the kingdoms of Northumbria and Jorvik. In the Middle Ages, York grew as a major wool trading centre and became the capital of the northern ecclesiastical province of the Church of England, a role it has retained.
In the 19th century York became a hub of the railway network and a confectionery manufacturing centre. In recent decades, the economy of York has moved from being dominated by its confectionery and railway-related industries to one that provides services. The University of York and health services have become major employers, whilst tourism has become an important element of the local economy.
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Yorkshire Dales
The Yorkshire Dales is the name given to an upland area in Northern England.
The area lies within the county boundaries of historic Yorkshire, though it spans the ceremonial counties of North Yorkshire, West Yorkshire and Cumbria. Most of the area falls within the Yorkshire Dales National Park, created in 1954, and now one of the fifteen National parks of Britain, but the term also includes areas to the east of the National Park, notably Nidderdale.
The Dales is a collection of river valleys and the hills among them, rising from the Vale of York westwards to the hilltops of the main Pennine watershed. In some places the area extends westwards across the watershed, but most of the valleys drain eastwards to the Vale of York, into the Ouse and then the Humber.
The word dale comes from the Nordic/Germanic word for valley (dal, tal), and occurs in valley names across Yorkshire and Northern England. but the name Yorkshire Dales is generally used to refer specifically to the dales west of the Vale of York and north of the West Yorkshire Urban Area. The Yorkshire Dales is served by its own radio station, Fresh Radio, which broadcasts programmes from studio bases in Skipton and Richmond.
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Border Reivers
Border Reivers were raiders along the Anglo–Scottish border from the late 13th century to the beginning of the 17th century. Their ranks consisted of both Scottish and English families, and they raided the entire border country without regard to their victims' nationality. Their heyday was perhaps in the last hundred years of their existence, during the time of the Stuart Kings in Scotland and the Tudor Dynasty in England.
Scotland and England were frequently at war during the late Middle Ages. During these wars, the livelihood of the people on the borders was devastated by the contending armies. Even when the countries were not at war, tension remained high, and royal authority in either kingdom was often weak. The uncertainty of existence meant that communities or people kindred to each other would seek security through their own strength and cunning, and improve their livelihoods at their nominal enemies' expense. Loyalty to a feeble or distant monarch and reliance on the effectiveness of the law usually made people a target for depredations rather than conferring any security.
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Henry VIII
Henry VIII (28 June 1491 – 28 January 1547) was King of England from 21 April 1509 until his death. He was Lord, and later King, of Ireland, as well as continuing the nominal claim by the English monarchs to the Kingdom of France. Henry was the second monarch of the House of Tudor, succeeding his father, Henry VII.
Besides his six marriages, Henry VIII is known for his role in the separation of the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church. Henry's struggles with Rome led to the separation of the Church of England from papal authority, the Dissolution of the Monasteries, and establishing himself as the Supreme Head of the Church of England. Yet he remained a believer in core Catholic theological teachings, even after his excommunication from the Catholic Church. Henry oversaw the legal union of England and Wales with the Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542.
Henry was considered an attractive, educated and accomplished king in his prime and has a reputation as "one of the most charismatic rulers to sit on the English throne". Besides ruling with absolute power, he also engaged himself as an author and composer. His desire to provide England with a male heir—which stemmed partly from personal vanity and partly because he believed a daughter would be unable to consolidate the Tudor Dynasty and the fragile peace that existed following the Wars of the Roses—led to the two things for which Henry is remembered: his six marriages, and the English Reformation, making England a mostly Protestant nation. In later life he became morbidly obese and his health suffered; his public image is frequently depicted as one of a lustful, egotistical, harsh, and insecure king.
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Lady Anne Clifford
Lady Anne Clifford, 14th Baroness de Clifford (30 January 1590 – 22 March 1676) was the only surviving child of George Clifford, 3rd Earl of Cumberland (1558–1605) by his wife Lady Margaret Russell, daughter of Francis Russell, 2nd Earl of Bedford. In 1605, she became the suo jure Baroness Clifford and hereditary High Sheriff of Westmorland.
She was a patron of authors and literature; and her many letters and diary made her a literary personage in her own right.
Lady Anne was born on 30 January 1590 and baptised the following 22 February at Skipton Church in Yorkshire.
Her parents' marriage was soured by the deaths of Anne's two elder brothers: her parents lived apart for most of her childhood. Upon the death of her father which occurred on 30 October 1605, she succeeded to the title of suo jure Baroness Clifford but her father had willed his earldom and estates to his brother Francis Clifford, 4th Earl of Cumberland. In her young adulthood she was involved in a long and complex legal battle to obtain the family estates, (which had been granted by Edward II under absolute cognatic primogeniture) instead of the £15,000 willed to her. The main grounds were that she was 15 years old at the time. It was not until Francis' only son Henry died without a male heir in 1643 that she managed to secure the family estates, although it was 1649 before she could take possession.
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Queen Elizabeth I
Elizabeth I (7 September 1533 – 24 March 1603) was queen regnant of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death. Sometimes called The Virgin Queen, Gloriana, or Good Queen Bess, Elizabeth was the fifth and last monarch of the Tudor dynasty. The daughter of Henry VIII, she was born a princess, but her mother, Anne Boleyn, was executed two and a half years after her birth, and Elizabeth was declared illegitimate. Her half-brother, Edward VI, bequeathed the crown to Lady Jane Grey, cutting his half-sisters out of the succession in contradiction to statute law. His will was set aside, Lady Jane Grey was executed, and in 1558 Elizabeth succeeded the Catholic Mary I, during whose reign she had been imprisoned for nearly a year on suspicion of supporting Protestant rebels.
Elizabeth set out to rule by good counsel, and she depended heavily on a group of trusted advisers led by William Cecil, Baron Burghley. One of her first moves as queen was the establishment of an English Protestant church, of which she became the Supreme Governor. This Elizabethan Religious Settlement later evolved into today's Church of England. It was expected that Elizabeth would marry and produce an heir so as to continue the Tudor line. She never did, however, despite numerous courtships. As she grew older, Elizabeth became famous for her virginity, and a cult grew up around her which was celebrated in the portraits, pageants, and literature of the day.
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Redcar
Coordinates: 54°37′07″N 1°04′07″W / 54.61856°N 1.06856°W / 54.61856; -1.06856
Redcar is a seaside resort in the north east of England, and a major town in the unitary authority of Redcar and Cleveland in the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire. It lies 7.5 miles (12.1 km) east-northeast of Middlesbrough by the North Sea coast. The combined population of the wards of Coatham, Dormanstown, Kirkleatham, Newcomen, West Dyke and Zetland was 36,610 in the 2001 census.
Redcar originated as a fishing town in the early 14th century, trading with the larger adjacent market town of Coatham. Until the mid 19th century it was a sub-parish of the village of Marske-by-the-Sea, when Redcar emerged as a seaside tourist destination. With the opening of the Middlesbrough to Redcar Railway in 1846, Redcar became a resort for Victorian tourists.
Redcar means "(place by the) red marsh" from the Old English rēad "red" and Old Scandinavian kjarr. However the first part of the name could also represent OE hrēod, (reed), giving a sense "reedy marshland", referring to the low lying land by the sea on which Redcar lies. Redcar originated as a fishing town in the 14th century, trading with the larger adjacent market town of Coatham. Until the mid 19th century it was a sub-parish of the local village of Marske-by-the-Sea (mentioned in the Domesday book).
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Tostig Godwinson
Tostig Godwinson (died 25 September 1066) was an Anglo-Saxon Earl of Northumbria and brother of King Harold Godwinson, the last crowned English King of England.
Tostig was the third son of Godwin (d. 1053), Earl of Wessex and Kent, and Gytha, daughter of Thorgils Sprakaleg. In 1051, he married Judith, the daughter of Count Baldwin IV of Flanders, half-sister of Baldwin V of Flanders, and aunt of Matilda of Flanders, who married William the Conqueror. The Domesday Book recorded twenty-six vills or townships as being held by Earl Tostig forming the Manor of Hougun.
In 1051, Tostig and his father were banished from England to which they forcefully returned in 1052. Three years later in 1055, Tostig became the Earl of Northumbria upon the death of Earl Siward.
Tostig appears to have governed in Northumbria with some difficulty. He was never popular with the Northumbrian ruling class, a mix of Danish invaders and Anglo Saxon survivors of the last Norse invasion. Tostig was said to have been heavy handed with those who resisted his rule, including the murder of several members of leading Northumbrian families. In late 1063 or early 1064, Tostig had Gamal, son of Orm and Ulf, son of Dolfin, assassinated when they visited him under safe conduct. Also, the Vita Edwardi, otherwise sympathetic to Tostig, states that he had 'repressed [the Northumbrians] with the heavy yoke of his rule'.
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Wes Craven's New Nightmare (1994)
"Wes Craven's New Nightmare (1994)" Actors
- Heather Langenkamp
- Robert Englund
- Wes Craven
- Miko Hughes
- John Saxon
- David Newson
- Matt Winston
- Rob Labelle
- Bodhi Elfman
- Lin Shaye
- Robert Shaye
"Wes Craven's New Nightmare (1994)" Director
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Beverly Craven- Promise me
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:32
- Updated: 09 Dec 2012
one of the most beautiful songs ever
http://wn.com/Beverly_Craven_Promise_me
one of the most beautiful songs ever
Promise me - Beverley Craven
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:32
- Updated: 09 Dec 2012
The song for two people who are deeply in love with each other but miles apart..I like the Lyrics and the Melody.My heart goes to someone close, Geralyn Devibar. A beautiful song that made me think of my Past, it so related on me... Promise me-Beverly Craven You light up another cigarette and I pour the wine It's four o'clock in the morning and it's starting to get light now I'm right where I want to be losing track of time but I wish that it was still last night You look like you're in another world but I can read your mind how can you be so far away lying by my side when I go away I'll miss you and I will be thinking of you every night and day just... Promise me you'll wait for me 'cause I'll be saving all my love for you and I will be home soon Promise me you'll wait for me I need to know you feel the same way too and I'll be home, I'll be home soon When I go away I'll miss you and I will be thinking of you every night and day just... Promise me you'll wait for me 'cause I'll be saving all my love for you and I will be home soon Promise me you'll wait for me I need to know you feel the same way too and I'll be home, I'll be home Promise me you'll wait for me 'cause I'll be saving all my love for you and I will be home soon Promise me you'll wait for me I need to know you feel the same way too and I'll be home, I'll be home soon.
http://wn.com/Promise_me_Beverley_Craven
The song for two people who are deeply in love with each other but miles apart..I like the Lyrics and the Melody.My heart goes to someone close, Geralyn Devibar. A beautiful song that made me think of my Past, it so related on me... Promise me-Beverly Craven You light up another cigarette and I pour the wine It's four o'clock in the morning and it's starting to get light now I'm right where I want to be losing track of time but I wish that it was still last night You look like you're in another world but I can read your mind how can you be so far away lying by my side when I go away I'll miss you and I will be thinking of you every night and day just... Promise me you'll wait for me 'cause I'll be saving all my love for you and I will be home soon Promise me you'll wait for me I need to know you feel the same way too and I'll be home, I'll be home soon When I go away I'll miss you and I will be thinking of you every night and day just... Promise me you'll wait for me 'cause I'll be saving all my love for you and I will be home soon Promise me you'll wait for me I need to know you feel the same way too and I'll be home, I'll be home Promise me you'll wait for me 'cause I'll be saving all my love for you and I will be home soon Promise me you'll wait for me I need to know you feel the same way too and I'll be home, I'll be home soon.
- published: 19 May 2008
- views: 1573095
- author: martin0727
The Spirit of Craven!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:35
- Updated: 14 Aug 2012
From the 'Gopher Line' to 'District 9', Brad and Heather capture the true spirit of the Craven Country Jamboree!
http://wn.com/The_Spirit_of_Craven!
From the 'Gopher Line' to 'District 9', Brad and Heather capture the true spirit of the Craven Country Jamboree!
- published: 16 Jul 2012
- views: 967
- author: Brad Grass
Craven A Menthol Review
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:01
- Updated: 17 Aug 2012
Craven A Menthol Review Request by 0Aps
http://wn.com/Craven_A_Menthol_Review
Craven A Menthol Review Request by 0Aps
- published: 30 Jul 2012
- views: 394
- author: Cigz Much
Beverley Craven - Love Scenes
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:39
- Updated: 08 Dec 2012
The video for singer Beverley Craven's 1993 hit single Love Scenes. Check out Beverley's official website at www.beverleycraven.com
http://wn.com/Beverley_Craven_Love_Scenes
The video for singer Beverley Craven's 1993 hit single Love Scenes. Check out Beverley's official website at www.beverleycraven.com
- published: 01 Sep 2007
- views: 174159
- author: beverleycraven1
Beverley Craven - Memories
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:57
- Updated: 08 Dec 2012
Beverley Craven live in concert performing her hit Memories. Check out Beverley's official website at www.beverleycraven.com
http://wn.com/Beverley_Craven_Memories
Beverley Craven live in concert performing her hit Memories. Check out Beverley's official website at www.beverleycraven.com
- published: 01 Sep 2007
- views: 124468
- author: beverleycraven1
craven-a gold review
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:25
- Updated: 19 Oct 2012
back with another review for you guys and gals hope you all enjoy thx for watching much respect to all my subs
http://wn.com/craven-a_gold_review
back with another review for you guys and gals hope you all enjoy thx for watching much respect to all my subs
- published: 21 Mar 2012
- views: 422
- author: left4dead403
Wes Craven on being a filmmaker
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:38
- Updated: 25 Nov 2012
An extra from the Nightmare on Elm Street boxset from about 7 or 8 years ago. Just a quick blurb from Wes Craven on being a filmmaker, and an artist.
http://wn.com/Wes_Craven_on_being_a_filmmaker
An extra from the Nightmare on Elm Street boxset from about 7 or 8 years ago. Just a quick blurb from Wes Craven on being a filmmaker, and an artist.
- published: 24 Apr 2007
- views: 17822
- author: bsmovieman
Wes Craven Masters of Horror part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:11
- Updated: 15 Nov 2012
wes craven interview from the 2002 Showtime special "Masters of Horror" by Mike Mendez and Dave Parker. The legendary director looks back on films such as "A Nightmare on Elm Street" and "Serpent and the Rainbow" Hosted by Bruce Campbell.
http://wn.com/Wes_Craven_Masters_of_Horror_part_1
wes craven interview from the 2002 Showtime special "Masters of Horror" by Mike Mendez and Dave Parker. The legendary director looks back on films such as "A Nightmare on Elm Street" and "Serpent and the Rainbow" Hosted by Bruce Campbell.
- published: 11 Jun 2008
- views: 83277
- author: madmanmendez
Wes Craven's New Nightmare trailer (1994)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:34
- Updated: 04 Dec 2012
Wes Craven's New Nightmare Directed by: Wes Craven Starring: John Saxon, Sara Risher, Robert Englund, Heather Langenkamp, Miko Hughes, David Newsom, Wes Craven, and Tracy Middendorf Heather Langenkamp learns the Nightmare movies were protecting the world from a real-life demon. Rated: R Copyright: New Line Productions, Inc. For more A Nightmare on Elm Street, visit: nightmareonelmstreetfilms.com
http://wn.com/Wes_Craven's_New_Nightmare_trailer_1994
Wes Craven's New Nightmare Directed by: Wes Craven Starring: John Saxon, Sara Risher, Robert Englund, Heather Langenkamp, Miko Hughes, David Newsom, Wes Craven, and Tracy Middendorf Heather Langenkamp learns the Nightmare movies were protecting the world from a real-life demon. Rated: R Copyright: New Line Productions, Inc. For more A Nightmare on Elm Street, visit: nightmareonelmstreetfilms.com
- published: 24 Feb 2008
- views: 191708
- author: nightmarecompanion
The Most Terrifying Video You'll Ever See
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:33
- Updated: 10 Dec 2012
Over 8 million total views. Now there's a book: "...superbly crafted...A must read." -Gen. Anthony Zinni, US CENTCOM Commander (Ret.) "This book trumps most of our accounts of the global warming crisis." --author Bill McKibben "Al Gore should share his Nobel peace prize." -The "New Scientist" "This is a tremendous book and well worth anyone's time to read.... You're in for a treat—Craven is funny as well as exceptionally clear, and wise." --Kim Stanley Robinson, Hugo and Nebula Award-winning author of the Mars Trilogy and Science in the Capital "This is a terrifically thoughtful book.... Cravens book shines an illuminating floodlight on how we think about global warming." --Ross Gelbspan, author, "The Heat Is On" and "Boiling Point" On Amazon: snurl.com Greg Craven (that's me!), the creator of "The Most Terrifying Video" never intended to write a book. It just sort of happened. All as a result of the two-year back-and forth I've had with the YouTube community about this video and its follow up marathon "How It All Ends." So now "What's the Worst That Could Happen? A Rational Response to the Climate Change Debate" is available from Amazon and other sellers through the links at www.gregcraven.org, as well as your local bookstore (I hope!). Check it out if you're intrigued by the argument in this video. On Amazon: snurl.com Trailer for the book: www.youtube.com What the critics are saying: www.gregcraven.org Download a 25-page preview: www.gregcraven.org In the press: www ...
http://wn.com/The_Most_Terrifying_Video_You'll_Ever_See
Over 8 million total views. Now there's a book: "...superbly crafted...A must read." -Gen. Anthony Zinni, US CENTCOM Commander (Ret.) "This book trumps most of our accounts of the global warming crisis." --author Bill McKibben "Al Gore should share his Nobel peace prize." -The "New Scientist" "This is a tremendous book and well worth anyone's time to read.... You're in for a treat—Craven is funny as well as exceptionally clear, and wise." --Kim Stanley Robinson, Hugo and Nebula Award-winning author of the Mars Trilogy and Science in the Capital "This is a terrifically thoughtful book.... Cravens book shines an illuminating floodlight on how we think about global warming." --Ross Gelbspan, author, "The Heat Is On" and "Boiling Point" On Amazon: snurl.com Greg Craven (that's me!), the creator of "The Most Terrifying Video" never intended to write a book. It just sort of happened. All as a result of the two-year back-and forth I've had with the YouTube community about this video and its follow up marathon "How It All Ends." So now "What's the Worst That Could Happen? A Rational Response to the Climate Change Debate" is available from Amazon and other sellers through the links at www.gregcraven.org, as well as your local bookstore (I hope!). Check it out if you're intrigued by the argument in this video. On Amazon: snurl.com Trailer for the book: www.youtube.com What the critics are saying: www.gregcraven.org Download a 25-page preview: www.gregcraven.org In the press: www ...
- published: 08 Jun 2007
- views: 5651333
- author: wonderingmind42
Wes Craven's New Nightmare
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 112:09
- Updated: 01 Nov 2012
Director Wes Craven and his cast star as themselves in this wicked spin on the Horror Genre. Key players from earlier Nightmare on Elm Street installments are terrorized by Freddy Krueger and his razor-fingered glove as he crosses over into their offscreen lives. MPAA Rating: R
http://wn.com/Wes_Craven's_New_Nightmare
Director Wes Craven and his cast star as themselves in this wicked spin on the Horror Genre. Key players from earlier Nightmare on Elm Street installments are terrorized by Freddy Krueger and his razor-fingered glove as he crosses over into their offscreen lives. MPAA Rating: R
- published: 03 Oct 2011
- author: warnervoduk
Obama: Craven Puppet of Racist Israel
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:02
- Updated: 09 Dec 2012
www.DavidDuke.com Due to restrictions on my channel comments must be monitored by our staff. No obscenity, violence, or truly hateful comments. We will not let Dr. Duke's videos get banned by intemperate comments! So keep it civil and clean. This video exposed the hypocrisy of Obama's concern at AIPAC for the "demographic shift" of Israel and his efforts to preserve Israel as a "Jewish State" at the same time he and the media work for demographic shift of America Europe and the entire Western World. This video exposes 1) That Obama is a hypocrite 2) That Israel is not a Democratic State (as it always claims) and 3) That Israel is the most RACIST nation on Earth. Help spread this video to the world
http://wn.com/Obama_Craven_Puppet_of_Racist_Israel
www.DavidDuke.com Due to restrictions on my channel comments must be monitored by our staff. No obscenity, violence, or truly hateful comments. We will not let Dr. Duke's videos get banned by intemperate comments! So keep it civil and clean. This video exposed the hypocrisy of Obama's concern at AIPAC for the "demographic shift" of Israel and his efforts to preserve Israel as a "Jewish State" at the same time he and the media work for demographic shift of America Europe and the entire Western World. This video exposes 1) That Obama is a hypocrite 2) That Israel is not a Democratic State (as it always claims) and 3) That Israel is the most RACIST nation on Earth. Help spread this video to the world
- published: 21 Mar 2012
- views: 58390
- author: drdduke
My Soul To Take Trailer Wes Craven's Official Trailer (2010)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:36
- Updated: 01 Dec 2012
My Soul To Take Trailer 2010 - Wes Craven My Soul to Take (2010) In the sleepy town of Riverton, legend tells of a serial killer who swore he would return to murder the seven children born the night he died. Now, 16 years later, people are disappearing again. Has the psychopath been reincarna...
http://wn.com/My_Soul_To_Take_Trailer_Wes_Craven's_Official_Trailer_2010
My Soul To Take Trailer 2010 - Wes Craven My Soul to Take (2010) In the sleepy town of Riverton, legend tells of a serial killer who swore he would return to murder the seven children born the night he died. Now, 16 years later, people are disappearing again. Has the psychopath been reincarna...
- published: 18 Aug 2010
- views: 173741
- author: FoodForTheGeneration
Dave Brubeck Craven Filter Special 6
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:51
- Updated: 09 Dec 2012
Blue Rondo a la Turk. Part 6 of lost Australian performance of Dave Brubeck Quartet hosted by Digby Wolfe. The film was saved from destruction in 1984 and now is with the Australian National Film and Sound Archive. A 1" PAL telecine transfer of the film was sent to Dave Brubeck's management in the mid 90s.
http://wn.com/Dave_Brubeck_Craven_Filter_Special_6
Blue Rondo a la Turk. Part 6 of lost Australian performance of Dave Brubeck Quartet hosted by Digby Wolfe. The film was saved from destruction in 1984 and now is with the Australian National Film and Sound Archive. A 1" PAL telecine transfer of the film was sent to Dave Brubeck's management in the mid 90s.
- published: 07 Feb 2008
- views: 74331
- author: chiefsquirrel
Beverley Craven - Promise Me (live)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:31
- Updated: 14 Nov 2012
AIDS benefit concert from 1991 - Beverley Craven performs Promise Me. Check out Beverley's official website at www.beverleycraven.com
http://wn.com/Beverley_Craven_Promise_Me_live
AIDS benefit concert from 1991 - Beverley Craven performs Promise Me. Check out Beverley's official website at www.beverleycraven.com
- published: 03 Sep 2007
- views: 119492
- author: beverleycraven1
2003 Kurt Busch Ricky Craven Darlington Close Finish
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:45
- Updated: 04 Dec 2012
The 2003 race at Darlington. The lady in black. TOO TOUGH TO TAME!! Kurt Busch and Ricky Craven battle in the closing laps of the race resulting in a really close finish
http://wn.com/2003_Kurt_Busch_Ricky_Craven_Darlington_Close_Finish
The 2003 race at Darlington. The lady in black. TOO TOUGH TO TAME!! Kurt Busch and Ricky Craven battle in the closing laps of the race resulting in a really close finish
- published: 07 May 2009
- views: 59031
- author: itsdre9x9
Wes Craven on BlackBoxTV
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:20
- Updated: 07 Dec 2012
Check out trailer for "My Soul to Take" by clicking bit.ly Click bit.ly for more "My Soul To Take" schtuff on Facebook. Thanks to everyone at Rogue Pictures and Universal Pictures for making this interview happen. Also special thanks to Wes Craven and his team for letting us do this interview and also for being so freakin' cool and not kicking me out when I melted down into a complete fanboy. MeTonyV The BlackBoxTV Extra was: Directed by www.youtube.com and www.youtube.com Filmed by www.youtube.com Animated by www.youtube.com Edited By www.youtube.com Music By Malte Hagemiester www.urbandelights.net and Brandon Roberts www.brandonrobertsmusic.com Special thanks to Philip DeFranco & Shane Dawson
http://wn.com/Wes_Craven_on_BlackBoxTV
Check out trailer for "My Soul to Take" by clicking bit.ly Click bit.ly for more "My Soul To Take" schtuff on Facebook. Thanks to everyone at Rogue Pictures and Universal Pictures for making this interview happen. Also special thanks to Wes Craven and his team for letting us do this interview and also for being so freakin' cool and not kicking me out when I melted down into a complete fanboy. MeTonyV The BlackBoxTV Extra was: Directed by www.youtube.com and www.youtube.com Filmed by www.youtube.com Animated by www.youtube.com Edited By www.youtube.com Music By Malte Hagemiester www.urbandelights.net and Brandon Roberts www.brandonrobertsmusic.com Special thanks to Philip DeFranco & Shane Dawson
- published: 14 Sep 2010
- views: 130453
- author: blackboxtv
Beverley Craven - Lost Without You
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:48
- Updated: 02 Dec 2012
Perhaps her most beautiful song... Beverley Craven performing Lost Without You from her 1993 album Love Scenes. Check out Beverley's official website at www.beverleycraven.com
http://wn.com/Beverley_Craven_Lost_Without_You
Perhaps her most beautiful song... Beverley Craven performing Lost Without You from her 1993 album Love Scenes. Check out Beverley's official website at www.beverleycraven.com
- published: 03 Sep 2007
- views: 337346
- author: beverleycraven1
Beverley Craven - I Miss You
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:42
- Updated: 09 Dec 2012
The official video for singer-songwriter Beverley Craven's 1999 single 'I Miss You'. Check out Beverley's website at www.beverleycraven.com
http://wn.com/Beverley_Craven_I_Miss_You
The official video for singer-songwriter Beverley Craven's 1999 single 'I Miss You'. Check out Beverley's website at www.beverleycraven.com
- published: 22 Feb 2009
- views: 201400
- author: beverleycraven1
Wes Craven Presents: They Trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:29
- Updated: 13 Nov 2012
Trailer for the 2002 movie THEY presented by Wes Craven
http://wn.com/Wes_Craven_Presents_They_Trailer
Trailer for the 2002 movie THEY presented by Wes Craven
- published: 22 Nov 2009
- views: 196090
- author: omemeister
Promise Me - Beverly Craven (With Lyrics)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:42
- Updated: 09 Dec 2012
Requested By ms. Lhits
http://wn.com/Promise_Me_Beverly_Craven_With_Lyrics
Requested By ms. Lhits
- published: 22 Dec 2009
- views: 802573
- author: MrJoshcon23
I Miss You - Beverly Craven (lyrics)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:35
- Updated: 08 Dec 2012
Here in the silence I wait. Theres nothing else I can do It feels like my hearts gonna break and all I can think of is you and how my aching arms long to hold you and show you how much I care but Im counting the hours without you and I dont know how much I can bear Cos I miss you more than words can say. And I need you here in my life always Yeah, I miss you and Ill always be waiting here for you, til youre back with me You found a place in my heart from the first moment I saw you. And you are my light in the dark and I would do anything for you, cos youre everything Ive ever wished for The answer to all of my dreams And I want you back. Home is here with me Oh I miss you more than words can say. And I need you here in my life always. Yeah, I miss you and Ill always be waiting here for you, til youre back with me. Yes, I would be right there beside you if I only knew where you are, cos it feels like Im dying without you my whole world is falling apart. And I miss you more than words can say. And I need you here in my life always Yeah, I miss you and Ill always be waiting here for you, til youre back with me.
http://wn.com/I_Miss_You_Beverly_Craven_lyrics
Here in the silence I wait. Theres nothing else I can do It feels like my hearts gonna break and all I can think of is you and how my aching arms long to hold you and show you how much I care but Im counting the hours without you and I dont know how much I can bear Cos I miss you more than words can say. And I need you here in my life always Yeah, I miss you and Ill always be waiting here for you, til youre back with me You found a place in my heart from the first moment I saw you. And you are my light in the dark and I would do anything for you, cos youre everything Ive ever wished for The answer to all of my dreams And I want you back. Home is here with me Oh I miss you more than words can say. And I need you here in my life always. Yeah, I miss you and Ill always be waiting here for you, til youre back with me. Yes, I would be right there beside you if I only knew where you are, cos it feels like Im dying without you my whole world is falling apart. And I miss you more than words can say. And I need you here in my life always Yeah, I miss you and Ill always be waiting here for you, til youre back with me.
- published: 14 Jan 2010
- views: 274502
- author: ladywithtime
photo: AP / Khalil Hamra
09 Dec 2012
Syria's rebel leaders have agreed to come under a united command in a bid to integrate diverse fighting groups and streamline the route for arms essential to their struggle against President Bashar al-Assad. The new body, expected to be announced officially on Sunday, hopes to form the basis of a united rebel front ... "It also aims to get the situation under control once the regime falls." ... 378 Source.. Agencies. Share ... News ... Egypt....(size: 18.6Kb)
photo: AP / Hassan Ammar
08 Dec 2012
Mohamed Morsi, the Egyptian president, is expected to press ahead with talks on ways to end Egypt's worst crisis since he took office even though the country's main opposition leaders have vowed to boycott negotiations. The capital Cairo and other cities have been rocked by violent protests since November 22, when Morsi issued a decree awarding himself sweeping powers that put him above the law ... 575 Source.. Al Jazeera and agencies ... ....(size: 19.5Kb)
photo: AP / Vahid Salemi
07 Dec 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. The in- and out-fighting between present-day Saudi Arabia and Iran is a mirror image of what occurred to Prophet Muhammad's Islamic Movement right after his death ... Still, and due to prosperity and wealth, an influx of trade goods, religious toleration, an emphasis on learning, and increased food supplies, Islam was becoming a vast empire ... Recent U.S ... Dallas Darling (darling@wn.com)....(size: 7.5Kb)
photo: US Navy / Electronics Technician Seaman Sean Roozen
08 Dec 2012
WASHINGTON — The White House on Friday proposed $60 billion in spending to help the Northeast and mid-Atlantic states recover from Superstorm Sandy and shore up defenses against future disasters. Congress is expected to begin consideration of the relief measure as soon as next week, with lawmakers from states still reeling from the October storm eager for action by the end of the year ... New Jersey Gov ... Andrew M ... New York Reps ... Rep ... 0....(size: 32.2Kb)
Independent online (SA)
10 Dec 2012
Violence erupted at the Craven Street taxi rank and in the Diamond Pavilion Mall’s parking lot on Saturday, as taxi drivers threw stones and threatened each other with guns, pangas and knives ... Chaos errupted at the Craven Taxi Rank between two taxi associations ... He stated that Thusano had ignored commitments made on Friday to suspend operations at the Craven Street taxi rank....(size: 5.7Kb)
LA Daily News
10 Dec 2012
Sporting Life
10 Dec 2012
Player Profile. Papiss Cisse. Title Number Appearances 16 (3) Goals 4 Assists 0 Yellows 0 Reds 0 *Current Season ... Though the Senegal forward has only scored twice in the Premier League this term, he is expected to lead the line when Newcastle face Fulham at Craven Cottage on Monday night ... ....(size: 1.8Kb)
Sky Sports
10 Dec 2012
Fulham boss Martin Jol says he was interested in signing Papiss Cisse before the striker decided to join Newcastle United at the start of the year ... Though the Senegal forward has only scored twice in the Premier League this term, he is expected to lead the line when Newcastle face Fulham at Craven Cottage on Monday night ... ....(size: 1.9Kb)
Sky Sports
10 Dec 2012
Hatem Ben Arfa is feeling the love at Newcastle United as he continues to develop in his career ... Ben Arfa, 25, is again expected to be included in Newcastle's starting XI when they take on Fulham at Craven Cottage on Monday night. Live on Sky Sports. vs Fulham v Newcastle. December 10, 2012 7.00pm Remote Record ... Share. ....(size: 2.0Kb)
The Independent
10 Dec 2012
The Newcastle United striker Papiss Cissé turned down the chance to join Monday night's opponents Fulham in January, the London club's manager Martin Jol has revealed ... Newcastle finished fifth but Alan Pardew's side have struggled, and go into the match at Craven Cottage level on points with Fulham in the lower half of the table ... "He was always on my list....(size: 1.6Kb)
The Providence Journal
10 Dec 2012
The 24 newly elected General Assembly members will get their first official taste of the State House on Tuesday, when they participate in an all-day orientation session ... Fox, D-Providence; Senate President M ... Algiere, of Westerly ... 1. The representatives-elect are ... Craven (D-North Kingstown), Linda Finn (D-Middletown), Antonio Giarrusso (R-East Greenwich), Katherine S ... ....(size: 1.7Kb)
Sowetan Live
10 Dec 2012
ANC members in Gauteng sang for Mandela, 94, and wished him a speedy recovery just before the start of their special provincial general council in Alberton on the East Rand yesterday. "May he recover speedily ... Family members also visited him at the hospital yesterday, including his children and grandchildren ... Congress of South African Trade Unions (Cosatu) spokesman Patrick Craven sent his best wishes to Mandela and his family ... ....(size: 2.1Kb)
Belfast Telegraph
10 Dec 2012
Shola Ameobi has urged his team-mates to remember the heroics of last season as they attempt to fight their way up the Barclays Premier League table ... However, Ameobi is confident that the quality is still there, and he said ... Ameobi added ... However, Newcastle's Premier League record at Craven Cottage is ordinary to say the least - they have lost five of their last six visits and were thrashed 5-2 there last season. Ameobi said ... ....(size: 2.3Kb)
The Independent
10 Dec 2012
Shola Ameobi has urged his team-mates to remember the heroics of last season as they attempt to fight their way up the Barclays Premier League table ... Ameobi said ... "We are looking forward to that and hopefully we can get back to winning ways." ... However, Newcastle's Premier League record at Craven Cottage is ordinary to say the least - they have lost five of their last six visits and were thrashed 5-2 there last season ... PA ....(size: 2.7Kb)
The Charlotte Observer
10 Dec 2012
From an editorial published Tuesday in the San Jose Mercury News.. The Senate needs to go back to the future on filibuster reform ... Smith Goes to Washington,” to keep legislation from coming to a vote ... It’s outrageous ... In a particularly craven abuse of the system, they have halted the nominations of nearly two dozen judicial appointments, causing backlogs in courts that delay justice for people and businesses across the country....(size: 2.8Kb)
Goal
10 Dec 2012
Jamie Dickenson sees a stalemate in prospect when the Magpies travel to the capital to face an out-of-form Cottagers side and he has a 13/2 first goalscorer tip. By Jamie Dickenson. More On . Fulham, Newcastle. Comments. PROSHOTS. Monday night pits two recent Premier League strugglers against one another at Craven Cottage in Fulham and Newcastle, with both sides looking to return to form and climb up the table ... Don't Miss ... BET ... ....(size: 4.4Kb)
For other uses, see Craven (disambiguation).
| Craven | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| — District — | |||
 |
|||
|
|||
 |
|||
| Coordinates: 53°57′N 2°01′W / 53.95°N 2.02°W / 53.95; -2.02 | |||
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom | ||
| Constituent country | England | ||
| Region | Yorkshire and the Humber | ||
| Ceremonial county | North Yorkshire | ||
| Founded | |||
| Admin. HQ | Skipton | ||
| Government | |||
| • Type | Craven District Council | ||
| • Leadership: | Alternative - Sec.31 | ||
| • Executive: | Conservative | ||
| • MPs: | Julian Smith | ||
| Area | |||
| • Total | 454 sq mi (1,177 km2) | ||
| Area rank | 18th | ||
| Population (2010 est.) | |||
| • Total | 55,400 | ||
| • Rank | Ranked 315th | ||
| • Density | 120/sq mi (47/km2) | ||
| Time zone | Greenwich Mean Time (UTC+0) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | British Summer Time (UTC+1) | ||
| Postcode | |||
| ISO 3166-2 | |||
| ONS code | 36UB | ||
| OS grid reference | |||
| NUTS 3 | |||
| Ethnicity | 96.1% White 2.0% S.Asian[1] |
||
| Website | cravendc.gov.uk | ||
Craven is in recent times the name of a local government district in North Yorkshire, England that came into being in 1974, centred on the market town of Skipton. In the changes to British local government of that year this district was formed as the merger of Skipton urban district, Settle Rural District and most of Skipton Rural District, all in the West Riding of Yorkshire. It comprises the upper reaches of Airedale, Wharfedale, Ribblesdale, and includes most of the Aire Gap and Craven Basin.
Additionally, the name Craven is much older than the modern district, and once encompassed a larger area. This history is also still reflected in the way the term is still commonly used, for example by the Church of England.
Contents |
History[link]
Craven: “The exact extent of it we nowhere find”—Thomas Cox, 1730[2]
Craven has been the name of this district throughout recorded history[3] but it was never defined until 1974; its boundaries differed according to whether considering administration, taxation or religion.[4]
Etymology[link]
The name Craven may be derived from the pre-Celtic cravona, meaning stony region.[5][6] Or from the Celtic (Cumbric), related to the Welsh word craf meaning garlic.[3] In the Middle Ages, the area was known for its wild garlic.[citation needed]
Prehistory[link]
The first datable evidence of human life in Craven is ca 9000 BC: a hunter's harpoon point carved out of an antler found in Victoria Cave. Most traces of the Mesolithic nomadic hunters are the flint barbs they set into shafts. Extensive finds of these microliths lie around Malham Tarn and Semerwater. Flint does not occur in the Dales, the nearest outcrop is in East Yorkshire. On higher ground microliths are found near springs at the tree line at 500 m (1,600 ft) indicating campsites close to the open hunting grounds. The valley woodlands were inhabited by deer, boar and aurochs, the higher ground was open grassland that fed herds of reindeer, elk and horse. No permanent settlements have been found of that age, hunting here was seasonal, returning to the plains in winter.[7]
After 5000 BC Neolithic long-distance trade is indicated by the distribution of stone axes many of which were of hard volcanic rock with a cutting edge made by polishing. Lithic analysis can identify their quarry source. Axes found in Yorkshire originate in the central Cumbria and are found as far as eastern Yorkshire suggesting they were traded for the flint there. But most finds are in Ribblesdale and Airedale indicating that Craven was their trade route through the Pennines. Farmers permanently settled in Craven, bringing domesticated livestock and used those stone axes to clear woodlands, probably by slash-and-burn, to increase areas for grazing[7] and crops.
Anglo-Saxon[link]
To collect the Danegeld in 991–1016 the Anglo-Saxons divided their territory into tax districts. The Wapentakes of Staincliffe and Ewcross covered the region we call Craven but also areas beyond it such as the Forest of Bowland in Lancashire; and Sedburgh in Cumbria to the North.[8] The Church was still using these areas in 16th century.
Norman Conquest[link]
The Great Domesday Book of 1086 curiously digressed from the Wapentake districts by using the celtic Craven district instead. In the west this included Burrow, Melling, Wennington and Hornby[9] in Lonsdale, reaching further west than any later descriptions. Archives[10] show that the Melling-with-Wrayton and Hornby-with-Farleton farmlands were in the districts of Ergune (Arkholme) and Ghersinctune (Gressingham), but there was another layer of districts between those and West coast. However, some[11] propose Mellinge could even mean Melling near Carnforth.
Although it suggests the length, the Domesday Book does not tell us the width of the boundaries of Craven, for in it only arable land was noted and ploughing was at that date a minor part of Craven agriculture, although cultivators had probably been reduced in numbers by the Harrying of the North. The valley bottoms are usually boggy, shady frost-hollows, with soils of glacial boulder clay very heavy to cultivate. So farms were limited to the well-drained slopes, but not too far up for that is unusable moorland. The band of useful soil in between is so full of rocks that grazing oxen was the living in Craven, with some sheep marginal.[12] Because grazing land was not tallied in the Domesday Book the full areas of the estates of the manors can only be induced,[10] for example no ploughed land at all was recorded between Cononley and Wennington.
| Location[10] | Modern name[11] | Acres, approx | Hectares, approx | Taxpayer/s |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chersintone | Grassington | 360 | 150 | Gamel Bern[13] |
| Freschefelt | Threshfield | 480 | 195 | Gamel Bern |
| Cutnelai | Cononley | 240 | 100 | Thorkil |
| Bradlei | Bradleys Both | 840 | 350 | Arnkeld, Thorkil, Gamel |
| Fernehil | Farnhill | 240 | 100 | Gamel[13] |
| Childeuuic | Kildwick | 240 | 100 | Arnkeld |
| Esebrune | Eastburn | 270 | 120 | Gamel Bern |
| Utelai | Utley | 120 | 50 | Vilts |
| Chichelai | Keighley | 720 | 290 | Ulfkeld, Thole, Ravensvartr |
| Wilsedene | Wilsden | 360 | 150 | Gamel Bern |
| Acurde | Oakworth | 120 | 50 | Gamel Bern, Vilts |
| Neuhuse | Newsholme[14] | 120 | 50 | Vilts |
| Lacoc | Laycock | 240 | 100 | Ravensvartr |
| Sutun | Sutton-in-Craven | 240 | 100 | Ravenkeld |
| Mellinge, Hornebi, Wermigetun | Melling-with-Wrayton, Hornby-with-Farleton, Wennington | 1080 | 440 | Ulf[13] |
| In de hb (in the same places as Ulf) | Melling-with-Wrayton, Hornby-with-Farleton, Wennington | 180 | 73 | Orm[13] |
| Tornetun, Borch. | Thornton in Lonsdale, Burrow-with-Burrow | 720 | 290 | Orm |
In 1086 Roger of Poitou was Tenant-in-chief of the western side of Craven: Ribblesdale and the Pendle valley.[15] In 1092 he was granted also Lonsdale to defend Morecambe Bay against Scottish raiding parties. He ruled both until 1102. The lord of the east side of Craven, that is from Grassington down to Keighley and eastward, was Baron Robert de Romille. To defend against the Scottish raiders he built the first Skipton Castle in 1090.
14th century[link]
Craven was still suffering from Scottish raiders for example in 1318 they severely damaged churches as far south as Kildwick.[16]
In 1377, in the form of Poll Tax records, the first statistics of Craven were collected. From them we can compare the income brackets of various occupations, and the relative worth of villages.[17] The records list every hamlet and village using the wapentake system.[18] The Wapentakes of Staincliffe and Ewcross cover Craven but also areas beyond such as Sedburgh to the North. Young King Richard II had commanded that poll tax to pay off the debts he'd inherited from the Hundred Years' War. Its first application in 1377 was a flat rate and the second of 1379 was a sliding scale from 1 groat (4p pence) to 4 marks. But the third of 1381, 4 groats (1 shilling) and up, was applied corruptly and led to the Great Rising of 1381 and, in 1399, the House of Lancaster taking the throne from York.
16th century[link]
The Deanery of Craven had similar boundaries to the Wapentake of Staincliffe and so included the following areas which are not in the modern secular district of Craven:
- A large part of what is now the City of Bradford, namely the parishes Keighley, Addingham, and the Silsden and Steeton with Eastburn parts of the parish of Kildwick. However all of Bingley and part of Ilkley, though never part of Staincliffe Wapentake, were within Craven and are also now within Bradford. (They were in the upper division of the Wapentake of Skyrack.)
- The northern section of the modern Lancashire District of Ribble Valley, including Gisburn in Craven, and the Bowland Forest parishes of Bolton by Bowland, Slaidburn and Great Mitton, the latter including Waddington, West Bradford, and Grindleton. (Sawley, while not technically in the old Deanery, is also in this geographical area.)
- The northeastern section of the modern Lancashire District of Pendle, including Barnoldswick, Bracewell, and the part of the old parish of Thornton in Craven which includes Earby and Kelbrook
17th century hearth tax[link]
These valuable records also define the area by wapentakes. This tax was introduced by the government of Charles II at a time of serious fiscal emergency, and collection continued until repealed by William and Mary in 1689. Under its terms each liable householder was to pay one shilling for each hearth within their property, due twice annually at the equinoxes, Michaelmas (29 September) and Lady Day (25 March). The Yorkshire records of all three ridings are now completely transcribed, analyzed and available free online[19]
History of agriculture[link]
Sheep[link]
The hills and slopes of Craven are greatly involved in the history of sheep particularly in the history of wool. After 5000 BC the Neolothic farming movement introduced domesticated sheep,[7]:19 but the Roman occupation of Britain introduced advanced sheep husbandry to Britain and made wool into a national industry. Craven was made accessible by major roads from Lancaster through Ingleton and from York through Gargrave. The extent of a Roman villa farm excavated at Gargrave implies it practiced grazing on nearby moorland.[7]:39 By 1000 AD England and Spain were recognized as the pinnacles of European sheep wool production. About 1200 AD scientific treatises on agricultural estate management began to circulate amongst the Cistercian monasteries in the Yorkshire dales. These indicated the way to greatest profit was to produce wool for export.[20]
“The famous monasteries under the steep, wooded banks of Yorkshire dales began the movement that in the course of four or five hundred years converted most of North England and Scotland from unused wilderness into sheep-run.”—George MaCaulay Trevelyan, 1926[20]
Fountains Abbey strongly affected Craven in upper Wharfedale, Airedale and Littondale. In 1200 the Abbey owned 15,000 sheep in various locations and traded directly with Italian merchants. On the limestone fells it held extensive sheep runs managed by granges located at valley heads to access both the moors and the rough pasture of valley sides. Many granges developed into hamlets. The Fountains’ sheep administrative centre was at Outgang Hill, Kilnsey.[7]:60 By 1320 Bolton Priory’s flock at Malham was about 2,750 and it built extensive sheep farm buildings there. Accounts show that a quarter of its cheese was sheep’s cheese, and that most of the Priory’s came from wool sales.[7]:71 It also developed fulling, sorting and grading into industries.[7]:95 Feudal Lords began to imitate monastic management methods for their own estates[20]:95 and in 1350 when the Black Death killed-off half the rent-paying farmers they had the bailiffs substitute sheep-pasture for tillage. The export of wool to the Flanders looms, and the concurrent growth of cloth manufacture in England, aided by Edward III's importation of Flemish weavers to teach his people the higher skill of the craft, made demand for all the wool that English flocks could supply.[20]:314 As the profitability of wool further increased some landowners converted all arable land into sheep pasture by evicting whole villages. Over 370 deserted medieval villages have been unearthed in Yorkshire.[21][21]:146 Henry VIII in 1539 suppressed the Monasteries and sold Littondale and the Bolton Priory's estates in lower Wharefedale and Airedale to Henry Clifford, 1st Earl of Cumberland and Lord of Skipton.[7]:61 By 1600 the wool trade was the primary source of tax revenue for Queen Elizabeth I. Britain’s success made it a major influence in the development and spread of sheep husbandry worldwide.
In more modern times the Industrial Revolution brought factory production of wool cloth to towns further down Airedale and many Craven families, made redundant by agricultural machinery, moved south to work in the worsted mills. However in 1966 the price of wool fell by 40% due to the increased popularity of synthetic fibres. Farmers complain it now costs more to shear a sheep than you can get for its wool and the result is reduced flocks. Although the tough wool of hill sheep is still used for carpet weaving, sheep breeding is now mostly for lambs to sell on for fattening for meat in low pastures.[22]:25
Forestry[link]
Woodland is an important component of the landscape and are crucial to scenic beauty. The small surviving areas of ancient woodland have high biodiversity value.[23] However the Pennines are now notably lacking in trees despite archaeological evidence showing 90% was woodlands before human settlement. Palynology indicates a coincident decline in trees and increase in grasses. The dramatic shortage of natural woodlands is due to overgrazing and direct clearance for pasture.[24] Since sheep are grazers not browsers they do not affect mature trees however they devour all their seedlings. With a much narrower face than cattle they crop plants very close to the ground and with continuous grazing can overgraze land rapidly. Ancient Common Grazing rights made it impossible to actively grow trees, even for fuel, because coppicing requires enclosure to protect re-growth from sheep.[7]:94 Since 2002 The Yorkshire Dales National Park has encouraged sheep farmers to switch uplands livestock to cattle since they do not graze so intensively. Traditional breeds such as Blue Greys and Belted Galloways can survive the harsh winters and live off the rough grasses just as well a sheep.[25] Since 1968 some moorland has been afforested by the Forestry Commission.[21]:132 Since 2005 the collection of indigenous seeds and propagation by the Dales National Park produced saplings for planting schemes that began in 2010.[23]
Cattle[link]
In the 16th and 17th centuries Longhorn cattle prevailed in Craven. Good quality bulls were bought communally to improve the livestock on the common land beside each village. In the 18th century they crossbredwith Shorthorns: fully grown crossbreeds weighed 420–560 pounds. Some graziers of the Craven highlands also visited Scotland, for example Oban, Lanark and Stirling, to purchased stock to be brought down the drove roads to the cattle-rearing district. In the summer of 1745 the celebrated Mr Birtwhistle brought 20,000 head from the northernmost parts of Scotland to Great Close near Malham.[26]:53 In modern times dairy farming has predominated. After the 1970s Holstein Friesians became the most popular breed.[27]
Crops[link]
Pollen analysis shows that the peak of arable agriculture in Craven was 320-410 AD. But outbreaks of pestilence in the 6th century and in the 7-8th century resulted in a shift away from ploughing to grazing. However, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records the Danish Viking settlers “were engaged in ploughing and making a living for themselves.”[7]:47 Cultivation lynchet terraces and ridge-and-furrow fields of the Middle Ages are visible alongside many villages particularly in Wharfedale and Malhamdale[7]:69 and tithe records show they grew crops of oats, barley and wheat[26]:21 and in rotation, beans and peas.[7]:71 But the wool boom of the 16th century caused most arable land to be turned into pasture. In the 18th century miller’s records show they had to import wheat to grind and sell as flour[26]:21 but the farmers still grew oats for it formed the principle article of their subsistence, some made into bread and puddings[28] but mostly cooked as oatcakes.
“We were browt up on haverbreead and cheese”—Mr J Postlethwaite, 1940[26]:27
Administration[link]
In the 18th century the national Board of Agriculture commissioned a survey of agriculture in the region with a view of improving it. This was published to the public in 1793 as General view of the Agriculture of the West Riding of Yorkshire[29] a 140-page book detailing every factor. The wide variety of soil composition resulted in tithes ranging from 6 shillings up to 3 pounds per acre and farms leasing from 50 to 500 pounds per year. It details by parish quantities of cattle and crop produced, their rotation and market value. The report recommended more wheat and turnips; more sheep and of better breed; criticized poor drainage and design of farm buildings and taught principles of farm management.
Average wages then paid to employees were 12 pounds per annum with victuals and drink; and to temporary labourers 2 shillings and sixpence per day with beer. Hours of work in winter were “dawn till dark” and in harvest time “six till six, with one hour for dinner and another for drinking”. The author shows concern for their virtue and welfare.
Government[link]
Craven is administered by the Craven District Council which is made up of 30 councillors who represent the 19 wards that make up the district.[30]
For representation on North Yorkshire County Council Craven is divided into seven divisions and returns one councillor per division.[31]
On a national level Craven forms part of the Skipton and Ripon constituency which is currently represented by the Conservative Member of Parliament Julian Smith.
Craven District Council allies with other organizations:[32]
- North Yorkshire County is a two tier local authority area, with NYCC being the top and Craven District Council the bottom tier. Whilst CDC is responsible for providing some services NYCC is responsible for others.[33]
- The Leeds City Region is the economic area comprising Craven, Harrogate, York, Bradford, Leeds, Selby, Calderdale, Kirklees, Wakefield and Barnsley. LCR members work together in fields such as transport, housing and spatial planning.[34]
- North Yorkshire Strategic Partnership is a partnership of public sector, private sector and voluntary organizations in Craven working together to meet the needs of the communities.[35]
- North Yorkshire Children's Trust, part of the NYSP, represents all those agencies that working with children and young people across the county. NYCT promotes the five national Every Child Matters outcomes for children.[36]
- York and North Yorkshire Cultural Partnership brings together a number of Yorkshire agencies that bring the benefits of culture to quality of life and economic regeneration. This partnership is working together to deliver the York and North Yorkshire Cultural Strategy 2009–2014.[37]
- Welcome to Yorkshire works to improves what the region has to offer tourists.[38]
Towns[link]
The largest town in Craven is Skipton. Other major population centres in the region include High Bentham, Settle, Grassington. Due to expansion the villages of Sutton-in-Craven, Cross Hills and Glusburn now make one urban conglomerate.
Other Cravens[link]
West Craven[link]
Main article: West Craven
In the 1974 government reorganization of the shire districts some towns were lost to Lancashire but because of cultural history their area is known as West Craven. These are Barnoldswick, Earby, Sough, Kelbrook, Salterforth and Bracewell and Brogden.
Archdeaconry of Craven[link]
The Anglican Church Archdeaconry 542 is named Craven and has four Deaneries: Ewecross, Bowland, Skipton and South Craven.[39] Ecclesiastic Craven is much larger than the civic District of Craven; in particular the north of Ewecross is in Cumbria county, the lower part of South Craven is in West Yorkshire, and south-west Bowland is in Lancashire county.
The Church of England is considering charging their boundary of Bowland to match that of civic Lancashire, but this is unlikely to happen before July 2013.[40]
South Craven[link]
The Deanery of South Craven comprises 20 parishes: Cononley, Cowling, Cross Roads cum Lees, Cullingworth, Denholme, East Morton, Harden, Haworth, Ingrow, Kildwick, Newsholme, Oakworth, Oxenhope, Riddlesden, Sildsden, Steeton with Eastburn, Sutton-in-craven, Thwaites Brow, Utley, Wilsden. Civic boundaries further contrast in that only Bradley, Cowling, Kildwick and Sutton-in-craven are in North Yorkshire, the rest are in West Yorkshire.
Geography[link]
Craven comprises the upper reaches of Airedale, Wharfedale, Ribblesdale and the river Wenning of Lonsdale.
Topography[link]
Main article: Aire Gap
Craven was of great topographic significance for the historic North of England for it provides a low-altitude pass through "the backbone of England".[17] It was the Pennine transport corridor from Cumbria and Strathclyde to the Vale of York. Even Neolithic long-distance trade is proved by many finds of stone axes from central Cumbria.[7]
To the route’s north stand limestone mountains of up to 736 m (2,415 ft) above mean sea level[41] and to its south lie bleak sandstone moors, that above 275 m (902 ft) grow little but bracken.[42]
To walk the Pennine moors is "potentially dangerous if the weather is bad and you are ill equipped. If the cloud comes down you will need both a compass and a knowledge of how to use it."—Jim Jarratt, 2006[43]
File:Craven and Aire-Gap altitudes graph.png
Cross-section of the topography of England, coast to coast. In red is shown the altitudes of the valley called the Craven Basin or the Aire Gap. In particular the A683 from Lancaster on the tidal waters of the Irish Sea, via Ingleton on the A65 to Skipton and then on any major road beyond to Goole where the River Ouse is tidal from the North Sea. This Craven Basin or Aire Gap contrasts with the heights of the mountains of the Yorkshire Dales National Park to the north marked in blue, and also contrasts with the heights of the Forest of Bowland and the South Pennine Moors to the south marked in yellow.[41]
The treeless moorland gives no shelter from storms. Even modern Pennine transport can find it a formidable barrier for roads can be blocked by snow for several days. But the Craven route is a welcoming sheltered passageway, and also inhabited along its length.
The railway-builders sought the lowest course through the valleys of Craven and found that to be 166 m (545 ft) near Giggleswick scar at 54°04′27″N 2°19′05″W / 54.074167°N 2.318056°W / 54.074167; -2.318056 (The lowest pass at Giggleswick Scar), and 160 m (525 ft) just East of Hellifield at 54°00′00″N 2°10′00″W / 54.00000°N 2.16667°W / 54.00000; -2.16667 (Aire Gap, the pass between Ribblesdale and Airedale) a point labeled Aire Gap on maps.[44]
The nearest alternative pass through the Pennines is Stainmore Gap (Eden-Tees)[45] to the North, but that is not in Craven’s league for it climbs to 409 m (1,342 ft)[41] and its climate is classed as sub-arctic in places.[46] The nearest low-level routes across the country are the 228 m (748 ft) Tyne Gap over 100 km (62 mi) to the north, or the Midlands just as far to the south.[41]
Natural vegetation[link]
As the Ice age glacial sheets retreated from Craven ca 11,500 BC plants returned to the bare earth and archaeological palynology can identify their species. The first trees to settle were willow, birch and juniper, followed later by alder and pine. By 6500 BC temperatures were warmer and woodlands covered 90% of the dales with mostly pine, elm, lime and oak. On the limestone soils the oak was slower to colonize and pine and birch predominated. Around 3000 BC a noticeable decline in tree pollen indicates that Neolithic farmers were clearing woodland to increase grazing for domestic livestock, and studies at Linton Mires and Eshton Tarn find an increase in grassland species in Craven.[7]
On poorly drained impermeable areas of millstone grit, shale or clays the topsoil gets waterlogged in Winter and Spring. Here tree suppression combined with the heavier rainfall results in blanket bog up to 2 m (7 ft) thick. The erosion of peat ca 2010 still exposes stumps of ancient trees.[7]
“In digging it away they frequently find vast fir trees, perfectly sound, and some oaks...”—Arthur Young, 1771[47]
Vegetation in the Pennines is adapted to subarctic climates, but altitude and acidity are also factors. For example on Sutton Moor the millstone grit’s topsoil below 275 m (902 ft) has a soil ph that is almost neutral, ph 6 to 7, and so grows good grazing. But above 275 m (902 ft) it is acidic, ph 2 to 4, and so can grow only bracken, heather, sphagnum, and coarse grasses[42] such as cottongrass, purple moor grass and heath rush.[22] Dressing it with lime produces better quality grass for sheep grazing - such is named marginal upland grazing.[42] This points to the advantage of Pastoral farming near Craven Fault where the lime is so available.
Demography[link]
- The population is increasing and growing older. By 2020 Craven’s population is projected at 63,400, an increase of 14.2% (2006 based sub-national population projections ONS).
- 95.6% of the Districts population is white British, with ethnic minority (BME) groups making up 4.4% (Mid Year 2006 Population Estimates, Experimental Statistics ONS).
- Young people aged 19 and under make up 22% of the population, those aged 20 to 64 make up 56%, and those aged 65 and over 22% (Mid Year 2008 Population Estimates, ONS)
- 17.23% of the population consider themselves to have a long-term limiting illness or disability (2001 Census Statistics ONS).[32]
Economy[link]
| Sector | Quantity | % |
|---|---|---|
| Manufacturing | 213 | 7.2 |
| Construction | 369 | 12.5 |
| Distribution, Hotels and Restaurants | 972 | 32.8 |
| Transport and Communications | 157 | 5.3 |
| Banking, Finance and Insurance | 760 | 25.6 |
| Public Admin, Education and Health | 271 | 9.1 |
| Other | 221 | 7.5 |
Economic forecasts for 2010 show that the Craven District's diverse economy, measured in Gross Value Added (GVA), is worth £1.14 billion ($1.87 billion) Since 1998 the value of the District’s economy has grown by 45%. Craven hosts a variety of small businesses - 72% employ less than four people. Businesses that employ above 50 employees (2.2%) are mostly in the south of the District.
- The visitor economy sector has the largest number of businesses.
- The banking, finance and insurance sector has experienced significant growth since 2003 mainly through the Skipton Building Society group.
- Agriculture and land-based industries form a significant part of the District’s economy, particularly within the remoter areas.
- Manufacturing has declined since 2003 but is still a key sector: Major manufacturers are Johnson & Johnson Wound Management and Angus Fire & Transtechnology.[32][49]
Traditional mainstays[link]
Agriculture[link]
The business of agriculture revolves around the Market towns of Craven:
| Market town | Street market | Farmers | Crops auction | Cattle auction | Other livestock |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bentham | Wed | 1st Sat | - | Wed: primestock[51] | 1st Tues: dairy, sheep, seasonals |
| Ingleton | Fri | inactive | - | - | - |
| Settle | Tues | 2nd Sun | - | - | - |
| Gisburn[52] | - | - | Thur: hay and straw | Thur: prime, dairy, sheep[51] | 1st and 3rd Sat: breeding, store |
| Grassington | inactive | 3rd Sun | inactive | inactive | inactive |
| Skipton | Mon Wed Fri Sat | 1st Sat | Mon: crops and produce | Mon: prime, dairy, sheep[53] | 1st and 3rd Wed: store, pedigree |
AHDB, the national Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board,[54] issues regional reports with constant updates on agricultural output:
- CATTLE: For example on 18 July 2011 at Skipton 108 cattle were sold including 55 prime steers@ave £123 ($202); 53 heifers@ave £157; 2 young bulls@ £120; 21 older heifers@ £147.[55]
- SHEEP: For example at Skipton 18 July 2011 price average for 985 lambs was £188; and for 278 ewes/rams £156.[55] Sheep dogs auctions are held seasonally at Skipton and Bentham - the world record price was broken February 2011 with £6,300 ($10,270) for Dewi Fan - previous record £5,145 ($8,390)[56]
- DAIRY: Traditionally mostly sold as cheese. North Yorkshire in 2008 had 649 holdings with 71,518 dairy cows aged over 2 years. Average annual milk yield is 7,406 litres/cow. Wholesale production of milk for all of North Yorkshire 2009/10 was 488,894,588 litres.[57]
Two thirds of Craven lie within the Yorkshire Dales National Park where traditional landscape preservation is required[32][58]
Quarrying[link]
Silurian gritstones are quarried along the North Craven Fault line above Ingleton and in Ribblesdale. Lower Carboniferous Great Scar Limestone is also quarried in those areas and near Grassington; and Carboniferous reef limestones are quarried around Skipton.[59]
Employment[link]
| Occupation | % |
|---|---|
| Sales and customer service | 6 |
| Personnel services | 7 |
| Process: Plant | 8 |
| Administration | 10 |
| Elementary | 12 |
| Professional occupations | 12 |
| Associate Professionals | 12 |
| Skilled Trades | 16 |
| Managers and senior officials | 17 |
| Sector | Quantity | % |
|---|---|---|
| Agriculture | 362 | 1.4 |
| Manufacturing | 2,602 | 9.8 |
| Construction | 1,759 | 6.6 |
| Distribution, Hotels and Restaurants | 7,383 | 27.8 |
| Transport and Communications | 781 | 2.9 |
| Banking, Finance and Insurance | 7,522 | 28.3 |
| Public Administration, Education and Health | 5,357 | 20.1 |
| Other | 825 | 3.1 |
In 2008 there were 26,591 employed; 22% were self-employed. In 2010 each Full Time Equivalent (FTE) employee contributed £40,311 to the District’s economy, representing an increase in productivity of 21.9% since 1998; an annual increase of 1.8%. The value of output per capita (estimated to be £19,703) has increased by 32% since 1998.[49]
Education[link]
Jobskills[link]
The proportion of the working age population with high levels educational attainment is above the national average, and 40% of the District’s residents have managerial and professional occupations. Also Lantra's Landskills offers workshops in efficiency and profitability in agriculture, horticulture and forestry with up to 70% funding. Caven is covered in Farm Business Support and Development and Yorkshire Rural Training Network.[61] Yet from 2004 to 2009 there was generally a decline in attainment of about 12% and the number of people in the District with no qualifications increased by 1.8%. Such people have reduced employment options, however Craven College[62] in Skipton is one of the largest Further Education Colleges in North Yorkshire and provides an outreach service to rural areas.[32]
Museums[link]
Craven Museum & Gallery in Skipton is one of three museums in the district. It has obtained funding to deliver various projects:
- The Phoenix Project; delivered in partnership with the three other museums in Craven increased accessibility of collections.
- The Archaeology in the Landscape project, targeting young people, families and the disadvantaged, delivers events, workshops, demonstrations and education programmes to 3,460 young people and over 17,000 adults.
- The Young Archaeologists Club programme delivered museum education to approx 3,000 students 2009–2010.
As part of the projects above Craven Museum & Gallery staff worked with both the Museum of North Craven Life, The Folly in Settle[63] and the Grassington Folk Museum.[32][64]
Arts[link]
Craven District supports arts through music, theatre, dance, literature, visual arts and festivals. Funding from the Arts Council England (Yorkshire) alone totaled £435,811 between 2006 and 2009. Grants from other sources including the Gulbenkian Fund and Esme Fairburn Trust totaling well over an additional £160,000.[32] A new exhibition gallery was opened in 2005 at Craven Museum & Gallery [3], Skipton, which now hosts a programme of exhibitions each year.
Sport[link]
Craven Council opened the Craven Pool and Fitness Centre in 2003 and extended it in 2007. The Centre reached the semi-finals in the Best Semi Best Sports Project category of The National Lottery Awards. The Craven Active Sports Network develops opportunities for participation in sport and active recreation, sourcing funding for a variety of projects throughout the District, totaling over £14.5 million in 2001–2011. The National Sport Unlimited Scheme, delivering a programme of sporting activity to 1205 young people and teenagers, brought in £45,000 of external funding.[32]
Notable people[link]
William Craven of Appletreewick, born in a modest family, went to London and rose rapidly to became its Lord Mayor. He is sometimes referred to as "Aptrick's Dick Whittington" suggesting the story of Dick Whittington is based on his life.[65] William was born c1518 in Appletreewick near Skipton. At age 14 was sent to London to apprentice to a Watling Street Tailor. He qualified in 1569 and made such a fine impression that in 1600 he was made Alderman of Bishopgate; in 1601 he was chosen Lord Mayor of London and in 1603 was knighted by James I. He made benefactions to Craven Yorkshire, founding the school in Burnsall.[66]
William’s son John founded the famous Craven Scholarships at Oxford and Cambridge Universities and in 1647 left many large charitable bequests to North Yorkshire towns including Burnsall and Skipton in Craven.
After 1660 William's first son William Craven was made the first Earl of Craven by Charles II. However, that title was eponyminous for the estate was Uffington Berkshire; he was in no sense a lord of Craven Yorkshire.
Lady Anne Clifford, 14th Baroness de Clifford owned and restored Skipton Castle in 1665.
Gallery[link]
-
River Wenning passing The Punch Bowl in Low Bentham
-
View of High Bentham from the Heritage Trail
-
View of Settle from Castlebergh
-
View back across the Ribble to Giggleswick Scar.
-
The River Aire at Gargrave
-
View of Skipton from Skipton Moor
References[link]
- ^ "Resident Population Estimates by Ethnic Group (Percentages); Mid-2005 Population Estimates". National Statistics Online. Office for National Statistics. http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=277069&c=craven&d=13&e=13&g=475423&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1206654091593&enc=1&dsFamilyId=1812. Retrieved 28 March 2008.
- ^ Thomas Cox (1731) "Magna Britannia et Hibernia Antiqua Nova'" read online. Retrieved November 2010
- ^ a b "Institute for Name Studies". English Place-Name Society. http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/~aezins/kepn/results_county.php?searcht=Yorkshire%20WR,YOW. Retrieved 25 August 2010. Note: Select the Thorton in Craven entry.
- ^ Genuki Yorkshire Maps
- ^ Mills, A.D., ed. (2003). A Dictionary of British Place-Names. Oxford University Press. p. 137. ISBN 0-19-852758-6.
- ^ Rev. Thomas Cox (1720-31) Magna Britannia et Hibernia Antiqua Nova, Or a New Survey of Great Britain read online, Retrieved November 2010
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o White, Robert (2005) [1997]. The Yorkshire Dales, A landscape Through Time (new ed.). Ilkley, Yorkshire: Great Northern Books. ISBN 1-905080-05-0.
- ^ The genealogical region of Craven, see map on p.2
- ^ Domesday Book UK., Domesday Book UK. Retrieved November 2010
- ^ a b c Labs of the national archives Domesday on a map
- ^ a b c [nationalarchives.gov.uk/domesday/ National Archives]
- ^ R Hindley, the History of Oxenhope, pub 1996 Retrieved November 2010.
- ^ a b c d Gamel Bern paid the most farm taxes in Craven: twelve curactes four bovates: approximately 1,500 acres (610 ha), and Ulf was next with nine curactes: 1,080 acres (440 ha). Gamel Bern was in fact the bairn of Gamel, Thegn in Mercia, and he the son of Orm or Ulf. Together this family of Noblemen held the most land in Northern England.
- ^ Newsholme’s unique church in this hamlet forms part of the farmhouse of Church Farm. Retrieved November 2010
- ^ Roger of Poitou is associated with 632 places after the Conquest Open Domesday, The first free online copy of Domesday Book Accessed March 2012
- ^ Harry Overend (2003) Kildwick Parish Church Accessed January 2012
- ^ a b Harry Speight (1892) The Craven and north-west Yorkshire highlands pp 29–60. read online from p 27; or pdf facsimile, pp 38–69.
- ^ ’’Domesday Book: Yorkshire’’ Ian Morris, ed. Morris, Faull, Stinson – Phillimore, 1992
- ^ Hearth Tax Online, Roehampton University, 2010 Retrieved 2011-06-24
- ^ a b c d Trevelyan, O.M., George Macaulay (1953) [1926]. "2, 7". History of England, Volume=One: From the Earliest Times to the Reformation (3 ed.). Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday Anchor Books. pp. 207, 208, 313, 314. ISBN 0-385-09234-2.
- ^ a b c Talbot, Rob; Robin Whiteman (1998). Yorkshire Landscapes. London: Orion Publishing Group. ISBN 0-297-82366-3.
- ^ a b Kelsall, Dennis; Jan Kelsall (2008). The Yorkshire Dales: South and West. Milnthorpe: Cicerone. ISBN [[Special:BookSources/978185284451|978185284451]]. :26
- ^ a b http://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/index/specialplace/specialquality-nature.htm Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority, Special Quality of Nature. Accessdate August 2011
- ^ http://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/index/lookingafter/projectwork/wildlifeprojects.htm Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority, Limestone wildlife Projects. Accessdate August 2011
- ^ http://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/index/lookingafter/projectwork/limestonecountryproject.htm Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority, Limestone Country Project. Access date August 2011
- ^ a b c d Hartley, Marie; Joan Ingilby (1968). Life and Tradition in the Yorkshire Dales. London: J. M. Dent & Sons Ltd. ISBN 0-498-07668-7. Life and Tradition in the Yorkshire Dales
- ^ Donkin, Kevin (2006). Circular Walks along the Pennine Way (1 ed.). London: Frances Lincoln Ltd. ISBN 978-0-7112-2665-4.
- ^ Whitaker, Thomas Dunham (1805). The History and Antiquities of the Deanery of Craven, in the county of York. Nichols, Payne etc. ISBN 978-1-241-34269-2. Whitaker’s History and Antiquities of the Deanery of Craven
- ^ Rennie; Broun and Shirreff (1793). General view of the Agriculture of the West Riding of Yorkshire. London: W Bulmer & Co..
- ^ "Your Councillors". Craven District Council. 5 June 2008. http://www.cravendc.gov.uk/Craven/Residents/Council+and+Democracy/Democracy/YourCouncillors/. Retrieved 18 June 2009.
- ^ "Craven election results". North Yorkshire County Council. June 2009. http://www.northyorks.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=9853. Retrieved 18 June 2009.
- ^ a b c d e f g h The Craven District Plan 2009-2012.pdf (9.8MB)
- ^ North Yorkshire County Council
- ^ The Leeds City Region
- ^ North Yorkshire Strategic Partnership (NYSP)
- ^ The North Yorkshire Children's Trust
- ^ York and North Yorkshire Cultural Partnership
- ^ Welcome to Yorkshire
- ^ a b http://www.achurchnearyou.com/ A Church Near You
- ^ http://www.cravenherald.co.uk/ Church of England report could affect churches across Craven. Craven Herald & Pioneer, 12 February 2011
- ^ a b c d e Google Earth Altitudes given by Google Earth maps
- ^ a b c page 4 and page 5, Marginal Upland Grazing Sutton Moor, Domesday Reloaded, BBC 1986
- ^ "The Watersheds Walk" by Jim Jarratt Retrieved September 2010
- ^ Enter "Aire Gap, United Kigdom" on Bing Maps
- ^ [1] Ordnance Survey Explorer Map, OL41, Forest of Bowland and Ribblesdale ISBN 978-0-319-24071-7
- ^ "Regional mapped climate averages". The Met Office. http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/regmapavge.html#.
- ^ Arthur Young (1771) "A Six Month Tour of the North of England’"
- ^ a b Annual Business Inquiry 2008
- ^ a b Craven District Council Economic Development Unit
- ^ Daelnet
- ^ a b Richard Turner & Sons of Bentham and Clitheroe
- ^ Gisburn is now in Lancashire but is still an auction market for Craven
- ^ Craven Cattle Marts Ltd of Skipton also have auctions of seasonal livestock on Tues, Wed, Fri and Sat
- ^ http://www.ahdb.org.uk/ The Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board
- ^ a b EBLEX
- ^ World record price broken again at Skipton working dogs sale. pdf
- ^ Daryco Org UK Daryco Org UK
- ^ Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority
- ^ Wilson, Alfred (1992). Geology of the Yorkshire Dales National Park. Grassington: Yorkshire Dales National Park Committee. ISBN 0-905455-34-7.
- ^ NOMIS local labour force survey, annual population survey 2001
- ^ http://www.lantra.co.uk/LandSkills-YH Lantra Landskills Yorkshire and Humber
- ^ Craven College
- ^ The Museum of North Craven Life in Settle
- ^ [2].
- ^ Peach, Howard (2003). "People: Aptrick's Dick Whittington". Curious tales of Old North Yorkshire. Sigma Leisure. pp. 13–14. ISBN 1-85058-793-0. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=lSGub5NxZNYC&pg=PA13&lpg=PA13&dq=william+craven+dick+whittington&source=web&ots=RKGkZm7JDt&sig=FCwJDjkfPjGo-y8VYcsacNL3vY0&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=2&ct=result. Retrieved 20 August 2008.
- ^ "History of Burnsall School". http://www.burnsall.ik.org/news/24861166563.ikml. Retrieved 27 March 2011.
Further reading[link]
- Carr, William (1828). The Dialect of Craven [Horæ momenta Cravenæ]. London: Wm. Crofts. ISBN 978-0-554-43398-1.
- Pontefract, Ella; Marie Hartley (1938). Wharfedale. London: J. M. Dent & Sons Ltd. ISBN 978-1-870071-21-5.
External links[link]
- Craven District Council
- North Yorkshire County Council
- Craven Museum & Gallery, Skipton
- North Craven Historical Research Group, Settle
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 |
This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (October 2009) |
| Beverley Craven | |
|---|---|
| Born | (1963-07-28) 28 July 1963 (age 48) Colombo, Sri Lanka |
| Genres | Pop |
| Occupations | Singer-songwriter |
| Instruments | Vocals / piano |
| Years active | 1990–present |
| Website | www.beverleycraven.com |
Beverley Craven (born 28 July 1963 in Colombo, Sri Lanka) is a British singer-songwriter best known for her 1991 UK Top 5 hit single "Promise Me". Her most recent album, Close To Home, was released in 2009. Craven has sold over 4 million records in her career.
Contents |
Biography[link]
Early life[link]
Craven, although British, was born in Colombo in July 1963 while her father was working for Kodak in Sri Lanka.
Two years later the family returned to Hertfordshire and Craven began taking piano lessons at the age of seven, encouraged by her mother who was a classical violinist. Upon leaving school, she attended art college, whilst performing with various bands in London pubs, and writing songs. She was also an accomplished swimmer during her teens and competed in several local and national swimming competitions around the UK.
Craven did not buy her first pop record until she was 15, especially buying records by singer-songwriters such as Elton John, Judi Tzuke, Stevie Wonder and, in particular, Kate Bush, all of whom influenced her music.
At 18 she left school and her home and worked in a number of odd jobs. Having failed to find any sympathetic musicians with whom to play, at the age of 22 Craven decided to strike out on her own as a piano-playing singer and songwriter. Following a brief stint touring with soul singer Bobby Womack (who tried to sign her to his record label), she recorded her first set of demos and attracted the attention of Go West’s manager, John Glover. He quickly set about securing her a major music publishing deal with Warner Brothers and a development contract with Epic records followed.
Debut album[link]
In November 1988 she was sent to Los Angeles to work with some established songwriters and to ‘learn her craft’ playing in bars and restaurants. The experience was ‘unproductive’ she confesses, preferring even now to write alone. Soon afterwards, again in Los Angeles, she made her first attempt to record her debut album with Stewart Levine of Simply Red fame. However she felt the professionalism of the recordings failed to capture the naivete of her work and was relieved when Epic agreed. She went on to record with Paul Samwell-Smith, whose other production credits included Cat Stevens, Carly Simon and All About Eve.
The album, Beverley Craven was eventually released in July 1990 and, although it initially failed attract attention in the United Kingdom it found acceptance in Europe.
It was not until April 1991 that she found success in her homeland. A re-released "Promise Me" was heavily promoted and eventually peaked at #3 in the UK singles chart, becoming her biggest hit. This success helped her debut album also chart at #3 in the UK, staying charted for over a year in the UK and eventually going double platinum in that country. The album sold in excess of 1,2 million copies worldwide. Other singles released to promote the album, including "Holding On" and "Woman To Woman" were less successful, but helped maintain the momentum.
In 1992 she released a videotape titled Memories, recorded live at the Birmingham Symphony Hall.
In February 1992, Craven performed at the Brit Awards show (following her nomination in three categories), winning the Best British Newcomer Award. She was eight months pregnant when she sang at the Brits and she gave birth to her first child, Mollie, less than a month later.
[edit] Love Scenes
Craven spent much of 1992 enjoying motherhood and recording her second album. Love Scenes, again produced by Paul Samwell-Smith, was eventually released in September 1993. It peaked at #4 on the United Kingdom charts, but overall was much less successful than her debut, spending only 13 weeks on the charts. It spawned three singles, "Love Scenes", "Mollie's Song" (written for her daughter), and a cover of Abba's "The Winner Takes It All". These singles only became minor hits, with only the title track reaching the UK top 40.
In 1993 she embarked on a twelve-date concert tour, and the following Christmas played a sell-out show at the Royal Albert Hall.
[edit] Mixed Emotions
Craven took a five-year hiatus after giving birth to two more daughters, and it was not until 1999 that she released her third album, Mixed Emotions. Craven recorded the album in her home studio and for the first time produced the record herself. The album peaked at #46 in the UK, spending two weeks on the charts. The lead single "I Miss You" was only released as a promo single as the label refused to release it commercially. After promotion for this album ended, Craven left Epic Records and retired from the music industry to take care of her daughters.
Also in 1999, Craven contributed lead vocals on the song "The Very Last Time", included on the album The Time Machine, by Alan Parsons.
2000s[link]
In 2004 The Very Best of Beverley Craven compilation album was released, and Craven embarked on a comeback to promote the record, making a handful of live concert appearances, but shortly after she was diagnosed with breast cancer. Following treatment she was finally given the all-clear, and returned to the stage in 2006, doing more tours in subsequent years.
In March 2009, Craven released her first album in ten years, Close To Home, fully written and produced by herself. She released it on her own record label and sold it initially through her website and at concerts, although later in the year she made it available for purchase on online retailers and on digital outlets. The song "Rainbows", was released as a digital download single, and she filmed a videoclip of it.
Present[link]
Craven released a live DVD, titled Live In Concert in August 2010, as well as a songbook later in the year featuring songs from her four albums.
Craven is now working on an autobiography. She is expected to tour the United Kingdom in 2011.
Personal life[link]
Craven is divorced from British singer-songwriter Colin Campsie. The pair met at a Tears For Fears concert in 1991 and married in 1993. They have three daughters, Mollie (b. 1992), Brenna (b. 1995) and Connie (b. 1996). Mollie appeared on the third series of Take Me Out on 11 February 2012. Beverley Craven also appeared on the accompanying show, Take Me Out, The Gossip, on ITV2, singing Promise Me on the same evening.
Discography[link]
Albums[link]
| Year | Album | UK Albums Chart[1] | Record label |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | Beverley Craven | 3 | Columbia |
| 1993 | Love Scenes | 4 | Epic |
| 1999 | Mixed Emotions | 46 | Epic |
| 2004 | The Very Best of Beverley Craven | - | Epic |
| 2005 | Legends | - | Epic |
| 2009 | Close to Home | - | Campsie Music |
| 2011 | Promise Me: The Best Of Beverley Craven | - | Sony |
Singles[link]
| Year | Song | UK Singles Chart[1][2] | Album | Record label |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | "Promise Me" | - | Beverley Craven | Epic |
| 1990 | "Joey" | - | Beverley Craven | Epic |
| 1990 | "Woman to Woman" | - | Beverley Craven | Epic |
| 1990 | "Holding On" | - | Beverley Craven | Epic |
| 1991 | "Promise Me" (re-release) | 3 | Beverley Craven | Epic |
| 1991 | "Holding On" (re-release) | 32 | Beverley Craven | Epic |
| 1991 | "Woman to Woman" (re-release) | 40 | Beverley Craven | Epic |
| 1991 | "You're Not the First" | - | Beverley Craven | Epic |
| 1991 | "Memories" | 68 | Beverley Craven | Epic |
| 1993 | "Love Scenes" | 34 | Love Scenes | Epic |
| 1993 | "Mollie's Song" | 61 | Love Scenes | Epic |
| 1994 | "The Winner Takes It All" | 77 | Love Scenes | Epic |
| 1999 | "I Miss You" (promo only) | - | Mixed Emotions | Epic |
| 1999 | "We Found a Place" (Polish promo only) | - | Mixed Emotions | Epic |
| 1999 | "Say You're Sorry" (Polish promo only) | - | Mixed Emotions | Epic |
| 2009 | "Rainbows" | - | Close To Home | Campsie Music |
Videos[link]
- Memories (1992) (VHS - a mixture of promo videoclips and a live performance at the Birmingham Symphony Hall)
- Live In Concert (2010) (DVD) - live performance at the High Barn in Great Bardfield, Essex, plus the promo videoclip of her song Rainbows.
References[link]
- ^ a b Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. pp. 125. ISBN 1-904994-10-5.
- ^ Chart Log UK: C Zobbel.de
External links[link]
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Craven, Beverley |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 28 July 1963 |
| Place of birth | Colombo, Sri Lanka |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Beverley_Craven
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| Wes Craven | |
|---|---|
| Born | Wesley Earl Craven (1939-08-02) August 2, 1939 (age 72) Cleveland, Ohio, U.S. |
| Occupation | Actor, film director, writer, producer |
| Years active | 1971–present |
| Spouse | Bonnie Broecker (1964–69) Mimi Craven (1984–87) Iya Labunka (2004–present) |
| Website | |
| http://www.wescraven.com | |
Wesley Earl "Wes" Craven (born August 2, 1939) is an American film director, writer, producer, actor, perhaps best known as the director of many horror films, particularly slasher films, including the famed A Nightmare on Elm Street, Wes Craven's New Nightmare, and he also co-wrote A Nightmare on Elm Street 3: Dream Warriors with Bruce Wagner, featuring the iconic Freddy Krueger character and has directed the entire Scream series, featuring Ghostface. Some of his other films include, The Hills Have Eyes, The Last House on the Left, The Serpent and the Rainbow, The People Under the Stairs, Vampire in Brooklyn, Red Eye, and My Soul to Take.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Craven was born in Cleveland, Ohio, the son of Caroline (née Miller) and Paul Craven.[1] He had a strict Baptist upbringing.[2] Craven earned an undergraduate degree in English and Psychology from Wheaton College in Illinois, and a masters degree in Philosophy and Writing from Johns Hopkins University.[3] Prior to landing his first job in the film industry as a sound editor for a post-production company in New York City, Craven briefly taught English at Westminster College and was a humanities professor at Clarkson College of Technology (now Clarkson University) in Potsdam, New York. He left the academic world for the more lucrative role of pornographic film director. In the documentary Inside Deep Throat, Craven says on camera he made "many X-rated films" under pseudonyms, learning his directing craft.[4] While his role in Deep Throat is undisclosed, most of his early known work involved writing, film editing or both. In 1972 Wes Craven directed his first feature film The Last House on the Left.
Directing and writing career[link]
Craven's works tend to share a common exploration of the nature of reality. A Nightmare on Elm Street, for example, dealt with the consequences of dreams in real life. New Nightmare "brushes against" (but does not quite break) the fourth wall by having actress Heather Langenkamp play herself as she is haunted by the villain of the film in which she once starred. At one point in the film, we see on Wes Craven's word processor a script he has written, which includes the exact conversation he just had with Heather – as if the script was being written as the action unfolded. The Serpent and the Rainbow portrays a man who cannot distinguish between nightmarish visions and reality. In Scream, the characters frequently reference horror films similar to their situations, and at one point Billy Loomis tells his girlfriend that life is just a big movie. This concept was emphasized in the sequels, as copycat stalkers reenact the events of a new film about the Woodsboro killings occurring in Scream. Scream included a scene mentioning the well-known Richard Gere urban legend. Craven stated in interviews that he received calls from agents telling him that if he left that scene in, he would never work again.[5][6] He directed Scream 4. Craven was also set to direct Beetlejuice but dropped out to co-write and executive produce the third outing for Freddy Krueger. The "Elm Street" is located in Potsdam,[7] NY (a small town just south of the Canadian border).
Craven also frequently collaborates with Sean S. Cunningham in his filmography. In Craven's debut feature, The Last House on the Left, Cunningham served as producer. Later, in Craven's most famous film, A Nightmare on Elm Street, Cunningham directed one of the chase scenes, although uncredited. Their infamous characters, Freddy Krueger and Jason Voorhees, appeared together in the 2003 slasher film Freddy vs. Jason with Cunningham acting as producer, while screenwriter Victor Miller is credited as "Character Creator". Later, in The Last House on the Left remake, both Cunningham and Craven share production credits.[8]
Although known for directing horror/thriller films, he has worked on two that were outside this genre: the 1999 film Music of the Heart, and as one of the 22 directors in the 2006 collaboration Paris, je t'aime.
Craven is currently slated to helm the 3rd film in the Ring series, currently titled The Ring 3D. Recently Craven has signed on to adapt the vampire novel Fangland taking over from John Carpenter who has recently backed away from the project.
Awards and nominations[link]
During his career, Wes Craven won nine cinematic awards and received three nominations.
In 1977, he won the 'Prize of the International Critics' Jury' in the "Sitges – Catalonian International Film Festival" for his film The Hills Have Eyes.
In 1985, his horror film A Nightmare on Elm Street won the 'Critic's Award' at the "Avoriaz Fantastic Film Festival".
In 1992, the Brussels International Festival of Fantasy Film presented him the Pegasus Audience Award for the thriller The People Under the Stairs. His Fantasporto won the International Fantasy Film Award for Best Screenplay while the Best Film award went to his film Wes Craven's New Nightmare, the final A Nightmare on Elm Street film he directed. His Shocker was also nominated for Best Film in 1990.
The Gérardmer Film Festival granted him the Grand Prize in '97 for Scream.
He was nominated for Best Director for Scream at the Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films, USA, in 1997.
In 2006, he was honored at Spike TV's Scream with the Mastermind Award (the tribute was presented to him by Neve Campbell).
Other work[link]
Craven designed the Halloween 2008 logo for Google,[9] and was the second celebrity personality to take over the YouTube homepage on Halloween.[10]
Craven had a letter published in the July 19, 1968 edition of Life magazine, praising that periodical's coverage of contemporary rock music, in particular Frank Zappa.[11]
Personal life[link]
Craven's first marriage to Bonnie Broecker produced two children, Jonathan Craven (born 1965) and Jessica Craven (born 1968). Jonathan is a writer and director with a few credits to his name. Jessica was a singer/songwriter in the group the Chapin Sisters. The marriage ended in 1970. In 1982, Craven married Millicent Eleanor Meyer. However, the two divorced, according to Joe Eszterhas's book American Rhapsody, after she began an affair with actress Sharon Stone. Also according to the book, on the day the divorce was finalized, Stone sent Craven a dozen black roses. Although Craven has never publicly commented on Meyer's lesbian affair, he has stated in interviews that the marriage dissolved after he discovered it "was no longer anything but a sham."[12] As of 2010, he was married to Iya Labunka.[13]
Craven is a birder and in 2010 became a member of Audubon California's Board of Directors.[13]
Books[link]
| Year | Title |
|---|---|
| 1999 | Fountain Society |
Filmography[link]
| Year | Film | Director | Producer | Writer | Editor | Actor | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1971 | Together |
 N |
||||||
| 1972 | The Last House on the Left |
N |
N |
N |
||||
| 1973 | It Happened in Hollywood |
N |
N |
King's Litter Bearer | ||||
| 1975 | The Carhops |
N |
||||||
| Angela, The Fireworks Woman |
N |
N |
N |
N |
The Fireworks Man | |||
| 1976 | Thunder Buns |
N |
N |
Photographer | ||||
| Honey Pie |
N |
|||||||
| Sweet Cakes |
N |
N |
Photographer | |||||
| 1977 | Hot Cookies |
N |
||||||
| The Hills Have Eyes |
N |
N |
N |
|||||
| 1978 | Stranger in Our House |
N |
TV Movie | |||||
| 1981 | Deadly Blessing |
N |
N |
N |
||||
| Kent State |
N |
|||||||
| 1982 | Swamp Thing |
N |
N |
|||||
| 1984 | Invitation to Hell |
N |
||||||
| A Nightmare on Elm Street |
N |
N |
||||||
| 1985 | Chiller |
N |
||||||
| The Hills Have Eyes Part II |
N |
N |
||||||
| The NEW Twilight Zone |
N |
TV Show | ||||||
| 1986 | Deadly Friend |
N |
||||||
| Casebusters |
N |
TV Movie | ||||||
| 1987 | A Nightmare on Elm Street 3: Dream Warriors |
N |
N |
|||||
| 1988 | The Serpent and the Rainbow |
N |
||||||
| 1989 | The People Next Door |
N |
TV Show | |||||
| Shocker |
N |
N |
N |
N |
The neighbour | |||
| 1990 | Night Visions |
N |
N |
Anthology Series | ||||
| 1991 | The People Under the Stairs |
N |
N |
N |
||||
| 1992 | Nightmare Cafe |
N |
N |
Anthology Series | ||||
| 1993 | Laurel Canyon |
N |
||||||
| Body Bags |
N |
Pasty faced man in garage | Cameo | |||||
| 1994 | Wes Craven's New Nightmare |
N |
N |
N |
N |
Himself | ||
| 1995 | Vampire in Brooklyn |
N |
||||||
| The Hills Have Eyes III |
N |
|||||||
| 1996 | Scream |
N |
N |
"Fred" (School Janitor/Freddy Look-a-like) | Cameo | |||
| 1997 | Scream 2 |
N |
N |
N |
Doctor | |||
| Wishmaster |
N |
|||||||
| 1998 | Hollyweird |
N |
TV Movie | |||||
| Don't Look Down |
N |
|||||||
| Carnival of Souls |
N |
|||||||
| 1999 | Music of the Heart |
N |
||||||
| 2000 | Scream 3 |
N |
N |
Tourist | Cameo | |||
| Dracula 2000 |
N |
|||||||
| 2001 | Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back |
N |
Himself | Cameo | ||||
| 2002 | They Shoot Divas, Don't They? |
N |
TV Movie | |||||
| 2004 | Tales from the Crapper |
N |
Himself | |||||
| The Cutting Edge: The Magic of Movie Editing |
N |
|||||||
| 2005 | Cursed |
N |
||||||
| Inside Deep Throat |
N |
Himself | ||||||
| Feast |
N |
|||||||
| Red Eye |
N |
|||||||
| 2006 | Pulse |
N |
Remake | |||||
| The Hills Have Eyes |
N |
Remake | ||||||
| The Breed |
N |
|||||||
| Paris, je t'aime |
N |
N |
N |
Vampire's Victim | Segment: Père-Lachaise | |||
| 2007 | The Hills Have Eyes 2 |
N |
N |
Remake | ||||
| Agitation |
N |
|||||||
| The Tripper |
N |
Top hat-wearing hippy | Cameo | |||||
| 2008 | Diary of the Dead |
N |
Radio voice | |||||
| 2009 | The Last House on the Left |
N |
Remake | |||||
| 2010 | My Soul to Take |
N |
N |
N |
||||
| 2011 | Scream 4 |
N |
N |
N |
Coroner at the Randalls | Cameo | ||
| deleted scene |
References[link]
- ^ Wes Craven Biography (1939–)
- ^ The Biography Channel – Wes Craven Biography
- ^ Muir, John Kenneth (1998). Wes Craven: The Art of Horror. Jefferson, South Carolina: McFarland & Co. ISBN 0-7864-0576-7. pp. 8–9.
- ^ http://www.radfordreviews.com/cgi-bin/rview.cgi?rm=mode2&type=article&name=ALookInsideDeepThroat
- ^ http://web.archive.org/web/20021003142223/http://www.geocities.com/Hollywood/Boulevard/7811/screamreferences.html
- ^ Steve Simels (September 5, 1997). "Slashed and Burned". Entertainment Weekly. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,289310,00.html.
- ^ Biography for Wes Craven at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ "'Scream IV' Officially Greenlit with Wes Craven Attached". http://www.bloody-disgusting.com/news/19559.
- ^ "Wes Craven Carves Google Logo". http://www.comicmix.com/news/2008/10/31/wes-craven-carves-google-logo.
- ^ "Wes Craven Takes Over YouTube for Halloween!". Tubefilter News. August 31, 2008. http://news.tubefilter.tv/2008/10/30/wes-craven-takes-over-youtube-for-halloween/. Retrieved November 11, 2008.
- ^ Life Magazine, July 19, 1968
- ^ [1]
- ^ a b Frost, G (May 28, 2010). "Director Wes Craven joins Audubon California's Board of Directors". Audublog. Audubon California. http://www.audublog.org/?p=3931. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
External links[link]
- Official website
- Wes Craven at AllRovi
- Wes Craven at the Open Directory Project
- Wes Craven at the Internet Movie Database
- Wes Craven interview
- Official Youtube
|
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Craven, Wes |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | August 2, 1939 |
| Place of birth | Cleveland, Ohio, U.S. |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Wes_Craven
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Wes Craven
http://cs.wn.com/Wes Craven
http://id.wn.com/Wes Craven
http://es.wn.com/Wes Craven
http://ru.wn.com/Крэйвен, Уэс
http://nl.wn.com/Wes Craven
http://pt.wn.com/Wes Craven
http://pl.wn.com/Wes Craven
http://fr.wn.com/Wes Craven
http://de.wn.com/Wes Craven
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes_Craven
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Dave Brubeck | |
|---|---|
 Dave Brubeck at the White House for the 2009 Kennedy Center Honors |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | David Warren Brubeck |
| Born | (1920-12-06) December 6, 1920 (age 91) Concord, California United States |
| Genres | Jazz Cool jazz West Coast jazz Third stream |
| Occupations | Pianist Composer Bandleader |
| Instruments | Piano |
| Years active | 1940s–present |
| Associated acts | Dave Brubeck Quartet |
David Warren "Dave" Brubeck (born December 6, 1920) is an American jazz pianist. He has written a number of jazz standards, including "In Your Own Sweet Way" and "The Duke". Brubeck's style ranges from refined to bombastic, reflecting his mother's attempts at classical training and his improvisational skills. His music is known for employing unusual time signatures, and superimposing contrasting rhythms, meters, and tonalities.
His long-time musical partner, alto saxophonist Paul Desmond, wrote the Dave Brubeck Quartet's best remembered piece, "Take Five",[1] which is in 5/4 time and has endured as a jazz classic on the top-selling jazz album, Time Out.[2] Brubeck experimented with time signatures throughout his career, recording "Pick Up Sticks" in 6/4, "Unsquare Dance" in 7/4, and "Blue Rondo à la Turk" in 9/8. He is also a respected composer of orchestral and sacred music, and wrote soundtracks for television such as Mr. Broadway and the animated mini-series This Is America, Charlie Brown.
Contents |
Early life and career[link]
Brubeck was born in Concord, California[1] and grew up in Ione. He is of English (maternal), Swiss and possibly Native American Modoc Tribe [3] multi-ethnic (paternal) ancestry[4] His father, Howard "Pete" Brubeck, was a cattle rancher, and his mother, Elizabeth (née Ivey), who had studied piano in England under Myra Hess and intended to become a concert pianist, taught piano for extra money.[5] Brubeck originally did not intend to become a musician (his two older brothers, Henry and Howard, were already on that track), but took lessons from his mother. He could not read sheet music during these early lessons, attributing this difficulty to poor eyesight, but "faked" his way through, well enough that this deficiency went mostly unnoticed.[6]
Intending to work with his father on their ranch, Brubeck entered the College of the Pacific (now the University of the Pacific) studying veterinary science, but transferred on the urging of the head of zoology, Dr. Arnold, who told him "Brubeck, your mind's not here. It's across the lawn in the conservatory. Please go there. Stop wasting my time and yours".[7] Later, Brubeck was nearly expelled when one of his professors discovered that he could not read music. Several of his professors came forward, arguing that his ability with counterpoint and harmony more than compensated. The college was still afraid that it would cause a scandal, and agreed to let Brubeck graduate only after he promised never to teach piano.[8]
After graduating in 1942, Brubeck was drafted into the army and served overseas in George Patton's Third Army. He was spared from service in the Battle of the Bulge when he volunteered to play piano at a Red Cross show; he was such a hit he was ordered to form a band. Thus he created one of the US armed forces' first racially integrated bands, "The Wolfpack".[8] While serving in the military, Brubeck met Paul Desmond in early 1944.[9] He returned to college after serving nearly four years in the army, this time attending Mills College and studying under Darius Milhaud, who encouraged him to study fugue and orchestration, but not classical piano. While on active duty, he received two lessons from Arnold Schoenberg at UCLA in an attempt to connect with High Modernism theory and practice.[10] However, the encounter did not end on good terms since Schoenberg believed that every note should be accounted for, an approach which Brubeck could not accept.
After completing his studies under Milhaud, Brubeck helped to establish Berkeley, California's Fantasy Records. He worked with an octet (the recording bears his name only because Brubeck was the best-known member at the time), and a trio including Cal Tjader and Ron Crotty. Highly experimental, the group made few recordings and got even fewer paying jobs. The trio was often joined by Paul Desmond on the bandstand, at Desmond's prodding.[11]
Quartet era[link]
File:Time magazine cover, Dave Brubeck, November 1954.jpg
Dave Brubeck, featured on TIME magazine cover, "The Man on Cloud No. 7". November 8, 1954[12]
Following a near-fatal swimming accident which incapacitated him for several months, Brubeck organized The Dave Brubeck Quartet in 1951, with Desmond on saxophone. They took up a long residency at San Francisco's Black Hawk nightclub and gained great popularity touring college campuses, recording a series of albums with such titles as Jazz at Oberlin (1953), Jazz at College of the Pacific (1953), and Brubeck's debut on Columbia Records, Jazz Goes to College (1954). In that same year, he was featured on the cover of Time magazine, the second jazz musician to be so honored (the first was Louis Armstrong on February 21, 1949[13]). Brubeck personally found this accolade embarrassing since he considered Duke Ellington more deserving of it and was convinced that himself being Caucasian as opposed to Ellington being African American was a factor for why he was favored.[14]
Early bassists for the group included Ron Crotty, Bob Bates, and Bob's brother Norman Bates; Lloyd Davis and Joe Dodge held the drum chair. In 1956, Brubeck hired Joe Morello, who had been working with Marian McPartland; Morello's presence made possible the rhythmic experiments that were to come. In 1958 Eugene Wright joined for the group's US State Department tour of Europe and Asia. Wright became a permanent member in 1959, making the "classic" Quartet's personnel complete. Wright, however, is African-American. During the late 1950s and early 1960s Brubeck canceled several concerts because the club owners or hall managers continued to resisted the idea of an integrated band on their stages. He also canceled a television appearance when he found out that the producers intended to keep Wright off-camera.{Citation needed|date=May 2012}}
In 1959, the Dave Brubeck Quartet recorded Time Out, an album their label was enthusiastic about but nonetheless hesitant to release. Featuring the album art of S. Neil Fujita, the album contained all original compositions, almost none of which were in common time: 9/8, 5/4, 3/4, and 6/4 were used inspired by Eurasian folk music they experienced during that US State Department sponsored tour.[15] Nonetheless, on the strength of these unusual time signatures (the album included "Take Five", "Blue Rondo à la Turk", and "Three To Get Ready"), it quickly went platinum.
Time Out was followed by several albums with a similar approach, including Time Further Out: Miro Reflections (1961), using more 5/4, 6/4, and 9/8, plus the first attempt at 7/4; Countdown: Time in Outer Space (dedicated to John Glenn) (1962), featuring 11/4 and more 7/4; and Time Changes (1963), with much 3/4, 10/4 (which was really 5+5), and 13/4. These albums were also known for using contemporary paintings as cover art, featuring the work of Joan Miró on Time Further Out, Franz Kline on Time in Outer Space, and Sam Francis on Time Changes.
A high point for the group was their 1963 live album At Carnegie Hall, described by critic Richard Palmer as "arguably Dave Brubeck's greatest concert".
In the early 1960s, Brubeck and his wife Iola developed a jazz musical, The Real Ambassadors, based in part on experiences they and their colleagues had during foreign tours on behalf of the US State Department. The soundtrack album, which featured Louis Armstrong, Lambert, Hendricks & Ross, and Carmen McRae was recorded in 1961; the musical itself was performed at the 1962 Monterey Jazz Festival.
At their peak in the early '60s, the Brubeck Quartet was releasing as many as four albums a year. Apart from the 'College' and the 'Time' series, Brubeck recorded four LPs featuring his compositions based on the group's travels, and the local music they encountered. Jazz Impressions of the USA (1956, Morello's debut with the group), Jazz Impressions of Eurasia (1958), Jazz Impressions of Japan (1964), and Jazz Impressions of New York (1964) are less well-known albums, but all are brilliant examples of the quartet's studio work, and they produced Brubeck standards such as "Summer Song," "Brandenburg Gate," "Koto Song," and "Theme From Mr. Broadway." (Brubeck wrote, and the Quartet performed, the theme song for the Craig Stevens CBS drama series; the music from the series became material for the "New York" album.)
In 1961 Dave Brubeck appeared in a few scenes of the British Jazz/Beat film All Night Long, which starred Patrick McGoohan and Richard Attenborough. Brubeck merely plays himself, and his piano playing includes closeups of his fingerings. Brubeck performs "It's a Raggy Waltz" from the Time Further Out album and duets briefly with bassist Charles Mingus in "Non-Sectarian Blues".
In the early 1960s Dave Brubeck was the program director of WJZZ-FM radio (now WEZN). He achieved his vision of an all jazz format radio station along with his friend and neighbor John E. Metts, one of the first African Americans in senior radio management.
The final studio album for Columbia by the Desmond/Wright/Morello quartet was Anything Goes (1966) featuring Cole Porter songs. A few concert recordings followed, and The Last Time We Saw Paris (1967) was the "Classic" Quartet's swansong.
Later career[link]
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Brubeck's disbanding of the Quartet at the end of 1967 allowed him more time to compose the longer, extended orchestral and choral works that were occupying his attention (to say nothing of Brubeck's desire to spend more time with his family). February 1968 saw the premiere of The Light in the Wilderness for baritone solo, choir, organ, the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra conducted by Erich Kunzel, and Brubeck improvising on certain themes within. The piece is an oratorio on Jesus's teachings. The next year, Brubeck produced The Gates of Justice, a cantata mixing Biblical scripture with the words of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
Personal life[link]
Four of Brubeck's six children are professional musicians. Darius, the eldest, is an accomplished pianist, producer, educator and performer. (He was named after Dave Brubeck's mentor Darius Milhaud.[16]) Dan is a renowned percussionist, Chris is a multi-instrumentalist and composer. Matthew, the youngest, is a versatile cellist with an impressive list of composing and performance credits. Brubeck's children often join with him in concerts and in the recording studio.
Brubeck believed what he saw during World War II contradicted the Ten Commandments, and the war evoked a spiritual awakening.[citation needed] He became a Catholic in 1980, shortly after completing the Mass To Hope which had been commissioned by Ed Murray, editor of the national Catholic weekly Our Sunday Visitor. Although he had spiritual interests before that time, he said, "I didn't convert to Catholicism, because I wasn't anything to convert from. I just joined the Catholic Church."[17] In 1996, he received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. In 2006, Brubeck was awarded the University of Notre Dame's Laetare Medal, the oldest and most prestigious[18] honor given to American Catholics, during the University's commencement. He performed "Travellin' Blues" for the graduating class of 2006.
Brubeck founded the Brubeck Institute with his wife Iola at their alma mater, the University of the Pacific in 2000. What began as a special archive, consisting of the personal document collection of the Brubecks has since expanded to provide fellowships and educational opportunities in jazz for students, also leading to having one of the main streets the school resides on named in his honor, Dave Brubeck Way.[19]
Recognition[link]
On April 8, 2008, United States Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice presented Brubeck with a "Benjamin Franklin Award for Public Diplomacy" for offering an American "vision of hope, opportunity and freedom" through his music.[20] "As a little girl I grew up on the sounds of Dave Brubeck because my dad was your biggest fan," said Rice.[21] The State Department said in a statement that "as a pianist, composer, cultural emissary and educator, Dave Brubeck's life's work exemplifies the best of America's cultural diplomacy."[20] At the ceremony Brubeck played a brief recital for the audience at the State Department.[20] "I want to thank all of you because this honor is something that I never expected. Now I am going to play a cold piano with cold hands," Brubeck stated.[20]
California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and First Lady Maria Shriver announced on May 28, 2008 that Brubeck would be inducted into the California Hall of Fame, located at The California Museum for History, Women and the Arts. The induction ceremony occurred December 10, and he was inducted alongside eleven other legendary Californians.[22]
In September 2009, the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts announced Brubeck as a Kennedy Center Honoree for exhibiting excellence in performance arts.[23] The Kennedy Center Honors Gala took place on Sunday, December 6 (Brubeck's 89th birthday) and was broadcast nationwide on CBS on December 29 at 9:00 pm EST.
On September 20, 2009, at Monterey Jazz Festival, Brubeck was awarded an honorary Doctor of Music degree (D.Mus. honoris causa) from Berklee College of Music.[24]
On May 16, 2010, Brubeck was awarded an honorary Doctor of Music degree (honoris causa) from The George Washington University in Washington, DC. The ceremony took place on the National Mall.[citation needed]
On July 5, 2010, Brubeck was awarded the Miles-Davis Award at the Montreal International Jazz Festival.[citation needed]In 2010, Bruce Ricker and Clint Eastwood produced a documentary Dave Brubeck: In His Own Sweet Way about Brubeck for Turner Classic Movies (TCM) to commemorate his 90th birthday in December 2010.[25]
Brubeck has become a supporter of the Jazz Foundation of America in their mission to save the homes and the lives of elderly jazz and blues musicians, including musicians that survived Hurricane Katrina.[26] Brubeck supported the Jazz Foundation by performing in their annual benefit concert "A Great Night in Harlem" in 2006.[27]
Awards[link]
- Connecticut Arts Award (1987)
- National Medal of Arts, National Endowment for the Arts (1994)
- DownBeat Hall of Fame (1994)
- Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award (1996)
- Doctorate honoris causa University of Fribourg, Switzerland (2004)
- Laetare Medal (University of Notre Dame) (2006)
- BBC Jazz Lifetime Achievement Award (2007)
- Benjamin Franklin Award for Public Diplomacy (2008)[20]
- Inducted into California Hall of Fame (2008)
- Kennedy Centre Honour (2009)[28]
- George Washington University Honorary Degree (2010)[29]
- Honorary Fellow of Westminster Choir College, Princeton, New Jersey (2011)
Discography[link]
- Brubeck Trio with Cal Tjader, Volume 1 (1949)
- Brubeck Trio with Cal Tjader, Volume 2 (1949)
- Brubeck/Desmond (1951)
- Stardust (1951)
- Dave Brubeck Quartet (1951)
- Jazz at the Blackhawk (1952)
- Dave Brubeck/Paul Desmond (1952)
- Jazz at Storyville (live) (1952)
- featuring Paul Desmond In Concert (live) (1953)
- Two Knights at the Black Hawk (1953)
- Jazz at Oberlin (1953) Fantasy Records
- Dave Brubeck & Paul Desmond at Wilshire Ebell (1953)
- Jazz at the College of the Pacific (1953) Fantasy Records
- Jazz Goes to College (1954) Columbia Records
- Dave Brubeck at Storyville 1954 (live) (1954)
- Brubeck Time (1955)
- Jazz: Red Hot And Cool (1955)
- Brubeck Plays Brubeck (1956)
- Dave Brubeck and Jay & Kai at Newport (1956)
- Jazz Impressions of the U.S.A. (1956)
- Plays and Plays and... (1957) Fantasy Records
- Reunion (1957) Fantasy Records
- Jazz Goes to Junior College (live) (1957)
- Dave Digs Disney (1957)
- In Europe (1958)
- Complete 1958 Berlin Concert (released 2008)
- Newport 1958
- Jazz Impressions of Eurasia (1958)
- Gone with the Wind (1959) Columbia Records
- Time Out (1959) Columbia Records/Legacy (RIAA: Platinum)
- Southern Scene (1960)
- The Riddle (1960)
- Brubeck and Rushing (1960)
- Brubeck a la Mode (1961) Fantasy Records
- Tonight Only with the Dave Brubeck Quartet (1961, with Carmen McRae)
- Take Five Live (1961, Live, Columbia Records, with Carmen McRae, released 1965)
- Near-Myth (1961) Fantasy Records
- Bernstein Plays Brubeck Plays Bernstein (1961)
- Time Further Out (1961) Columbia Records/Legacy
- Countdown—Time in Outer Space (1962) Columbia Records
- The Real Ambassadors (1962)
- Music From West Side Story (1962)
- Bossa Nova U.S.A. (1962)
- Brubeck in Amsterdam (1962, released 1969)
- Brandenburg Gate: Revisited (1963) Columbia Records
- At Carnegie Hall (1963)
- Time Changes (album) (1963)
- Dave Brubeck in Berlin (1964)
- Jazz Impressions of Japan (1964) Columbia Records/Legacy
- Jazz Impressions of New York (1964) Columbia Records/Legacy
- Angel Eyes (1965)
- My Favorite Things (1965)
- The 1965 Canadian Concert (released 2008)
- Time In (1966) Columbia Records
- Anything Goes (1966)
- Bravo! Brubeck! (1967)
- Buried Treasures (1967, released 1998)
- Jackpot (1967) Columbia Records
- The Last Time We Saw Paris (1968)
- Adventures in Time (Compilation, 1972) Columbia Records
- The Light in the Wilderness (1968)
- Compadres (1968)
- Blues Roots (1968)
- Brubeck/Mulligan/Cincinnati (1970)
- Live at the Berlin Philharmonie (1970)
- The Last Set at Newport (1971) Atlantic Records
- Truth is Fallen (1972)
- We're All Together Again For the First Time (1973)
- Two Generations of Brubeck (1973)
- Brother, the Great Spirit Made Us All (1974)
- All The Things We Are (1974)
- Brubeck & Desmond 1975: The Duets
- DBQ 25th Anniversary Reunion (1976) A&M Records
- The New Brubeck Quartet Live at Montreux (1978)
- A Cut Above (1978)
- La Fiesta de la Posada (1979)
- Back Home (1979) Concord Records
- A Place in Time (1980)
- Tritonis (1980) Concord Records
- To Hope! A Celebration By Dave Brubeck (A Mass in the Revised Roman Ritual) - Original now out-of-print 1980 recording conducted by Erich Kunzel. Pastoral Arts Associates (PAA) of North America, Old Hickory, Nashville, Tennesses 37187 LP record number DRP-8318. Music Copyright 1979 St. Francis Music. Recording Copyright 1980 Our Sunday Visitor, Inc.
- Paper Moon (1982) Concord Records
- Concord on a Summer Night (1982)
- For Iola (1984)
- Marian McPartland's Piano Jazz with guest Dave Brubeck (1984, released 1993)
- Reflections (1985)
- Blue Rondo (1986)
- Moscow Night (1987)
- New Wine (1987, released 1990)
- The Great Concerts (Compilation, 1988)
- Quiet As The Moon (Charlie Brown soundtrack) (1991)
- Once When I Was Very Young (1991)
- Time Signatures: A Career Retrospective (Compilation, 1992) Sony Colombia Legacy
- Trio Brubeck (1993)
- Late Night Brubeck (1994)
- Just You, Just Me (solo) (1994)
- Nightshift (1995)
- Young Lions & Old Tigers (1995)
- To Hope! A Celebration (1996)
- A Dave Brubeck Christmas (1996)
- In Their Own Sweet Way (1997)
- So What's New? (1998)
- The 40th Anniversary Tour of the U.K. (1999)
- One Alone (2000)
- Double Live From the USA & UK (2001)
- The Crossing (2001)
- Vocal Encounters (Compilation, 2001) Sony Records
- Classical Brubeck (with the London Symphony Orchestra, 2003) Telarc
- Park Avenue South (2003)
- The Gates of Justice (2004)
- Private Brubeck Remembers (solo piano + Interview disc w. Walter Cronkite) (2004)
- London Flat, London Sharp (2005) Telarc
- Indian Summer (2007) Telarc
- Live at the Monterey Jazz Festival 1958–2007 (2008)
- Yo-Yo Ma & Friends Brubeck tracks: Joy to the World, Concordia. (2008)Sony BMG
- Everybody Wants To Be A Cat: Disney Jazz Volume 1 Brubeck tracks: Some Day My Prince Will Come, Alice In Wonderland (with Roberta Gambarini) (2011)
- Their Last Time Out (DBQ recorded Live, 12/26/67) (2011)
References[link]
- ^ a b Reception honors Concord native son, jazz great Dave Brubeck, ci.concord.ca.us, retrieved on September 28, 2007
- ^ "Jazz Music – Jazz Artists – Jazz News". Jazz.com. http://www.jazz.com/gallery/sony-collectibles. Retrieved 2012-05-04.
- ^ [see: paragraph one, of the second page of the Dave Brubeck interview by Martin Totusek in Cadence Magazine - The Review of Jazz & Blues, December 1994, Vol. 20 No. 12, pages 5 – 17]
- ^ Smithsonianjazz.org
- ^ Storb, Ilse (2000). Jazz meets the world – the world meets Jazz, Volume 4 of Populäre Musik und Jazz in der Forschung. LIT Verlag Berlin-Hamburg-Münster. p. 129. ISBN 3-8258-3748-3.
- ^ An Hour With Dave Brubeck, WNYC
- ^ It's About Time: The Dave Brubeck Story, by Fred M. Hall.
- ^ a b Rediscovering Dave Brubeck, PBS
- ^ Liner notes to the album "25th Anniversary Reunion", by The Dave Brubeck Quartet
- ^ Starr, Kevin. 2009. Golden dreams: California in an age of abundance, 1950–1963. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- ^ Down Beat artists profile
- ^ Music: The Man on Cloud No. 7 (cover story) TIME, November 8, 1954.
- ^ Time magazine cover: Louis Armstrong – February 21, 1949
- ^ Kaplan, Fred (2009). 1959: The Year that Changed Everything. John Wiley & Songs. p. 131.
- ^ Kaplan (2009). 1959. pp. 131–132.
- ^ "Darius Brubeck – Piano". Rediscovering Dave Brubeck. PBS. http://www.pbs.org/brubeck/theMan/darius.htm. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
- ^ Rediscovering Dave Brubeck, PBS
- ^ "Jazz legend Dave Brubeck to receive Laetare Medal". University of Notre Dame Office of News & Information. March 25, 2006. http://newsinfo.nd.edu/news/8301-jazz-legend-dave-brubeck-to-receive-laetare-medal. Retrieved December 13, 2009.
- ^ Brubeck Summer Jazz Colony – University of the Pacific
- ^ a b c d e "Jazz great Brubeck wins US public diplomacy award", AFP, April 8, 2008.
- ^ "Whatever Happened to Cultural Diplomacy?", All About Jazz, April 19, 2008.
- ^ "Artists Dominate the 2008 "California Hall of Fame"". California Arts Council. May 28, 2008. http://www.cac.ca.gov/artsnews/featuredetail.php?id=46. Retrieved December 13, 2009.
- ^ "Kennedy Center Honorees for 2009 Are: Mel Brooks, Robert De Niro, Grace Bumbry, Bruce Springsteen and Dave Brubeck". The Washington Post. September 9, 2009. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/09/09/AR2009090901512.html. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
- ^ . Berklee College of Music. August 19, 2009. http://www.berklee.edu/news/853/dave-brubeck-to-receive-honorary-doctorate. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
- ^ "In Dave Brubeck’s Own Sweet Way". Jazz Times. http://jazztimes.com/articles/26871-in-dave-brubeck-s-own-sweet-way. Retrieved January 13, 2011.
- ^ Allaboutjazz.com. February 11, 2009. Allaboutjazz.com
- ^ blogspot.com. February 11, 2009. Blogspot.com.
- ^ Kennedy-center.org
- ^ GWU.edu
Bibliography[link]
- Isenberg, Barbara. State of the Arts: California Artists Talk About Their Work. 2005
Others[link]
- Photographs, documents, and video clips of oral history interviews from the Brubeck Collection are available at the University of the Pacific Library's Digital Collections.
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Dave Brubeck |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Brubeck, Dave |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | American musician, composer |
| Date of birth | December 6, 1920 |
| Place of birth | Concord, California, USA |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave_Brubeck
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Kurt Thomas Busch | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Born | (1978-08-04) August 4, 1978 (age 33) Las Vegas, Nevada, United States |
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| Achievements | 2003 IROC Champion 2004 NASCAR Nextel Cup Series Champion |
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| Awards | 2000 NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series Rookie of the Year | ||||||
| NASCAR Sprint Cup Series career | |||||||
| 412 race(s) run over 13 year(s) | |||||||
| Car no., team | No. 51 (Phoenix Racing) | ||||||
| 2011 position | 11th | ||||||
| Best finish | 1st - 2004 | ||||||
| First race | 2000 MBNA.com 400 (Dover) | ||||||
| Last race | 2012 Coca-Cola 600 (Charlotte) | ||||||
| First win | 2002 Food City 500 (Bristol) | ||||||
| Last win | 2011 AAA 400 (Dover) | ||||||
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| NASCAR Nationwide Series career | |||||||
| 18 race(s) run over 4 year(s) | |||||||
| Car no., team | No. 1 (Phoenix Racing) No. 54 (Kyle Busch Motorsports) |
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| 2011 position | 97th | ||||||
| Best finish | 39th (2006) | ||||||
| First race | 2008 Emerson Radio 250 (Richmond) | ||||||
| Last race | 2012 Pioneer Hi-Bred 250 (Iowa) | ||||||
| First win | 2006 O'Reilly 300 (Texas) | ||||||
| Last win | 2012 Virginia 529 College Savings 250 (Richmond) | ||||||
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| NASCAR Camping World Truck Series career | |||||||
| 25 race(s) run over 2 year(s) | |||||||
| Best finish | 2nd (2000) | ||||||
| First race | 2000 Daytona 250 (Daytona) | ||||||
| Last race | 2001 GNC Live Well 200 (Milwaukee) | ||||||
| First win | 2000 Sears DieHard 200 (Milwaukee) | ||||||
| Last win | 2000 Motorola 200 (California) | ||||||
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| Statistics current as of May 24, 2012. | |||||||
Kurt Thomas Busch (born August 4, 1978) is an American NASCAR and NHRA driver. He drives the No. 51 TAG Heuer/Phoenix Construction Chevrolet Impala for Phoenix Racing in the Sprint Cup Series and drives the No. 1 Phoenix Construction Chevrolet Impala for Phoenix and the No. 54 Monster Energy Toyota Camry for Kyle Busch Motorsports in the Nationwide Series.
Busch has also driven for Penske Racing and Roush Fenway Racing in his Sprint Cup career, which began in 2001.
Busch, winner of 24 Cup races and the 2004 championship, also races on an "opportunity permitting" basis in the Pro Stock division of NHRA. [1]
He is a second-generation race car driver, his father Tom won several NASCAR sanctioned events. He is the older brother of Kyle Busch, who is also a NASCAR driver.[2]
Busch won the Cup Series Championship in 2004, the first ever season using the "Chase for the Cup" points format, finishing just eight points ahead of Jimmie Johnson. With a 2006 win in the Nationwide Series, Busch became one of only 23 drivers with a win in all three of NASCAR's top divisions: the Sprint Cup Series, the Nationwide Series, and the Camping World Truck Series.
Contents |
Early and personal life[link]
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This biographical section of an article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (August 2009) |
At the age of six, Busch was accompanying his father to the track and driving go-carts himself. As an underage teenager, he competed in Dwarf competition winning in just his second race, at the Las Vegas Speedway Park. This father and son team competed western tracks from Southern California to Utah. In 1994, his first full year as a driver, Busch won 10 consecutive races at 10 different tracks. His father eventually sold their dwarf equipment and purchased a powerful car for the Legends Series, which Busch began driving in 1996 at age 18.[2] After graduating at Durango High School, Busch enrolled at the University of Arizona, hoping to earn a degree in Pharmacy.[2]
Busch became engaged to girlfriend, Eva Bryan, while attending the 2005 Hungarian Grand Prix. On July 27, 2006, during an off weekend following the Sprint Cup Pocono race, they were married in Virginia. The footage was taped and later aired on national television. His younger brother Kyle Busch also competes full-time in both the Sprint Cup Series, Nationwide Series and runs part time in the Camping World Truck Series. Busch is also an avid fan of the Chicago Cubs and the Chicago Bears. The 2011 NASCAR season took a toll on the marriage and finally, Kurt and Eva filed for divorce in early June and were legally separated later that month. Kurt appeared to show off his new girlfriend, Patricia Driscoll, during the June 26, 2011 Toyota/Save Mart 350 weekend at Sonoma, California.[3]
Racing career[link]
Beginnings[link]
Busch's first racing experience was in a Dwarf car at age 14 at Pahrump Valley Speedway.[4] He was put in the Dwarf car by his father.[5]
Busch earned his big break after Chris Trickle was wounded in a mysterious shooting (Trickle would die of the injuries over a year later and to this day the murderer has never been found). The Star Nursery team looked for a new driver to replace Trickle for the No. 70 team. Busch gained national exposure while competing against Ron Hornaday, Jr., Matt Crafton, Greg Biffle, Kevin Harvick and others for the first time in the 1997 Winter Heat Series at Tucson Raceway Park.
Busch and the Star Nursery team went on to win the 1998 Auto Zone Elite Division Southwest Series Rookie of the Year.[6] He followed up by winning the series championship in 1999.[7]
That led to a tryout in a Roush Racing "Gong Show", which he won and earned a Craftsman Truck Series ride. He raced the No. 99 Exide Batteries Ford F-150.[4] He won four races and finished runner-up to teammate Greg Biffle in the championship standings, as well as winning Rookie of the Year honors.
Sprint Cup Series[link]
Roush Racing[link]
2000–2005[link]
Roush announced during the 2000 season that Busch was being promoted to the Winston Cup series to replace Chad Little in Roush's No. 97 John Deere Ford for the 2001 season. However, Little was released from the ride toward the end of the season and Busch ran several races, beginning at Dover in September, with Jeff Hammond as his crew chief. Busch finished 48th in the points with no wins, top fives, or top tens.
Busch ran for rookie of the year honors in 2001, starting 35 of 36 races with no wins, although he scored three top fives and six top tens that year. However, he ran the first several races in an unsponsored car due to John Deere pulling its sponsorship before Roush signed Newell Rubbermaid as the team's sponsor, with its Sharpie brand featured on the hood of the car. He and Dale Earnhardt made contact in the Daytona 500, and Earnhardt stuck his hand out the window at Busch to give him the finger. To this day Busch recalls this as the only time he encountered Earnhardt on the track (in fact, it was the last time Earnhardt and Busch competed in the same race due to Earnhardt's fatal crash at the end of the race). Busch finished with a 27th place finish in the championship standings, was the runner-up for the Rookie of the Year award, earned more than $2 million in winnings. Busch's best finish was third at the spring Talladega race, and he added a fifth place at Indianapolis. He also won the pole for the Southern 500 at Darlington.
2002 was Busch's breakout year in the Winston Cup Series. He won his first race at the Food City 500 in Bristol in the spring. Busch added a second win at Martinsville in October, then won at Atlanta the next week and Homestead in the season finale. Busch scored four wins, 12 top fives and 20 top tens, with one pole, and finishing third in the final standings in 2002. He finished the season particularly strong, winning three out of the final five races and finishing third and sixth and leading many laps in the other two. Busch finished 3rd in points that year. He also collected $5,105,394.
Busch had an up and down year in 2003, finishing 11th in the season standings, earning four wins (including a season sweep at Bristol, making him the first driver to do that since Rusty Wallace accomplished the feat in 2000), nine top fives and 14 top tens but finishing only 11th in the standings following a late season slump, although he collected US$5 million+ dollars again that year. Busch was the runner-up finisher in the closest finish in NASCAR history on March 16, 2003. The race in Darlington, South Carolina was decided with a two-lap side-by-side battle with Ricky Craven, who ended up crossing the finish line first, 0.002 seconds ahead of Busch.
In 2004, Busch won three races, two poles and the inaugural NASCAR Nextel Cup Championship. He won his fourth consecutive race at Bristol after winning the Food City 500 in March (winning that race for the third consecutive year), and became the second driver to sweep both races at New Hampshire Motor Speedway in a single season. He scored ten top five and 21 top ten finishes that season. Irwin Industrial Tools and Crown Royal replaced Rubbermaid as his sponsor. Midway through the 2005 season, Busch announced that he would be leaving Roush Racing at the end of the season and would replace Rusty Wallace in the No. 2 Miller Lite Dodge for Penske Racing South. Busch won three races during the 2005 season, along with nine top five and 18 top ten finishes in 34 races. He finished 10th in the final standings.
Penske Racing[link]
2005–2011[link]
Busch left Roush Racing and joined Penske Racing South in 2006. Busch had asked team owner Jack Roush to let him out of his contract at the end of the 2005, but Roush initially refused. However, after Chip Ganassi released Jamie McMurray from his 2006 contract, Roush decided to release Busch. McMurray, who was originally slated to join Roush in 2007 to drive the No. 6, instead replaced Busch in the No. 97, which was then renumbered to No. 26. In the 2006 season, driving for Penske, Busch scored one win at Bristol Motor Speedway in the Food City 500, his fifth win at the track. Busch celebrated the victory by getting out of his car and making a snow angel on the track, due to snow that had fallen at the track that weekend. He also won six poles and had seven top fives and twelve top ten finishes but finished 16th in the final standings. He also made his Busch Series debut for Penske in the No. 39 Penske Truck Rental Dodge at Texas Motor Speedway, winning in his first race. He ran six more races that season and picked up a second win at Watkins Glen International. In the 2007 season, Busch had two wins, one pole, scored five top-fives, and ten-top tens through 26 races and qualified for the Chase for the Sprint Cup. Busch's on-track performance increased noticeably after the addition of Pat Tryson as his crew chief mid-way through the season.[8] He also ran four more Busch races, earning 2 top five and 3 top ten finishes.
In 2008, in order to make sure rookie teammate Sam Hornish Jr. would be guaranteed a starting spot in the season's first five races, the owner's points from Busch's No. 2 car were transferred over to the No. 77 car driven by Hornish. Busch would still be guaranteed a starting spot, due to NASCAR's Champion's Provisional Rule, which states that the most recent series champion not in the top 35 in the previous season's final owner points automatically qualifies for a race. (with his 2004 championship, Busch was by several years the most recent). On June 29, Busch broke a 29-race winless streak at New Hampshire Motor Speedway when the Lenox Industrial Tools 301 was called due to rain on lap 284. It was his fourth win since joining Penske Racing and 18th overall.
He began his 2009 season at the 2009 Daytona 500, he was involved in a wreck on lap 124 when Dale Earnhardt Jr. swerved into Brian Vickers. Vickers shot up the track and hit the wall, ricocheting into Denny Hamlin, who came down into Busch. He then spun into the grass (along with 8 other drivers). Busch made numerous pit stops to repair the car, and was able to finish tenth. Busch then qualified fourth for the season's second race at the Auto Club Speedway in Fontana, California. He ran in the top five most of the race and finished fifth. This moved him up seven spots in the standings to third. Busch led most of the race the 2009 Kobalt Tools 500, leading 235 of 325 laps and getting his nineteenth Sprint Cup Series victory. He led more laps in the race than he did in the entire 2008 season. He remained in the top five in points for the rest of the season. He qualified for the chase, and ended up 4th in the standings, the first car that was not under the Hendrick Motorsports banner.Busch picked up another win at the 2009 Dickies 500 after his brother Kyle ran out of fuel with two laps to go.
For the 2010 season in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series, Penske Racing will bring Brad Keselowski on board to drive the No. 12 Penske Racing Dodge Charger. Busch and Sam Hornish will be his teammates.[9] Keselowski will also run a full-time Nationwide Series, driving the No. 22 Discount Tires Dodge Challenger. 2009 Rookie Justin Allgaier will accompany him in the Nationwide Series.[10] Steve Addington, who was Kyle Busch's crew chief for the past two seasons and led the younger Busch to 14 victories, became the crew chief for Kurt at the start of the 2010 season, as Pat Tryson left to join Michael Waltrip Racing as Martin Truex Jr's crew chief. On May 22, 2010, Kurt Busch won the 26th Annual NASCAR Sprint All-Star Race. He then followed it up by winning the Coca-Cola 600 the following weekend, becoming only the seventh driver to win both in the same year. Kurt eventually made the Chase being seeded 5th in points. Busch also, amazingly, finished seventh at Daytona after wrecking three times in the last twelve laps. Busch would finish out the season 11th among the Chase contenders.
2011-2012[link]
In 2011, Busch earned his first Budweiser Shootout win after Denny Hamlin went below the yellow line at the end of the race at Daytona. He would go on to win the 2011 Gatorade Duel 1, and because Pole Winner Dale Earnhardt Jr's crash in practice, which forced him into a backup car, Kurt Busch started in first for the 2011 Daytona 500, and started the 2011 season 3 for 3. Busch won the pole for and led most of the race at Kansas, for 152 laps. However, a fuel pickup issue late hurt his chances of winning. Teammate Brad Keselowski took the victory. However, a few weeks later on June 26, Kurt finally got an elusive road course victory at Infineon Raceway. Not only did he win, but he also the most laps with 76. Because of Brad Keselowski's injury during a practice crash at Road Atlanta, Busch filled in for Keselowski in his NASCAR Nationwide Series car for the Zippo 200 at Watkins Glen International, and Busch managed to get the pole and the win. As of August 13, 2011, Kurt Busch has won 1/4 of all of his Nationwide races. On October 2 Kurt Busch won on 2 late restarts beating Jimmie Johnson in turn 1 leading the final 43 laps to grab his first ever victory at the Monster Mile at Dover. After a frustrating final 5 races, things came to a head when Busch launched a verbal tirade against ESPN pit reporter Dr. Jerry Punch at Homestead. Crew chief Steve Addington moved to Stewart-Haas Racing after the 2011 season.
Busch's employment with Penske Racing terminated on December 5, 2011. Although most observers of the sport believe he was fired,[11] Busch claimed in a public statement that the parting was "mutual": "I am grateful to Penske Racing for six very productive years. Together we won a lot of races — 16 in all. ... Coming to a mutual agreement to go our separate ways is a positive step for me."[12] In contrast, the Charlotte Observer reported several sources confirming team owner Roger Penske decided that Busch's altercation at Homestead-Miami Speedway was the last straw in his stormy tenure with the team but chose to defer the announcement until after Champion's Week.[13]
Following his release from Penske Racing, Busch reached an agreement to drive for Phoenix Racing, driving the No. 51 Chevrolet, for the 2012 Sprint Cup Series season,[14] with limited sponsorship from TAG Heuer.[15] He will also run a limited Nationwide Series schedule for the team,[16] while running additional Nationwide Series races for Kyle Busch Motorsports, sharing the No. 54 Monster Energy car with his younger brother.[17]
At the 2012 Aaron's 499 at Talladega, Busch paid homage to the 2006 racing comedy Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby by running his #51 car with the paint scheme of Ricky Bobby's #62 "ME" Cougar car from the movie, causing NASCAR on Fox commentators Mike Joy, Larry McReynolds and Darrell Waltrip to jokingly refer to Busch as "Ricky Bobby" throughout the race, and Busch also dropped movie lines into radio chatter with his spotter and crew chief. Busch's girlfriend Patricia Driscoll spent months getting permission from Sony and Will Farrell as well as other trademark and license holders. Busch's real-life fall from grace during the 2011-12 Sprint Cup off-season has been compared to Ricky Bobby's.[18] Towards the end of the race, when Busch spun out on the trioval off the bumper of Brad Keselowski, Busch made a unique move by driving back to the pits through the pit road exit and then swinging around to take his pit stop.
NHRA[link]
Busch began training in January 2011 under veteran NHRA Pro Stock driver Allen Johnson and obtained his NHRA Pro Stock competition license. He made his drag-racing competition debut on March 10 at the 42nd annual Tire Kingdom Gatornationals in Gainesville, FL. On March 12, Busch qualified in the Pro Stock field, and made his first professional drag-racing Elimination-round start on March 13, losing to Erica Enders by 0.004 second in a car carrying Shell sponsorship and painted to look like his NASCAR Sprint Cup racer. Busch is only the third driver to cross over between NASCAR and NHRA, the other two being Richard Petty and John Andretti.[1]
Controversies[link]
2005 Phoenix incident[link]
Busch's 2005 season was cut short by two races after a confrontation during the Phoenix, Arizona race weekend with Maricopa County Sheriff deputies on November 11, 2005, when he was pulled over for suspicion of drunken driving and cited for reckless driving.[19] At first, the Sheriff's department claimed that their equipment for sobriety testing had failed and they could not release results of his drunk driving tests. This claim later proved to be false, but by this time, Roush Racing responded two days later by suspending Busch for the remainder of the season and replacing him with Kenny Wallace for the final two races. Team president Geoff Smith famously declared they were "officially retiring as Kurt Busch's apologists."[20] Busch was 8th in the Cup Series Chase for the Championship at the time of the incident. He was sentenced to serve 50 hours of community service which was to be completed within one year. In November 2006, one year after the incident, Busch was declared an honorary deputy in Maricopa County.
2011 Homestead incident[link]
In the final race of the 2011 season, Busch finished 47 laps behind the leaders, after spending time in the garage for mechanical issues. While turning into the garage, Busch made an obscene hand gesture. While his car was undergoing repairs, Busch verbally abused Dr. Jerry Punch while waiting to be interviewed by Punch for ESPN, in an incident captured by a fan and posted on YouTube.[21] NASCAR fined Busch $50,000 for his actions during the race, and Penske Racing issued an apology for Busch's "inappropriate actions".[22]
In December 2011, he announced that he was seeing a sports psychologist, acknowledging "I need to be a better person on the radio, to the team, as a leader. It's personal issues, of course, and working with a sports psychologist, I've gotten obviously a small grasp, but there's obviously bigger things that I need to accomplish and things can't happen overnight."[23]
Penske Racing and Busch later mutually agreed to part ways,[24] although many in the sport believe he was fired.[25]
Feuds with rival drivers[link]
In the February 2006 edition of GQ Magazine, he was selected number three on their list of the top ten most hated athletes, behind Barry Bonds and Terrell Owens.[26]
Aside from Jimmy Spencer, Busch has had notable run-ins with Greg Biffle, Kevin Harvick, Robby Gordon, Jimmie Johnson, and Tony Stewart and even with younger brother Kyle Busch, who he now races for in the Nationwide Series. On June 4, 2007 in the Autism Speaks 400 at Dover International Speedway, after a crash with Stewart he drove beside Stewart's car on pit road, and gestured through his window netting. Busch was penalized 100 championship points, fined $100,000, and placed on probation until the end of the year.
But Busch would tangle with Stewart again only months later. During practice for the 2008 Budweiser Shootout at Daytona, Stewart clipped the back end of Busch's car sending Busch into the wall. After sustaining major damage Busch drove towards Stewart's car and rammed Stewart's car three times before attempting to return to the garage after the practice was called. Stewart had stopped his car in an effort to block Busch from going back into the garage area but Busch went around Stewart.
On June 21, 2009 in the Toyota Save-Mart 350 Busch was involved in a wreck with Johnson. Three weeks later at Chicagoland Speedway, both Johnson and Busch were involved in another incident where they collided into each other. Busch then retaliated by colliding with Johnson's car in the door area shortly after the contact. Over a year later, Busch was involved in an accident at Pocono Raceway after bumpdrafting with Johnson. His crash was overshadowed by Elliott Sadler's horrific crash.
On May 15, 2012, Busch was fined $50,000 and put on probation until July 25, 2012 after being involved in an altercation with Ryan Newman and reckless driving on pit road during the Bojangles' Southern 500 at Darlington Raceway three days earlier.[27]
Racing record[link]
Sprint Cup Series[link]
Summary[link]
| Year | Starts* | Wins | Non-Points Wins | Top Fives | Top Tens | Poles | Rank | Winnings | Team(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48th | $311,915 | Roush Racing |
| 2001 | 35 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 27th | $2,170,629 | Roush Racing |
| 2002 | 36 | 4 | 0 | 12 | 20 | 1 | 3rd | $3,707,346 | Roush Racing |
| 2003 | 36 | 4 | 0 | 9 | 14 | 0 | 11th | $5,020,485 | Roush Racing |
| 2004 | 36 | 3 | 0 | 12 | 21 | 1 | 1st | $4,152,732 | Roush Racing |
| 2005 | 34 | 3 | 0 | 9 | 18 | 0 | 10th | $6,512,818 | Roush Racing |
| 2006 | 36 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 12 | 6 | 16th | $5,688,605 | Penske Racing |
| 2007 | 36 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 14 | 1 | 7th | $5,178,513 | Penske Racing |
| 2008 | 36 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 10 | 0 | 18th | $4,987,409 | Penske Racing |
| 2009 | 36 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 21 | 0 | 4th | $4,987,409 | Penske Racing |
| 2010 | 36 | 2 | 1 | 9 | 17 | 2 | 11th | $6,732,738 | Penske Racing |
| 2011 | 36 | 2 | 2 | 8 | 16 | 3 | 11th | $4,796,176 | Penske Racing |
| Total | 393 | 24 | 3 | 88 | 169 | 15 | 1 Championship | $67,414,238 |
(Data current as of October 3, 2011)[28]
References[link]
- ^ a b Stan Creekmore (January 7, 2011). "BUSCH WORKING WITH ALLEN JOHNSON FOR POTENTIAL GATORS DEBUT". http://www.competitionplus.com/drag-racing/news/16443-busch-working-with-allen-johnson-for-potential-gators-debut. Retrieved January 10, 2011.
- ^ a b c http://www.jockbio.com/Bios/Busch/Busch_bio.html
- ^ Diaz, George (June 30, 2011). "Kurt Busch marriage woes ropes in NASCAR media, ethics". The Orlando Sentinel. http://blogs.orlandosentinel.com/en_fuego/2011/06/kurt-busch-marriage-woes-ropes-in-nascar-media-ethics.html. Retrieved 2011-12-22.
- ^ a b 2000 NASCAR Preview and Press Guide. 2000. UMI Publications. Page 321 – profile of 2000 season Craftsman Truck Series drivers.
- ^ 2000 NASCAR Preview and Press Guide. 2000. UMI Publications. Page 437 – profile of 1999 Featherlite Southwest Series champion (Kurt Busch).
- ^ Chevrolet 1998 Season Review, December 8, 1998; motor sport.com; Retrieved February 15, 2008
- ^ Chevy Adds to Win Tally in '99, December 22, 1999; motor sport.com; Retrieved February 15, 2008
- ^ Tryson takes over No. 2 Kurt Busch Crew Chief Duties
- ^ http://www.nascar.com/2009/news/headlines/cup/09/01/bkeselowski.penske/index.html
- ^ http://www.nascar.com/2009/news/business/09/16/discount.tire.penske.bkeselowski/index.html
- ^ http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-31751_162-57336573-10391697/kurt-busch-fired-by-penske-racing/
- ^ Kurt Busch (December 5, 2011). "KURT BUSCH STATEMENT ON MUTUAL AGREEMENT TO LEAVE PENSKE RACING". http://www.kurtbusch.com/. Retrieved December 5, 2011.
- ^ http://www.cbssports.com/nascar/story/16343021/penske-kurt-busch-to-reportedly-part-ways
- ^ Spencer, Lee (December 22, 2011). "Kurt Busch reaches deal for 2012 ride". Fox Sports. http://msn.foxsports.com/nascar/story/Former-NASCAR-Sprint-Cup-Champion-Kurt-Busch-finds-new-ride-for-2012. Retrieved 2011-12-22.
- ^ Busbee, Jay (January 11, 2012). "See here: Kurt Busch joins with Tag Heuer for three races". From the Marbles. Yahoo! Sports. http://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/nascar-from-the-marbles/see-kurt-busch-joins-tag-heuer-three-races-203353980.html. Retrieved 2012-01-25.
- ^ "Busch adds Nationwide races with Phoenix". Fox Sports. January 9, 2012. http://msn.foxsports.com/nascar/story/Kurt-Busch-to-run-NASCAR-Nationwide-Series-races-with-Phoenix-Racing-010912. Retrieved 2012-01-15.
- ^ Owens, Jeff (January 19, 2012). "Busch brothers to share Nationwide Series ride with Kyle Busch Motorsports". SceneDaily.com. The Sporting News. http://www.scenedaily.com/news/articles/nationwideseries/Busch_brothers_to_share_Nationwide_Series_ride_with_Kyle_Busch_Motorsports.html. Retrieved 2012-01-19.
- ^ "Talladega gets ready for the Ballad of Kurt Busch". USA Today. May 5, 2012. http://www.usatoday.com/sports/motor/nascar/story/2012-05-05/kurt-busch-talladega-nights-ricky-bobby/54771926/1.
- ^ Associated Press. Kurt Busch cited for reckless driving. NASCAR.com. URL accessed on July 12, 2006.
- ^ Associated Press. 'Last straw': Kurt Busch suspended for rest of season. ESPN.com. URL accessed on July 12, 2006.
- ^ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NsaBQq5D4Zg
- ^ http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/writers/tim_tuttle/11/30/kurt.busch.done.at.penske.racing/index.html
- ^ Busbee, Jay (December 2, 2011). "Bravo to Kurt Busch for seeing a sports psychologist". From The Marbles. Yahoo! Sports. http://sports.yahoo.com/nascar/blog/from_the_marbles/post/Bravo-to-Kurt-Busch-for-seeing-a-sports-psycholo?urn=nascar-wp5540. Retrieved 2012-01-19.
- ^ http://www.penskeracing.com/news/index.cfm?cat_id=542&cid=50920
- ^ http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/C/CAR_NASCAR_KURT_BUSCH_PENSKE?SITE=GENERIC&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT&CTIME=2011-12-05-13-57-18
- ^ Gargill, David & Penn, Nate (2006). The Ten Most Hated Athletes. men.style.com. URL accessed on July 12, 2006.
- ^ "Busch fined, on probation for Darlington actions". Official Release. NASCAR. May 15, 2012. http://www.nascar.com/news/120515/kbusch-fined-darlington-infraction/index.html. Retrieved May 16, 2012.
- ^ "Kurt Busch Career Statistics". Racing-Reference.info. 1978-08-04. http://racing-reference.info/driver/Kurt_Busch. Retrieved 2011-06-04.
External links[link]
- Official website
- Kurt Busch at Racing Reference
- 10 Questions with Kurt Busch – July 2005 interview of the defending Nextel Cup champ
| Sporting positions | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Matt Kenseth |
NASCAR Nextel Cup Series Champion 2004 |
Succeeded by Tony Stewart |
| Preceded by Kevin Harvick |
IROC XXVII Champion 2003 |
Succeeded by Matt Kenseth |
| Preceded by Steve Portenga |
NASCAR Featherlite Southwest Tour Champion 1999 |
Succeeded by Matt Crafton |
| Achievements | ||
| Preceded by Tony Stewart |
Sprint All-Star Race XXVI Winner 2010 |
Succeeded by Carl Edwards |
| Preceded by Kevin Harvick |
Budweiser Shootout Winner 2011 |
Succeeded by Kyle Busch |
| Preceded by Mike Stefanik |
NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series Rookie of the Year 2000 |
Succeeded by Travis Kvapil |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Busch, Kurt |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | American race car driver and NASCAR champion |
| Date of birth | August 4, 1978 |
| Place of birth | Las Vegas, Nevada, USA |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
