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Tuesday, 27 November 2012
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The Known Universe by AMNH
The American Museum of Natural History
American Museum of Natural History
American Museum of Natural History | New York |
The American Museum of Natural History in New York City
Science Bulletins: Whales Give Dolphins a Lift
American Museum of Natural History - New York City, New York, United States..." width="225" height="168" class="playvideo1 gotop" onClick="activateTab('playlist1'); return false" style="display: block;" />
American Museum of Natural History, New York
AMNH Explorer App for iPhone & iPod touch
Science Bulletins: Shrinking Glaciers—A Chronology of Climate Change
Inside the Collections: Ornithology
American Museum of Natural History Tour

American Museum of Natural History

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The Known Universe by AMNH
  • Order:
  • Duration: 6:31
  • Updated: 27 Nov 2012
The Known Universe takes viewers from the Himalayas through our atmosphere and the inky black of space to the afterglow of the Big Bang. Every star, planet, and quasar seen in the film is possible because of the world's most complete four-dimensional map of the universe, the Digital Universe Atlas that is maintained and updated by astrophysicists at the American Museum of Natural History. The new film, created by the Museum, is part of an exhibition, Visions of the Cosmos: From the Milky Ocean to an Evolving Universe, at the Rubin Museum of Art in Manhattan through May 2010. Data: Digital Universe, American Museum of Natural History www.haydenplanetarium.org Visualization Software: Uniview by SCISS Director: Carter Emmart Curator: Ben R. Oppenheimer Producer: Michael Hoffman Executive Producer: Ro Kinzler Co-Executive Producer: Martin Brauen Manager, Digital Universe Atlas: Brian Abbott Music: Suke Cerulo For more information visit www.amnh.org
  • published: 15 Dec 2009
  • views: 10851219
  • author: AMNHorg
http://web.archive.org./web/20121127210956/http://wn.com/The Known Universe by AMNH
The American Museum of Natural History
  • Order:
  • Duration: 7:01
  • Updated: 16 Nov 2012
A quick view at the American Museum of Natural History in New York. The AMNH is a scientific research and education institution, with collections of more than 32 million specimens and artifacts.
http://web.archive.org./web/20121127210956/http://wn.com/The American Museum of Natural History
American Museum of Natural History
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  • Duration: 1:05
  • Updated: 16 Sep 2012
The American Museum of Natural History is voted #1 attraction in New York City by Zagat Survey's, US Family Travel Guide. Included in your ticket: Rose Center for Earth and Space, Hayden Planetarium Space Show and museums 46 permanent exhibition halls. Dont miss world renowned Dinosaur Halls, a 94-foot- long blue whale in the Milstein Hall of Ocean Life, the new Spitzer Hall of Human Origins, and much more.
http://web.archive.org./web/20121127210956/http://wn.com/American Museum of Natural History
American Museum of Natural History | New York |
  • Order:
  • Duration: 10:39
  • Updated: 08 Nov 2012
American Museum of Natural History
  • published: 10 Jul 2010
  • views: 5673
  • author: Moshe Sadeh
http://web.archive.org./web/20121127210956/http://wn.com/American Museum of Natural History | New York |
The American Museum of Natural History in New York City
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  • Duration: 1:05
  • Updated: 08 Nov 2012
Located on Central Park West and 79th Street, The American Museum of Natural History is a renowned landmark in Manhattan. Check out their fossil exhibitions with the famous dinosaurs, the Hall of Ocean Life with a 94 foot whale suspended from the ceiling, or Hayden Planetarium for an incredible show. With 46 permanent halls and many new exhibitions, there is always something to see here. Go to their website for more information at www.amnh.org. CityPass is available at the Museum of Natural History. It includes entry to the museum and Hayden Planetarium. Check out their website at www.citypass.com.
http://web.archive.org./web/20121127210956/http://wn.com/The American Museum of Natural History in New York City
Science Bulletins: Whales Give Dolphins a Lift
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  • Duration: 1:52
  • Updated: 27 Nov 2012
Many species interact in the wild, most often as predator and prey. But recent encounters between humpback whales and bottlenose dolphins reveal a playful side to interspecies interaction. In two different locations in Hawaii, scientists watched as dolphins "rode" the heads of whales: the whales lifted the dolphins up and out of the water, and then the dolphins slid back down. The two species seemed to cooperate in the activity, and neither displayed signs of aggression or distress. Whales and dolphins in Hawaiian waters often interact, but playful social activity such as this is extremely rare between species. The latest Bio Bulletin from the Museum's Science Bulletins program presents the first recorded examples of this type of behavior. Visitors to AMNH may view the video in the Hall of Biodiversity until February 9, 2012. Science Bulletins is a production of the National Center for Science Literacy, Education, and Technology (NCSLET), part of the Department of Education at the American Museum of Natural History. Find out more about Science Bulletins at www.amnh.org Related Links: Two Unusual Interactions Between a Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) and a Humpback Whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) in Hawaiian Waters bit.ly The Hawaii Association for Marine Education and Research, Inc. www.hamerhawaii.com National Marine Mammal Foundation nmmpfoundation.org
  • published: 10 Jan 2012
  • views: 1885363
  • author: AMNHorg
http://web.archive.org./web/20121127210956/http://wn.com/Science Bulletins: Whales Give Dolphins a Lift
American Museum of Natural History - New York City, New York, United States
  • Order:
  • Duration: 2:23
  • Updated: 28 Oct 2012
tripwow.tripadvisor.com - Created at TripWow by TravelPod Attractions (a TripAdvisor™ company) American Museum Of Natural History New York City Interactive, modernized exhibits and an IMAX theater help bring this museum, dedicated to understanding the past, into the 21st century. Read more at: www.travelpod.com Travel blogs from American Museum of Natural History: - "... Earlier that day we had explored the American Museum of Natural History, of which I had high expectations for ..." - "... We crossed Central Park to the other side (a good 25 minute walk) and tried out the American Museum of Natural History instead, known for one of the biggest Dinosaur exhibitions in the world ..." - "... 99 - lunch special American Museum of Natural History Back to apartment for a rest The Lion King 29th: Staten Island Ferry - Statue ..." - "... The next morning we got up bright and early and went to the ' American Museum of Natural History ', which was quite cool but absolutely enormous We started off with the dinosaur floor and managed to read loads of the ..." - "... We also managed the American Museum of Natural History where we saw meteors, dinosaur bones and pre- history artefacts ..." - "... headed back across the park, passed the Turlte Pond and Belvedere Castle (which was closed) and headed towards the American Museum of Natural History, the one where Ross Geller works in Friends There was lots of things to see, including the dinosaurs, ..." - "... to all the sights Awesome ...
http://web.archive.org./web/20121127210956/http://wn.com/American Museum of Natural History - New York City, New York, United States
American Museum of Natural History, New York
  • Order:
  • Duration: 3:36
  • Updated: 16 Nov 2012
The American Museum of Natural History (abbreviated as AMNH), located on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City, United States, is one of the largest and most celebrated museums in the world. Located in park-like grounds across the street from Central Park, the Museum comprises 25 interconnected buildings that house 46 permanent exhibition halls, research laboratories, and its renowned library. The collections contain over 32 million specimens, of which only a small fraction can be displayed at any given time. The Museum has a scientific staff of more than 200, and sponsors over 100 special field expeditions each year. For a full travel blog from my trip to New York check out www.markowens.co.uk
http://web.archive.org./web/20121127210956/http://wn.com/American Museum of Natural History, New York
AMNH Explorer App for iPhone & iPod touch
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  • Duration: 1:44
  • Updated: 30 Sep 2012
Chart your own course at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City with AMNH Explorer—a new app that is part custom navigation system, part personal tour guide for the Museum's world-famous halls. Providing turn-by-turn directions, AMNH Explorer takes visitors from the edge of the universe to the age of the dinosaurs. Choose from a variety of Museum-designed tours or create your own from a list of popular exhibits, specimens, or artifacts. AMNH Explorer also lets you share your adventures with friends and family by linking directly to your Facebook and Twitter profiles. Download AMNH Explorer now and start planning your next visit or use your iPhone or iPod Touch to discover the Museum's must-sees from anywhere in the world. It's the new way to find your way at the American Museum of Natural History. Produced/Edited by James Sims. For more information visit www.amnh.org
  • published: 27 Jul 2010
  • views: 26401
  • author: AMNHorg
http://web.archive.org./web/20121127210956/http://wn.com/AMNH Explorer App for iPhone & iPod touch
Science Bulletins: Shrinking Glaciers—A Chronology of Climate Change
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  • Duration: 8:13
  • Updated: 22 Nov 2012
Analysis of Earth's geologic record can reveal how the climate has changed over time. Scientists in New Zealand are examining samples from the rocky landscape once dominated by glaciers. They are employing a new technique called surface exposure dating, which uses chemical analysis to determine how long minerals within rocks have been exposed to the air since the glaciers around them melted. Comparisons of this data with other climate records have revealed a link between glacial retreat and rising levels of carbon dioxide in the air, findings that are informing scientists' understanding of global climate change today. Science Bulletins is a production of the National Center for Science Literacy, Education, and Technology (NCSLET), part of the Department of Education at the American Museum of Natural History. Find out more about Science Bulletins at www.amnh.org Related Links Glacier advance in southern middle-latitudes during the Antarctic Cold Reversal www.nature.com Glacier retreat in New Zealand during the Younger Dryas stadial www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov The Last Glacial Termination www.sciencemag.org GNS Science www.gns.cri.nz University of Maine: Department of Earth Sciences umaine.edu Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory www.ldeo.columbia.edu Columbia University: Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences eesc.columbia.edu
  • published: 20 Jul 2012
  • views: 5993
  • author: AMNHorg
http://web.archive.org./web/20121127210956/http://wn.com/Science Bulletins: Shrinking Glaciers—A Chronology of Climate Change
Inside the Collections: Ornithology
  • Order:
  • Duration: 2:22
  • Updated: 05 Nov 2012
The American Museum of Natural History houses the largest collection of bird specimens in the world. As Collections Manager Paul Sweet describes in this video, these specimens serve a key role in scientific research and conservation. For more information, visit amnh.org Credits: Shot by James Sims Edited by Jill Bauerle
  • published: 10 Nov 2011
  • views: 2518
  • author: AMNHorg
http://web.archive.org./web/20121127210956/http://wn.com/Inside the Collections: Ornithology
American Museum of Natural History Tour
  • Order:
  • Duration: 4:05
  • Updated: 16 Oct 2012
a brief tour of the American Museum of Natural History in New York City
  • published: 08 Oct 2009
  • views: 1135
  • author: dekdk11
http://web.archive.org./web/20121127210956/http://wn.com/American Museum of Natural History Tour
American Museum of Natural History Kwanzaa Celebration
  • Order:
  • Duration: 3:42
  • Updated: 10 Nov 2012
The American Museum of Natural History, in NYC, celebrates Kwanzaa each year by working with local Musical, Theatre and Dance Groups to bring the culture and music of Kwanzaa to the Museum. This video explains a little bit about the Celebration, why the Museum participates, and illustrates some of the event.
http://web.archive.org./web/20121127210956/http://wn.com/American Museum of Natural History Kwanzaa Celebration
American Museum Of Natural History
  • Order:
  • Duration: 5:45
  • Updated: 16 Aug 2012
American Museum Of Natural History
  • published: 04 May 2008
  • views: 13396
  • author: lucamkelly
http://web.archive.org./web/20121127210956/http://wn.com/American Museum Of Natural History
  • The Known Universe by AMNH...6:31
  • The American Museum of Natural History...7:01
  • American Museum of Natural History...1:05
  • American Museum of Natural History | New York |...10:39
  • The American Museum of Natural History in New York City...1:05
  • Science Bulletins: Whales Give Dolphins a Lift...1:52
  • American Museum of Natural History - New York City, New York, United States...2:23
  • American Museum of Natural History, New York...3:36
  • AMNH Explorer App for iPhone & iPod touch...1:44
  • Science Bulletins: Shrinking Glaciers—A Chronology of Climate Change...8:13
  • Inside the Collections: Ornithology...2:22
  • American Museum of Natural History Tour...4:05
  • American Museum of Natural History Kwanzaa Celebration...3:42
  • American Museum Of Natural History...5:45
The Known Universe takes viewers from the Himalayas through our atmosphere and the inky black of space to the afterglow of the Big Bang. Every star, planet, and quasar seen in the film is possible because of the world's most complete four-dimensional map of the universe, the Digital Universe Atlas that is maintained and updated by astrophysicists at the American Museum of Natural History. The new film, created by the Museum, is part of an exhibition, Visions of the Cosmos: From the Milky Ocean to an Evolving Universe, at the Rubin Museum of Art in Manhattan through May 2010. Data: Digital Universe, American Museum of Natural History www.haydenplanetarium.org Visualization Software: Uniview by SCISS Director: Carter Emmart Curator: Ben R. Oppenheimer Producer: Michael Hoffman Executive Producer: Ro Kinzler Co-Executive Producer: Martin Brauen Manager, Digital Universe Atlas: Brian Abbott Music: Suke Cerulo For more information visit www.amnh.org
  • published: 15 Dec 2009
  • views: 10851219
  • author: AMNHorg

6:31
The Known Uni­verse by AMNH
The Known Uni­verse takes view­ers from the Hi­malayas through our at­mo­sphere and the inky bl...
pub­lished: 15 Dec 2009
au­thor: AMN­Horg
7:01
The Amer­i­can Mu­se­um of Nat­u­ral His­to­ry
A quick view at the Amer­i­can Mu­se­um of Nat­u­ral His­to­ry in New York. The AMNH is a sci­en­tif...
pub­lished: 27 Dec 2008
au­thor: videospo­ralex
1:05
Amer­i­can Mu­se­um of Nat­u­ral His­to­ry
The Amer­i­can Mu­se­um of Nat­u­ral His­to­ry is voted #1 at­trac­tion in New York City by Zagat Su...
pub­lished: 22 Apr 2009
10:39
Amer­i­can Mu­se­um of Nat­u­ral His­to­ry | New York |
Amer­i­can Mu­se­um of Nat­u­ral His­to­ry...
pub­lished: 10 Jul 2010
au­thor: Moshe Sadeh
1:05
The Amer­i­can Mu­se­um of Nat­u­ral His­to­ry in New York City
Lo­cat­ed on Cen­tral Park West and 79th Street, The Amer­i­can Mu­se­um of Nat­u­ral His­to­ry is a ...
pub­lished: 21 Apr 2009
1:52
Sci­ence Bul­letins: Whales Give Dol­phins a Lift
Many species in­ter­act in the wild, most often as preda­tor and prey. But re­cent en­coun­ters ...
pub­lished: 10 Jan 2012
au­thor: AMN­Horg
2:23
Amer­i­can Mu­se­um of Nat­u­ral His­to­ry - New York City, New York, Unit­ed States
tripwow.​tripadvisor.​com - Cre­at­ed at Trip­Wow by Trav­el­Pod At­trac­tions (a Tri­pAd­vi­sor™ comp...
pub­lished: 11 Dec 2010
3:36
Amer­i­can Mu­se­um of Nat­u­ral His­to­ry, New York
The Amer­i­can Mu­se­um of Nat­u­ral His­to­ry (ab­bre­vi­at­ed as AMNH), lo­cat­ed on the Upper West Si...
pub­lished: 16 Oct 2011
au­thor: trav­elshorts
1:44
AMNH Ex­plor­er App for iPhone & iPod touch
Chart your own course at the Amer­i­can Mu­se­um of Nat­u­ral His­to­ry in New York City with AMNH...
pub­lished: 27 Jul 2010
au­thor: AMN­Horg
8:13
Sci­ence Bul­letins: Shrink­ing Glaciers—A Chronol­o­gy of Cli­mate Change
Anal­y­sis of Earth's ge­o­log­ic record can re­veal how the cli­mate has changed over time. Scie...
pub­lished: 20 Jul 2012
au­thor: AMN­Horg
2:22
In­side the Col­lec­tions: Or­nithol­o­gy
The Amer­i­can Mu­se­um of Nat­u­ral His­to­ry hous­es the largest col­lec­tion of bird spec­i­mens in ...
pub­lished: 10 Nov 2011
au­thor: AMN­Horg
4:05
Amer­i­can Mu­se­um of Nat­u­ral His­to­ry Tour
a brief tour of the Amer­i­can Mu­se­um of Nat­u­ral His­to­ry in New York City...
pub­lished: 08 Oct 2009
au­thor: dekd­k11
3:42
Amer­i­can Mu­se­um of Nat­u­ral His­to­ry Kwan­zaa Cel­e­bra­tion
The Amer­i­can Mu­se­um of Nat­u­ral His­to­ry, in NYC, cel­e­brates Kwan­zaa each year by work­ing wi...
pub­lished: 23 Jan 2011
5:45
Amer­i­can Mu­se­um Of Nat­u­ral His­to­ry
Amer­i­can Mu­se­um Of Nat­u­ral His­to­ry...
pub­lished: 04 May 2008
au­thor: lu­camkel­ly
Youtube results:
4:01
Dio­ra­mas from the Mu­se­um of Nat­u­ral His­to­ry, New York
"The habi­tat dio­ra­mas are among the great­est trea­sures of the Amer­i­can Mu­se­um of Nat­u­ral H...
pub­lished: 11 Sep 2006
4:28
Halsey Trip to Amer­i­can Mu­se­um of Nat­u­ral His­to­ry - Fall 2010
Halsey JH­S157 AMNH Trip to Amer­i­can Mu­se­um of Nat­u­ral His­to­ry New York City Fall 2010...
pub­lished: 21 Oct 2010
au­thor: paulchiu
3:00
Amer­i­can Mu­se­um of Nat­u­ral His­to­ry: Cre­ation Myth
The AMNH pro­duces some im­por­tant ex­hibits like the one that pre­sents the work and life of ...
pub­lished: 07 May 2006
au­thor: apc262
1:31
Part 2 Amer­i­can Mu­se­um of Nat­u­ral His­to­ry in New York City Ital­ian­s79 HD
Part 2 Amer­i­can Mu­se­um of Nat­u­ral His­to­ry in New York City Ital­ian­s79 Night at the Mu­se­um ...
pub­lished: 15 Feb 2010
au­thor: ital­ian­s79
photo: AP / Henry Griffin
File - John Kerry, 27, testifies about the war in Vietnam before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee in Washington, April 22, 1971. Sen. Kerry, D-Mass., 63, became a prominent critic of the war after he came home as a decorated veteran.
WorldNews.com
26 Nov 2012
Its parasitic nature has even driven the U.S. ... Dallas Darling (darling@wn.com) (Dallas Darling is the author of Politics 501: An A-Z Reading on Conscientious Political Thought and Action, Some Nations Above God: 52 Weekly Reflections On Modern-Day Imperialism, Militarism, And Consumerism in the Context of John's Apocalyptic Vision, and The Other Side Of Christianity: Reflections on Faith, Politics, Spirituality, History, and Peace....(size: 6.4Kb)
photo: AP / Jerome Delay
Congolese government soldiers (FARDC) patrol the streets of Minova under their control Sunday Nov. 25, 2012.
Al Jazeera
27 Nov 2012
M23 rebels controlling the eastern city of Goma in the DR Congo have said they are not about to withdraw as demanded by regional leaders. ... The Greek Resistance Tied together by a painful history, Greece and Germany are locked into a new conflict that has reawakened old ghosts....(size: 17.7Kb)
photo: AP
Thousands of Turks demonstrate to condemn terrorism and Kurdish rebels in Ankara, Turkey, Sunday, Sept. 2, 2012. Mostly nationalist Turks shouted: "We don't want The PKK (Kurdistan Workers Party) at the parliament."
The Independent
26 Nov 2012
This town of 19,000 nestled in an idyllic mountain pass of impossibly green pastures and golden autumn trees is on the front lines of Turkey's rapidly escalating guerrilla war. ... But in recent months, the group has reemerged as a stronger, better equipped and increasingly organized force that is now in the midst of one of its bloodiest campaigns since the worst days of the conflict in the 1990s....(size: 8.8Kb)
photo: AP / Jerome Delay
An internally displaced Congolese child heats water at the Mugunga camp outside the eastern Congolese town of Goma, Saturday Nov. 24, 2012.
Al Jazeera
25 Nov 2012
Joseph Kabila, president of the Democratic Republic of Congo, has held direct talks with the leader of the M23 rebels in Uganda, hours after a regional summit called on them to end their offensive in the east of the country. Jean-Marie Runiga Lugerero, the political leader of the eastern DR Congo rebel group, said on Sunday he had an initial meeting with Kabila after the summit in the Ugandan capital, Kampala, ended on Saturday....(size: 20.0Kb)
photo: AP / George Osodi
Nigerian police officers stand guard in an area were the military are battling with gunmen in Kano, northern Nigeria, Wednesday April 18, 2007.
STL Today
25 Nov 2012
Twin suicide car bombs exploded Sunday at a church inside one of Nigeria's top military bases, killing at least 11 people and wounding another 30 in an embarrassing attack showing the continued insecurity that haunts Africa's most populous nation. ... This attack in Jaji on Sunday, however, happened inside a barracks home to the Armed Forces Command and Staff College, one of the country's most important military colleges....(size: 4.1Kb)


The Verge
27 Nov 2012
Source Brain Pickings Related Items science history art nature neil degrasse tyson american museum of natural history natural histories museum of natural history tom baione . ......(size: 1.0Kb)
Popsugar
27 Nov 2012
Kate Middleton wore a bright green Mulberry dress to attend a reception at London's Natural History Museum this evening....(size: 0.6Kb)
IMDb
27 Nov 2012
Kate Middleton wore a bright green Mulberry dress to attend a reception at London's Natural History Museum this evening....(size: 0.8Kb)
Huffington Post
27 Nov 2012
The Duchess of Cambridge kicked off her holiday party season with a jaunt to London's Natural History Museum, where she celebrated the opening of the new Treasures gallery. ... <br> <br><strong>LOOK 2</strong>: Posing for the official North American Tour portrait on June 3 in London with a sleek, natural-looking coif....(size: 12.2Kb)
The Examiner
27 Nov 2012
Public radio station KCRW (89.9FM and KCRW.com) will be presenting the First Fridays series at the Natural History Museum for the 4th year in a row in 2013. ... Advance tickets go on sale on November 30 (Natural History Museum members) and December 3 (Public) at 10am. ... WHERE: The Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County is located at 900 Exposition Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90007....(size: 4.1Kb)
PhysOrg
27 Nov 2012
We were really surprised by this finding," said Eleftheria Palkopoulou from the Swedish Museum of Natural History. "Our research shows that the modern-day genetic variation in lemmings is just a small fraction of the variation that existed in the past. The amount of diversity that was lost due to these past changes in climate is simply stunning," said Dr Love Dalén from the Swedish Museum of Natural History....(size: 2.7Kb)
Star Tribune
27 Nov 2012
&nbsp; Get the dirt on soil Learn about the fascinating world of living creatures beneath our feet at the Bell Museum of Natural History's new exhibit, "Dig It! The Secrets of Soil." Interactive displays, video models, photography and activities are geared for families, farmers, gardeners and scientists interested in soil, one of our planet's most important components....(size: 2.1Kb)
Nation
27 Nov 2012
“During that time, I personally built up my interest in environmental science and natural history mostly by myself, having acquired sufficient training and skills,” he explained. ... While on Aldabra, Terence encountered many individuals involved in environmental research and the study of natural science....(size: 5.3Kb)
Newstrack India
27 Nov 2012
The two crustacean taxonomists and authors of the paper who named the new crab after Tudge, Rafael Lemaitre of the Department of Invertebrate Zoology at the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History and Darryl L....(size: 3.4Kb)
PR Newswire
27 Nov 2012
Entries Deadline is January 18, 2013 The CLIO Awards to be held May 15 at 's American Museum of Natural History   The CLIO Awards, among the world's most recognized international advertising, design and communications competitions, today named nine global industry leaders to serve as jury chairs for the 2013 awards program....(size: 8.5Kb)
Universe Today
27 Nov 2012
Want to stay on top of all the space news? Follow @universetoday on Twitter The folks over at PHD Comics have put together a new video in their Two-Minute Thesis series, this one featuring Ph.D candidate Or Graur of the University of Tel Aviv and the American Museum of Natural History discussing the secret lives — and deaths — of ......(size: 3.0Kb)
MSNBC
27 Nov 2012
The remains will be archived at the FL Museum of Natural History....(size: 1.1Kb)
PhysOrg
27 Nov 2012
The new species described by Torres-Carvajal and his collaborators was named Imantodes chocoensis and increases the number of species in this group of snakes to seven. ... Credit: Omar Torres-Carvajal et al.Snakes collected as far back as 1994 and deposited in several Ecuadorian and American natural history museums were also examined....(size: 1.5Kb)
American Museum of Natural History
Established 1869
Location Central Park West at 79th Street, New York City, United States
Type Natural History
Visitor figures About 5 million visits annually[1][2]
Director Ellen V. Futter
Public transit access Bus: M7, M10, M11, M79
Subway: 81 St - Museum of Natural History NYCS BNYCS C
Website

amnh.org

American Museum of Natural History
NRHP Reference#: 76001235[3]
Added to NRHP: June 24, 1976

The American Museum of Natural History (abbreviated as AMNH), located on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City, United States, is one of the largest and most celebrated museums in the world. Located in park-like grounds across the street from Central Park, the Museum comprises 25 interconnected buildings that house 46 permanent exhibition halls, research laboratories, and its renowned library.

The collections contain over 32 million specimens, of which only a small fraction can be displayed at any given time. The Museum has a scientific staff of more than 200, and sponsors over 100 special field expeditions each year.[4]

Contents

History[link]

The Museum was founded in 1869. Prior to construction of the present complex, the Museum was housed in the Arsenal building in Central Park. Theodore Roosevelt, Sr., the father of the 26th U.S. President, was one of the founders along with John David Wolfe, William T. Blodgett, Robert L. Stuart, Andrew H. Green, Robert Colgate, Morris K. Jesup, Benjamin H. Field, D. Jackson Steward, Richard M. Blatchford, J. Pierpont Morgan, Adrian Iselin, Moses H. Grinnell, Benjamin B. Sherman, A. G. Phelps Dodge, William A. Haines, Charles A. Dana, Joseph H. Choate, Henry G. Stebbins, Henry Parish, and Howard Potter. The founding of the Museum realized the dream of naturalist Dr. Albert S. Bickmore. Bickmore, a one-time student of Harvard zoologist Louis Agassiz, lobbied tirelessly for years for the establishment of a natural history museum in New York. His proposal, backed by his powerful sponsors, won the support of the Governor of New York, John Thompson Hoffman, who signed a bill officially creating the American Museum of Natural History on April 6, 1869.[5]

In 1874, the cornerstone was laid for the Museum's first building, which is now hidden from view by the many buildings in the complex that today occupy most of Manhattan Square. The original Victorian Gothic building, which was opened in 1877, was designed by Calvert Vaux and J. Wrey Mould, both already closely identified with the architecture of Central Park.[6]:19-20 It was soon eclipsed by the south range of the Museum, designed by J. Cleaveland Cady, an exercise in rusticated brownstone neo-Romanesque, influenced by H. H. Richardson.[7] It extends 700 feet (210 m) along West 77th Street,[8] with corner towers 150 feet (46 m) tall. Its pink brownstone and granite, similar to that found at Grindstone Island in the St. Lawrence River, came from quarries at Picton Island, New York.[9] The entrance on Central Park West, the New York State Memorial to Theodore Roosevelt, completed by John Russell Pope in 1936, is an overscaled Beaux-Arts monument.[10] It leads to a vast Roman basilica, where visitors are greeted with a cast of a skeleton of a rearing Barosaurus defending her young from an Allosaurus. The Museum is also accessible through its 77th street foyer, renamed the "Grand Gallery" and featuring a fully suspended Haida canoe. The hall leads into the oldest extant exhibit in the Museum, the hall of Northwest Coast Indians.[11]

The old 77th Street Entrance of the Museum
Locations of exploring and field parties in 1913, American Museum of Natural History map

Since 1930 little has been added to the exterior of the original building.

The architect Kevin Roche and his firm Roche-Dinkeloo has been responsible for the master planning of the museum since the 1990s. Various renovations both interior and exterior have been carried out including improvements to Dinosaur Hall and mural restoration in Roosevelt Memorial Hall. In 1992 the firm designed the new eight story AMNH Library. Additional renovations are currently under way.

The Museum's south front, spanning 77th Street from Central Park West to Columbus Avenue was cleaned, repaired and re-emerged in 2009. Steven Reichl, a spokesman for the Museum, said that work would include restoring 650 black-cherry window frames and stone repairs. The Museum’s consultant on the latest renovation is Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc., an architectural and engineering firm with headquarters in Northbrook, IL.[7]

The museum's first two presidents were John David Wolfe (1870–1872) and Robert L. Stuart (1872–1881), both among the museum's founders. The museum was not put on a sound footing until the appointment of the third president, Morris K. Jesup (also one of the original founders), in 1881. Jesup was president for over 25 years, overseeing its expansion and much of its golden age of exploration and collection. The fourth president, Henry Fairfield Osborn, was appointed in 1906 on the death of Jesup. Osborn consolidated the museum's expansion, developing it into one of the world's foremost natural history museums. F. Trubee Davison was president from 1933 to 1951, with A. Perry Osborn as Acting President from 1941 to 1946. Alexander M. White was president from 1951 to 1968. Gardner D. Stout was president from 1968 to 1975. Robert G. Goelet from 1975 to 1988. George D. Langdon, Jr. from 1988 to 1993. Ellen V. Futter has been president of the museum since 1993.[12]

Famous names associated with the Museum include the paleontologist and geologist Henry Fairfield Osborn; the dinosaur-hunter of the Gobi Desert, Roy Chapman Andrews (one of the inspirations for Indiana Jones);[6]:97-8 George Gaylord Simpson; biologist Ernst Mayr; pioneer cultural anthropologists Franz Boas and Margaret Mead; explorer and geographer Alexander H. Rice, Jr.; and ornithologist Robert Cushman Murphy. J. P. Morgan was also among the famous benefactors of the Museum.

Exhibition halls[link]

A photograph of a primate skeleton.
Primate skeleton from the Hall of Primates.[13]

The Museum boasts habitat dioramas of African, Asian and North American mammals, a full-size model of a Blue Whale suspended in the Milstein Family Hall of Ocean Life, sponsored by the family of Paul Milstein (reopened in 2003), a 62 foot (19 m) Haida carved and painted war canoe from the Pacific Northwest, a massive 31 ton piece of the Cape York meteorite, and the Star of India, one of the largest star sapphires in the world.[14] The circuit of an entire floor is devoted to vertebrate evolution.

The Museum has extensive anthropological collections: Asian People, Pacific People, Man in Africa, American Indian collections, general Native American collections, and collections from Mexico and Central America.

Akeley Hall of African Mammals[link]

Gorilla diorama in Akeley Hall of African Mammals

Since its opening in 1936, the Akeley Hall has been considered by many to be one of the world’s greatest museum displays. The hall is named after Carl Akeley (1864–1926), the explorer, conservationist, taxidermist, sculptor and photographer who conceived of, designed and created the hall. Akeley led teams of scientists and artists on three expeditions to Africa during the first two decades of the 20th century, wherein he and his colleagues carefully studied, catalogued, and collected the plants and animals that even then were disappearing. He brought many specimens from the expeditions back to the Museum, and used them to create the hall, with its twenty-eight dioramas.

The dioramas do not simply evoke the sites that Akeley visited—they replicate specific animals in specific geographic locations at a specific time. In creating these works, Akeley forever changed the practice of taxidermy—the stuffing and mounting of the skins of animals. Until then animal skins had been stuffed with straw or wood shavings. Akeley, however, began by re-creating the animal’s shape with an armature made of wood, wire, and sometimes parts of the actual skeleton. He then used clay to add on each muscle, tendon, and vein. When this work was complete, he made a cast of it, and fit the animal’s skin over the cast. This meticulous attention to veracity—which was applied not merely to the taxidermic mounts but the plants, background paintings and even the light in the dioramas—resulted in fastidiously realistic, vivid reproductions of the world that Akeley wanted to preserve.[15]

During Akeley’s final expedition, he fell ill and died. He was buried in Albert National Park (now Virunga National Park), the first wildlife sanctuary in central Africa, which he had helped to establish. The mountain location of his grave is near the scene depicted in the gorilla diorama in this hall.

Arthur Ross Hall of Meteorites[link]

Willamette Meteorite

The Arthur Ross Hall of Meteorites contains some of the finest specimens in the world including Ahnighito, a section of the 200 ton Cape York meteorite which was found at the location of the same name in Greenland. The meteorite's great weight—at 34 tons, makes it the largest meteorite on display at any museum in the world[16]—requires support by columns that extend through the floor and into the bedrock below the Museum.[17]

The hall also contains extra-solar nanodiamonds (diamonds with dimensions on the nanometer level) more than 5 billion years old. These were extracted from a meteorite sample through chemical means, and they are so small that a quadrillion of these fit into a volume smaller than a cubic centimeter.[18]

Bernard and Anne Spitzer Hall of Human Origins[link]

Hall of African Peoples

The Bernard and Anne Spitzer Hall of Human Origins, formerly The Hall of Human Biology and Evolution, opened on February 10, 2007.[19] Originally known under the name "Hall of the Age of Man", at the time of its original opening in 1921 it was the only major exhibition in the United States to present an in-depth investigation of human evolution.[20] The displays traced the story of Homo sapiens, illuminated the path of human evolution and examined the origins of human creativity.

Many of the celebrated displays from the original hall can still be viewed in the present expanded format. These include life-size dioramas of our human predecessors Australopithecus afarensis, Homo ergaster, Neanderthal, and Cro-Magnon, showing each species demonstrating the behaviors and capabilities that scientists believe they were capable of. Also displayed are full-sized casts of important fossils, including the 3.2-million-year-old Lucy skeleton and the 1.7-million-year-old Turkana Boy, and Homo erectus specimens including a cast of Peking Man.

The hall also features replicas of ice age art found in the Dordogne region of southwestern France. The limestone carvings of horses were made nearly 26,000 years ago and are considered to represent the earliest artistic expression of humans.[21]

Harry Frank Guggenheim Hall of Gems and Minerals[link]

The Harry Frank Guggenheim Hall of Minerals houses hundreds of unusual geological specimens. It adjoins the Morgan Memorial Hall of Gems showcasing many rare, and valuable gemstones.

On display are many renowned samples that are chosen from among the Museum's more than 100,000 pieces. Included among these are the Patricia Emerald, a 632 carat (126 g), 12 sided stone that is considered to be one of the world's most fabulous emeralds. It was discovered during the 1920s in a mine high in the Colombian Andes and was named for the mine-owner's daughter. The Patricia is one of the few large gem-quality emeralds that remains uncut.[22] Also on display is the 563 carat (113 g) Star of India, the largest, and most famous, star sapphire in the world. It was discovered over 300 years ago in Sri Lanka, most likely in the sands of ancient river beds from where star sapphires continue to be found today. It was donated to the Museum by the financier J.P. Morgan. The thin, radiant, six pointed star, or asterism, is created by incoming light that reflects from needle-like crystals of the mineral rutile which are found within the sapphire. The Star of India is polished into the shape of a cabochon, or dome, to enhance the star's beauty.[23] Among other notable specimens on display are a 596 pound (270 kg) topaz, a 4.5 ton specimen of blue azurite/malachite ore that was found in the Copper Queen Mine in Bisbee, Arizona at the turn of the century;[24] and a rare, 100 carat (20 g) orange-colored padparadschan sapphire from Sri Lanka, considered "the mother of all pads."[25] The collection also includes the Midnight Star Ruby, a 116.75-carat deep purplish-red star ruby.

On October 29, 1964, the Star of India, along with several other precious gems including the Eagle Diamond and the de Long Ruby, was stolen from the Museum by several thieves.[26] The group of burglars, which included Jack Murphy, gained entrance by climbing through a bathroom window they had unlocked hours before the Museum was closed. The Star of India and other gems were later recovered from a locker in a Miami bus station, but the Eagle Diamond was never found; it may have been recut or lost.[27]

File:Assorted SEP-2-09 SEP-6-09 082.JPG
Assorted faceted and polished minerals

Milstein Hall of Ocean Life[link]

Model of a Blue Whale in the Milstein Family Hall of Ocean Life

The Milstein Hall of Ocean Life opened in 1933 and was renovated in 1969 and later 2003. In the first of these renovations the hall's star attraction appeared; the 94-foot (29 m)-long[28] blue whale model, which is suspended from the ceiling behind its dorsal fin. It was redesigned dramatically in the 2003 renovation: its flukes and fins were readjusted, a navel was added, and was repainted from a dull gray to various rich shades of blue. Other notable exhibits in this hall include the Andros Coral Reef Diorama, which is the only two-level diorama in the Western Hemisphere.[29]

Fossil Halls[link]

Hall of Saurischian Dinosaurs

Most of the Museum's collections of mammalian and dinosaur fossils remain hidden from public view. They are kept in numerous storage areas located deep within the Museum complex. Among these, the most significant storage facility is the ten story Childs Frick Building which stands within an inner courtyard of the Museum. During construction of the Frick, giant cranes were employed to lift steel beams directly from the street, over the roof, and into the courtyard, in order to ensure that the classic museum façade remained undisturbed. The predicted great weight of the fossil bones led designers to add special steel reinforcement to the building's framework, as it now houses the largest collection of fossil mammals and dinosaurs in the world. These collections occupy the basement and lower seven floors of the Frick Building, while the top three floors contain laboratories and offices. It is inside this particular building that many of the Museum's intensive research programs into vertebrate paleontology are carried out.

Other areas of the Museum contain repositories of life from thousands and millions of years in the past. The Whale Bone Storage Room is a cavernous space in which powerful winches come down from the ceiling to move the giant fossil bones about. Upstairs in the Museum attic there are yet more storage facilities including the Elephant Room, and downstairs from that space one can find the tusk vault and boar vault.[6]:119-20

Skeleton of Styracosaurus

The great fossil collections that are open to public view occupy the entire fourth floor of the Museum as well as a separate exhibit that is on permanent display in the Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Hall, the Museum's main entrance. The fourth floor exhibits allow the visitor to trace the evolution of vertebrates by following a circuitous path that leads through several Museum buildings. On the 77th street side of the Museum the visitor begins in the Orientation Center and follows a carefully marked path, which takes the visitor along an evolutionary tree of life. As the tree "branches" the visitor is presented with the familial relationships among vertebrates. This evolutionary pathway is known as a cladogram.

To create a cladogram, scientists look for shared physical characteristics to determine the relatedness of different species. For instance, a cladogram will show a relationship between amphibians, mammals, turtles, lizards, and birds since these apparently disparate groups share the trait of having 'four limbs with movable joints surrounded by muscle', making them tetrapods. A group of related species such as the tetrapods is called a "clade". Within the tetrapod group only lizards and birds display yet another trait: "two openings in the skull behind the eye". Lizards and birds therefore represent a smaller, more closely related clade known as diapsids. In a cladogram the evolutionary appearance of a new trait for the first time is known as a "node". Throughout the fossil halls the nodes are carefully marked along the evolutionary path and these nodes alert us to the appearance of new traits representing whole new branches of the evolutionary tree. Species showing these traits are on display in alcoves on either side of the path. A video projection on the Museum's fourth floor introduces visitors to the concept of the cladogram, and is popular among children and adults alike.

Many of the fossils on display represent unique and historic pieces that were collected during the Museum's golden era of worldwide expeditions (1880s to 1930s).[5] On a smaller scale, expeditions continue into the present and have resulted in additions to the collections from Vietnam, Madagascar, South America, and central and eastern Africa.

The fourth-floor halls include the Hall of Vertebrate Origins, Hall of Saurischian Dinosaurs (recognized by their grasping hand, long mobile neck, and the downward/forward position of the pubis bone, they are forerunners of the modern bird),[30] Hall of Ornithischian Dinosaurs (defined for a pubic bone that points toward the back), Hall of Primitive Mammals, and Hall of Advanced Mammals.

Anatotitan fossil skeletons

Among the many outstanding fossils on display include:

  • Tyrannosaurus rex: Composed almost entirely of real fossil bones, it is mounted in a horizontal stalking pose beautifully balanced on powerful legs. The specimen is actually composed of fossil bones from two T. rex skeletons discovered in Montana in 1902 and 1908 by the legendary dinosaur hunter Barnum Brown.[31]
  • Mammuthus: Larger than its relative the woolly mammoth, these fossils are from an animal that lived 11 thousand years ago in Indiana.[32]
  • Apatosaurus (Brontosaurus): This giant specimen was discovered at the end of the 19th century. Although most of its fossil bones are original, the skull is not, since none was found on site. It was only many years later that the first Apatosaurus skull was discovered and so a plaster cast of that skull was made and placed on the Museum's mount. A Camarasaurus skull had been used mistakenly until a correct skull was found.[33]
  • Brontops: Extinct mammal distantly related to the horse and rhinoceros. It lived 35 million years ago in what is now South Dakota. It is noted for its magnificent and unusual pair of horns.[34]
  • Two skeletons of Anatotitan, a large herbivorous ornithopod dinosaur.
  • On September 26, 2007, an 80-million-year-old, 2-feet-in-diameter fossil of ammonite made its debut at the Museum. Neil Landman, curator, said that it became extinct 65 million years ago, at the time of the dinosaurs. Korite International donated it after its discovery in Alberta, Canada.[35]

There are also a Triceratops and a Stegosaurus on display, among many other specimens.

The Art of the Diorama: Recreating Nature[link]

File:Natdiorama.JPG
Nature diorama

Renowned naturalists, artists, photographers, taxidermists and other Museum personnel have blended their talents to create the great habitat dioramas which can be found in halls throughout the Museum. Born in an era of black-and-white photography, when wildlife photography was in its earliest stages, the dioramas have themselves become major historic attractions. Notable among them is the Akeley Hall of African Mammals which opened in 1936.[36] The enormous hall showcases the vanishing wildlife of Africa, in spaces where the human presence is notably absent, and includes hyperrealistic depictions of elephants, hippopotamuses, lions, gorillas, zebras, and various species of antelope, including the rarely seen aquatic sitatunga.[37] Some of the displays are up to 18 feet (5 m) in height and 23 feet (7 m) in depth.

Carl Akeley was an outstanding taxidermist employed at the Field Museum in Chicago when the American Museum of Natural History sent him to Africa to collect elephant hides. Akeley fell in love with the rainforests of Africa and decried the encroachment of farming and civilization into formerly pristine natural habitats. Fearing the permanent loss of these natural areas, Akeley was motivated to educate the American public by creating the hall that bears his name. Akeley died in 1926 from infection while exploring the Kivu Volcanoes in his beloved Belgian Congo, an area near to that depicted by the hall's gorilla diorama.[6]:79

With the 1942 opening of the Hall of North American Mammals, diorama art reached a pinnacle. It took more than a decade to create the scenes depicted in the hall which includes a 432 square foot (40 m²) diorama of the American bison.

Today, although the art of diorama has ceased to be a major exhibition technique, dramatic examples of this art form are still occasionally employed. In 1997 Museum artists and scientists traveled to the Central African Republic to collect samples and photographs for the construction of a 3,000 square foot (300 m²) recreation of a tropical West African rainforest, the Dzanga-Sangha rain forest diorama in the Hall of Biodiversity.[38]

Other notable dioramas, some dating back to the 1930s have been restored in the Milstein Hall of Ocean Life. The hall is a 29,000 square foot (2,700 m²) bi-level room that includes a delicately mounted 94 foot (29 m) long model of a Blue Whale swimming beneath and around video projection screens and interactive computer stations. Among the hall's notable dioramas is the "sperm whale and giant squid", which represents a true melding of art and science since an actual encounter between these two giant creatures at over one half mile depth has never been witnessed. Another celebrated diorama in the hall represents the "Andros coral reef" in the Bahamas, a two-story-high diorama that features the land form of the Bahamas and the many inhabitants of the coral reef found beneath the water's surface.

Rose Center and Planetarium[link]

Rose Center for Earth and Space

The Hayden Planetarium, connected to the Museum, is now part of the Rose Center for Earth and Space, housed in a glass cube containing the spherical Space Theater, designed by James Stewart Polshek.[39] The Heilbrun Cosmic Pathway is one of the most popular exhibits in the Rose Center, which opened February 19, 2000.[19]

The original Hayden Planetarium was founded in 1933 with a donation by philanthropist Charles Hayden. Opened in 1935,[40] it was demolished and replaced in 2000 by the $210 million Frederick Phineas and Sandra Priest Rose Center for Earth and Space. Designed by James Stewart Polshek, the new building consists of a six-story high glass cube enclosing a 87-foot (27 m) illuminated sphere that appears to float — although it is actually supported by truss work. James Polshek has referred to his work as a "cosmic cathedral".[41] The Rose center and its adjacent plaza, both located on the north facade of the Museum, are regarded as some of Manhattan's most outstanding recent architectural additions. The facility encloses 333,500 square feet (30,980 m2) of research, education, and exhibition space as well as the Hayden planetarium. Also located in the facility is the Department of Astrophysics, the newest academic research department in the Museum. Further, Polshek designed the 1,800-square-foot (170 m2) Weston Pavilion, a 43-foot (13 m) high transparent structure of "water white" glass along the Museum's west facade. This structure, a small companion piece to the Rose Center, offers a new entry way to the Museum as well as opening further exhibition space for astronomically related objects. The planetarium's former magazine, The Sky, merged with "The Telescope", to become the leading astronomy magazine Sky & Telescope.[42]

Tom Hanks provided the voice-over for the first planetarium show during the opening of the new Rose Center for Earth & Space in the Hayden Planetarium in 2000. Since then such celebrities as Whoopi Goldberg, Robert Redford, Harrison Ford and Maya Angelou have been featured.

Library[link]

From its founding, the Library of the American Museum of Natural History has grown into one of the world's great natural history collections. In its early years, the Library expanded its collection mostly through such gifts as the John C. Jay conchological library, the Carson Brevoort library on fishes and general zoology, the ornithological library of Daniel Giraud Elliot, the Harry Edwards entomological library, the Hugh Jewett collection of voyages and travel and the Jules Marcou geology collection. In 1903 the American Ethnological Society deposited its library in the Museum and in 1905 the New York Academy of Sciences followed suit by transferring its collection of 10,000 volumes. Today, the Library's collections contain over 550,000 volumes of monographs, serials, pamphlets, reprints, microforms, and original illustrations, as well as film, photographic, archives and manuscripts, fine art, memorabilia and rare book collections. The new Library was designed by the firm Roche-Dinkeloo in 1992. It comprised a "55,000-square-foot space is sealed into five different "conservation zones," ranging from the 50-person reading room and public offices, to areas more tightly controlled for humidity and temperature.".[43]The Library collects materials covering such subjects as mammalogy, earth and planetary science, astronomy and astrophysics, anthropology, entomology, herpetology, ichthyology, paleontology, ethology, ornithology, mineralogy, invertebrates, systematics, ecology, oceanography, conchology, exploration and travel, history of science, museology, bibliography, genomics, and peripheral biological sciences. The collection is rich in retrospective materials — some going back to the 15th century — that are difficult to find elsewhere.[44]

Research activities[link]

The Museum has a scientific staff of more than 200, and sponsors over 100 special field expeditions each year. Many of the fossils on display represent unique and historic pieces that were collected during the Museum's golden era of worldwide expeditions (1880s to 1930s). Examples of some of these expeditions, financed in whole or part by the AMNH are: Jesup North Pacific Expedition, the Whitney South Seas Expedition, the Roosevelt-Rondon Scientific Expedition, the Crocker Land Expedition, and the expeditions to Madagascar and New Guinea by Richard Archbold. On a smaller scale, expeditions continue into the present. The Museum also publishes several peer-reviewed journals, including the Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History.[45]

Educational outreach[link]

AMNH's education programs include outreach to schools in New York city by the Moveable Museum.[46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58]

Surroundings[link]

The Museum is located at 79th Street and Central Park West, accessible via the B C trains of the New York City Subway. There is a low-level floor direct access to the Museum via the 81st Street - Museum of Natural History subway station on the IND Eighth Avenue Line at the south end of the upper platform (where the uptown trains arrive).

The Museum also houses the stainless steel time capsule designed after a competition won by Santiago Calatrava, which was sealed at the end of 2000 to mark the millennium. It takes the form of a folded saddle-shaped volume, symmetrical on multiple axes, that explores formal properties of folded spherical frames, which Calatrava described as a flower.[59] It stands on a pedestal outside the Museum's Columbus Avenue entrance. The capsule is to remain sealed until the year 3000.

In popular culture[link]

The Theodore Roosevelt Rotunda, the main ticketing lobby
  • In the fourth volume of Mirage's Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, Michelangelo acts as a tour guide for visiting aliens. His first assignment is the Saurian Regenta Seri and her Styracodon bodyguards who wish to see the Museum, specifically the dinosaur exhibit.
  • A scene from the biographic film Malcolm X was filmed in the Hall of African Mammals.
  • The museum in the film Night at the Museum (2006) is based on a 1993 book that was set at the AMNH (The Night at the Museum). The interior scenes were shot at a sound stage in Vancouver, British Columbia, but exterior shots of the museum's façade were done at the actual AMNH. AMNH officials have credited the movie with increasing the number of visitors during the holiday season in 2006 by almost 20%. According to Museum president Ellen Futter, there were 50,000 more visits over the previous year during the 2006 holiday season.[60] Its 2009 sequel was partially set in this museum.
  • The AMNH is featured in the video game Grand Theft Auto IV where it is known as the Liberty State Natural History Museum.
  • The novel The Bone Vault, by Linda Fairstein (2003), features the museum.
  • The novel Murder at the Museum of Natural History, by Michael Jahn (1994), features the museum.
  • The novel Funny Bananas: The Mystery in the Museum, by Georgess McHargue (1975), features the museum.
  • The museum is featured in the How I Met Your Mother episode Natural History, although it is renamed the Natural History Museum.
  • An episode of Mad About You, titled "Natural History", is set in the museum.
  • In many episodes of the Time Warp Trio on Discovery Kids, Joe, Sam, and Fred are in the Museum; in one episode they see it 90 years into the future.

Neighboring area[link]

The museum is situated in a 17-acre (69,000 m2) park known as "Theodore Roosevelt Park". The park contains pleasant park benches, beautiful gardens and fields, and a dog run. This small park has made the area around the museum very desirable and some of the most expensive real estate in the Upper West Side (even more so after the completion of the renovation of the southern-facing museum facade) lies in this area. In 2007 it was not uncommon to see museum facing apartments sell for as much as $2000 per square foot. Additionally, the museum is surrounded by many gourmet restaurants that have outdoor cafes where patrons can sit outside and enjoy the view.

Images[link]


See also[link]

References[link]

  1. ^ Matthews, Lyndsey (November 2011). "World's Most-Visited Museums". Travel + Leisure. http://www.travelandleisure.com/articles/worlds-most-visited-museums/1. Retrieved 2012-01-02. 
  2. ^ "No. 7: American Museum of Natural History, New York City". Travel + Leisure. November 2011. http://www.travelandleisure.com/articles/worlds-most-visited-museums/8. Retrieved 2012-01-02. 
  3. ^ "NPS Focus". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov. Retrieved November 18, 2011. 
  4. ^ "American Museum of Natural History - Overview and Programs". http://amnh.org/about/programs.php. Retrieved 2009-02-18. [dead link]
  5. ^ a b "Timeline: The History of the American Museum of Natural History". http://amnh.org/museum/history/. Retrieved 2009-02-18. 
  6. ^ a b c d Preston, Douglas (1986). Dinosaurs in the Attic: An Excursion into the American Museum of Natural History. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-10456-1. 
  7. ^ a b Gray, Christopher (2007-07-29). "The Face Will Still Be Forbidding, But Much Tighter and Cleaner". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/29/realestate/29scap.html?scp=1&sq=romanesque%20cady%20museum%20natural%20history&st=cse. Retrieved 2009-03-03. 
  8. ^ Collins, Glenn (2006-04-02). "Shoring Up a Castle Wall". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/02/nyregion/02wall.html?scp=1&sq=picton%20island%20museum%20natural%20history&st=cse. Retrieved 2009-03-03. 
  9. ^ Newland, D. H. (January 1916). "The Quarry Materials of New York—Granite, Gneiss, Trap and Marble". New York State Museum Bulletin (181): 75. 
  10. ^ Goldberger, Paul (1995-01-27). "Natural History Museum Plans Big Overhaul". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=990CE6DD173EF934A15752C0A963958260&sec=&spon=&&scp=5&sq=beaux%20arts%20museum%20natural%20history&st=cse. Retrieved 2009-03-03. 
  11. ^ "Permanent Exhibitions". http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/permanent/culture/northwest.html. Retrieved 2009-03-04. 
  12. ^ "Timeline: The History of the American Museum of Natural History". http://www.amnh.org/museum/history.html. Retrieved 2009-11-07. [dead link]
  13. ^ "Hall of Primates". http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/permanent/other/primates.html. Retrieved 2011-02-23. 
  14. ^ "Star of India". http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/expeditions/treasure_fossil/Treasures/Star_of_India/star.html?50. Retrieved 2009-03-03. 
  15. ^ "Akeley Hall of African Mammals". http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/expeditions/treasure_fossil/Treasures/Akeley_Hall_of_African_Mammals/akeley.html?50. Retrieved 2011-04-24. 
  16. ^ "The AMNH Meteorites Collection". http://research.amnh.org/eps/collections/meteorites. Retrieved 2009-03-04. 
  17. ^ Wilford, John Noble (2003-09-19). "New Hall for Meteorites Old Beyond Imagining". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2003/09/19/arts/design/19METE.html?ex=1236315600&en=fdaf1da4b6aed7bf&ei=5070. Retrieved 2009-03-04. [dead link]
  18. ^ "Arthur Ross Hall of Meteorites". http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/permanent/meteorites/origins/matrix.php. Retrieved 2009-03-04. 
  19. ^ a b "Timeline: The History of the American Museum of Natural History". http://www.amnh.org/museum/history/index4.html. Retrieved 2009-03-03. 
  20. ^ Osborn, Henry Fairfield (1921-04-21). "The Hall of the Age of Man in the American Museum". Nature 107 (2686): 236–240. DOI:10.1038/107236a0. 
  21. ^ Wilford, John Noble (2007-02-09). "Meet the Relatives. They're Full of Surprises". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/09/arts/design/09orig.html?_r=1&scp=1&sq=relatives%20full%20surprises&st=cse. Retrieved 2009-03-04. 
  22. ^ "The Patricia Emerald". http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/expeditions/treasure_fossil/Treasures/Patricia_Emerald/patricia.html?50. Retrieved 2009-03-04. 
  23. ^ "Star of India". http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/expeditions/treasure_fossil/Treasures/Star_of_India/star.html?50. Retrieved 2009-03-04. 
  24. ^ "Hall of Minerals and Gems". http://research.amnh.org/eps/exhibits/hallofmineralsandgems. Retrieved 2009-03-04. 
  25. ^ Hughes, Richard W. "Padparadscha and Pink Sapphire Defined". http://www.palagems.com/ruby_sapphire_borders.htm. Retrieved 2009-03-04. 
  26. ^ Montgomery, Paul (1964-11-01). "3 Seized in Theft of Museum Gems". The New York Times. http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10915F63D5A11708DDDA80894D9415B848AF1D3. 
  27. ^ "The AMNH Gem and Mineral Collection". http://research.amnh.org/eps/collections/mineralsandgems. Retrieved 2009-01-14. 
  28. ^ http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/permanent/ocean/ Retrieved 2 October 2010
  29. ^ http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/permanent/ocean/01_dioramas/ Retrieved 2 October 2010
  30. ^ Considine, J. D. (2005-04-12). "Dinosaurs that flocked together". Toronto: The Globe and Mail. http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/Page/document/v5/content/subscribe?user_URL=http://www.theglobeandmail.com%2Fservlet%2Fstory%2FLAC.20050412.DINOS12%2FTPStory%2F%3Fquery%3DDinosaurs%2Bthat%2Bflocked%2Btogether&ord=52103263&brand=theglobeandmail&force_login=true. Retrieved 2009-04-07. 
  31. ^ "Fossil Halls". http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/permanent/fossilhalls/vertebrate/specimens/trex.php. Retrieved 2009-03-18. 
  32. ^ "Fossil Halls". http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/permanent/fossilhalls/vertebrate/specimens/mammuthus.php. Retrieved 2009-03-18. 
  33. ^ "Fossil Halls". http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/permanent/fossilhalls/vertebrate/specimens/apatosaurus.php. Retrieved 2009-03-18. 
  34. ^ "Fossil Halls". http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/permanent/fossilhalls/vertebrate/specimens/brontops.php. Retrieved 2009-03-18. 
  35. ^ Dahl, Julia (2007-09-27). "Ancient 'Snail' Is A Real Gem". The New York Post. http://www.nypost.com/seven/09272007/news/regionalnews/ancient_snail_is_a_real_gem.htm. Retrieved 2009-03-18. 
  36. ^ "Timeline: The History of the American Museum of Natural History". http://www.amnh.org/museum/history/index2.html. Retrieved 2009-04-16. 
  37. ^ "Upper Nile Region Diorama". http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/dioramas/uppernile/. Retrieved 2009-04-16. 
  38. ^ "Hall of Biodiversity". http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/permanent/biodiversity/rainforest/. Retrieved 2009-03-18. 
  39. ^ Goldberger, Paul (2000-01-17). "Stairway to the Stars". The New Yorker. http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2000/01/17/2000_01_17_072_TNY_LIBRY_000020017. Retrieved 2009-03-03. 
  40. ^ Gray, Christopher (1996-08-16). "A Remnant of the 1930's, and Its Sky, Will Fall". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE3D71431F93BA2575BC0A960958260. Retrieved 2009-03-18. 
  41. ^ Glancey, Jonathan (2000-05-08). "A cosmic cathedral on 81st Street". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/culture/2000/may/08/artsfeatures1. Retrieved 2009-03-18. 
  42. ^ http://www.amnh.org/science/facilities/hayden.php
  43. ^ Collins, Glenn (1992-11-07). "Handling the (Fragile) Story of Man With Care; Museum of Natural History Library Moves Its Million-Item Collection to a New Home". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1992/11/07/nyregion/handling-fragile-story-man-with-care-museum-natural-history-library-moves-its.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm. 
  44. ^ "AMNH Library - About the Library". http://library.amnh.org/about.html. Retrieved 2009-03-03. 
  45. ^ AMNH Scientific Publications, American Museum of Natural History, accessed 01/11/2009
  46. ^ "JIMMY VAN BRAMER BRINGS MOVEABLE MUSEUM TO QUEENSBRIDGE FOR FAMILY DAY". Woodside Herald. 25-Jun-10. http://woodsideherald.com/uploads/Woodside_6_25_10.pdf. Retrieved 2010-12-03. 
  47. ^ "The Moveable Museum". Edwize.org. November 3, 2010. http://www.edwize.org/the-moveable-museum. Retrieved 2010-12-03. 
  48. ^ "American Museum of Natural History 2009 Annual Report". The American Museum of Natural History. http://www.amnh.org/about/AMNH_AR_2009.pdf. Retrieved 2010-12-03. 
  49. ^ "Fossilized Bones, Dinosaur Poo Are Hit in Park Slope". The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. December 4, 2009. http://www.brooklyneagle.com/categories/category.php?category_id=9&id=32312. Retrieved 2010-12-03. 
  50. ^ "American Museum of Natural History Moveable Museum Program "Discovering the Universe" visits P.S. 225". NYC Department of Education. http://schools.nyc.gov/SchoolPortals/21/K225/newsandinfo/News/amnhvisit.htm. Retrieved 2010-12-03. 
  51. ^ "Moveable Museums Make Trip to D.C. (video)". AMNH Youtube Channel. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x0NZzEQ3xno. Retrieved 2010-12-03. 
  52. ^ "Moveable Museum". National Lab Day. http://www.nationallabday.org/resources/all?filter%5Bprovided_by%5D=American+Museum+of+Natural+History. Retrieved 2010-12-03. 
  53. ^ "Moveable Museum". Stuyvesant Town Events. http://www.stuytown.com/#/events. Retrieved 2010-12-03. 
  54. ^ "At Staten Island School, a Moving Way to Learn". SILive.com. 3-Oct-10. http://www.silive.com/northshore/index.ssf/2008/10/at_staten_island_school_a_movi.html. Retrieved 2010-12-03. 
  55. ^ "Dinosaurs, Moveable Museums, and Science!". United States Department of Education. 8-Nov-10. http://www.ed.gov/oese-news/dinosaurs-moveable-museums-and-science. Retrieved 2010-12-03. 
  56. ^ "AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BRINGS DINOSAURS "EXHIBIT-ON-WHEELS" TO LOCAL PRESCHOOLERS". Educational Alliance. http://www.edalliance.org/index.php?src=news&submenu=ArtGalleriesUpcoming&srctype=detail&category=Early%20Childhood&refno=72. Retrieved 2010-12-03. 
  57. ^ "AMNH Moveable at Family Fun Day". Family Health Resource Center & Patient Library. http://www.nyupatientlibrary.org/hassenfeld/news/6-30-08/amnh-moveable-museum-family-fun-day. Retrieved 2010-12-03. 
  58. ^ "M.O.N.H (sic) Moveable Museum". ColoriumLaboratorium. http://coloriumlaboratorium.com/m-o-n-h-moveable-museum. Retrieved 2010-12-03. 
  59. ^ "Design Is Selected for Times Capsule". The New York Times. 1999-12-02. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A00EFDF1F3FF931A35751C1A96F958260. Retrieved 2009-03-19. 
  60. ^ Dominguez, Robert; Cullen, Christopher (2007-01-04). "'NIGHT' MAKES HISTORY HOT". Daily News (New York). 
  61. ^ Salinger, J. D. (1951). The Catcher in the Rye. New York: Back Bay Books. pp. 157–8. ISBN 0-316-76917-7. 

External links[link]

Coordinates: 40°46′50″N 73°58′29″W / 40.78056°N 73.97472°W / 40.78056; -73.97472

http://wn.com/American_Museum_of_Natural_History

Related pages:

http://it.wn.com/American Museum of Natural History

http://cs.wn.com/Americké přírodovědné muzeum

http://id.wn.com/Museum Sejarah Alam Amerika

http://es.wn.com/Museo Americano de Historia Natural

http://ru.wn.com/Американский музей естественной истории

http://nl.wn.com/American Museum of Natural History

http://pt.wn.com/Museu Americano de História Natural

http://pl.wn.com/Amerykańskie Muzeum Historii Naturalnej

http://fr.wn.com/Musée américain d'histoire naturelle

http://de.wn.com/American Museum of Natural History




This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Museum_of_Natural_History

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.


Contents

A museum of natural history is a museum with exhibits about natural history, including such topics as animals, plants, ecosystems, geology, paleontology, and climatology. Some museums feature natural-history collections in addition to other collections, such as ones related to history, art and science. Nature centers often include natural-history exhibits too.

Africa[link]

Botswana[link]

Canary Islands[link]

  • Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Tenerife (Museum of Nature and Man), Tenerife

Egypt[link]

Ethiopia[link]

Kenya[link]

Libya[link]

Namibia[link]

  • National Earth Science Museum in the Geological Survey, Windhoek

South Africa[link]

Tanzania[link]

Zimbabwe[link]

Asia[link]

China[link]

India[link]


Israel[link]

Japan[link]

Jordan[link]

Malaysia[link]

Pakistan[link]

Philippines[link]

Qatar[link]

Russia[link]

Singapore[link]

South Korea[link]

Taiwan[link]

Thailand[link]

n/a

Central America[link]

Costa Rica[link]

  • El Museo de Ciencias Naturales La Salle(The La Salle Natural Sciences Museum)
  • El Museo de Insectos de la Universidad de Costa Rica (MIUCR) (The Museum of Insects at the University of Costa Rica)
  • Museo de Zoologia - Escuela de Biologia, University of Costa Rica
  • Museo Nacional de Costa Rica(National Museum of Costa Rica), San José

Dominican Republic[link]

Grenada[link]

  • Museo de Ciencias

Guatemala[link]

  • Museo Nacional de Historia Natural "Jorge A. Ibarra"
  • Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala

Honduras[link]

Mexico[link]

Nicaragua[link]

  • Museo Ciencias Naturales de la Universidad Centroamericana, Managua
  • Museo de Ometepe, Rivas
  • Museo del Departamento de Malacología UCA, Managua
  • Museo entomológico, León, English description
  • Museo Gemológico de la Concha y el Caracol, Managua
  • Museo Paleontológico “El Hato”, Managua
  • Museos de Geología UNAN, Managua
  • Museum Ecológico de Trópico Seco, Diriamba
  • National Museum, Managua
  • Sitio Paleontológico El Bosque, Estelí

Panama[link]

Europe[link]

Albania[link]

  • Natural Science Museum, Tirana

Armenia[link]

Austria[link]

Azerbaijan[link]

  • Museum of Natural History named after Hasan Bey Zardabi, Baku
  • Azerbaijan Geology Museum, Baku
  • "Rinay" Malacofauna Museum, Baku

Belarus[link]

Belgium[link]

Bulgaria[link]

Croatia[link]

  • Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb
  • Hrvatski prirodoslovni muzej
  • Hunting Museum, Zagreb
  • Karlovac Municipal Museum, Karlovac
  • Museum of Evolution and Prehistoric Human Habitation, Krapina
  • Museum of Slavonia, Osijek
  • Natural History Museum, Rijeka
  • Natural History Museum and Zoo, Split
  • Ornithological Collection, Metković
  • Senj City Museum, Senj
  • Varazdin Municipal Museum: The Herzer Palace, Varaždin
  • Zoological Museum of Baranja - Kopačevo, Baranja - Kopačevo

Czech Republic[link]

Denmark[link]

Estonia[link]

  • Estonian Museum of Natural History, Tallinn
  • Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, Tartu

Finland[link]

France[link]

Georgia[link]

Germany[link]

Greece[link]

Greenland[link]

  • Greenland National Museum and Archives, Nuuk

Hungary[link]

Ireland[link]

Italy[link]

Latvia[link]

  • Natural History Museum of Latvia[3]

Lithuania[link]

Luxembourg[link]

Macedonia[link]

  • Macedonian Museum of Natural History, Skopje

Monaco[link]

Montenegro[link]

  • Natural History Museum of Montenegro, Podgorica

The Netherlands[link]

Norway[link]

Poland[link]

Portugal[link]

Romania[link]

  • Bucegi Natural Park Museum, Sinaia
  • Colţi Museum of Amber
  • Constantin Gruescu Iron Aesthetic Mineralogy Museum, Ocna de Fier
  • County Museum of Satu Mare (Szatmárnémeti Múzeum), Satu Mare
  • Danube Delta Natural Sciences Museum, Tulcea
  • Haaz Rezső Múzeum, Odorheiu Secuiesc
  • Ion Borcea Museum Complex of Natural Sciences, Bacău
  • Mihai Băcescu Waters Museum, Fălticeni
  • Mineralogical Museum and Zoological Museum of the Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca
  • Museum of Banat, Natural Sciences Department, Timişoara
  • Museum of Brăila, Department of Natural Sciences, also, Brăila
  • Museum of Gold, Brad
  • Museum of Natural Science (Muzeul de Ştiinţe Naturale), Aiud
  • Museum of Oltenia, Craiova
  • Muzeul Banatului (Banat Museum), Timişoara
  • Muzeul de Istorie Naturală - Iaşi, Iaşi
  • Muzeul de Ştiinţe ale Naturii Piatra Neamţ; see also Iaşi, Romania Museums, Iaşi
  • Muzeul de Ştiinţele Naturii Roman, Roman
  • Muzeul Naţional de Istorie Naturală Grigore Antipa (Grigore Antipa Natural History Museum); see also Description in English, Bucharest
  • Muzeul Ţării Crişurilor, Oradea
  • Muzeul Tarisznyás Márton, English description, Gheorgheni
  • National Geology Museum, Bucharest
  • Natural History Museum Sibiu, Sibiu
  • Natural Sciences and Hunting Museum, Vatra Dornei
  • Natural Sciences Museum Dorohoi
  • Natural Sciences Museum Complex, Constanţa
  • Natural Sciences Museum Complex Galaţi, Galaţi
  • Paleontological and Stratighraphical Museum of the Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca
  • Prahova County Natural Sciences Museum, Ploieşti
  • Sediul Muzeului de Ştiinţele Naturii (Mureş County Museum, Natural History Department), Târgu Mureş
  • Székely National Museum (Székely Nemzeti Múzeum, Sfântu Gheorghe
  • Szekler Museum of Ciuc (Csíky Székely Múzeum), Miercurea-Ciuc
  • Vrancea Museum, Natural Sciences Department, Focşani

Serbia[link]

Slovenia[link]

Slovakia[link]

Spain[link]

Sweden[link]

Switzerland[link]

Turkey[link]

  • Forestry Museum, also known as Watch Mansion, Bursa
  • MTA Natural History Museum, Ankara

United Kingdom[link]

England[link]

Scotland[link]

Wales[link]

North America[link]

Bermuda[link]

  • Bermuda Underwater Exploration Institute, Hamilton

Canada[link]

Alberta[link]

British Columbia[link]

Manitoba[link]

New Brunswick[link]

Newfoundland[link]

Nova Scotia[link]

Ontario[link]

Quebec[link]

Saskatchewan[link]

Yukon[link]

United States[link]

Alabama[link]

Alaska[link]

Arizona[link]

California[link]

Colorado[link]

Connecticut[link]

Delaware[link]

District of Columbia[link]

Florida[link]

Georgia[link]

Hawai'i[link]

Idaho[link]

Illinois[link]

Indiana[link]

  • Sumner B. Sheets Museum of Wildlife and Marine Exhibits, Huntington

Iowa[link]

Kansas[link]

Kentucky[link]

Louisiana[link]

Maine[link]

Maryland[link]

Massachusetts[link]

Michigan[link]

Minnesota[link]

Mississippi[link]

Missouri[link]

Montana[link]

Nebraska[link]

Nevada[link]

New Hampshire[link]

New Jersey[link]

New Mexico[link]

New York[link]

North Carolina[link]

North Dakota[link]

Ohio[link]

Oklahoma[link]

Oregon[link]

Pennsylvania[link]

Rhode Island[link]

  • Edna Lawrence Nature Lab, Rhode Island School of Design, Providence
  • Rhode Island Museum of Natural History and Planetarium, Providence

South Carolina[link]

South Dakota[link]

  • The Journey Museum, Rapid City
  • The Mammoth Site Museum of Hot Springs, SD, Hot Springs
  • Museum of Geology, South Dakota School of Mines & Technology, Rapid City

Tennessee[link]

Texas[link]

Utah[link]

Vermont[link]

Virginia[link]

Washington[link]

West Virginia[link]

  • West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey's Museum of Geology and Natural History, Morgantown
  • West Virginia Natural History Museum, Morgantown

Wisconsin[link]

Wyoming[link]

Oceania[link]

Australia[link]

Indonesia[link]

New Zealand[link]

South America[link]

Argentina[link]

Bolivia[link]

  • Museo de Anatomía de la Universidad de San Francisco Xavier
  • Museo de Historia Natural, La Paz
  • Museo de History Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Santa Cruz

Brazil[link]

Chile[link]

Colombia[link]

  • Museo de Historia Natural, Popayán
  • Museo La Salle, Bogotá
  • Museo Paleontológico, National University of Colombia
  • Museo Prehistórico
  • Universidad Nacional de Colombia: Museo de Historia Natural (Museum of Natural History), Museo Entomológico (Entomological museum), Bogotá

Peru[link]

Uruguay[link]

Venezuela[link]

  • Museo de Biología de la Universidad Central de Venezuela (MBUCV),[13][14][15] Caracas
  • Museo de Ciencias Naturales, Caracas
  • Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Guanare
  • Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, Caracas
  • Museo del Instituto de Zoología Agrícola 'Francisco Fernández, Aragua
  • Museo Marino, Boca de Río
  • Museo Oceanologico Hermano Benigno Roman de la Fundacion La Salle, Punta de Piedras, Isla Margarita
  • Museo Paleontológico de Urumaco, Urumaco
  • Museum Entomológico, Colección de Insectos de Interés Agrícola y su combate Insect Collection Interest Agricultural

See also[link]

References[link]

  1. ^ "National Museum of Natural Science:::Welcome:::". Nmns.edu.tw. 2009-11-30. http://www.nmns.edu.tw/index_eng.html. Retrieved 2012-04-19. 
  2. ^ "NY Times description". Travel.nytimes.com. http://travel.nytimes.com/travel/guides/north-america/mexico/mexico-city/attraction-detail.html?vid=1154654609195. Retrieved 2012-04-19. 
  3. ^ "Natural History Museum of Latvia". Dabasmuzejs.gov.lv. http://www.dabasmuzejs.gov.lv. Retrieved 2012-04-19. 
  4. ^ "Wild-Eyed Alaska: Gull Island in Kachemak Bay". Hhmi.org. http://www.hhmi.org/alaska/pratt.html. Retrieved 2012-04-19. 
  5. ^ Eastern New Mexico University Natural History Museum
  6. ^ Las Cruces Museum of Natural History
  7. ^ Mesalands Community College's Dinosaur Museum
  8. ^ Miles Mineral Museum
  9. ^ New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Museum
  10. ^ Piedra Lumbre Education & Visitor Center
  11. ^ Ruth Hall Museum of Paleontology
  12. ^ Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum. "mlbean.byu.edu". mlbean.byu.edu. http://mlbean.byu.edu/. Retrieved 2012-04-19. 
  13. ^ Pérez Hernández, Roger. Museo de Biología de la Universidad Central de Venezuela (MBUCV) International Symposium & First World Congress on Preservation and concervation of Natural History Collections. 2:17-23
  14. ^ "Museo de Biología UCV (MBUCV)". Izt.ciens.ucv.ve. http://izt.ciens.ucv.ve/mbucv.html. Retrieved 2012-04-19. 
  15. ^ "Museo De Biología De La Universidad Central De Venezuela". Izt.ciens.ucv.ve. http://izt.ciens.ucv.ve/mbucv/peces/. Retrieved 2012-04-19. 

External links[link]

http://wn.com/List_of_natural_history_museums

Related pages:

http://nl.wn.com/Lijst van natuurmusea

http://pt.wn.com/Anexo Lista de museus de história natural

http://de.wn.com/Liste naturhistorischer Museen

http://fr.wn.com/Liste de musées d'histoire naturelle




This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_natural_history_museums

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.


Of Natural History
File:Of-natural-history-cover.jpg
Studio album by Sleepytime Gorilla Museum
Released October 25, 2004 (2004-10-25)
Recorded 2003-2004 at Polymorph Recording,[1] Oakland, California
Genre Avant-rock/metal
Progressive rock/metal
Length 71:52
Label Mimicry Records
Producer Dan Rathbun & Sleepytime Gorilla Museum
Sleepytime Gorilla Museum chronology
Grand Opening and Closing
(2001)
Of Natural History
(2004)
In Glorious Times
(2007)
Professional ratings
Review scores
Source Rating
Allmusic 3.5/5 stars[2]
Pitchfork Media (7.3/10)[3]
Stylus Magazine 3.5/5 stars[4]

Of Natural History is the second album by Avant-rock/metal group Sleepytime Gorilla Museum. It was recorded and mixed at Polymorph Recording in Oakland, California during the years 2003 and 2004. Whereas on the first album, Grand Opening and Closing, Dan Rathbun handled the mastering (in addition to producing, recording, and mixing), on Of Natural History the mastering duties are handled by Justin Weis, who mastered the album at Trakworx, San Francisco.

All the tracks on this album were produced by Rathbun & the other members of the band, except for "Phthisis", which was produced by Scott Humphrey, and recorded at the Chop Shop, Hollywood in May 2004; Chris Baseford engineered the recording sessions, while Garry Raposo and Vincent Piette assisted in engineering.

Like with the first album, this album again marks the transition from one drummer to another: Frank Grau, who replaced David Shamrock after the first album, left after this album, and Matthias Bossi took the drummer's position and has held it since then (Bossi plays different instruments on the tracks "Phthisis", "FC: The Freedom Club" and "Gunday's Child").

Contents

Music[link]

Of Natural History continues on the same diverse and eclectic musical lines as its predecessor, with even more new elements, like Intelligent dance music ("Bring Back the Apocalypse") and funk and jazz ("Gunday's Child"). Other elements include heavy metal ("The Donkey Headed Adversary of Humanity Opens the Discussion" and "Pthisis"), progressive rock ("FC: The Freedom Club" and "Babydoctor"), country music ("Cockroach"), folk music ("The 17 Year Cicada"), as well as many more. Also notable is the incorporation of a plethora of field recordings[5] and samples into the songs and interludes.

Of Natural History has a continuity in the sense that all the songs sequence into each other, thus holding the narrative element(s) of the album better together along the album. The continuity and the coherent feel make Of Natural History very close to a concept album. While the lyrics themselves differ much from song to song, the underlying imposing mood is concerned with the apocalyptic implications caused by human presence on earth; to offer different viewpoints on this, SGM create their own characters and stories (tracks 1 & 2, both of which are a continuation of a story created already on the first album that was non-musical) and borrow from Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, Unabomber, Muriel Rukeyser and Kenneth Patchen (tracks 3, 5, 6, and 9, respectively) in addition to own lyrics.

According to the band's official website, Of Natural History is in part a "debate between two contradictory pillars of 20th C. Anti-Humanism: The Futurists versus the Unabomber."[6]

Track listing[link]

  1. "A Hymn to the Morning Star" - 5:40
  2. "The Donkey-Headed Adversary of Humanity Opens the Discussion" - 6:01
  3. "Phthisis" - 3:44
  4. "Bring Back the Apocalypse" - 4:10
  5. "FC: The Freedom Club" - 10:48
  6. "Gunday's Child" - 6:56
  7. "The 17-Year Cicada" - 3:41
  8. "The Creature" - 6:00
  9. "What Shall We Do Without Us?" - 2:38
  10. "Babydoctor" - 13:59
  11. "Cockroach" - 2:12
  12. (Hidden Track) - 5:56

Personnel[link]

  • Carla Kihlstedt - Violins, Percussion Guitar,[7] Autoharp, Organ, Voice, Choir (Soprano Voice)
  • Dan Rathbun - Bass, Log, Roach, Trombone, Lute, Voice, Choir (Baritone Voice)
  • Frank Grau - Drums, Melodica
  • Matthias Bossi (tracks 3, 5, & 6) - Drums, Glockenspiel, Xylophone, Voice; (track 1) Choir (Tenor Voice)
  • Moe! Staiano - Metal, Wood, Bowed Spatula, Glockenspiel, Spring, Paper
  • Nils Frykdahl - Guitars, Flutes, Voice, Choir (Contralto Voice)

Notes[link]

  1. ^ Except for one track and the field recordings used on the album; see the beginning of the article for more information on this.
  2. ^ Allmusic review
  3. ^ Pitchfork Media review
  4. ^ Stylus Magazine review
  5. ^ The field recordings on this album were done by Neil Yamagata and Carla Kihlstedt.
  6. ^ Sleepytime Gorilla Museum
  7. ^ Sleepytime Gorilla Museum uses a lot of homemade instruments. See the main article about the band.

http://wn.com/Of_Natural_History




This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Of_Natural_History

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.


Tables of natural history, from the 1728 Cyclopaedia

Natural history is the scientific research of plants or animals, leaning more towards observational rather than experimental methods of study, and encompasses more research published in magazines than in academic journals.[1] Grouped among the natural sciences, natural history is the systematic study of any category of natural objects or organisms.[2] That is a very broad designation in a world filled with many narrowly focused disciplines. So while modern natural history dates historically from studies in the ancient Greco-Roman world and the medieval Arabic world through to the scattered European Renaissance scientists working in near isolation, today's field is more of a cross discipline umbrella of many specialty sciences. For example, geobiology has a strong multi-disciplinary nature combining scientists and scientific knowledge of many specialty sciences.

A person who studies natural history is known as a naturalist or "natural historian".

Contents

Definitions[link]

Historical[link]

The English term 'natural history' is a translation of the Latin naturalis historia. Its meaning has narrowed considerably over time (see also History below). In antiquity, it covered more-or-less anything which is connected with nature or which uses materials drawn from nature; see for example the contents of Pliny's encyclopedia of this title, published circa 77 to 79 AD.

Until well into the nineteenth century, knowledge was considered by Europeans to have two main divisions: the humanities (including theology), and studies of nature. Studies of nature could in turn be divided, with natural history being the descriptive counterpart to natural philosophy which was the analytical study of nature. In modern terms, natural philosophy roughly corresponded to modern physics and chemistry, while natural history included the biological and geological sciences. The two were strongly associated. During the heyday of the gentleman scientists, many figures contributed to both fields, and early papers in both were commonly read at professional science society meetings such as the Royal Society and the French Academy of Sciences – both founded during the seventeenth century.

Natural history had been encouraged by practical motives, such as the work of Linnaeus motivated by the desire to improve the economical condition of the Swedish kingdom.[3] Similarly, the Industrial Revolution prompted the development of the science of geology through the need to analyze rock strata (layers) in order to find mineral deposits.[4]

Modern[link]

Modern definitions of natural history come from a variety of fields and sources, and many of the modern definitions emphasize a particular aspect of the field, creating a plurality of definitions with a number of common themes among them. For example, while natural history is most often defined as a type of observation and a subject of study, it can also be defined as a body of knowledge, and as a craft or a practice, in which the emphasis is placed more on the observer than on the observed.[5]

Modern definitions from biologists often focus on the scientific study of individual organisms in their environment, as seen in this definition by M. Bates: "Natural history is the study of animals and Plants - of organisms. ... I like to think, then, of natural history as the study of life at the level of the individual - of what plants and animals do, how they react to each other and their environment, how they are organized into larger groupings like populations and communities"[6] and this more recent definition by D.S. Wilcove and T. Eisner: "The close observation of organisms—their origins, their evolution, their behavior, and their relationships with other species".[7] This focus on organisms in their environment is also echoed by H.W. Greene and J.B. Losos: "Natural history focuses on where organisms are and what they do in their environment, including interactions with other organisms. It encompasses changes in internal states insofar as they pertain to what organisms do".[8] Some definitions go further, focusing on direct observation of organisms in their environment, both past and present, such as this one by G.A. Bartholomew: "A student of natural history, or a naturalist, studies the world by observing plants and animals directly. Because organisms are functionally inseparable from the environment in which they live and because their structure and function cannot be adequately interpreted without knowing some of their evolutionary history, the study of natural history embraces the study of fossils as well as physiographic and other aspects of the physical environment".[9] A common thread in many definitions of natural history is the inclusion of a descriptive component, as seen in a recent definition by H.W. Greene: "Descriptive ecology and ethology".[10]

Recently, several authors have argued for a more expansive view of natural history, including S. Herman, who defines the field as "the scientific study of plants and animals in their natural environments. It is concerned with levels of organization from the individual organism to the ecosystem, and stresses identification, life history, distribution, abundance, and inter-relationships. It often and appropriately includes an esthetic component",[11] and T. Fleischner, who defines the field even more broadly, as “A practice of intentional, focused attentiveness and receptivity to the more-than-human world, guided by honesty and accuracy".[12] These definitions explicitly include the arts in the field of natural history, and are aligned with the broad definition outlined by B. Lopez, who defines the field as the "Patient interrogation of a landscape" while referring to the natural history knowledge of the Eskimo.[13]

A slightly different, but equally expansive framework for natural history is also implied in the scope of work encompassed by many leading natural history museums, which often include elements of Anthropology, Geology, Paleontology and Astronomy along with Botany and Zoology,[14][15] or include both cultural and natural components of the world.[16][17]

The plurality of definitions for this field has recently been recognized as both a weakness and a strength,[18] and a range of definitions have recently been offered by practitioners in a recent collection of views on natural history.[19]

History[link]

Natural history begins with Aristotle and other ancient philosophers who analyzed the diversity of the natural world. Natural history, as a discipline, had existed since classical times, and fifteenth-century Europeans were very familiar with Pliny the Elder's Historia Naturalis. From the ancient Greeks until the work of Carolus Linnaeus (also known as Carl Linnaeus, or Carl von Linné) and other 18th century naturalists, the main concept of natural history was the scala naturae or Great Chain of Being, a conceptual arrangement of minerals, vegetables, more primitive forms of animals, and more complex life forms on a linear scale of increasing "perfection", culminating in our species.

Dioscorides' De Materia Medica is often said to be the oldest and most valuable work in the history of botany.[20] A Greek manuscript of Aristotle's Biological Works, written in Constantinople in the mid-9th century, and preserved at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, is probably the oldest surviving manuscript of texts that founded the science of biology.[21]

While natural history was basically static in medieval Europe, it continued to be developed by Arabic scholars during the Arab Agricultural Revolution. Al-Jahiz described early natural history ideas such as the "struggle for existence" (Malthus' phrase),[22] and the idea of a food chain.[23] He was an early adherent of environmental determinism.[24] Al-Dinawari is considered the founder of Arabic botany for his Book of Plants, in which he described at least 637 plants and discussed plant development from germination (sprouting) to death, describing the phases of plant growth and the production of flowers and fruit.[25] Abu al-Abbas al-Nabati developed an early scientific method for botany, introducing empirical and experimental techniques in the testing, description and identification of numerous materia medica, and separating unverified reports from those supported by actual tests and observations.[26] His student Ibn al-Baitar wrote a pharmaceutical encyclopedia describing 1,400 plants, foods, and drugs, 300 of which were his own original discoveries. A Latin translation of his work was useful to European biologists and pharmacists in the 18th and 19th centuries.[27] Earth sciences such as geology were also studied extensively by Arabic geologists, but by Avicenna's time, around 1000, the Arab Empire was in decline and scientists were not free to publish their ideas.[28]

Georges Buffon is best remembered for his Histoire naturelle, a 44 volume encyclopedia describing everything known about the natural world.

From the 13th century, the work of Aristotle was adapted rather rigidly into Christian philosophy, particularly by Thomas Aquinas, forming the basis for natural theology. During the Renaissance, scholars (herbalists and humanists, particularly) returned to direct observation of plants and animals for natural history, and many began to accumulate large collections of exotic specimens and unusual monsters. Andrea Cesalpino was the creator of one of the first herbaria and the inventor of botanical systematics. Leonhart Fuchs was one of the three founding fathers of botany, along with Otto Brunfels and Hieronymus Bock. Important contributors to the field were also Valerius Cordus, Konrad Gesner (Historiae animalium), Frederik Ruysch, or Gaspard Bauhin.[21] The rapid increase in the number of known organisms prompted many attempts at classifying and organizing species into taxonomic groups, culminating in the system of the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus.[21]

In modern Europe, professional disciplines such as physiology, botany, zoology, geology, and palaeontology were formed. Natural history, formerly the main subject taught by college science professors, was increasingly scorned by scientists of a more specialized manner and relegated to an "amateur" activity, rather than a part of science proper. In Victorian Scotland it was believed that the study of natural history contributed to good mental health.[29] Particularly in Britain and the United States, this grew into specialist hobbies such as the study of birds, butterflies, seashells (malacology/conchology), beetles and wildflowers; meanwhile, scientists tried to define a unified discipline of biology (though with only partial success, at least until the modern evolutionary synthesis). Still, the traditions of natural history continue to play a part in the study of biology, especially ecology (the study of natural systems involving living organisms and the inorganic components of the Earth's biosphere that support them), ethology (the scientific study of animal behavior), and evolutionary biology (the study of the relationships between life-forms over very long periods of time), and re-emerges today as integrative organismal biology.

Amateur collectors and natural history entrepreneurs played an important role in building the large natural history collections of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, such as the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History.

Museums[link]

Natural history museums, which evolved from cabinets of curiosities, played an important role in the emergence of professional biological disciplines and research programs. Particularly in the 19th century, scientists began to use their natural history collections as teaching tools for advanced students and the basis for their own morphological research.

Societies[link]

The term "natural history" alone, or sometimes together with archeology, forms the name of many national, regional and local natural history societies that maintain records for birds (ornithology), mammals (mammalogy), insects (entomology), fungi (mycology) and plants (botany). They may also have microscopical and geological sections.

Examples of these societies in Britain include the Natural History Society of Northumbria founded in 1829, British Entomological and Natural History Society founded in 1872, Birmingham Natural History Society, Glasgow Natural History Society, London Natural History Society founded in 1858, Manchester Microscopical and Natural History Society established in 1880, Scarborough Field Naturalists' Society and the Sorby Natural History Society, Sheffield, founded in 1918. The growth of natural history societies was also spurred due to the growth of British colonies in tropical regions with numerous new species to be discovered. Many civil servants took an interest in their new surroundings, sending specimens back to museums in Britain. (See also Indian natural history)

See also[link]

References[link]

  1. ^ Natural History WordNet Search, princeton.edu.
  2. ^ Brown, Lesley (1993), The New shorter Oxford English dictionary on historical principles, Oxford [Eng.]: Clarendon, ISBN 0-19-861271-0 
  3. ^ Lisbet Koerner, "Linnaeus: Nature and Nation", Harvard University Press, 1999.
  4. ^ Barry Barnes and Steven Shapin, "Natural order: historical studies of scientific culture", Sage Publications, 1979, Beverly Hills, London
  5. ^ Thomas Lowe Fleischner, The Way of Natural History (Trinity University Press, 2011)
  6. ^ Marston Bates, The nature of natural history (New York: Scribners, 1954)
  7. ^ D. S Wilcove and T. Eisner, "The impending extinction of natural history," Chronicle of Higher Education 15 (2000): B24
  8. ^ H. W. Greene and J. B. Losos, "Systematics, Natural-History, and Conservation - Field Biologists Must Fight a Public-Image Problem," Bioscience 38 (1988): 458-462
  9. ^ G. A. Bartholomew, "The Role of Natural History in Contemporary Biology", Bioscience 36 (1986): 324-329
  10. ^ H.W. Greene, "Organisms in nature as a central focus for biology," Trends in Ecology & Evolution 20 (2005):23-27
  11. ^ S. G Herman, “Wildlife biology and natural history: time for a reunion," The Journal of wildlife management 66, no. 4 (2002): 933–946
  12. ^ T. L. Fleischner, "Natural history and the spiral of offering," Wild Earth 11, no. 3/4 (2002): 10–13
  13. ^ Barry Lopez, Arctic Dreams (Vintage, 1986)
  14. ^ Amerian Museum of Ntural History, Mission Statement, http://www.amnh.org/about/
  15. ^ Field Museum, Mission Statement, http://fieldmuseum.org/about/mission
  16. ^ The Natural History Museum, Mission Statement, http://www.nhm.ac.uk/about-us/index.html
  17. ^ National Natural History Museum of Chile, Mission Statement, http://www.dibam.cl/historia_natural/contenido.asp?id_contenido=277&id_submenu=650&id_menu=43
  18. ^ http://declinetorebirth.org/conversations/an-accepted-way-of-viewing-art
  19. ^ http://declinetorebirth.org/
  20. ^ Gulsel M. Kavalali (2003). "Urtica: therapeutic and nutritional aspects of stinging nettles". CRC Press. p.15. ISBN 0-415-30833-X
  21. ^ a b c "Natural History Timeline". HistoryofScience.com.
  22. ^ Conway Zirkle (1941), Natural Selection before the "Origin of Species", Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 84 (1): 71-123.
  23. ^ Frank N. Egerton, "A History of the Ecological Sciences, Part 6: Arabic Language Science - Origins and Zoological", Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America, April 2002: 142-146 [143]
  24. ^ Lawrence I. Conrad (1982), "Taun and Waba: Conceptions of Plague and Pestilence in Early Islam", Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 25 (3), pp. 268-307 [278].
  25. ^ Fahd, Toufic, "Botany and agriculture", pp. 815 , in Morelon, Régis; Rashed, Roshdi (1996), Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science, 3, Routledge, ISBN 0-415-12410-7 
  26. ^ Huff, Toby (2003), The Rise of Early Modern Science: Islam, China, and the West, Cambridge University Press, p. 218, ISBN 0-521-52994-8 
  27. ^ Diane Boulanger (2002), "The Islamic Contribution to Science, Mathematics and Technology", OISE Papers, in STSE Education, Vol. 3.
  28. ^ Richard Myers (2003). "The Basics of Chemistry". Greenwood Publishing Group. p.13. ISBN 0-313-31664-3
  29. ^ Diarmid A. Finnegan (2008), "'An aid to mental health': natural history, alienists and therapeutics in Victorian Scotland", Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 39 (3): 326–337, DOI:10.1016/j.shpsc.2008.06.006, PMID 18761284 

Further reading[link]

  • Allen, David Elliston (1994), The Naturalist in Britain: a social history, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, pp. 270, ISBN 0-691-03632-2 
  • Liu, Huajie (2012), Living as a Naturalist, Beijing: Peking University Press, pp. 363, ISBN 978-7-301-19788-2 
  • Peter Anstey, "Two Forms of Natural History", Early Modern Experimental Philosophy, 17 January 2011.
  • Atran, Scott (1990), Cognitive Foundations of Natural History: Towards an Anthropology of Science, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp. 376, ISBN 978-0-521-43871-1 
  • Kohler, Robert E. Landscapes and Labscapes: Exploring the Lab-Field Border in Biology. University of Chicago Press: Chicago, 2002.
  • Mayr, Ernst. The Growth of Biological Thought: Diversity, Evolution, and Inheritance. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press: Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1982.
  • Rainger, Ronald; Keith R. Benson; and Jane Maienschein, editors. The American Development of Biology. University of Pennsylvania Press: Philadelphia, 1988.

External links[link]

http://wn.com/Natural_history

Related pages:

http://it.wn.com/Storia naturale

http://cs.wn.com/Přírodopis

http://id.wn.com/Sejarah alam

http://es.wn.com/Historia natural

http://ru.wn.com/Естественная история

http://pl.wn.com/Historia naturalna

http://fr.wn.com/Histoire naturelle

http://de.wn.com/Naturgeschichte

http://hi.wn.com/प्राकृतिक इतिहास

http://pt.wn.com/História natural

http://nl.wn.com/Natuurlijke historie




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