- published: 25 Mar 2008
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Abbeystead
Coordinates: 53°58′59″N 2°40′01″W / 53.983°N 2.667°W / 53.983; -2.667
Abbeystead is a small, picturesque village located in the Forest of Bowland Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, in Lancashire, England. Abbeystead lies close to the Trough of Bowland but even in medieval times, was considered part of Wyresdale rather than within the domain of that powerful local magnate, the Lord of Bowland, so-called Lord of the Fells.
Little is known of the history of Abbeystead before the Norman Conquest, except that it was occupied from at least the middle of the prehistoric period.
The name is derived from "The site of the Abbey" and relates to the short-lived presence of a house of Cistercian monks in the reign of Henry II. The traditional site of the monks' house is just below the junction of the Marshaw Wyre and the Tarnbrook Wyre, on the north side of the reservoir.
There are a number of notable buildings in the Abbeystead area: Cawthorne's Endowed School, rebuilt in the 19th century; Holme Farm opposite, also 19th century; and Abbeystead House, built in 1886 for the 4th Earl of Sefton. Records trace the chapel to the west of Abbeystead back to the 14th century. The church was rebuilt in 1733, with a spire and new chancel added during restoration in 1894.
wn.com/Abbeystead -
Allo Mahar
Alo Mohar, also known as Allo Mahar Sharif, is a village and union council of Daska Tehsil, Sialkot District in Punjab, Pakistan. The village is located at 32°23'60N 74°25'0E and lies located 8 km to the west of Daska and 15 km southwest of the district capital - Sialkot. It contains the shrines of various Islamic saints and is an attractive and modern village of Punjab Province.
Its land is fertile and good roads serve the village and all other facilities have been available (Hospital, School, Telephone and Suigas). The nearest villages are Jamke Cheema, Motra and Bhilo Mahar.
The Syed Faiz-ul Hassan Shah (religious scholar), Iftikharul Hasan Shah (Member of National Assembly of Pakistan.Late Haji Muhammad Sharif (Khalifa ALOO MAHAR SHARIF.
Annually on 23 March urs[clarification needed] of saints of Allo Mahar Sharif is celebrated.
Ali Ghuman
Coordinates: 32°24′0″N 74°25′0″E / 32.4°N 74.416667°E / 32.4; 74.416667
wn.com/Allo_Mahar -
Amritsar
Amritsar (
pronunciation (help·info); Punjabi: ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤਸਰ IPA: [əmːɾɪt̪səɾ], historically also known as ਰਾਮਦਾਸਪੁਰ Rāmdāspur and colloquially as ਅੰਬਰਸਰ, Ambarsar) is a city in the north-western part of India. It is the spiritual center for the Sikh religion and the administrative headquarters of the Amritsar district in the state of Punjab.
It is home to the Harmandir Sahib (referred to as the "Golden Temple" in the western media), the spiritual and cultural center for the Sikh religion. This important Sikh shrine attracts more visitors than the Taj Mahal with more than 100,000 visitors on week days alone and is the most popular destination for Non-resident Indians (NRI) in the whole of India. The city also houses the Sikh temporal and political authority, Akal Takht, as well as the Sikh Parliament.
The 2011 Indian census reported the population of the city to be 1,132,761. Amritsar is situated 217 kilometres (135 mi) northwest of state capital Chandigarh and is 32 kilometres (20 mi) east of Lahore, Pakistan and therefore, very close to India's western border with Pakistan.
wn.com/Amritsar -
Arkansas
Arkansas (
i/ˈɑrkənsɔː/ AR-kən-saw) is a state located in the Southern region of the United States. Its name is an Algonquian name of the Quapaw Indians. Arkansas shares borders with six states (N: Missouri; E: Tennessee, Mississippi; S: Louisiana; SW: Texas; W: Oklahoma), and its eastern border is largely defined by the Mississippi River. Its diverse geography ranges from the mountainous regions of the Ozarks and the Ouachita Mountains, which make up the U.S. Interior Highlands, to the eastern lowlands along the Mississippi River. Arkansas is the 29th most extensive and the 32nd most populous of the 50 United States. The capital and most populous city is Little Rock, located in the central portion of the state.
The name “Arkansas” derives from the same root as the name for the state of Kansas. The Kansa tribe of Native Americans are closely associated with the Sioux tribes of the Great Plains. The word “Arkansas” itself is a French pronunciation (“Arcansas”) of a Quapaw (a related “Kaw” tribe) word, akakaze, meaning “land of downriver people” or the Sioux word akakaze meaning “people of the south wind”. The pronunciation of Arkansas was made official by an act of the state legislature in 1881, after a dispute between two U.S. Senators from Arkansas. One wanted to pronounce the name /ɑrˈkænzəs/ ar-KAN-zəs and the other wanted /ˈɑrkənsɔː/ AR-kən-saw.
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Australia
Australia ( /əˈstreɪljə/), officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent as well as the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area. Neighbouring countries include Indonesia, East Timor and Papua New Guinea to the north; the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and New Caledonia to the north-east; and New Zealand to the south-east.
For at least 40,000 years before European settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who belonged to one or more of roughly 250 language groups. After discovery by Dutch explorers in 1606, Australia's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain in 1770 and settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788. The population grew steadily in subsequent decades; the continent was explored and an additional five self-governing Crown Colonies were established.
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Bangladesh
Coordinates: 23°N 90°E / 23°N 90°E / 23; 90
Bangladesh (i/ˈbɑːŋɡlədɛʃ/ or i/bæŋɡləˈdɛʃ/ (Anglicized pronunciation); Bengali: বাংলাদেশ), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh (Bengali: গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ Gônoprojatontri Bangladesh) is a sovereign state located in South Asia. It is bordered by India and Burma and by the Bay of Bengal to the south. The capital (and largest city) is Dhaka, located in central Bangladesh. The official state language is Bengali. The name Bangladesh means "Land of Bengal" or "Country of Bengal" the in the Bengali language, from Bangla "Bengal" and desh holding a dual meaning of "land" and "country" as English "country," German land, French pays, etc.
The borders of present-day Bangladesh were established with the partition of Bengal during the reign and demise of the British India. Its map was chartered by Sir Cyril Radcliffe during the creation of Pakistan and India in 1947, when the region became East Pakistan, part of the newly formed nation of Pakistan. Due to political exclusion and economic exploitation by the politically dominant West Pakistan, popular agitation grew against West Pakistan and led to the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971, after the Bangladeshi Declaration of Independence on 26 March 1971. With the intervention of the Indian Army, the war came to an end on 16 December 1971 with the surrender of the Pakistan Army at Ramna Race Course.
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Beirut
Coordinates: 33°53′13″N 35°30′47″E / 33.88694°N 35.51306°E / 33.88694; 35.51306
Beirut (Arabic: بيروت Bayrūt, Greek: Βηρυττός, Latin: Berytus, French: Beyrouth, Hebrew: ביירות Beyrut) is the capital and largest city of Lebanon. As there has been no recent population census, the exact population is unknown; estimates in 2007 ranged from slightly less than 1 million to slightly more than 2 million. Located on a peninsula at the midpoint of Lebanon's Mediterranean coast, it serves as the country's largest and main seaport. The Beirut metropolitan area consists of the city and its suburbs. The first mention of this metropolis is found in the ancient Egyptian Tell el Amarna letters, dating from the 15th century BC. The city has been inhabited continuously since then.
Beirut is Lebanon's seat of government and plays a central role in the Lebanese economy, with many banks and corporations based in its city centre, Hamra Street, Rue Verdun and Ashrafieh. The city is the focal point of the region's cultural life, renowned for its press, theatres, cultural activities and nightlife. After the destructive Lebanese Civil War, Beirut underwent major reconstruction, and the redesigned historic city centre, marina, pubs and nightlife districts have once again made it a tourist attraction. Beirut was named the top place to visit by The New York Times in 2009, and as one of the ten liveliest cities in the world by Lonely Planet in the same year.
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Bhopal
Bhopal /boʊˈpɑːl/ (Hindustani pronunciation: [bʱoːpaːl] (
listen)) is the capital of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh and the administrative headquarters of Bhopal District and Bhopal Division. The city was the capital of the former Bhopal State. Bhopal is known as the City of Lakes for its various natural as well as artificial lakes and is also one of the greenest cities in India.
A B-1 class city, Bhopal houses various institutions and installations of national importance. Some of these include ISRO's Master Control Facility, the CSIR Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER Bhopal), School of Planning and Architecture, Indian Institute of Forest Management, Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL), Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal (associated with Hamidia Hospital, Sultania Zanana Hospital & Kamla Nehru Hospital), and the (approved, under-construction) All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal.
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Bhopal Disaster
The Bhopal disaster (commonly referred to as Bhopal gas tragedy) was a gas leak incident in India, considered one of the world's worst industrial catastrophes. It occurred on the night of December 2–3, 1984 at the Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL) pesticide plant in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. A leak of methyl isocyanate gas and other chemicals from the plant resulted in the exposure of hundreds of thousands of people. The toxic substance made its way in and around the shantytowns located near the plant. Estimates vary on the death toll. The official immediate death toll was 2,259 and the government of Madhya Pradesh has confirmed a total of 3,787 deaths related to the gas release. Others estimate 3,000 died within weeks and another 8,000 have since died from gas-related diseases. A government affidavit in 2006 stated the leak caused 558,125 injuries including 38,478 temporary partial and approximately 3,900 severely and permanently disabling injuries.
UCIL was the Indian subsidiary of Union Carbide Corporation (UCC), with Indian Government controlled banks and the Indian public holding a 49.1 percent stake. In 1994, the Supreme Court of India allowed UCC to sell its 50.9 percent share. Union Carbide sold UCIL, the Bhopal plant operator, to Eveready Industries India Limited in 1994. The Bhopal plant was later sold to McLeod Russel (India) Ltd. Dow Chemical Company purchased UCC in 2001.
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Brunei
Bruneii/bruːˈnaɪ/, officially the Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace (Malay: Negara Brunei Darussalam, Jawi: نڬارا بروني دارالسلام), is a sovereign state located on the north coast of the island of Borneo, in Southeast Asia. Apart from its coastline with the South China Sea, it is completely surrounded by the state of Sarawak, Malaysia, and it is separated into two parts by the Sarawak district of Limbang. It is the only sovereign state completely on the island of Borneo, with the remainder of the island belonging to Malaysia and Indonesia. Brunei's population was 401,890 in July 2011.
The official national history claims that Brunei can trace its beginnings to the 7th century, when it was a subject state of the Srivijayan empire under the name P'o-li. It later became a vassal state of Majapahit empire before converting to Islam in the 15th century. At the peak of its empire, the sultanate had control that extended over the coastal regions of modern-day Sarawak and Sabah, the Sulu archipelago, and the islands off the northwest tip of Borneo. The thalassocracy was visited by Ferdinand Magellan in 1521 and fought the Castille War in 1578 against Spain. Its empire began to decline with the forced ceding of Sarawak to James Brooke and the ceding of Sabah to the British North Borneo Chartered Company. After the loss of Limbang, Brunei finally became a British protectorate in 1888, receiving a resident in 1906. In the years after the Japanese wartime occupation during World War II, it formalised a constitution and fought an armed rebellion. Brunei regained its independence from the United Kingdom on 1 January 1984. Economic growth during the 1970s and 1990s, averaging 56% from 1999 to 2008, has transformed Brunei Darussalam into a newly industrialised country.
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Burkina Faso
Burkina Faso (
i/bərˌkiːnə ˈfɑːsoʊ/ bər-KEE-nə FAH-soh; French: [buʁkina faso]) – also known by its short-form name Burkina – is a landlocked country in west Africa. It is surrounded by six countries: Mali to the north, Niger to the east, Benin to the southeast, Togo and Ghana to the south, and Côte d'Ivoire to the southwest. The country's capital is Ouagadougou.
Its size is 274,200 square kilometres (105,900 sq mi) with an estimated population of more than 15,757,000. Formerly called the Republic of Upper Volta, it was renamed on 4 August 1984, by President Thomas Sankara, to mean "the land of upright people" in Mòoré and Dioula, the major native languages of the country. Figuratively, "Burkina" may be translated, "men of integrity", from the Mòoré language, and "Faso" means "fatherland" in Dioula. The inhabitants of Burkina Faso are known as Burkinabè (
/bərˈkiːnəbeɪ/ bər-KEE-nə-bay).
Burkina Faso was populated between 14,000 and 5000 BC by hunter-gatherers in the country's northwestern region. Farm settlements appeared between 3600 and 2600 BC. What is now central Burkina Faso was principally composed of Mossi kingdoms. These Mossi Kingdoms would become a French protectorate in 1896. After gaining independence from France in 1960, the country underwent many governmental changes until arriving at its current form, a semi-presidential republic. The president is Blaise Compaoré.
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Cairo
Cairo ( /ˈkaɪroʊ/ KYE-roh; Arabic: القاهرة al-Qāhira, literally "The Vanquisher" or "The Conqueror"), is the capital of Egypt and the largest city in the Arab world and Africa, and the 16th largest metropolitan area in the world. Located near the Nile Delta, it was founded in the year 969 A.D. making it 1,043 years old. Nicknamed "The City of a Thousand Minarets" for its preponderance of Islamic architecture, Cairo has long been a centre of the region's political and cultural life. Cairo was founded by the Fatimid dynasty in the 10th century AD.; but the land composing the present-day city was the site of national capitals whose remnants remain visible in parts of Old Cairo. Cairo is also associated with Ancient Egypt due to its proximity to the ancient cities of Memphis, Giza and Fustat which are nearby to the Great Sphinx and the pyramids of Giza.
Egyptians today often refer to Cairo as Maṣr (Arabic: مصر), the Arabic pronunciation of the name for Egypt itself, emphasizing the city's continued role in Egyptian influence. Cairo has the oldest and largest film and music industries in the Arab World, as well as the world's second-oldest institution of higher learning, al-Azhar University. Many international media, businesses, and organizations have regional headquarters in the city, and the Arab League has had its headquarters in Cairo for most of its existence.
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Canada
Canada ( /ˈkænədə/) is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean. Spanning over 9,900,000 km2 (3,800,000 sq mi), Canada is the world's second-largest country by total area, and its common border with the United States is the longest land border in the world.
The land that is now Canada has been inhabited for millennia by various Aboriginal peoples. Beginning in the late 15th century, British and French colonial expeditions explored, and later settled, along the region's Atlantic coast. France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 after the Seven Years' War. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces. This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy; the Canada Act 1982 severed the vestiges of legal dependence on Britain.
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Egypt
Egypti/ˈiːdʒɪpt/ (Arabic: مصر, Miṣr, Egyptian Arabic: [mɑsˤɾ] ; Coptic: Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ, Kīmi ; Sahidic Coptic: ⲕⲏⲙⲉ, Kēme), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: جمهوريّة مصر العربيّة (help·info), is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world. Covering an area of about 1,010,000 square kilometers (390,000 sq mi), Egypt is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west.
Egypt is one of the most populous countries in Africa and the Middle East. The great majority of its over 81 million people live near the banks of the Nile River, in an area of about 40,000 square kilometers (15,000 sq mi), where the only arable land is found. The large areas of the Sahara Desert are sparsely inhabited. About half of Egypt's residents live in urban areas, with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta.
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England
Englandi/ˈɪŋɡlənd/ is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, while the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separate it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period, but it takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in AD 927, and since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century, has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world. The English language, the Anglican Church, and English law—the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world—developed in England, and the country's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation. England's Royal Society laid the foundations of modern experimental science.
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Ethiopia
Ethiopia ( /ˌiːθiˈoʊpiə/) (Ge'ez: ኢትዮጵያ ʾĪtyōṗṗyā), officially known as the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa. It is the second-most populous nation in Africa, with over 82 million inhabitants, and the tenth largest by area, occupying 1,100,000 km2. Ethiopia is bordered by Eritrea to the north, Djibouti and Somalia to the east, Sudan and South Sudan to the west, and Kenya to the south. With its capital at Addis Ababa, it is also the most populous landlocked nation in the world.
Ethiopia was a monarchy for most of its history, and the Ethiopian dynasty traces its roots to the 2nd century BC. Ethiopia is also one of the oldest sites of human existence known to scientists today, having yielded some of humanity's oldest traces. It may be the region from which Homo sapiens first set out for the Middle East and points beyond. Alongside Rome, Persia, China and India, the Ethiopian Aksum Empire was considered one of the great world powers of the 3rd century. During the Scramble for Africa, Ethiopia was the only African country beside Liberia that retained its sovereignty as a recognized independent country, and was one of only four African members of the League of Nations. After a brief period of Italian occupation, Ethiopia became a charter member of the United Nations. When other African nations received their independence following World War II, many of them adopted the colors of Ethiopia's flag, and Addis Ababa became the location of several international organizations focused on Africa.
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Finland
Coordinates: 65°N 27°E / 65°N 027°E / 65; 027
Finlandi/ˈfɪnlənd/ ( Finnish: Suomi; Swedish: Finland (help·info)), officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden in the west, Norway in the north and Russia in the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.
Around 5.4 million people reside in Finland, with the majority concentrated in the southern region. It is the eighth largest country in Europe in terms of area and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union. Finland is a parliamentary republic with a central government based in Helsinki and local governments in 336 municipalities, and an autonomous region of the Åland Islands. About one million residents live in the Greater Helsinki area, which consists of Helsinki, Espoo, Kauniainen and Vantaa, and a third of the country's GDP is produced there. Other larger cities include Tampere, Turku, Oulu, Jyväskylä, Lahti and Kuopio.
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Henri Fabre
Henri Fabre (November 29, 1882 – June 30, 1984) was a French aviator and the inventor of Le Canard, the first seaplane in history.
Henri Fabre was born into a prominent family of shipowners in the city of Marseilles. He was educated in the Jesuit College of Marseilles, where he undertook advanced studies in sciences. He then studied intensively aeroplane and propeller designs. He patented a system of flotation devices, which he used when he succeeded in taking off from the surface of the Etang de Berre on March 28, 1910. On that day, he completed four consecutive flights, the longest about 600 meters. "Le Canard", has survived and is displayed in the airport at Marseilles. Henri Fabre was soon contacted by Glenn Curtiss and Gabriel Voisin who used his invention to develop their own seaplanes.
As late as 1971 the aged Fabre could still be seen sailing his own boat single handedly in Marseille harbor.
He died at the age of 101, as one of the last living pioneers of human flight.
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Hong Kong
Coordinates: 22°16′42″N 114°09′32″E / 22.27833°N 114.15889°E / 22.27833; 114.15889
Hong Kong (Chinese: 香港) is one of two special administrative regions (SARs) of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the other being Macau. A city-state situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is known for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour. With a land mass of 1,104 km2 (426 sq mi) and a population of seven million people, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Hong Kong's population is 95 percent ethnic Chinese and 5 percent from other groups. Hong Kong's Han Chinese majority originate mainly from the cities of Guangzhou and Taishan in the neighbouring Guangdong province.
Hong Kong became a colony of the British Empire after the First Opium War (1839–42). Originally confined to Hong Kong Island, the colony's boundaries were extended in stages to the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 and then the New Territories in 1898. It was occupied by Japan during the Pacific War, after which the British resumed control until 1997, when China resumed sovereignty. The region espoused minimum government intervention under the ethos of positive non-interventionism during the colonial era. The time period greatly influenced the current culture of Hong Kong, often described as "East meets West", and the educational system, which used to loosely follow the system in England until reforms implemented in 2009.
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India
India (i/ˈɪndiə/), officially the Republic of India (Bhārat Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south-west, and the Bay of Bengal on the south-east, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Burma and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; in addition, India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.
Home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history. Four of the world's major religions—Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism—originated here, whereas Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived in the 1st millennium CE and also helped shape the region's diverse culture. Gradually annexed by and brought under the administration of the British East India Company from the early 18th century and administered directly by the United Kingdom from the mid-19th century, India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by non-violent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi.
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Iran
Coordinates: 32°N 53°E / 32°N 53°E / 32; 53
Iran (i/ɪˈrɑːn/ or /aɪˈræn/;Persian: ایران [ʔiˈɾɒn] ( listen)), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (Persian: جمهوری اسلامی ایران Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān), is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran", which in Persian means "Land of the Aryans", has been in use natively since the Sassanian era. It came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia ( /ˈpɜrʒə/ or /ˈpɜrʃə/). Both "Persia" and "Iran" are used interchangeably in cultural contexts; however, "Iran" is the name used officially in political contexts.
The 18th-largest country in the world in terms of area at 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi), Iran has a population of around 79 million. It is a country of particular geopolitical significance owing to its location in the Middle East and central Eurasia. Iran is bordered on the north by Armenia, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan. As Iran is a littoral state of the Caspian Sea, which is an inland sea, Kazakhstan and Russia are also Iran's direct neighbors to the north. Iran is bordered on the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan, on the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, on the west by Iraq and on the northwest by Turkey. Tehran is the capital, the country's largest city and the political, cultural, commercial and industrial center of the nation. Iran is a regional power, and holds an important position in international energy security and world economy as a result of its large reserves of petroleum and natural gas. Iran has the second largest proven natural gas reserves in the world and the fourth largest proven petroleum reserves.
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Iraq
Iraq (/ɪˈræk/ ori/ɪˈrɑːk/; Arabic: العراق al-‘Irāq); officially the Republic of Iraq (Arabic: جمهورية العراق (help·info) Jumhūriyyat al-‘Irāq), is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert.
Iraq borders Syria to the northwest, Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Jordan to the southwest and Kuwait and Saudi Arabia to the south. Iraq has a narrow section of coastline measuring 58 km (36 mi) on the northern Persian Gulf. The capital city, Baghdad is in the center-east of the country.
Two major rivers, the Tigris and Euphrates, run through the center of Iraq, flowing from northwest to southeast. These provide Iraq with agriculturally capable land and contrast with the steppe and desert landscape that covers most of Western Asia.
Historically, Iraq was the center of the Abbasid Arabic Islamic Empire. Iraq has been known to the west by the Greek toponym 'Mesopotamia' (Land between the rivers) and has been home to continuous successive civilizations since the 6th millennium BC. The region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers is often referred to as the cradle of civilization and the birthplace of writing, law and the wheel. At different periods in its history, Iraq was the center of the indigenous Akkadian, Sumerian, Assyrian, Babylonian, and Abbasid empires. It was also part of the Achaemenid, Hellenistic, Parthian, Sassanid, Roman, Rashidun, Umayyad, Mongol, Safavid, Afsharid, and Ottoman empires, and under British control as a League of Nations mandate.
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Israel
Coordinates: 31°N 35°E / 31°N 35°E / 31; 35
Israel, officially the State of Israel ( /ˈɪzriːəl/ or /ˈɪzreɪəl/; Hebrew: מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, Medīnat Yisrā'el, IPA: [me̞diˈnät jisʁäˈʔe̞l] ( listen); Arabic: دَوْلَة إِسْرَائِيل, Dawlat Isrāʼīl, IPA: [dawlat ʔisraːˈʔiːl]), is a parliamentary republic in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan and the West Bank in the east, Egypt and the Gaza Strip on the southwest, and the Gulf of Aqaba in the Red Sea to the south, and it contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel is defined as a Jewish and Democratic State in its Basic Laws and is the world's only Jewish-majority state.
Following the adoption of a resolution by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 29 November 1947 recommending the adoption and implementation of the United Nations plan to partition Palestine, on 14 May 1948 David Ben-Gurion, the Executive Head of the World Zionist Organization and president of the Jewish Agency for Palestine, declared the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz Israel, to be known as the State of Israel, a state independent from the British Mandate for Palestine. Neighboring Arab states invaded the next day in support of the Palestinian Arabs. Israel has since fought several wars with neighboring Arab states, in the course of which it has occupied the West Bank, Sinai Peninsula, Gaza Strip and the Golan Heights. Portions of these territories, including east Jerusalem, have been annexed by Israel, but the border with the neighboring West Bank has not yet been permanently defined.[neutrality is disputed] Israel has signed peace treaties with Egypt and Jordan, but efforts to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict have so far not resulted in peace.
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Japan
Japani/dʒəˈpæn/ (Japanese: 日本 Nihon or Nippon; formally 日本国 Nippon-koku or Nihon-koku, literally the State of Japan) is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south. The characters that make up Japan's name mean "sun-origin", which is why Japan is sometimes referred to as the "Land of the Rising Sun".
Japan is an archipelago of 6,852 islands. The four largest islands are Honshū, Hokkaidō, Kyūshū and Shikoku, together accounting for ninety-seven percent of Japan's land area. Japan has the world's tenth-largest population, with over 127 million people. The Greater Tokyo Area, which includes the de facto capital city of Tokyo and several surrounding prefectures, is the largest metropolitan area in the world, with over 30 million residents.
Archaeological research indicates that people lived in Japan as early as the Upper Paleolithic period. The first written mention of Japan is in Chinese history texts from the 1st century AD. Influence from other nations followed by long periods of isolation has characterized Japan's history. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, victory in the First Sino-Japanese War, the Russo-Japanese War and World War I allowed Japan to expand its empire during a period of increasing militarism. The Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937 expanded into part of World War II in 1941, which came to an end in 1945 following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Since adopting its revised constitution in 1947, Japan has maintained a unitary constitutional monarchy with an emperor and an elected parliament called the Diet.
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Johor
Johor is a Malaysian state, located in the southern portion of Peninsular Malaysia. It is one of the most developed states in Malaysia. The state capital city and royal city of Johor is Johor Bahru, formerly known as Tanjung Puteri (Malay for Princess's Cape). The old state capital is Johor Lama.
Johor is surrounded by Pahang to the north, Malacca and Negeri Sembilan to the northwest, and the Straits of Johor to the south which separates Johor and the Republic of Singapore.
Johor is also known by its Arabic honorific, Darul Ta'zim, or "Abode of Dignity", and as Johore in English.
The name "Johor" originated from the Arabic word Jauhar, 'gem/jewel' . Malays tend to name a place after natural objects in great abundance or having visual dominance. Before the name Johor was adopted, the area south of the Muar River to Singapore island was known as Ujong Tanah or 'land's end' in Malay, due to its location at the end of the Malay Peninsula. Coincidentally, Johor is the most southern point of the Asian continental mainland.
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Kashmir
Kashmir (Balti, Gojri, Poonchi/Chibhali, Dogri: कश्मीर; Kashmiri: कॅशीर, کٔشِیر; Ladakhi: ཀཤམིར; Uyghur: كەشمىر; Shina: کشمیر) is the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term Kashmir geographically denoted only the valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal mountain range. Today Kashmir denotes a larger area that includes the Indian-administered state of Jammu and Kashmir (the Kashmir valley, Jammu and Ladakh), the Pakistani-administered Gilgit–Baltistan and the Azad Kashmir provinces, and the Chinese-administered regions of Aksai Chin and Trans-Karakoram Tract.
In the first half of the first millennium, the Kashmir region became an important center of Hinduism and later of Buddhism; later still, in the ninth century, Kashmir Shaivism arose. In 1349, Shah Mir became the first Muslim ruler of Kashmir and inaugurated the Salatin-i-Kashmir or Swati dynasty. For the next five centuries, Muslim monarchs ruled Kashmir, including the Mughals, who ruled from 1526 until 1751, then the Afghan Durrani Empire that ruled from 1747 until 1820. That year, the Sikhs under Ranjit Singh, annexed Kashmir. In 1846, upon the purchase of the region from the British under the Treaty of Amritsar, the Dogras—under Gulab Singh—became the new rulers. Dogra Rule, under the paramountcy (or tutelage) of the British Crown, lasted until 1947, when the former princely state became a disputed territory, now administered by three countries: India, Pakistan, and the People's Republic of China.
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Kenya
Kenya ( /ˈkɛnjə/ or /ˈkiːnjə/), officially the Republic of Kenya, is a country in East Africa that lies on the equator. With the Indian Ocean to its south-east, it is bordered by Tanzania to the south, Uganda to the west, South Sudan to the north-west, Ethiopia to the north and Somalia to the north-east. Kenya has a land area of 580,000 km2 and a population of nearly 41 million, representing 42 different peoples and cultures. The country is named after Mount Kenya, a significant landmark and second among Africa's highest mountain peaks. Kenya's capital and largest city is Nairobi.
Kenya has a warm and humid climate along its coastline on the Indian Ocean which changes to wildlife-rich savannah grasslands moving inland towards the capital Nairobi. Nairobi has a cool climate that gets colder approaching Mount Kenya, which has three permanently snow-capped peaks. The warm and humid tropical climate reappears further inland towards lake Victoria, before giving way to temperate forested and hilly areas in the western region. The North Eastern regions along the border with Somalia and Ethiopia are arid and semi-arid areas with near-desert landscapes. Lake Victoria, the world's second largest fresh-water lake (after Lake Superior in the US and Canada) and the world's largest tropical lake, is situated to the southwest and is shared with Uganda and Tanzania. Kenya is famous for its safaris and diverse world-famous wildlife reserves such as Tsavo National Park, the Maasai Mara, Nakuru National Park, and Aberdares National Park.
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Lancashire
Lancashire ( /ˈlæŋkəʃər/ or, less commonly, /ˈlæŋkəʃɪər/) is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England. It takes its name from the city of Lancaster, and is sometimes known as the County of Lancaster. Although Lancaster is still considered to be the county town, Lancashire County Council is based in Preston. Lancashire is sometimes referred to by the abbreviation Lancs, as originally used by the Royal Mail. The population of the county is 1,449,700. People from the county are known as Lancastrians.
The history of Lancashire is thought to have begun with its founding in the 12th century. In the Domesday Book (1086), some of its lands had been treated as part of Yorkshire. The land that lay Inter Ripam et Mersam, "between the Ribble and Mersey", formed part of the returns for Cheshire. Once its initial boundaries were established, it bordered Cumberland, Westmorland, Yorkshire and Cheshire.
Lancashire emerged during the Industrial Revolution as a major commercial and industrial region. The county encompassed several hundred mill towns and collieries. By the 1830s, approximately 85% of all cotton manufactured worldwide was processed in Lancashire.Preston, Accrington, Blackburn, Bolton, Rochdale, Oldham, Chorley, Darwen, Nelson, Colne and Burnley were major cotton mill towns during this time. Blackpool was a major centre for tourism for the inhabitants of Lancashire's mill towns, particularly during wakes week.
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Lebanon
Lebanon (i/ˈlɛbənɒn/ or /ˈlɛbənən/; Arabic: لبنان Libnān or Lubnān, Lebanese Arabic: [lɪbˈneːn]), officially the Lebanese Republic (Arabic: الجمهورية اللبنانية al-Jumhūrīyah al-Libnānīyah, Lebanese Arabic: [elˈʒʊmhuːɾɪjje l.ˈlɪbneːnɪjje]), is a country in the East Mediterranean. It is bordered by Syria to the north and east, and Israel to the south. Lebanon's location at the crossroads of the Mediterranean Basin and the Arabian hinterland has dictated its rich history, and shaped a cultural identity of religious and ethnic diversity.
The earliest evidence of civilization in Lebanon dates back more than 7,000 years—predating recorded history. Lebanon was the home of the Phoenicians, a maritime culture that flourished for nearly 2,500 years (3000–539 BC). Following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire after World War I, the five provinces that comprise modern Lebanon were mandated to France. The French expanded the borders of Mount Lebanon, which was mostly populated by Maronite Catholics and Druze, to include more Muslims. Lebanon gained independence in 1943, and established a unique political system, known as confessionalism, a power-sharing mechanism based on religious communities – Bechara El Khoury who became independent Lebanon's first President and Riad El-Solh, who became Lebanon's first prime minister, are considered the founders of the modern Republic of Lebanon and are national heroes for having led the country's independence. French troops withdrew from Lebanon in 1946.
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Libya
Libya (Arabic: ليبيا Lībyā), Berber: ⵍⵉⴱⵢⴰ) is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west.
With an area of almost 1.8 million square kilometres (700,000 sq mi), Libya is the third largest country in Africa by area, and the 17th largest in the world. The largest city, Tripoli, is home to 1.7 million of Libya's 6.4 million people. The three traditional parts of the country are Tripolitania, Fezzan and Cyrenaica.
In 2009 Libya had the highest HDI in Africa and the fourth highest GDP (PPP) per capita in Africa, behind Seychelles, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon. Libya has the 10th-largest proven oil reserves of any country in the world and the 17th-highest petroleum production.
As a result of the Libyan civil war, the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, which had at that time been in existence for 34 years, collapsed and Libya entered a period of governance by a transitional administration called the National Transitional Council. The NTC has stated its intention to oversee the first phase of a transition to constitutional democracy, after which it claims it will dissolve in favor of a representative legislature.
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Liverpool
Liverpool ( /ˈlɪvəpuːl/) is a city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England, along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary. It was founded as a borough in 1207 and was granted city status in 1880. According to the Office for National Statistics, the 2010 mid-year population estimate for Liverpool was 445,200 and was part of a larger urban area of 816,216.
Historically a part of Lancashire, the urbanisation and expansion of Liverpool were both largely brought about by the city's status as a major port. By the 18th century, trade from the West Indies, Ireland and mainland Europe coupled with close links with the Atlantic Slave Trade furthered the economic expansion of Liverpool. By the early 19th century, 40% of the world's trade passed through Liverpool's docks, contributing to Liverpool's rise as a major city.
Inhabitants of Liverpool are referred to as Liverpudlians but are also colloquially known as "Scousers", in reference to the local dish known as "scouse", a form of stew. The word "Scouse" has also become synonymous with the Liverpool accent and dialect. Liverpool's status as a port city has contributed to its diverse population, which, historically, were drawn from a wide range of peoples, cultures, and religions, particularly those from Ireland. The city is also home to the oldest Black African community in the country and the oldest Chinese community in Europe.
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London
Londoni/ˈlʌndən/ is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who named it Londinium. London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
London is a leading global city, with strengths in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism and transport all contributing to its prominence. It is the world's leading financial centre alongside New York City and has the fifth-largest city GDP in the world (and the largest in Europe). London has been described as a world cultural capital. It was the world's most visited city during 2011 and London Heathrow is the world's busiest airport by number of international passengers. London's 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education in Europe. In 2012 London will become the first city to host the modern Summer Olympic Games three times.
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Los Angeles
Los Angeles (i/lɒs ˈændʒələs/ loss-AN-jə-ləs; Spanish: [los ˈaŋxeles], which is written Los Ángeles; British pronounciation /lɒs ˈændʒəliːz/ loss-AN-jə-leez) with a population at the 2010 United States Census of 3,792,621, is the most populous city in the state of California, and the second most populous in the United States, after New York City. It has an area of 468.67 square miles (1,213.8 km2), and is located in Southern California. Often known by its initials L.A., the city is the focal point of the larger Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana metropolitan statistical area and Greater Los Angeles Area region, which contain 12,828,837 and nearly 18 million people respectively as of 2010, making it one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world and the second largest in the United States. Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated and one of the most ethnically diverse counties in the United States, while the entire Los Angeles area itself has been recognized as the most diverse of the nation's largest cities. The city's inhabitants are referred to as "Angelenos".
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Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh /ˈmɑːdjə prəˈdɛʃ/, abbreviated MP, often called the Heart of India, is a state in central India. Its capital is Bhopal and Indore is the largest city.
Madhya Pradesh is the second largest state by area and with over 75 million inhabitants the sixth largest state in India by population. It borders the states of Uttar Pradesh to the northeast, Chhattisgarh to the southeast, Maharashtra to the south, Gujarat to the west, and Rajasthan to the northwest.
The city of Ujjain (also known as Avanti) arose as a major center in the second wave of Indian urbanization in the sixth century BC, and served as the chief city of the kingdom of Malwa or Avanti. Further east, the kingdom of Chedi lie in Bundelkhand. Chandragupta Maurya united northern India c. 320 BC, establishing the Maurya empire (321 to 185 BC), which included all of modern-day Madhya Pradesh. King Ashoka's wife was said to come from Vidisha- a town north of today's Bhopal. The Maurya empire went into decline after the death of Asoka the Great, and Central India was contested among the Sakas, Kushanas, and local dynasties during the 3rd to 1st centuries BCE. Ujjain emerged as the predominant commercial center of western India from the first century BCE, located on the trade routes between the Ganges plain and India's Arabian Sea ports. It was also an important Hindu and Buddhist center.
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Malaysia
Malaysia (i/məˈleɪʒə/ mə-LAY-zhə or i/məˈleɪsiə/ mə-LAY-see-ə) is a federal constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia. It consists of thirteen states and three federal territories and has a total landmass of 329,847 square kilometres (127,350 sq mi) separated by the South China Sea into two similarly sized regions, Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo. Land borders are shared with Thailand, Indonesia, and Brunei, and maritime borders exist with Singapore, Vietnam, and the Philippines. The capital city is Kuala Lumpur, while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government. In 2010 the population exceeded 27.5 million, with over 20 million living on the Peninsula.
Malaysia has its origins in the Malay Kingdoms present in the area which, from the 18th century, became subject to the British Empire. The first British territories were known as the Straits Settlements, whose establishment was followed by the Malay kingdoms becoming British protectorates. The territories on Peninsular Malaysia were first unified as the Malayan Union in 1946. Malaya was restructured as the Federation of Malaya in 1948, and achieved independence on 31 August 1957. Malaya united with Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore on 16 September 1963, with si being added to give the new country the name Malaysia. However, less than two years later in 1965, Singapore was expelled from the federation. Since independence, Malaysia has had one of the best economic records in Asia, with GDP growing an average 6.5% for almost 50 years. The economy has traditionally been fuelled by its natural resources, but is expanding in the sectors of science, tourism, commerce and medical tourism.
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Malta
Maltai/ˈmɒltə/, officially known as the Republic of Malta (Maltese: Repubblika ta' Malta), is a Southern European country consisting of an archipelago situated in the centre of the Mediterranean, 80 km (50 mi) south of Sicily, 284 km (176 mi) east of Tunisia and 333 km (207 mi) north of Libya, with Gibraltar 1,755 km (1,091 mi) to the west and Alexandria 1,508 km (937 mi) to the east. Malta covers just over 316 km2 (122 sq mi) in land area, making it one of the world's smallest states. It is also one of the most densely populated countries worldwide. The de facto capital city of Malta is Valletta; the largest town, Birkirkara. The main island comprises many towns, which together form one Larger Urban Zone (LUZ) with a population of 368,250 according to Eurostat. The country has two official languages, Maltese (constitutionally the national language) and English.
Throughout history, Malta's location has given it great strategic importance, and a succession of powers including the Phoenicians, Greeks, Romans, Arabs, Normans, Aragonese, Habsburg Spain, Knights of St John, French and the British ruled the islands. Malta gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1964 and became a republic in 1974, whilst retaining membership in the Commonwealth of Nations. Malta was admitted to the United Nations in 1964 and to the European Union in 2004. Malta is also party to the Schengen Agreement and in 2008 it became part of the eurozone.
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Manila
Manila (English: /məˈnɪlə/; Tagalog: Maynila, [majˈnilaʔ]) is the capital of the Philippines. It is one of the sixteen cities (along with the smaller municipality of Pateros) that comprise Metro Manila.
Manila is located on the eastern shore of Manila Bay and is bordered by Navotas and Caloocan to the north; Quezon City to the northeast; San Juan and Mandaluyong to the east; Makati to the southeast, and Pasay to the south.
Manila has a total population of more than 1,652,171 according to the 2010 census. Manila is the second most populous city in the Philippines, behind its neighbor, Quezon City. The populace inhabit an area of only 38.55 square kilometers, making Manila the most densely populated city in the world.Metro Manila is the most populous metropolitan area in the Philippines and the 11th in the world with an estimated population of 16,300,000. The greater urban area is the fifth-most populous in the world and has an estimated metropolitan population of 20,654,307 people.
The city is divided into six legislative districts and consists of sixteen geographical districts: Binondo, Ermita, Intramuros, Malate, Paco, Pandacan, Port Area, Quiapo, Sampaloc, San Andres, San Miguel, San Nicolas, Santa Ana, Santa Cruz, Santa Mesa and Tondo. Bustling commerce and some of the most historically and culturally significant iconic landmarks in the country, as well as the seat of the executive and judicial branches of the government are to be found in the city; and it is also home to many scientific and educational institutions, numerous sport facilities, a variety of other culturally and historically significant venues. As a primary transportation hub and with the larger capital region bearing its name, there is very little of a general nature to be found in cities anywhere that Manila is lacking.
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Mexico City
Mexico City ( /ˈmɛksɨkoʊ ˈsɪti/; Spanish: Ciudad de México [sjuˈðað ðe ˈmexiko], also known as México D.F., or simply D.F.) is the Federal District (Distrito Federal), capital of Mexico and seat of the federal powers of the Mexican Union. It is a federal entity within Mexico which is not part of any one of the 31 Mexican states but belongs to the federation as a whole. Mexico City is the country's largest city as well as its most important political, cultural, educational and financial center.
As an "alpha" global city Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in North America. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de México), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen boroughs.
The 2009 estimated population for the city proper was around 8.84 million people, and has a land area of 1,485 square kilometres (573 sq mi). According to the most recent definition agreed upon by the federal and state governments, the Mexico City metropolitan area population is 21.2 million people, making it the largest metropolitan area in the western hemisphere and the fifth largest agglomeration in the world.
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Minnesota
Minnesota (i/mɪnɨˈsoʊtə/) is a U.S. state located in the Midwestern United States. Minnesota was carved out of the eastern half of the Minnesota Territory and admitted to the Union as the thirty-second state on May 11, 1858. Known as the "Land of 10,000 Lakes", the state's name comes from a Dakota word for "sky-tinted water". Those waters, together with forests, parks, and wilderness areas, offer residents and tourists a variety of outdoor recreational opportunities.
Minnesota is the 12th most extensive and the 21st most populous of the U.S. states. Nearly 60% of its residents live in the Minneapolis-Saint Paul metropolitan area (known as the "Twin Cities"), the center of transportation, business, industry and education and home to an internationally known arts community. The remainder of the state consists of western prairies now given over to intensive agriculture; deciduous forests in the southeast, now cleared, farmed and settled; and the less populated North Woods, used for mining, forestry, and recreation.
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Mississippi
Mississippi (i/ˌmɪsɨˈsɪpi/) is a U.S. state located in the Southern United States. Jackson is the state capital and largest city. The name of the state derives from the Mississippi River, which flows along its western boundary, whose name comes from the Ojibwe word misi-ziibi ("Great River"). Mississippi is the 32nd most extensive and the 31st most populous of the 50 United States. The state is heavily forested outside of the Mississippi Delta area, which was cleared for cotton cultivation in the 19th century. Today, its catfish aquaculture farms produce the majority of farm-raised catfish consumed in the United States. The state symbol is the magnolia grandiflora tree.
Mississippi is bordered on the north by Tennessee, on the east by Alabama, on the south by Louisiana and a narrow coast on the Gulf of Mexico and on the west, across the Mississippi River, by Louisiana and Arkansas.
In addition to its namesake, major rivers in Mississippi include the Big Black River, the Pearl River, the Yazoo River, the Pascagoula River, and the Tombigbee River. Major lakes include Ross Barnett Reservoir, Arkabutla Lake, Sardis Lake and Grenada Lake. The largest lake in Mississippi is Grenada Lake.
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NASA
Coordinates: 38°52′59″N 77°0′59″W / 38.88306°N 77.01639°W / 38.88306; -77.01639
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is the agency of the United States government that is responsible for the nation's civilian space program and for aeronautics and aerospace research. Since February 2006, NASA's mission statement has been to "pioneer the future in space exploration, scientific discovery and aeronautics research." On September 14, 2011, NASA announced that it had selected the design of a new Space Launch System that it said would take the agency's astronauts farther into space than ever before and provide the cornerstone for future human space exploration efforts by the U.S.
NASA was established by the National Aeronautics and Space Act on July 29, 1958, replacing its predecessor, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). The agency became operational on October 1, 1958. U.S. space exploration efforts have since been led by NASA, including the Apollo moon-landing missions, the Skylab space station, and later the Space Shuttle. Currently, NASA is supporting the International Space Station and is overseeing the development of the Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle and Commercial Crew vehicles. The agency is also responsible for the Launch Services Program (LSP) which provides oversight of launch operations and countdown management for unmanned NASA launches.
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New York City
New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. The city is referred to as New York City or The City of New York to distinguish it from the State of New York, of which it is a part. As a global power city, New York exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment. The home of the United Nations Headquarters, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural capital of the world.
Located on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which comprises a state county. The five boroughs—The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island—were consolidated into a single city in 1898. With a Census-estimated 2011 population of 8,244,910 distributed over a land area of just 305 square miles (790 km2), New York is the most densely populated major city in the United States. As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world. The New York City Metropolitan Area's population is the United States' largest, with 18.9 million people distributed over 6,720 square miles (17,400 km2), and is also part of the most populous combined statistical area in the United States, containing 22.1 million people as of the 2010 Census.
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New Zealand
New Zealand (Māori: Aotearoa) is an island country located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. The country geographically comprises two main landmasses ‒ that of the North and South Islands ‒ as well as numerous smaller islands. New Zealand is situated some 1,500 kilometres (900 mi) east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and roughly 1,000 kilometres (600 mi) south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. Because of its remoteness, it was one of the last lands to be settled by humans.
During its long isolation, New Zealand developed a distinctive biodiversity of both animal and plant life. Most notable are the large number of unique bird species, many of which became extinct after the arrival of humans and introduced mammals. With a mild maritime climate, the land was mostly covered in forest. The country's varied topography and its sharp mountain peaks owe much to the tectonic uplift of land and volcanic eruptions caused by the Pacific and Indo-Australian Plates clashing beneath the earth's surface.
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Nicaragua
Nicaragua (i/ˌnɪkəˈrɑːɡwə/ nik-ə-RAH-gwə), officially the Republic of Nicaragua (Spanish: República de Nicaragua [reˈpuβlika ðe nikaˈɾaɣwa] ( listen)), is the largest country in the Central American isthmus, bordered by Honduras to the north and Costa Rica to the south. The country is situated between 11 and 14 degrees north of the Equator in the Northern Hemisphere, which places it entirely within the tropics. The Pacific Ocean lies to the west, and the Caribbean Sea to the east. The country's physical geography divides it into three major zones: Pacific lowlands; wet, cooler central highlands; and the Caribbean lowlands. On the Pacific side of the country are the two largest fresh water lakes in Central America—Lake Managua and Lake Nicaragua. Surrounding these lakes and extending to their northwest along the rift valley of the Gulf of Fonseca are fertile lowland plains, with soil highly enriched by ash from nearby volcanoes of the central highlands. Nicaragua's abundance of biologically significant and unique ecosystems contribute to Mesoamerica's designation as a biodiversity hotspot.
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Nigeria
Nigeriai/naɪˈdʒɪəriə/, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal constitutional republic comprising 36 states and its Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The country is located in West Africa and shares land borders with the Republic of Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the north. Its coast in the south lies on the Gulf of Guinea on the Atlantic Ocean. The three largest and most influential ethnic groups in Nigeria are the Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba.
In terms of religion Nigeria is roughly split half and half between Muslims in the North and Christians in the South; a very small minority practice traditional religion. Since 2002 there have been a spate of clashes, particularly in the North of the country, between government forces and the Islamists Boko Haram, militant jihadists who seek to establish sharia law.
The people of Nigeria have an extensive history. Archaeological evidence shows that human habitation of the area dates back to at least 9000 BCE. The area around the Benue and Cross River is thought to be the original homeland of the Bantu migrants who spread across most of central and southern Africa in waves between the 1st millennium BC and the 2nd millennium.
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Nobel Peace Prize
The Nobel Peace Prize (Norwegian and Swedish: Nobels fredspris) is one of the five Nobel Prizes bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Chemistry, Physics, Physiology or Medicine, and Literature. It is awarded to those who have "done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses."
Per Alfred Nobel's will, the recipient is selected by the Norwegian Nobel Committee, a 5-member committee appointed by the Parliament of Norway. Since 1990, the prize is awarded in Oslo City Hall on 10 December each year. The prize was formerly awarded in the Atrium of the University of Oslo Faculty of Law (1947–89), the Norwegian Nobel Institute (1905–46) and the Parliament (1901–04).
According to Nobel's will, the Peace Prize shall be awarded to the person who "shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses."
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Operation Meghdoot
Operation Meghdoot was the code-name for the Indian Armed Forces operation to capture the Siachen Glacier in the disputed Kashmir region, precipitating the Siachen Conflict. Launched on 13 April 1984, this military operation was unique as the first assault launched in the world's highest battlefield. The military action resulted in Indian troops gaining control of the entire Siachen Glacier.
Today, the Indian Army deployment to forward positions along what is known as the Actual Ground Position Line (AGPL) is also sometimes inaccurately referred to as Operation Meghdoot. Up to 10 Infantry Battalions each of the Indian Army and Pakistani Army are actively deployed in altitudes up to 6,400 metres (21,000 ft).
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Pakistan
Pakistan (i/ˈpækɨstæn/ or i/pɑːkiˈstɑːn/; Urdu: پاکستان) (Urdu pronunciation: [paːkɪˈst̪aːn] (
listen)), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (Urdu: اسلامی جمہوریۂ پاکستان), is a sovereign country in South Asia. It sits at the crossroads of the strategically important regions of South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. It has a 1,046-kilometre (650 mi) coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west and north, Iran to the southwest and China in the far northeast. It is separated from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's narrow Wakhan Corridor in the north, and it shares a marine border with Oman.
The territory of modern Pakistan was the site of several ancient cultures, including the Neolithic Mehrgarh and the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation, and has undergone invasions or settlements by Hindu, Persian, Indo-Greek, Islamic, Turco-Mongol, Afghan and Sikh cultures. Thus the area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Indian Mauryan Empire, the Persian Achaemenid Empire, the Arab Umayyad Caliphate, the Mongol Empire, the Mughal Empire, the Durrani Empire, the Sikh Empire and the British Empire. As a result of the Pakistan Movement led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and India's struggle for independence, Pakistan was created in 1947 as an independent nation for Muslims from the regions in the east and west of India where there was a Muslim majority. Initially a dominion, Pakistan adopted a new constitution in 1956, becoming an Islamic republic. A civil war in 1971 resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh.
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Peru
Perui/pəˈruː/ (Spanish: Perú; Quechua: Perú;Aymara: Piruw), officially the Republic of Peru (Spanish: República del Perú, pronounced: [reˈpuβlika ðel peˈɾu] ( listen)), is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean.
Peruvian territory was home to ancient cultures, spanning from the Norte Chico civilization, one of the oldest in the world, to the Inca Empire, the largest state in Pre-Columbian America. The Spanish Empire conquered the region in the 16th century and established a Viceroyalty, which included most of its South American colonies. After achieving independence in 1821, Peru has undergone periods of political unrest and fiscal crisis as well as periods of stability and economic upswing.
Peru is a representative democratic republic divided into 25 regions. Its geography varies from the arid plains of the Pacific coast to the peaks of the Andes Mountains and the tropical forests of the Amazon Basin. It is a developing country with a high Human Development Index score and a poverty level around 31%. Its main economic activities include agriculture, fishing, mining, and manufacturing of products such as textiles.
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Poland
Polandi/ˈpoʊlənd/ (Polish: Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Polish: Rzeczpospolita Polska; Kashubian: Pòlskô Repùblika; Silesian: Polsko Republika), is a country in Central Europe, bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north. The total area of Poland is 312,679 square kilometres (120,726 sq mi), making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. Poland has a population of over 38 million people, which makes it the 34th most populous country in the world and the sixth most populous member of the European Union, being its most populous post-communist member. Poland is a unitary state made up of 16 voivodeships. Poland is a member of the European Union, NATO, the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), European Economic Area, International Energy Agency, Council of Europe, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, International Atomic Energy Agency, G6, Council of the Baltic Sea States, Visegrád Group, Weimar Triangle and Schengen Agreement.
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Russia
Russiai/ˈrʌʃə/ or /ˈrʊʃə/ (Russian: Россия, tr. Rossiya; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijə] ( listen)), also officially known as the Russian Federation (Russian: Российская Федерация, tr. Rossiyskaya Federatsiya; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijskəjə fʲɪdʲɪˈratsɨjə] ( listen)), is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both via Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It also has maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk, and the US state of Alaska by the Bering Strait. At 17,075,400 square kilometres (6,592,800 sq mi), Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than one eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area. Russia is also the eighth most populous nation with 143 million people. It extends across the whole of northern Asia and 40% of Europe, spanning nine time zones and incorporating a wide range of environments and landforms. Russia has the world's largest reserves of mineral and energy resources and is the largest producer of oil and natural gas globally. Russia has the world's largest forest reserves and its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the world's fresh water.
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Sarajevo
Sarajevo (Cyrillic: Сарајево) (pronounced [sǎrajɛʋɔ]) is the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with an estimated population of over 311,161 people within its administrative limits. It is also the capital of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina entity, as well as the center of the Sarajevo Canton, which has a population of 438,757. Nestled within the greater Sarajevo valley of Bosnia, it is surrounded by the Dinaric Alps and situated along the Miljacka River in the heart of Southeastern Europe and the Balkans.
Sarajevo is the leading social and cultural center of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and its region-wide influence in politics, education, entertainment, media, fashion, science, and the arts contribute to its status as Bosnia and Herzegovina's major economic center.
The city is historically famous for its traditional cultural and religious diversity, with adherents of Islam, Orthodoxy, Catholicism and Judaism coexisting there for centuries. Due to this long and rich history of religious and cultural variety, Sarajevo is often called the "Jerusalem of Europe" or "Jerusalem of the Balkans". It was, until recently in the 20th century, the only major European city to have a mosque, cathedral, Orthodox church and synagogue within the same neighborhood.
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Sindh
Sindh (pronounced [sɪnd̪ʱ]; Sindhi: سنڌ; Urdu: سندھ Indica in Latin, Indus in Greek) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhi people. It is also locally known as the "Mehran" and has been given the title of Bab-ul-Islam (The gateway of Islam). The name of Sindh is derived from the Indus River that separates it from Balochistan and the greater Iranian Plateau. This river was known to the ancient Iranians in Avestan as Indus, in Sanskrit as Sindhu, to Assyrians (as early as the seventh century BC) as Sinda, to the Greeks as Indos, to the Romans as Indus, to the Persians as Ab-e-sind, to the Pashtuns as "Abasind", to the Arabs as Al-Sind, to the Chinese as Sintow, and to the Javanese as the Santri.
Sindh is bounded to the west by the Indus River and Balochistan, to the north by Punjab, the east by the Indian states of Gujarat and Rajasthan and to the south by the Arabian Sea. The capital of the province is Karachi, Pakistan's largest city and financial hub. Most of the population in the province is Muslim, with sizeable Christian, Zoroastrian and Hindu minorities. The main language spoken is Sindhi by about 40 million people, while there exists a significant Urdu-speaking minority.
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Somalia
Somalia ( /soʊˈmɑːliə/ soh-MAH-lee-ə; Somali: Soomaaliya; Arabic: الصومال aṣ-Ṣūmāl), officially the Somali Republic (Somali: Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya, Arabic: جمهورية الصومال Jumhūriyyat aṣ-Ṣūmāl) and formerly known as the Somali Democratic Republic under Socialist rule, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. Since the outbreak of the Somali Civil War in 1991 there has been no central government control over most of the country's territory. The internationally recognized Transitional Federal Government controls only a small part of the country. Somalia has been characterized as a failed state and is one of the poorest and most violent states in the world.
Somalia lies in the easternmost part of Africa. It is bordered by Djibouti to the northwest, Kenya to the southwest, the Gulf of Aden with Yemen to the north, the Indian Ocean to the east, and Ethiopia to the west. It has the longest coastline on the continent, and its terrain consists mainly of plateaus, plains and highlands. Hot conditions prevail year-round, along with periodic monsoon winds and irregular rainfall.
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Soviet Union
The Soviet Union (Russian: Советский Союз, tr. Sovetsky Soyuz), officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR; Russian: Сою́з Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Респу́блик, tr. Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik; IPA: [sɐˈjus sɐˈvʲetskʲɪx sətsɨəlʲɪˈstʲitɕɪskʲɪx rʲɪsˈpublʲɪk] ( listen); abbreviated СССР, SSSR), was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991.
The Soviet Union was a single-party state ruled by the Communist Party from its foundation until 1990. A union of 15 subnational Soviet republics, the Soviet state was structured under a highly centralized government and economy.
The Russian Revolution of 1917 caused the downfall of the Russian Empire. Following the Russian Revolution, there was a struggle for power between the Bolshevik party, led by Vladimir Lenin, and the anti-communist White movement. In December 1922, the Bolsheviks won the civil war, and the Soviet Union was formed with the merger of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic.
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Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (i/ʃriː ˈlɑːŋkə/, /sriːˈlɑːŋkə/, or /sriːˈlæŋkə/;Sinhala: ශ්රී ලංකාව, Tamil: இலங்கை), is a country off the southern coast of the Indian subcontinent in South Asia. Known until 1972 as Ceylon ( /sɨˈlɒn/, /seɪˈlɒn/, or /siːˈlɒn/), Sri Lanka is an island surrounded by the Indian Ocean, the Gulf of Mannar, the Palk Strait, and lies in the vicinity of India and the Maldives.
As a result of its location in the path of major sea routes, Sri Lanka is a strategic naval link between West Asia and South East Asia. It was an important stop on the ancient Silk Road. Sri Lanka has also been a center of the Buddhist religion and culture from ancient times, being the nation where the Buddhist teachings were first written down as well as the oldest continually Buddhist country. Sri Lanka boasts a diverse range of cultures, languages and religions. The Sinhalese people form the majority of the population; Tamils, who are concentrated in the north and east of the island, form the largest ethnic minority. Other communities include Moors, Burghers, Kaffirs, Malays and the aboriginal Vedda people.
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Sweden
Sweden (i/ˈswiːdən/ SWEE-dən; Swedish: Sverige [ˈsværjɛ] ( listen)), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: Konungariket Sverige (help·info)), is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland, and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Øresund.
At 450,295 square kilometres (173,860 sq mi), Sweden is the third largest country in the European Union by area, with a total population of about 9.4 million. Sweden has a low population density of 21 inhabitants per square kilometre (54 /sq mi) with the population mostly concentrated to the southern half of the country. About 85% of the population live in urban areas. Sweden's capital city is Stockholm, which is also the largest city.
Sweden emerged as an independent and unified country during the Middle Ages. In the 17th century, the country expanded its territories to form the Swedish Empire. The empire grew to be one of the great powers of Europe in the 17th and early 18th century. Most of the conquered territories outside the Scandinavian Peninsula were lost during the 18th and 19th centuries. The eastern half of Sweden, present-day Finland, was lost to Russia in 1809. The last war in which Sweden was directly involved was in 1814, when Sweden by military means forced Norway into a personal union. Since then, Sweden has been at peace, practicing "non-participation in military alliances during peacetime and neutrality during wartime". However, Sweden has been a member of the European Union since 1 January 1995 and is a member of the OECD.
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Sydney
Sydney ( /sɪdni/) is the most populous city in Australia and the state capital of New South Wales. Sydney is classified as an Alpha+ World City indicating its influence in the region and throughout the world.
Sydney is located on Australia's south-east coast of the Tasman Sea. As of June 2010, the greater metropolitan area had an approximate population of 4.6 million people. Inhabitants of Sydney are called Sydneysiders, comprising a cosmopolitan and international population.
The site of the first British colony in Australia, Sydney was established in 1788 at Sydney Cove by Arthur Phillip, commodore of the First Fleet as a penal colony. The city is built on hills surrounding Port Jackson which is commonly known as Sydney Harbour, where the iconic Sydney Opera House and the Harbour Bridge feature prominently. The hinterland of the metropolitan area is surrounded by national parks, and the coastal regions feature many bays, rivers, inlets and beaches including the famous Bondi Beach and Manly Beach. Within the city are many notable parks, including Hyde Park and the Royal Botanic Gardens.
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The Bronx
The Bronx is the northernmost of the five boroughs of New York City. It is also known as Bronx County, the last of the 62 counties of New York State to be incorporated. Located north of Manhattan and Queens, and south of Westchester County, the Bronx is the only borough that is located primarily on the mainland (a very small portion of Manhattan, the Marble Hill neighborhood, is physically located on the mainland, due to the rerouting of the Harlem River in 1897). The Bronx's population is 1,400,761 according to the 2010 United States Census. The borough has a land area of 42 square miles (109 km2), making it the fourth-largest in land area of the five boroughs, the fourth most populated, and the third-highest in density of population.
The Bronx is divided by the Bronx River into a hillier section in the west, closer to Manhattan, and the flatter East Bronx, closer to Long Island. The West Bronx was annexed to New York City (then largely confined to Manhattan) in 1874, and the areas east of the Bronx River in 1895. The Bronx first assumed a distinct legal identity when it became a borough of Greater New York in 1898. Bronx County, with the same boundaries as the borough, was separated from New York County (afterwards coextensive with the Borough of Manhattan) as of January 1, 1914. Although the Bronx is the third-most-densely-populated county in the U.S., about a quarter of its area is open space, including Woodlawn Cemetery, Van Cortlandt Park, Pelham Bay Park, the New York Botanical Garden and the Bronx Zoo in the borough's north and center, on land deliberately reserved in the late 19th century as urban development progressed northwards and eastwards from Manhattan with the building of roads, bridges and railways.
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Turkey
Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye), known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( Türkiye Cumhuriyeti (help·info)), is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia (mostly in the Anatolian peninsula) and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan (the exclave of Nakhchivan) and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea and Cyprus are to the south; the Aegean Sea is to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. The Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles (which together form the Turkish Straits) demarcate the boundary between East Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia.
Turkey is one of the six independent Turkic states. The vast majority of the population are Muslims. The country's official language is Turkish, whereas Kurdish and Zazaki languages are spoken by Kurds and Zazas, who constitute 18% of the population.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea.
The United Kingdom is a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system, with its seat of government in the capital city of London. It is a country in its own right and consists of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. There are three devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in Belfast, Edinburgh and Cardiff, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Associated with the UK, but not constitutionally part of it, are three Crown Dependencies. The United Kingdom has fourteen overseas territories. These are remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in 1922, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land surface and was the largest empire in history. British influence can still be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former territories.
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United States
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
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Vatican City
Vatican Cityi/ˈvætɨkən ˈsɪti/, or Vatican City State, in Italian officially Stato della Città del Vaticano (pronounced [ˈstaːto della t͡ʃitˈta del vatiˈkaːno]), is a landlocked sovereign city-state whose territory consists of a walled enclave within the city of Rome, Italy. It has an area of approximately 44 hectares (110 acres), and a population of just over 800. This makes Vatican City the smallest independent state in the world by both area and population.
Vatican City State was established in 1929 by the Lateran Treaty, signed by Cardinal Secretary of State Pietro Gasparri, on behalf of Pope Pius XI and by Prime Minister and Head of Government Benito Mussolini on behalf of King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy. Vatican City State is distinct from the Holy See, which dates back to early Christianity and is the main episcopal see of 1.2 billion Latin and Eastern Catholic adherents around the globe. Ordinances of Vatican City are published in Italian; official documents of the Holy See are issued mainly in Latin. The two entities have distinct passports: the Holy See, not being a country, issues only diplomatic and service passports, whereas Vatican City State issues normal passports. In each case very few passports are issued.
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Western Australia
Coordinates: 26°0′S 121°0′E / 26°S 121°E / -26; 121
Western Australia (commonly abbreviated as WA) is a state of Australia, occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Great Australian Bight and Indian Ocean to the south, the Northern Territory to the north-east and South Australia to the south-east. Western Australia is Australia's largest state and the second-largest subnational entity in the world. The state has approximately 2.3 million inhabitants (around 10% of the national total), the majority of whom live in the south-west corner of the state.
The first European to visit Western Australia was the Dutch explorer Dirk Hartog, who visited the Western Australian coast in 1616. The British established a military outpost at King George Sound, near present-day Albany, in 1826, which was followed by the establishment of the Swan River Colony in 1829, including the townsite of the present-day capital, Perth.
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White House
The White House is the official residence and principal workplace of the President of the United States. Located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW in Washington, D.C., the house was designed by Irish-born James Hoban, and built between 1792 and 1800 of white-painted Aquia sandstone in the Neoclassical style. It has been the residence of every U.S. president since John Adams. When Thomas Jefferson moved into the house in 1801, he (with architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe) expanded the building outward, creating two colonnades that were meant to conceal stables and storage.
In 1814, during the War of 1812, the mansion was set ablaze by the British Army in the Burning of Washington, destroying the interior and charring much of the exterior. Reconstruction began almost immediately, and President James Monroe moved into the partially reconstructed house in October 1817. Construction continued with the addition of the South Portico in 1824 and the North in 1829. Because of crowding within the executive mansion itself, President Theodore Roosevelt had all work offices relocated to the newly constructed West Wing in 1901. Eight years later, President William Howard Taft expanded the West Wing and created the first Oval Office which was eventually moved as the section was expanded. The third-floor attic was converted to living quarters in 1927 by augmenting the existing hip roof with long shed dormers. A newly constructed East Wing was used as a reception area for social events; Jefferson's colonnades connected the new wings. East Wing alterations were completed in 1946, creating additional office space. By 1948, the house's load-bearing exterior walls and internal wood beams were found to be close to failure. Under Harry S. Truman, the interior rooms were completely dismantled and a new internal load-bearing steel frame constructed inside the walls. Once this work was completed, the interior rooms were rebuilt.
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Zamboanga City
The City of Zamboanga (Zamboangueño Chavacano/Spanish: Ciudad de Zamboanga; Tagalog: Lungsod ng Zamboanga; is a highly urbanized city located in Mindanao, Philippines. It is currently ranked as the 6th most populous city (807,129 population as of 2010 NSO Census) and the 3rd largest by land area in the Philippines (1,483.3849/km2 (572.738/sq mi)).
It is the seat of one of the largest number of military and police bases in the country. It is also home of the 3rd Air Division of the Edwin Andrews Air Base, which handles the Air Force of the Philippines in the city; and the 6th Naval District in Camp General Basilio Navarro also known as Western Mindanao Command, the main headquarters of Armed Forces of the Philippines in Western part of Mindanao; the Philippine Army, Philippine Marines, and Philippine Navy are assigned to that command. The "Camp Enrile" and other three military camps can be found in the city.
It is the former capital of Moro Province, now Mindanao Island, from 1903 to 1913. On September 15, 1911, the Municipalidad de Zamboanga was converted into a city by the legislative order Act. No.272. It is known as Ciudad Latina de Asia in Zamboangueño Language or Asia's Latin City in English for its strong Hispanic/Latin influence.[citation needed]
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Şanlıurfa
Şanlıurfa, pronounced [ʃanˈlɯuɾfa], often simply known as Urfa in daily language (Kurdish Riha, Arabic الرها al-Ruhā, Syriac ܐܘܪܗ Urhoy, Armenian Ուռհա Owr'ha), in ancient times Edessa, is a city with 482,323 inhabitants (2009 estimate) in south-eastern Turkey, and the capital of Şanlıurfa Province. It is a city with a predominant Kurdish and Turkmen population. Urfa is situated on a plain under big open skies, about eighty kilometres east of the Euphrates River. The climate features extremely hot, dry summers and cool, moist winters.
The city has been known by many names in history: Ուռհա Owr'ha in Armenian, ܐܘܪܗܝ Urhai in Syriac, ره, الرها, al-Ruhā in Arabic and Ορρα, Orrha in Greek (also Ορροα, Orrhoa). For a while it was named Callirrhoe or Antiochia on the Callirhoe (Ancient Greek: Αντιόχεια η επί Καλλιρρόης). During Byzantine rule it was named Justinopolis. Prior to Turkish rule, it was often best known by the name given it by the Seleucids, Εδεσσα, Edessa.
Şanlı (from Arabic shan (شأن) "dignity" + Turkish adjectival suffix -lı) means "great, glorious, dignified" in Turkish, and Urfa was officially renamed Şanlıurfa (Urfa the Glorious) by the Turkish Grand National Assembly in 1984, in recognition of the local resistance in the Turkish War of Independence. The title was achieved following repeated requests by the city's members of parliament, desirous to earn a title similar to those of neighbouring cities 'Gazi' (veteran) Antep and 'Kahraman' (Heroic) Maraş.
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A Fine Frenzy
Alison Sudol (born December 23, 1984), known professionally as A Fine Frenzy, is an American alternative singer-songwriter and pianist. Her debut album, One Cell in the Sea, was released in 2007, followed in 2009 by Bomb in a Birdcage. Sudol's songs have charted in the United States, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Poland, and France, among other countries. Her music has also been featured on numerous television shows and featured in several major motion pictures. According to her official website, A Fine Frenzy's upcoming album, Pines, will be released in mid- to late-2012.
Born in Seattle, Washington to two dramatic arts teachers, Sudol and both parents moved to Los Angeles after their divorce when she was five years old. She grew up listening to a wide range of music, including Aretha Franklin, Ella Fitzgerald, and swing. She has stated that her roots are "Scottish, Irish, Polish, and 'a bit' of German."
She graduated from high school at the age of 16, and considered herself "nerdy and quiet." Sudol did not "drink or smoke or do anything like that." She stated in an interview "I was so nervous about going into college like that and super young. I figured I would take two years and try to find out what I was doing with music. And when I was 18, I was just so deep into it that I didn't want to stop."
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AB de Villiers
Abraham Benjamin de Villiers (born 17 February 1984, Pretoria, Transvaal Province, South Africa) more commonly known by his initials AB is a South African cricketer and captain of the South African One Day International (ODI) and Twenty20 teams, having succeeded Graeme Smith in both roles after the 2011 Cricket World Cup. He is also part of Royal Challengers Bangalore in the Indian Premier League.
De Villiers is a right-handed batsman, who, in a very short space of time, has accumulated many runs in Tests including centuries against England, India, the West Indies and Australia. He has been dismissed in the 90s on five occasions in Tests. He still holds the record for most Test innings without registering a duck (78), before being dismissed for nought against Bangladesh in November 2008. He also holds the record for the highest individual score by a South African batsman in an innings, with 278*. He is an occasional wicketkeeper for the South African cricket team, and is commonly regarded as one of the best fielders currently in international cricket. AB de Villiers blasted the seventh fastest century in ODI cricket, in 58 balls, when he slammed an unbeaten 102 off just 59 balls against India in Ahmedabad in February 2010. He reached the top of the Test Batting rankings in March 2012.
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Adam Lamberg
Adam Matthew Lamberg (born September 14, 1984) is an American actor, perhaps best known for his portrayal of David "Gordo" Gordon in the Disney Channel series Lizzie McGuire from 2001 through 2004.
Lamberg was born in New York City, the son of Suzanne, a public high school teacher, and Marc Lamberg. His father is Jewish and his mother is French Canadian; Lamberg considers himself to be a "cultural Jew."
Lamberg attended the University of California, Berkeley, where he majored in Geography.
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Adam Loewen
Adam Alexander Loewen (born April 9, 1984 in Surrey, British Columbia) is a Canadian professional baseball outfielder and infielder for the New York Mets of Major League Baseball. He bats and throws left-handed. He is 6'6" tall and weighs 220 pounds.
Loewen grew up in Surrey, British Columbia, and was both a starting pitcher and first baseman for the team that represented Canada at the 1996 Little League World Series in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. He would go on to attend Fraser Valley Christian High School and play baseball for the Fraser Valley Chiefs of the British Columbia Premier Baseball League. While playing for the Chiefs, Loewen was selected as the fourth pick in the 2002 Major League Baseball Draft by the Baltimore Orioles. This was the highest a Canadian player had ever been drafted until righthander Jameson Taillon was drafted 2nd overall by the Pittsburgh Pirates.
Loewen went on to play one season with Chipola College, but signed a Major League Baseball contract with Baltimore worth $4.02 million shortly thereafter. In 2004, he was named their top prospect by Baseball America. However, by early 2006, he had been downgraded to the team's second best prospect.
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Adam Malik
Adam Malik Batubara (22 July 1917 – 5 September 1984) was Indonesia's third vice president, a senior diplomat, and one of the pioneers of Indonesian journalism.
Malik was born in Pematang Siantar, North Sumatra, Dutch East Indies to Abdul Malik Batubara and Salamah Lubis. He is from a Batak Muslim family of Batubara clan. After completing Junior High School, he received his first job as a shopkeeper, filling in time by reading books and increasing his knowledge.
Malik quickly developed an interest in politics and aged just 17, became the Chairman of the Pematang Siantar branch of Partindo (Indonesia Party). In this position, Malik campaigned for the Dutch Colonial Government to grant independence to Indonesia. As a result of this, Malik was put in prison for disobeying the Colonial Government's ban on political assemblies. Once he was freed, Malik left Pematang Siantar for Jakarta.
After leaving hometown, Malik pursued a job as a journalist. He wrote for Partindo's Party Magazine and Pelita Andalas Newspaper. In 1937, along with like-minded colleagues, Malik formed ANTARA. ANTARA would develop to become Indonesia's national news agency.
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Ahmed Sékou Touré
Ahmed Sékou Touré (var. Ahmed Seku Ture) (January 9, 1922 – March 26, 1984) was an African political leader and President of Guinea from 1958 to his death in 1984. Touré was one of the primary Guinean nationalists involved in the independence of the country from France.
Sékou Touré was born on January 9, 1922 into a poor Mandinka family in Faranah, French Guinea, while a colonial possession of France. He was an aristocratic member of the Mandinka ethnic group and was the great-grandson of Samory Touré, who had resisted French rule until his capture.
Touré's early life was characterized by challenges of authority, including during his education. Touré was obliged to work to take care of himself. He began working for the Postal Services (PTT), and quickly became involved in Labor Union activity. During his youth and after becoming president, Touré studied the works of communist philosophers, especially those of Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin.
Touré's first work in a political group was in the Postal Workers Union (PTT). In 1945, he was one of the founders of their labour Union, becoming the general secretary of the postal workers' union in 1945. In 1952, he became the leader of the Guinean Democratic Party which was local section of the RDA (African Democratic Rally, French: Rassemblement Démocratique Africain) , a party agitating for the decolonization of Africa. In 1956 he organized the Union Générale des Travailleurs d'Afrique Noire, a common trade union centre for French West Africa. He was a leader of the RDA, working closely with a future rival, Félix Houphouët-Boigny, who later became the president of the Côte d'Ivoire. In 1956 he was elected Guinea's deputy to the French national assembly and mayor of Conakry, positions he used to launch pointed criticisms of the colonial regime
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Ai Iwamura
Ai Iwamura (岩村愛, Iwamura Ai?), also known as Aiko Iwamura (岩村愛子, Iwamura Aiko?) is a Japanese actress.
Iwamura is best known for her role as Mai in Battle Royale. Iwamura also fulfills some "stand-in" roles as Izumi Kanai, Noriko Nakagawa, Hirono Shimizu, and Haruka Tanizawa [1]. Iwamura also stars as Mai in Battle Royale II: Requiem. She also voiced MarineAngemon in the anime Digimon Tamers.
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Alan Berg
Alan Berg (January 1, 1934 – June 18, 1984) was a Jewish American attorney and Denver, Colorado talk radio show host. Berg was notable for his largely liberal, outspoken viewpoints and confrontational interview style.
On the evening of June 18, 1984, Berg was fatally shot in the driveway of his Denver town home by members of the white nationalist group, The Order. He died immediately. Ultimately, two members of The Order, David Lane and Bruce Pierce, were convicted for their involvement in the case, though neither of homicide.
Alan Berg's life and death were chronicled in the book, Talked to Death: The Life and Murder of Alan Berg by Stephen Singular. The book was an inspiration for the films Betrayed and Talk Radio.
Alan Berg was a native of Chicago, Illinois. He attended the University of Colorado Denver before transferring to the University of Denver. At age 22, Berg was one of the youngest people to pass the Illinois state bar examination and he went into practice in Chicago. However, he began to experience neuromuscular seizures and he had become an alcoholic. His then-wife, Judith Lee Berg (née Halpern), convinced him to quit his practice to seek help. They moved to Denver, her hometown, and he entered rehabilitation voluntarily. Although he completed his treatment, he continued to be plagued by seizures. He was ultimately diagnosed with a brain tumor. After it was surgically removed, he made a full recovery. For the rest of his life, Alan Berg wore long bangs (fringe) to hide the surgical scars.
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Alan Hutton
Alan Hutton (born 30 November 1984 in Penilee, Glasgow) is a Scottish footballer who plays as a right back for English Premier League club Aston Villa and the Scotland national football team.
Hutton joined Rangers on 4 September 2000. He made his debut against Partick Thistle in a Scottish Premier League match on 22 December 2002. It was his first and last appearance that season; however, he made eleven appearances during 2003–04, scoring his first goal against Dunfermline Athletic at Ibrox on 23 March 2004.
He made twelve appearances during 2004–05 as the club won both the Scottish Premier League title and the Scottish League Cup. He broke his leg in February 2005 whilst playing in an SPL match against Kilmarnock, and was sidelined for eight months. The 2005–06 season proved to be difficult for Rangers domestically, and Hutton only made twenty three appearances in the first team, competing with Dutchman Fernando Ricksen for the right back position.
Hutton signed a new five-year contract with Rangers in the summer of 2007. He started the 2007–08 season well and played a part in Rangers' opening UEFA Champions League group match victories against VfB Stuttgart and Olympique Lyonnais. He made a total of 94 league appearances, scoring two league goals against Dunfermline and Hibernian in six years with the Ibrox club, with further goals against Partizan Belgrade in the UEFA Cup and East Stirlingshire in the Scottish Cup.
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Alessandra De Rossi
Alessandra Tiotangco Schiavone is a Filipina-Italian actress in the Philippines known by her stage name Alessandra De Rossi.
(1984-07-19) July 19, 1984 (age 27) She starred in Mga Munting Tinig (Small Voices) and Homecoming, where she portrayed a Canadian-based domestic worker who visited her home in a rural town in the Philippines, bringing with her the deadly disease SARS which she spreads among the residents.
De Rossi won the part of Valentina, the villainess of the comic turned fantaserye (fantasy TV series), Darna, which aired on GMA network in 2005.
She starred in the Singapore-based horror film The Maid where she played the lead role of Rosa, a housemaid in Singapore.
She moved back to ABS-CBN for a special role in I Love Betty La Fea. She was later cast in Tayong Dalawa, where she played as Greta Romano.
She works as endorser for lingerie of Soda Company.
She previously appeared several in ABS-CBN show's such I Love Betty La Fea, Komiks Presents: Dragonna, Tayong Dalawa, Agua Bendita and Green Rose.She is back on GMA Network and join the cast of Sinner of Saint.
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Alex Smith
Alexander Douglas Smith (born May 7, 1984) is a professional American football player and starting quarterback for the San Francisco 49ers. Smith was drafted with the 1st-overall pick in the 1st round of the 2005 NFL Draft by San Francisco from the University of Utah. He started his first game during Week 5 of his rookie season, replacing former starter Tim Rattay. Though he started a total of seven games that season, he did not play well, throwing only one touchdown to eleven interceptions. In 2006, he was named the starting quarterback before the season and started all 16 games for the team, as well as seven games of the 2007 season. Nagging shoulder injuries would keep him out of eight games in 2007, and following shoulder surgery, he missed all of 2008. He returned in 2009 and alternated as starting quarterback with Shaun Hill. He went into the 2010 season as the team's primary starting quarterback, but shoulder injuries again kept him on the sideline for several games. He was named the team's starter for 2011 and started every game of the 2011 season. He helped lead the 49ers to a 13-3 regular season record in 2011. On March 20, 2012 he signed a new 3-year contract with the San Francisco 49ers worth a reported $24 million.
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Alexander Farnerud
Alexander Farnerud (born 1 May 1984) is a Swedish footballer who plays for BSC Young Boys in Switzerland as a midfielder.
His older brother, Pontus, is also a former Swedish international, and a midfielder.
Born in Helsingborg, Farnerud made his professional debuts for Landskrona BoIS, scoring in one of his first top flight matches, a 2–1 home win against reigning champions Hammarby IF.
In November 2003, he was bought by France's RC Strasbourg, being an automatic first-choice in his two-and-a-half-season spell. In his first and third Ligue 1 seasons, Farnerud played alongside older brother Pontus, who was first loaned by AS Monaco FC, then acquired.
Upon Strasbourg 2006 relegation, Farnerud moved to VfB Stuttgart in Germany, on a four-year deal. He was used sporadically during the course of two seasons, appearing nine times for the 2007 Bundesliga champions.
On 8 July 2008, Farnerud signed with Brøndby IF. On 18 January 2011, he changed teams and countries again, joining Swiss club BSC Young Boys for an undisclosed fee, until 2014.
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Alexander Trocchi
Alexander Whitelaw Robertson Trocchi (30 July 1925 – 15 April 1984) was a Scottish novelist.
Trocchi was born in Glasgow to a Scottish mother and Italian father. After working as a seaman on the Murmansk convoys, he attended University of Glasgow. On graduation he obtained a traveling grant that enabled him to relocate to continental Europe. In the early 1950s, he lived in Paris and edited the literary magazine Merlin, which published Henry Miller, Samuel Beckett, Christopher Logue, and Pablo Neruda, amongst others. Although not published in Merlin, American writer Terry Southern, who lived in Paris from 1948−1952, became a close friend of both Trocchi and his colleague Richard Seaver, and the three later co-edited the anthology Writers In Revolt (1962). Though established somewhat in rivalry with the Paris Review, George Plimpton also had served on Merlin's editorial board. Trocchi claimed that this journal came to an end when the US State Department canceled its many subscriptions in protest over an article by Jean-Paul Sartre praising the homoeroticism of Jean Genet.
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Alexandra Kosteniuk
Alexandra Konstantinovna Kosteniuk (Russian: Александра Константиновна Костенюк; born April 23, 1984 in Perm) is a Russian chess Grandmaster and a former Women's World Chess Champion.
Kosteniuk learned to play chess at the age of five after being taught by her father. She has a younger sister named Oxana, who is a FIDE master level chess player.
In 2001, at the age of 17, she reached the final of the World Women's Chess Championship, but was defeated by Zhu Chen. Three years later, she became European women's champion by winning the tournament in Dresden, Germany. She also won the 2005 Russian Women's Championship, held in Samara, Russia, finishing with a score of +7 =4 −0. In August 2006, she became the first Chess960 women's world champion after beating Germany's top female player Elisabeth Pähtz 5.5–2.5. She defended that title successfully in 2008 by beating Kateryna Lahno 2.5–1.5. However, her greatest success so far has been to win the Women's World Chess Championship 2008, beating in the final the young Chinese prodigy Hou Yifan, with a score of 2.5–1.5.
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Alexis Korner
Alexis Korner (19 April 1928 — 1 January 1984) was a blues musician and radio broadcaster, who has sometimes been referred to as "a Founding Father of British Blues". A major influence on the sound of the British music scene in the 1960s, Korner was instrumental in bringing together various English blues musicians.
Alexis Andrew Nicholas Koerner was born in Paris to an Austrian Jewish father and a half-Turkish half-Greek mother, and spent his childhood in France, Switzerland, and North Africa. He arrived in London in 1940 at the start of World War II. One memory of his youth was listening to a record by black pianist Jimmy Yancey during a German air raid. Korner said, "From then on all I wanted to do was play the blues."
After the war, he played piano and guitar (his first guitar was built by friend and author Sydney Hopkins, who wrote Mister God, This Is Anna), and in 1949 joined Chris Barber's Jazz Band where he met blues harmonica player Cyril Davies. They started playing together as a duo, formed the influential London Blues and Barrelhouse Club in 1955, and made their first record together in 1957. Korner made his first official record on Decca Records DFE 6286 in the company of Ken Colyer's Skiffle Group. His talent extended to playing mandolin on one of the tracks of this rare British EP, recorded in London on 28 July 1955. Korner brought many American blues artists, previously unknown in England, to perform.
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Alfred Kastler
Alfred Kastler (May 3, 1902 – January 7, 1984) was a French physicist, and Nobel Prize laureate.
Kastler was born in Guebwiller (Alsace) and later attended the Lycée Bartholdi in Colmar, Alsace, and École Normale Supérieure in Paris in 1921. After his studies, in 1926 he began teaching physics at the Lycée of Mulhouse, and then taught at the University of Bordeaux, where he was a university professor until 1941. Georges Bruhat asked him to come back to the École Normale Supérieure, where he finally obtained a chair in 1952.
Collaborating with Jean Brossel, he researched quantum mechanics, the interaction between light and atoms, and spectroscopy. Kastler, working on combination of optical resonance and magnetic resonance, developed the technique of "optical pumping". Those works led to the completion of the theory of lasers and masers.
He won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1966 "for the discovery and development of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms".
He was president of the board of the Institut d'optique théorique et appliquée.
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Alicia Hollowell
Alicia Kay Hollowell (born February 29, 1984) is a former four-time NCAA Division I All-American, right-handed softball pitcher from Suisun, California. She attended Fairfield High School from 1998-2002. She pitched for the Arizona Wildcats from 2003-2006, collecting 144 career wins (the fourth most in NCAA Division I history) and 1,768 strikeouts (the sixth most in NCAA Division I history). She currently holds the Arizona Wildcats records for career wins, strikeouts and strikeout ratio. Hollowell once held the NCAA Women's College World Series strikeout record, and won the 2006 NCAA Softball World Series title. She was drafted by the Arizona Heat in the National Pro Fastpitch but went on to play for the Akron Racers in 2007, leading them to the championship series before serving as an alternate for the Olympic softball team in 2008. For her collegiate career, Hollowell is one of five pitchers to win 100 games, strikeout 1,000 batters, keep a -1.00 ERA and average double digit strikeouts.
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Allana Slater
Allana Amy Slater (born 3 April 1984 in Perth, Western Australia) is a retired Australian artistic gymnast. The Australian senior all-around National Champion in 2000, 2003 and 2004 and a multiple medalist at the Commonwealth Games, Slater is considered to be one of Australia's most internationally successful gymnasts.
Allana Slater was born in Western Australia on 3 April 1984. She is an only child. Her father died in 1997 in a plane crash in Indonesia while she was competing in the Junior Pacific Alliance Championships.
Slater began gymnastics in a toddler program at Kalajos School of Gymnastics at 16 months of age, at the suggestion of a family doctor, who thought it would help treat her sleep apnea and increase her strength.[citation needed] When she was 5 years old, she was spotted by talent scouts from the Western Australian Institute of Sport (WAIS) and invited her to join their elite development program. She began training in the WAIS program just after her 6th birthday. Slater made her national competition debut at the age of 9 and her international debut at 11.[citation needed]
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Alvin Banks
Alvin Banks II (born August 25, 1984 in Hampton, Virginia) is an American football running back who is currently a free agent. He was originally signed by the Jets as an undrafted free agent in 2007. He played college football at James Madison.
Banks was a member of the 2004 National Championship JMU Dukes team. Banks also received the Gary Clark Award, Offensive MVP, for the years 2003 and 2005. Alvin Banks had 2,694 Running Yards(3rd in JMU History); 28 rushing touchdowns(4th in JMU History); 57 receptions/596 yards/4 touchdowns. In 2005, he was recognized as a 2nd Team All Atlantic-10 player. Banks played in the 2006 North South All Star Classic football game.
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Amelia Vega
Amelia Vega Polanco (born November 7, 1984 in Santiago de los Caballeros, Dominican Republic) is a Dominican model and beauty pageant title holder. She became the first Dominican woman to be named Miss Universe, in 2003. At the age of 18, she was the youngest winner since 1994.
Vega's father, Otto Vega, is a general medical practitioner with offices in New York City and Miami. Her mother, Patricia Polanco Álvarez, is a licenced Pilot and was also a previous national titleholder who represented the Dominican Republic in 1980 at the Miss World pageant. Vega is the niece of the Grammy Award–winning singer Juan Luis Guerra and the wife of NBA player Al Horford. They got married on December 24, 2011 .
After winning the Miss Dominican Republic Universe title, Vega represented the Dominican Republic in the Miss Universe 2003 pageant held in Panama City, Panama on June 3, 2003. She became the only titleholder from this country to win the title.
Vega was crowned in Panama. She wore a white evening gown during the competition, which featured strings of beads on the sleeves.
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Amelle Berrabah
Amelle Berrabah (born 22 April 1984) is a British singer, songwriter and member of pop girl group the Sugababes since replacing founding member Mutya Buena in the group in December 2005. She achieved a solo number one single in 2009 after collaborating with Tinchy Stryder on their single "Never Leave You", making her the first and to date only member of the Sugababes to achieve a number one single outside of the group.
Berrabah was born in Aldershot, Hampshire to Berber Moroccan parents. She has four sisters, younger sisters Samiya and Laila, older sisters Zakiya and Nora and a brother Khaled. Her family owned a kebab shop in Aldershot. Berrabah's father died of cancer in 2002.
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America Ferrera
America Georgina Ferrera (born April 18, 1984) is an American actress and producer. She is best known for her leading role as Betty Suarez on the ABC television series Ugly Betty (2006–2010). Her portrayal garnered critical acclaim, and she won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy, the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Comedy Series, and the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series. She transitioned to a film career, starring in several films aimed at young audiences, including, Real Women Have Curves, The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants, its sequel Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants 2, and The Dry Land, and had a small role in the skateboard biopic Lords of Dogtown (2005). In addition, she was the voice of Astrid the Viking in the Dreamworks animated picture How to Train Your Dragon.
Ferrera, the youngest of six children, was born in Los Angeles, California. Her parents, América Griselda Ayes and Carlos Gregorio Ferrera, were originally from Tegucigalpa, Honduras, and immigrated to the United States in the mid-1970s. Her mother worked as the director of the housecleaning staff for Hilton Hotels, and stressed the importance of higher education. When she was 7, her parents divorced and her father returned to Honduras. Ferrera's father died in 2010.
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Andre Iguodala
Andre Tyler Iguodala (born January 28, 1984) is an American professional basketball small forward with the Philadelphia 76ers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Iguodala is listed at 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) and 207 lbs. (94 kg). Iguodala played his high school basketball for Lanphier High School in Springfield, Illinois. He later attended the University of Arizona, playing for two years before declaring for the 2004 NBA Draft, where he was drafted 9th overall by the Philadelphia 76ers. Iguodala is a swingman, meaning he can play the shooting guard or small forward positions. As an NBA player Iguodala is known for his ability to defend, his great athleticism and his ability to run his team playing the role of a point forward.
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Andrea Casiraghi
Andrea Albert Pierre Casiraghi (born 8 June 1984) is the eldest son of Caroline, Princess of Hanover, and her second husband Stefano Casiraghi, and the grandson of Rainier III, Prince of Monaco, and American actress Grace Kelly. He is currently the second in the line of succession to the Monegasque throne, meaning that if the reigning Prince of Monaco, his uncle Prince Albert II, dies without legitimate children, then Casiraghi is likely to adopt the surname Grimaldi and someday become the Prince of Monaco.
Casiraghi was born as Andrea Albert Pierre Casiraghi on 8 June 1984 in the Princess Grace Hospital Centre, Monte Carlo, Monaco. His mother Princess Caroline of Monaco is the eldest daughter of Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (1923 – 2005), and his wife Grace Kelly (1929 – 1982). His father Stefano Casiraghi (1960 – 1990) was an Italian businessman and athlete. Casiraghi was named after his father's childhood friend, his maternal uncle Prince Albert and his maternal great-grandfather Prince Pierre, Duke of Valentinois. At his mother's request, he was given no title. Casiraghi's godparents are his maternal aunt Princess Stéphanie and his paternal uncle Marco Casiraghi. His younger sister Charlotte Marie Pomeline was born on 3 August 1986, and his younger brother Pierre Stefano Rainier on 5 September 1987.
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Andrea Leeds
Andrea Leeds (August 14, 1914 – May 21, 1984) was an American film actress. A popular supporting player of the late 1930s, Leeds was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in Stage Door (1937). She was progressing to leading roles, when she retired from acting following her marriage in 1939, and was later a successful horse breeder.
Born Antoinette Lees in Butte, Montana, she began her film career in 1934 playing bit parts and using her given name. As Andrea Leeds she played her first substantial role in the film Come and Get It (1936) and achieved another success with her next film It Could Happen to You (1937).
As part of an ensemble cast that included Katharine Hepburn, Ginger Rogers and Lucille Ball, Leeds was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance as an aspiring actress in Stage Door (1937). She read for the role of Melanie in Gone with the Wind, however the role was given to Olivia de Havilland.
Her wholesome quality led to her being cast in The Goldwyn Follies (1938) playing "Miss Humanity" - a woman considered by a jaded Hollywood executive to represent the ideal American woman. The film was not a success and received poor reviews.
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Andreas Kofler
Andreas Kofler (born 17 May 1984 in Innsbruck) is an Austrian ski jumper, competing for the Austrian Ski Federation (ÖSV).
Andreas Kofler grew up in Tyrol, in the Austrian Alps. He is a member of the ski jumping club SV Innsbruck-Bergisel, together with Gregor Schlierenzauer.
Kofler won his first individual competition in the World Cup on 4 February 2006. Two days later, he came in second place in the team competition. At the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy, Kofler won the silver medal in the individual competition, finishing only 0.1 points behind Thomas Morgenstern, his teammate on the squad with whom he would later win the Olympic gold medal in the team competition. At the Nordic Ski World Championships 2007 in Sapporo, Japan, Kofler won the gold medal in the team competition and finished in sixth place in the individual competition. At the end of the season, he arrived in second place at the Nordic Tournament, beaten only by Adam Małysz.
After starting well into the 2007-2008 season, finishing in second place behind Morgenstern twice, Kofler crashed twice during competitions, in Engelberg and in Oberstdorf. Despite not being seriously injured, Kofler struggled to shake off his poor form for this and the next season.
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Andrew Bogut
Andrew Michael Bogut (born 28 November 1984) is an Australian professional basketball player who plays for the Golden State Warriors of the National Basketball Association (NBA).
Bogut was selected first overall by the Bucks in the 2005 NBA Draft. The 7-foot (2.13m), 260-pound (118 kg) center was a star at the University of Utah for two years before declaring for the draft. Bogut is the first Australian player to be drafted number one overall. He was also the second Utah player to be drafted number one overall.
Bogut was born to Croatian immigrants Mišo and Ankica (née Jurišić) Bogut in the Melbourne suburb of Endeavour Hills. His father is from Osijek and his mother was a native of Karlovac. Bogut grew up playing Australian rules football and tennis in addition to basketball. In his childhood, he patterned his basketball game after Toni Kukoc. As a 15-year-old, he was cut from the Victoria junior state representative team. That experience apparently drove him to improve; he later went on to attend the Australian Institute of Sport, with whom he would tour the United States in 2001 and 2002. In his last season at AIS, he averaged 29 points, 14.5 rebounds and 2.7 blocks per game while competing in the SEABL. He went on to lead the Australian team that won the 2003 FIBA Junior World Championships, and was named the tournament MVP.
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Andrés Iniesta
Andrés Iniesta Luján (Spanish pronunciation: [anˈdɾes iˈnjesta luˈxan]; born 11 May 1984) is a Spanish football player. He currently plays as a central midfielder for La Liga club FC Barcelona, and the Spanish national team.
Iniesta came through La Masia, the Barcelona youth academy, and impressed from an early age. He made his first-team debut in 2002, aged 18. He began playing regularly during the 2004–05 season, and has remained in the side ever since. He was an integral part of the sextuple-winning Barcelona side in 2009, the only time which a club has achieved six titles in a year.
Iniesta played for Spain at Under-16, Under-19 and Under-21 levels, before making his international debut in 2006. He was selected for the 2006 FIFA World Cup, playing one game, as Spain went out in the second round. He helped Spain qualify for Euro 2008, and played an important role in the side as they went on to win the competition, playing every game and being selected in the UEFA Team of the Tournament. Iniesta was selected for the 2010 FIFA World Cup and was a key member of the victorious Spanish side; he scored the winning goal in the final against the Netherlands, also being named Man of the Match, and was selected in the tournament's All-Star Team. He was also the Man of the Match for two other World Cup games.
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Andy Kaufman
Andrew Geoffrey "Andy" Kaufman (January 17, 1949 – May 16, 1984) was an American entertainer, actor and performance artist. While often referred to as a comedian, Kaufman did not consider himself to be one. He disdained telling jokes and engaging in comedy as it was traditionally understood, referring to himself instead as a "song-and-dance man." Elaborate hoaxes and pranks were major elements of his career. His act maintains a cult following and he continues to be respected among comedians for his original material, performance style, and unflinching commitment to character.
Kaufman was born in New York City, on January 17, 1949, the first son of Janice (née Bernstein) and Stanley Kaufman. He grew up in a middle-class Jewish family, in Great Neck, Long Island, New York, and began performing at age nine. He attended the now defunct two-year Grahm Junior College, in Boston, graduating in 1971. He then began performing stand-up comedy at various small clubs along the East Coast.
Kaufman first caught major attention with a character known as Foreign Man, who claimed to be from Caspiar (a fictional island in the Caspian Sea) and would appear on the stage of comedy clubs to play a recording of the theme from the Mighty Mouse cartoon show and sing only the chorus. He would proceed to tell a few jokes and perform a number of impersonations such as television character Archie Bunker or President Richard Nixon. Some variations of this performance were broadcast in the first season of Saturday Night Live; the Mighty Mouse number was featured in the October 11, 1975 premiere, while the joke-telling and Bunker impression were included in the November 8 broadcast that same fall.
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Ann Little
Ann Little (February 7, 1891 – May 21, 1984) was an American film actress whose career was most prolific during the silent film era of the early 1910s through the early 1920s.
Born Mary Brooks on a ranch near the town of Mount Shasta, California, she began appearing in a traveling stock theater group after graduating high school. After briefly relocating to San Francisco, California in the early 1910s, she made the transition to films; first appearing in one-reel Western shorts with actor and director Broncho Billy Anderson. Her first film appearance was in the 1911 release The Indian Maiden's Lesson as a Native American named 'Red Feather'. Little would often appear as Native American characters in many of her earliest films
By 1912, Little was appearing regularly in Thomas H. Ince directed Western-themed serials, often as an "Indian princess" and usually starring opposite Francis Ford, Grace Cunard, Olive Tell, Jack Conway, Ethel Grandin, early American child actress Mildred Harris and notable early cowboy star Art Acord for Essanay Studios. Between 1911 and 1914, Little would appear in approximately sixty shorts, the overwhelming majority of them Westerns and many of them serials that ran in installments. Other notable co-stars of the era included Harold Lockwood, Jane Wolfe, William Worthington, Tom Chatterton, and actor/director Frank Borzage.
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Anna Anderson
Anna Anderson (16 December 1896 – 12 February 1984) was the best known of several impostors who claimed to be Grand Duchess Anastasia of Russia. The real Anastasia, the youngest daughter of the last Tsar and Tsarina of Russia, Nicholas II and Alexandra, was killed along with her parents and siblings on 17 July 1918 by communist revolutionaries in Ekaterinburg, Russia; but the location of her body was unknown until 2008.
In 1920, Anderson was institutionalized in a mental hospital after a suicide attempt in Berlin. At first, she went by the name Fräulein Unbekannt (German for Miss Unknown) as she refused to reveal her identity. Later she used the name Tschaikovsky and then Anderson. In March 1922, claims that Anderson was a Russian grand duchess first received public attention. Most members of Grand Duchess Anastasia's family and those who had known her, including court tutor Pierre Gilliard, said Anderson was an impostor but others were convinced she was Anastasia. In 1927, a private investigation funded by the Tsarina's brother, Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse, identified Anderson as Franziska Schanzkowska, a Polish factory worker with a history of mental illness. After a lawsuit lasting many years, the German courts ruled that Anderson had failed to prove she was Anastasia, but through media coverage, her claim gained notoriety.
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Anna Bessonova
Anna Bessonova (Ukrainian: Ганна Володимирівна Безсонова/Hanna Volodymyrivna Bessonova; Russian: Анна Владимировна Бессонова/Anna Vladimirovna Bessonova) (born July 29, 1984) is a former Individual Rhythmic Gymnast who was born in Kiev, Ukraine. Her father is the Dynamo Kiev football player Vladimir Bessonov and her mother, Viktoria, was a two time world champion group rhythmic gymnast.
Bessonova began rhythmic gymnastics at age 5. Her mother would have rather seen her daughter on the ballet stage, however, Bessonova decided on rhythmic gymnastics. She is coached by the mother/daughter combination of Albina and Irina Deriugina at the Deriugins School in Kiev.
Since 2003, when Bessonova was 19, she became a leader of the Ukrainian National Team. During ten years Anna Bessonova entered the top gymnasts list.
In 2003 Bessonova became twice World Champion - she won the Hoop Event Final (Anna performed her hoop routine by music from ballet Swan Lake, this routine is still one of her best) as well as the Clubs Final. In the Budapest World Championships Anna Bessonova was very close to the All Around title, but a drop during the ball routine made her Silver medalist.
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Anna Nalick
Anna Christine Nalick (born March 30, 1984) is an American singer-songwriter. Her debut album, Wreck of the Day, featuring her first radio hit, "Breathe (2 AM)", was released on April 19, 2005. Nalick left her label under Sony in 2009 after a falling-out surrounding the release of her second album. On March 2, 2011, Nalick announced her new album "Broken Doll and Odds and Ends" to be released May 2011, but after several delays, the album was released on June 5.
A key memory of her childhood is the fifth grade math class where she would stop paying attention and instead rewrite the lyrics to a Cranberries song. She grew up in a family where two of the grandparents had performed on Broadway, and where her parents exposed her to a number of different artists, including Elvis Presley and Led Zeppelin. Nalick also considers Billie Holiday, Jeff Buckley, John Mayer, U2, and Fiona Apple to be some of her early influences and inspirations. She also cited other influences as Tori Amos, Blind Melon, and Stevie Ray Vaughan, in a 2005 interview.
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Ansel Adams
Ansel Easton Adams (February 20, 1902 – April 22, 1984) was an American photographer and environmentalist, best known for his black-and-white photographs of the American West, especially in Yosemite National Park.
With Fred Archer, Adams developed the Zone System as a way to determine proper exposure and adjust the contrast of the final print. The resulting clarity and depth characterized his photographs and the work of those to whom he taught the system. Adams primarily used large-format cameras despite their size, weight, setup time, and film cost, because their high resolution helped ensure sharpness in his images.
Adams founded the Group f/64 along with fellow photographers Willard Van Dyke and Edward Weston. Adams's photographs are reproduced on calendars, posters, and in books, making his photographs widely distributed.
Adams was born in the Western Addition of San Francisco, California, to distinctly upper-class parents Charles Hitchcock Adams and Olive Bray Adams. He was an only child and was named after his uncle Ansel Easton. His mother's family came from Baltimore and his maternal grandfather had a successful freight-hauling business, but squandered his wealth in failed mining and real estate ventures in Nevada. The Adams family came from New England, having migrated from the north of Ireland in the early 18th century. His grandfather founded and built a prosperous lumber business, which his father later ran, though his father's natural talents lay more with sciences than with business. Later in life, Adams would condemn that very same industry for cutting down many of the great redwood forests.
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Anthony Berry
Sir Anthony George Berry (12 February 1925 – 12 October 1984) was a British politician, the Conservative Member of Parliament for Enfield Southgate, and a Whip in Margaret Thatcher's government. He was killed in the Brighton hotel bombing.
Born in Eton, Berkshire, Berry was the sixth and youngest son of the newspaper magnate the 1st Viscount Kemsley, and his wife Mary (née Holmes).
He married firstly, at Westminster in 1954, the Hon Mary Cythia Roche (born 1934), a daughter of 4th Baron Fermoy. Mary's sister, Frances, married John Spencer, 8th Earl Spencer and so Anthony Berry was an uncle of Diana, Princess of Wales and great-uncle of The Duke of Cambridge (second in line to the throne).
Sir Anthony and his wife Mary had four children: Alexandra Mary (born 1955), Antonia Ruth and Joanna Cynthia (twins, born 1957), and Edward Anthony Morys (born 1960). They divorced in 1966.
He then married Sarah Clifford-Turner at Chelsea in 1966 and had two more children: George (born 1967), and Sasha Jane (born 1969).
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Anthony Le Tallec
Anthony Le Tallec (born 3 October 1984 in Hennebont) is a French footballer who plays for AJ Auxerre in Ligue 1, as a striker or attacking midfielder.
Le Tallec was signed from Le Havre AC by Liverpool in 2001, along with his cousin Florent Sinama Pongolle, by manager Gérard Houllier. This was after impressive performances for the French national youth team in the UEFA European Under-16 Football Championship and the FIFA U-17 World Cup, with the player being awarded the 'Silver Ball' as the second best player (behind his cousin) in the latter tournament, as the national team emerged champions; both players remained a further two years at Le Havre, loaned by the Reds.
Le Tallec scored his first and only Liverpool goal in a UEFA Cup tie against NK Olimpija Ljubljana in October 2003. After his return, he also featured in the club's victorious run in the UEFA Champions League, starting in the home leg of the quarterfinal tie against Juventus FC, but did not appear in the squad list of 18 for the final itself.
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Antoine Bethea
Antoine Bethea (pronounced /bəˈθeɪ/; born July 27, 1984) is an American football safety for the Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League. He was drafted by the Colts in the 6th round (207th overall) of the 2006 NFL Draft. He played college football at Howard.
He attended Denbigh High School in Newport News, Virginia where he was a three-year letterman in football, and also lettered in basketball, where he earned all-area and All-conference honors in his senior year.
Bethea attended Howard University where he majored in administration of justice and started 31 of 37 games at safety. His freshman year, he saw action in 5 games as a backup in the secondary collecting 13 total tackles. He would have a career-best 109 total tackles his sophomore year while seeing action as a starter in 10 of 11 games that year. That year, he had 3 games where he tallied 13 tackles and another game against Bethune-Cookman where he made 14 tackles. He ended that year also adding one sack, three forced fumbles, two fumble recoveries, six pass deflections and a blocked kick.
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António Variações
António Joaquim Rodrigues Ribeiro, (December 3, 1944 – June 13, 1984) was a Portuguese singer and songwriter. Despite his short-lived career, due to his premature death at the age of thirty-nine, he would, under the stage name of António Variações, become one of the most culturally significant performing artists of recent Portuguese history. His recorded works blended contemporary music genres with traditional Portuguese rhythms and melodies, creating music which for many is symbolic of the liberalization that occurred in Portuguese society after the Carnation Revolution of 1974. The original and provocative nature of his recorded works has led to him being widely recognized as one of the most innovative artists in the recent history of Portuguese popular music.
António Variações was born in Lugar do Pilar, a small village in Fiscal (Amares, Braga), the fifth of ten children of Deolinda de Jesus and Jaime Ribeiro. As a child, his love of music often took him away from his field work chores and towards the local folklore celebrations. He completed his basic education at the age of eleven and soon after took up his first job making small trinkets in the neighbouring village of Caldelas.
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Ari Koivunen
Ari Koivunen (born June 7, 1984, Kouvola) is a Finnish heavy metal singer who rose to fame as the winner of the Finnish singing competition Idols in 2007. He has since gone on to become one of Finland's most popular and best-selling recording artists. Koivunen is a member and a vocalist of two Finnish bands: Ari Koivunen (2007-) and Amoral (2008-).
Ari Koivunen was born in Kouvola, Finland on June 7, 1984, and throughout his life, he had a passion for music. He has a background of singing and playing drums in bands for several years. In 2005, he won the Finnish Karaoke Championships and was placed third in the Karaoke World Championships the same year. Ari is the winner of the Finnish "Idols" – competition, which was his absolute breakthrough in 2007. Both in Finland and abroad he gained a lot of attention because he mainly chose to perform metal and rock songs in this competition. Koivunen tells of his earlier career as follows
Ari Koivunen's debut album, Fuel for the Fire, was officially released on the 30th of May 2007, although the album had already been released for download sale on the 21st of May 2007. The songs for the album were made by wellknown Finnish metal musicians and song writers such as Janne Joutsenniemi (SubUrban Tribe, Stone), Jarkko Ahola (Teräsbetoni), Marco Hietala (Nightwish, Tarot), Timo Tolkki (Stratovarius) and Tony Kakko (Sonata Arctica), among others. Recording musicians were Tuomas Wäinölä (Kotipelto, Nylon Beat), Mikko Kosonen (Maija Vilkkumaa), Nino Laurenne (Thunderstone), Mirka Rantanen (Thunderstone), Mikko Kaakuriniemi (Kotipelto), Pasi Heikkilä (45 Degree Woman) and Janne Wirman (Children Of Bodom). The first single from that album, Hear My Call, was released on May 11, 2007.
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Arjen Robben
Arjen Robben (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɑrjən ˈrɔbə(n)]; born 23 January 1984) is a Dutch footballer who plays for the German Bundesliga club Bayern Munich. Though often classified as a forward, he usually plays behind the forwards (inside position) as a winger, and he is also known for his dribbling skills, speed, crossing ability and his accurate long-range shot. He is also a part of the Netherlands national team and has appeared at Euro 2004, the 2006 World Cup, Euro 2008 and at the 2010 World Cup.
Robben first came to prominence with Groningen, for whom he was player of the year for the 2000–01 Eredivisie season. Two years later he signed for PSV, where he became the Netherlands' Young Player of the Year and won an Eredivisie title. The following season Robben's signature was pursued by leading English clubs, and after protracted transfer negotiations he joined Chelsea in the 2004 close season.
Robben's Chelsea debut was delayed through injury, but upon returning to fitness he helped Chelsea to consecutive Premier League titles, and was the FA Premier League Player of the Month in November 2005. After a third season in England which was punctuated by injury, Robben moved to Spanish club Real Madrid for €35 million. In August 2009, Robben transferred to Bayern Munich for a fee of around €25 million, scoring two goals on his debut. In his first season in Munich, Bayern won the league title, Robben's fifth league title in eight years, and got to the Champions League final. After his first season with the Bavarian club, the player was also named Footballer of the Year in Germany.
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Arnold Ridley
Major William Arnold Ridley, OBE (7 January 1896 – 12 March 1984) was an English playwright and actor, first notable as the author of the play The Ghost Train and later in life for portraying the elderly Private Charles Godfrey in the British sitcom Dad's Army (1968–77).
Ridley was born in Walcot, Bath, England where his father was a gymnastics instructor and ran a boot and shoe shop. He attended the Clarendon School and the Bath City Secondary School where he was a keen sportsman. A graduate of the University of Bristol, he studied at the Education Department, and played Hamlet in a student production. Ridley undertook teaching practice at an Elementary School in Bristol.
Ridley was a student teacher and had made his theatrical debut in Prunella at the Theatre Royal, Bristol when he volunteered for British Army service in August 1914. He was rejected due to a toe injury, but in 1915 was able to enlist as a private in the Somerset Light Infantry. He saw active service in the First World War, sustaining several serious injuries: his left arm was left virtually useless by injuries sustained on the Somme, his legs were riddled with shrapnel and the legacy of a blow to the head by a German soldier's rifle butt left him prone to blackouts. He was medically discharged from the army with the rank of Lance Corporal and after the war he went into acting. In 1918, he joined Birmingham Repertory Theatre, staying for two years and playing 40 parts, before moving on to Plymouth, where he eventually had a break from the stage when his war injuries began to trouble him.
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Arthur Schwartz
Arthur Schwartz (November 25, 1900 – September 3, 1984) was an American composer and film producer.
Schwartz supported his legal studies at New York University and postgraduate studies at Columbia University by playing piano before concentrating his talents on vaudeville, Broadway theatre and Hollywood.
Among his Broadway musicals are The Band Wagon, The Gay Life, A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, Jennie, and By the Beautiful Sea. His films include the MGM musical The Band Wagon with lyricist Howard Dietz.
Schwartz worked for Columbia Pictures as a producer, his work including the 1944 musical Cover Girl.
In 1972, Schwartz was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame. He was inducted in 1981 into the American Theatre Hall of Fame.
His son Jonathan is a popular radio personality and sometime musician. His son Paul Schwartz is a composer, conductor, pianist and producer.
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Asami Kimura
Asami Kimura (木村 麻美, Kimura Asami?) (born July 17, 1984 in Tomakomai, Hokkaidō, Japan) is a J-pop singer and former member of Hello! Project. She joined the group Country Musume in 2000 and became the group leader in 2002. She also played on the Gatas Brilhantes H.P. futsal team. She graduated from Hello! Project on January 28, 2007. She is currently living in Tokyo, Japan, and according to her graduation speech, she would like to pursue a career involving animals.
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Ashlee Simpson
Ashlee Nicole Simpson (born October 3, 1984) is an American singer-songwriter and actress. She rose to prominence in 2004 with the success of her number-one debut album Autobiography. Her reality series, The Ashlee Simpson Show, aired for two seasons. Following a North American concert tour and a film appearance, Simpson released her second number-one album, I Am Me (2005). Simpson assumed creative control over her third album, Bittersweet World (2008).
Simpson was born in Waco, Texas and raised in the Richardson area of Texas. She is the daughter of Tina Ann (née Drew), a homemaker, and Joe Truett Simpson, a former psychologist and Baptist youth minister who works as Simpson's agent. Simpson has an older sister, Jessica, who is also a singer and actress. She attended the same schools as her sister, Prairie Creek Elementary and Richardson North Junior High.
In 1987, when Simpson was three years old, she began studying classical ballet. Simpson enrolled at the School of American Ballet in New York City in 1995, a year in advance. During this time, Simpson suffered from an eating disorder for about six months but received treatment from her parents. Tina and Joe Simpson made the decision to relocate to Los Angeles, California for Jessica's singing career in 1999. Subsequently, Ashlee was cast in television commercials.
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Asuka Fukuda
Asuka Fukuda (福田 明日香, Fukuda Asuka?) (born December 17, 1984) is a Japanese pop singer, and she was a member of Morning Musume from 1997 until April 18, 1999.
She played the lead role of Kazuko Yoshiyama in the 1994 TV drama Toki o Kakeru Shōjo.
In 1997, Fukuda joined Morning Musume along with Yuko Nakazawa, Aya Ishiguro, Natsumi Abe, and Kaori Iida. Although she was the youngest member at that time, she was the first to graduate in April 1999. She left to continue her schooling and rumours of a return to a musical career have not been realized.
In 2005 she was working as an assistant at her father's nightclub, Philippine, in Tokyo.
On November 9, 2011, her long awaited comeback album Double Fantasy, as a part of PEACE$TONE, was released.
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Aubrey Plaza
Aubrey Christina Plaza (born June 26, 1984) is an American actress and comedian who has gained popularity through her deadpan-style comedy, and currently co-stars in Parks and Recreation as April Ludgate.
Plaza was born in Wilmington, Delaware, the daughter of Bernadette, an attorney, and David Plaza, a financial advisor. She has two younger sisters, Renee and Natalie, the latter of whom she uses as inspiration for her teenage character April Ludgate on Parks and Recreation.
Plaza was named after the song "Aubrey" by Bread. Her father is Puerto Rican and her mother is of Irish and English descent. Plaza has stated: "I was like the only diverse kid in my high school, and I'm half-Puerto Rican. But yeah, I have a huge family and tons of cousins in Puerto Rico." She participated in productions with the Wilmington Drama League.
Plaza graduated from Ursuline Academy in 2002, and New York University's Tisch School of the Arts in 2006. While at NYU in 2004, Plaza suffered a stroke that caused temporary paralysis and expressive aphasia, but she has fully recovered.
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Avril Lavigne
Avril Ramona Lavigne (pronunciation: /ˈævrɨl ləˈviːn/; AV-ril lə-VEEN; born 27 September 1984) is a Canadian singer-songwriter. She was born in Belleville, Ontario, but spent most of her youth in the small town of Napanee. By the age of 15, she had appeared on stage with Shania Twain; by 16, she had signed a two-album recording contract with Arista Records worth more than $2 million. In 2002, when she was 17 years old, Lavigne broke onto the music scene with her debut album Let Go.
Let Go made Lavigne the youngest female soloist to reach No. 1 in the UK, and the album was certified four-times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America. By 2009, over 16 million copies had been sold worldwide. Her breakthrough single, "Complicated", peaked at No. 1 in many countries around the world, as did the album Let Go. Her second album, Under My Skin, was released in 2004 and was her first album to peak at No. 1 on the U.S. Billboard 200, eventually selling more than 10 million copies worldwide. The Best Damn Thing, Lavigne’s third album, was released in 2007, becoming her third No. 1 album in the UK Albums Chart and featuring her first U.S. Billboard Hot 100 No. 1 single, "Girlfriend". Lavigne has scored six number-one singles worldwide, including "Complicated", "Sk8er Boi", "I'm with You", "My Happy Ending", "Nobody's Home", and "Girlfriend". With more than 30 million copies of her albums sold worldwide, Lavigne is one of the top-selling artists releasing albums in the U.S., with over 10.25 million copies certified by the RIAA. Her fourth studio album, Goodbye Lullaby, was released in March 2011. Goodbye Lullaby gave Lavigne her fourth top 10 album on the U.S. Billboard 200 and the UK Albums Chart and her third No. 1 album in both Japan and Australia. Three months after the release of Goodbye Lullaby, Lavigne began work on her fifth album, which will be released on Epic Records following her departure from RCA Records.
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Basshunter
Jonas Erik Altberg (born 22 December 1984 in Halmstad, Sweden), better known by his stage name Basshunter, is a Swedish singer-songwriter, record producer, and DJ. He is best known for his number one hits "Boten Anna", "Dota", "Now You're Gone" and "All I Ever Wanted". Basshunter has so far released a total of six albums, two of which have been released in the UK. His UK single, "Saturday", was released in July 2010, and he also competed in hit reality TV show Celebrity Big Brother in January 2010. His song "Sverige" was also used as Sjölunden's International Day song in 2008. Basshunter is working on a fourth studio album to be released this year.
Jonas Altberg was born in Halmstad and lived with his parents and younger brother near Tylösand. He began producing music under the stage name "Basshunter" in 2002, using Fruity Loops, and released his first albums, The Old Shit (1999) and The Bassmachine (2004), through his own web site. After that he started working as a DJ. In April 2006, he signed with Warner Music, releasing his first single, "Boten Anna". In 2007, he released a re-recording entitled "Now You're Gone," featuring entirely re-written lyrics to appeal to a foreign market. The song charted at number one on the UK Singles Chart and stayed there for five weeks.
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Beatrice Bofia
Beatrice Balana Bofia (born November 9, 1984 in Bafia, Cameroon) is a Cameroonian American collegiate basketball player, currently playing for the University of Arizona The Arizona Wildcats. She is the older twin sister of Suzy Bofia.
At 6 feet 7½ inches tall, Bofia is usually positioned as a center because of her great height. Beatrice also sets herself apart with her ability to dunk.
Bofia began playing basketball at 15 years old. Her younger sister, Suzy, began shortly afterwards. Her career led her to play at Technical High School for two years in Cameroon.
Later She attended Illinois Central College in America.
A junior college transfer from Illinois Central, Bofia was recruited by former Arizona coach Joan Bonvicini along with sister Suzy. She appeared in 29 games for the Wildcats during her first season.
under head coach Steve Garber, she averaged 4.4 points and 3.5 rebounds for the Cougars.
In early November 2006, Beatrice suffered a minor knee injury that kept her off the court for several weeks. She was redshirted and sat out the entire 2006-07 season. She came back last season to average three points and three rebounds per game.
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Ben Lovejoy
Benjamin N. Lovejoy (born February 20, 1984 in Concord, New Hampshire) is a professional ice hockey defenseman currently with the Pittsburgh Penguins of the National Hockey League.
Ben Lovejoy played high school hockey for prep school Deerfield Academy in Deerfield, Massachusetts. The program has turned out numerous Division 1 standouts over the past two decades, many of whom have gone on to continue their playing careers in the NHL.
Ben Lovejoy was offered an NHL contract by Montreal during his third year of college. Lovejoy turned down the offer so that he could finish school and grow more as a player. Undrafted, Lovejoy played one year for Boston College and three years for Dartmouth College of the NCAA. Lovejoy also played lacrosse at Dartmouth, earning All-Ivy honors in 2006. He graduated from Dartmouth with the class of 2007. He began his professional career a few days after graduation and played five games with the Norfolk Admirals of the American Hockey League to end the 2006–07 season. That summer, Lovejoy signed an AHL contract with the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins. Ben Lovejoy scored his first pro goal at home during the Saint Patrick's Day game. Lovejoy ended the season with 20 points (2 goals, 18 assists) appearing in 72 games and a plus-16 rating.
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Bernard Youens
Bernard Arthur Youens (born Bernard Arthur Popley; 28 December 1914 – 27 August 1984) was a British character actor, best remembered for his portrayal of the workshy, beer-swilling Stan Ogden in Coronation Street from 1964 until his death in 1984.
Born in Hove, Sussex, as Bernard Popley, "Bunny" Youens (as he was nicknamed) began his stage career as a 16-year-old after becoming assistant stage manager at the Players Theatre in Newcastle upon Tyne. Youens was from a working-class family who had no theatre connections. He went on to spend much of the 1930s honing his craft in repertory theatre. His acting career was interrupted by World War II, during which he served in North Africa and Anzio. He was wounded by shrapnel in his right leg in Anzio in February 1944. He returned to rep after the war, while also working as a publican, bread salesman, van driver and a labourer.
He was a member of Frank Fortesque's Players after the war. Bernard "Bunny" Graham, (Youens then used Graham as a stage name; Bunny was his wife's pet name for him) appears in the film Cup-Tie Honeymoon, a Mancunian Films production, with Betty Jumel. [1] This was the first film to be shot at their Rusholme Studio in Manchester, with exteriors filmed at Maine Road Football Ground and Abney Hall in Cheadle. In the film, veteran comedian Sandy Powell performed one of his stage sketches, The Soldier’s Return Home, with a young actress, Pat Pilkington who later became famous as Pat Phoenix in Coronation Street. Despite dreadful reviews the film was a huge success in the North West and you can see a clip from the film showing Bernard Youens with Betty Jumel, Dan Young and Alec Pleon at — scroll down to Cup Tie Honeymoon (1948) (the contents of the page are listed in date order).
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Bernhard Goetz
Bernhard Hugo Goetz (born November 7, 1947) is an American man best known for shooting four alleged muggers on a New York City Subway train, resulting in his conviction for illegal possession of a firearm. He came to symbolize New Yorkers' frustrations with the high crime rates of the early 1980s. The incident occurred on a No. 2 train in Manhattan on December 22, 1984. It sparked a nationwide debate on race and crime in major cities, and the legal limits of self-defense.
Goetz fired an unlicensed revolver five times, seriously wounding all four. He was dubbed the "Subway Vigilante" by the New York press, and was both praised and vilified in the media and in public opinion.
He surrendered to police nine days later and was eventually charged with attempted murder, assault, reckless endangerment, and several firearms offenses. A jury found him not guilty of all charges except an illegal firearms possession count, for which he served two-thirds of a one-year sentence. The incident has been cited as a contributing factor to the groundswell movement against urban crime and disorder, and successful National Rifle Association campaigns to loosen restrictions on the concealed carrying of firearms.
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Bess Flowers
Bess Flowers (November 23, 1898 – July 28, 1984) was an American actress. By some counts considered the most prolific actress in the history of Hollywood, she was known as "The Queen of the Hollywood Extras," appearing in over 700 movies in her 41 year career.
Born in Sherman, Texas, Flowers's movie debut came in 1923, when she appeared in a movie titled Hollywood. She made three movies in that year, and then began working extensively, with seven movies in 1926 alone. Most of her appearances are uncredited, as she generally played non-speaking roles.
By the 1930s, Flowers was in constant demand. Her appearances ranged from Alfred Hitchcock and John Ford thrillers to comedic roles alongside of Charley Chase, the Three Stooges, Leon Errol, Edgar Kennedy and Laurel and Hardy.
Along with actors Wallis Clark and Franklyn Farnum, she holds the record for the most appearances in movies which have won the Academy Award for Best Picture. She appeared in the following five Academy Award Best Picture winners: It Happened One Night, You Can't Take it With You, All About Eve, The Greatest Show on Earth, and Around the World in Eighty Days. In each of these movies, Flowers was uncredited. Including these five movies, she had appeared in twenty-one Best Picture nominees in total, which is another record high. Her last movie was Good Neighbor Sam in 1964.
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Big Mama Thornton
Willie Mae "Big Mama" Thornton (December 11, 1926 – July 25, 1984) was an American rhythm and blues singer and songwriter. She was the first to record the hit song "Hound Dog" in 1952. The song was #1 on the Billboard R&B charts for seven weeks in 1953. The B-side was "They Call Me Big Mama," and the single sold almost two million copies. Three years later, Elvis Presley recorded his version, based on a version performed by Freddie Bell and the Bellboys. In a similar occurrence, she wrote and recorded "Ball 'n' Chain," which became a hit for her.Janis Joplin later recorded "Ball and Chain," and was a huge success in the late 1960s.
Thornton was born in Montgomery, Alabama, United States. Her introduction to music started in a Baptist church, where her father was a minister and her mother a church singer. She and her six siblings began to sing at very early ages. Thornton left Montgomery at age 14 in 1941, following her mother's death. She joined Sammy Green's Georgia-based Hot Harlem Revue. Her seven-year tenure with them gave her valuable singing and stage experience, and enabled her[vague] to tour the South. In 1948, she settled in Houston, Texas, where she hoped to further her career as a singer She was also a self-taught drummer and harmonica player, and frequently played each instrument onstage.
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Bob Hawke
Robert James Lee "Bob" Hawke AC GCL (born 9 December 1929) is a former Australian politician who served as the 23rd Prime Minister of Australia from 1983 to 1991.
After a decade as president of the Australian Council of Trade Unions, he entered parliament as a Labor MP at the 1980 federal election and became Prime Minister within three years, leading Labor to victory at four consecutive federal elections: 1983, 1984, 1987 and 1990. Hawke was defeated as Labor leader in a 1991 spill against Paul Keating. He is Labor's longest-serving Prime Minister and Australia's third-longest-serving Prime Minister.
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Brady Quinn
Brayden Tyler "Brady" Quinn (born October 27, 1984) is an American football quarterback for the Kansas City Chiefs of the National Football League. He was drafted by the Cleveland Browns in the first round of the 2007 NFL Draft. He played college football at Notre Dame. Quinn has also played for the Denver Broncos.
Brayden Tyler "Brady" Quinn was born on October 27, 1984 in Columbus, Ohio, the middle child of Tyrone J. Quinn and Robin D. (née Slates) Quinn. He has an older sister, Laura Quinn, and a younger sister, Kelly Katherine Quinn. Laura Quinn is married to Green Bay Packers linebacker A.J. Hawk, who played college football at the Ohio State University.
Quinn attended Dublin Coffman High School in Dublin, Ohio, and ranked sixth on the Detroit Free Press "Best of the Midwest" team and was listed at number 20 on ESPN's list of the nation's top 100 prospects.
As a junior in 2001, Quinn threw for 2,200 yards and 21 touchdowns to go along with 15 interceptions, posting a 9–4 record and helped lead Coffman to the Division I state semi-finals. As a senior in 2002, he threw for 2,149 yards, threw 25 touchdowns with four interceptions, and completed 143 of 258 pass attempts, and rushed for 108 yards and six touchdowns. Quinn helped his team post an 8–3 record and played in the U.S. Army All-American Bowl in San Antonio, Texas. Quinn was named the Columbus Dispatch and Ohio Capital Conference Offensive Player of the Year and was an All-State choice. Quinn was named an All-Conference player in baseball as a junior and lettered three times. He was a member of Young Life, the Rock Solid Club, and Who's Who Among America High School Students.
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Brandon Browner
Brandon Browner (born August 2, 1984) is a cornerback for the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football league.
Browner was a Prep Star West All-Region and All-Valley Mission League selection at Sylmar (Calif.) High School as a senior. He also earned Mission League MVP honors. As a junior, Browner played at James Monroe High School (North Hills, Calif.) High. During his prep career, he competed as a receiver where he accounted for 1,726 career yards and 24 touchdowns, and on defense as a cornerback where he recorded 16 career interceptions. As a senior, he also returned three punts for touchdowns. At Monroe, Browner lettered in track, competing in the high jump and 200 meters and currently holds the Frosph/Soph Record for the High Jump at 6 foot 2 inches.
Browner played in college for Oregon State University. Browner redshirted in 2002 at Oregon State. He then went on to start in every game he played in for the Beavers. Browner was named to the Freshman All-America teams by the Football Writers Association and The Sporting News in 2003. He was chosen Pac-10 Conference Freshman of the Year and was a member of the All-Pac 10 second team. He ranked ninth in the nation with six interceptions and recorded 43 tackles (37 solo) with six pass breakups, two forced fumbles and three stops for losses as a redshirt freshman. He helped the program weather the 2002 departures of Dennis Weathersby, Calvin Carlyle and Terrell Roberts.
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Brandon Roy
Brandon Dawayne Roy (born July 23, 1984) is a retired American professional basketball player who played for the Portland Trail Blazers of the National Basketball Association. He was selected sixth in the 2006 NBA Draft, having completed four years playing for the Washington Huskies. In 2009, he served as the team's co-captain, along with LaMarcus Aldridge. His nickname was "B-Roy", but he was also referred to as "The Natural" by announcer Brian Wheeler. On December 10, 2011, Roy announced his retirement from basketball due to a degenerative knee condition.
Born in Seattle, Washington, Roy became known for his immediate impact on the Trail Blazers.Zach Randolph, then the team captain, was traded to the New York Knicks at the end of Roy's first season, which cleared the way for Roy to take on a leadership role on the team. Though hampered by an injured ankle, Roy won the NBA Rookie of the Year Award for 2006–07 in a near-unanimous vote. He played 57 games as a rookie and averaged 16.8 points per game in the 2006–07 season. He was selected as a reserve to the 2008 NBA All-Star Game, the 2009 NBA All-Star Game, and the 2010 NBA All-Star Game. Roy played the most minutes of any Western Conference player, and tied for the most points in the West in the 2008 game, and he played the most minutes of any player during the 2009 game.
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Brassaï
George Brassaï (pseudonym of Gyula Halász) (9 September 1899 – 8 July 1984) was a Hungarian photographer, sculptor, and filmmaker who rose to international fame in France in the 20th century. He was one of the numerous Hungarian artists who flourished in Paris beginning between the World Wars. In the early 21st century, the discovery of more than 200 letters and hundreds of drawings and other items from the period 1940-1984 has provided scholars with material for understanding his later life and career.
Gyula (Jules) Halász (the Western order of his name) was born in Brassó, Transsylvania, Kingdom of Hungary (since 1920 Braşov, Romania), to an Armenian mother and a Hungarian father. He grew up speaking Hungarian. When he was three, his family lived in Paris for a year, while his father, a professor of French literature, taught at the Sorbonne.
As a young man, Gyula Halász studied painting and sculpture at the Hungarian Academy of Fine Arts (Magyar Képzomuvészeti Egyetem) in Budapest. He joined a cavalry regiment of the Austro-Hungarian army, where he served until the end of the First World War.
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Breanne Benson
Breanne Benson (born April 22, 1984) is an American pornographic actress of Albanian origin. She was the Penthouse Pet for the month for January 2011.
Breanne Benson was born in Tirana, Albania, and moved to Italy before emigrating to the United States, aged seven. Benson studied psychology and human sexuality after high school. She was first introduced to the Adult entertainment industry when she accompanied her friend and adult film actress Tanya James to shoots with Tony Pounds. Her first film was "Cockless 23" with Tanya James. She started in the adult film business hoping no one would find out, but she was discovered by a girl from her high school due to being seen on the website welivetogether.com. Her older sister then heard shortly thereafter.
When Breanne entered the adult industry in 2003, she started with pictures only first. Then she moved on to solo video scenes and later transitioned to scenes with women. At the end of 2004, she retired and started dancing at the Spearmint Rhino in the City of Industry. Benson returned to video in June 2009. In November of that year, she decided to do scenes with men.
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Brett Novek
Brett Michael Novek (born April 26, 1984) is an American male fashion model and actor. He is a campaign level model for Papi Underwear and appears on their product packaging and sales and promotional material. In 2007, he was a contestant in season one of VH1's reality competition television program America's Most Smartest Model, in which he placed fourth.
Novek was born in Fort Lauderdale, Florida the second son of Robin and David Novek. He was born and raised in a Jewish Family. Novek has an older brother, Craig, who he considers to be his best friend.
Novek graduated from the University of Central Florida in 2006, majoring in Marketing.
While working out at a gym, Novek met professional model Gregg Avedon, who submitted Novek's information to a modeling agency. An initial photo shoot was done with photographer Scott Teitler and this led to him signing with Irene Marie Models and modeling for clients such as Papi Underwear, which used Novek for an advertising campaign and live modeling events.
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Brian Joubert
Brian Joubert (born September 20, 1984) is a French figure skater. He is the 2007 World Champion, a three-time (2004, 2007 & 2009) European champion, an eight-time (2003–2008, 2011, 2012) French National champion, and the 2006-7 Grand Prix Final champion. In total, he is a six-time World medalist and ten-time European medalist.
Brian Joubert was born in Poitiers, Vienne to Jean-Michel and Raymonde Joubert; he has two older sisters, Sarah and Alexandra. He suffered a life-threatening illness at the age of 11 months, which led to the removal of one kidney.
Joubert has been considered a heartthrob in his native country, France. This reputation has been contributed by media appearances after his first victory at the 2004 European Championships and silver medal at the World Championships and short relationship with former Miss France, Lætitia Bléger. He later brought a lawsuit against Bléger for 40,000 Euros for insinuating that he was homosexual and that their relationship was arranged to hide this. Bléger and two magazines that published her allegations were ordered by a French court to pay a total of 17,000 Euros, and to publish the court ruling in one of the two magazines. He was later involved with Italian figure skater Valentina Marchei, but the relationship eventually ended.
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Brian Mulroney
Martin Brian Mulroney, PC CC GOQ (born March 20, 1939) was the 18th Prime Minister of Canada from September 17, 1984, to June 25, 1993 and was leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada from 1983 to 1993. His tenure as Prime Minister was marked by the introduction of major economic reforms, such as the Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement and the Goods and Services Tax, and the rejection of constitutional reforms such as the Meech Lake Accord and the Charlottetown Accord. Prior to his political career, he was a prominent lawyer and businessman in Montreal.
Mulroney was born on March 20, 1939, in Baie-Comeau, Quebec, a remote and isolated town in the eastern part of the province. He is the son of Irish Canadian Catholic parents, Mary Irene (née O'Shea) and Benedict Martin Mulroney, who was a paper mill electrician. Six of the couple's children survived infancy. As there was no English-language Catholic high school in Baie-Comeau, Mulroney completed his high school education at a Roman Catholic boarding school in Chatham, New Brunswick operated by St. Thomas University (in 2001, St. Thomas University named its newest academic building in his honour). Benedict Mulroney worked overtime and ran a repair business to earn extra money for his children's education, and he encouraged his oldest son to attend university.
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Brooks Atkinson
Justin Brooks Atkinson (November 28, 1894 – January 14, 1984) was an American theatre critic. He worked for The New York Times from 1925 to 1960. In his obituary, the Times called him "the most important reviewer of his time."
Atkinson was born in Melrose, Massachusetts, where, as a boy, he printed his own newspaper (using movable type), and planned a career in journalism. He graduated from Harvard University in 1917, and worked at The Springfield Daily News and the Boston Evening Transcript, where he was assistant to the drama critic. In 1922, he became the editor of the New York Times Book Review, and in 1925 the drama critic.
Atkinson quickly became known for his commitment to new kinds of theatre—he was one of the first critical admirers of Eugene O'Neill—for his interest in all kinds of drama, including off-Broadway productions, and for his wit. In 1928, he said of the new play The Front Page, "No one who has ground his heels in the grime of a police headquarters press room will complain that this argot misrepresents the gentlemen of the press." Atkinson had covered the police beat for the Evening Transcript.
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Bruce McCandless II
Bruce McCandless II (born June 8, 1937 in Boston, Massachusetts) is a former naval aviator with the United States Navy and former NASA astronaut. During the first of his two Space Shuttle missions he made the first ever untethered free flight, using the Manned Maneuvering Unit.
McCandless is the son of Bruce McCandless, a decorated United States Navy hero from World War II. He graduated from Woodrow Wilson Senior High School, Long Beach, California. With his father having been awarded the Medal of Honor, McCandless was assured of being appointed to a military academy. In 1958 he received a bachelor of science degree from the United States Naval Academy, followed by a master of science degree in Electrical Engineering from Stanford University in 1965. In 1987 he received a Master of Business Administration degree from the University of Houston–Clear Lake.
McCandless graduated second in a class of 899 from the Naval Academy (Class of 1958), along with John McCain and John Poindexter. Subsequently, he received flight training from the Naval Aviation Training Command at bases in Pensacola, Florida, and Kingsville, Texas.
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Bérengère Schuh
Bérengère Schuh (born June 13, 1984 in Auxerre) is an athlete from France. She competes in archery.
Schuh represented France at the 2004 Summer Olympics. She placed 31st in the women's individual ranking round with a 72-arrow score of 626. In the first round of elimination, she faced 34th-ranked Elpida Romantzi of Greece. Schuh lost 151-143 in the 18-arrow match, placing 43rd overall in women's individual archery. Schuh was also a member of the 4th-place French team in the women's team archery competition.
At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing Schuh finished her ranking round with a total of 645 points. This gave her the 14th seed for the final competition bracket in which she faced Pia Carmen Maria Lionetti in the first round, beating the archer from Italy with 112-107. In the second round she had no problem beating Sayoko Kitabatake with 112-100, but in the third round she was unable to surprise third seed Joo Hyun-Jung and was eliminated with 109-104.
Together with Sophie Dodemont and Virginie Arnold she also took part in the team event. With her 645 score from the ranking round combined with the 632 of Dodemont and the 626 of Arnold the French team was in fifth position after the ranking round, which gave them a straight seed into the quarter finals. With 218-211 they were too strong for the Polish team. In the semi final against South Korea they scored only 184 points with the Koreans scoring 213, missing out on the final. They recovered in the bronze medal match and won against Great Britain 203-201 to claim the bronze.
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Calvin Harris
Adam Richard Wiles (born 17 January 1984), better known by his stage name Calvin Harris, is a Scottish DJ, singer, songwriter, and record producer. His gold-selling debut album, I Created Disco, was released in 2007 and contained the top ten singles "Acceptable in the 80s" and "The Girls". His second studio album, Ready for the Weekend (2009), reached number one in the UK Album Chart and includes the chart-topper "I'm Not Alone", the UK top five hit "Ready for the Weekend", and the singles "Flashback" and "You Used to Hold Me".
A remix album titled L.E.D. Festival was released in July 2010 as a free album in the August issue of Mixmag. Harris is currently working on his third studio album—due for release in 2012—which has produced the singles "Awooga", "Bounce", "Feel So Close", and "Let's Go". He has written and produced records for other recording artists including Kylie Minogue, Sophie Ellis-Bextor, Dizzee Rascal, Rihanna (on the international chart topper "We Found Love"), and Kesha.
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Cara DeLizia
Cara Elizabeth DeLizia (born April 10, 1984) is an American television actress most known for her portrayal as Fiona "Fi" Phillips alongside Mackenzie Phillips in the Disney Original Series So Weird.
She got her start in acting at the age of 5 doing theater productions. She was later discovered and starred regularly in the WB's Nick Freno: Licensed Teacher. Later she had guest spots on Mad About You, 7th Heaven, The West Wing (in "The Stackhouse Filibuster"), Strong Medicine, and ER. She has also starred in several TV movies and had minor roles in several motion pictures such as Sleepless in Seattle and Avalon. She also starred in some Mary-Kate Olsen and Ashley Olsen Productions, such as Gimme Pizza, singing the popular line "whipped cream pouring like waterfalls!" At this stage in her career, DeLizia was known for her high-pitched voice and pixie haircut.
It was her role on So Weird that was her breakout. She starred as Fiona "Fi" Phillips, an adolescent girl obsessed with the paranormal. She traveled around the country on a tour bus with her rockstar mother (Phillips). At various stops along the way Fi would encounter paranormal activity ranging from aliens, to ghosts, to Bigfoot. Fi's interest was driven to find out what had caused her father's death when she was a child. Her investigations culminated in the show's Season 2 finale. DeLizia left the show in the Season 3 premiere and was replaced by a young Canadian Alexz Johnson. To that point, the show had been "darker" for a Disney show in the vein of The X-Files. However, when DeLizia departed, the show took on a lighter tone for the remainder of its run.
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Carah Faye Charnow
Carah Faye Charnow (born August 3, 1984, in Santa Barbara, California) is an American singer and songwriter. She is currently the female vocalist of the band Shiny Toy Guns (2004–2008, 2011), with whom she scored a Grammy nomination, and is also currently the frontwoman/vocalist of the band Versant. She officially returned as a vocalist for Shiny Toy Guns in February 2011.
In 2004, Carah joined the indie/rock/electronica band Shiny Toy Guns. Shiny Toy Guns gained popularity in California as well as through their MySpace page. On October 17, 2006, they released their first album, We Are Pilots (UNI-MOTOWN), after previously recording and independently releasing it two times with varying tracklists. The album’s best-known tracks are "Le Disko", "You Are the One", and "Don't Cry Out". On December 6, 2007, We Are Pilots received a Grammy Award nomination in the category of Best Electronic/Dance Album. Carah remained the female vocalist of Shiny Toy Guns until she was released[clarification needed] in the summer of 2008.
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Carl Ferdinand Cori
Carl Ferdinand Cori FRS (December 5, 1896 – October 20, 1984) was a Czech biochemist and pharmacologist born in Prague (then in Austria-Hungary, now Czech Republic) who, together with his wife Gerty Cori and Argentine physiologist Bernardo Houssay, received a Nobel Prize in 1947 for their discovery of how glycogen (animal starch) – a derivative of glucose – is broken down and resynthesized in the body, for use as a store and source of energy. In 2004 both were designated an ACS National Historical Chemical Landmark in recognition of their work that elucidated carbohydrate metabolism.
Carl was the son of Carl Cori, a physician, and Martha Lippich, he grew up in Trieste where his father was the director of the Marine Biological Station. In late 1914 the Cori family moved to Prague and Carl entered the medical school of Charles University in Prague. While studying there he met Gerty Theresa Radnitz. He was drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army and served in the ski corps, and later was transferred to the sanitary corps, for which he set up a laboratory in Trieste. At the end of the war Carl completed his studies, graduating with Gerty in 1920. Carl and Gerty married that year and worked together in clinics in Vienna.
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Carl Foreman
Carl Foreman, CBE (July 23, 1914 – June 26, 1984) was an American screenwriter and film producer who wrote the notable film High Noon. He was blacklisted by the Hollywood movie studio bosses in the 1950s.
Born in Chicago, Illinois to a working-class Jewish family, he studied at the University of Illinois. As a student in the 1930s he became an advocate of revolutionary socialism and joined the American Communist Party.
After graduating from university, Carl Foreman moved to Hollywood where he used his writing talents and training to work as a screenwriter. From 1941 to 1942 he was involved with writing three films but his career was interrupted by service in the United States military during World War II. Returning to writing commercial scripts, by the end of the 1940s, Foreman had become one of the top writers in Hollywood whose successes included the 1949 Kirk Douglas film Champion for which Foreman received an Academy Award nomination.
In 1950, he adapted Brian Hooker's English translation of Edmond Rostand's Cyrano de Bergerac for the 1950 film version, which starred Jose Ferrer, and for which Ferrer won the Academy Award for Best Actor.
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Carlo Rubbia
Carlo Rubbia Knight Grand Cross (born on 31 March 1934) is an Italian particle physicist and inventor who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1984 with Simon van der Meer for work leading to the discovery of the W and Z particles at CERN.
Carlo Rubbia studied at Scuola Normale in Pisa and graduated doing cosmic ray experiments at Pisa University in 1959. He then went to the United States where he spent about one and a half years at Columbia University performing experiments on the decay and the nuclear capture of muons. This was the first of a long series of experiments that Rubbia has performed in the field of weak interactions and which culminated in the Nobel Prize-winning work at CERN. He received his PhD in physics from Columbia in 1959.
In 1960 he moved back to Europe, attracted by the newly founded CERN, where he worked on experiments on the structure of weak interactions. CERN had just commissioned a new type of accelerator, the Intersecting Storage Rings, using counter-rotating beams of protons colliding against each other. Rubbia and his collaborators conducted experiments there, again studying the weak force. The main results in this field were the observation of the structure in the elastic scattering process and the first observation of the charmed baryons. These experiments were crucial in order to perfect the techniques needed later for the discovery of more exotic particles in a different type of particle collider.
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Carlos Tévez
Carlos Alberto Tévez (born Carlos Alberto Martínez on 5 February 1984) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a forward for English club Manchester City. He has previously played for Boca Juniors, Corinthians, West Ham United and Manchester United. He transferred to Manchester City from United in the 2009 summer transfer window, becoming the first player to move between the two rival clubs since Terry Cooke in 1999. His energy and goal scoring rate has since made him an indispensable player for the club in the eyes of fellow players and media alike.
His was promoted to captain at the beginning of the 2010–11 season by manager Roberto Mancini. In 2011, Tévez sought a transfer away from Manchester, citing family reasons and Sergio Agüero was drafted in as a replacement. However he remains a City player after his family moved back to Manchester with manager Roberto Mancini believing Tévez will stay for the foreseeable future. His career has been dogged by a long-standing relationship with Media Sports Investments, the company which owned the rights of Tévez, and several other players and coaches. This eventually resulted in West Ham United being fined over issues regarding third-party ownership. He has made 59 appearances for the Argentina national team, scoring 13 goals.
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Carmelo Anthony
Carmelo Kiyan Anthony (born May 29, 1984), nicknamed "Melo", is an American professional basketball player who currently plays for the New York Knicks in the National Basketball Association (NBA). After a successful high school career at Towson Catholic High School and Oak Hill Academy, Anthony attended Syracuse University for college where he led the Orangemen to their first National Championship in 2003. He earned the tournament's Most Outstanding Player award and was named the Most Valuable Player of NCAA East Regional. After one season at Syracuse University, Anthony left college to enter the 2003 NBA Draft, where he was selected as the third pick by the Nuggets. He was traded to the Knicks several days prior to the 2011 trade deadline.
Since entering the NBA, Anthony has emerged as one of the most well-known and popular players in the league. He was named to the All-Rookie team, to the All-Star team five times and to the All-NBA team five times. Anthony led the Nuggets to two division titles and to the playoffs every year from 2004 to 2010. In 2009, he helped the Nuggets advance to the Conference Finals for the first time since 1985. As a member of the USA National Team, Anthony won a bronze medal at the 2004 Olympics and a gold medal at the 2008 Olympics.
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Cassie Hager
Cassandra Hager-Smith (born January 17, 1984 in Perry, Iowa) is an American former college basketball player. She is the only player in the history of the University of Northern Iowa to record than 1,000 career points and 1,000 rebounds.
Cassandra Hager was born on January 17, 1984 in Perry, Iowa to Daniel Hager and Michelle Hager. Her Siblings are Katrina and Caley.
Hager says she didn't start playing basketball until she was in 5th grade.
She attended high school in Perry, Iowa, where she was named first team all-state in her junior and senior years and twice earned Des Moines Sunday Register first-team all-state honors. In her last two seasons she averaged more than 20 points a game.
In Hager's senior year, Perry won the state Class 3-A championship. She graduatd in 2002.
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Celeste Thorson
Celeste Thorson (born July 23, 1984) is an Asian American actress, model,screenwriter, and activist. She is best known for her role as an athletic host in her action TV series, Destination X: Hawaii and Destination X: California. Thorson has written twenty four episodes of television for shows like Destination X and The Industry. As a model she has been featured in modeling and commercial campaigns for Reebok, Lady Foot Locker, Yoplait, Sprint, Nissan Nokia, Samsung, Yahoo!, Body Glove, Toms Shoes, and Paul Mitchell.
Thorson was born in Orange County, California, to her mother a fine artist, and father a United States Marine; the two divorced during Thorson's childhood.
Her mother is of Lebanese, Spanish and Apache Mescalero Native American descent. Her father was born in South Korea and was adopted as a young child by the Thorson family in Colorado. On her father's side she is of South Korean and Scottish Irish descent.
Thorson traveled much of the southwestern United States during grade school and high school, attending a number of private and public schools. Her residence changed often as her family would acquire commercial and residential real estate stretching from Los Angeles and Southern California to New Mexico and Texas. After graduating early from high school, Thorson moved to San Miguel de Allende, Guanajuato, Mexico to continue the three-generation family tradition of attending the historic Instituto Allende. Thorson studied silver working, jewelry making, sculpture and bronze casting at the privately owned classical art institute, which was founded in 1950.
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Cesar Chavez
Cesar Estrada Chavez (locally: [ˈsesaɾ esˈtɾaða ˈtʃaβes]; March 31, 1927 – April 23, 1993) was an American farm worker, labor leader, and civil rights activist who, with Dolores Huerta, co-founded the National Farm Workers Association, which later became the United Farm Workers (UFW).
A Mexican American, Chavez became the best known Latino civil rights activist, and was strongly promoted by the American labor movement, which was eager to enroll Hispanic members. His public-relations approach to unionism and aggressive but nonviolent tactics made the farm workers' struggle a moral cause with nationwide support. By the late 1970s, his tactics had forced growers to recognize the UFW as the bargaining agent for 50,000 field workers in California and Florida. However, by the mid-1980s membership in the UFW had dwindled to around 15,000.[citation needed]
After his death he became a major historical icon for the Latino community, and for liberals generally, symbolizing support for workers and for Hispanic power based on grass roots organizing and his slogan "Sí, se puede" (Spanish for "Yes, it is possible" or, roughly, "Yes, it can be done"). His supporters say his work led to numerous improvements for union laborers. His birthday, March 31, has become Cesar Chavez Day, a state holiday in three US states. Many parks, cultural centers, libraries, schools, and streets have been named in his honor in cities across the United States.
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Cesar Climaco
Cesar Cortez Climaco (February 28, 1916 — November 14, 1984) was a Filipino politician who served as mayor of Zamboanga City for 11 years. A prominent critic of the martial law regime of Ferdinand Marcos, he was famed for his toughness in governance and colorful personality. He is also famous for his refusal to cut his hair until democratic rule was restored in the Philippines. He was assassinated by an unknown gunman in 1984.
Climaco was born in Zamboanga City, the son of a customs broker who later became a municipal councilor. He finished his primary and secondary education in his hometown, then moved to Manila together with his future wife, Julia, to pursue a college education. He enrolled in a pre-law course at the University of Santo Tomas and worked as a family driver to finance his studies. He then studied law at the University of the Philippines College of Law, working at the same time as a janitor at the Court of Appeals. Coincidentally, his older brother Rafael, also a law student at UP, became an associate justice of the Court of Appeals under Pres. Marcos. Climaco earned his law degree in 1941, and was admitted to the Philippine bar later that year after having passed the bar examinations.
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Chad Power
Chad Thomas Power (born January 30, 1984 in Ventura County, California) is a black belt, who starred in 3 Ninjas and 3 Ninjas Knuckle Up.
Has a younger brother Troy who previously played ice hockey for the Tri-City Storm and now plays for the Omaha Lancers. Chad also has a younger sister named Amanda.He started martial arts at a very young age this is why he was chosen to play in the 3 Ninjas movies.
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Charl Schwartzel
Charl Adriaan Schwartzel (English pronunciation: /ˈʃɑrl ˈʃwɔrtsəl/; born 31 August 1984) is a South African professional golfer who plays on the PGA Tour, European Tour, and the Sunshine Tour. He won the 2011 Masters Tournament. Schwartzel's highest world ranking has been number seven, in May 2011.
Schwartzel was born in Johannesburg, South Africa. He had a dominant junior amateur career in South Africa, and won some amateur events in other countries including the 2002 Indian Amateur and English Open Stroke Play Championships. He played for South Africa in the 2002 Eisenhower Trophy.
Schwartzel turned professional at the age of eighteen and following the path of many other leading South African players, he qualified for the European Tour late that year. He was the second youngest South African golfer to do so after Dale Hayes. He earned enough money to retain his European Tour card in both 2003 and 2004.
In the 2004-05 season he won the Dunhill Championship, a leading tournament in South Africa that is co-sanctioned by the European Tour, and claimed first place on the Sunshine Tour's Order of Merit. In 2005 he finished 52nd on the European Tour's Order of Merit, and in 2005-06 he again topped the Sunshine Tour Order of Merit. His win at the season-ending Vodacom Tour Championship took him into the top 100 in the Official World Golf Rankings for the first time. His form continued to improve in 2006 and he finished the season placed 18th on the Order of Merit and reached as high as 55th in the World Rankings.
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Charlie Villanueva
Charlie Alexander Villanueva (born August 24, 1984 in Queens, New York City) is an American basketball player who currently plays for the Detroit Pistons of the National Basketball Association.
The son of Dominican immigrants, Villanueva was raised in Elmhurst, Queens, New York. He was drafted at the age of 20, seventh overall pick, in the 2005 NBA Draft by the Toronto Raptors. He also holds Dominican citizenship and therefore he has represented the Dominican Republic national basketball team in international competition.
During his freshman year, Villanueva attended Newtown High School in Queens, New York, where he was a teammate of future NBA player Smush Parker. He spent his next three years at Blair Academy in Blairstown, New Jersey, where he played with another future NBA player, Luol Deng. Villanueva received All-American honors as a senior and was named New Jersey Co-Player of the Year. He entered the 2003 NBA Draft, but withdrew his eligibility so he could play basketball at the University of Connecticut. In his senior year, he was 5th place in the high school slam dunk contest, ahead of Ndudi Ebi, Travis Outlaw, and Brittany Hunter, and behind Shannon Brown, Von Wafer, J.R. Giddens, and the winner, LeBron James.
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Cheryl Burke
Cheryl Stephanie Bautista Burke (born May 3, 1984) is a professional dancer. She is best known for being one of the professional dancers on ABC's Dancing with the Stars, where she was the first female professional to win the show and the first professional to win twice and consecutively.
Burke grew up in Atherton, California. Her father is of Irish and Russian descent and her mother is Filipina. Her family dances for recreation and has a dance floor at home. At age four, she began taking ballet lessons and performing locally. She then began ballroom dancing and decided to change her focus. She trained in both standard ballroom and Latin dances. She began competing at age 13. Cheryl attended Menlo-Atherton High School, graduated in 2002. In fall of 2007 Cheryl was awarded the key to the city from the mayor of Atherton at her old high school.
Burke won her first championship with 98 Degrees member Drew Lachey in the second season. She won her second championship with retired football star Emmitt Smith in the third season. Cheryl returned to the ballroom on March 19, 2007 for Season 4, partnered with actor Ian Ziering. She and Ziering were eliminated in the semi-finals on May 15, 2007.
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Chet Allen
Chet Allen (May 6, 1939 – June 17, 1984) was an American child actor of the 1950s known for his role as Amahl in Gian Carlo Menotti's Amahl and the Night Visitors, the first opera written for television, which he made with the NBC Opera Theatre.
At the time he was selected as Amahl, Allen was a soprano member of Columbus Boychoir, founded in Columbus, Ohio. The music boarding school relocated in 1950 to Princeton, New Jersey, and in 1980 was renamed the American Boychoir School. Allen also reprised his role as Amahl in theatre in April 1952 with the New York City Opera, conducted by young Thomas Schippers.
In 1953, Allen starred with Dan Dailey in the film Meet Me at the Fair in the role of 14-year-old Tad Bayliss. That same year, he played the young teenager Jerry Bonino in the short-lived NBC series Bonino, a mostly forgotten situation comedy starring Ezio Pinza as a recently widowed Italian-American opera singer, Babbo Bonino, undertaking the rearing of his six children. Mary Wickes costarred as Martha the housekeeper.
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Chiaki Kuriyama
Chiaki Kuriyama (栗山 千明, Kuriyama Chiaki?, born October 10, 1984) is a Japanese actress, singer and model. She is best known in the West for her roles as Takako Chigusa in Kinji Fukasaku's Japanese film Battle Royale (2000) and as Gogo Yubari in Quentin Tarantino's Hollywood film Kill Bill, Volume 1 (2003).
She was born in Tsuchiura, Ibaraki. Chiaki was a popular model during Japan's child model boom in the mid-1990s. In 1997, she appeared in the photobooks Shinwa-Shōjo (Girl of Myth) and Shōjokan (Girl's Residence), photographed by Kishin Shinoyama. Shinwa-Shōjo became a best-seller but, as it contained some nudity, was discontinued by the publisher in 1999 after the institution of new anti–child pornography laws. She also posed as a model for the child fashion magazines Nicola (1997–2001) and Pichi Lemon (1996–2001).
She first achieved widespread recognition as an actress in Japan for her starring roles in the horror films Shikoku (1999) and Ju-on (2000). Chiaki also appeared in the action film Battle Royale (2000) as Takako Chigusa.
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Chris Bosh
Christopher Wesson Bosh (born March 24, 1984) is an American professional basketball player who plays power forward for the Miami Heat in the National Basketball Association (NBA).
A high school "Mr. Basketball" in Texas, Bosh left college at Georgia Tech after one season with the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets men's basketball team to enter the 2003 NBA Draft. He was selected fourth overall by the Toronto Raptors in a very competitive draft class. While at Toronto, Bosh emerged as one of the young stars in the league; he became a five-time NBA All-Star, was named to the All-NBA second team once, appeared for the US national team (with whom he won a gold medal at the 2008 Olympics), and took over former fan-favorite Vince Carter as the face and leader of the Raptors franchise. In the 2006–07 season, Bosh led the Raptors to their first NBA Playoffs berth in five years, and their first ever division title. He left Toronto as its all-time leader in points, rebounds, blocks, double doubles, free throws made and attempted, and minutes played.
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Chris Brunt
Christopher Brunt (born 14 December 1984 in Belfast) is a Northern Irish footballer who plays for English Premier League side West Bromwich Albion. He plays as a left winger and more recently an attacking midfield position. He is also the Albion captain.
Brunt grew up in Belfast, Northern Ireland, where he attended Newtownbreda Primary School. His father Colin was a talented rugby union player. He then went on to study at Wellington College, a grammar school in Belfast. As a youth player he appeared for Saint Andrews Boys Club.
Brunt had trials with both professional teams Manchester United and Middlesbrough, eventually signing for Middlesbrough, but he failed to break into the first team.
He moved to Sheffield Wednesday in March 2004 on an initial short-term deal. A permanent free transfer followed soon after as Brunt signed a two-year contract at Wednesday. In 2004–05, his first full season at the club, Brunt helped Wednesday achieve promotion to the Championship by scoring five goals. In July 2005 he agreed a one-year extension to his existing contract.
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Chris Lowell
Christopher "Chris" Lowell (born October 17, 1984) is an American television actor. He played the role of Stosh "Piz" Piznarski in the CW noir drama Veronica Mars and most recently played the character William "Dell" Parker in the ABC Grey's Anatomy spin-off, Private Practice.
Lowell was born in Atlanta, Georgia. He attended the Atlanta International School, where he became interested in theatre and filmmaking. He currently attends the University of Southern California, where he was discovered in his first year while playing beach volleyball. In his spare time, he enjoys amateur filmmaking, theatre, and traveling.
Discovered in 2003 after going through his first major audition, he landed a role on the ABC teen drama Life As We Know It. Of the show's trio of male characters, Lowell portrayed Jonathan Fields, the "least confident but most creative and grounded of the three". The series was cancelled after 13 episodes.
In 2006, Lowell had lead roles in the coming-of-age film Graduation and also in a small film entitled You Are Here.
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Chris Marquette
Chris Marquette (born October 3, 1984) is an American film and television actor.
Marquette was born Christopher George Rodríguez in Stuart, Florida, the son of Patricia Helen "Tisha" (née Marquette) and Jorge Luis "George" Rodriguez, a nuclear engineer. Marquette has two younger brothers, actors Eric Marquette and Sean Marquette. He supports charities such as the Sunshine Kids Foundation (to grant wishes of seriously ill, handicapped and abused children), Pediatric AIDS, and the Children's AIDS Fund.
In 1995 he made a brief appearance on SNL / season 21 episode 4. The 11 year old Marquette played a trick or treater in the opening halloween sketch. He forgets his line and whispers Damn under his breath, before Norm McDonald helps him out. In 2000, he made his first apperence in the best Disney film to date; Up, Up, and Away.
In 2004, he starred alongside actors Emile Hirsch and Elisha Cuthbert in the coming-of-age teen comedy The Girl Next Door. The same year, he became a series regular on the CBS show Joan of Arcadia opposite Amber Tamblyn and Jason Ritter (with whom Marquette co-starred with in the 2003 slasher film Freddy vs. Jason) before Joan of Arcadia's cancellation in early 2005.
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Chris Olivero
Christopher Anthony Olivero (born October 15, 1984 in Stockton, California) is an actor known for his guest roles on Boston Public, 24, CBS's CSI: Miami Ghost Whisperer, and his most recent role in the ABC Family channel program Kyle XY as Declan McDonough. He is married to former Summerland actress Alexandra Picatto as of August 12, 2006.
In 2005, he was also in Now You See It... as Hunter.
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Christina DeRosa
Christina DeRosa (born December 17, 1984 in Long Island, New York) is an American actress.
DeRosa is the daughter from the second-generation of Italian parents Thomas and Antoinette DeRosa.
She was first exposed to show business at the young age of eight when she was cast in her in The Wizard of Oz. After graduating from the UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television she attended programs such as The Larry Moss Studio, The Groundlings, and The Kahn Institute. She has been working steadily in film, television, and modeling.
Christina DeRosa has a regular role on Cinemax’s Zane's Sex Chronicles. Her credits include Comedy Central’s Reno 911!, General Hospital, The CW's Everybody Hates Chris, and HBO's Entourage in which she had the role of "Party Flasher" in the second episode of the fourth season called "The First Cut Is The Deepest", which was specifically written for her.[citation needed] She appeared in Extreme Movie, and The Grind in 2008 and is set to star in Marco Polo and Run! Bitch Run! in 2009.
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Christine Hargreaves
Christine Hargreaves (22 March 1939 – 12 August 1984) was an English actress who was best known for appearing as the character Christine Hardman in the soap opera Coronation Street between 1960-1963.
Hargreaves was one of the original cast members of Coronation Street. She first appeared in episode 2 and appeared in many episodes until she left in March 1963. Her character lived at number 13 with her mother May Hardman. When May died, Hargreaves' character got depressed. Her biggest storyline in the show was in 1962 when her character had a mental breakdown and climbed on top of the factory. Ken Barlow finally persuaded her to come down. She was also known for her argument with Ena Sharples in the corner shop. She was also in Pink Floyd The Wall, playing as Pink's mother.
Hargreaves died in August 1984 from a brain tumour at the age of 45.
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Christine Robinson
Christine Robinson (born May 17, 1984 in Pointe-Claire, Quebec) is a Canadian water polo player. She is a student at McGill University. She was part of the 7th place women's water polo team at the 2004 Summer Olympics.
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Claire Foy
Claire Foy (born 16 April 1984) is an English actress, best known for playing the title role in the BBC One production of Little Dorrit, Anna in the 2011 film Season of the Witch, and Erin Matthews in the Channel 4 series The Promise.
Foy was born in Stockport, and she grew up in Manchester and Leeds, the youngest of three children. Her family later moved to Longwick, Buckinghamshire for her father's job, a salesman for Rank Xerox. Her parents divorced when she was aged eight. She attended Aylesbury High School, a girls' grammar school, from the age of twelve; she then attended Liverpool John Moores University, studying drama and screen studies. She also trained in a one year course at the Oxford School of Drama. She graduated in 2007 and moved to Peckham to share a house "with five friends from drama school".
While at the Oxford School of Drama, Foy appeared in the plays Top Girls, Watership Down, Easy Virtue and Touched. After appearing on television, she made her professional stage debut in DNA and The Miracle, two of a trio of one acts directed by Paul Miller at the Royal National Theatre in London; the other one act was Baby Girl. She starred as the main protagonist Amy Dorrit in BBC mini-series Little Dorrit, and was nominated for an RTS Award. She went on to appear in TV movie Going Postal and in the Medieval adventure film Season of the Witch alongside Nicolas Cage. She also starred in the BBC revival of Upstairs Downstairs as Lady Persephone. Foy co-starred in the Channel 4 mini-series The Promise, broadcast in February 2011, which she described in an interview at the time as her "favourite job ever". She played a lead role of Helen in the TV movie The Night Watch, which was based on a Sarah Waters novel.
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Claudio Bieler
Claudio Daniel Bieler (born March 1, 1984 in Vera, Santa Fe) is an Argentine-born Ecuadorian footballer who plays as a forward for LDU Quito on loan from Racing.
In 2005 Bieler made his professional debut with Primera División Argentina squad Colón de Santa Fe. The following year he was loaned to Primera B Nacional Argentina squad Atlético Rafaela, where he led the league with sixteen goals. In 2007, he caught the eye of fellow Argentine Claudio Borghi who signed him to Colo-Colo. Bieler attained the 2007 Clausura championship in Chile with Colo Colo. Following his stay at Colo-Colo, Bieler was transferred to LDU Quito.
At LDU Quito, he built a reputation as a very capable striker. He was an integral part of the squad that won the 2008 Copa Libertadores (where he had a goal wrongfully disallowed for offsides in the final game) and the squad that was the runner-up of the 2008 FIFA Club World Cup. He was the team's top-scorer in 2008 with 17 goals, and was the Ecuadorian Serie A's top-scorer in 2009 with 22 goals. He provided the winning goal in Liga's win in the first leg of the 2009 Recopa Sudamericana and scored one of three goals in the second leg at home. In the 2009 Copa Sudamericana, he was the tournament's top-scorer with eight goals, including two hat-tricks against Argentine team Lanús and Uruguayan team River Plate.
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Clay Buchholz
Clayton Daniel Buchholz (born August 14, 1984) is an American professional baseball pitcher with the Boston Red Sox of Major League Baseball. On September 1, 2007, in just his second major league start, he recorded a no-hitter against the Baltimore Orioles, becoming the third MLB pitcher since 1900 to throw a no-hitter in his first or second start. He is the first Red Sox rookie and 17th Red Sox pitcher to pitch a no-hitter.
Raised in Lumberton, Texas, Buchholz played baseball for the local youth baseball leagues, and then for the Lumberton High School Raiders.
Buchholz began his college career in 2004 at McNeese State University. Also that year, he and a hometown friend were arrested for stealing 29 laptop computers from Lumberton Intermediate School, selling many to other students at McNeese. Buchholz later expressed regret, saying "That was a mistake. I was hanging out with the wrong person. But I think it helped me out in the long run." He was subsequently dismissed from the McNeese baseball team.
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Corey Sevier
Corey Daniel Sevier (born July 3, 1984) is a Canadian actor. He is perhaps best known for his role on the Fox television series North Shore as Gabriel McKay or as Timmy Cabot on the television series Lassie from the late 1990s.
Sevier was born in Ajax, Ontario, the son of Lynda and Bruce Sevier. Sevier first scored a modelling job at the mere age of six months, winning a baby beauty pageant. As a child actor, he notably appeared on the Goosebumps television series A Night in Terror Tower, Cry Of The Cat, and in the theatrical release Summer of the Monkeys. As a teenager, he played the role of Timmy Cabot in the 1997-1999 remake of the Lassie TV series, and also the character Dan in the Little Men TV series in 1998 and 1999. He later starred in the Canadian series 2030 CE as Hart Greyson. He briefly starred in the failed WB series Black Sash before landing his role on North Shore. He starred in the movie Decoys and its sequel Decoys 2: Alien Seduction. He starred opposite Elizabeth Berkley in the made-for-television movie Student Seduction which premiered on Lifetime in 2003. He also starred in the 2006 film Surf School.
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Count Basie
William "Count" Basie (August 21, 1904 – April 26, 1984) was an American jazz pianist, organist, bandleader, and composer. His mother first taught him piano and he started performing in his teens. Dropping out of school, he learned to operate lights for vaudeville and improvised to accompany silent films at a local theater in his town of Red Bank, New Jersey. By 16, he increasingly played jazz piano at parties, resorts and other venues. In 1924, he went to Harlem, where his performing career expanded; he toured with groups to the major jazz cities of Chicago, St. Louis and Kansas City. In 1929 he joined Bennie Moten's band in Kansas City, and played with them for years, until Moten's death in 1935.
That year Basie formed his own jazz orchestra, and in 1936 took them to Chicago for a long engagement and their first recording. He led the group for almost 50 years, creating innovations like the use of two "split" tenor saxophones, emphasizing the rhythm section, riffing with a big band, using arrangers to broaden their sound, and others. Many notable musicians came to prominence under his direction, including the tenor saxophonists Lester Young and Herschel Evans, the guitarist Freddie Green, trumpeters Buck Clayton and Harry "Sweets" Edison and singers Jimmy Rushing and Joe Williams. Basie's theme songs were "One O'Clock Jump," developed in 1935 in the early days of his band, and "April In Paris".
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Craig Beattie
Craig Beattie (born 16 January 1984) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays as a striker, for Scottish Premier League side Hearts. He started his career with Celtic before moving on to West Bromwich Albion and then Swansea City where he has had loan spells with several Football League clubs. He has seven caps for the Scotland national football team scoring once. He has also represented Scotland at u-19, u-21 and B levels.
Beattie trained with Hearts at under 12 level before starting his career as a schoolboy with Rangers, the team he supported in his youth[citation needed] but, after being released by manager Dick Advocaat, he joined Celtic.
During a Celtic under-19 pre-season friendly against prominent Irish side Derry City, Beattie scored all six goals in a 6–0 win. He went on to make his senior debut aged 19 on 6 August 2003, as a substitute in a UEFA Champions League qualifying round 1–0 victory against FBK Kaunas. He made his league debut on 16 August against Dundee United. In his debut season he made 17 appearances, including starting in the UEFA Cup match against Barcelona.
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Cullen Jones
Cullen Jones (born February 29, 1984 in New York, New York) is an American freestyle sprint swimmer and Olympic gold medalist.
Born in the Bronx borough of New York City, Jones moved to Irvington, New Jersey while in elementary school. He learned to swim after he was rescued from a near-drowning at a splash-down pool at Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom in Pennsylvania when he was five years old. He became an age-group swimmer at Metro Express, a club team at the Jewish Community Center in West Orange, NJ under head coach Ed Nessel. Jones later switched teams to the Jersey Gators Swim Club in Cranford.
Jones attended North Carolina State University, where he was an English major with a minor in psychology. He turned professional in the summer of 2006, after signing with Nike and burst onto the scene shortly after at the 2006 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships where he set a meet record in the 50 m freestyle with a time of 21.84. He also swam a leg (split of 47.96) in the world record breaking 4×100 m freestyle relay along with Michael Phelps, Jason Lezak and Garrett Weber-Gale. In 2007, he also won a gold medal in 4×100 m freestyle relay with the same teammates in 2007 World Aquatics Championships
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César Milstein
César Milstein FRS (8 October 1927 – 24 March 2002) was an Argentine biochemist in the field of antibody research. Milstein shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1984 with Niels Kaj Jerne and Georges J. F. Köhler.
Milstein was born in Bahía Blanca, Argentina, to a Jewish family. He graduated from the University of Buenos Aires and obtained a PhD under Professor Stoppani (Professor of Biochemistry) in the Medical School on kinetic studies with the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase. In 1958, funded by the British Council, he joined the Biochemistry Department at the University of Cambridge to work for a PhD under Malcolm Dixon on the mechanism of metal activation of the enzyme phosphoglucomutase. During this work he collaborated with Frederick Sanger whose group he joined with a short-term Medical Research Council appointment.
The major part of Milstein's research career was devoted to studying the structure of antibodies and the mechanism by which antibody diversity is generated. It was as part of this quest that in 1975 he, together with Georges Köhler (a postdoctoral fellow in his laboratory), developed the hybridoma technique for the production of monoclonal antibodies—a discovery recognised by the award of the 1984 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. This discovery led to an enormous expansion in the exploitation of antibodies in science and medicine.
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Dana Davis
Dana Davis (born October 4, 1978) is an American actress, most notable for playing Carmen Phillips on the TNT television series Franklin & Bash and Chastity Church on the ABC Family television series 10 Things I Hate About You.
Davis was born in Davenport, Iowa and attended Davenport North High School at the same city. She is a skilled violinist and attended Loyola Marymount University, graduating with a degree in music in 2006.
Davis appeared alongside teen actress Hilary Duff in Raise Your Voice. She has also appeared in Veronica Mars, That's So Raven, The O.C., Gilmore Girls, Point Pleasant, Pushing Daisies, and Hidden Palms.
In July 2007, The Hollywood Reporter announced that Davis would be joining the second season of the TV series Heroes, as Monica Dawson, who was described as a "young hero" willing to "give up everything to help the people around her". The character is the niece of D.L. Hawkins and first cousin of Micah Sanders. She has the power of muscle mimicry, meaning she can replicate any physically possible motion she witnesses. Although she was a main character in season 2 she did not appear in the third except in a deleted scene.[citation needed]
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Danay García
Danay García (born July 5, 1984) is a Cuban film actress. She played the role of Sofia Lugo in Fox network's drama series, Prison Break.
Danay Garcia was born and raised in Havana, Cuba. She has been dancing since she was 10 years old. Danay knows Ballet, Salsa, African Dance, Merengue, Belly Dancing, and Flamenco. Later on, she became a model. Danay currently works an actress, and was part of the cast of the television series Prison Break.
She presently lives in Los Angeles.
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Dani Woodward
Dani Woodward (born March 7, 1984) is the stage name of an American former pornographic actress.
Before joining the adult industry, Woodward graduated from a vocational school and worked as a medical assistant at a hospital. She moved from Detroit to Los Angeles to work in the industry.
According to the Sky Television documentary Porno Valley (Episode A Penny For Your Thong, World of Wonder Productions Inc., 2003), Woodward attempted to join Vivid Entertainment when she first entered the adult industry. She won the open competition, impressing the judges with her endurance and energy but did not secure the contract due to failing the required drug test.
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Daniel Agger
Daniel Munthe Agger (Danish: [dæˀnjəl ˈɑɡ̊ʌ]; born 12 December 1984) is a Danish footballer who plays as a defender for Liverpool and captains the Denmark national football team. He started his senior career at Danish club Brøndby IF in July 2004, with whom he won the 2005 Danish Superliga championship. The Liverpool fans have created a song for him to the tune of Agadoo.
In July 2004, he was moved from the youth squad to the first team, following the departure of Swedish international defender Andreas Jakobsson. Daniel Agger quickly established himself not only as a first team regular, but as one of the key components in the team that won the 2004–05 Danish Superliga championship. Despite his relative youth, he played with great authority and class under the guidance of Brøndby team captain Per Nielsen, and after the first half of the season Agger was named 2004 "talent of the year" by Spillerforeningen (the Danish equivalent of the English PFA).
After the successful Superliga 2004–05 season, Agger was called up to the senior Danish national football team for the 1–0 friendly win against Finland on 2 June 2005, playing the full match. Agger spent the next national team match on the bench before playing the full 4–1 friendly win on 17 August 2005 over England alongside Per Nielsen, where he caused problems for the English forwards, most notably Wayne Rooney. He played the whole 90 minutes in the next two national team matches, before an injury sustained in the 2005–06 Danish Superliga season in September forced him out for the remainder of 2005. Only 20 years of age, Daniel Agger was awarded the Danish "talent of the year" of all sports on 6 December 2005.
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Danson Tang
Danson Tang (Chinese: 唐禹哲; pinyin: Táng Yǔzhé) was born on 2 September 1984. He is a Taiwanese actor and Mandopop singer, who started his career as a model before pursuing an acting career and later singing. He is contracted to Eternity Entertainment Corporation (娛樂線股份有限公司) and managed by Comprise Boundless Entertainment (賢叔輯娛樂經紀).
He is currently studying English in Hsing Wu's College[citation needed] and is able to speak English and Mandarin Chinese.
On 9 July 2007, Danson is sign by Avex Taiwan and released his debut solo album Love Me (Chinese: 愛我) on 17 August 2007. This was followed by D's New Attraction (Chinese: D新引力) in 2009 and The First Second (Chinese: D1秒) in 2010. He is to release his first new song plus collection compilation album, Towards Tomorrow's Journey (開往明天的旅行) on 26 April 2011, in two versions, Guardian Edition (守護盤) and Journey Edition (啟程盤). It will contain 15 previously released tracks and three new songs, including lead track "開往明天的旅行" (Towards Tomorrow's Journey).
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Darin Brooks
Darin Lee Brooks (born May 27, 1984) is an American actor. He is known for his roles as Max Brady on Days of our Lives, and as Alex Moran on Blue Mountain State.
Darin Brooks was born and raised in Honolulu, Hawaii. Brooks enjoys surfing, skateboarding, playing baseball, football, and soccer. He also enjoys playing guitar, bass guitar, and drums. He used to play in a rock band in high school. Brooks is of Polish descent.
Brooks says he started his acting career with the theater program at his high school. He found his start when he played Rapunzel's Prince in his high school play, "Into the Woods". After he figured out acting was his thing, he enrolled in acting classes, began modeling, and worked as an extra in movies. Brooks was discovered by casting director Kathy Henderson. When Brooks moved to Los Angeles, he called Henderson immediately, took more acting classes, and got an agent. Two years after the move, he was starring on the NBC daytime drama, "Days of our Lives" as Max Brady. He has been cast in the Spike TV series Blue Mountain State as Alex Moran.
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Darren Bent
Darren Ashley Bent (born 6 February 1984) is an English footballer who plays for Aston Villa as a striker.
Bent started his career with Ipswich Town. After progressing through their youth system he made his first team debut in 2001. He made 122 appearances and scored 48 goals in the league for Ipswich, before joining Charlton Athletic for a fee of £2.5 million in 2005. He was Charlton Athletic's top goalscorer for two consecutive seasons and joined Tottenham Hotspur for a club record fee of £16.5 million in 2007. After two seasons at Tottenham he joined Sunderland. After a successful 18 months at Sunderland, he joined Aston Villa in 2011.
He has represented England at under-15, under-16, under-17, under-19, under-21 and senior levels. He made 14 appearances and scored nine goals for the under-21 side, after making his debut against Italy in 2003. He made his debut for the senior England side in 2006 against Uruguay, and has since made 11 appearances for England, scoring four goals. He scored his first goal on 7 September 2010 in a 3–1 UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying match victory against Switzerland.
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Darren Fletcher
Darren Barr Fletcher (born 1 February 1984 in Edinburgh) is a Scottish footballer who plays as a central midfielder for English Premier League club Manchester United. He is the current captain of Scottish national team. The industrious footballer has also played as a right winger or as an emergency defender. Fletcher is a midfielder whose passing and tackling are exemplary, as is his discipline and commitment to the cause.
Fletcher came through the ranks of Manchester United's Youth Academy and has won four Premier Leagues, one FA Cup, two League Cups, the UEFA Champions League and the FIFA Club World Cup. Fletcher was included in the PFA Premier League Team of the Year for 2009–10.
Fletcher made his Scotland debut in 2003 and scored his first international goal on his second appearance. After Barry Ferguson was banned from international football because of a breach of regulations, Fletcher was given the captain's armband in August 2009. Fletcher has since gained 58 caps and scored five goals for Scotland.
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Davetta Sherwood
Davetta Sherwood (born January 27, 1984) is an American actress and musician. Sherwood first worked as a child model before venturing into an acting career including appearing in music videos and guest appearances. Her first breakthrough acting role was on the Emmy award-winning soap opera The Young and the Restless, that earned her a nomination for the NAACP Image Award for "Outstanding Actress in a Daytime Drama Series". In 2008, Sherwood launched her production company, 5 Foot Nuthin Productions. She claims the company was inspired by her stage play, titled Exactly Different, which will be adapted into a film in the near future.
Sherwood was born and raised a devout Roman Catholic and at a young age her parents divorced. Sherwood later began acting at the age of seven and appeared in several school productions throughout middle and high school including A Raisin in the Sun, The Wizard of Oz, Annie, and A Star Spangle Girl.
At the age of 8, Sherwood and her mother left New York for Maryland. Sherwood began to show an interest in acting and her mother took notice. Her mother took on the role of 'momager' and along with Sherwood left Maryland for Inland Empire, California. She attended Pershing Middle School,Valley View High School and also attended the prestigious boarding school Northfield Mount Hermon School during the summer.
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David Gorcey
David Gorcey' (February 6, 1921 – October 23, 1984) was an American actor and comedian best known as being a member of the comedy team of The Bowery Boys. He was the younger brother of Dead End Kids member Leo Gorcey.
David Gorcey was born in Washington Heights, Manhattan, New York and entered the entertainment business at a young age. He appeared in vaudeville during his childhood, and eventually made it to the stage and screen.[citation needed]
He is not usually thought of as one of the "original" Dead End Kids, but he did have a small role in the 1935 Broadway production of Sidney Kingsley's "Dead End". During his time as a cast member of "Dead End", David helped secure a role for his older brother Leo, who ultimately became a star while David remained a supporting character.
Although not in the movie Dead End (1937), David Gorcey was actually featured in more of the Dead End Kids/East Side Kids/Bowery Boys movies than anyone else except Huntz Hall. For five years he was credited as "David Condon" (or in one instance, "David Conden"), using his mother's maiden name to avoid accusations of nepotism. He reverted to his real name in 1957. He occasionally appeared apart from the gang, in such films as Sergeant Madden (1939), The Babe Ruth Story (1948), and Abbott and Costello in the Foreign Legion (1950).[citation needed]
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David Lange
David Russell Lange, ONZ, CH (/ˈlɒŋi/LONG-ee; 4 August 1942 – 13 August 2005), served as the 32nd Prime Minister of New Zealand from 1984 to 1989. He headed New Zealand's fourth Labour Government, one of the most reforming administrations in his country's history, but one which did not always conform to traditional expectations of a social-democrat party. He had a reputation for cutting wit (sometimes directed against himself) and eloquence. His government implemented far-reaching free-market reforms. Helen Clark has described New Zealand's nuclear-free legislation as his legacy.
Lange was born in Otahuhu, a south Auckland suburb as the son of a doctor of German stock. His relatives had suffered from prejudice during the First World War due to their German ancestry, and Lange himself would face a political rival in 1984 who tried to discredit him because of his German heritage. He received his formal education at Fairburn Primary School, Otara Intermediate School and Otahuhu College, then at the University of Auckland, where he graduated in law in 1965. He paid his way through university by working in a meat-freezing works. In 1968 he married Naomi Crampton. He gained a Master of Laws in 1970, then practised law in Northland and Auckland for some years, often giving legal representation to the most dispossessed members of Auckland society.
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David Tavaré
David Tavaré (born on December 20, 1984) is a Spanish singer and House Music DJ .
David Tavare was born on December 20, 1984 in Pollenca, Spain. He is the son of a legendary Spanish guitar player. Two of his uncles are English comedian Jim Tavaré and former England Test cricketer Chris Tavaré.
David was brought up on a holiday island and the Mediterranean way of life inspired him. David had always dreamed of being a singer but when he saw Operacion Triunfo, the Spanish version of Pop Idol on television, he knew: “This is what I want, I want to sing on a stage”. The finalist of the successful television show, David Bustamante, was his singing teacher.
"Hot Summer Night (Oh La La La)" was his second song, featuring 2 Eivissa, released first in July 2007 in Spain, where it was a top two hit, then twelve months later in France where it was so successful, becoming one of the summer hits.
David Tavaré released first studio album "La vida viene y va" in late 2008. The next single after "Hot Summer Night" is "Call Me Baby (If You Don't Know My Name)". The music video has been released in November 2008. An unofficial remix of the song was released by DJ Party Slayer under the name "If You Don't Know My Name" as the second single off of his third studio album “I’m World War III”. It reached #1 on the "Party World Bubblegum Top 100 Singles Charts" and its promo video topped the "Party World Top 40 Videos"
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David Von Erich
David Alan Adkisson (July 22, 1958 – February 10, 1984) was an American professional wrestler who competed as "The Yellow Rose of Texas" David Von Erich (of the Von Erich Family). He was the son of Fritz Von Erich and the brother of Jack Jr., Kerry, Kevin, Mike and Chris.
David was named after his mother Doris' brother David, who had died only months before David Von Erich was born in 1958. Doris' brother David had died of a brain tumor.
David, along with brothers Kevin and Kerry, loved to hunt and fish with their father; Fritz. Hunting on the Von Erich ranch was quite an event. Many of their relatives and friends would join in and sometimes the hunting group would be 20 or more. WCCW Referee David Manning and WCCW Announcer Bill Mercer were quite often among the group. David's first love in life was raising horses, which turned out to be very profitable for him. He raised and sold quarter horses and horses for show and made his own fortune that way, apart from the family business of wrestling.
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Delta Goodrem
Delta Lea Goodrem (born 9 November 1984) is an Australian singer-songwriter and pianist. Born and raised in Sydney, Australia, she enrolled in dancing, acting, singing and piano classes at a young age. She began her career as a child actress, starring in various television shows and rose to prominence in 2002 in the Australian soap opera Neighbours as Nina Tucker.
Venturing into the music industry, Goodrem recorded an album entitled Delta through an independent label, which was never released due to legal reasons. Subsequently signing to Sony at the age of 15, she released her multi-platinum album Innocent Eyes which topped the Australian albums chart and UK Albums Chart. It became one of the highest selling albums in Australian history, with 4.5 million copies sold worldwide and all five of its singles— "Born to Try", "Lost Without You", "Innocent Eyes", "Not Me, Not I", and "Predictable"—reaching number one in Australia and three of them reaching the top ten in the UK. This gave her the record for becoming the first ever artist to have five Number 1 singles from a debut album.
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Denis Lortie
Denis Lortie is a former Canadian army corporal. In 1984, he stormed into the National Assembly of Quebec building and killed three Quebec government employees.
Cpl Lortie was a Supply Technician in the Canadian Forces and was disgruntled with a number of policies of the Quebec and federal governments. He planned a killing spree as a means of broadcasting his discontent.
On May 7 of that year, Lortie left the CFS Carp military base (better known as the Diefenbunker) pretending that he needed time off to arrange a divorce with his wife. Instead, he rented a car, drove to Quebec City and took a guided tour of the Quebec Parliament Building. He then rented a room in a motel on Laurier Boulevard for the night.
The next day, at 9:30 a.m., Lortie walked into CJRP radio station in Quebec City and dropped off a sealed envelope containing an audiotape for one of the station's hosts, André Arthur. He instructed the radio staff not to open the envelope until 10:30 a.m. but they opened it anyway, discovering that it was a statement of Lortie's plans, in which he declared that "The government now in power is going to be destroyed." However, by the time radio staff contacted police, Lortie's plan had already been put into action.
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Desmond Tutu
Desmond Mpilo Tutu (born 7 October 1931) is a South African activist and retired Anglican bishop who rose to worldwide fame during the 1980s as an opponent of apartheid. He was the first black South African Archbishop of Cape Town, South Africa, and primate of the Church of the Province of Southern Africa (now the Anglican Church of Southern Africa).
Tutu has been active in the defense of human rights and uses his high profile to campaign for the oppressed. He has campaigned to fight AIDS, tuberculosis, poverty, racism, sexism, homophobia, and transphobia. Tutu received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1984; the Albert Schweitzer Prize for Humanitarianism in 1986; the Pacem in Terris Award in 1987; the Sydney Peace Prize in 1999; the Gandhi Peace Prize in 2005; and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2009. Tutu has also compiled several books of his speeches and sayings.
Desmond Mpilo Tutu was born in Klerksdorp, Transvaal, the second of the three children of Zacheriah Zililo Tutu and his wife, Aletta, and the only son. Tutu's family moved to Johannesburg when he was twelve. His father was a teacher and his mother was a cleaner and cook at a school for the blind. Here he met Trevor Huddleston who was a parish priest in the black slum of Sophiatown. "One day," said Tutu, "I was standing in the street with my mother when a white man in a priest's clothing walked past. As he passed us he took off his hat to my mother. I couldn't believe my eyes – a white man who greeted a black working class woman!"
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Diana Dors
Diana Dors (23 October 1931 – 4 May 1984) was an English actress, born Diana Mary Fluck in Swindon, Wiltshire. Considered the English equivalent of the blonde bombshells of Hollywood, Dors described herself as, "The only sex symbol Britain has produced since Lady Godiva."
Diana Mary Fluck was born in Swindon, Wiltshire, on 23 October 1931, at the Haven Nursing Home. Her mother Mary was married to Albert Fluck, but had a sexual relationship with their lodger Gerald Lack. When Mary announced she was pregnant with Diana, she admitted she had no clear idea which of them was the father.
Educated at Colville House, like many children of the time Fiana enjoyed the cinema; her heroines from age 8 onwards were the Hollywood sirens Veronica Lake, Lana Turner and Jean Harlow.
Having excelled in her elocution studies, after lying about her age, in 1946 aged 14 she was offered a place to study at London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art, becoming the college's youngest ever student. She lodged at the Earls Court YWCA, and supplemented her £2 per week allowance, most of which was spent on her lodgings, by posing for the London Camera Club for one guinea (£1.05) an hour. Signed to the Gordon Harbord Agency, in her first term she won a bronze medal, awarded by Peter Ustinov, and in her second won a silver with honours, awarded by casting director Eric L'Epine Smith.
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Diana Mocanu
Diana Iuliana Mocanu (born July 19, 1984 in Brăila, Romania) is a former an Olympic and national record holding swimmer from Romania. She swam for Romania at the 2000 Olympics, where she won in the 100 and 200 backstrokes, both in Romanian Records. She also won in the 200 meter backstroke at the 2001 World Aquatics Championships.
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Dizzee Rascal
Dylan Kwabena Mills (born 18 September 1984), better known by his stage name Dizzee Rascal, is a UK and US-based rapper, songwriter and record producer of Ghanaian and Nigerian descent. His music is a blend of garage, hip hop, grime, ragga, pop and electronic music, with eclectic samples and more exotic styles. Best known for his number-one hits "Dance wiv Me", "Bonkers", "Holiday", "Dirtee Disco" & "Shout", his debut album, Boy in da Corner, won him the 2003 Mercury Prize. Follow-up albums Showtime, Maths + English and Tongue n' Cheek have all been critically acclaimed and certified gold, the last going platinum for sales exceeding 300,000 units.
Mills' Nigerian father died when he was young, and he was raised in Bow, in the East End of London in a single-parent family by his Ghanaian mother Priscilla, about whom he says: "I had issues as a kid. I was violent and disruptive. The way my mum helped was by finding me a different school every time I got kicked out, always fighting to keep me in the school system" he attended St Pauls Way Community School.
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Dom Mintoff
Dom Mintoff (born Dominic Mintoff, Maltese Duminku Mintoff; sometimes referred to simply as il-Perit (the architect); August 6, 1916) is a Maltese politician, journalist and architect, who served as leader of the Labour Party from 1949 to 1984, Prime Minister of Malta from 1955 to 1958 (when Malta was still a British crown colony) and again, post-Independence, from 1971 to 1984. Mintoff's time as Prime Minister was notable for a general increase in the average standard of living and the establishment of a comprehensive welfare state.
Dom Mintoff was born in Bormla. He attended the Archbishop's seminary before enrolling at the University of Malta. He graduated Bachelor of Science (1937) and, later, as an architect and civil engineer (1939). That same year he received a scholarship and pursued his studies at Hertford College, Oxford University from where he received a Masters in Science and Engineering in 1943.
After a brief stint as an official of the Bormla Labour Party club, Mintoff was Labour's Secretary General between 1935 and 1945 (resigning briefly to pursue his studies abroad). He was first elected to public office in 1945 to the Government Council. In the same year, Mintoff was elected Deputy Leader of the Party with such a wide margin that placed him in an indisputable position as the successor, if not a challenger, to the Leader Paul Boffa.
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Drew Hankinson
Andrew "Drew" Hankinson (born December 22, 1983) is an American professional wrestler. He was best known for his time with World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), where he appeared under the ring names Festus and Luke Gallows. Drew Hankinson currently wrestles on the Independent Circuit as Keith Hanson.
Hankinson was also known for his appearances as an impostor of the wrestler Kane, before his role as Festus, the tag team partner of Jesse, while they were part of the tag team Jesse and Festus on the SmackDown brand, from June 2007 until the WWE's annual draft saw the team separated during the spring of 2009. After a few months, he reappeared as the enforcer and "disciple" of CM Punk, sporting a cleaner, militant look, with the Festus character's "real identity" revealed as Luke Gallows.
Hankinson began his career in West Virginia with Mason Dixon Wrestling and in Pennsylvania with the World Star Wrestling Federation (AWA/World Star Wrestling), Summit Wrestling Association of Southern Pennsylvania, and Maryland-based promotions National Wrestling League and the Eastern Wrestling Alliance, wrestling as Dorian Deville, and for West Virginia's Championship Pro Wrestling as the masked wrestler, Dargon. In April 2005, despite failing to make it as one of the final ten contestants on the $1,000,000 Tough Enough, he was signed to a contract by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) and was assigned to the Deep South Wrestling (DSW) developmental territory where he formed a partnership with Palmer Cannon. Hankinson wrestled in DSW as Deacon Deville before changing his ring name to The Freakin' Deacon.
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Dwayne Bowe
Dwayne Lorenzo Bowe (born September 21, 1984 in Miami, Florida) is an American football wide receiver for the Kansas City Chiefs of the National Football League. He was drafted by the Chiefs 23rd overall in the 2007 NFL Draft. He played college football at Louisiana State.
Born to an unwed mother and a largely absent father, Dwayne Bowe and his older brother Wayne were raised by their paternal grandparents, KW and Dorothy Williams in Miami, Florida. At Parkway Middle school, Bowe struggled with academics and was involved with street gangs and fighting. He grew into a big, athletic teenager but was not involved in sports until his junior year in high school, when he was hospitalized after being beaten badly in a nightclub fight. As a way to give up fighting, Dwayne decided to join the high school football team at Miami Norland High School. In his very first game, he returned a kickoff 101 yards for a touchdown. Later, Bowe accepted an offer from Nick Saban to play for Louisiana State University on an athletic scholarship.
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Ed Gein
Edward Theodore "Ed" Gein ( /ˈɡiːn/; August 27, 1906 – July 26, 1984) was an American murderer and body snatcher. His crimes, committed around his hometown of Plainfield, Wisconsin, gathered widespread notoriety after authorities discovered Gein had exhumed corpses from local graveyards and fashioned trophies and keepsakes from their bones and skin. After police found body parts in his house in 1957, Gein confessed to killing two women: tavern owner Mary Hogan, in 1954; and a Plainfield hardware store owner, Bernice Worden, in 1957.
Initially found unfit to stand trial, following confinement in a mental health facility he was tried in 1968 for the murder of Worden and sentenced to life imprisonment, which he spent in a mental hospital. The body of Bernice Worden was found in Gein's shed; her head and the head of Mary Hogan were found inside his house. Robert H. Gollmar, the judge in the Gein case, wrote: "Due to prohibitive costs, Gein was tried for only one murder — that of Mrs. Worden." With fewer than three murders attributed to him, Gein does not meet the traditional definition of a serial killer. His case influenced the creation of several fictional serial killers, including Norman Bates from Psycho, Leatherface from The Texas Chainsaw Massacre and Jame Gumb from The Silence of the Lambs.
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Eleni Ioannou
Eleni Ioannou (January 13, 1984 - August 24, 2004) was a member of the Greek judo team. She was due to compete at the 2004 Summer Olympics.
On August 7, 2004, she jumped from a third floor balcony of an apartment building, then spent the next 17 days in critical condition until she died.
The suicide incident occurred shortly after an episode with Eleni's boyfriend, Giorgos Chrisostomides. On August 9, he jumped from the same balcony, but recovered from his injuries.
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Elizabeth Goudge
Elizabeth de Beauchamp Goudge (b. 24 April 1900 in Wells, England – d. 1 April 1984) was an English author of novels, short stories and children's books as Elizabeth Goudge. A best-selling author in the UK and the US from the 1930s through the 1970s, her books gained renewed media attention when her book, The Rosemary Tree was plagiarized as Crane's Morning by Indrani Aikath-Gyaltsen in 1993, and received rave reviews in both the New York Times and the Washington Post. Elizabeth Goudge was a former vice-president of the Romantic Novelists' Association.
Elizabeth de Beauchamp Goudge was born on 24 April 1900 in the cathedral city of Wells, where her father, Henry Leighton Goudge, was vice-principal of the Theological College. The family moved to Ely when he became principal of the Theological College there and then to Christ Church, Oxford when he was appointed Regius Professor of Divinity at the University. Elizabeth was educated at Grassendale School, Southbourne (1914–18), and at the art school at University College Reading, then an extension college of Christ Church. She went on to teach design and handicrafts in Ely and Oxford.
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Elizabeth II
Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; born 21 April 1926) is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms, and head of the 54-member Commonwealth of Nations. She is also head of state of the Crown Dependencies.
Elizabeth was born in London, and educated privately at home. Her father acceded to the throne as George VI in 1936 on the abdication of his brother Edward VIII. She began to undertake public duties during the Second World War, in which she served in the Auxiliary Territorial Service. On the death of her father in 1952, she became Head of the Commonwealth and queen regnant of seven independent Commonwealth countries: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan, and Ceylon. Her coronation service in 1953 was the first to be televised. Between 1956 and 1992, the number of her realms varied as territories gained independence and some realms became republics. Today, in addition to the first four aforementioned countries, Elizabeth is Queen of Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize, Antigua and Barbuda, and Saint Kitts and Nevis.
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Emily Barclay
Emily Barclay (born 24 October 1984, Plymouth, UK) is an English-born, New Zealand AFI award winning actress.
Emily Barclay has performed in a wide variety of film and television roles. However, it wasn't until Diana Rowan (the same casting agent who discovered Anna Paquin, Keisha Castle-Hughes, and Jonathan Taylor Thomas) cast her as "Celia" in 2004's In My Father's Den that she rose to prominence.
Barclay won Most Promising Newcomer at the 2005 British Independent Film Awards for her performance in In My Father's Den, she followed with a role in the critically acclaimed 2006 black comedy Suburban Mayhem directed by Paul Goldman.
Barclay is currently represented by United Agents
Barclay also starred in the music video "Big Jet Plane" by "Angus & Julia Stone" which was directed by Kiku Ohe in 2010.
The actress has had an active involvement in animal rights, working with the organisation Save Animals From Exploitation in anti-cruelty campaigns, including having posters put in her room in In My Fathers Den; she is a vegan.
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Emiri Miyasaka
Emiri Miyasaka (宮坂 絵美里, Miyasaka Emiri?) (born June 16, 1984) is a Japanese model. She was born and raised in Tokyo, Japan. She competed in the Miss Universe 2009 pageant on August 23, 2009 held in Nassau, Bahamas and was unplaced.
Miyasaka speaks some English, having spent ten months in California attending school. She placed 2nd runner-up at Miss International Japan 2008.
Miyasaka beat more than 3,000 applicants for this year's title of Miss Universe Japan. The judging panel included Miss Universe Japan national director Ines Ligron, singer Shizuka Kudo, Chiba Lotte Marines baseball manager Bobby Valentine, Miss Universe 2006 runner-up Kurara Chibana, TV personality Girolamo Panzetta, and DJ & TV host Chris Peppler. Miyasaka received a lot of attention after her win, especially after being invited to the Prime Minister's office which is an honor reserved to very important people only.
Emiri was trained by national pageant director Ligron along with Hiroko Mima, who prepared Emiri Miyasaka for Miss Universe 2009. Emiri was missed the first cut.
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Emma Lahana
Emma Kate Lahana (born 27 June 1984) is a New Zealand actress and singer, known for her roles as Kira Ford on Power Rangers: Dino Thunder and Charlotte Monroe on Hellcats.
Played Erin Kingston on New Zealand TV drama Shortland Street and also appeared on Street Legal. She also portrayed the role of Fiona in Disney's You Wish!. In summer 2003, Emma landed the role of Kira Ford, the Yellow Power Ranger on Power Rangers: Dino Thunder. She plays a pretty, music loving, tomboyish character who becomes a courageous Power Ranger.
Lahana appeared in an episode of the fourth season of Stargate Atlantis, "Outcast", and as the waitress abducted by a serial killer on the third season episode of Psych.
Lahana acted in the 2007 release,where her parents were brutally murdered, and wants revenge. Alien Agent.
Lahana plays Alyssa, the girlfriend of Jason Moss in the true-crime thriller Dear Mr. Gacy.
In 2010, Lahana played the role of Beth in Seven Deadly Sins which premiered on Lifetime in May. The 1st part premiered on 23 May while the 2nd part premieres on 24 May 2010.
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Emmanuel Adebayor
Sheyi Emmanuel Adebayor (born 26 February 1984), known as Emmanuel Adebayor, is a Togolese footballer who is signed to Manchester City and is currently on loan to Tottenham where he plays as a striker. He plays in the same position for the Togo national team. Adebayor previously played for Metz, Monaco and Arsenal and was voted African Footballer of the Year for 2008. In January 2010, Adebayor was one of the players involved when the Togo national team's bus came under a gunfire attack on the way to the 2010 Africa Cup of Nations in Angola.
In his first season, he played nine games and scored twice. In the 2002–03 season, Adebayor scored 17 goals in 35 games. He signed a new contract with Monaco in 2003, and he scored seven goals in 17 appearances, helping them reach the 2004 UEFA Champions League Final with two goals in 10 games.
On 13 January 2006, Arsenal signed Adebayor for a reported £7m. He was given the nickname "Baby Kanu" due to his resemblance to former Arsenal star Nwankwo Kanu, whom Adebayor had idolised as a youth. On 4 February 2006, Adebayor made his Arsenal debut in a Premiership match at Birmingham City and scored after 21 minutes, with Arsenal winning 2–0. At the end of his first season for the Gunners he had scored four goals in ten matches. However, Adebayor was cup-tied for Arsenal's 2005–06 Champions League campaign as they reached the final against Barcelona, having appeared for Monaco in the qualifying rounds of the competition.
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Enrico Berlinguer
Enrico Berlinguer (Italian pronunciation: [berliŋˈɡwɛr]) (25 May 1922 – 11 June 1984) was an Italian politician; he was national secretary of the Italian Communist Party (Partito Comunista Italiano or PCI) from 1972 until his death.
The son of Mario Berlinguer and Maria Loriga, Enrico Berlinguer was born in Sassari, Italy to a noble and important Sardinian family, in a notable cultural context, with family ties and political contacts that would heavily influence his life and career. His surname 'Berlinguer' is of Catalan origin, a reminder of the period when Sardinia was part of the dominions of the Crown of Aragon.
He was a cousin of Francesco Cossiga (who was a leader of the Italian Christian Democrats and later became a President of the Italian Republic), and both were relatives of Antonio Segni, another Christian Democrat leader and President of the Republic. Enrico's grandfather, Enrico Berlinguer Sr., was the founder of La Nuova Sardegna, an important Sardinian newspaper, and a personal friend of Giuseppe Garibaldi and Giuseppe Mazzini, whom he had helped in his attempts through his parliamentary work to improve the sad conditions on the island.
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Eric Morecambe
John Eric Bartholomew OBE (14 May 1926 – 28 May 1984), known by his stage name Eric Morecambe, was an English comedian who together with Ernie Wise formed the award-winning double act Morecambe and Wise. The partnership lasted from 1941 until Morecambe's death of a heart attack in 1984. Eric took his stage name from his home town, the seaside resort of Morecambe.
He is best remembered for the television series The Morecambe & Wise Show, which for some of its Christmas episodes gained UK viewing figures of over twenty-eight million people. The duo's reputation enabled them to have a number of prestigious guests on the show, including Angela Rippon, Cliff Richard, Laurence Olivier, John Mills, the Dad's Army cast, Glenda Jackson, Shirley Bassey, Tom Jones, Elton John, The Beatles and even former Prime Minister Harold Wilson.[citation needed]
Eric Morecambe was born as John Eric Bartholomew to George and Sadie Bartholomew. Sadie was determined to see her only child make a success of his life, and took work as a waitress to raise funds for his dancing lessons. He didn't enjoy these lessons at the time, although they were to come in handy during his later life. During this period, Eric Bartholomew won numerous talent contests, most notably in Hoylake in 1940, the prize for which was an audition with Jack Hylton. Also present was another young talent named Ernest Wiseman, already a familiar voice from Arthur Askey's radio series Band Waggon.[citation needed] This was the first meeting of what was to become one of the United Kingdom's most loved comedy partnerships, although it was to be a further two years before they would team up. Three months after the audition, Hylton invited Eric to join a revue called Youth Takes a Bow at the Nottingham Empire, where once more he encountered Ernie. The two soon became very close friends, and with Sadie's encouragement started to develop a double act. In 1940, Eric left school at the age of 14.[citation needed]
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Eric Staal
Eric Craig Staal (born October 29, 1984) is a Canadian ice hockey player and the captain of the Carolina Hurricanes of the National Hockey League. He is the older brother of Marc Staal, who is playing for the New York Rangers, Jordan Staal, who is playing for the Pittsburgh Penguins, and Jared Staal, who is playing for the AHL's Charlotte Checkers.
Staal grew up playing minor hockey in his hometown of Thunder Bay, Ontario. He played AAA for the Thunder Bay Kings organization and led his Bantam team to an All-Ontario Championship in 1999-2000. After that season, Staal was selected in the 1st round (13th overall) in the 2000 OHL Priority Selection by the Peterborough Petes.
Staal was selected second overall in the 2003 NHL Entry Draft by the Carolina Hurricanes, behind number 1 pick Marc-André Fleury. He had played for the Peterborough Petes of the OHL the year before, scoring 98 points in 66 games.
He played his first season in the National Hockey League right after being drafted. In 2004, Staal played in the YoungStars game as part of the 2004 NHL All-Star festivities.
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Ernest Laszlo
Ernest Laszlo, A.S.C. (April 23, 1898, Budapest – January 6, 1984, Los Angeles, California) was a Hungarian-American cinematographer for over 60 films, and was known for his frequent collaborations with directors Robert Aldrich and Stanley Kramer. He was a member of the American Society of Cinematographers, and was its president from 1972 to 1974.
Born in Budapest, he emigrated to the United States and began working as a camera operator on such silent films as Wings (1927). Between 1927 and 1977, he served as cinematographer on sixty-nine films. Between 1961 and 1976 Laszlo was nominated for eight Academy Awards for Best Cinematography, and won the award in 1966 for Ship of Fools.
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Ernest Tubb
Ernest Dale Tubb (February 9, 1914 – September 6, 1984), nicknamed the Texas Troubadour, was an American singer and songwriter and one of the pioneers of country music. His biggest career hit song, "Walking the Floor Over You" (1941), marked the rise of the honky tonk style of music. In 1948, he was the first singer to record a hit version of "Blue Christmas", a song more commonly associated with Elvis Presley and his mid-1950s version. Another well-known Tubb hit was "Waltz Across Texas" (1965), which became one of his most requested songs and is often used in dance halls throughout Texas during waltz lessons. Tubb recorded duets with the then up-and-coming Loretta Lynn in the early 1960s, including their hit "Sweet Thang". Tubb is a member of the Country Music Hall of Fame.
Tubb was born on a cotton farm near Crisp, in Ellis County, Texas (now a ghost town). His father was a sharecropper, so Tubb spent his youth working on farms throughout the state. He was inspired by Jimmie Rodgers and spent his spare time learning to sing, yodel, and play the guitar. At age 19 he took a job as a singer on San Antonio radio station KONO-AM. The pay was low so Tubb also dug ditches for the Works Progress Administration and then clerked at a drug store. In 1939 he moved to San Angelo, Texas and was hired to do a 15-minute afternoon live show on radio station KGKL-AM. He drove a beer delivery truck in order to support himself during this time, and during World War II he wrote and recorded a song titled "Beautiful San Angelo".
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Estelle Winwood
Estelle Winwood (24 January 1883 – 20 June 1984) was an English stage and film actress who moved to the United States in mid-career and became celebrated for her longevity.
Born Estelle Ruth Goodwin in Lee, Kent in 1883, she decided at the age of five that she wanted to be an actress. With her mother's support, but her father's disapproval, she trained with the Lyric Stage Academy in London, before making her professional debut in Johannesburg at the age of 20. During the First World War she joined the Liverpool Repertory Company in Liverpool, Lancashire before moving on to a career in the West End theatre in London.
She moved to the U.S. in 1916 and made her Broadway début in New York City; and, until the beginning of the 1930s, she divided her time between New York City and London. Throughout her career, her first love was the theatre; and, as the years passed, she appeared less frequently in London and became a frequent performer on Broadway. Her many successes include A Successful Calamity (1917), A Little Journey (1918), Spring Cleaning (1923), The Distaff Side (1934), The Importance of Being Earnest (which she also directed, 1939), When We Are Married (1939), Ladies in Retirement (1940), The Pirate (1942), Ten Little Indians (1944), Lady Windermere's Fan (1947), and The Madwoman of Chaillot (1948).
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Ethel Merman
Ethel Merman (January 16, 1908 – February 15, 1984) was an American actress and singer. Known primarily for her powerful voice and roles in musical theatre, she has been called "the undisputed First Lady of the musical comedy stage." Among the many standards introduced by Merman in Broadway musicals are "I Got Rhythm", "Everything's Coming Up Roses", "Some People", "Rose's Turn", "I Get a Kick Out of You", "It's De-Lovely", "Friendship", "You're the Top", "Anything Goes", and "There's No Business Like Show Business", which later became her theme song.
Merman was born Ethel Agnes Zimmermann in her maternal grandmother's house located at 265 4th Street in Astoria, Queens, in New York City in 1908, though she would later emphatically declare that it was actually 1912. Her father, Edward Zimmermann (1879–1977), was an accountant with James H. Dunham & Company, a Manhattan wholesale dry-goods company, and her mother, Agnes (née Gardner; 1883–1974), was a school teacher. Zimmermann had been raised in the Dutch Reformed Church and his wife was Presbyterian, but shortly after they were wed they joined the Episcopalian congregation at Church of the Redeemer, where Merman was baptized. Her parents were strict about church attendance, and every Sunday she spent the day there, first at morning services, followed by Sunday school, an afternoon prayer meeting, and an evening study group for children.
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Eva Marcille
Eva Marcille (born October 30, 1984) is an American actress, TV host and fashion model, who most recently played the role of Tyra Hamilton on the soap opera The Young and the Restless. She started her career by winning the third cycle of America's Next Top Model. She was previously credited by her birth name, Eva Pigford. In an interview with B. Scott, she revealed that she changed her name for acting purposes; Marcille is her middle name, an amalgam of "Marjorie" and "Lucille," her grandmothers' names.
Eva Marcille Pigford was born in Los Angeles, California to an African-American mother and a Puerto Rican father. She attended Raymond Avenue Elementary School, Marina Del Rey Middle School, and Washington Preparatory High School (2002). She attended Clark Atlanta University in Atlanta, Georgia; however, she left the school shortly after winning the third cycle of America's Next Top Model.
Marcille was the winner of the third cycle of America's Next Top Model, beating fellow contestants Yaya Da Costa and Amanda Swafford. Her prizes included a CoverGirl cosmetics contract, a spread in Elle, and a modeling contract with Ford Models.
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Fantasia Barrino
Fantasia Monique Barrino (born June 30, 1984), commonly known simply as Fantasia, is an American R&B singer and actress. She rose to fame as the winner of the third season of the reality television series American Idol in 2004. Following her victory, she released her debut single, "I Believe", which debuted at number one on the Billboard Hot 100. Subsequently, she released her debut album, Free Yourself, which went on to be certified Platinum by the RIAA and garnered Barrino three Grammy nominations in 2006.
In 2006, she released her second album, Fantasia, which featured the single "When I See U" which topped the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart for eight weeks. The album was certified Gold by the RIAA and received three Grammy nominations in 2008. She then played the part of Celie in the Broadway musical The Color Purple, for which she won a 2007 Theatre World Award. Her third studio album, Back to Me, was released worldwide on August 24, 2010 and features the single "Bittersweet," which peaked in the top ten on the R&B chart. The single won her a Grammy for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance. As of February 2012, Barrino has sold 2,842,000 albums and 1,425,000 tracks in the United States.
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Farveez Maharoof
Mohamed Farveez Maharoof (born 7 September 1984 in Colombo) is a Sri Lankan cricketer. He first made his impression in the 2004 U19 World Cup in which he captained the Sri Lankan team. He enjoyed a prolific school career for Wesley College, with a highest score of 243 and best bowling figures of 8 for 20. An all-rounder, he made his Test debut in 2004. He has featured more frequently in One Day Internationals (ODIs) and has played nearly 100 for Sri Lanka since 2004. At domestic level, he has represented Bloomfield, Nondescripts, Wayamba, Delhi Daredevils, and Lancashire.
Born in Columbo, Farveez Maharoof began playing cricket around the age of eight . He also played football until he was twelve and touch rugby. Maharoof, who attended Wesley College in Columbo, began as a wicketkeeper-batsman and only began bowling regularly from under-13 cricket onwards. Five players were absent with the flu in one match and Maharoof was called upon to bowl. He took six wickets, including a hat trick, and from then on concentrated on fast bowling.
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Felicity Jones
Felicity Rose Hadley Jones (born 17 October 1983) is an English actress from Birmingham. She is best known to television audiences for her role as the school bully Ethel Hallow in the first series of The Worst Witch (she was replaced by Katie Allen for series two and three) and its sequel Weirdsister College. Jones also co-starred in Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant's feature Cemetery Junction. She starred opposite Anton Yelchin in the 2011 drama Like Crazy.
Jones grew up in Bournville, Birmingham. Her parents met while working at the Wolverhampton Express and Star. Her father was a journalist while her mother was in advertising. They divorced when she was three, and she was brought up with her brother by her mother alone. Despite this, she says her family is "extremely close."
After Kings Norton Girls' School, Jones attended King Edward VI Handsworth School, to complete A Levels and went on to take a gap year (during which she appeared in the BBC series Servants). She then read English at Wadham College, Oxford, graduating with a 2:1 in 2006. Whilst studying English, she appeared in student plays, including Attis in which she played the title role, and, in 2005, Shakespeare's The Comedy of Errors for the OUDS summer tour to Japan, starring alongside Harry Lloyd.
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Ferdinand Marcos
Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos (September 11, 1917 – September 28, 1989) was a Filipino politician who held the title of President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. He was a lawyer, member of the Philippine House of Representatives (1949–1959) and a member of the Philippine Senate (1959–1965). He was Senate President from 1963–1965.
While in power he implemented wide-ranging programs of infrastructure development and economic reform. However, his administration was marred by massive authoritarian corruption, despotism, nepotism, political repression, and human rights violations.
In 1983, his government was accused of being involved in the assassination of his primary political opponent, Benigno Aquino, Jr. Public outrage over the assassination served as the catalyst for the People Power Revolution in February 1986 that led to his removal from power and eventual exile in Hawaii. It was later discovered that, during his 20 years in power, he and his wife Imelda Marcos had moved billions of dollars of embezzled public funds to accounts and investments in the United States, Switzerland, and other countries.
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Fernando Torres
Fernando José Torres Sanz (Spanish pronunciation: [ferˈnando ˈtores]; born 20 March 1984), nicknamed El Niño (The Kid in Spanish), is a Spanish footballer who plays for Chelsea and the Spain national team as a striker.
Torres started his career with Atlético Madrid, progressing through their youth system to the first team squad. He made his first team debut in 2001 and finished his time at the club having scored 75 goals in 174 La Liga appearances. Prior to his La Liga debut, Torres played two seasons in the Segunda División for Atlético Madrid, making 40 appearances and scoring seven goals. He joined Premier League club Liverpool in 2007 after signing for a club record transfer fee. He marked his first season at Anfield by being Liverpool's first player since Robbie Fowler in the 1995–96 season to score more than 20 league goals in a season. Torres became the fastest player in Liverpool history to score 50 league goals after scoring against Aston Villa in December 2009. He left the club in January 2011 to join Chelsea for a record British transfer fee of £50 million, which also made him the most expensive Spanish player in history.
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Filip Šebo
Filip Šebo (born 24 February 1984) is a Slovak footballer who currently plays for ŠK Slovan Bratislava.
Šebo started his professional career with German team FC Köln but did not make a first team appearance, playing his games for reserve side Köln II. He moved to Slovakian side Inter Bratislava in 2003 after being released from Köln. Eight goals in twenty-five appearances earned him a transfer to Artmedia Bratislava – known for their run in the 2005–06 UEFA Champions League.
In the summer of 2005, after 22 goals in 29 games and the award for the league's top-scorer, he was bought by Austrian side Austria Vienna who paid approximately £400,000 for him. Šebo played 32 times, scoring 5 goals for the Austrian side, helping them to achieve an Austrian Bundesliga and Cup double.
Rangers manager Paul Le Guen made Šebo his ninth signing on 3 August 2006 after Austria Vienna and Rangers agreed a fee of £1.85m. Le Guen gave him his first starting appearance for Rangers on September 17, against Hibernian in an SPL match and he scored. His first home goal came on 1 October scoring a late winner in a 1–0 victory over Aberdeen at Ibrox. Šebo played his first European match for Rangers on 28 September, playing the last 15 minutes of a UEFA Cup first-round second-leg tie against Molde FK. Rangers won 2–0 to qualify for the group stage. Despite his lack of goals, he became something of a cult figure for Rangers, due to both his tremendous workrate and his distinctive broad, stocky build and shaven head. He is also remembered by the Celtic F.C. fans, as they would often chant his name when a player missed an easy goal-scoring chance.
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Flora Robson
Dame Flora McKenzie Robson, DBE (28 March 1902 – 7 July 1984) was an English actress, renowned as a character actress, who played roles ranging from queens to villainesses.
Robson was born in South Shields, County Durham of Scottish descent to a family of six siblings. Many of her forebears were engineers, mostly in shipping. Her father was a ship's engineer who moved from Wallsend to Palmers Green in 1907 and Southgate in 1910 and later Welwyn Garden City.
She was educated at the Palmers Green High School and the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art.
Her father discovered that Flora had a talent for recitation and, from the age of five, she was taken around by horse and carriage to recite, and to compete in recitations. This established a pattern that remained with her.
Robson made her stage debut in 1921, at aged 19. Standing 5 feet 10 inches (1.78 m), but lacking the glamorous looks of a leading lady (with her high forehead, wide mouth and imposing nose), she specialised in character roles, notably that of Queen Elizabeth I in both Fire Over England (1937) and The Sea Hawk (1940). At the age of 32, Robson played the Empress Elizabeth in Alexander Korda's Catherine the Great (1934). She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as Ingrid Bergman's servant in Saratoga Trunk (1945). That same year audiences in the U.K. and the U.S. watched her hypnotic performance as nursemaid and royal confidante Ftatateeta, to Vivien Leigh's Queen Cleopatra, in the screen adaptation of George Bernhard Shaw's Caesar and Cleopatra (1945).
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Frances Goodrich
Frances Goodrich (December 21, 1890 – January 29, 1984) was an American dramatist and screenwriter, best known for her collaborations with her partner and husband Albert Hackett.
Goodrich was born to Madeleine Christy (Lloyd) and Henry Wickes Goodrich in Belleville, New Jersey. The family moved to nearby Nutley when Goodrich was two. She attended Collegiate School in Passaic, New Jersey, and graduated from Vassar College in 1912, and went on to the New York School of Social Work from 1912 to 1913.
Not long after marrying screenwriter Albert Hackett, the couple went to Hollywood in the late 1920s to write the screenplay for their stage success Up Pops the Devil for Paramount Pictures. In 1933 they signed a contract with MGM and remained with them until 1939. Among their earliest assignments was writing the screenplay for The Thin Man (1934). They were encouraged by the director W. S. Van Dyke to use the writing of Dashiell Hammett as a basis only, and to concentrate on providing witty exchanges for the principal characters, Nick and Nora Charles (played by William Powell and Myrna Loy). The resulting film was one of the major hits of the year, and the script, considered to show a modern relationship in a realistic manner for the first time, was considered to be groundbreaking. However this is only because it was written and released before the enactment of the Hollywood Production Code, which strictly censored movies from mid-1934 until the early 1960s (see Pre-Code). The other Nick and Nora films show a steep decline regarding the "groundbreaking maturity" of the Charles' marriage.
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Frank Lowson
Frank Anderson Lowson (1 July 1925 – 8 September 1984) was an English cricketer, who played in seven Tests for England from 1951 to 1955. In first-class cricket, Lowson amassed 15,321 runs at an average of over 37, but had drifted away from the county game by his early thrties.
Lowson was born in Bradford, Yorkshire, England. A right-handed opening batsman from the Bradford League, Lowson came late to first-class cricket and then was an instant success as an opening batsman for Yorkshire, scoring 1,799 runs in his first season, 1949, and partnering Len Hutton in the most prolific season of Hutton's career. The following year, 1950, Lowson was even better, scoring 2,152 runs and during the first half of the 1950s he continued a hugely productive partnership with Hutton, often being described as a Hutton clone.
The partnership moved into Test cricket against the South Africans in 1951. Lowson's first Test innings was 58 out of a first-wicket partnership of 99 with Hutton at Headingley, and he retained his place for the final match of the series at The Oval.
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François Truffaut
François Roland Truffaut (6 February 1932 – 21 October 1984) was an influential film critic and filmmaker, one of the founders of the French New Wave. In a film career lasting over a quarter of a century, he remains an icon of the French film industry. He was also a screenwriter, producer, and actor working on over twenty-five films.
Truffaut was born in Paris on 6 February 1932. His mother was Janine de Montferrand. His mother's future husband, Roland Truffaut, accepted him as an adopted son and gave him his surname. He was passed around to live with various nannies and his grandmother for a number of years. It was his grandmother who instilled in him her love of books and music. He lived with his grandmother until her death when Truffaut was ten years old. It was only after his grandmother's death that he lived with his parents for the first time. The identity of Truffaut's biological father was unknown, though a private detective agency in 1968 revealed that their enquiry into the matter led to a Roland Levy, a Jewish dentist from Bayonne. Truffaut's mother's family disputed the findings but Truffaut himself believed and embraced them.
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Fred Waring
Fredrick Malcolm Waring (June 9, 1900 – July 29, 1984) was a popular musician, bandleader and radio-television personality, sometimes referred to as "America's Singing Master" and "The Man Who Taught America How to Sing." He was also a promoter, financial backer and namesake of the Waring Blendor, the first modern electric blender on the market.
Fredrick Malcolm Waring was born in Tyrone, Pennsylvania on June 9, 1900 to Jesse Calderwood and Frank Waring. During his teenage years, Fred Waring, his brother Tom, and their friend Poley McClintock founded the Waring-McClintock Snap Orchestra, which evolved into Fred Waring's Banjo Orchestra. The band often played at fraternity parties, proms, and dances, and achieved local success. He attended Penn State University, where he studied architectural engineering. He also aspired to be in the Penn State Glee Club, but he was rejected with every audition due to "college politics" and tension between him and the glee club's director, Dr. Clarence Robinson. His Banjo Orchestra eventually became so successful that he decided to abandon his education in order to tour with the band, which eventually became known as Fred Waring and his Pennsylvanians.
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Gabrielle Christian
Gabrielle Christian (born Gabrielle Christine Horchler; July 30, 1984) is an American actress and singer best known for her portrayal of Spencer Carlin in The N original series South of Nowhere and her portrayal of Colby Robson in the web series Girltrash! and its musical prequel film Girltrash!: All Night Long. In addition, she has also guest starred on Drake & Josh, Windfall, Without a Trace, and What Should You Do?.
Christian was born Gabrielle Christine Horchler in Washington, D.C. to parents Gabe and Joani. She grew up in Cheverly, Maryland. She began performing in plays at age 12. She has four sisters (Gen, Steph, Jules, Ili). Christian acquired her first acting job while she still attending high school at Eleanor Roosevelt High School located in Greenbelt, Maryland, on the television series Young Americans. She studied one and half years of theater at the University of Pittsburgh, before relocating to Los Angeles, California after landing roles on several television series.
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Gareth Gates
Gareth Paul Gates (born 12 July 1984, Bradford, England) is an English singer-songwriter. He was the runner-up in the first series of the ITV talent show Pop Idol. Gates has sold over 3.5 million records in the UK. He is also known for having a stutter, and has talked about his speech impediment publicly. Gates used the McGuire Programme to manage the problem and is now a speech coach with the programme.
In 2009, Gates moved into musical theatre, playing the title role in the West End production of Joseph and the Amazing Technicolour Dreamcoat at the Adelphi Theatre. He has recently completed an eighteen month stint as Marius, initially in the touring production and then in the West End production of Les Misérables. and takes up the role of Eddie in the new musical Loserville at the west Yorkshire Playhouse in June 2012
Gates was born in West Bowling, Bradford to father Paul and mother Wendy Broadbent (née Farry). He has three sisters, Nicola (born 1985), Charlotte (born 1991), and Jessica (born 1993) and grew up with his cousin James (born 1986) who was fostered by the family. His parents regularly foster other children.
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Garrett Hedlund
Garrett John Hedlund (born September 3, 1984) is an American actor known for his roles in the films Friday Night Lights, Four Brothers, Eragon, Country Strong, for his role as Patroclus in the movie Troy and as Sam Flynn in the film Tron: Legacy.
Hedlund was born in Roseau, Minnesota, the son of Kristine Anne (née Yanish) and Robert Martin Hedlund. He has an older brother, Nathaniel, and an older sister, Amanda. He also has a step brother, Cody and a step sister, Jennifer, and one niece. Hedlund was raised on a remote beef cattle farm near the small town of Wannaska, Minnesota. At fourteen, he moved with his mother to Scottsdale, Arizona. Once he arrived in Arizona, he paid to attend a talent convention with a scouting company called Pro Scout, where he was signed by a talent agency. After graduating from high school, he immediately moved in 2003 to Los Angeles to pursue an acting career. Garrett is of Swedish descent, hence the surname Hedlund.
His first role was as Patroclus in Troy. The film, which starred Brad Pitt, was released May 14, 2004. He also starred as Don Billingsley in the 2004 drama film Friday Night Lights in which Tim McGraw played his abusive father.
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Garrett Wolfe
Garrett Wolfe (born August 17, 1984) is an American football running back for the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League. He was drafted by the Bears in the third round of the 2007 NFL Draft. He played his college football at Northern Illinois.
A Chicago native, Wolfe attended Fenwick High School before transferring to Holy Cross High School in River Grove, Illinois. He rushed for 4,311 yards and 56 touchdowns during the final two years of his high school career. Wolfe set eleven school records during his tenure at Holy Cross, and earned numerous honors from various Chicago Media sources including the Chicago Tribune and Chicago Sun-Times.
Wolfe spent most of his first year at Northern Illinois University on the sideline. He began to make significant progress his sophomore year when he became the team's starting running back and one of the most productive rushers in the nation. Wolfe managed to solidify his performance towards the end of the 2004 season, rushing for over 1,400 yards and scoring 17 touchdowns during the last seven games of the season.
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Gaspard Ulliel
Gaspard Ulliel (French pronunciation: [ɡaspaʁ yljɛl]; born 25 November 1984) is a French film actor and model. He began appearing in made-for-television films during the late 1990s and early 2000s, and then began to be known as a film actor in France, as well as starring in the title role in the thriller Hannibal Rising.
Ulliel was born in Boulogne-Billancourt (a suburb of Paris) to a runway show producer mother and a stylist father. He has a scar on his left cheek as a result of an attack from a doberman when he attempted to ride the dog like a horse at the age of six. He says it increases his emotional acting abilities because it looks like a dimple. Ulliel attended the University of Saint-Denis, where he studied cinema. He began acting while he was still at school, appearing in Une Femme En Blanc, a film for French television. He also performed at the Cours Florent, where he was discovered by Les égarés director André Téchiné.
In 2007, he appeared on the cover of the January issue of French Vogue with Dutch supermodel Doutzen Kroes.
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Gastón Suárez
Gastón Suárez (born January 27, 1929 – November 6, 1984) was a Bolivian novelist and dramatist. Suárez was born in the town of Tupiza in the southern part of Potosí, Bolivia.
A self-taught writer, Suárez performed diverse activities: railroader, rural teacher, miner, bank employee, truck driver, journalist, etc. He had the opportunity to live and feel the Bolivian life in its diverse social layers. This is reflected with a particular vision in the subjects he writes most about: urban life, the country and the mines.
His first work was a story book titled Vigilia para el último viaje, from which "Iluminado" (Illuminated) was extracted to be included in several anthologies of Latin American writers, as a remarkable example of brief narration.
Amongst his works also stands out El Gesto another book of short stories from which "El forastero y el candelabro de plata" and "El diario de Mafalda" are the most outstanding.
In 1967, Suárez published his first piece for theatre, Vértigo, a drama of social and philosophical depth that depicts the life of a man being freed after twenty years in prison and his efforts to gather his seven children who have all taken different paths in life. Vertigo was screenplayed and presented in Jornadas Julianas de la Juventud in 1967, winning the first prize.
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Genelle Williams
Genelle Williams (born February 18, 1984) is a Canadian actress who is best known for her roles as Kim Carlisle in Radio Free Roscoe, as DJ in The Latest Buzz, and as Leena in Warehouse 13.
Williams had been preparing to become an actress since she was little, and she studied acting with Dean Armstrong, who played one of the principal characters in Showtime's television series Queer as Folk.
Williams became famous in Canada when she joined the cast of Radio Free Roscoe, which was a hit in Canada from 2002 to 2004. In 2003, she played Kim Carlisle, a DJ for "Cougar Radio", and love interest of Robert McGrath.
Late in 2004, Nickelodeon's teenager geared channel, The N, began showing Radio Free Roscoe as well as Degrassi: The Next Generation, and Williams began to gain celebrity status in the United States, at least among the audience that The N targets. On Degrassi, she has played two different characters, in separate episodes and even seasons.
After taking a break in her career, she appears in the Family’s new show The Latest Buzz as Diane Jeffreys. She currently portrays Leena on the Syfy series Warehouse 13.
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George Gallup
George Horace Gallup (November 18, 1901 – July 26, 1984) was an American pioneer of survey sampling techniques and inventor of the Gallup poll, a successful statistical method of survey sampling for measuring public opinion.
Gallup was born in Jefferson, Iowa. He was a graduate of The Lawrenceville School and the University of Iowa, where he was a football player, a member of Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity, and editor of The Daily Iowan, an independent newspaper which serves the university campus. He earned his B.A. in 1923, his M.A. in 1925 and his Ph.D. in 1928.
In 1936, his new organization achieved national recognition by correctly predicting, from the replies of only 5,000 respondents, that Franklin Roosevelt would defeat Alf Landon in the U.S. Presidential election. This was in direct contradiction to the widely respected Literary Digest magazine whose poll based on over two million returned questionnaires predicted that Landon would be the winner. Not only did Gallup get the election right, he correctly predicted the results of the Literary Digest poll as well using a random sample smaller than theirs but chosen to match it.
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George Glass
George Glass (August 19, 1910 – April 1, 1984) was an American film producer and publicist, best known for his work with Stanley Kramer. In Kramer's 1997 autobiography, describing how he formed his first production company in the late 1940s, he called Glass "one of the best publicity men in town", and remarked "I was fortunate to get Glass, with whom I had worked in the Lewin-Loew partnership before the war. He was a bright man and a very smooth operator." In a 1973 biography of Marlon Brando, Bob Thomas wrote:
George Glass was a veteran of movie publicity, but he was more than a publicist for Kramer. He, Kramer and Carl Foreman were partners in the independent film company, and Glass's brilliant campaigns for Champion and Home of the Brave had been a major part of the company's success. A short, stubby, ebullient man, he performed his craft on the basis of telling the truth.
Glass began his career in the entertainment industry as a radio news commentator and sports broadcaster, but left radio for films in 1936 to work in advertising and publicity capacities for Samuel Goldwyn, United Artists, and others. With Kramer's company, in addition to being the head publicist, Glass often acted as associate producer, sometimes uncredited (as for High Noon), and sometimes with screen credit (as for Cyrano de Bergerac and The Men). Other productions from this period include Death of a Salesman and The Wild One, for which Glass suggested the title.
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George Orwell
Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950), better known by his pen name George Orwell, was an English novelist and journalist. His work is marked by keen intelligence and wit, a profound awareness of social injustice, an intense opposition to totalitarianism, a passion for clarity in language and a belief in democratic socialism.
Considered perhaps the 20th century's best chronicler of English culture, Orwell wrote literary criticism, poetry, fiction and polemical journalism. He is best known for the dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949) and the allegorical novella Animal Farm (1945), which together have sold more copies than any two books by any other 20th-century author. His book Homage to Catalonia (1938), an account of his experiences in the Spanish Civil War, is widely acclaimed, as are his numerous essays on politics, literature, language and culture. In 2008, The Times ranked him second on a list of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945".
Orwell's influence on popular and political culture endures, and several of his neologisms, along with the term Orwellian—a byword for totalitarian or manipulative social practices—have entered the vernacular.
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George Waggner
George Waggner (September 7, 1894 - December 11, 1984) was an American film director, producer and actor.
Born in New York City, he made his film debut as Yousayef in The Sheik (1921). He later went on to appearances in Western films. The first film he directed was Western Trails (1938) and his most well-known directorial effort arguably remains The Wolf Man (1941). In the 1960s, he directed episodes of the television series Maverick, Batman, The Green Hornet, and The Man from U.N.C.L.E.. He also directed John Wayne and Oliver Hardy wearing coonskin caps in The Fighting Kentuckian (1949), in which his daughter, Shy Waggner, appeared in a cameo. Waggner's career in film declined in the 1950s, due to the popularity of television, and he eventually moved to television late in the decade. Many of his television credits, such as Maverick and Batman, have his name spelled as "george waGGner." He also directed Red Nightmare, a Cold War propaganda film produced by the Department of Defense and narrated by Jack Webb.
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Gerry Adams
Gerry Adams (Irish: Gearóid Mac Ádhaimh; born 6 October 1948 in Belfast, Northern Ireland) is an Irish republican politician and Teachta Dála (TD) for the constituency of Louth. From 1983 to 1992 and from 1997 to 2011, he was an abstentionist Westminster Member of Parliament for Belfast West. He is the president of Sinn Féin, the second largest political party in Northern Ireland and the largest nationalist party. From the late 1980s onwards, Adams was an important figure in the Northern Ireland peace process, initially following contact by the then Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) leader John Hume and subsequently with the Irish and British governments and then other parties. In 2005, the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) indicated that its armed campaign was over and that it is now exclusively committed to democratic politics. Under Adams, Sinn Féin changed its traditional policy of abstentionism towards Oireachtas Éireann, the parliament of the Republic of Ireland, in 1986 and later took seats in the power-sharing Northern Ireland Assembly. However, Sinn Féin retains a policy of abstentionism towards the Westminster Parliament, but since 2002, receives allowances for staff and takes up offices in the House of Commons.
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Glenn McMillan
Glenn Aguiar McMillan (born 5 October 1984) is a Brazilian-Australian actor and lawyer.
Glenn McMillan was born in the small town of São João da Boa Vista, São Paulo, Brazil. The town is also the birthplace of his mother, and the place where his parents met, when his Australian father was posted there as an exchange student as a teenager. He has two older sisters. The McMillan family moved to Adelaide, Australia, when Glenn was only four years old, however he considers himself to be strongly connected to his Brazilian heritage and revisits his birthplace often. He is perhaps best known for his role as Dustin Brooks on Power Rangers: Ninja Storm.
McMillan's first professional acting role was at age 11, in a State Theatre Company of South Australia production of Six Characters in Search of an Author, by Luigi Pirandello, playing the role of the "Young Boy". McMillan has stated that, while he enjoyed performing on stage at this age, he found the role to be quite traumatic. McMillan attended Linden Park School & Pembroke School in Adelaide, Australia, where he developed his interest in acting. He studied drama at school and enrolled in a training course for performers after school. While at Pembroke, he played in numerous school productions, including playing the role of "Jack" in Into the Woods, by James Lapine and Stephen Sondheim, and "Vyasa" in an adaptation of the Mahabharata, for which he was awarded a 100% grade in his State assessment. At school, McMillan also became heavily involved in music, and played saxophone and bass in various school ensembles, including playing on stage with Australian jazz legends James Morrison and Don Burrows.
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Gonzalo Márquez
Gonzalo Enrique Márquez Moya (March 31, 1946 – December 19, 1984) was a professional baseball first baseman. A left-handed batter, he played parts of three seasons in Major League Baseball for the Oakland Athletics (1972–73) and Chicago Cubs (1973–74). He was born in Carúpano, Sucre State, Venezuela.
In the 1970 Caribbean Series, he led all players with a .440 batting average and 4 stolen bases, to help the Navegantes del Magallanes win the series, marking the first time a Venezuelan team had taken the title. While Márquez was not a star in the major leagues, he's still greatly remembered by the Oakland fans for his memorable 1972 rookie season. Easily, his participation as a collaborator for his team in that season could be labeled in terms of strategic offensive provider, some like as a "designated pinch-hitter".
In four-season majors career, Márquez batted .235 (27-for-115) with one home run, 10 runs batted in, nine runs, three doubles and one stolen base in 76 games. In eight post-season games, he hit 5-for-8 for a .625 BA with two RBI and one run scored. He resumed his player career with the Leones del Caracas club in the Venezuelan Winter League, compiling a record of .288 with 16 homers and 295 RBI in 833 games, from 1965 to 1984.
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Han Geng
Han Geng (born February 9, 1984) is a Chinese Mandopop singer and actor well known for his powerful dance skills. He is skillful in all China's 56 ethnic traditional dances, as well as ballet and hip-hop dance. He has been dubbed "Dancing King" and "King of Popularity" in China. He started his career, in 2001, when he was chosen by SM Entertainment (SME) to become a member of South Korean boy band Super Junior, which debuted in 2005, and as the leader of its sub-group Super Junior-M in 2008.
On 21 December 2009, Han filed a lawsuit against SME to terminate his contract as he felt that the 13-year contract was unlawful, overly restrictive and unfair. He also argued that he was forced to do things outside of his contract and refused sick leave which led to kidney illness. and has since returned to China to pursue a solo career. On 21 December 2010 the Seoul Central District Court ruled in favor of Han, however a representative of SM Entertainment said that they will file an immediate appeal to reverse the decision. On September 27, 2011, Han Geng's departure from Super Junior was made official when legal representatives of both Han Geng and S.M. Entertainment eventually released a statement stating, "Han Geng and S.M. Entertainment have amicably settled on a mutual agreement, and the lawsuit was able to come to a close after Han Geng submitted his 'Notice of Withdrawal of Appeal'."
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Harry Stockwell
Harry Stockwell (April 27, 1902 – July 19, 1984) was an American actor and singer. He was born in Kansas City, Missouri, United States.
Stockwell made his film debut in the 1935 film, Strike Up the Band. However, his claim to fame came in 1935, when he provided the voice of "The Prince" in Walt Disney's animated classic, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937). Stockwell was also a noted Broadway performer. In 1943, he succeeded Alfred Drake as "Curly", the lead role in Broadway's Oklahoma!. He remained in the role until 1948.
Harry Stockwell was married to actress Nina Olivette, and was the father of actors Dean Stockwell and Guy Stockwell.
He died in New York City, United States, in 1984, aged 82.
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Hayley Marie Norman
Hayley Marie Norman (born March 3, 1989) is an American actress and model. She first came to public attention as case model #25 on NBC's game show Deal or No Deal, where she stood out as one of the most recognizable briefcase models and became a fan favorite due to her energetic and outgoing personality as well as her curly hair. She has appeared in numerous films including Fired Up, Hancock, Trailer Park of Terror, and Norbit. Aside from features films, she has also landed roles on several television shows including the Starz cable network series Crash, the soap opera The Young and The Restless, and the critically acclaimed Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip.
Born and raised in Agoura Hills, California, she is of Russian, German, and African American descent. Her father, Gregory Norman, was a professional baseball player, and won a World Series as a member of the Detroit Tigers. Her great uncle is prolific film director William Beaudine. Hayley began her career as a child, signing with her first agency at seven years old after being spotted in a restaurant by supermodel Cindy Crawford. As a youth, she traveled extensively pursuing modeling and acting and even modeled regularly for Mattel doing a series of ads for the African American Barbie doll.
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Helen Oyeyemi
Helen Olajumoke Oyeyemi (born 10 December 1984) is a British novelist.
Oyeyemi wrote her first novel, The Icarus Girl, while still at school studying for her A levels at Cardinal Vaughan Memorial School. Whilst studying Social and Political Sciences at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, two of her plays, Juniper's Whitening and Victimese, were performed by fellow students to critical acclaim and subsequently published by Methuen.
In 2007 Bloomsbury published Oyeyemi's second novel, The Opposite House which is inspired by Cuban mythology.
In 2009 Oyeyemi was recognized as one of the women on Venus Zine’s “25 under 25” list.
Her third novel, White is for Witching, described as having "roots in Henry James and Edgar Allan Poe" was published by Picador in May 2009. It was a 2009 Shirley Jackson Award finalist and won a 2010 Somerset Maugham Award. A fourth novel, Mr Fox, was published by Picador in June 2011.
Oyeyemi is a lifelong Catholic who has done voluntary work for CAFOD in Kenya.
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Henri Fabre
Henri Fabre (November 29, 1882 – June 30, 1984) was a French aviator and the inventor of Le Canard, the first seaplane in history.
Henri Fabre was born into a prominent family of shipowners in the city of Marseilles. He was educated in the Jesuit College of Marseilles, where he undertook advanced studies in sciences. He then studied intensively aeroplane and propeller designs. He patented a system of flotation devices, which he used when he succeeded in taking off from the surface of the Etang de Berre on March 28, 1910. On that day, he completed four consecutive flights, the longest about 600 meters. "Le Canard", has survived and is displayed in the airport at Marseilles. Henri Fabre was soon contacted by Glenn Curtiss and Gabriel Voisin who used his invention to develop their own seaplanes.
As late as 1971 the aged Fabre could still be seen sailing his own boat single handedly in Marseille harbor.
He died at the age of 101, as one of the last living pioneers of human flight.
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Henry Wilcoxon
Henry Wilcoxon (September 8, 1905 – March 6, 1984) was an actor born in Roseau, Dominica, British West Indies, and best known as a leading man in many of Cecil B. DeMille's films, also serving as DeMille's associate producer on his later films.
Henry Wilcoxon was born Harry Frederick Wilcoxon on September 8, 1905 in Roseau, Dominica. His father was Robert Stanley Wilcoxon (known as "Tan"), manager of the Colonial Bank in Jamaica, and his mother Lurline Minuette Nunes, who had been an amateur theatre actress.
Following is a summary of the early childhood of Henry (Harry) and his brother Robert Owen Wilcoxon (Owen), from his autobiography.
Harry and Owen were known as 'Biff' and 'Bang' to friends and family due to fighting skills gained in amateur boxing.
After completing his education, Wilcoxon was employed by Joseph Rank, the father of J. Arthur Rank, before working for Bond Street tailors Pope and Bradshaw. While working for the tailors, Wilcoxon applied for a visa to work as a chauffeur in the United States, but upon seeing his application refused, turned to boxing and then to acting.
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Him Law
Law Chung-him (born 28 August 1984), known as Him Law, is a Hong Kong film and television actor. Law began his acting career by starring as supporting characters in several well-known films, most notably in Mob Sister (2005), which was also Law's debut film. He later began filming for several internet and television dramas, later receiving a Best Supporting Actor nomination at the TVB Anniversary Awards in 2008 for his performance in the sports drama Your Class or Mine.
Law was born and raised in Hong Kong, the youngest of two children. His father is a hair stylist, his mother is a make-up artist, and his older sister is a piano teacher.
Law attended Tai Po Government Secondary School where he was a member of the basketball and association football teams. He was devoted to sports—he would go to basketball practice everyday after school and football practice every weekday night. On weekends, he would hang out in football courts during the day and basketball courts at night. When Law was 16, he worked as a part-time lifeguard. Following his Form 5 graduation in 2001, he briefly worked as a lifeguard at a private swimming venue in Villa Esplanada, Tsing Yi Island, using the money he earned to study stress and rescue diving at the Happy Valley Athletic Association. In 2004, Law earned the annual Lifeguard Award. Seeing that being a lifeguard earns little income and is unsuitable to be a lifelong career, Law planned to attend a fire academy to become a firefighter. However, he decided against it and prepared himself for attending a police academy instead.
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Holly Weber
Holly Beth Weber (born September 20, 1984) is an American actress and model. She has appeared on television programs such as Modern Family and Men of a Certain Age. She began her film career being featured in several films such as Roger Corman's Supergator and the short film Room Service, starring Howie Mandel. Since then she began pursuing acting as a full time profession and has had roles in Ron Howard's Oscar nominated Frost/Nixon, Fast & Furious and The Devil's Tomb, directed by Jason Connery.
Weber was born in Loma Linda, California and raised in Redlands and Palm Desert, California, with her two older siblings, Ricky and Melissa. Her parents divorced when she was five years old, and she lived with her mother in Costa Rica briefly, then was moved multiple times until her senior year in high school. Attending four different high schools in as many years, she finished her schooling after relocating to Newport Beach, California from Kentucky after living less than a year in that state.
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Hosea Gear
Hosea Gear (born 16 March 1984) is a New Zealand rugby union player. He plays for the Highlanders in Super Rugby as a wing. He has played eight international matches for New Zealand and scored five tries. His two most recent tries came against Wales in Cardiff's Millennium Stadium helping the All Blacks to their fourth ever Grand Slam tour of the Northern Hemisphere in 2010.
The younger brother of New Zealand wing Rico Gear, he was born in Gisborne, New Zealand. He attended Gisborne Boys' High School and he plays for the Hutt Old Boys-Marist rugby club. He is of the Ngati Porou Iwi.
He has played 25 Super 12/14 matches and has scored 7 tries. He also used to play for Massey Rugby Club in 2004. He currently holds the record for most tries in a provincial season with 14 in the 2008 Air New Zealand Cup. He has played for the New Zealand Maori. After his outstanding performance for Wellington in the 2008 Air New Zealand Cup, he was chosen for the All Blacks to tour Hong Kong and Europe on 26 October 2008 and made his debut against Australia in the Bledisloe Cup on 1 November. In 2010 Gear made his Rugby Sevens debut in the 2010 Commonwealth Games for New Zealand and was chosen for the All Blacks end of year tour. After an injury to Cory Jane, Gear was given a starting spot against England, a game in which he scored the first try. The following week vs Scotland Gear once again scored the first try and then went on later to score another in the All Blacks 49–3 win. Again Gear scored the first Try in the All Blacks vs Wales game, also going on to score another to top off a great international year.
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Hristo Prodanov
Hristo Prodanov (Bulgarian: Христо Проданов) (February 24, 1943 - April 21, 1984) was a Bulgarian mountaineer. He was the first Bulgarian to climb Mount Everest but died on the descent.
Prodanov was still a student when he became involved in mountaineering. He began work as a metallurgical engineer in Kremikovtzi AD in 1976.
Prodanov had his first 7000 m ascent on August 6, 1967 when he climbed Lenin Peak. He had previously climbed several peaks in the Alps.
His major successes were related to Hindu Kush (1976) and Lhotse. In 1981, he was the first Bulgarian to climb Lhotse without the use of supplementary oxygen.
Prodanov received several awards, including:
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Ian Lacey
Ian Robert Lacey (born 25 November 1984) is an Australian professional rugby league player for the Ipswich Jets in the Queensland Cup. He played in the forwards for the Brisbane Broncos in the National Rugby League competition, before his sacking on 6 October 2007.
Lacey made his First Grade Debut for the Brisbane Broncos against Sydney Roosters in Round 6, 2006 with the Brisbane Broncos winning the match 24-6.
The Brisbane Broncos sacked Lacey following allegations that he, along with fellow forward John Te Reo, assaulted a 32-year-old man in central Brisbane on Saturday 6 October 2007.
Lacey was signed by Queensland Cup team Ipswich Jets for 2008.
The Gold Coast Titans club gave Lacey the opportunity to resurrect his NRL career by signing him for the 2009 season.
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Indira Gandhi
Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi (Hindi: इंदिरा प्रियदर्शिनी गांधी Indirā Priyadarśinī Gāndhī listen (help·info), née Nehru; 19 November 1917 – 31 October 1984) was an Indian politician who served as the third Prime Minister of India for three consecutive terms (1966–77) and a fourth term (1980–84). Gandhi was the second female head of government in the world after Sirimavo Bandaranaike of Sri Lanka, and she remains as the world's second longest serving female Prime Minister as of 2012. She was the first woman to become prime minister in India.
Gandhi was the only child of Jawaharlal Nehru, the first prime minister of independent India. She adhered to the quasi-socialist policies of industrial development that had been begun by her father. Gandhi established closer relations with the Soviet Union, depending on that nation for support in India’s long-standing conflict with Pakistan. She was also the only Indian Prime Minister to have declared a state of emergency in order to 'rule by decree' and the only Indian Prime Minister to have been imprisoned after holding that office. She was assassinated by her Sikh bodyguards in retaliation for ordering Operation Blue Star.
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Irfan Pathan
Irfan Pathan ( pronunciation (help·info), (born 27 October 1984 in Baroda, Gujarat, India) is an Indian cricketer who made his debut for India in late-2003 and was a core member of the national team until a decline in form set in during 2006, forcing him out of the team. Since then, he has been in and out of the limited-overs team, and has only sporadic appearances in Test cricket. He is currently the 8th highest wicket taker for India in the ODIs and 2nd highest in the Twenty20 Internationals.
Beginning his career as a left-arm fast-medium swing bowler, Pathan broke into the national team soon after turning 19, and evoked comparisons with Pakistan's Wasim Akram, regarded as one of the finest left-arm pacemen of all time, with his promising performances and prodigious swing. He cemented his position in the team and was named by the International Cricket Council as the 2004 Emerging Player of the Year. In late-2004 he took 18 wickets in two Tests against Bangladesh, but the start of 2005 he performed poorly and conceded runs at a high rate, leading to a brief exile from the one-day international (ODI) team.
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Irwin Shaw
Irwin Shaw (February 27, 1913 – May 16, 1984) was a prolific American playwright, screenwriter, novelist, and short-story author whose written works have sold more than 14 million copies. He is best known for his novel, The Young Lions (1948) about the fate of three soldiers during World War II that was made into a film starring Marlon Brando. Though Shaw's work received widespread critical acclaim, the success of his commercial fiction ultimately diminished his literary reputation.
Shaw was born Irwin Gilbert Shamforoff in the South Bronx, New York City, to Russian-Jewish immigrants. His parents were Rose and Will. His younger brother, David Shaw (died 2007), became a noted Hollywood producer. Shortly after Irwin's birth, the Shamforoffs moved to Brooklyn. Irwin changed his surname upon entering college. He spent most of his youth in Brooklyn, where he graduated from Brooklyn College with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1934. Shaw died in Davos, Switzerland on May 16, 1984, aged 71, after undergoing treatment for prostate cancer.
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Iskandar of Johor
Almarhum Sultan Mahmud Iskandar Al-Haj ibni Ismail Al-Khalidi (8 April 1932 – 22 January 2010) was the eighth Yang di-Pertuan Agong (Malay for Paramount Chieftain, Supreme King or High King) of Malaysia, from 26 April 1984 to 25 April 1989. He succeeded his father, Sultan Ismail, to become the 24th Sultan of Johor upon the former's death in 1981. Sultan Iskandar's reign lasted for almost 29 years until his death in January 2010, upon which he was succeeded by his oldest son, Tunku Ibrahim.
As was the case with his grandfather, Sultan Ibrahim, Sultan Iskandar's independent mindset resulted in strained relations with the Malaysian federal government on numerous occasions. This was more so during his days as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, whereby a number of notable public incidents involved Sultan Iskandar. Nevertheless, Sultan Iskandar was reputed to show great concern to his subjects, and was held in high esteem by many of his subjects–particularly the Malays and Orang Aslis.
Sultan Iskandar is reputed to have been a staunch disciplinarian, with willingness to occasionally voice personal opinions on governmental issues. On the personal side, subjects who have personally approached the Sultan in his later years described him as a person with a warm and generous personality. However, past critics had also argued that Sultan Iskandar was a person with a turbulent temper. These claims were made by citing records of past notorious incidents, which include an experience of being disinherited from being the Tunku Mahkota (or Crown Prince in English) by his father, in 1961, as well as a series of alleged criminal acts occurring between the 1970s and the 1990s which were published in the press and provoked widespread moral outrage within the Malaysian public.
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Jack La Rue
Jack La Rue (May 3, 1902, New York City, New York – January 11, 1984, Santa Monica, California) was an American film and stage actor.
Born as Gaspere Biondolillo, he worked on the New York stage from 1923 to 1931. He moved to Hollywood, where he appeared in numerous films. Sometimes mistaken for Humphrey Bogart, he played mostly thugs and gangsters. For example, in such a role, La Rue tormented the wrongly-accused Richard Cromwell in Universal Pictures's anti-Nazi action drama Enemy Agent (1940).
His son was actor Jack La Rue, Jr.
La Rue died of a heart attack at the age of 81. He was buried in Holy Cross Cemetery, Culver City, California.
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Jackie Coogan
John Leslie Coogan (October 26, 1914 – March 1, 1984), known professionally as Jackie Coogan, was an American actor who began his movie career as a child actor in silent films. Many years later, he became known as Uncle Fester on 1960s sitcom The Addams Family. In the interim, he sued his mother and stepfather over his squandered film earnings and provoked California to enact the first known legal protection for the earnings of child performers, billed as the Coogan Act.
Coogan was born in 1914 in Los Angeles, California to John Henry Coogan, Jr. and Lillian Rita (Dolliver) Coogan, as John Leslie Coogan (not John Leslie Coogan, Jr., as some sources indicate). He began performing as an infant in both vaudeville and film, with an uncredited role in the 1917 film Skinner's Baby. Charlie Chaplin discovered him in the Orpheum Theatre, Los Angeles, a vaudeville house, doing the shimmy, a popular dance at the time, on the stage. Coogan's father was also an actor. Jackie Coogan was a natural mimic and delighted Chaplin with his abilities. Chaplin subsequently cast him in a brief role in his short film A Day's Pleasure, made in 1919.
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Jackie Wilson
Jack Leroy "Jackie" Wilson, Jr. (June 9, 1934 – January 21, 1984) was an American singer and performer. Known as "Mr. Excitement", Wilson was important in the transition of rhythm and blues into soul. He was considered a master showman, one of the most dynamic and influential singers and performers in R&B and rock history. Gaining fame in his early years as a member of the R&B vocal group Billy Ward and His Dominoes, he went solo in 1957 and recorded over 50 hit singles that spanned R&B, pop, soul, doo-wop and easy listening. During a 1975 benefit concert, he collapsed on-stage from a heart attack and subsequently fell into a coma that persisted for nearly nine years until his death in 1984. By this time, he had become one of the most influential artists of his generation.
A two-time Grammy Hall of Fame Inductee, Jackie Wilson was inducted to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1987. In 2004, Rolling Stone magazine ranked Jackie Wilson #69 on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.
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Jackson Rathbone
Monroe Jackson Rathbone V (born December 14, 1984), better known as Jackson Rathbone, is an American actor and musician. He is perhaps best known for his role as Jasper Hale in The Twilight Saga and for playing Sokka in The Last Airbender.
Rathbone was born in Singapore, the son of American parents Randee Lynn (née Brauner) and Monroe Jackson Rathbone IV. His great-grandfather, Monroe Jackson Rathbone II, was the chairman of Standard Oil of New Jersey, which later became Exxon; Rathbone is also distantly related to Civil War general Stonewall Jackson. Because of his father's job at Mobil Oil, Rathbone has lived in places ranging from Indonesia to Midland, Texas. He started out in local theater in Midland with the youth actors program "The Pickwick Players", initially doing musical theatre. For his junior and senior years of high school, Rathbone attended the Interlochen Arts Academy, a private school for the arts in Michigan, where he majored in acting. After graduation, he had planned to go to the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama, but went instead to Los Angeles to experiment with film acting.
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Jaimie Alexander
Jaimie Alexander (born Jaimie Tarbush; March 12, 1984) is an American actress best known for portraying Jessi on the TV series Kyle XY and Sif in the 2011 superhero film Thor.
Alexander was born Jaimie Tarbush in Greenville, South Carolina but moved to Grapevine, Texas when she was four years old. She has four brothers. Alexander first got into acting in grade school where she took theater for fun. Alexander stated that she was actually kicked out of theater when she was in high school because she could not sing and went into sports. When she was 17, she substituted for a friend at a meeting with a scouting agency and she met her manager, Randy James, who sent her some scripts. After graduation, a year and a half later, she moved to Los Angeles to pursue acting.
Her career was launched in 2003, when she was cast in the leading role of Hanna Thompson in the low budget award-winning film The Other Side. According to the movie's commentary, she was originally at the audition to help out by reading against the male actors, but the director Gregg Bishop decided to cast her in the leading role after hearing her perform the lines. Alexander’s first role was in the movie Squirrel Trap where she played 'Sara', the love interest of the main character, David, who is a socially introverted genius portrayed by Keith Staley. This was soon followed by a guest appearance in It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia, where she portrayed a femme fatale in the role of 'Tammy', who through a combination of seduction and threats manipulates one of the main characters. She also has a small part in an episode of Standoff.
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James Mason
James Neville Mason (15 May 1909 - 27 July 1984) was an English actor who attained stardom in both British and American films. Mason remained a powerful figure in the industry throughout his career and was nominated for three Academy Awards as well as three Golden Globes (winning once).
Mason was born in Huddersfield, in the West Riding of Yorkshire, to John and Mabel Mason; his father was a wealthy merchant. He was educated at Marlborough College, and earned a first in architecture at Peterhouse, Cambridge where he became involved in stock theatre companies in his spare time. Mason had no formal training as an actor and initially embarked upon it for fun. After Cambridge he joined the Old Vic theatre in London under the guidance of Tyrone Guthrie and Alexander Korda. In 1933 Korda gave Mason a small role in The Private Life of Don Juan but fired him three days into shooting.
From 1935 to 1948 he starred in many British quota quickies. A conscientious objector during World War II (causing his family to break with him for many years), he became immensely popular for his brooding anti-heroes in the Gainsborough series of melodramas of the 1940s, including The Man in Grey (1943) and The Wicked Lady (1945). He also starred with Deborah Kerr and Robert Newton in Hatter's Castle (1942). He then took the lead role in the critically acclaimed and immensely popular The Seventh Veil (1945) that set box office records in postwar Britain and raised him to international stardom. He followed it with a role as a mortally wounded Irish bank robber in Odd Man Out (1947) and his first Hollywood film, Caught (1949). Exhibitors voted him the most popular star in Britain in 1944 and 1945.
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Jan Peerce
Jan Peerce (June 3, 1904–December 15, 1984) was an American operatic tenor. Peerce was an accomplished performer on the operatic and Broadway concert stages, in solo recitals, and as a recording artist. He is the father of film director Larry Peerce.
Jan Peerce was born Joshua Pincus Perelmuth. His parents, Louis and Henya Perelmuth, came from the Belarusian village of Horodetz. Their first child, a daughter, died in an epidemic. In 1903 they emigrated to America along with their second child, a boy named Mottel. A year later, on June 3, 1904, their third child, a boy named Jacob Pincus (afterwards known as Jan) was born, in a cold water flat in the Lower East Side, Manhattan, New York. He was nicknamed "Pinky" by his neighborhood friends. When he was three years old, his older brother Mottel was killed in an accident as he hitched a ride on an ice wagon. Jan remained on the Lower East Side until his 1930 marriage to Alice Kalmanovitz, a childhood friend. He attended De Witt Clinton High School and Columbia University. At his mother's urging he took violin lessons, and gave public performances, including dance band work as Jack "Pinky" Pearl. Sometimes he also sang and it was soon discovered he was an exceptional lyric tenor.
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Jane Zhang
Jane Zhang also known as Zhang Liangying (born October 11, 1984 in Chengdu, Sichuan) is a Mainland Chinese pop singer. She rose to prominence after her third-place performance in the 2005 season of the Super Girl contest, a national all-female singing competition in the People's Republic of China. Throughout the competition, she sang in English, Spanish and Cantonese in addition to Mandarin Chinese. She is particularly known for her signature whistle register.
Zhang's debut album was titled The One and was produced by Craig Williams. Her next album, Update, broke away from the Chinese pop scene by combining elements of R&B and jazz. After the release of Update, Zhang participated in a World Peace One concert that was designed to increase awareness and activism for world peace, and to raise funds for humanitarian relief. Other participating artists included U2, Madonna, Pink Floyd and Green Day.
Her father was an engine attendant for a transportation company in Chengdu, and her mother was a shop assistant. During her childhood, she performed at her parents' workplace on several occasions. However, her parents divorced when she was 13; two years later, Zhang's father died. This forced her to work outside of school; she started to sing at a local public house, where her uncle played the accompaniments.
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Janet Gaynor
Janet Gaynor (October 6, 1906 – September 14, 1984) was an American actress and painter.
One of the most popular actresses of the silent film era, in 1928 Gaynor became the first winner of the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performances in three films: Seventh Heaven (1927), Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans (1927) and Street Angel (1928). This was the only occasion on which an actress has won for successive film roles. This rule would be changed three years later by AMPAS. Her career as the primary actress of Fox Studios continued with the advent of sound film, and she achieved a notable success in the original version of A Star Is Born (1937).
She chose to work only occasionally after her marriage to film costume designer Adrian in 1939. She was severely injured in a 1982 vehicle collision, which contributed to her death two years later.
Born Laura Augusta Gainor in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, her family moved west to San Francisco during her childhood. When she graduated from high school in 1923, Gaynor decided to pursue an acting career. She moved to Los Angeles, where she supported herself working in a shoe store, receiving $18 per week (2009: $230).
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Jaroslav Seifert
Jaroslav Seifert (Czech: [ˈjaroslaf ˈsajfr̩t] ( listen); 23 September 1901 – 10 January 1986) was a Nobel Prize winning Czech writer, poet and journalist.
Born in Žižkov, a suburb of Prague in what was then part of Austria-Hungary, his first collection of poems was published in 1921. He was a member of the Communist Party, the editor of a number of communist newspapers and magazines - Rovnost, Srsatec, and Reflektor - and the employee of a communist publishing house.
During the 1920s he was considered a leading representative of the Czechoslovakian artistic avant-garde. He was one of the founders of the journal Devětsil. In March 1929, he and six other important communist writers left the Communist Party for signing a manifesto protesting against Bolshevik tendencies in the new leadership of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. He subsequently worked as a journalist in the social-democratic and trade union press during the 1930s and 1940s.
In 1949 Seifert left journalism and began to devote himself exclusively to literature. His poetry was awarded important state prizes in 1936, 1955, and 1968, and in 1967 he was designated National Artist. He was the official Chairman of the Czechoslovak Writer's Union for several years (1968–70). In 1977 he was one of the signatories of Charter 77 in opposition to the repressive regime of the time.[citation needed]
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Javier Mascherano
Javier Alejandro Mascherano (Spanish pronunciation: [ma(s)tʃeˈɾano], Italian: [maskeˈraːno]; born 8 June 1984) is an Argentine footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for FC Barcelona. He can also play as a central defender. Mascherano began his career at River Plate. He earned his first senior honours in 2003–04, winning the Primera División Argentina. He also won an Olympic gold medal with Argentina in the Athens Games and finished runner up in the Copa América 2004. He moved to Brazilian side Corinthians in 2005, winning the Brazilian Série A in his first season. Mascherano moved to Europe, signing for Premier League side West Ham United. However, unusual contract terms with Media Sports Investments blighted his brief time at the club and at the beginning of 2007 he joined Liverpool on loan.
He was runner up in the UEFA Champions League in his first season on Merseyside and again finished runner up in the Copa América with Argentina. He officially signed for Liverpool in February 2008 for £18.6 million, parting ways with Media Sports Investments. He won a second Olympic gold medal with Argentina in the Beijing 2008 Games, the first male footballer to achieve this since 1928. He was considered a key part of the national side by past coach Diego Maradona who appointed him captain and stated that his team was just Jonás, Mascherano, Messi and eight more.
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Jeff Francoeur
Jeffrey Braden Francoeur ( /fræŋˈkʊər/; born January 8, 1984 in Atlanta, Georgia), nicknamed "Frenchy", is a Major League Baseball right fielder who now plays for the Kansas City Royals. Francoeur is notable for his strong throwing arm in the outfield and his free-swinging tendencies in the batter's box.
Francoeur was selected by the Braves in the first round of the June 2002 amateur draft. After the draft, Francoeur was assigned to the team’s advanced Rookie League club in Danville, Virginia, where he played 38 games and hit .327 with eight homers and 31 RBIs. Francoeur advanced steadily through the Braves minor league system, playing for Rome (Low A) in 2003, Myrtle Beach (High A) and Greenville (former AA) in 2004, and Mississippi (AA) in 2005.
Francoeur was a member of the Rome Braves inaugural season team which went on to win the 2003 South Atlantic League Championship. He led that team in home runs with 14.
In 2004, Francoeur was named the top prospect in the Braves organization by Baseball America. He was a member of the Carolina League regular season and postseason All-Star team. In 2005, he was selected to play in the All-Star Futures Game before getting called up by Atlanta.
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Jena Malone
Jena Malone (/mʌˈloʊn/; born November 21, 1984) is an American actress and musician who has appeared on television, in films, and on Broadway. She made her movie debut with the film Bastard Out of Carolina (1996), and has appeared in films including Contact (1997), Stepmom (1998), Donnie Darko (2001), Saved! (2004), Into the Wild (2007), The Ruins (2008) and Sucker Punch (2011).
Malone is also an experimental musician who has released music both under her own name and as "The Shoe".
Malone had lived in 27 locations by the age of nine, including Lake Tahoe, California. She was raised by her mother, Deborah, and her mother's girlfriend, whom she calls "Godmom," and began taking an interest in acting after watching her mother, who was involved in community theatre. She briefly moved to Las Vegas, hated it, and persuaded her mother to move on to Los Angeles. Malone was home-schooled from sixth to eighth grade. She attended the Professional Children's School, for the ninth grade, in New York, and quit it after a year, when she became legally emancipated, in January 2000. At some point she later obtained her General Educational Development (GED).
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Jennifer Grassman
Jennifer Grassman (born Jennifer Michelle Grassman on December 8, 1984 in Austin, Texas) is an American independent music and recording artist. She is a journalist for The Washington Times Communities, writing two columns. The Business of Being Diva covers album releases, concert reviews, and interviews with music industry professionals. SeeTalkGrow: The New Entertainment Industry covers the events and news of SeeTalkGrow, an online conference for the music, film, technology, and communications industries. Grassman launched SeeTalkGrow in February, 2012, because she was pregnant, and unable to attend SXSW.
In 1986, Grassman's family moved from Austin, Texas to Memphis, Tennessee, where she began classical piano training at the age of 7. She spent her junior high and high school years in Austin, Texas and Santa Clarita, California while being home schooled by her mother, Lori Grassman. In 2002, Grassman composed the patriotic song, "Where The Wind Blows" which was dedicated to the American troops overseas and aired on The Soldiers Radio Network. Grassman was acknowledged by President George W. Bush for her "kind gesture."
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Jerzy Popiełuszko
Jerzy Popiełuszko (Polish pronunciation: [ˈjɛʐɨ popʲɛˈwuʂkɔ]; September 14, 1947 – October 19, 1984) was a Roman Catholic priest from Poland, associated with the Solidarity union. He was murdered by three agents of the Polish communist internal intelligence agency, the Służba Bezpieczeństwa, (English: Security Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs) who were shortly thereafter tried and convicted of the murder. He has been recognized as a martyr by the Catholic Church, and was beatified on June 6, 2010.
Born in Okopy near Suchowola, Jerzy Popiełuszko was a charismatic priest who was first sent to strikers in the Warsaw Steelworks. Thereafter he was associated with workers and trade unionists from the Solidarity movement who opposed the Communist regime in Poland.
He was a staunch anti-communist, and in his sermons, interwove spiritual exhortations with political messages, criticizing the Communist system and motivating people to protest. During the period of martial law, the Catholic Church was the only force that could voice protest comparatively openly, with the regular celebration of Mass presenting opportunities for public gatherings in churches.
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Jesse Jackson
Jesse Louis Jackson, Sr. (born October 8, 1941) is an African-American civil rights activist and Baptist minister. He was a candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination in 1984 and 1988 and served as shadow senator for the District of Columbia from 1991 to 1997. He was the founder of both entities that merged to form Rainbow/PUSH. Representative Jesse Jackson, Jr. is his eldest son. In an AP-AOL "Black Voices" poll in February 2006, Jackson was voted "the most important black leader".
Jackson was born Jesse Louis Burns in Greenville, South Carolina, to Helen Burns, a 16-year-old single mother. His biological father, Noah Louis Robinson, a former professional boxer and a prominent figure in the community, was married to another woman when Jesse was born. He was not involved in his son's life, and died January 28, 1997 in Greenville, S.C. In 1943, two years after Jesse's birth, his mother married Charles Henry Jackson, who would adopt Jesse 14 years later. Jesse went on to take the surname of his stepfather.
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Jessica Origliasso
Jessica Louise Origliasso ( /ʊərˌɪɡliˈɑːsoʊ/ oor-IG-lee-AH-soh; born 25 December 1984) is an Australian singer-songwriter, actress and fashion designer. Born and raised in Albany Creek, Queensland she, along side twin sister Lisa Origliasso, performed in show business at a young age. Origliasso rose to fame in 2000's when she and her sister formed a pop duo The Veronicas.
Prior to The Veronicas, Origliasso had a small career in acting. In 2001, she had a recurring role in the children's television series Cybergirl as Emerald Buxton. In 2007, she co-designed a fashion line with, her sister, called The Veronicas, aimed at girls aged 7-14, for Target. Origliasso has been endorsed by Nu:U, Calvin Klein, Keds and Estée Lauder
In 2006, Jessica and Lisa Origliasso joined Steve Irwin's Wildlife Warriors Worldwide, a charity that deals with the protection of animals and their natural environments.
In January 2009, it was announced Jess would pose nude for PETA after she was "Spotted on a New York subway by a member of the non-profit organization... it wasn't the fact she was wearing a faux fur jacket that caught PETA's attention but the "F**k FUR" message she had painted on the back.".
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Jillian Murray
Jillian Leigh Murray (born June 4, 1984) is an American Actress. She perhaps best known for her role as Portlyn on Sonny With a Chance and as Heather in An American Carol.
Murray was born in Reading, Pennsylvania. She left Reading at 15 and moved to Tucson, Arizona, where she began her professional career with independent films Graduated from Catalina Foothills High School, Tucson, Arizona In 2003, she made her film debut in the independent film Deep Toad as Natashia. She was later cast in Fifty Pills as Jayne, followed by Legacy also known as Pretty Little Devils. Her first leading role was The Fun Park.
In 2009, Murray portrayed Gwen Adams in the romantic comedy American High School. She later played Heather in An American Carol, Abby Graves in The Graves, and Lex Mitchell in Forget Me Not.
Murray starred in a recurring role on the Disney Channel original series Sonny With a Chance, playing Portlyn. She had a role in Cougar Hunting playing the lead Penelope (Lara Flynn Boyle's daughter), as well as in Wild Things: Foursome playing Brandi Cox.
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Jimmie Spheeris
Jimmie Spheeris (in Greek: Τζιμη Σφηρης) November 5, 1949 – July 4, 1984) was an American singer-songwriter who released four albums in the 1970s on the Columbia Records and Epic Records labels. He was of Greek descent. He was brother of film director and producer Penelope Spheeris, and cousin of musician Chris Spheeris and film director Costa Gavras.
Jimmie (James) Spheeris was born in Phenix City, Alabama, to Juanita 'Gypsy' and Andrew Spheeris, who owned and operated a traveling carnival called the Majick Empire. These childhood years of colorful transience were a major influence on later work, as evidenced in songs such as Lost in the Midway and Decatur Street, among others.
Spheeris had two sisters, Penelope and Linda, and a brother, Andy. After his father was murdered by a "belligerent carnival-goer," Gypsy Spheeris moved the family to San Diego, California. The family eventually settled in Venice, California. Gypsy Spheeris tended bar at an establishment on Main Street called The Circle.
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Jin Akanishi
Jin Akanishi (赤西 仁, Akanishi Jin?, born July 4, 1984) is a Japanese idol, singer-songwriter, actor, seiyū, and former radio host. Akanishi is a former member of the J-pop group, KAT-TUN, and was one of the two lead vocalists. Since the group's debut in 2006, it has achieved 14 consecutive number ones (including studio albums) on the Oricon charts.
Akanishi is also a budding actor with roles in the second season of popular NTV school drama, Gokusen 2, Anego and Yukan Club. He was also a co-host of KAT-TUN's own variety show, Cartoon KAT-TUN, and used to host a radio program called "KAT-TUN Style" with former bandmate Junnosuke Taguchi from October 2007 to March 2008.
Born in the Chiba Prefecture on July 4, 1984, Akanishi is the oldest child. His family consists of his parents and a younger brother, Reio, who also works in the entertainment industry as an actor under the stage name, Fuuta. His given name, Jin ("benevolence"), comes from one of the five Confucian virtues. He moved to Tokyo in the first grade. He is good friend of Tomohisa Yamashita and the two remain close today. In 1997, when he was still in grade school, a classmate sent in a photo of him to idol magazine, Myojo, and he was featured in the "Cool Classmates" corner of the issue. Akanishi expressed interest in the entertainment industry and his mother thus sent in an application to Johnny's Entertainment on his behalf in 1998. Though he technically failed his audition on November 8, 1998, he was told to stay when he tried to return his number plate to a man who happened to be Johnny Kitagawa himself.
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Joanna Pacitti
Joanna Pacitti (born October 6, 1984) is an American singer and lead vocalist in the band City (Comma) State.
In 1996, at age 12, Pacitti was chosen to star in the 20th anniversary revival of the musical Annie after entering a contest sponsored by the department store Macy's. Pacitti starred in 106 performances with the national tour, obtaining mixed reviews.
Shortly before the show was to open on Broadway, she was terminated by the show's producers. The firing generated national publicity. Pacitti appeared for interviews on ABC World News Tonight, Good Morning America, American Journal and Turning Point, an in-depth report with Barbara Walters. Her family employed a public relations strategist to elicit opportunities with various media outlets.[citation needed] After successfully appealing the initial rejection of her case, Pacitti eventually settled out of court on undisclosed terms.
Pacitti began pursuing a pop career throughout her teenage years. When she was 14 years old, she was discovered by Michelle Young, who met her in a restaurant and was instantly impressed by her demo tapes. Young introduced her to various people in the music business, ultimately resulting in a five-year record deal with industry giant Ron Fair of A&M records.
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Joe Pavelski
Joseph Pavelski (born July 11, 1984) is an American professional ice hockey player now playing for the San Jose Sharks of the National Hockey League (NHL). He scored a goal in his first NHL game, making him the 11th Sharks player in the history of the team to do so. He won a silver medal as a member of the United States national men's ice hockey team at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver.
Joe was born to Sandy and Mike Pavelski. His family is Polish American. His mother said: "He loved anything athletic, and hockey was just a good fit for the winter. You didn't realize that your son was that good.". Joe Pavelski is co-owner of the Janesville Jets NAHL team. His younger brother Scott currently plays for the University of New Hampshire men's ice hockey team "
Pavelski won a Wisconsin State Hockey Championship with SPASH (Stevens Point Area Senior High) Panthers in 2002. He was a member of the 2004 Clark Cup champion Waterloo Blackhawks of the USHL. He won the 2004 USHL Dave Tyler Junior Player of the Year Award
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John Betjeman
Sir John Betjeman, CBE ( /ˈbɛtʃəmən/; 28 August 1906 – 19 May 1984) was an English poet, writer and broadcaster who described himself in Who's Who as a "poet and hack".
He was a founding member of the Victorian Society and a passionate defender of Victorian architecture. Starting his career as a journalist, he ended it as one of the most popular British Poets Laureate to date and a much-loved figure on British television.
Betjeman was born "John Betjemann"; this was changed to the less German "Betjeman" during the First World War. His parents, Mabel (née Dawson) and Ernest Betjemann had a family firm which manufactured the kind of ornamental household furniture and gadgets distinctive to Victorians. His father's forebears had come from the Netherlands, more than a century earlier, setting up their home and business in Islington, London. Betjeman was baptised at St. Anne's Church Highgate Rise, a 19th Century church situated just at the foot of Highgate West Hill. The family lived at Parliament Hill Mansions in the Lissenden Gardens private estate in Highgate in North London.
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John Comer
John Comer (1 March 1924 – 11 February 1984) was a British actor best known for his comedy roles in the television series I Didn't Know You Cared, Last of the Summer Wine and All Our Saturdays.
The son of Mary and Thomas Comer, he was born at 104 King Street, Stretford, one of five children. He was baptised into the Roman Catholic Church at St Ann's, Stretford, and educated at the Parish School between 1928 and 1939. Comer began his working career as a Bevin Boy working in the pits. He later gained an engineering apprenticeship at Metropolitan-Vickers, Trafford Park.
Comer began his career performing a comedy routine around local social clubs and pubs in the 1930s and 40s. In 1952, with his younger brother Tony, he performed in a children's theatre production for local schools in Stretford and the siblings then formed a double act named 'The Comer Brothers'. In 1957, the brothers began a regular slot at the Manchester Apollo performing a variety act entitled Comer's Cottage
In 1958, The Comer Brothers partook in an ITV talent show called Bid For Fame and also began working for Butlins and in 1959 won first prize in the Butlins National Talent Contest, winning £1,000 and a film contract with The Boulting Brothers.
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John Hoagland
John Hoagland (15 June 1947 – 16 March 1984) was a war photographer and photojournalist noted for his documentation of civil conflicts in Nicaragua, Lebanon, and El Salvador.
Hoagland was born in San Diego, California, and educated at the University of California, San Diego. During the Vietnam War, Hoagland applied for and received conscientious objector status, but war was a subject that had a massive impact on his life and death. He photographed the Sandinista Revolution in Nicaragua, after which he moved to El Salvador in 1979. He also photographed in Beirut.
By 1984, Hoagland was on the "hit list" of the government death squads. Many of his colleagues had been assassinated already in El Salvador. On 16 March, he was gunned down while photographing a pair of Salvadoran soldiers. The journalist and photographer 'John Cassidy,' played by John Savage in the 1986 movie Salvador was loosely based on Hoagland.
Hoagland's son, Eros Hoagland, is also a photographer who currently works in conflict zones around the globe.
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John Jairo Castillo
John Jairo Castillo (born April 20, 1984, in Cali, Colombia) is a Colombian football Striker, who currently plays for Itagüí in the Copa Mustang.
Castillo's first name is sometimes spelled Jhon and his nickname is "Tigrillo". He signed with the team in January 2008 on a long-team contract. He has played for numerous Colombian teams such as Deportes Tolima in the Copa Mustang and also for Bolivian club Oriente Petrolero and most recently for Venezuelan club Guaros de Lara FC. Recently the criticism in Chile over his poor play reached its peak when he missed a goal in the playoffs which found him wide open on an empty net.
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John Marley
John Marley (October 17, 1907 – May 22, 1984) was an American actor who was known for his role as Phil Cavalleri in Love Story and as Jack Woltz— the defiant film mogul who awakens to find the severed head of his prized horse in his bed—in The Godfather (1972). He starred in John Cassavetes' breakthrough feature Faces (1968) and appeared in The Glitter Dome (1984).
Marley was a prolific character actor, appearing in nearly 150 films and television series, including The Alfred Hitchcock Hour, Johnny Staccato, and CBS's anthology series, The Lloyd Bridges Show throughout a career that spanned forty-five years.
In 1960, he portrayed the Oglala Lakota Chief Crazy Horse on the episode "Escort Detail" of NBC's Overland Trail western series, starring William Bendix and Doug McClure. In 1961, he guest starred as Josiah Brady in the episode "Hand of Vengeance", along with Denver Pyle, on the syndicated western Two Faces West.
Marley was nominated for an Academy Award as Best Actor in a Supporting Role for his role in Love Story but lost to John Mills, who won for Ryan's Daughter. One of his most notable roles, albeit short, was that of film producer Jack Woltz in The Godfather. He played 'Max', a film producer who was a caring father figure to Burt Reynolds in the stuntman tribute, Hooper (1978).
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John McCain
John Sidney McCain III (born August 29, 1936) is the senior United States Senator from Arizona. He was the Republican presidential nominee in the 2008 United States election.
McCain followed his father and grandfather, both four-star admirals, into the United States Navy, graduating from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1958. He became a naval aviator, flying ground-attack aircraft from aircraft carriers. During the Vietnam War, he was almost killed in the 1967 USS Forrestal fire. In October 1967, while on a bombing mission over Hanoi, he was shot down, seriously injured, and captured by the North Vietnamese. He was a prisoner of war until 1973. McCain experienced episodes of torture, and refused an out-of-sequence early repatriation offer. His war wounds left him with lifelong physical limitations.
He retired from the Navy as a captain in 1981 and moved to Arizona, where he entered politics. Elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1982, he served two terms, and was then elected to the U.S. Senate in 1986, winning re-election easily four times, most recently in 2010. While generally adhering to conservative principles, McCain at times has had a media reputation as a "maverick" for his willingness to disagree with his party on certain issues. After being investigated and largely exonerated in a political influence scandal of the 1980s as a member of the Keating Five, he made campaign finance reform one of his signature concerns, which eventually led to the passage of the McCain-Feingold Act in 2002. He is also known for his work towards restoring diplomatic relations with Vietnam in the 1990s, and for his belief that the war in Iraq should be fought to a successful conclusion. McCain has chaired the Senate Commerce Committee, opposed spending that he considered to be pork barrel, and played a key role in alleviating a crisis over judicial nominations.
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Johnny Carson
John William "Johnny" Carson (October 23, 1925 – January 23, 2005) was an American television host and comedian, known for thirty years as host of The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson (1962–1992). Carson received six Emmy Awards, the Governor Award, and a 1985 Peabody Award. He was inducted into the Television Academy Hall of Fame in 1987. Johnny Carson was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1992 and received a Kennedy Center Honor in 1993.
Although his show was already successful by the end of the 1960s, during the 1970s Carson became an American icon and remained so until his retirement in 1992. He adopted a casual, conversational approach with extensive interaction with guests, an approach pioneered by Arthur Godfrey and previous Tonight Show hosts Steve Allen and Jack Paar. Late night hosts David Letterman, Jay Leno, Conan O'Brien, Craig Ferguson, and Jimmy Fallon have all cited Carson's influence on their late-night talk shows, which resemble his in format and tone.
Carson was born in Corning, Iowa, in the year 1925, to Homer Lloyd "Kit" Carson, a power company manager, and Ruth Hook Carson, who was of Irish descent. He grew up in the nearby towns of Avoca, Clarinda, and Red Oak in southwest Iowa before moving to Norfolk, Nebraska, at the age of eight. At the age of twelve, Carson found a book on magic at a friend's house and immediately purchased a mail-order magician's kit. He debuted as "The Great Carsoni" at fourteen and was paid $3; many other performances at local picnics and country fairs followed.
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Johnny Weissmuller
Johnny Weissmuller (born Janos Weißmüller; June 2, 1904 – January 20, 1984) was an Austrian-Hungarian-born American swimmer and actor best known for playing Tarzan in movies. Weissmuller was one of the world's best swimmers in the 1920s, winning five Olympic gold medals and one bronze medal. He won fifty-two US National Championships and set sixty-seven world records. After his swimming career, he became the sixth actor to portray Edgar Rice Burroughs's ape man Tarzan in films, a role he played in twelve motion pictures. Dozens of other actors have also played Tarzan, but Weissmuller is by far the best known. His character's distinctive, ululating Tarzan yell is still often used in films.
Weissmüller was born to Peter Weissmüller, who was an ethnic German and his wife Elisabeth Kersch, both of them Banat Swabians, in the Szabadfalu (Freidorf) suburb of the city of Temesvár (Romanian: Timişoara) in the Kingdom of Hungary, in the Austria-Hungarian Empire (since 1918 in Romania). The ship's roster from his family's arrival at Ellis Island lists his birthplace as Párdány (Serbian: Pardanj, today Međa), village on territory of today's Serbia, not far from the Romanian border.
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Joross Gamboa
John Ross Sanchez Gamboa, better known by his screen name Joross Gamboa (born November 28, 1984 in Daet, Camarines Norte, Philippines), is a Filipino actor who is now a former GMA Network contract artist after moving back to ABS-CBN.
After four years of being with ABS-CBN Star Magic, Joross Gamboa asked to be released and signed a two-year contract under the management of Becky Aguila. He was seen in the comedy segment Kaya Mo Ba To? in 2005 followed by Maynila in 2007 of the GMA Network, which became the reason for rumors of Joross moving to the said Network. After signing a contract with Becky Aguila, he will stay with ABS-CBN as his new talent manager still has issues with GMA Network. Joross will now join Jennylyn Mercado, and Valerie Concepcion under the stable of Ms. Aguila.
After the transfers of fellow former Kapamilya Stars Claudine Barreto & Bayani Agbayani are both moved to GMA Channel 7, Joross Gamboa is now a Kapuso Star for a contract signing last December 21. He is the fourth Star Circle Questor move on GMA-7 such us Hero Angeles, Joseph Bitangcol and Michelle Madrigal.
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Josef Fritzl
The Fritzl case emerged in April 2008 when a 42-year-old woman, Elisabeth Fritzl (born April 6, 1966), stated to police in the town of Amstetten, Austria, that she had been held captive for 24 years in a concealed corridor part of the basement area of the family home, a condominium-style apartment complex built by her father, Josef Fritzl (born April 9, 1935), and that Fritzl had physically assaulted, sexually abused, and raped her numerous times during her imprisonment. The incestuous relationship forced upon her by her father resulted in the birth of seven children and one miscarriage.
Three of the children were imprisoned along with their mother Elisabeth for the whole of their lives: daughter Kerstin, aged 19, and sons Stefan, 18, and Felix, 5. One child, Michael, died of respiratory problems three days after birth, having been deprived of all medical help; his body was incinerated by Josef Fritzl on his property. The three other children were raised by Fritzl and his wife Rosemarie in the upstairs home. Fritzl engineered the appearance of these children as foundlings discovered outside his house: Lisa at nine months in 1993, Monika at ten months in 1994, and Alexander at 15 months in 1997. When the eldest daughter, Kerstin, became seriously ill, Josef acceded to Elisabeth's pleas to take her to a hospital, triggering a series of events that eventually led to their discovery.
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Joseph Losey
Joseph Walton Losey (January 14, 1909, La Crosse, Wisconsin – June 22, 1984, London) was an American theater and film director. After studying in Germany with Bertolt Brecht, Losey returned to the United States, eventually making his way to Hollywood. In the 1950s Losey was blacklisted in the United States and moved to Europe where he made the remainder of his films, mostly in the United Kingdom.
During the McCarthy Era, Losey was named during hearings of the HUAC for his supposed ties with the Communist Party. Although he was never officially blacklisted, his career in the US declined, and he moved to England to continue working as a director.
Even in the UK, he experienced problems: his first British film, The Sleeping Tiger, a 1954 film noir crime thriller, bore the pseudonym Victor Hanbury, rather than his own name, in the credits as director, as the stars of the film, Alexis Smith and Alexander Knox, feared being blacklisted in Hollywood due to working on a film he directed. He was also originally slated to direct the 1956 Hammer Films production X the Unknown; however, after a few days work on the project, star Dean Jagger refused to work with a supposed Communist sympathiser and Losey was moved off the project.
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Josh Duhon
Josh Duhon (born August 27, 1982) is an American actor. He was born Joshua Wilson Duhon in McKinney, Texas, and stands 6'. Josh Duhon joined the cast of General Hospital in March 2007 as Logan Hayes, Lulu Spencer's eventual love interest. He left the series in September 2008.
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Josh Harding
Joshua Joel Harding (born June 18, 1984) is a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender playing for the Minnesota Wild of the National Hockey League.
Harding played three seasons of junior hockey in the Western Hockey League (WHL) with the Regina Pats and Brandon Wheat Kings. He won the Del Wilson and Four Broncos Memorial Trophies in 2003 as the WHL's top goaltender and most outstanding player respectively. He represented Canada at the 2004 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships, winning a silver medal. He was selected in the second round of the 2002 NHL Entry Draft (38th overall) by the Wild. He began his professional career with the Houston Aeros of the American Hockey League, the Wild's development team. In the 2004–2005 season, his rookie season with the Aeros, he posted a 21–16–3 record with a 2.01 goals against average.
Harding was called up to the Wild on March 8, 2006, after goalie Dwayne Roloson was traded to the Edmonton Oilers. Before being called up, he had a 27–8–0 record with a .923% save percentage (second best in the AHL) in the Aeros' 2005–2006 season. He finished the season with a 29–8–0 record for the Aeros. He appeared in three games with the Wild in 2005–06, going 2–1–0 with a 2.59 goals against average.
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Julia Mancuso
Julia Mancuso (born March 9, 1984) is a World Cup alpine ski racer with the U.S. Ski Team. Born in in Reno, Nevada, she was the gold medalist in the giant slalom at the 2006 Winter Olympics and the silver medalist in both downhill and combined at the 2010 Winter Olympics. She has also won four medals (two silver and two bronze) at the World Championships and seven races in regular World Cup competition. Her three Olympic medals are the most ever for a female American alpine skier.
Mancuso made her World Cup debut at Copper Mountain, Colorado, on November 20, 1999, at the age of 15. She scored her first World Cup points (top-30 finish in a race) during the 2001 season. While she often struggled in World Cup races over the next few seasons, she enjoyed exceptional success at the Junior World Championships, winning a record eight medals, including five golds in 2002, 2003, and 2004.
Her World Cup results improved dramatically during the 2005 season, as she climbed to ninth place overall from 55th place in 2004. At the 2005 World Championships, she won bronze medals in both the super G and the giant slalom competitions. Her gold medal at the 2006 Turin Winter Olympics was unexpected, as she had just three podiums that season, though all were within weeks of the Olympics. Only one of those podiums was in giant slalom, a third place in the final GS race before the Olympics.
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Julio Cortázar
Julio Cortázar, born Jules Florencio Cortázar (August 26, 1914 – February 12, 1984), was an Argentine Novelist, Short Story Writer and Essayist. Known as one of the founders of the Latin American Boom, Cortázar influenced an entire generation of Spanish-speaking readers and writers in the Americas and Europe, he has also been hailed a "A Modern Master of the Short Story".
Cortázar's parents, Julio José Cortázar and María Herminia Descotte, moved from Argentina in 1913 to Brussels, Belgium, where Cortázar was born on August 26, 1914. At the time of his birth Belgium was occupied by the German troops of Kaiser Wilhelm II. Shortly thereafter the family moved to Zürich where María Herminia's parents, Victoria Gabel and Louis Descotte (a French National) were waiting in neutral territory. The family group spent the next two years in Switzerland, first in Zurich, then in Geneva, before moving for a short period to Barcelona. The Cortázars settled in Buenos Aires by the end of 1919.
Once in Argentina, his parents divorced a few years later. Cortázar spent most of his childhood in Banfield, a suburb south of Buenos Aires, with his mother and younger sister. The home in Banfield, with its back yard, was a source of inspiration for some of his stories. Despite this, in a letter to Graciela M. de Solá on December 4, 1963 he described this period of his life as "full of servitude, excessive touchiness, terrible and frequent sadness." He was a sickly child and spent much of his childhood in bed reading. His mother selected what he read[citation needed], introducing her son most notably to the works of Jules Verne, whom Cortázar admired for the rest of his life. In the magazine Plural (issue 44, Mexico City, May 1975) he wrote: "I spent my childhood in a haze full of goblins and elves, with a sense of space and time that was different from everybody else's."
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June Duprez
June Duprez (14 May 1918 – 30 October 1984) was an English film actress.
The daughter of American vaudeville performer Fred Duprez, she was born in Teddington, Middlesex, England, during an air raid in the final months of the First World War.
She began acting in her teens with a theatre company and made her first film, The Crimson Circle, in 1936. Her next film, The Cardinal (1936), was also a success, and she had a small role in The Spy in Black (1938), but it was her fourth film, The Four Feathers (1939), that made her a film star. Her peak of success came with the landmark fantasy film The Thief of Bagdad (1940), which she made for Alexander Korda.
Korda took charge of her career after this point and took her to Hollywood where he set her asking price at $50,000 per film. However, as Duprez had not yet achieved the level of popularity in America that she had in Britain, Korda's tactic only served to place her out of contention for most roles. She appeared in Little Tokyo, U.S.A. (1942), Tiger Fangs (1943), None But the Lonely Heart (1944) and The Brighton Strangler (1945) before performing well amid a top ensemble cast in René Clair's film version of Agatha Christie's And Then There Were None (1945). After a few more films, Duprez retired. Her final credited film performance was in One Plus One (1961).
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June Marlowe
June Marlowe (November 6, 1903 – March 10, 1984), was an American actress, who appeared in six Our Gang short subjects as the lovely schoolteacher Miss Crabtree.
Marlowe was born Gisela Valaria Goetten of German parents in St. Cloud, Minnesota. She was a prolific actress in silent films during the 1920s, appearing in films opposite John Barrymore and Rin Tin Tin. She was one of the WAMPAS Baby Stars of 1925. Her career did well until the introduction of talking pictures. Marlowe did not make an easy transition, and by 1930 she was starting to drift away from acting.
By chance, she happened to meet Our Gang director Robert F. McGowan one day in a Los Angeles, California, department store. McGowan was searching for an actress to portray the schoolteacher in the Our Gang series of children's comedies. After producer Hal Roach suggested that brunette Marlowe don a blonde wig to match the hair of the lead kid in the series, Jackie Cooper, she was given the part of Miss Crabtree.
Marlowe and Cooper were paired together in three Our Gang films, Teacher's Pet, School's Out and Love Business. She also had a small role in 1931's Little Daddy. In addition to her work in Our Gang, Marlowe appeared in fellow Roach stars Laurel and Hardy's first feature film, Pardon Us.
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Junie Browning
Junie Allen Browning (born May 12, 1985) is an American mixed martial artist. He was a cast member of SpikeTV's The Ultimate Fighter: Team Nogueira vs. Team Mir.
Junie "The Lunatic" Browning was born in Florida and raised in Kentucky. He attended Bourbon County High School where he competed in football and the 160 lb (73 kg). division of wrestling. At the age of four, Browning began sparring with his brother to train for combat sports. Browning trained with Four Seasons MMA under Mike O'Donnell; then moving to Las Vegas, NV and trained with Xtreme Couture. His younger brother, Rob Browning, fights for the Lexington-based organization American Fight League.
Browning was a fighter on The Ultimate Fighter reality show. In his elimination bout, he defeated by TKO Jose Aguilar who did not answer the bell for the second round. He then was the first pick of the lightweights for Team Mir. Browning was also successful in his quarterfinal match-up with Rolando Delgado, winning by decision after 3 rounds, dropping and nearly finishing Delgado in the second round. While Browning trained with team Mir, he repeatedly stated that other members on the team, namely future opponent Dave Kaplan, refused to train with him due to his intensity during training. Browning was defeated on the last episode before the finals by Efrain Escudero. He ended the show by promising to be back as a fighter.
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Júlia Liptáková
Júlia Liptáková (born April 8, 1984, Nová Dubnica, Czechoslovakia (now Slovakia) is a Slovak model.
Júlia Liptáková was born in the small Slovak town of Nová Dubnica, near Trenčín, where she spent almost all of her childhood years. When she successfully passed her entry examination, she began her studies at High School at Dubnica nad Váhom. Currently, she studies at college.
Ever since she was sixteen, she has been participating in various beauty pageants. She won the Miss dievča (Miss Teen Girl) pageant in her home town, Nová Dubnica, in 2000. In the year of 2004, she won the title of Miss Body Beautiful of the World in Malaysia and the special prize at the Miss Bikini of the World pageant in China.
In September 2005, she competed at the international finals of the Model Of The Year pageant in Korea and became the 2nd Vice Miss, and won the Best Body in Swimsuit category. In the directly following the Global Beauty Queen pageant that took place in China, she ranked 4th (the 3rd runner up) and won the Miss Disco Queen category.
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Karel Miljon
Karel Leendert Miljon (September 17, 1903 – February 8, 1984) was a Dutch boxer, who won the bronze medal in the light heavyweight division at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam.
He was born in Amsterdam and died in Bennebroek.
Miljon won the Dutch title eleven times, and also participated in the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris, where he was eliminated in the first round of the light heavyweight competition after losing his fight against the upcoming gold medalist Harry Mitchell.
1928 (as a Light heavyweight)
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Karl Wolff
Karl Friedrich Otto Wolff (13 May 1900 – 17 July 1984) was a high-ranking member of the Nazi Schutzstaffel (SS), ultimately holding the rank of SS-Obergruppenführer and General of the Waffen-SS. He became Chief of Personal Staff to the Reichsführer (Heinrich Himmler) and SS Liaison Officer to Hitler until his replacement in 1943. He ended World War II as the Supreme Commander of all SS forces in Italy.
Karl Friedrich Otto Wolff was born in Darmstadt, Germany. His father was a district court judge, who called him "Karele", which stayed Karl's nickname until his death in 1984. Raised agnostically, after the family spent two years in Schwerte they returned to Darmstadt where Wolff was educated at the local Roman Catholic school.
After Abitur, Wolff joined the Imperial German Army at age 16, during World War I. He underwent four months of military training as an Fahnenjunker, then volunteered on 5 September 1917 to serve on the Western Front. Commissioned an officer the following year, he was awarded the Iron Cross second class for bravery. Wolff decided to make the army his career. After the Armistice, he joined the Hesse Infantry Regiment, and for actions during the war received the Iron Cross first class.
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Karolína Kurková
Karolína Isela Kurková (born February 28, 1984) is a Czech model, best known as a former Victoria's Secret Angel, and an aspiring actress. Mario Testino said of Kurková: "The proportions of her body and her face, as well as her energy level, make her a model who could fit almost into any moment."Vogue editor Anna Wintour called her the "next supermodel".
Kurková is among the world's top-earning models, having earned an estimated $5 million in the year 2007. She was placed 6th in the Forbes annual list of the highest earning models.
Karolína Kurková was born in Děčín, Czechoslovakia, to Josef Kurka, a Czech basketball player, and a Slovak mother. While Kurková was young, she was made fun of for her height. But after a friend sent photos of Kurková to an agency in Prague, she – at 15 – landed a runway appearance, as well as a commercial and print advertising.[citation needed] She later traveled to Milan to gain more experience and signed a modeling contract with Miuccia Prada.
In September 1999, Kurková appeared in the American edition of fashion and lifestyle magazine Vogue, and, after moving to New York City at the age of 17, graced the cover of the February 2001 edition.
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Kate French
Kate Lauren French (born September 23, 1984) is an American television and film actress and model. She is perhaps best known for her role as Niki Stevens on The L Word.
French was born in Flemington, New Jersey to fashion models Joan (née Gocha) and William Robinson "Rob" French.[citation needed] Her mother was signed to the prestigious Ford modeling agency. French spent her childhood years in South Kingstown, Rhode Island and West Amwell, New Jersey. Her family then moved to New York where they settled in Quogue on Long Island. Her parents divorced and her mother later married fashion photographer Jim Reiher, who has represented the United States in aerobatics. French attended Westhampton Beach High School where she was a member of the track and field team. French has a younger brother, Scott, as well as a younger half-brother, Hunter, from her mother's remarriage. French is of German, French, English and Irish descent.[citation needed]
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Kate Lang Johnson
Kate Lang Johnson (born September 7, 1984) is an American actress and model. She has acted in the feature films Fired Up and Behind the Mask: The Rise of Leslie Vernon and she has guest starred on television shows such as Life and ER. She is currently a series regular on the NBC miniseries Persons Unknown.
Kate was born Kathrine Banister Johnson in Minneapolis, Minnesota. She grew up doing theater in and around Orange County, California. She was discovered in a school play when she was a junior in high school and subsequently moved to Los Angeles in order to pursue acting. She has guest starred on many shows: Boston Public, Malcolm in the Middle, Drake & Josh, CSI: Miami, Quintuplets, Summerland, The Bold and the Beautiful, Days of Our Lives, Ugly Betty, ER, Life, Hellcats, and Secret Girlfriend. She is also a series regular on the new NBC miniseries Persons Unknown. In addition to her television work, Kate has also appeared in the feature films Fired Up, Tom Cool, and had a supporting role in the well reviewed indie horror flick Behind the Mask: The Rise of Leslie Vernon. She is represented by Innovative Artists.
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Katharine McPhee
Katharine Hope McPhee (born March 25, 1984) is an American pop singer, songwriter and actress. She gained fame as a contestant on the fifth season of the Fox reality show American Idol in 2006, eventually finishing as the runner-up.
Her self-titled debut album was released on RCA Records on January 30, 2007 and debuted at number two on the Billboard 200; it has sold 381,000 copies to date. The album's first single, "Over It", was a Pop Top 30 hit and was certified gold in 2008.
Her second album, Unbroken, was released on Verve Forecast Records on January 5, 2010 and debuted at number 27 on the Billboard 200. The album featured the single "Had It All", which peaked at number 22 on the Billboard AC chart. It has sold 45,000 copies to date. Her third album, the holiday-themed Christmas Is the Time to Say I Love You, was released on October 12, 2010. The album debuted at number eleven on the Billboard Top Holiday Albums chart while the single "Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas" peaked at number sixteen on the Billboard AC chart. The album has sold 23,000 copies to date.
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Katie Melua
Ketevan "Katie" Melua /ˈmɛluːə/ (Georgian: ქეთევან "ქეთი" მელუა listen (help·info); born 16 September 1984) is a Georgian-born British singer, songwriter and musician. She moved to Northern Ireland at the age of eight and then to England at fourteen. Melua is signed to the small Dramatico record label, under the management of composer Mike Batt, and made her musical debut in 2003. In 2006, she was the United Kingdom's best-selling female artist and Europe's highest selling European female artist.
In November 2003, at the age of nineteen, Melua released her first album, Call off the Search, which reached the top of the United Kingdom album charts and sold 1.8 million copies in its first five months of release. Her second album, Piece by Piece, was released in September 2005 and to date[update] has gone platinum four times. Melua released her third studio album Pictures in October 2007.
According to the Sunday Times Rich List 2008, Melua has a fortune of £18 million, making her the seventh richest British musician under thirty. It was reported in 2009 that she may have lost millions as a result of the global economic downturn. As of May 2011 the singer could have a £12m fortune and she came second in the under 30 rich list.
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Katrina Kaif
Katrina Kaif (born 16 July 1984) is a British Indian actress and former model who appears in Indian films, mainly in the Hindi-language film industry. She has also appeared in Telugu and Malayalam films. She was voted the sexiest Asian woman in the world by Eastern Eye in the years 2008, 2009 and 2010. Being a British citizen, she works in India on an employment visa.
Kaif made her acting debut with Kaizad Gustad's box office bomb Boom (2003). She tasted success in 2007 with Vipul Shah's Namastey London and followed with such films as Anees Bazmee's Welcome (2007), Abbas-Mustan's Race (2008) and Kabir Khan's New York (2009). She has since appeared in critically and commercially successful films like Prakash Jha's political thriller Rajneeti (2010) and Zoya Akhtar's dramedy Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara (2011).
Kaif was born in Hong Kong, to an Indian Kashmiri father, Mohammed Kaif, and an English mother, Susanna Turquotte, both of whom are British citizens. Her parents divorced when she was very young. Kaif once stated, "My dad, unfortunately, and not out of choice, has had no influence on our upbringing, on our religious or social or moral bearings." When she came to India, she changed her surname to Kaif, because it was Indian in origin. Furthermore, Ayesha Shroff has maintained that the actress' original name is Katrina Turquotte. Kaif has seven siblings; a brother and six sisters. From Hong Kong, she and her family moved to China, then to Japan. From there she went to France when she was 8, and thereafter lived for a few months at a time in Switzerland, Poland, Germany, Belgium, and other European countries. Then she moved with her family to Hawaii, and eventually to her mother's home country of England. Although it is often assumed that Kaif is from London, she lived there only for three years before finally moving to Mumbai.
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Katy Perry
Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson (born October 25, 1984), known by her stage name Katy Perry, is an American singer, songwriter and actress. Perry grew up with gospel music, and during her first year of high school she pursued a music career as Katy Hudson, releasing her first studio album called Katy Hudson which failed to chart. She recorded a solo album later, which was never released. After signing with Capitol Music Group in 2007, her fourth record label in seven years, she adopted the stage name Katy Perry.
She first gained recognition with the release of her first mainstream album, One of the Boys in 2008, which spawned three Billboard Hot 100 top-ten songs—"I Kissed A Girl", "Hot n Cold" and "Waking Up In Vegas". Perry supported the album with her Hello Katy Tour. In 2010, her third studio album, Teenage Dream (2010), which topped the Billboard 200 chart, and spawned five number one singles—"California Gurls", "Teenage Dream", "Firework", "E.T." and "Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)"—Teenage Dream was the only album (after Michael Jackson's Bad)—to do so, and the first female in history to achieve this milestone. She embarked on the California Dreams Tour, which grossed nearly $60 million worldwide. Perry re-released the album under the name of Teenage Dream: The Complete Confection on March 26, 2012, and the re-release has already spawned the number-one single "Part of Me".
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Kaycee Stroh
Kaycee Stroh (born May 29, 1984) is an American actress, singer and dancer, best known for her roles in the hit Disney Channel Original Movies, High School Musical, High School Musical 2 and High School Musical 3: Senior Year. She was a contestant in the VH1 reality show Celebrity Fit Club.
Stroh appeared in High School Musical, High School Musical 2 and High School Musical 3 as smart girl Martha Cox, who secretly loved to "pop & lock & jam & break". A professional dance instructor at the Thompson Lane Entertainment Center, her role in the franchise materialized when she took her students to the auditions herself. Along with her fellow cast for the movie, she appeared at the Teen Choice Awards to accept an honorary award charting the film's instant success and at the American Music Awards of 2007 accepting the award for Favorite Album. Stroh also serves as co-host for the dance-along version of High School Musical 2.
She also has a recurring role in the Disney Channel Original Series, The Suite Life of Zack and Cody as Leslie, a girl who played on the same volleyball team as main characters of the show, London and Maddie.
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Keiichiro Koyama
Keiichiro Koyama (小山 慶一郎, Koyama Keiichirō?, born 1 May 1984) is a Japanese musician and member of the Johnny's Entertainment group NEWS.
Koyama, born in Sagamihara, Kanagawa as the youngest of two children, is the oldest member of NEWS and is often seen as the mother figure of the group. Before he was in NEWS, he was a member of BAD and J-Support, which was later renamed K.K.Kity, along with fellow NEWS members Hironori Kusano and Shigeaki Kato. As the leader of K.K.Kity, he was often an announcer and this has carried through to NEWS. Despite this, he actually only joined Johnny's Entertainment at the beginning of 2001, when he was 17 years old.
Upon entering Johnny's Entertainment on January 21, 2001, Koyama started out with the unit B.A.D. which stands for Beautiful American Dream. His second unit as a junior was B.B.D. which at first stood for Bad Boys Dancing, but was later changed to Best Beat Dancing. In October 2001, he was chosen as a member of Domoto Koichi's project, J Support, alongside fellow NEWS members Hironori Kusano and Shigeaki Kato. It was in this unit that Koyama started out as an announcer for shows such as the Ya-Ya-yah Show, and this has carried through to NEWS, which he joined in September 2003.
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Keisha Buchanan
Keisha Kerreece Fayeanne Buchanan (born 30 September 1984) is an English singer-songwriter and was a founding member of the BRIT Award-winning girl group the Sugababes. With the Sugababes, Buchanan had six number one singles and two number one studio albums, making the Sugababes one of the most successful British pop acts of the 21st century. Buchanan was asked to leave the band in September 2009 and was replaced by Jade Ewen.
Buchanan met Mutya Buena while at primary school in Kingsbury. At the age of thirteen the pair met Siobhán Donaghy at a music studio. The three formed a girl group called the Sugababies but then changed to the Sugababes. In 1998, the Sugababes were offered their first record deal with London Records and had their first break-through hit in 2000 with "Overload" from their debut album One Touch. After Donaghy left the group in August 2001 to be replaced by Heidi Range the group were dropped from London but were signed up by Island Records. Buena departed in December 2005, replaced by Amelle Berrabah, leaving Buchanan as the only founding member still in the Sugababes between 2005 to 2009. The Sugababes had six number-one singles, "Freak Like Me", "Round Round", "Hole in the Head", "Push the Button", "Walk This Way" and "About You Now". They have also had several top-three hits including "Ugly", "Girls" and Buchanan's final release with the group, "Get Sexy". The group has also had six top-ten albums, two of which, Taller in More Ways and Change, went to number one in the UK and were certified triple platinum. In terms of record sales, the Sugababes are the most successful female act of the century, and have had #1 singles in fifteen other countries in Europe and Asia — "Hole in the Head" also went to #1 on the U.S. Billboard dance chart.
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Kelli Garner
Kelli Brianne Garner (born April 11, 1984) is an American actress. Her credits include Man of the House,The Aviator, Bully and Thumbsucker. She appeared in two Green Day music videos "Jesus of Suburbia" and the unreleased "Whatsername". In December 2005, Garner starred in the Off-Broadway production of Dog Sees God: Confessions of a Teenage Blockhead at the Century Center for the Performing Arts. She plays Kate Cameron in Pan Am.
In March of 2012 she publicly revealed that she was dating actor Johnny Galecki.
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Kelly Osbourne
Kelly Michelle Lee Osbourne (born 27 October 1984) is an English media personality, television personality, host, fashion designer, singer and actress, best known for being the daughter of Ozzy and Sharon Osbourne. She was thrust into the limelight after appearing on the reality series The Osbournes with her family, for which they won a 2002 Emmy Award for Outstanding Reality Programme. She has also appeared on Dancing with the Stars, in which she and professional dance partner Louis van Amstel took third place, and has made forays into music, acting, theatre, writing, columnist and broadcast presenting.
Osbourne was born in Westminster, London. She has an elder sister, Aimee, and a younger brother, Jack. She has two half-siblings: Jessica Hobbs and Louis John Osbourne from Ozzy's first marriage. She had an unofficially "adopted" brother, Robert Marcato, whom Sharon and Ozzy took in after Marcato's mother died. Kelly grew up travelling with her father as he went on tour, and lived in more than 20 homes between the UK and the US.
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Kerry Bishé
Kerry Bishé (born May 1, 1984), is an American actress, best known for playing Lucy Bennett, the main character in season nine of medical comedy Scrubs. Bishé also starred as Billie Kashmiri in Fox's one-off science fiction drama Virtuality, originally intended to be a full series.
Bishé was born in New Jersey and attended Montclair Kimberley Academy (where her father, Kenneth Bishé, taught Social Studies ) graduating in 2002, then studied at Northwestern University.
Bishé toured professionally with Montana Shakespeare in the Parks during the summer of 2004, performing the role of Juliet in Romeo and Juliet. She also appeared in a 2006 production of Eugene O'Neill's The Hairy Ape and in the Roundabout revival of Shaw's Pygmalion.
Bishé's first on-screen acting job came in 2007, when she portrayed Sarah Ronson in The Half Life of Mason Lake, a low-budget production. After extra appearances on the Sex and the City film and The Lucky Ones, and a small role in 2008's The Understudy, Bishé was cast in Night Life, a TV movie directed by Scrubs star Zach Braff. The production did not make Bishé well-known, but did introduce her to Braff, with whom she would later work on Scrubs.
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Kevin Zegers
Kevin Joseph Zegers (born September 19, 1984) is a Canadian actor and model. He is best known for his leading roles as Josh Framm in the Air Bud series, as well as playing Damien Dalgaard in the Gossip Girl series and the protagonist in Rock Mafia's The Big Bang. He also had a main role in the 2010 film Frozen.
Zegers was born in Woodstock, Ontario to Jim Zegers, a longtime quarry worker, and Mary Ellen Zegers, a supply teacher. He grew up with two sisters, Krista and Katie. Zegers began his performing career at the age of 6, appearing in about 30 TV commercials. His first film appearance was at the age of 7, in a small role in the Michael J. Fox comedy Life With Mikey (1993). Subsequently, he appeared in many supporting roles, including a guest appearance on the television series The X-Files, playing a stigmatic child. He had the starring role in Air Bud (1997), a film about a sports-playing dog. In the years following, Zegers appeared in three sequels, as well as a similar genre film, MVP: Most Valuable Primate (2000), which featured a hockey-playing chimp.
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Khloé Kardashian
Khloé Kardashian Odom (née Khloé Kardashian; June 27, 1984) is an American businesswoman, television personality, radio host, socialite, and model. She is a member of the Kardashian family and when she, along with her family, began appearing in the reality television series Keeping Up with the Kardashians, she become known internationally. She has since appeared in spin-off series including Kourtney and Khloé Take Miami and Khloé & Lamar.
Kardashian is married to basketball player Lamar Odom, has worked in the modelling industry and has a business involvement in the clothing boutique D-A-S-H and various other stores, along with her sisters.
Khloe Kardashian was born in Los Angeles, California and grew up in Beverly Hills, California. Her parents are American business woman and television personality Kris Jenner and the late Robert Kardashian, a high-profile Los Angeles attorney. She is of Scottish and Dutch descent through her mother. She has two older sisters, Kourtney and Kim; one younger brother, Rob; and two younger half-sisters, Kendall and Kylie Jenner. She has three stepbrothers, Burt, Brandon, and Brody Jenner; and one stepsister, Casey Marino.[citation needed]
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Kid Cudi
Scott Ramon Seguro Mescudi (born January 30, 1984), better known by his stage name Kid Cudi ( /ˈkɪd ˈkʌdi/ KID KUD-ee), sometimes stylized KiD CuDi, is an American alternative hip hop recording artist, singer-songwriter, guitarist and actor. He first gained major attention after the release of his debut mixtape A Kid Named Cudi. In 2009, his single "Day 'n' Nite" reached the top five of the Billboard Hot 100 and Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs charts. "Day 'n' Nite" was included on Cudi's debut album Man on the Moon: The End of Day, which was later certified Gold. In 2010 he released his second studio album Man on the Moon II: The Legend of Mr. Rager, preceded by the release of two singles "Erase Me" and "Mr. Rager". In October 2010, Cudi announced that he would be forming a rock band with Dot da Genius called 'Wizard', later renamed WZRD. Their self-titled debut album was released on February 28, 2012. Kid Cudi has sold over 4.6 million digital singles and has worked with Kanye West, Common, David Guetta and other artists signed to the GOOD Music label.
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Kim Hyo Jin
Kim Hyo-jin (Hangul: 김효진; born February 10, 1984) is a South Korean actress.
Kim began her career modeling in teen magazines, and made her acting debut in 1999. She is most well known for her roles as the youngest of the three sisters in sex comedy film Everybody Has Secrets and as the female lead character in family drama I Am Happy.
Though she continues to act in mainstream films and TV dramas, in recent years Kim has become more adventurous in her choice of projects. She made her theater debut in the plays A Midsummer Night's Dream and Fool for Love, then made an acting leap into queer cinema. Kim said portraying a lesbian in Life is Peachy was not a problem for her: "I approached the film in this way: Two people meet and fall in love. And the person that I fall in love with happens to be a woman."
In 2011 Kim was cast in the upcoming Korea-China-Japan produced TV series Strangers 6, replacing Han Chae-young.Strangers 6 tells the story of six individuals from Korea, Japan and China assigned by the highest level authorities of their respective countries to protect the three countries' joint economic area from being infiltrated by a hostile organization. Kim and her co-star Oh Ji-ho were subsequently named promotional ambassadors for the city of Yeosu in South Jeolla Province where part of the drama was shot. Filming in Japan was delayed by the 2011 earthquake and tsunami, and the series aired on Japan's WOWOW TV and Korea's Channel A in 2012.
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Kim Joon
Kim Joon (born Kim Hyung Joon on February 3, 1984 in Gwacheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea), is a South Korean rapper, actor, and model who rose to stardom with his portrayal of Song Woo Bin, one of the famous F4 in KBS2's 2009 hit drama Boys Over Flowers.
Prior to his F4 fame, Kim Joon was already known as a member of K-pop group T-Max, who first debuted in 2007. He is both a rapper and a songwriter for the group. Their song entitled "Paradise" was featured in the first edition of the Boys Over Flowers' soundtrack. Other songs of T-Max that were featured in the subsequent editions of the Boys Over Flowers' Original Soundtrack were "Say Yes," "Wish You're My Love","Fight The Bad Feeling," and "Bang Bang Boom." Kim Joon also had a single in the soundtrack entitled "To Empty Out" with Kim Jo Han. He also had his solo song "Jun Be O.K.", written by himself, with Kim Hyun Joong doing a cameo appearance in the music video of the song.
After Kim Joon's stardom, T-MAX took part of many OST's for various dramas and movies. From April 2009 to December 2010, Kim Joon was a permanent cast of “Invincible Baseball Team”, a KBS 2TV program which aired during Saturday Challenges and was chosen as MVP for several weeks. Thanks to “Invincible Baseball Team” Joon cultivated friendships with some of Korea's top celebrities among them his idol, DJ DOC. On June 2009, he took part on the Mnet variety show "Mnet Scandal", a show where a celebrity will go out with a non-celebrity for a week. In the end, Joon decided to not keep dating his partner. Aside from being a guest on several variety shows, in July 2009, he took on a theatrical role in the musical Youthful March (젊음의 행진). On November 26, 2009 he tested positive for H1N1; he made a speedy recovery his agency, but was forced to cancel a 2D1N trip to the Philippines for a fan-meeting on the 30th.
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Kirsten Storms
Kirsten Renee Storms (born April 8, 1984) is an American actress. Her biggest break came when she was cast as Isabella "Belle" Black in the NBC soap opera Days of our Lives from 1999 to 2004.
Following her departure from Days of Our Lives, in 2005, Storms was cast as the character Maxie Jones on the ABC soap opera General Hospital and its spin-off General Hospital: Night Shift.
Storms was born in Orlando, Florida. She is the daughter of Mike (a sportscaster) and Karen Storms. She has a younger sister named Gretchen, a brother named Austin and a stepbrother named Chris. At the age of 5, Storms was discovered by a talent scout while performing in a showcase at an acting school for children. The talent scout convinced her parents into enrolling their child in an intensive children's program in New York.
After appearing in a handful of commercials, Storms' television series jobs included a recurring role on ABC's Second Noah plus a lead role in Sing Me a Story with Belle. She moved with her family to California. Soon after that, she landed the role of Laura Cummings on The WB's long-running program 7th Heaven. She appeared in three episodes between 1998 and 2001, in which she played a girlfriend of Simon (played by David Gallagher). She was later chosen to play the title character in the Disney Channel's original movie Zenon: Girl of the 21st Century. The movie had the largest rating for any Disney Channel original movie at the time. She later reprised the role in two more sequels. Storms continued to appear in a string of family shows and TV movies, including The Trojan Horse, a Hallmark production. She also took a supporting role in Disney's Johnny Tsunami and voiced Bonnie Rockwaller in the Disney Channel animated series Kim Possible.
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Konstantin Chernenko
Konstantin Ustinovich Chernenko (24 September 1911 – 10 March 1985) was a Soviet politician and the fifth General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. He led the Soviet Union from 13 February 1984 until his death thirteen months later, on 10 March 1985. Chernenko was also Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet from 11 April 1984 until his death.
Chernenko was born to a poor family in the village of Bolshaya Tes (now in Novosyolovsky District, Krasnoyarsk Krai). His father, Ustin Demidovich (of Ukrainian origin),[citation needed] worked in copper and gold mines while his mother took care of the farm work.
Chernenko joined the Komsomol (Communist Youth League) in 1929, and became a full member of the Communist Party in 1931. From 1930 to 1933, he served in the Soviet frontier guards on the Soviet-Chinese border. After completing his military service, he returned to Krasnoyarsk as a propagandist. In 1933 he worked in the Propaganda Department of the Novosyolovsky District Party Committee. A few years later he was promoted head of the same department in Uyarsk Raykom. Chernenko then steadily rose through the Party ranks, becoming the Director of the Krasnoyarsk House of Party Enlightenment then in 1939, the Deputy Head of the AgitProp Department of Krasnoyarsk Territorial Committee and finally, in 1941 he was appointed Secretary of the Territorial Party Committee for Propaganda. It was in the 1940s that Chernenko established a close-knit relationship with Fyodor Kulakov. In 1945, he acquired a diploma from a party training school in Moscow, and in 1953 he finished a correspondence course for schoolteachers.
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Kris Britt
Kris Lynsey Britt (born 13 April 1984 in Canberra, Australia) is an Australian cricketer who debuted for the Australian women's cricket team in 2002 in the second test against England in Sydney. She is a right-handed batsman for the team. She currently plays and captains the ACT Meteors in the Women's National Cricket League, she has also played for South Australia. In 2009 Kris was a member of the winning West Torrens Eagles, a women's A grade team who won the premiership by beating arch rivals and old club Sturt in the final.
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Kristen Hager
Kristen Hager (born January 2, 1984) is a Canadian film and television actress.
Hager was born in Red Lake, Ontario, and made her first television appearance in the mini-series Beach Girls in 2005. A year later, she appeared in the TV series Runaway, which starred Donnie Wahlberg and child actress Niamh Wilson. She also made an appearance in the Golden Globe Award-winning film I'm Not There. Her most known appearance was in the movie Aliens vs. Predator: Requiem, the sequel to Alien vs. Predator. Hager played Cathy in the 2008 film Wanted. During that year, she also appeared in Murder on Her Mind as Aimee Linden and You Might as Well Live as Cookie. She starred as Adele Edmond in the 2009 Canadian TV series Wild Roses. In 2011, she will appear in Textuality, starring Jason Lewis and Eric McCormack.
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Kyle Brodziak
Kyle Brodziak (born May 25, 1984) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre who currently plays for the Minnesota Wild of the National Hockey League. He was selected in the 7th round of the 2003 NHL Entry Draft, 214th overall by the Oilers after being passed over in the 2002 draft.
Brodziak spent his entire junior career with the Moose Jaw Warriors of the WHL. He debuted as a 15 year old in the final two games of the 1999–2000 season, and won a full-time spot with the team the following season. For the next two seasons Brodziak played a minor role, only scoring ten times in 129 games. On the advice of his agent, he opted in to the 2002 NHL Entry Draft, but went unselected.
However, in 2002–03 Brodziak exploded offensively, scoring thirty-two times and more than tripling his previous years points total. He was also named Moose Jaw's hardest working player and unsung hero, and attended the selection camp for Canada's 2003 World Junior team, where he was the final forward cut. Subsequently, Brodziak was drafted by the Oilers and attended their first ever Top Prospects Camp. Brodziak also attended the Oilers main training camp at the beginning of the 2003–04 NHL season, but was returned to Moose Jaw, where he got off to a good start, being named CHL player of the week for October 27 - November 2. His high level of play continued, as he represented the WHL against the Russian Selects and finished the year third in the WHL in scoring. He was also named to the CHL Second All-Star team and the WHL East First All-Star team.
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Kyle Coetzer
Kyle Coetzer (born April 14, 1984) is a Scottish cricketer who has represented his country at all levels, captaining at Under-15, U-17 and U-19 levels including skippering in the 2004 U-19 Cricket World Cup in Bangladesh. His first game for the full Scotland team came in 2003 against Pakistan in a one-day match; he appeared in four National League matches later that season.
Coetzer played six first-class matches for Durham in the 2004 season, scoring 67 on his first class debut. Later that year he scored 133* for Scotland in the ICC Inter-Continental Cup Semi Final against Kenya. His form dropped away in 2005 and 2006, but early season form in 2007 has helped him gain his Durham place back. In the 2009 Twenty20 World Cup in England, he took "the best catch ever" according to former cricketer David Lloyd in a match against South Africa.
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Kyle Schmid
Kyle Schmid (born August 3, 1984 in Mississauga, Ontario) is a Canadian actor. He is perhaps best known for his popular starring role as 470-year-old vampire Henry Fitzroy in Lifetime's TV series Blood Ties, and for his recurring role as Aidan Waite's vampire progeny Henry, in the Syfy series Being Human.
Kyle has appeared in several films like The Covenant, A History of Violence, The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants, The Pacifier, and Zerophilia.
He is also recognizable for playing the love interest of Raven-Symoné's character, Galleria, in Disney Channel's The Cheetah Girls.
Kyle spends some of his free time playing his favorite sport, soccer. Other hobbies include swimming, horseback riding and mountain biking. He played on the Erin Mills soccer team, and attended Port Credit Secondary School in Mississauga, Ontario. He currently resides in Los Angeles, CA.
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Kyriakos Ioannou
Kyriakos Ioannou (Greek: Κυριάκος Ιωάννου; born 26 July 1984) is a Cypriot high jumper.
His personal best jump and Cypriot national record is 2.35 metres, achieved at the 2007 World Championships held in Osaka where he won the bronze medal. He became the first World Championships medalist from Cyprus. In the 2009 World Championships in Berlin, he won the silver medal.
Finished fourth with a (first try) clearance of 2.28 at the season-ending IAAF World Indoor Championships held at Doha, Qatar, on Sunday March 14, 2010: Russian Ivan Ukhov won with a jump of 2.36.
His best jump, outdoors in 2010, came at Lausanne on July 8, when he took third place with a jump of 2.30.
Doha, 6 May: Ioannou began his outdoor season at the first Diamond League meet in Doha, Qatar, on Friday 6 May. He and American Jesse Williams set a new Meet Record of 2.33 (7' 8") when each cleared on their third attempts. After both failed at 2.35, Williams was the winner on the basis of his first jump clearance at 2.31.
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LA Tenorio
Lewis Alfred V. Tenorio (born July 9, 1984 in Nasugbu, Batangas), better known as L.A. Tenorio, is a Filipino professional basketball point guard who currently plays for the Alaska Aces in the Philippine Basketball Association. His combination of speed, strength, athleticism, perimeter shooting, penetrating the lane, precision passing and relentless on-ball defense have made him a name as a complete player and a consistent winner.
Tenorio was born to parents who hail from the Philippine province of Nasugbu, Batangas in the southern part of the main island of Luzon. Growing up in the country, Tenorio was already a sensational street league player with his amazing combination of speed, agility, and guile. His biggest asset however were his outsize hands that were disproportionately bigger for his size of about 170 centimetres and 60 kilograms.
Tenorio eventually found his way to the capital metropolis of Manila, He Finished his grade-school years at Don Bosco Technical Institute, Makati then matriculating to San Beda College to attend secondary school and learn the nuances of organized basketball. His high school coach was the legendary Ato Badolato, an old school type coach whose decades-old program in the San Beda high school has produced a galaxy of stars in Philippine basketball. Tenorio would become one of the most celebrated of his alums.
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Lasse Gjertsen
Lasse Gjertsen (born 19 July 1984) is a Norwegian animator, musician, and videographer known on YouTube as lassegg. He is best known for his short pieces "Hyperactive" and "Amateur", which string together short clips of video to create a unique form of video akin to stop-motion animation. His "Hyperactive" video has over 7 million views and his "Amateur" video has over 13 million views.
Gjertsen was born in Larvik, Norway. He studied animation at Kent Institute of Art & Design in England, and at Volda University College in Norway. His time at Kent Institute ended with his teachers failing to appreciate his work, specifically Hyperactive.
Lasse originally submitted Hyperactive to YouTube after seeing a copy uploaded by another user with poor sound quality. Over the next six months Lasse uploaded 16 more videos, many created during his animation course. As of May 12, 2007 he has the 31st most subscribed channel, and four videos have been featured on the YouTube front page, Hyperactive, What The Fuck?, Amateur, and Sogno ad Occhi Aperti. While Hyperactive has been the most popular,Amateur was featured in an article in the online edition of the Wall Street Journal.
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Laura Vandervoort
Laura Diane Vandervoort (born September 22, 1984) is a Canadian actress known for her roles as Kara Zor-El (Supergirl) in the American television series Smallville, Sadie Harrison in the Canadian television series Instant Star and Lisa in the American television series V.
Born on September 22, 1984 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Vandervoort was involved in several sports such as football, karate, basketball, tennis, gymnastics, and baseball.
After taking several classes and doing background work on Canadian shows such as Road to Avonlea and Harriet the Spy, she got her first speaking role in Canadian children's series Goosebumps (three episodes) and Are You Afraid of the Dark?.
After commercials and guest-starring roles on Mutant X, Prom Queen, Twice in a Lifetime, Doc, Sue Thomas: F.B.Eye, Troubled Waters, The Dresden Files, and a few Disney TV movies (Mom's Got a Date with a Vampire, and Alley Cats Strike), at age 19 Vandervoort landed a lead role as Sadie Harrison on the CTV television series Instant Star, which ran for four seasons.
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Lauren Harris
Lauren Harris (born 6 July 1984) is a British vocalist. She is the daughter of Iron Maiden bassist and founder Steve Harris. She was discovered in a pub by Russ Ballard, who was unaware of who she was.
Lauren and her band toured extensively in 2006 including appearances at the Download Festival at both Donington Park and Dublin, and the German Rock im Park and Rock am Ring festivals. In late 2006/early 2007, she supported Iron Maiden on their European tour and in Dubai and India in March 2007.
She also supported Within Temptation and The Answer on their European tours in early to mid 2007. In the summer of 2007 Lauren and her band continued to tour with Iron Maiden and also played the majority of the major European festivals including Download Festival, Graspop, Heineken Jammin' Festival, as well as others. She and her band supported Iron Maiden on their Somewhere Back In Time World Tour in India, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Europe, South America and North America. She also performed at the Heavy Mtl 2008 in Montreal. They will again perform at this year's Download Festival and at the Super Bock Super Rock Festival in Portugal, as well as the Gods of Metal in Italy and the Graspop Metal Meeting in Belgium.
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Lauren London
Lauren Nicole London (born December 5, 1984) is an American film and television actress, model, and occasional music video actress. Beginning her career in music videos and later transitioning into film and television, London earned recognition for her performances in the film ATL as well as the television shows 90210 and Entourage.
London was born in Los Angeles to an African American mother and Jewish father. After attending Palisades High School, Lauren was home schooled, giving her time to audition for films, music videos and commercials.
London had made appearances in music videos for artists such as Tyrese, Ludacris, Pharrell, and Snoop Dogg. Her breakout year came in 2006, where she made her television debut in the "Everybody Hates Funerals" episode of the sitcom Everybody Hates Chris. That same year, London landed her first film role as well, playing hip hop artist T.I.'s romantic lead in the film ATL. For her work, London was nominated for Best Supporting Actress at the year's Black Movie Awards. In 2007, London landed a role on the HBO comedy series Entourage, playing the character Turtle's (Jerry Ferrara) love interest. Later, based on her performance in ATL, London was given her role in 2007's This Christmas without having to audition. London, along with pop/R&B singers Cassie and Asia Nitollano, became one of the spokesmodels for the Sean John woman's collection in 2007. In 2008, London landed the role of the character Christina in the first season of the show 90210, originally thought to be a possible romantic interest of Tristan Wilds' character Dixon Wilson. London's next film role was the character Ivy in the 2009 release Next Day Air. The same year, she played the character Cammy Alcott in the Chris Columbus film I Love You Beth Cooper. London has appeared on the cover of such magazines as Jewel and King as well.
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LeBron James
LeBron Raymone James (/ləˈbrɒn/; born December 30, 1984) is an American professional basketball player for the Miami Heat of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Nicknamed "King James", he was a three-time "Mr. Basketball" of Ohio in high school, and was highly promoted in the national media as a future NBA superstar while a sophomore at St. Vincent – St. Mary High School. He was selected with the number one pick in the 2003 NBA Draft by the Cleveland Cavaliers. Listed as a small forward, James has set numerous youngest player records since joining the league. He was named the NBA Rookie of the Year in 2003–04, was named the NBA Most Valuable Player in 2009, 2010, and 2012 and has been both an All-NBA selection and an All-Star every season since 2005. In 2010, a much-publicized free agency process ended with James signing with the Miami Heat.
James led the Cleveland Cavaliers to consecutive playoff appearances from 2006 through 2010. In 2007, the Cavaliers advanced to the NBA Finals for the first time in franchise history, but lost to the San Antonio Spurs. In 2011, James and the Miami Heat advanced to the NBA Finals but lost to the Dallas Mavericks. James has been a member of the USA national team, winning a bronze medal at the 2004 Olympics and gold at the 2008 Olympics.
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Lee Barnard
Lee James Barnard (born 18 July 1984) is an English footballer currently playing for Southampton.
Born in Romford, London Borough of Havering in 1984, he attended Billericay's Mayflower County High School.
Barnard has played for Leyton Orient, Northampton Town, Exeter City, and Stevenage Borough (where he scored his first career goal against Shrewsbury Town), all on loan from Tottenham Hotspur.
Thanks to his prodigious goal scoring rate at reserve level, he was expected to make his first team debut in the 2005–06 season. He was due to make his debut in the match against Charlton Athletic on 5 February 2006. Tottenham were leading 3–0 until a Charlton goal in the 69th minute meant Martin Jol did not want to bring on another striker so Barnard had to wait. Following the match he suffered a foot sprain which kept him out of action for 5 weeks, only returning for the reserve match against Leicester City on 18 March.
On 17 April, he finally got to make his Premier League debut in the 2–1 defeat to Manchester United at White Hart Lane, coming on after 77 minutes as a substitute. He also came on the following week against Bolton Wanderers.
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Lee Da Hae
Lee Da-hae (born Byun Da-hye, April 19, 1984), is a South Korean actress who has appeared in a number of Korean television series and dramas such as My Girl and Green Rose.
Lee Da-hae and her family moved to Sydney, Australia, for five years, and she graduated from Burwood Girls High School before debuting as an actress in Korea. She now lives with her mother in Seoul while her father and brother still reside in Sydney, Australia. Besides acting, Lee Da Hae's other passion is traditional Korean dance. She has performed many times in front of small audiences in Australia.
In 2008, following Yoon Eun Hye’s signing event for Zipel refrigerator, Samsung continues to hold another signing event for those who buy Kimchi Hauzen freezer. She was also later cast in the 2008 hit action drama East of Eden along side Yun Jung Hoon and Song Seung Hun. Not much later Lee went to the emergency room. She had collapsed because her busy schedule along with her excessive workouts at the gym resulted in severe fatigue. But Lee Da Hae had shockingly announced her departure from the drama due to health reasons and decided to leave in Episode 40, which was aired January 14. Lee's character, Min Hye Rin, will embark for overseas studies in America, effectively marking the exit of Lee Da Hae in a natural manner and was eventually replaced by Hwang Jung Eum.
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Lee Krasner
Lee Krasner (October 27, 1908 – June 19, 1984) was an influential American abstract expressionist painter in the second half of the 20th century. On October 25, 1945, she married artist Jackson Pollock, who was also influential in the abstract expressionism movement.
Krasner was born as Lena Krassner (outside the family she was known as Lenore Krasner) in Brooklyn, New York to Russian Jewish immigrant parents from Bessarabia.
She studied at The Cooper Union and the National Academy of Design, and worked on the WPA Federal Art Project from 1935 to 1943. Starting in 1937, she took classes with Hans Hofmann, who taught the principles of cubism, and his influence helped to direct Krasner's work toward neo-cubist abstraction. When commenting on her work, Hofmann stated, "This is so good you would not know it was painted by a woman."
In 1940, she started showing her works with the American Abstract Artists, a group of American painters.
Krasner would often cut apart her own drawings and paintings to create collages and, at times, revised or discarded an entire series. As a result, her surviving body of work is relatively small. Her catalogue raisonné, published in 1995 by Abrams, lists only 599 known pieces. She was rigorously self-critical, and her critical eye is believed to have been important to Pollock's work.
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Lee Thompson Young
Lee Thompson Young (born February 1, 1984) is an American actor. He is perhaps best known for his teenage role as the title character on the Disney Channel television series The Famous Jett Jackson. Currently, he portrays Boston police detective Barry Frost on the TNT police drama series Rizzoli & Isles.
Young was born in Columbia, South Carolina, the son of Velma (née Love) and Tommy Scott Young. He was in the second grade when his parents' marriage ended, and he went to live with his mother. At age ten, he portrayed Martin Luther King in a play called A Night of Stars and Dreams by Dwight Woods, and the Phillis Wheatley Report Theater of Greenville, South Carolina. It was then that Lee decided he wanted to become an actor. After doing community theater for a while, he traveled to New York during the spring break of 1996 and secured an agent.
Young moved to New York that June, but it was not until the next year that he auditioned for the part of Jett Jackson in The Famous Jett Jackson. Lee filmed the pilot and found out in June 1998 from The Disney Channel that the show had been picked up. It later went on to become a Disney movie in June 2001. In 1999, Lee starred in Johnny Tsunami, another Disney Channel Original Movie, as Sam Sterling (a major character). The movie was successful, but Lee did not reprise the role in the sequel, Johnny Kapahala: Back on Board.
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Lena Katina
Elena Sergeevna Katina (Russian: Елена Сергеевна Катина pronunciation: Yelyena Syergeyevna Katina), born October 4, 1984, better known as Lena Katina, is a Russian singer and songwriter who is best known for her work with Russian duo t.A.T.u. She started her career at the age of eight, joining the Russian children's act Avenue, then not long after Neposedi. In 1999, Ivan Shapovalov had chosen Katina for his project, t.A.T.u., as well with Yulia Volkova. The duo would later become Russia's most successful musical act. t.A.T.u. produced several smash hits including "All the Things She Said", "Not Gonna Get Us" and "All About Us".
In 2009, Katina announced she would pursue a solo career, which led t.A.T.u. to go into a hiatus. However, in 2011, Katina and Volkova announced they would split to pursue solo careers. That year, Katina released her first mainstream single "Never Forget", which in 2011 reached #1 on MTV Russia TOP 10 and also won the MTV Russia - 2011 Video Of The Year. Also, as announced on 19 April 2012, the track achieved #1 on the US Billboard Hot Dance Club Play, making it Katina's debut #1 single, alongside Grammy nominated DJ/Producer, Dave Audé, overtaking the likes of Madonna, DEV, Nicki Minaj, Katy Perry, Beyoncé, Jessie J, Chris Brown and David Guetta. On 25 April, the track claimed #1 in Greece.
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Leo Robin
Leo Robin (April 6, 1900 – December 29, 1984) was an American composer, lyricist and songwriter. He is probably best known for collaborating with Ralph Rainger on the 1938 Oscar-winning song "Thanks for the Memory," sung by Bob Hope in the film The Big Broadcast of 1938.
Robin was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and studied at the University of Pittsburgh School of Law and Carnegie Tech's drama school. He later worked as a reporter and as a publicist.
Robin's first hits came in 1926 with the Broadway production By the Way, with hits in several other musicals immediately following, such as Bubbling Over (1926), Hit the Deck, Judy (1927), and Hello Yourself (1928). In 1932, Robin went out to Hollywood to work for Paramount Pictures. His principal collaborator was composer Ralph Rainger, together they became one of the leading film songwriting duos of the 1930s and early 1940s, writing over 50 hits. Robin & Rainger worked together until Rainger's untimely death in a plane crash on 23 October 1942. Robin continued to collaborate with many other composers over the years, including Vincent Youmans, Sam Coslow, Richard A. Whiting, and Nacio Herb Brown. Leo Robin collaborated with Rainger on the 1938 Oscar-winning song "Thanks for the Memory," sung by Bob Hope in the film The Big Broadcast of 1938, which was to become Hope's signature tune.
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Leonard Rose
Leonard Rose (July 27, 1918 – November 16, 1984) was an American cellist and pedagogue.
Rose was born in Washington, D.C.; his parents were immigrants from Kiev, Ukraine. Rose took lessons from Walter Grossman, Frank Miller and Felix Salmond and after completing his studies at Philadelphia's Curtis Institute of Music at age 20, he joined Arturo Toscanini's NBC Symphony Orchestra, and almost immediately became associate principal. At 21 he was principal cellist of the Cleveland Orchestra and at 26 was the principal of the New York Philharmonic.
He made many recordings as a soloist after 1951, including concertos with conductors such as Leonard Bernstein, Eugene Ormandy, George Szell and Bruno Walter among others. Rose also joined with Isaac Stern and Eugene Istomin in a celebrated piano trio.
Rose's legacy as a teacher remains to this day: his students from the Juilliard School, Curtis Institute and Ivan Galamian's Meadowmount Summer School fill the sections of many American orchestras, notably those of the Boston Symphony Orchestra, Cleveland Orchestra, Philadelphia Orchestra, and the New York Philharmonic. His pupils include Lori Singer, Raymond Davis, Desmond Hoebig, Peter Stumpf, Fred Sherry, Christopher von Baeyer, Myung-wha Chung, Thomas Demenga, Stephen Kates, Lynn Harrell, Yehuda Hanani, Hans Jørgen Jensen, Eric Kim, Bruce Uchimura, Donald Whitton, Yo-Yo Ma, Ronald Leonard, Steven Pologe, Sara Sant'Ambrogio, Matt Haimovitz, Richard Hirschl, and John Sant’Ambrogio. He played an Amati cello dated 1662, played today by Gary Hoffman. Rose died in White Plains, New York, of leukemia.
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Leonard Rossiter
Leonard Rossiter (21 October 1926 – 5 October 1984) was an English actor, best known for his roles as Rupert Rigsby, in the British comedy television series Rising Damp (1974–78), and Reginald Iolanthe Perrin, in The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin (1976–79). These roles followed a long and distinguished career in the theatre.
Rossiter was born in Liverpool, the son of Elizabeth (née Howell) and John Rossiter. He lived over the barber shop which had been owned by his father. He was educated at Liverpool Collegiate Grammar School (1939–46) and it was his ambition to go to university to read modern languages and become a teacher. His father, a voluntary ambulanceman during the Second World War, was killed in an air-raid in 1942. Having thus to support his mother, Rossiter was unable to take up the place he had been offered by Liverpool University. After being demobbed (he had served as a sergeant in the Army Education Corps and spent much of his national service in Germany writing letters home for soldiers), he went to work as an insurance clerk in the claims and accidents department of the Commercial Union Insurance Company for six years.[citation needed]
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Lillian Hellman
Lillian Florence "Lilly" Hellman (June 20, 1905 – June 30, 1984) was an American author of plays, screenplays, and memoirs and throughout her life, was linked with many left-wing political causes.
Lillian Hellman was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, into a Jewish family. Her mother was Julia Newhouse of Demopolis, Alabama and her father was Max Hellman, a New Orleans shoe salesman. Julia Newhouse's parents were Sophie Marx, of a successful banking family, and Leonard Newhouse, a Demopolis liquor dealer. During most of her childhood she spent half of each year in New Orleans, in a boarding home run by her aunts, and the other half in New York City. She studied for two years at New York University and then took several courses at Columbia University.
On December 31, 1925, Hellman married Arthur Kober, a playwright and press agent, although they often lived apart. In 1929, she traveled around Europe for a time and settled in Bonn to continue her education. She felt an initial attraction to a Nazi student group that advocated "a kind of socialism" until their questioning about her Jewish ties made their anti-Semitism clear, and she returned immediately to the United States. Years later she wrote, "Then for the first time in my life I thought about being a Jew."
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Lina Krasnoroutskaya
Lina Vladimirovna Krasnoroutskaya (Russian: Лина Красноруцкая; krahs-nah-ROOTS-kah-yuh; born April 29, 1984 in Obninsk, Russia, Soviet Union) is a former Junior World Number 1 (1999) tennis player. In addition to gaining the coveted top spot, Lina won the US Open Junior title. She has however had a career blighted by injury.
After a successful year in 2001, when she reached the quarter finals at Roland Garros (seventh youngest player ever to do so) and the Wimbledon last 16, as the world number 34 she was badly injured at the 2002 Australian Open when she obtained an invite from Hong Kong Tennis Patrons' Association to play The Hong Kong Ladies Challenge 2002 after. She was not effectively back until February 2003 when she climbed back up the rankings (reached 25) after wins over Monica Seles, Elena Bovina, Nadia Petrova and then world number 1 Kim Clijsters.
However a shoulder injury at the end of 2003, then a liver condition in 2004, followed by stomach problems at the start of 2005 meant that she had considered (March 2005) whether to continue on the pro tour. In June 2005 she announced she would be returning, but that the return would be delayed until after the birth of her first baby in November 2005.
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Linda Chung
Linda Chung Ka-yan (Chinese: 鍾嘉欣) (born 9 April 1984) is a Chinese-Canadian actress and singer active in Hong Kong and currently signed with TVB. She entered the entertainment industry in 2004 when she won the 2004 Miss Chinese International Pageant after winning the 2003 Miss Chinese Vancouver Pageant. She is now an actress under TVB and a singer under the Star Shine International label. She has starred in several TV series, most notably Virtues of Harmony II (2004–05), Heart of Greed (2007), A Journey Called Life (2008), The Gem of Life (2008–09), Yes, Sir. Sorry, Sir! (2011). She is a well-known actress in Hong Kong and worldwide.
Chung was born in Maple Ridge, British Columbia and raised in Vancouver. She has an elder brother and an older sister. Chung is a Canadian national. She has obtained a Hong Kong identification card after staying in Hong Kong for seven years.
After graduation from Vancouver's Templeton Secondary School, Chung obtained high marks and entered the University of British Columbia for two years in education.
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Lindsay Felton
Lindsay Marie Felton (born December 4, 1984), is an American actress.
Felton was born in Seattle, Washington. She had a variety of roles since beginning acting in advertisements on local television at 3, and her first major network television appearance came in 1994 on the short-lived ABC sitcom Thunder Alley, as the granddaughter of Edward Asner's character. She made her feature film debut in 1998 in 3 Ninjas: High Noon at Mega Mountain. In 2000, Felton got her first starring role, as Caitlin Seeger on the Nickelodeon show Caitlin's Way, which ran for 53 episodes. Felton then moved on to several leading roles in independent movies released on TV or video, including the breast fetish-themed short film Size 'Em Up, PAX-TV's movie Anna's Dream, and the direct-to-video release The Metro Chase. In 2003 she appeared in the feature film Grind as Dawn Jenson.[citation needed] And in 2006 she appeared in ER episode 273, "Heart of the Matter", as Donna Palsey. She appeared in the independent film Two Star State of Mind in 2008. Recently Felton appeared on the VH1 reality show Scream Queens. The show premiered on October 20, 2008, and Felton was eliminated in the final episode, finishing in 3rd place.
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Lindsey Haun
Lindsey Haun (born November 21, 1984) is an American actress and singer. She was nominated for a Young Artist Award for her role in the 2000 Disney Channel original movie The Color of Friendship as Mahree Bok, and has starred in the film Broken Bridges, for which she also recorded a portion of the soundtrack.
Lindsey Haun was born on November 21, 1984. She is the daughter of Jimmy Haun, a recording artist and left handed guitarist, and the granddaughter of singer Rouvaun (Jim Haun). Her mother was a choreographer.
Haun started acting when she was three, in a commercial for Little Caesars. Her first television appearance was on an episode of Anything But Love, and her first notable film role was as Mara, the ruthless leader of the sinister children in 1995's Village of the Damned.
Haun also starred in the Emmy winning Disney Channel original movie, The Color of Friendship in 2000, which was based on a true story; from there she continued her relationship with Disney as one of the Movie Surfers. She later appeared in ABC Family's Brave New Girl, a television film based on the book co-written by Britney Spears.
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Lindsey Vonn
Lindsey Caroline Vonn (née Kildow; born October 18, 1984) is an American alpine ski racer with the U.S. Ski Team. She has won four overall World Cup championships – one of only two female skiers to do so, along with Annemarie Moser-Pröll – with three consecutive titles in 2008, 2009 and 2010, plus another in 2012. Vonn won the gold medal in downhill at the 2010 Winter Olympics, the first ever in the event for an American woman. She has also won five consecutive World Cup season titles in the downhill discipline, four consecutive titles in Super G, and three consecutive titles in the combined as of 2012.
Vonn is one of five women to have won World Cup races in all five disciplines of alpine skiing – downhill, super G, giant slalom, slalom, and super combined – and has won 53 World Cup races in her career as of March 14, 2012. Only two women have more World Cup victories in their careers, Austrian Annemarie Moser-Pröll with 62 and Swiss Vreni Schneider with 55, both retired from active racing. With her Olympic gold and bronze medals, two World Championship gold medals in 2009 (plus three silver medals in 2007 / 2011), and four overall World Cup titles, Vonn has become the most successful American skier in the history of alpine skiing.
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Lisa Origliasso
Lisa Marie Origliasso ( /ʊərˌɪɡliˈɑːsoʊ/ oor-IG-lee-AH-soh; born 25 December 1984) is an Australian singer-songwriter, actress and fashion designer. Born and raised in Albany Creek, Queensland she, along side twin sister Jessica Origliasso, performed in show business at a young age. Origliasso rose to fame in 2000's when she and her sister formed a pop duo The Veronicas.
Prior to The Veronicas, Origliasso had a small career in acting. In 2001, she had a recurring role in the children's television series Cybergirl as Sapphire Buxton. In 2007, she co-designed a fashion line with her sister, called The Veronicas, aimed at girls aged 7-14, for Target. Origliasso has been endorsed by Nu:U, Calvin Klein, Keds and Estée Lauder Staff.
In late 2010, Lisa started a group called the Dead Cool Dropouts with her friend Tyler Bryant, mostly done using GarageBand on Mac. They have released an EP of songs, these songs are called: "Write You Off", "Green Eyes Make Me Blue", and "Criminal Heart". They are, allegedly, dating.
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Little Boots
Victoria Christina Hesketh (born 4 May 1984), better known by her stage name Little Boots, is an English electropop singer-songwriter. Her stage name comes from a nickname given to her by a friend, a reference to her unusually small feet. As a musician, Boots sings and plays the piano, keyboards, synthesizer, Stylophone and a Japanese electronic instrument called Tenori-on. After a return to college to focus on her studies, Hesketh along with two of her fellow students formed the electropunk band Dead Disco. The band had limited releases of their four singles but due to increasingly different ideas about the band's musical direction Hesketh left to pursue a solo career. Hesketh has cited as influences The Human League, Gary Numan, Kraftwerk, Pink Floyd, Kylie Minogue, Britney Spears and Jean Michel Jarre.
Hesketh began writing her own songs and posting covers on social networking sites such as YouTube and Myspace. After appearing on several shows including Later... with Jools Holland and Last Call with Carson Daly, Hesketh entered production on her debut album Hands. With increasing media attention regarding her then-yet-to-be-released debut album, Hesketh topped the BBC Sound of 2009 poll and received a Critics' Choice nomination at the 2009 BRIT Awards. With the release of her debut, she was linked to a recent wave of breakthrough female artists in their twenties playing 1980s-influenced music, including Lady Gaga, Ladyhawke, Florence and the Machine and Elly Jackson of La Roux.
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Logan Bartholomew
John Logan Bartholomew (born February 9, 1984) is an American actor born in Galion, Ohio, best known for his role of Willie LaHaye in 3 of the 8 films in the Love Comes Softly series. He later appeared in series like CSI: Miami (2005) and Close to Home (2007). He also had a small cameo in the popular series Ghost Whisperer. He dreamed of being a baseball player, but when his arm snapped in high school he took acting lessons.
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Luke Kelly
Luke Kelly (Irish: Lúc Ó Ceallaigh; 17 November 1940 - 30 January 1984) was an Irish singer and folk musician from Dublin, Ireland, notable as a founding member of the band The Dubliners.
Luke Kelly was born into a working class family in Lattimore Cottages, 1 Sheriff Street, a quarter of a mile from Dublin's main thoroughfare, O'Connell Street. His grandmother, who was a McDonald from Scotland, lived with the family until her death in 1953. His father worked all his life in Jacob's biscuit factory and enjoyed playing football. Both Luke and his brother Paddy played club Gaelic football and soccer as children.
He attended the Laurence O'Toole School as a child, and achieved very good grades in most subjects. In 1953 the Dublin Corporation moved the family to Larkhill near Whitehall when their flat was destroyed in a fire, but he continued to attend O'Toole's by taking a bus there every day. Luke left school at thirteen and after four years of odd-jobbing, he went to England in 1958. Working at steel fixing with his brother Paddy on a building site in Wolverhampton, he was sacked after asking for more money. He worked odd jobs from oil barrel cleaning to vacuum salesman.
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Luke Treadaway
Luke Antony N. Treadaway (born 10 September 1984) is an English actor, whose career includes roles in the films Brothers of the Head and Attack the Block.
Treadaway was brought up in Sandford, near Crediton, Devon, with his father, an architect, his mother, a primary school teacher, and two brothers - his slightly younger twin Harry and their older brother Sam, an artist. He attended Queen Elizabeth's Community College in Crediton. As a young teenager he played the guitar in a band called Lizardsun which he formed with Harry, as well as Matt Conyngham and Seth Campbell.
As a child, he was a member of the National Youth Theatre, for whom he played Prince Ivan in The Firebird. He was also in the ensemble for a production of Murder in the Cathedral.
While still at drama school, he and his twin brother recorded roles in their first feature film: Brothers of the Head, in which they played conjoined twins. Luke played Barry Howe, the band's singer, and his brother Harry played Tom Howe, the guitarist and song-writer. During rehearsals and throughout the shoot, Luke and Harry were connected to each other for fifteen hours a day, wearing sewn-together wetsuits or a harness. They also slept in one bed to simulate the conjoined nature of their characters. The Treadaways performed all tracks featured in the film themselves live on stage, as well as recording nine tracks for the sound-track album.
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Luo Xuejuan
Luo Xuejuan (simplified Chinese: 罗雪娟; traditional Chinese: 羅雪娟; pinyin: Luó Xuějuān; born January 26, 1984 in Hangzhou, Zhejiang) is a female Chinese swimmer, who competed mostly in the breaststroke. She is a former World Record holder in swimming, and in some meet results she is listed as "LUO Xue Juan".
She began swimming in 1991 because her parents thought she was so thin that the exercise would make her stronger.
Luo first caught attention when she won the 100 breast at China's 2000 Olympics Trials in Jinan in a solid time of 1:08.87 and finished second in the 200 breast in 2:27.29. Strangely, she was only selected to swim the 200 breast, her weaker event, at the 2000 Summer Olympics a few months later. She posted a PB of 2:25.86 in the semi-finals, only to falter in the final and finish 8th in 2:27.33.
Going into 2001, Luo progressed rapidly. At the Chinese Nationals in April, she set a national record of 1:07.85 in the 100 breast and placed 2nd in the 200 breast (2:26.37) which was won by Qi Hui in a world record (2:22.99). Shortly afterwards, Luo lowered by 100 breast national record to 1:07.42 at the 2001 East Asian Games in Osaka.
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Luther Adler
Luther Adler (May 4, 1903 – December 8, 1984) was an American actor best known for his work in theatre, but who also worked in film and television. He also directed plays on Broadway.
Born Lutha Adler in New York City, Adler was one of six children born to Russian Jewish actors Sara and Jacob P. Adler. His siblings also worked in theatre; his sister Stella Adler achieved fame as an actress and drama teacher. His brother Jay also achieved some fame as an actor.
Adler made his first acting appearance on Broadway in 1921 and appeared in several productions before joining The Group Theatre in 1931. He played opposite Katharine Cornell in Alien Corn (1933), his sister Stella in Gold Eagle Guy (1934), Awake and Sing! and Paradise Lost (both 1935), and Frances Farmer in Golden Boy (1937). He also appeared in the anti-war musical Johnny Johnson (1936). By the early 1940s he was also directing but his first production They Should Have Stood in Bed closed after only eleven performances in 1942. His next directorial venture, A Flag is Born, ran for 120 performances in 1946 and featured newcomer Marlon Brando in one of the major roles. In 1965, when Zero Mostel left the Broadway cast of Fiddler on the Roof during a contract dispute, Adler took over the role of Tevye.
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Mandy Moore
Amanda Leigh "Mandy" Moore (born April 10, 1984) is an American singer-songwriter, actress and fashion designer. Moore became famous as a teenager in the late 1990s, after the release of her teen pop albums So Real, I Wanna Be with You, and Mandy Moore. In 2007, she took an adult pop-folk direction with the release of Wild Hope. Her most recent album, Amanda Leigh, was released on May 26, 2009. Moore has sold more than 10 million records worldwide. Moore subsequently branched out into film, starring in 2002's A Walk to Remember and later in other movies, such as Chasing Liberty, Saved! and License to Wed. Most recently Moore provided the voice of Rapunzel in Tangled. In April 2011, she ranked 5th in People's annual Most Beautiful issue.
Moore was born in Nashua, New Hampshire. Her mother, Stacy (née Friedman), is a former news reporter who once worked for the Orlando Sentinel, and her father, Donald "Don" Moore, is a pilot for American Airlines. Moore's father is of Irish and Cherokee descent, and her mother is of half-English and half-Jewish ancestry. Moore, who has an older brother Scott and a younger brother Kyle, grew up in Longwood, Florida, outside of Orlando, where the family moved shortly after her birth because of her father's job as an airline pilot. She was raised Catholic (though she is no longer practicing), and attended Bishop Moore High School, in Orlando, as well as Lake Brantley High School in Altamonte Springs.
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Manny Lawson
Manny Lawson (born on July 3, 1984 in Omaha, Nebraska) is an American football linebacker for the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League. He was drafted in the first round (22nd overall) of the 2006 NFL Draft by the San Francisco 49ers. He played college football at North Carolina State.
His father, Donald P. Lawson, was in the Air Force and stationed at Offutt Air Force Base near Omaha, Nebraska when Manny was born. Lawson excelled in football as well as basketball in his middle school years. He also attended Spring Creek Elementary School in Seven Springs, North Carolina.
Lawson attended Eastern Wayne High School in Goldsboro, North Carolina. Super Prep rated Lawson as one of the Top 25 players (#21) in the state of North Carolina during his senior year. He recorded 54 tackles and 12 sacks on defense and also rushed for 456 yards on offense during his final season, picking up Conference Defensive Player of the Year honors. He competed in track in four events: long jump, triple jump, 55-meter dash, and the 55-meter hurdles.
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Marc Garneau
Joseph Jean-Pierre Marc Garneau, C.C., CD, Ph.D., F.C.A.S.I., MP (born February 23, 1949) is a Canadian politician, retired military officer, former astronaut and engineer. He is currently the Member of Parliament for the riding of Westmount—Ville-Marie and the Liberal Party House Leader.
Garneau was the first Canadian in outer space taking part in three flights aboard NASA Space shuttles. He was the president of the Canadian Space Agency from 2001 to 2006, and in 2003 was installed as the ninth Chancellor of Carleton University in Ottawa.
In the 2006 federal election, he unsuccessfully sought a seat in the Canadian House of Commons in the riding of Vaudreuil-Soulanges. Two years later he was elected in the riding of Westmount—Ville-Marie in downtown Montreal, winning by over 9000 votes. He was re-elected to House of Commons in the 2011 federal election by 642 votes.
Joseph Jean-Pierre Marc Garneau was born on February 23, 1949, in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. He attended primary and secondary schools in Quebec City and Saint-Jean. He received a Bachelor of Science degree in Engineering physics from the Royal Military College of Canada in 1970, and in 1973 received a Doctorate in Electrical Engineering from the Imperial College of Science and Technology in London, England. From 1982 to 1983, he attended the Canadian Forces Command and Staff College of Toronto. He was an astronaut and was the first to ever completely circle the earth before landing on the moon. This was considered one of the longest most successful voyages until 1987.
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Marco Airosa
Marco Ibraim de Sousa Airosa (born 6 August 1984 in Luanda) is an Angolan footballer who plays for AEL Limassol in Cyprus on loan from C.D. Nacional, as a right defender.
During his Portuguese career, Airosa represented Grupo Desportivo dos Pescadores da Costa de Caparica, F.C. Alverca, F.C. Barreirense, S.C. Olhanense (loaned by União de Leiria, for which side he never appeared), C.D. Fátima and C.D. Nacional (where he made his first division debuts).
In summer 2011, aged 27, Airosa was given on loan from C.D. Nacional to AEL Limassol in Cyprus. As a member of the Angola national football team, Airosa was called-up to the 2006 FIFA World Cup and the 2008 Africa Cup of Nations.
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Margaret Thatcher
Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, LG, OM, PC, FRS, née Roberts (born 13 October 1925) is a British politician and the longest-serving (1979–1990) British prime minister of the 20th century, and the only woman ever to have held the post. A Soviet journalist nicknamed her the "Iron Lady", which later became associated with her uncompromising politics and leadership style. As prime minister, she implemented conservative policies that have come to be known as Thatcherism.
Originally a research chemist before becoming a barrister, Thatcher was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Finchley in 1959. Edward Heath appointed her Secretary of State for Education and Science in his 1970 government. In 1975 Thatcher defeated Heath in the Conservative Party leadership election and became Leader of the Opposition, as well as the first woman to lead a major political party in the United Kingdom. She became prime minister after winning the 1979 general election.
After entering 10 Downing Street, Thatcher introduced a series of political and economic initiatives to reverse what she perceived as Britain's precipitous national decline. Her political philosophy and economic policies emphasised deregulation (particularly of the financial sector), flexible labour markets, the privatisation of state-owned companies, and reducing the power and influence of trade unions. Thatcher's popularity during her first years in office waned amid recession and high unemployment, until economic recovery and the 1982 Falklands War brought a resurgence of support, resulting in her re-election in 1983. Thatcher was re-elected for a third term in 1987, but her Community Charge (popularly referred to as "poll tax") was widely unpopular and her views on the European Community were not shared by others in her Cabinet. She resigned as Prime Minister and party leader in November 1990, after Michael Heseltine launched a challenge to her leadership.
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Marian Rivera
Marian Rivera (born Marian Gracia Rivera on August 12, 1984 in Madrid, Spain) is a Filipina commercial model and actress, known for her roles in Marimar, Dyesebel, Darna, and Amaya. As a recording artist, Rivera has released two studio albums: the platinum hits Marian Rivera Dance Hits and Retro Crazy. She has also starred in movies that have grossed more than PhP 100 million at the box-office such as: My Bestfriend's Girlfriend,You to Me Are Everything, and Panday 2.
Marian Rivera was born in Madrid, Spain to Francisco Javier Gracia Alonso, a Spaniard and Amalia Rivera, a Filipina from Cavite. After her parents separated, her mother brought her to the Philippines where she grew up most of her life. She later finished BS Psychology in De La Salle University Dasmariñas.
Rivera first starred in afternoon soap operas for TAPE Inc. and GMA Network including Kung Mamahalin Mo Lang Ako, Agawin Mo Man Ang Lahat and Pinakamamahal. She was then featured in Enteng Kabisote 2: Okay Ka Fairy Ko: The Legend Continues. Later, GMA Network cast her in a mother role for the afternoon Philippine-Malaysian drama Muli.
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Mariel Rodriguez
Mariel Rodriguez-Padilla (born Maria Erlinda Lucille Suazon Termulo in 1984) is a Filipino commercial model, endorser, TV host, former MTV VJ and actress. She first started as an MTV VJ. Currently, she co-hosts the noontime variety show Happy Yipee Yehey!. During its run, she has also been a host for the reality franchise Pinoy Big Brother and the now defunct noontime show Wowowee.
Starting her career as a model for Clean&Clear facials and became a VJ on MTV Pilipinas, she was brought in by GMA-7. Later she moved to station ABS-CBN Network to host the noon-time program Wowowee and Pinoy Big Brother. On September 2011, she resigned on ABS-CBN and moved to TV5.
Other than hosting jobs on TV, Rodriguez-Padilla acted in the Bud Brothers Series played as Betsey (Betchay), Varga series and several films.
Born as Maria Erlina Lucille Sazon Termulo, she was known by the nickname 'Mariel' as a child.
Rodriguez studied at De La Salle Zobel in grade school and high school. She graduated at De La Salle University with a Bachelor of Arts in Organizational Communication
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Marion Bartoli
Marion Bartoli (born 2 October 1984) is a French professional tennis player and the current French no. 1. She has won seven Women's Tennis Association singles titles and three doubles titles. She was also a runner-up at the 2007 Wimbledon Championships.
Bartoli has defeated three reigning world no. 1 players in her career so far. She defeated Justine Henin in the semifinal of the 2007 Wimbledon Championships, 1–6, 7–5, 6–1, Jelena Janković in the fourth round of the 2009 Australian Open, 6–1, 6–4 and Victoria Azarenka 6–3, 6–3 in the quarterfinals of the 2012 Sony Ericsson Open. She has also recorded wins over other top players such as Venus Williams, Serena Williams, Ana Ivanović, Lindsay Davenport, Arantxa Sánchez Vicario, Dinara Safina, Caroline Wozniacki, Petra Kvitova, Sam Stosur and Kim Clijsters.
She is known for her unorthodox style of play using two hands on both her forehand and backhand. On January 30th 2012 she rose to a new career high ranking of No.7 in the world.
Bartoli was born in Le Puy-en-Velay, Haute-Loire. She is of Corsican, Catalan, and metropolitan French descent. She started playing tennis at the age of six. Bartoli trained in a small facility as a youngster, where there was not much room behind the baseline. Her father, Walter, gave up his career as a doctor to become her full-time coach when Bartoli won the 2001 Junior US Open title, defeating Svetlana Kuznetsova, 4–6, 6–3, 6–4.
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Marion Raven
Marion Elise Ravn (anglicised as Raven, born 25 May 1984 in Lørenskog, Norway) is a Norwegian singer-songwriter, and former child actress. She was one-half of the now defunct pop duo M2M, along with Marit Larsen. Raven was later marketed as a pop rock artist with the release of her solo debut album, Here I Am. In 2006, Raven was signed to the indie record label, Eleven Seven, and released the Heads Will Roll EP, as well as her European/U.S debut and second album overall, Set Me Free, in 2007. In August 2011, Raven announced she had began writing new material for her next album.
Marion Raven was born Marion Elise Ravn on 25 May 1984 in Lørenskog, Norway, to her father, H. Ravn, and mother, R. Medhus. She has an older brother and two younger sisters. Her surname is of Norse origin, with Ravn meaning Raven, which she adopted as her stage name Marion Raven as well as her trademark raven logo. Raven enjoyed singing from a young age, sometimes writing lyrics for the songs she sang. Raven joined the gospel choir in a local church at the age of 5. At age 7, she went on to be part of the St. Laurentsius choir, which has many historical links in Lørenskog. By the time she was 8, Raven began playing the piano and attended ballet lessons, as well as performing ballet on stage. In 1993, she acted in the musical "Sound Of Music", produced by Norwegian Broadway. She recorded a children's musical titled, "Vettene Vinner" (Vettene Wins), with the musical group, "Vettene", meaning "small trolls that protect nature", and was part of the group's record "Vettene på gamlespor" (Vettene On Old Tracks). At age 10, Raven acted in stage productions of Bugsy Malone and The Wizard of Oz, and by the time Raven turned 11, both plays were on Norwegian Broadway. At a later date Raven had a part as one of the children in Shakespear's, Othello.
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Mark Zuckerberg
Mark Elliot Zuckerberg (born May 14, 1984) is an American computer programmer and Internet entrepreneur. He is best known as one of four co-founders of the social networking site Facebook, of which he is chairman and chief executive.
Zuckerberg was born and raised in a Jewish household in New York state. While still in middle school in his early teens, he took up writing software programs as a hobby, beginning with BASIC, with help from his father. His father then hired a tutor to help his son develop his programming skills further. Zuckerberg's enjoyment in writing programs led him to developing computer games, writing a music player, and setting up a primitive home network he called "ZuckNet." His private tutor calls him a "prodigy." In high school he excelled in classic literature and science, while becoming proficient in four other languages. He was also captain of the school's fencing team.
He later enrolled in Harvard, majoring in computer science and sociology. In his sophomore year he wrote a program called Facemash as a "fun" project, letting students on the college's network vote on other students' photo attractiveness. It was shut down within days, but would become a template for his writing Facebook, a program he launched from his dormitory room. With the help of friends, including roommate Dustin Moskovitz, Facebook went national on other campuses, and they moved to Palo Alto, California. By 2010, the site had an estimated 500 million users worldwide. Zuckerberg and Facebook have since been involved in various legal disputes initiated by others who have claimed a share of the company's profits due to their help in setting it up. Zuckerberg is the largest individual shareholder with 28.4 percent of the common stock and controls 56.9 percent of the voting power. As of 2012[update], his personal wealth was estimated at more than $19.1 billion, making him one of the world's youngest billionaires. Zuckerberg is one of the 30 richest people on Earth.
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Marouane Chamakh
Marouane Chamakh (Arabic: مروان الشماخ; born 10 January 1984) is a Moroccan footballer who plays for English club Arsenal in the Premier League and the Moroccan national team as a striker. He is described as a prototypical target man and is noted for his "tall stature" and "excellent heading ability".
Chamakh started his career training throughout various clubs in the Aquitaine region. In 2000, he signed with Bordeaux. Chamakh made his professional debut for the club in the 2002–03 season. He spent nine years at the club and helped Bordeaux win the Coupe de la Ligue in 2007. In the 2008–09 season, Chamakh won his first league title as Bordeaux were crowned champions for the first time since the 1998–99 season. The club also won the Coupe de la Ligue completing the league and league cup double. In May 2010, Chamakh joined Arsenal of the Premier League on a free transfer after agreeing to a four-year contract with the club. In October 2010, Chamakh became the first player in UEFA Champions League history to score in six consecutive matches.
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Marshall Allman
Marshall Scot Allman (born April 5, 1984) is an American actor. He is known to television audiences for his role as L. J. Burrows on Fox's successful television series, Prison Break. He is also known for playing Tommy Mickens on True Blood.
Allman was born in Austin, Texas, brother of David Allman, and the son of Idanell (née Brown; born January 14, 1950; Austin, Texas) and James Martin Allman, Jr. (born April 27, 1950; Travis County, Texas). As he grew up he was talented in soccer and art. Allman played club and school soccer and is deeply interested in contemporary music. After graduating from Austin High School in 2002, he chose to pursue an acting career in Los Angeles over studying art in New York City.
Allman married American actress Jamie Anne Allman, née Brown of Parsons, Kansas (best known for her role as Connie in The Shield), on June 17, 2006, in Austin, Texas.
Allman has also made guest appearances on shows such as Without a Trace, Boston Public, Malcolm in the Middle, The Practice, Phil of the Future, Close to Home, Cold Case, Saving Grace, Grey's Anatomy, Mad Men and most recently The Closer. In November 2009, Allman won the role of Tommy Mickens in the third season of True Blood.
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Martin Compston
Martin Compston (born 8 May 1984) is a Scottish actor and former professional footballer. He is perhaps most notable for his role as Liam in Sweet Sixteen, and for his role as Ewan Brodie in Monarch of the Glen.
Compston was born and brought up in Greenock, Inverclyde, and attended St. Columba's High School in neighbouring Gourock. A youth footballer, after leaving school he signed for local professional team Greenock Morton.
Compston made two appearances for Morton at the end of the 2001–2002 season, in which the 'Ton were relegated from the Scottish Football League First Division. In both matches he appeared as a substitute, and both times Morton lost 4–0, to Alloa Athletic and Queen of the South.
Having never acted before, he successfully auditioned for the lead role in Ken Loach's Sweet Sixteen, which was being filmed locally. The film's success at the Cannes Film Festival gave him instant celebrity status in Scotland. His subsequent film career was comparatively low key as he wanted to "serve his apprenticeship" with a regular role in the BBC TV drama serial Monarch of the Glen. He has starred in three recent films:
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Martin Kaymer
Martin Kaymer (born 28 December 1984) is a German professional golfer. He became the No. 1 ranked golfer in the Official World Golf Rankings on 27 February 2011 after his runner-up finish in the WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship, but lost the top spot to Lee Westwood eight weeks later.
Kaymer was born in Düsseldorf, Germany. He turned professional in 2005 and is a member of the European Tour. He has won ten tournaments on the tour including four in 2010 to win the Race to Dubai, formerly the Order of Merit, for the first time. Among those wins was the 2010 PGA Championship, a victory which made him only the second German to win a major championship, after Bernhard Langer. He also won the 2011 WGC-HSBC Champions, which made him only the tenth player to have won both a major championship and a World Golf Championship event.
Kaymer picked up his first professional win at the age of 20 as an amateur at the Central German Classic in 2005 on the third-tier EPD Tour. He shot a −19 (67–64–66=197) to win the tournament by a margin of five strokes.
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Martin Ryle
Sir Martin Ryle FRS (27 September 1918 – 14 October 1984) was an English radio astronomer who developed revolutionary radio telescope systems (see e.g. aperture synthesis) and used them for accurate location and imaging of weak radio sources. In 1946 Ryle and Vonberg were the first people to publish interferometric astronomical measurements at radio wavelengths, although it is claimed that Joseph Pawsey from the University of Sydney had actually made interferometric measurements earlier in the same year. With improved equipment, Ryle observed the most distant known galaxies in the universe at that time. He was the first Professor of Radio Astronomy at the University of Cambridge, and founding director of the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory. He was Astronomer Royal from 1972 to 1982.
Ryle and Antony Hewish shared the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1974, the first Nobel prize awarded in recognition of astronomical research.
He was born in Brighton, the son of Professor John Alfred Ryle and Miriam (née Scully) Ryle. He is also the nephew of the famous Oxford University Professor of Philosophy Gilbert Ryle (Gilbert Ryle and John Alfred Ryle were brothers).
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Martin Škrtel
Martin Škrtel (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈʃkr̩tɛl]; born 15 December 1984) is a Slovak footballer who plays as a centre back for Liverpool and the Slovakia national football team. He is known affectionately to Liverpool fans as "The Terminator".
Škrtel was born in Handlová and raised in Ráztočno and began playing football at the age of six. Although a competent ice hockey player, he followed his father's career. He is the youngest of three children, with an older brother Dušan and sister Marcela.
Škrtel played as left wing or striker until the age of 16 when he was asked to fill in as a centre-back for the Slovak youth team. He agreed even though he had never played that position before.
Škrtel started his professional career at FK AS Trenčín. He played in 45 games for them between 2001 and 2004.
Škrtel made his debut for Zenit Saint Petersburg in a Russian Cup match on 31 July 2004. He said that the presence of Slovak and Czech players helped him to adjust to the new team. He played 113 times and scored 5 goals for the club.Valencia, Tottenham Hotspur, Everton, and Newcastle United were all reported to be interested in his services, but he ended up signing for Liverpool in the January 2008 transfer window.
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Marvin Gaye
Marvin Pentz Gay, Jr. (April 2, 1939 – April 1, 1984), better known by his stage name Marvin Gaye (he added the 'e' as a young man), was an acclaimed American singer-songwriter and musician with a three-octave vocal range, who achieved major success in the 1960s and 1970s as an artist for the Motown Records label. He was shot dead by his father on April 1, 1984.
Starting his career as a member of the doo-wop group The Moonglows in the late 1950s, he ventured into a solo career after the group disbanded in 1960, signing with Motown Records subsidiary, Tamla. He started off as a session drummer, but later ranked as the label's top-selling solo artist during the 1960s. He was crowned "The Prince of Motown" and "The Prince of Soul". because of solo hits such as "How Sweet It Is (To Be Loved by You)", "Ain't That Peculiar", "I Heard It Through the Grapevine," and his duet singles with singers such as Mary Wells and Tammi Terrell.
His work in the early- and mid-1970s included the albums, What's Going On, Let's Get It On, and I Want You, which helped influence the quiet storm, urban adult contemporary, and slow jam genres. After a self-imposed European exile in the early 1980s, Gaye returned on the 1982 Grammy-Award winning hit, "Sexual Healing" and the Midnight Love album before his death.
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Marvin Mitchell
Marvin Mitchell (born October 21, 1984) is an American football linebacker for the Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League. He was drafted by the New Orleans Saints in the seventh round of the 2007 NFL Draft. He played college football at Tennessee.
Mitchell has also played for the Miami Dolphins.
Mitchell attended Lake Taylor High School in Norfolk, Virginia, where he was an all-district selection on both sides of the ball, playing tight end on offense. He also played basketball, ran track and put the shot.
Mitchell attended the University of Tennessee, where he played on the school's football team. Though scheduled to redshirt his freshman year, Mitchell played due to injuries to other players. Mitchell missed the 2004 season stemming from an injury suffered while practicing for the Peach Bowl the previous year.
On May 1, 2006, Mitchell was arrested in Knoxville, Tennessee, and charged with disorderly conduct. He was suspended indefinitely from the team, but allowed to return after reaching an agreement with prosecutors.
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Mary Cain
Mary D. Cain (born August 17, 1904 - May 6, 1984) was a Mississippi newspaper editor and Democratic politician. A fiery and outspoken supporter of segregation and other conservative causes, she earned herself the nickname "Hacksaw Mary" . Besides editing the Summit Sun, a weekly newspaper of Pike County, Mississippi, she was the first woman to run for governor in the state, though she never won the office. Cain first came to national attention in 1952 when she refused to pay $42.87 in social security taxes, calling the program "unconstitutional, immoral and un-American" . She considered the federal government in general a "bloated abomination" . Cain died on May 6, 1984 at the age of 79.
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Mary Hamman
Mary Hamman (2 August 1907 – 18 November 1984) was an American writer and editor. She was an editor for Pictorial Review, Good Housekeeping, Mademoiselle, the modern living editor for LIFE, editor in chief for Bride & Home.
She was born in Baltimore, Maryland a daughter of Johns Hopkins clinician Dr. Louis Hamman. Her move to Manhattan was during prohibition which fueled many stories.
She was one of a "trio of formidable and colorful women" the other two being: Mary Letherbee, movie editor; and Sally Kirkland, fashion editor. Together they led the "back of the book" at LIFE and were given free rein by Ed Thompson as managing editor and later editor in chief. When Thompson went on to found the Smithsonian Magazine she would often write the humor page inside the back cover.
Jack Coggins a friend from the days of LIFE and later a neighbor said:
Sho Sho (Mrs Colin MacLeod) was a childhood friend from Baltimore who with her husband were neighbors in Manhattan and Bucks County remembered a trip returning from New Hampshire:
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Mary Miles Minter
Mary Miles Minter (April 1, 1902 – August 4, 1984) was an American film actress of the silent film era.
Born Juliet Reilly in Shreveport, Louisiana, Minter was the younger daughter of Lilla Pearl Reilly (née Miles and later known as Broadway actress Charlotte Shelby) and her husband, Joseph Homer Reilly. At the age of five, she accompanied older sister Margaret on an audition only because no baby sitter was available, was noticed by the director and given her first part. After this she was frequently employed, widely noted for both her talent and visual appeal. In 1912, to avoid child labour laws in Chicago while her 10 year-old daughter was appearing in a play, Shelby obtained the birth certificate of a cousin and changed Juliet's name to Mary Miles Minter. She made her first feature film in 1915 at the age of 13, after which her career steadily grew.
Minter specialised in playing demure young women. With her photogenic "registration[clarification needed]", even features, "periwinkle blue eyes" and curly hair, she emulated and later rivaled Mary Pickford.
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Matt Cain
Matthew Thomas Cain (born October 1, 1984) is an American professional baseball player. A starting pitcher, Cain plays for the San Francisco Giants of Major League Baseball. He is 6 feet 3 inches (1.91 m) tall and weighs 235 pounds (107 kg).
Cain graduated from Houston High School in Germantown, Tennessee, where he earned the nickname "Big Sugar" and was selected by the Giants in the first round (25th overall) in the 2002 MLB Draft.
Prior to the 2005 season, Cain was named the #13 prospect in baseball by Baseball America.
Cain features a mix of mostly four pitches: a four-seam fastball (89-92 mph), a slider (85-88), a curveball (78-81), and a changeup (85-88). Very infrequently, he also throws a two-seam fastball at 90-92 mph. Cain leads with his four-seamer, throwing it just over half the time in 2011. His changeup is his secondary pitch to left-handed hitters, while he throws sliders as a secondary pitch to right-handed hitters. Cain throws curveballs in roughly equal proportions to righties and lefties.
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Mauricio Pinilla
Mauricio Ricardo Pinilla Ferrera (born 4 February 1984) is a Chilean footballer who plays for Cagliari Calcio on loan from U.S. Città di Palermo in Italy, as a striker.
After beginning his career at Universidad de Chile, he signed for Inter Milan at the age of 19, but never appeared for the club in four years. He went on to play in five countries, without really settling anywhere.
Born in Santiago, Pinilla started his career with Universidad de Chile, leaving for European football and Italian giants F.C. Internazionale Milano in 2003, signing a five-year contract.
However, he was immediately sold to fellow Serie A side A.C. ChievoVerona (which acquired 50% of the player's rights), and finished 2003–04 loaned again, to La Liga outfit Real Club Celta de Vigo, not managing to score in 11 league appearances combined.
In July 2004, Sporting Clube de Portugal bought 50% of his playing rights and Pinilla, having spent much of the season on a low note, finished with five goals in 2004–05, notably a hat-trick in a 3–0 win at Sporting Clube de Braga, on 1 May 2005.
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May McAvoy
May McAvoy (September 8, 1899 – April 26, 1984) was an American actress, who worked mainly during the silent-film era.
She starred in one of the first so-called talkies, The Jazz Singer.
McAvoy dropped out of high school and appeared in her first film in 1917 entitled Hate.
After appearing in more than three dozen films, McAvoy co-starred with Ramón Novarro and Francis X. Bushman in director Fred Niblo's 1925 production of Ben-Hur released by MGM. The feature-length film was one of the most lavish and spectacular productions of the silent movie era.
Although her voice was not heard in The Jazz Singer, she did speak in several other films, including the second "all-talkie" released by Warner Brothers, The Terror which was directed by Roy Del Ruth and co-starred Conrad Nagel.
For years, a rumor circulated that McAvoy retired from the screen at the transition to sound films because of a lisp or speech impediment. In truth, she married the treasurer of United Artists, who asked her not to work.
Later, she returned to films and played small roles during the 1940s and 1950s, making her final film appearance in a small part of the 1959 version of Ben-Hur.
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Megan Ewing
Megan Christine Ewing (born September 30, 1984 in Abilene, Texas) is an American model who has worked for Abercrombie & Fitch and La Perla, but is perhaps best known as a Guess? model.
She is of German and Mexican descent, Megan Ewing is the second of three children and the only daughter of Albert Robert Ewing and Celia Perez.[citation needed] Before her forays into fashion, she went to grade school in her hometown of Brady, Texas, a city of 5,000.
A 5'9" brunette, Ewing got her start in the world of modeling when she answered a newspaper ad for a model search in San Angelo, Texas and was then discovered at a Model Search America convention in Dallas. Initially signed by Clipse Management, she moved on to Marilyn Agency in New York shortly after. She used to make around 400 at the beginning
Ewing's career began with a campaign for Abercrombie & Fitch and print work for magazines including Spanish Vogue, Votre Beaute, and Harper's Bazaar, although it wouldn't be until she followed in the footsteps of Laetitia Casta and Claudia Schiffer by joining Adriana Lima as a Guess? girl in the spring of 2001 that her profile would rise. After several seasonal campaigns for Paul Marciano and Co. and working for companies like Victoria's Secret, Mango, La Perla, and Aeropostale over two years, Ewing took a short sabbatical from modeling in the United States, parted with Clipse Management, and appeared in several catalogs in Europe. In 2004, she joined Marilyn Agency, appeared in Glamour magazine, and modeled for the Newport News catalog in the fall.
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Meghan McCain
Meghan Marguerite McCain (born October 23, 1984) is an American columnist, author and blogger. She is a daughter of U.S. Senator John McCain and Cindy Hensley McCain. McCain first received media attention in 2007 for her blog, McCain Blogette, on which she documented life on the campaign trail and mused about fashion, music, and pop culture. In 2009, she became a contributing author for The Daily Beast, and in 2011, began appearing as a contributor on MSNBC.
McCain is the oldest of the four children of John and Cindy Hensley McCain. She has been a public figure for most of her life, appearing at the 1996 Republican National Convention.
She was born and raised in Phoenix, Arizona, and attended Phoenix Country Day School and Xavier College Preparatory, an all-girl Catholic high school. She attended Columbia University, where she earned her bachelor's degree in art history. McCain originally planned to become a music journalist and interned at Newsweek and Saturday Night Live.
McCain says that she is "a woman who despises labels and boxes and stereotypes." McCain also has described herself as a Republican who is "liberal on social issues". She registered as an Independent when she was 18 years old and she voted for John Kerry in the 2004 presidential election. She agrees with her father's positions on global warming and stem-cell research. At first she had doubts about the 2003 invasion of Iraq but subsequently supported her father's position regarding it. She has stated she is pro-life, in favor of sex education and birth control. She has chastised conservatives for hypocrisy regarding abortion: "They go on and on about how evil and wrong abortion is, but don't like to talk about how easy it is to not get pregnant."
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Melissa Schuman
Melissa Amber Schuman (born August 21, 1984) is an American singer and actress. Schuman is best known for her role in the all girl teen band Dream. With Dream, she appeared in their two biggest hits, "He Loves U Not" and "This is Me". Schuman quit the band after their two hits to pursue her own solo career in singing. Schuman has never gained much fame in singing since her departure from Dream. She has gained some success in acting with appearances in such movies as Love Don't Cost a Thing, The Hollow and Silent Scream. Schuman has also appeared on the Tonight Show with Jay Leno and has even hosted TRL. In November 2010, the song "Don't" that was supposed to be the debut single for her unreleased solo album was released on iTunes.
In 2002, after Schuman announced she was leaving Dream to focus on her acting career and a solo album she starred in Love Don't Cost a Thing, The Hollow and Silent Scream. She recorded a song with The Hollow Costar Nick Carter called There For Me in 2004. Schuman had plans to release her first single "Don't" but the single and solo album were later scrapped. As of November 16, 2010, the unreleased single "Don't" was released to iTunes. On November 15, 2010, Schuman's unreleased solo album "Stereotyped" was released to iTunes.
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Melky Cabrera
Melky Astacio Cabrera (born August 11, 1984) is a Dominican professional baseball player. An outfielder, he currently plays for the San Francisco Giants of Major League Baseball.
Cabrera was signed by the New York Yankees on November 14, 2001, at age 17. In 2002, at age 18, he made his professional debut with the Yankees Rookie League affiliate in the Dominican Summer League.
He made his first minor league appearance with the Rookie-Advanced team in the NY Penn League with the Staten Island Yankees in 2003, batting .283 with 31 RBIs in 67 games. In 2004, he moved up to Class A with the Battle Creek Yankees, hitting .333 with 16 RBI in 42 games before being promoted to the high Class A Tampa Yankees, where he hit .288 with 51 RBI in 85 games to finish the season.
In 2005, Cabrera started off with the Class AA Trenton Thunder, hitting .275 with 60 RBIs in 106 games. At the end of June, he was called up to the Class AAA Columbus Clippers. On July 7, Cabrera made his major league debut in center field at Yankee Stadium against the Cleveland Indians. His first at bat against Kevin Millwood resulted in a strikeout. He collected his first major league hit, a single, to left field, in his third at bat to a standing ovation. The next day, he went 2-for-3 against Cleveland Indians pitcher Cliff Lee, scoring his first major league run. Cabrera would go 0-for-his next 13 and make a costly miscue in center on July 15 against the Boston Red Sox at Fenway Park, misplaying a Trot Nixon fly ball that resulted in an inside-the-park homer during a 17–1 defeat. He was sent down to Class AAA Columbus the next day for 17 games, and then demoted back to Class AA Trenton Thunder to finish out the season.
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Melody Thornton
Melody Thornton (born September 28, 1984) is an American vocalist, dancer, and model. She rose to stardom as a member of the successful pop group the Pussycat Dolls. The youngest member of the group, Thornton assumed the second most prominent vocal role, after lead vocalist Nicole Scherzinger, and was distinguished for her melismatic vocal runs. As of 2010, Thornton has departed the group to focus on her solo career. Thornton confirmed the title of her debut album will be Hit The Ground Running to be released sometime in 2012. Thornton's first mixtape, "P.O.Y.B.L" was released March 15, 2012.
Thornton graduated from Camelback High School in Phoenix, Arizona in 2003. She is of Mexican descent from her mother Elia, and her father Theolph Thornton of African American descent. Thornton has an older sister named Nichole Thornton. Her talent was first discovered at a Papago Elementary School talent show when she sang Mariah Carey's remake of Badfinger's "Without You".
In 2003, soprano vocalist Thornton was recruited in the Pussycat Dolls order to add vocal strength to the group. She saw the Pussycat Dolls on MTV Diaries featuring Christina Aguilera and heard they were auditioning for a new group member. Thornton went to the audition and was recruited in December 2003. For her audition, Thornton only sang and was still accepted into the group. As with the other Dolls, she is a salaried employee of Interscope Records. Her nickname for the group is "Baby Doll" because she is the youngest of the group.
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Melonie Diaz
Melonie Diaz (born April 25, 1984) is an American actress who has appeared in many independent films, including four shown at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival.
Diaz was raised along with her elder sister in New York City's lower east side by parents of Puerto Rican descent. She became interested in acting at the Henry Street Settlement and subsequently attended the Professional Performing Arts School in Manhattan.
She recently completed a degree in Film Production at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts, and has made numerous off-Broadway and workshop appearances including Medea at the Bullet Space, the Hip Hop Theater Festival at P.S. 122, and the New York City Fringe Festival.
She started her film career with a supporting role in Tom DiCillo's Double Whammy (2001) and later landed roles in Jim McKay and Hannah Weyer's From an Objective Point of View and Peter Sollett's Raising Victor Vargas (both 2002). Television work at this time included an episode of Law & Order and a pilot for Queens Supreme (both 2003).
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Meredith Willson
Robert Meredith Willson (May 18, 1902 – June 15, 1984) was an American composer, songwriter, conductor and playwright, best known for writing the book, music and lyrics for the hit Broadway musical The Music Man. He wrote three other Broadway musicals, composed symphonies and popular songs, and his film scores were twice nominated for Academy Awards.
He was born in Mason City, Iowa to John David Willson and Rosalie Reiniger Willson, and had a brother two years older, John Cedrick, and a sister 12 years older, Lucille. He attended Frank Damrosch's Institute of Musical Art (later The Juilliard School) in New York City. He married his high school sweetheart, Elizabeth "Peggy" Wilson on August 29, 1920. A flute and piccolo player, Willson was a member of John Philip Sousa's band (1921–1923), and the New York Philharmonic Orchestra under Arturo Toscanini (1924–1929). Willson then moved to San Francisco, California as the concert director for radio station KFRC, and then as a musical director for the NBC radio network in Hollywood.
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Micah Alberti
Micah Alberti (born August 19, 1984) is an American model and actor who played James Edward Martin on All My Children. He also guest starred on 8 Simple Rules and Smallville. He starred on the ABC Family series, Wildfire. He previously dated Rumer Willis before splitting in 2011.
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Michael Ennis
Michael Ennis (born 16 March 1984 in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales) is an Australian professional rugby league footballer for the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs of the National Rugby League. A New South Wales State of Origin representative hooker, he previously played for the Brisbane Broncos, St George Illawarra Dragons and the Newcastle Knights. He is well known as being a 'niggler' when playing.
Ennis' first season at the Broncos, in 2006, was cut short by a knee injury suffered in round 5 against the South Sydney Rabbitohs at Suncorp Stadium. While changing direction, Ennis snapped his anterior cruciate ligament and required a full knee reconstruction. Ennis missed the rest of the season, and subsequently, the premiership win in October.
In 2007, Ennis made a return to first grade but was forced to work for his place in the side as a result of the good form of Shaun Berrigan at hooker. After some appearances from the interchange bench earlier in the season, Ennis was trialled at halfback during the final stages of Brisbane's round 10 loss to the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles. He was retained in this position in the ensuing games with some success.
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Michael McGovern
Michael McGovern (born 12 July 1984) is a Northern Ireland footballer currently playing for Scottish First Division club Falkirk as a goalkeeper.
Born in Enniskillen, McGovern started his career with Scottish Premier League club Celtic in 2001 but left in 2008 without making a first team appearance. He joined Second Division side Stranraer on loan in January 2005, then in 2006 went to First Division side St. Johnstone on an emergency loan. After leaving Celtic he joined fellow SPL side Dundee United but left after one season having not made a first team appearance. In 2009 he went back to the First Division with Ross County, where he enjoyed a successful two year spell. In 2011 he moved again on a free transfer to fellow First Division side Falkirk.
He was an unused substitute in the 2007 Scottish Cup Final, which earned him his only medal with Celtic. He helped Ross County to the 2010 Scottish Cup Final which they lost against his former team Dundee United.
He is a Northern Ireland international, having been capped once.
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Michael Rensing
Michael Rensing (born 14 May 1984 in Lingen, Lower Saxony) is a German footballer who currently plays for 1. FC Köln.
Born of a German father and a Serbian mother, Rensing joined Bayern in 2000 from TuS Lingen, and went on to develop his talent in the club's youth sides.
He spent the 2002–03 season in the German Regionalliga with Bayern's reserve side, and won a place in the UEFA Champions League squad at the start of the following campaign as he moved up the Bayern pecking order to become Oliver Kahn's deputy.
Rensing made his Bundesliga debut on 21 February 2004, playing the entire 90 minutes of the 1–0 home win against Hamburg. He also kept a clean sheet in his second match against Schalke 04.
Rensing saw action in six Bundesliga games in the 2005–06 season, and saw his first Champions League nod for an injured Oliver Kahn against Milan on 21 February 2006 (Milan keeper Dida was injured during the match, so both sides finished with reserve goalkeepers in goal), which ended in a 1–1 draw. On 15 April 2006, Rensing was involved in a strange incident prior to a match against Arminia Bielefeld. He took a warm-up shot that struck goalkeeper Oliver Kahn blackening his eye and forcing him to sit out the game. Rensing played in Kahn's place and Bayern went on to win the contest 2–0.
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Michael Witt
Michael Witt (born 1 January 1984 in Toowoomba, Queensland) is an Australian professional rugby league footballer who currently plays for the London Broncos in the Super League. He previously played in the National Rugby League competition and rugby union in the Air New Zealand Cup.
Growing up in Toowoomba, Witt attended Harristown State High School where he was a champion junior boxer and played rugby league for the Newtown Lions in the local junior competition, and he later went on to represent Queensland in rugby league at the Under 15 level in 1999 and the Under 16 level in 2000. During 1999 he was spotted by the Parramatta Eels as a player with much potential and he was offered a scholarship by the club, which he accepted, and in the following year he moved to Sydney to join his older brother Steven at Parramatta, where he spent the next three seasons in the lower grades. During the 2002 season, Witt played in the SG Ball Grand Final, where his Parramatta team was defeated 18-16 by the Western Suburbs Magpies. When Parramatta's regular halfback Paul Green was injured (causing his retirement from the game), Witt was promoted to the team as Green's replacement to make his National Rugby League debut on 2 May 2003. Despite a very promising debut from Witt, Parramatta were soundly beaten 44-12 by the Sydney Roosters in a Friday night game at Parramatta Stadium.
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Michel Foucault
Michel Foucault (French pronunciation: [miʃɛl fuko]), born Paul-Michel Foucault (15 October 1926 – 25 June 1984) was a French philosopher, social theorist and historian of ideas. He held a chair at the Collège de France with the title "History of Systems of Thought," and lectured at the University at Buffalo and the University of California, Berkeley.
Foucault is best known for his critical studies of social institutions, most notably psychiatry, social anthropology of medicine, the human sciences and the prison system, as well as for his work on the history of human sexuality. His writings on power, knowledge, and discourse have been widely influential in academic circles.
In the 1960s, he was associated with structuralism, a theoretical movement in social anthropology from which he later distanced himself. He also rejected the poststructuralist and postmodernist labels later attributed to him, preferring to classify his thought as a critical history of modernity rooted in Immanuel Kant. His project was particularly influenced by Nietzsche, his "genealogy of knowledge" being a direct allusion to Nietzsche's "genealogy of morality". In a late interview he definitively stated: "I am a Nietzschean."
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Michelle Ryan
Michelle Claire Ryan (born 22 April 1984) is an English actress.
She portrayed the role of Zoe Slater on BBC soap opera EastEnders. In 2007, she starred in the short lived American television series Bionic Woman. She has appeared as the evil sorceress Nimueh in the 2008 BBC TV series Merlin, and as Lady Christina de Souza in the Doctor Who episode "Planet of the Dead".
Michelle Ryan was born in Enfield, Greater London, and was a student at Chace Community School. A member of a local theatre group since she was 10, she was picked for her role in EastEnders when she was 15 and first appeared on the show in September 2000. She left the series in late 2005, and has since stated that she has no intention of returning to EastEnders.
Ryan was given her first big break playing Sheylla Grands in the series TV show Chosen Ones in the first season and Zoe Slater in the BBC soap EastEnders.
During summer 2005, Ryan appeared in a run of Who's the Daddy? at the King's Head Theatre. The play by Toby Young and Lloyd Evans is based on the David Blunkett paternity case.
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Mikiel Gonzi
Monsignor Sir Michael Gonzi, KBE, DD (Maltese Mikiel Gonzi) (13 May 1885 – 22 January 1984) was Roman Catholic Archbishop of the Archdiocese of Malta (Bishop before this Malta elevated to the status of archdiocese during his tenure). He had also been Bishop of Gozo and an elected Labour Senator in the Malta Legislative Assembly.
He was born as Michele Gonzi in Vittoriosa and ordained to the priesthood in 1908.
Elected as a Labour Senator in the Malta Legislative Assembly in 1921 he resigned half-way into his term to be ordained as the 5th Bishop of Gozo in 1924. He held this office until 14 October 1943 when he became coadjutor bishop of Malta and Titular Bishop of Lyrbe. Three months later Mauro Caruana, Bishop of Malta, died, and on 17 December Gonzi succeeded him. Gonzi became Archbishop in 1944 when Malta was elevated to an Archdiocese.
Gonzi was instrumental in helping families without decent dwellings to find good houses. He commissioned the construction of apartments for families and was also the motor behind the construction of many churches especially the one in Kalkara.
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Milorad Čavić
Milorad Čavić (Serbian Cyrillic: Милорад Чавић; born on May 31, 1984) is an American-born Serbian swimmer.
Born in Anaheim, California and a citizen of both Serbia and the United States, he attended Tustin High School in California, where he set four CIF records and a national high school mark in the 50 yd freestyle. While swimming for the University of California, Berkeley and training with Mike Bottom, Čavić set a new school and Pac-10 record in the 100 yd butterfly (45.44 s).
Representing Serbia at the European Short Course Swimming Championships in Dublin 2003, Čavić won the gold medal in 100 m butterfly and set a new world record. He also won a silver medal in 50 m freestyle. Čavić defended his European 100 m title on subsequent short-course championships in Helsinki 2006 (finishing 50.63), Debrecen 2007 (finishing at 50.53) and Rijeka 2008 (finishing at 49.19 and setting a new European record). He also took silver on 50 m butterfly in Rijeka.
On December 14, 2007 Čavić defended his European championship in the 100 m butterfly in Helsinki, finishing at 50.63 seconds. On December 14, 2007, the sprinter defended his European championship again in the 100 m butterfly in Debrecen, finishing at 50.53 seconds.
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Milperra massacre
The Milperra Massacre was a firearm battle between rival motorcycle gang members on September 2 (Father's Day) 1984, in Milperra, a south-western suburb of Sydney. The massacre had its beginnings after a group of Comancheros broke away and formed the first Bandidos Motorcycle Club chapter in Australia resulting in intense rivalry between the two chapters. Seven people were killed: six motorcycle gang members and a fourteen year old female bystander.
Police believe that the war began over turf or drugs, however, the clubs at that time had a strong no drugs policy and Colin Ceasar Campbell, former Sergeant-at-Arms of the Harris Park based Comancheros and then President of the Birchgrove chapter until they were "patched" as Bandidos, points to the acrimony of the split as the sole reason. According to Campbell, in late 1983, one of his brothers and another Comanchero had called on another member and caught Comanchero president Jock Ross in a compromising position with the members wife. As Sergeant-at-Arms, he ordered Ross to face charges of breaking one of the 10 firm rules the club observed. If found guilty, Ross would have been expelled from the club. Ross failed to appear at the first two scheduled meetings and after arriving at the third, simply announced that the club would be split into two chapters and walked out. Campbell, his four brothers, the three McElwaine brothers, Anthony Snodgrass Spencer (Snoddy), Charles Charlie Sciberras and several others who supported bringing charges against Ross set up a new Comanchero chapter in Birchgrove.
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Mirai Moriyama
Mirai Moriyama (森山未來 Moriyama Mirai, born August 20, 1984 in Kobe, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan) is a Japanese actor. In the Japanese film Crying Out Love, In the Center of the World, he played a high school age hero trying to deal with his terminally-ill girlfriend. He also portrayed the character Kakuta on the 20th Century Boys live action movie. He often appears in Japanese men's style-magazines and was the cover-boy for the magazine "Men's Non-no" in spring 2006
He started training in dance when he was 5 years old. He trained Jazz dance, tap dance, ballet and hip-hop, and he appeared in several stage roles. He officially made his stage dabut with 1999 BOYS TIME. In 2008, he played the lead character in a Japanese version of the musical RENT.
He has also starred in several Japanese TV-dramas including Waterboys 2 and Kiken na Aneki (dangerous elder sister).
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Mohammad Ashraful
Mohammad Ashraful (Bengali: মোহাম্মদ আশরাফুল) (born 7 July 1984) is a Bangladeshi international cricket player and has represented the Bangladesh national cricket team. A top-order batsman with a penchant for flashy strokeplay, he has also been selected to represent ACC Asia XI ODI side. Between 2007 and 2009, Ashraful captained his country in 13 Tests, losing all but one which ended in a draw, and 38 One Day Internationals (ODIs) of which Bangladesh won eight. Ashraful is Bangladesh's second-highest run-scorer in both Tests and ODIs. When not playing with the national team, Ashraful plays domestic cricket for the Dhaka Division cricket team in Bangladesh's domestic one-day and first-class competitions, captaining both sides on occasion.
Ashraful made his first-class debut on 22 November 2000, playing for Dhaka Metropolis cricket team. He opened the batting, scoring 41 and 6; Ashraful also claimed five wickets for 59 runs in the first innings with his leg-spin bowling. Three days later Ashraful made his list A debut, again playing for Dhaka Metropolis and opening the batting he scored 22 and took two wickets as his team won the match. Ashraful scored his maiden first-class century in his second match, making 101 against Khulna Division. The seven wickets Ashraful took for 99 runs in a match against Chittagong Division in January 2001 remain his best bowling figures. Over the course of the season he played ten first-class matches – scoring 585 runs at an average of 30.78, including two centuries, and taking 39 wickets at an average of 25.48, including three five-wicket hauls. He also played nine list A matches, scoring 85 runs and taking four wickets.
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Moshé Feldenkrais
Moshé Pinchas Feldenkrais (Hebrew: משה פנחס פלדנקרייז, May 6, 1904 – July 1, 1984) was an Israeli physicist and the founder of the Feldenkrais Method, designed to improve human functioning by increasing self-awareness through movement.
Feldenkrais was born in the Ukrainian town of Slavuta. In 1918, he left his family, then living in Baranovichi, Belarus, to emigrate to Palestine. There he worked as a laborer before obtaining his high-school diploma in 1925. After graduation, he worked as a cartographer for the British survey office. During his time in Palestine he began his studies of self-defense, including jiu jitsu. A soccer injury in 1929 would later figure into the development of his method.
During the 1930s, he lived in France where he earned his engineering degree from the École Spéciale des Travaux Publics, and later his Doctor of Science in engineering at the Sorbonne where Marie Curie was one of his teachers. During this time he worked as a research assistant to nuclear chemist and Nobel Prize laureate Frédéric Joliot-Curie at the Radium Institute. In 1933, he met Jigoro Kano, the founder of judo, who encouraged him to continue his study of Asian martial arts. He became a close friend of Kano[citation needed], and corresponded with him regularly. Kano chose him to be one of the doors through which the East attempts to meet the West. In 1936, he earned a black belt in judo, and later gained his 2nd degree black belt in 1938. He was a co-founding member of the Jiu Jitsu Club de France, one of the oldest Judo clubs in Europe, which still exists today. Frédéric, Irène Joliot-Curie, and Bertrand Goldschmidt took Judo lessons from him during their time together at the institute.
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MyAnna Buring
MyAnna Buring (born 22 September 1984) is a Swedish actress best known for appearing in the 2005 horror film The Descent.
Buring was born in Sweden but grew up in the Middle East. When she turned 16, she moved to England. She attended high school at the American British Academy in Muscat, Oman, with her childhood friend Stegath Dorr, who is a character actor and a prolific horror filmmaker. Buring graduated from the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art in 2004. She is also the associate director of the MahWaff Theatre Company.
In 2006, Buring guest-starred in "The Impossible Planet", the first episode of a two-episode Doctor Who story. Her character, Scooti, perished in the vacuum of space; the scenes of her body floating towards a black hole were filmed in an underwater tank in Pinewood Studios, to create the effect of weightlessness.
Also in 2006, Buring played Olivia in a production of Shakespeare's Twelfth Night by Exeter's Northcott Theatre Company, alongside Sara Weymouth and David Gwillim, and appeared in a new play, Seduced by Michael Kingsbury at London's Finborough Theatre. In 2008, Buring starred as Alice in the independent film Credo, also known as The Devil's Curse.
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Naima Mora
Naima Mora (born March 1, 1984) is an American fashion model and the winner of Cycle 4 of America's Next Top Model.
Naima Mora was born on March 1, 1984 in Detroit, Michigan, the daughter of African American, talented jazz vocalist and entrepreneur Theresa Mora & Mexican jazz percussionist Francisco Mora Catlett. Her paternal grandparents are painter Francisco Mora and sculptress, painter and printmaker Elizabeth Catlett. She is the inspiration for her grandmother's 2001 black marble bust entitled Naima. Catlett described it as:
Her father is Mexican, Native American, African-American, while her mother is Irish and African-American.[citation needed] She was named after the John Coltrane song Naima. Mora has 5 sisters, including her identical twin, Nia, who is a photographer. Her older sister, Ife Mora (born 1977), is a vocalist in the trip-hop/experimental rock group livemas.
Mora grew up near West McNichols and Schaefer on Detroit's northwest side and attended Bates Academy for middle school. Mora graduated from Cass Technical High School in Detroit in 2002. A serious student of ballet, Mora attended Detroit's Ballet Renaissance and was enrolled in American Ballet Theatre's Detroit summer programme.
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Naomi Uemura
Naomi Uemura (植村 直己, Uemura Naomi?, April 24, 1941 – c. February 13, 1984) was a Japanese adventurer. He was particularly well known for doing alone what had previously been achieved only with large teams. For example, he was the first person ever to reach the North Pole solo, the first ever to raft the Amazon solo, and the first ever to climb Mount McKinley solo.
Uemura was born in Hidaka, now part of Toyooka, Hyōgo, Japan. Shy by nature, he began climbing in college in the hope that mountaineering would increase his self-confidence.
While still in his 20s, Uemura had climbed solo Mount Kilimanjaro, Aconcagua, Mont Blanc and the Matterhorn, had walked the length of Japan and was a member of the first Japanese expedition to climb Mount Everest and subsequent disastrous 1971 International Everest Expedition.
Uemura wrote that he almost gave up twice during his 1978 North Pole trip. On the fourth day of his trek, a polar bear invaded his camp, ate his supplies, and poked his nose against the sleeping bag where Uemura lay tense and motionless. When the bear returned the next day, Uemura was ready and shot him dead. On the 35th day of the trip, Uemura had hunkered down on an ice floe with his malamutes, when there was the roar of breaking ice and the floe cracked into pieces. He and his dogs were stranded on a tossing island of ice. After a night of terror, Uemura found a 3-foot-wide (0.91 m) ice bridge and raced to safety.
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Natalie du Toit
Natalie du Toit (pronounced /dʉˈtɔɪ/; born 29 January 1984) is a South African swimmer. She is best known for the gold medals she won at the 2004 Paralympic Games as well as the Commonwealth Games. She was one of two Paralympians to compete at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing; the other being table tennis player Natalia Partyka. Du Toit became the first amputee ever to qualify for the Olympics, where she placed 16th in the 10K, "Marathon", swim.
Du Toit was born in Cape Town, South Africa and attended Wynberg Girls' High School. She began competing internationally in swimming at the age of 14. In February 2001 her left leg was amputated at the knee after she was hit by a car while riding her scooter back to school after swimming practice. Three months later, before she had started walking again, she was back in the pool with the intention of competing in the 2002 Commonwealth Games. Du Toit swims without the aid of a prosthetic limb.
She completed her scholastic education at the Reddam House in Cape Town after which she studied for a Bachelor of Science degree at the University of Cape Town, specializing in genetics and physiology. In her free time she does motivational speaking.
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Natasha Melnick
Natasha Melnick (born April 10, 1984) is an American television and film actress. She may be best known for her portrayal of Cindy Sanders on the short-lived NBC dramedy Freaks and Geeks.
Melnick was born in Los Angeles, California. A gifted student, she graduated from San Fernando High School in Southern California's San Fernando Valley, and enrolled in college at age fifteen in the fall of 1999. Her first film appearance was in Disney's The Parent Trap. Since then, she has appeared in films like Go and Orange County.
Melnick is perhaps best known for her role as cheerleader Cindy Sanders on Freaks & Geeks. She also had recurring roles on Boston Public, and Do Over. In 2001, she reunited with some of the cast members of Freaks and Geeks, appearing in the show Undeclared (which was also developed by Judd Apatow).
In 2000, Melnick was nominated for the YoungStar Award Best Young Ensemble Cast - Television for: Freaks and Geeks.
Melnick is a member of the band One Last Run. She stated in an interview with Seventeen Magazine that the band was so named because she often asks for "one last run" when snowboarding.
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Nate Salley
Nate Salley (born February 5, 1984 in Fort Lauderdale, Florida) is an American football safety for the Florida Tuskers of the United Football League. He was originally drafted by the Carolina Panthers in the fourth round of the 2006 NFL Draft. He played college football at Ohio State.
He was a two sport star at St.Thomas Aquinas High School in Fort Lauderdale. Salley was a member both the football and basketball state championship teams at St. Thomas Aquinas before graduating in 2002.
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Nathaniel Motte
Nathaniel Warren Seth Motte (born January 13, 1984) is an American singer, songwriter, producer, performer, film composer, instrumentalist, and playwright from Parsons, Kansas. He is a member of the electronic pop duo 3OH!3 with Sean Foreman.
Nathaniel Motte was born on January 13, 1984 in Parsons, Kansas. He moved to Parsons in 1987. His mother is French American, and his father is a United States professor of French Literature. Nathaniel Motte is bilingual having been raised in a bilingual household. He also has dual French-United States citizenship. He attended Foothills Elementary, Casey Middle School, Boulder High School, and the University of Colorado at Boulder. He graduated with a major in Environmental, Population, and Organismal Biology in 2006. Motte was accepted to medical school at the University of Colorado in Denver in 2007.
Nathaniel Motte took piano lessons at a young age, and began to play guitar at home with his brother and father. He began to DJ at the age of 18, playing in local bars and clubs in Boulder. He began producing music shortly thereafter, using programs like Acid and Reason to make songs at home while he was attending the University of Colorado. He now uses primarily Apple’s Logic as his production program, although he continues to work in other programs.
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Naturi Naughton
Naturi Cora Maria Naughton (born May 20, 1984) is an American singer, rapper, and actress best known for formerly being one-third of the R&B trio 3LW, and the starring role of Denise in the remake of Fame. Naughton now stars on the hit Lifetime TV series The Client List as Kendra.
Naughton was born and raised in East Orange, New Jersey, the daughter of Brenda, a part-time paralegal, and Ezra Naughton, a retired accountant. Her musical talent first emerged at the age of five years old, when she joined her church choir at New Hope Baptist Church in East Orange, NJ. She attended St. Joseph's Catholic school, and later attended Immaculate Conception high school in Montclair, NJ. It was soon after that time Naturi was discovered. She has sung the national anthem at various events in New Jersey and attended Seton Hall University.
In 1999, at age 15, Naughton joined Adrienne Bailon and Kiely Williams to form the group 3LW. Their first single, "No More (Baby I'ma Do Right)", was released in the fall of 2000. "No More" was a success and was followed by the second single, "Playas Gon' Play" in early 2001. The group's debut album, 3LW, was released on December 5, 2000. The album went platinum, selling 1.3 million copies in the US. In the summer of 2001, the group went on the MTV TRL tour along with Destiny's Child, Dream, Nelly, Eve, and Jessica Simpson.
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Nicole Rash
Nicole Elizabeth Rash (born October 31, 1984) is an American model ,actress. and professional writing-your-own-wikipedia-article-er. She is the 2007 winner of Miss Indiana and first runner-up to Miss America 2008 Kirsten Haglund.
Rash was born in South Bend, Indiana, lived in LaPaz, Indiana, and attended LaVille Elementary through the 3rd grade. While she was growing up, Nicole participated in a couple of children's pageants and modeling, showing up in some local advertisements.
In 1994 Nicole's family moved to Plymouth, Indiana where Nicole attended Jefferson Elementary. In her 4th grade year, she experienced her first overseas travel when she entered a direct exchange program through the school with an elementary school in Ecos, France. She and her family hosted a student for 3 weeks and Nicole went to France for 3 weeks where she learned to appreciate other cultures and languages. She then attended Lincoln Junior High School in Plymouth for the 6th-8th grades where she excelled in academics, choir, and athletics being on the volleyball, basketball, and track teams. Nicole continued doing well throughout high school being an Academic Honor Society member, among many other clubs, and continued in sports; she helped lead the volleyball team to sectional championships, the track team to conference wins, and still holds the high jump record with a jump of 5'5" which she achieved her sophomore year. She also placed 9th at the Indiana Track State Finals her senior year in high jump. Nicole graduated from Plymouth High School in 2003 with an academic honors diploma, being in the top 12% of her class, was awarded many scholarships including the presidential scholarship from Ball State University, and was even voted "Most Likely to be a Rockstar" by her class.
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Niels Kaj Jerne
Niels Kaj Jerne, FRS (December 23, 1911 – October 7, 1994) was a Danish immunologist. He shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1984 with Georges J. F. Köhler and César Milstein "[f]or theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies".
Jerne is known for three significant ideas. First, instead of the body creating antibodies in response to an antigen, Jerne postulated that the immune system already has the specific antibodies it needs to fight antigens. Second, it was known that the immune system learns to be tolerant to the individual's own self. Jerne postulated that this learning took place in the thymus. Third, it was known that T cells and B cells communicate with each other. Jerne's network theory proposed that the active sites of antibodies were attracted to both specific antigens (idiotypes) and to other antibodies that were bound to the same site. The antibodies were in balance, until an antigen disturbed the balance, creating an immune reaction.
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Nikki Sanderson
Nikki Ann Sanderson (born 28 March 1984 in Bury, Greater Manchester) is an English actress and glamour model who is best known for playing Candice Stowe in the television soap opera Coronation Street and Dawn Bellamy in ITV's Heartbeat. During her time at Coronation Street and since, she has also forged a career as a glamour model and television presenter on programmes such as CD:UK, Junior Eurovision and Ministry of Mayhem.
Sanderson joined Coronation Street in 1999 and left in autumn 2005, when her character left Weatherfield to become a stylist for Status Quo. Prior to this, she had appeared in children's drama Children's Ward and in 2004, the hit fitness DVD Coronation Street - Funk fit.
Since leaving Coronation Street she has appeared in episodes of the BBC television series' Holby City and New Street Law alongside fellow Coronation Street alumni Chris Gascoyne and Chris Bisson. British newspaper the Daily Express stated that she was in the running[citation needed] to replace Billie Piper as the Doctor's companion in Doctor Who, however Freema Agyeman was chosen for the role. In 2006, Sanderson appeared in a touring production of The Vagina Monologues with Jerry Hall amongst others and an episode of Kay Mellor's Strictly Confidential.
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Nikolai Pokotylo
Nikolai Pokotylo (Rus: Николай Покотыло) (born May 25 1984 in Öskemen, Kazakh SSR, Soviet Union (present Kazakhstan)) is a singer who rose to popularity after placing fifth in SuperStar KZ, the Kazakh version of Pop Idol, shown by Perviy Kanal Evraziya.
Nikolai advanced to the finals with the highest amount of votes during the Wildcards round.
Nicki lives with his mother Tatyana & sister Anyuta.
Musical influences: Sting.
Favourite actors: Charlie Chaplin & Meg Ryan.
Semi Finals:
Wildcards:
Top 12: You
Top 11: Лейла by Nurlan & Murat
Top 10: Про Зайцев
Top 9: Unchained Melody by The Righteous Brothers
Top 8: Джулия
Top 7: You're My Heart, You're My Soul by Modern Talking
Top 6: Паромщик
Top 5: Every Time
Top 5: No Matter What by Boyzone
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Nora Jane Noone
Nora-Jane Noone (born March 8, 1984) is an Irish film and television actress best known for her role in The Magdalene Sisters, where she played Bernadette.
Noone trained for two years at the Performing Arts School in Galway, and is a proficient musician (piano to Grade 7 level) and dancer. Her previous acting role before The Magdalene Sisters was as Jan in a secondary school production of "Grease".
Nora-Jane Noone made her professional movie debut playing the leading role of Bernadette in Peter Mullan's film The Magdalene Sisters. As the movie won the Best Film prize in the 2002 Venice Film Festival, and was nominated as Best British Picture at the British Academy Film Awards, Noone also won Best Actress in an Ensemble Role at the British Independent Film Awards and was nominated for best newcomer that year. She has also been nominated for best supporting actress in 2005 and 2010 at the Irish Film and Television Awards.
Noone also co-starred in The Descent and Doomsday, both directed by Neil Marshall, Speed Dating and Ella Enchanted. Other work includes the short films News for the Church written and directed by Andrew McCarthy and The Listener directed by Michael Chang. Noone also recorded Walking at Ringsend for BBC Radio 4. In 2008, Noone appeareared in Beyond the Rave and Insatiable.
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Nuno Morais
Nuno Miguel Barbosa Morais (born 29 January 1984 in Penafiel) is a Portuguese footballer who plays for APOEL F.C. in Cyprus. Mainly a defensive midfielder, he can also appear as a central defender.
Morais started his career at hometown F.C. Penafiel, but in August 2004 was signed by England's Chelsea for an undisclosed fee, in a three-year contract after a successful trial period. He made his Chelsea debut in an FA Cup victory over Scunthorpe United in January 2005, playing the full 90 minutes.
However, Morais found first-team opportunities limited, spending most of the time with the reserves, and was loaned to C.S. Marítimo in the 2005–06 season, alongside compatriot Filipe Oliveira. In that summer, he appeared twice for the Portuguese under-21s at the 2006 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship on home soil, with Oliveira.
Returning to Chelsea, he only appeared twice in the league, totalling less than twenty minutes in home draws against Manchester United and Everton F.C. combined. On 11 May 2007, Morais signed a two-year deal with Cypriot champions APOEL FC, on a free transfer.
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Obafemi Martins
Obafemi Akinwunmi Martins (born 28 October 1984) is a Nigerian footballer who plays as a striker for Rubin Kazan and the Nigeria national team. He is known for his speed on the ball. After leaving Nigeria for Italy at age 16, he has since played for a number of top-division clubs around Europe. He began his senior career in 2002 at the Italian Serie A club Inter Milan, before moving to the English Premier League club Newcastle in 2006, and then the German Bundesliga club Wolfsburg in 2009. Having joined Russian Premier League side Rubin Kazan in July 2010, they loaned him to Birmingham City in January 2011.
In club football, Martins has won the Italian Serie A title, the Italian Cup (twice), and the Super Cup, all with Inter. With Birmingham he scored the winning goal in the 2011 Football League Cup Final. He has played European football with Inter, Newcastle and Wolfsburg, winning the UEFA Intertoto Cup with Newcastle. His highest scoring league seasons so far have seen him score 11 goals in both the 2004–05 Serie A, and 2006–07 English Premier League. In international football, Martins has been in the Nigerian squad for the Africa Cup of Nations in 2006, 2008 and 2010, and for the FIFA World Cup in 2010.
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Olivia Hallinan
Olivia Hallinan (born 20 January 1984) is an English actress best known for her role as Laura Timmins in the BBC TV series Lark Rise to Candleford and also as Kim in the critically acclaimed Sugar Rush. She also starred as Ellie in Girls in Love.
Hallinan is the second youngest of four sisters. She is from Twickenham, west London. Hallinan began training at her mother's Saturday Drama School All Expressions in Teddington when she was 11, and then went on to professional acting. After attending St Catherine's School in Twickenham, and Notting Hill & Ealing High School, in Ealing, Hallinan went on to study English and Drama at the University of Manchester.
Hallinan has appeared in over 100 productions since the age of seven. Her first professional role was playing alongside Cilla Black in a 1991 production of Jack and the Beanstalk. Since then, she has in theatre, radio, film and on television shows including The Bill, Holby City, My Family, Julia Jekyll and Harriet Hyde and Granada TV's, Girls in Love.
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Olivia Wilde
Olivia Wilde (born Olivia Jane Cockburn; /ˈkoʊbərn/; March 10, 1984) is an actress and fashion model. Born in the United States, she has both Irish and American citizenship. Wilde began acting in the early 2000s, and has since appeared in a number of television and film productions, including her roles in the dramas The O.C., The Black Donnellys, and House M.D., and had starring roles in films Tron: Legacy, Cowboys & Aliens, and In Time.
Wilde was born in New York City. Her mother, Leslie Cockburn (née Redlich), is an American-born 60 Minutes producer and journalist. Her father, Andrew Myles Cockburn, a journalist, was born in London, England, to British parents, and raised in Ireland; her uncles Alexander Cockburn and Patrick Cockburn are also journalists. Her older sister, Chloe Cockburn, is a civil rights attorney in New York; her aunt, Sarah Caudwell, was a writer, and her paternal grandfather, Claud Cockburn, was a novelist and journalist.
Her father's upper-class British ancestors lived in several countries during the height of colonialism and the British Empire, including Peking, China (where her paternal grandfather was born), Calcutta and Bombay, India, Cairo, Egypt, and Tasmania, Australia (one of her paternal great-great-grandfathers, Henry Arthur Blake, was Governor of Hong Kong). Wilde's father's ancestors include abolitionist and Anglican minister James Ramsay, politician George Arbuthnot, lawyer, judge, and literary figure Henry Cockburn, Lord Cockburn, Lord Provost of Edinburgh Sir William Arbuthnot, 1st Baronet, and Sir Thomas Osborne, 9th Baronet. Wilde's ancestry consists of English, Scottish, Irish, and German.
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Orsi Kocsis
Orsi Kocsis (pronounced “OR-she KO-chish”; given birth name Orsolya “or-SHOL-yah”) is a Hungarian fashion, glamour, and art nude model and was 2005's Hungarian Playmate of the Year, which she won by audience election as a special prize. She has also been featured as a cover girl on Maxim, CKM and Penthouse.
Orsolya (Orsi) Kocsis was born in Debrecen, Hungary on September 6, 1984
Kocsis grew up as an only girl among younger male cousins and two brothers, Zoltan and Imre Kocsis. As a youth and teenager she was a tomboy since she was the only girl amongst neighborhood boys.
Kocsis moved to Budapest at 19 to attend the Heller Farkas College of Tourism Management program, where she improved her foreign language skills and obtained a Bachelor's Degree in Tourism and Hospitality via their correspondence program. She speaks Hungarian, German and English.
Kocsis' modeling career began shortly after being discovered sitting in a hair salon by a photographer. Initially, she signed with the Budapest-based Starface Model Management. Orsi currently uses Open Casting KFT and ArtModels.hu as her modeling agencies.
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Oskar Seidlin
Oskar Seidlin (February 17, 1911 – December 11, 1984); German-born American literary scholar, poet, and writer of children’s stories. He is also said to have co‑authored several detective novels or Kriminalromane in collaboration with Dieter Cunz and Richard Plant (1910–1998, his lover) under the collective pen‑name of Stefan Brockhoff.
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Oskar Werner
Oskar Werner (13 November 1922 – 23 October 1984) was an Austrian actor. He is best known for his film performances in Jules and Jim (1962), Ship of Fools (1965), The Spy Who Came in from the Cold (1965), Fahrenheit 451 (1966), and The Shoes of the Fisherman (1968). Werner received an Academy Award nomination in 1966, two BAFTA award nominations in 1966 and 1967, and won a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor in 1966.
Born Oskar Josef Bschließmayer on 13 November 1922 in Vienna, Werner spent much of his childhood in the care of his grandmother, who entertained him with stories about the Burgtheater, the Austrian state theatre, where he was accepted at the age of eighteen by Lothar Müthel. He was the youngest person ever to receive this recognition. He made his theatre debut using the stage name Oskar Werner in October 1941.
In December 1941, Werner was drafted into the Wehrmacht. As a pacifist and staunch opponent of Nazism, he was determined to avoid advancement in the military.
He was assigned to peeling potatoes and cleaning latrines instead of being sent to the Eastern Front. In 1944, he secretly married actress Elisabeth Kallina, who was half-Jewish.[citation needed] They immediately had a daughter, Eleanore. That December, he deserted the Wehrmacht and fled with his wife and daughter to the Wienerwald, where they remained in hiding until the end of the war. He would later remember, "The artillery fire was constant for two and a half days. The shells hit all around our little hut and it was shaking like a leaf ... We knew that to go out there would be suicide, but it was better than to have to wait for execution."
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Oussama Mellouli
Oussama "Ous" Mellouli (Arabic: أسامة الملولي; born February 16, 1984) is a Tunisian swimmer who competes in the freestyle and medley events. He currently is an African Record holder, and trains with the USA club based at the University of Southern California, where he went to school and swam, collegiately.
Oussama Mellouli became the 1500 m freestyle World champion at the 2009 World Aquatics Championships with a winning time of 14'37"28, second best performance of all time. Mellouli is the gold medalist in the 1500 freestyle at the 2008 Olympics. Mellouli tested positive in a 2006 drug test, after which his performances in the 2007 World Championships were nullified.
Born in Tunis, Mellouli left Tunisia at the age of 15 to study at the College of Rampart in Marseilles, France. After his graduation, he continued his studies at the University of Southern California and swam for the USC Trojans. He is a scholarship holder with the Olympic Solidarity program.
He first established himself on the world scene at the 2003 World Championships in Barcelona, Spain with a bronze-medal performance in the 400m Individual Medley.
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Palestinian people
The Palestinian people, (Arabic: الشعب الفلسطيني, ash-sha‘b al-Filasṭīnī) also referred to as Palestinians (Arabic: الفلسطينيون, al-Filasṭīniyyūn), are descendants of the peoples who have lived in Palestine over the centuries. Today, Palestinians are largely culturally and linguistically Arab. Despite various wars and exoduses, roughly one half of the world's Palestinian population continues to reside in the area encompassing the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, and Israel. In this combined area, as of 2004, Palestinians constituted 49% of all inhabitants, encompassing the entire population of the Gaza Strip (1.6 million), the majority of the population of the West Bank (approximately 2.3 million versus close to 500,000 Jewish Israeli citizens which includes about 200,000 in East Jerusalem), and 16.5% of the population of Israel proper as Arab citizens of Israel.
Throughout the aforementioned combined area, many are Palestinian refugees or internally displaced Palestinians, including more than a million in the Gaza Strip, three-quarters of a million in the West Bank,, and about a quarter of a million in Israel proper. Of the Palestinian population who live abroad, making up what is known as the Palestinian diaspora, more than half of these are stateless refugees lacking citizenship in any country. About 2.6 million of the diaspora population live in neighboring Jordan where they make up approximately half the population, 1.5 million live between Syria and Lebanon, a quarter of a million in Saudi Arabia, with Chile's half a million representing the largest concentration outside the Arab world.
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Park Bom
Park Bom (Korean: 박봄, Japanese: パク・ボム) (born March 24, 1984), is a South Korean idol singer. Born in Seoul, South Korea, she eventually moved to the United States where she learned English. She is currently a member and main vocalist of girl-group 2NE1 which is signed to YG Entertainment.
Starting in 2006, Park recorded with labelmates Big Bang, Lexy, Masta Wu and starred with Lee Hyori in her CF, "Anystar" as a co-actress. Later in 2008, she starred as the lead actress in Kim Ji Eun's music video, "Tell Me Once More". In 2009, she debuted with 2NE1 as the main vocalist.
Up till now, Park has released two solo singles, namely "You and I" and "Don't Cry". "You and I" reached number one on the Gaon Chart, the national music chart of Korea. The song also won "Best Digital Single" the Mnet Asian Music Awards in 2010.
Park Bom was born in Seoul, South Korea as a second daughter. In 6th grade, she left Korea by herself to study abroad in the United States. She graduated high school from Gould Academy in Bethel, ME and enrolled into Lesley University with a major in psychology. As a high school student, she fell in love with music through Mariah Carey. She would listen to Mariah Carey's songs during lunch and even forget to eat. She wanted to pursue it as a career but she did not obtain permission from her parents. However, with encouragement from her aunt, she secretly transferred to Berklee College of Music to pursue her music career.
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Patrick Stump
Patrick Vaughn Stump (born Patrick Martin Stumph on April 27, 1984) is an American singer-songwriter, composer, record producer, and music critic. He was the composer, lead singer, and multi-instrumentalist of Fall Out Boy, an American rock band from Wilmette, Illinois, and is now a solo artist. Stump has been credited for being a soulful vocalist suitable for R&B, as well as one of the best voices in pop punk, according to Billboard. With Fall Out Boy he placed singles in the top 10 of the US Billboard Hot 100 and their 2007 album Infinity on High reached No. 1 on the Billboard 200, with two more albums peaking in the top 10. The band toured extensively since their early days and have performed over 1300 shows since their inception in 2001. He has collaborated with an extensive lists of artists and has produced albums for other artists including Cobra Starship and Gym Class Heroes.
Since Fall Out Boy's late 2009 hiatus he embarked on a solo project and released his debut solo album, Soul Punk, on October 18, 2011; on which he wrote all the songs, played all the instruments, as well as handling production and self-funding it. It served as an outlet for the music that he could not make with Fall Out Boy; he intends for the band to make more music in the future, but without set parameters. A remix of "This City" was released as the first single to iTunes and a music video has been created. Soul Punk garnered a generally positive critical reception, with critics praising Stump's musical direction, musicianship and creativity.
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Paul Dano
Paul Franklin Dano (born June 19, 1984) is an American actor and producer. He has appeared in films such as L.I.E. (2001), Too Young to Be a Dad (2002), Little Miss Sunshine (2006), There Will Be Blood (2007), and Gigantic (2008).
Dano was born in New York City, the son of Gladys (née Pipp) and Paul Dano. He spent the first few years of his childhood in New York City and initially attended the Browning School, while his father worked as a businessman in New York.
While he was still a child, Dano's family moved from New York to New Canaan, Connecticut, finally settling in Wilton, Connecticut, where Dano continued his education at Wilton High School, graduating in 2002 to further attend Eugene Lang College in New York, NY.
As a child he was involved in community theatre, and while performing in New Canaan his parents were encouraged to take him to New York City. At age 10, he was quickly scouted for roles in plays on Broadway, making his debut at age 12 in a revival of Inherit the Wind along with George C. Scott and Charles Durning. At age 17, Dano acted in his first major film role as Howie in L.I.E.
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Paul Dirac
Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac, OM, FRS ( /dɪˈræk/ di-RAK; 8 August 1902 – 20 October 1984) was an English theoretical physicist who made fundamental contributions to the early development of both quantum mechanics and quantum electrodynamics. He held the Lucasian Chair of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge, was a member of the Center for Theoretical Studies, University of Miami, and spent the last decade of his life at Florida State University.
Among other discoveries, he formulated the Dirac equation, which describes the behaviour of fermions, and predicted the existence of antimatter.
Dirac shared the Nobel Prize in Physics for 1933 with Erwin Schrödinger, "for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory."
Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac was born at his parents' home in Bristol, England, on 8 August 1902, and grew up in the Bishopston area of the city. His father, Charles Adrien Ladislas Dirac, was an immigrant from Saint-Maurice in the Canton of Valais, Switzerland, who worked in Bristol as a French teacher. His mother, Florence Hannah Dirac, née Holten, the daughter of a ship's captain, was born in Cornwall and worked as a librarian at the Bristol Central Library. Paul had a younger sister, Béatrice Isabelle Marguerite, known as Betty, and an older brother, Reginald Charles Félix, known as Felix, who committed suicide in March 1925. Dirac later recalled: "My parents were terribly distressed. I didn't know they cared so much. /.../ I never knew that parents were supposed to care for their children, but from then on I knew."
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Paul Felix Schmidt
Paul Felix Schmidt (20 August 1916 – 11 August 1984) was an Estonian chess International Master, chess writer, and chemist.
In June 1935, he won, ahead of Paul Keres, at Tallinn. In May 1936, he drew a match against Keres (+3 –3 =1) at Pärnu. In 1936, he won the 8th Estonian Championship at Tallinn. In December 1936, he placed 2nd, behind Keres, at Tallinn. In July 1937, he won Estonia’s first-ever international tournament at Pärnu, ahead of two world title contenders, Salo Flohr and Keres, as well as Gideon Stahlberg. In 1937, he won at Tallinn (9th EST–ch).
In August 1937, he played for Estonia (2nd board) at the 7th Chess Olympiad in Stockholm (+4 –4 =8). In June 1938, he tied for 8th-10th at Noordwijk. The event was won by Erich Eliskases. In August–September 1939, he played for Estonia (3rd board) at the 8th Chess Olympiad at Buenos Aires (+2 –5 =6). Estonia took 3rd place, behind Germany and Poland.
Schmidt emigrated from Estonia to Germany in the autumn of 1939. In August 1940, he took 2nd, behind Georg Kieninger, at Bad Oeynhausen (7th GER–ch). In August 1941, he tied for 1st with Klaus Junge at Bad Oeynhausen (8th GER–ch). In 1941, he won a play-off match for the German championship against Junge (+3 –0 =1) at Bromberg. In October 1941, he tied for 1st with Alexander Alekhine at Krakow/Warsaw (the 2nd General Government chess tournament). In June 1942, he tied for 3rd-4th with Junge, behind Alekhine and Keres, at Salzburg. In June 1943, he took 3rd, behind Keres and Alekhine, at Salzburg. In August 1943, he took 2nd, behind Josef Lokvenc, at Vienna (10th GER–ch).
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Paul Francis Webster
Paul Francis Webster (December 20, 1907 – March 18, 1984) was an American lyricist who won three Academy Awards for Best Song and was nominated sixteen times for the award.
He was born in New York City, the son of Myron Lawrence Webster and Blanche Pauline Stonehill Webster. He attended the Horace Mann School (Riverdale, Bronx, New York), graduating in 1926, and then went to Cornell University from 1927 to 1928 and New York University from 1928 to 1930, leaving without receiving a degree. He served in the United States Navy and then became a dance instructor at a studio in New York City. By 1931, however, he turned his career direction to writing song lyrics. His first professional lyric was Masquerade (music by John Jacob Loeb) which became a hit in 1932, performed by Paul Whiteman.
In 1935 Twentieth Century Fox signed him to a contract to write lyrics for Shirley Temple's films, but shortly afterward he went back to freelance writing. His first hit was a collaboration in 1941 with Duke Ellington on the song "I Got It Bad (And That Ain't Good)".
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Peggy Ann Garner
Peggy Ann Garner (February 3, 1932 – October 16, 1984) was an American actress.
A successful child actor, Garner played her first film role in 1938 and won the Academy Juvenile Award for her work in A Tree Grows in Brooklyn (1945). Featured roles in such films as Black Widow (1954) did not further her attempts to establish herself in mature film roles, and although she progressed to theatrical work, she made relatively few acting appearances as an adult.
Born in Canton, Ohio, Garner's mother pushed her into the limelight and entered her in talent quests while Garner was still a child. By 1938 she had made her first film appearance, and over the next few years she appeared in several more films, including Jane Eyre (1943) and The Keys of the Kingdom (1944). She reached the height of her success at the age of 13 in A Tree Grows in Brooklyn (1945), winning an Academy Juvenile Award largely on the basis of this performance.
Like many child performers, Garner was unable to make a successful transition into adult film roles. She guest-starred steadily in television roles, beginning in the early 1950s and continuing through the 1960s. She was a regular panelist on the NBC series Who Said That?, along with H. V. Kaltenborn and Boris Karloff. After her film career ended, she ventured into stage acting and had some success but also worked as a real estate agent and fleet-car executive between acting jobs in order to support herself. In 1978, she surprised film audiences after a decade away from any feature film when she appeared as the pregnant aunt of the bride 'Candice Ruteledge' in the critically acclaimed ensemble Robert Altman film, "A Wedding", in 1978. Her final screen performance was a small part in a made-for-television feature, "This Year's Blonde", in 1980.
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Peter Lawford
Peter Sydney Ernest Aylen (7 September 1923 – 24 December 1984), better known as Peter Lawford, was an English-American actor.
He was a member of the "Rat Pack" and brother-in-law to US President John F. Kennedy, perhaps more noted in later years for his off-screen activities as a celebrity than for his acting. In his earlier professional years (late 1930s through the 1950s) he had a strong presence in popular culture and starred in a number of highly acclaimed films.
Born in London in 1923, he was the only child of Lieutenant-General Sir Sydney Turing Barlow Lawford KBE (1865-1953) and May Aylen (née May Sommerville Bunny, 1883-1972). At the time of Lawford's birth, however, his mother was married to her second husband, Dr. Capt. Ernest Vaughn Aylen, one of Sir Sidney's officers, while his father was married to the former Muriel Williams. After Peter's birth, his mother confessed to Aylen that the child was not his, a revelation that resulted in a double divorce. Sir Sydney and May Aylen then wed in September 1924, after their divorces were finalized and when their son was one year old.
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Pham Van Quyen
Phạm Văn Quyến (born April 29, 1984) is a Vietnamese footballer, currently playing for Vietnamese club Sông Lam Nghệ An of V-League as well as Vietnam national football team. Since his days as a Vietnamese U-16 international, Quyến was considered one of the most promising young players in Vietnam and a worthy successor to Vietnam legend Le Huynh Đuc. Quyến is known for his pace, driblling ability, and shot accuracy. He was a free kick specialist in the Vietnam National Team.
Phạm Văn Quyến was a part of the U-23 Vietnamese football team at the SEA Games 23 in Philippines. He and several players of the team were arrested for alleged gambling and match-fixing scandals. In January, 2007, it was decided that Quyến would be sentenced to 2 years in prison, ending the Vietnamese faithfuls' hope of him becoming a star player. Also, Vietnam Football Federation (VFF) decided to ban him from all domestic competition for four years. However, it is rumored that he can return as soon as 2008, if he shows good progress during the banning period. Since the start of V-League 2009, Quyen was able to play in all Domestic match and he has scored eight goals since then.
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Pierre Trudeau
Joseph Philippe Pierre Yves Elliott Trudeau CC, CH, PC, QC, FSRC ( /truːˈdoʊ/; French pronunciation: [tʁydo]; October 18, 1919 – September 28, 2000), usually known as Pierre Trudeau or Pierre Elliott Trudeau, was the 15th Prime Minister of Canada from April 20, 1968 to June 4, 1979, and again from March 3, 1980 to June 30, 1984.
Trudeau began his political career campaigning for socialist ideals, but he eventually joined the Liberal Party of Canada when he entered federal politics in the 1960s. He was appointed as Lester Pearson's Parliamentary Secretary, and later became his Minister of Justice. From his base in Montreal, Trudeau took control of the Liberal Party and became a charismatic leader, inspiring "Trudeaumania". From the late 1960s until the mid-1980s, he dominated the Canadian political scene and aroused passionate reactions. "Reason before passion" was his personal motto. He retired from politics in 1984, and John Turner succeeded him as Prime Minister.
Admirers praise the force of Trudeau's intellect and they salute his political acumen in preserving national unity against Quebec separatists, suppressing a violent revolt, and establishing the Charter of Rights and Freedoms within Canada's constitution. Critics accuse him of arrogance, economic mismanagement, and unduly favouring the federal government relative to the provinces, especially in trying to control the oil wealth of the Prairies.
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Quinton Aaron
Quinton Aaron (born August 15, 1984) is an American actor whose first lead role was as Michael Oher in the 2009 film The Blind Side.
Aaron was born in the Bronx, New York City and was raised in Augusta, Georgia by his mother, late Laura Aaron, who was the author of a book named Leave Me Alone (published by AuthorHouse under her alias L.A. Aaron). Quinton began singing at an early age. At the age of 9, Quinton was baptized and he joined the church choir as a mute singer,[clarification needed] where he often led songs. He made his acting debut in a Christmas play.
Aaron made his film debut as "The Lion King guy" in Michel Gondry's Be Kind Rewind, starring Mos Def and Jack Black. He has also appeared in Fighting with Channing Tatum and Terrance Howard and co-starred in a NYU thesis short film called Mr. Brooklyn with Al Thompson (Liberty Kid, A Walk To Remember), directed by Jason Sokoloff.
Aaron has appeared in two episodes of a TV show named Law & Order (Season 17; episode "Bling" as a bodyguard and episode "Fallout" as a bouncer).
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Quirino Cristiani
Quirino Cristiani (July 2, 1896 – August 2, 1984) was an Argentine animation director and cartoonist, responsible for the world's first two animated feature films as well as the first animated feature film with sound, even though the only copies of these two films were lost in a fire. He is also the first person to create animation solely using cardboard cutouts.
Cristiani was born on July 2, 1896, in Santa Giuletta, Italy. His family moved to Buenos Aires, Argentina, in 1900, and Quirino spent his childhood soaking up the fast pace and left-leaning politics of the great southern metropolis. He came to consider himself a porteño first (as the natives of the port of Buenos Aires called themselves) and an Argentine second.
As a teenager, he developed a passion for drawing, which led him through a brief course with the Academy of Fine Arts to the publication of political caricatures for the city newspapers. Soon the perfect target for his satire presented himself.
The national elections of 1916 peacefully ended the thirty-six-year-long rule of the Conservative party and placed Radical party leader Hipólito Yrigoyen in the President's seat. Yrigoyen favored the lower middle class, especially in Buenos Aires, and granted unprecedented freedom to the press. The press in response turned on him, mocking his social awkwardness, his replacement of Conservative corruption with Radical corruption in the government, and his decision to keep Argentina out of World War I, a decision that was unpopular with the germanophile Argentine military. He was soon dubbed "Peludo" ("shaggy") for his lack of personal grooming (with the additional slang meaning of "idiot").
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Rachael Taylor
Rachael Taylor (born 11 July 1984) is an Australian actress and model. She made her leading role debut in the short-lived Australian program headLand. She then made the transition to Hollywood, appearing in the films Transformers, Shutter, and Splinterheads.
Taylor was born in Launceston, Tasmania, the daughter of Christine and Nigel Taylor. She attended Riverside High School. Taylor had wanted to be an actress since she was a child, performing in many school plays.
Taylor modelled for Skye-Jilly International and competed successfully in the State finals of Miss Teen Tasmania. She has appeared in a number of American productions – such as television movies about Natalie Wood and the making of Dynasty (where she played Catherine Oxenberg), and the horror movies Man-thing and See No Evil. Taylor played Sasha Forbes on the short-lived Australian drama series headLand. On 3 April 2006, she was nominated for a Logie Award for Most Popular New Female Talent for her role on headLand. Her most prominent role to date was as "Maggie", a signals analyst, in the 2007 Transformers, where she appeared alongside Megan Fox and Shia LaBeouf. Taylor confirmed that she would not be returning for the Transformers sequel.
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Rahimuddin Khan
Rahimuddin Khan Afridi (Pashto, Urdu: رحیم الدین خان آفریدی; born 21 July 1926) is a retired four-star general of the Pakistan Army. He was the fourth Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee, from 1984 to 1987, and the longest-serving Governor of Balochistan, from 1978 to when he resigned in 1984. He was involved in ending the 1973-1977 operation in Balochistan and pursuing new development, as well as allegedly suppressing incoming Mujahideen during the Soviet war in Afghanistan. Rahimuddin later served as Governor of Sindh in 1988, from which he also resigned.
Rahimuddin Khan was born in Kaimganj, Farrukhabad, United Provinces India, in the Pashtun Afridi tribes that migrated from Kohat in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. He attended Jamia Millia Islamia University, founded in Delhi by his relative Zakir Hussain, the third President of India. Rahimuddin opted for Pakistan during Partition in 1947, enrolling in the Pakistan Army as the first Gentleman Cadet of the Pakistan Military Academy. As captain, he helped enforce martial law in Lahore during the 1953 Lahore riots. He attended Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, and Command and Staff College in Quetta. He was hospitalized months before the Indo-Pakistani war of 1965 with a broken ankle. In 1969, he was appointed sub-martial law administrator to Hyderabad by General Yahya Khan.
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Raica Oliveira
Raica Oliveira (born January 22, 1984) is a Brazilian model known for her work with numerous companies, including Emanuel Ungaro, Dior, Dolce & Gabbana, Yves Saint Laurent, Vogue, Chanel, Lancome, Victoria's Secret, Pepe Jeans, Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue, JLO, H&M, Elle, Marie Claire, TNG, Ann Taylor and XOXO. As of 2008, she has been working as a fashion reporter for Jornal Record.
She resides in Manhattan, New York City.
Oliveira was born in Niterói, Brazil, the youngest of three children. She has two brothers: Givago (an economist) and Pablo (a lawyer). She graduated from the Sao Vicente de Paula school in Niteroi.
Before becoming a model, she practiced bodyboarding. She dreamed of becoming a model since she was ten years old. Oliveira was discovered by the same agent who discovered Gisele Bündchen, Sergio Mattos.
In 1999, Oliveira entered the Elite Model Look contest in Brazil and beat 30,000 girls for the top prize. She was sent to Nice, France, for the final international competition, where she placed second. Soon thereafter, she moved to New York with her mother Conceição de Oliveira to try to build her career.[citation needed]
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Rainie Yang
Rainie Yang (traditional Chinese: 楊丞琳; simplified Chinese: 杨丞琳; pinyin: Yáng Chénglín; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Iû Sêng-lîm), born June 4th, 1984, is a Taiwanese singer who has won multiple awards, Golden Bell Awards actress and talk show host.
Yang began her career in 2000, as a member of Taiwanese quartet girl group 4 in Love, where she was given the stage name of Rainie, matching the weather theme of each member. The group's popularity in the music industry was mediocre and they achieved limited success. After the group disbanded in 2002, Yang continued to pursue a career in the entertainment industry as a TV host, hosting shows such as "Guess Guess Guess" variety show. After playing supporting roles in several Taiwanese dramas, including the Meteor Garden, she landed the lead role, as Qi Yue, in the CTV drama Devil Beside You opposite Mike He in 2005. Devil Beside You was well received, allowing Yang's career to take off. The same year, she released her debut album, My Intuition, featuring her hit "曖昧" (Intuition) as the theme song of Devil Beside You and 理想情人" (Ideal Lover) as an insert songs of Devil Beside You.
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Rajiv Gandhi
Rajiv Ratna Gandhi /ˈrɑːdʒiːv ˈɡɑːndiː/ ( pronunciation (help·info); 20 August 1944 – 21 May 1991) was the sixth Prime Minister of India (1984–1989). He took office after his mother's assassination on 31 October 1984; he himself was assassinated on 21 May 1991. He became the youngest Prime Minister of India when he took office at the age of 40.
Rajiv Gandhi was the eldest son of Indira and Feroze Gandhi. He went to study at Trinity College, Cambridge, and later at Imperial College London, but did not complete a degree at either. At Cambridge he met the Italian-born Antonia Albina Maino, then a waitress in a restaurant, whom he later married. After dropping out of university, he became a professional pilot for Indian Airlines. He remained aloof from politics, despite his family's political prominence. It was only following the death of his younger brother Sanjay Gandhi in 1980 that Rajiv entered politics. Following the assassination of his mother in 1984 after Operation Blue Star, the Indian National Congress party leaders nominated him to be Prime Minister.
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Rakesh Sharma
Wing Commander Rakesh Sharma, AC, Hero of the Soviet Union, (born January 13, 1949) is a former Indian Air Force test pilot, and Cosmonaut aboard Soyuz T-11 as part of an Intercosmos Research Team. Sharma was the first Indian to travel in space.
Rakesh Sharma was born in 1949 in [[Patiala], Punjab, India in a Hindu gaur Brahmin family and was schooled at St. George's Grammar School (Hyderabad) & Kendriya Vidyalaya Tirumalagiri, Hyderabad. He joined the NDA as an Air Force cadet in July 1966. He was commissioned into the Indian Air Force as a Pilot Officer in 1970. In 1971 operations against Pakistan, he flew various missions in his MiG aircraft with distinction.
Sharma joined the Indian Air Force and progressed rapidly through the ranks. Sharma, then a Squadron Leader and pilot with the Indian Air Force embarked on a historic mission in 1984 as part of a joint space program between the Indian Space Research Organisation and the Soviet Intercosmos space program, and spent eight days in space aboard the Salyut 7 space station. Launched along with two Soviet cosmonauts aboard Soyuz T-11 on the 3 April 1984, was 35-year-old Sharma. During the flight, Sharma conducted multi-spectral photography of northern India in anticipation of the construction of hydroelectric power stations in the Himalayas. In a famous conversation, he was asked by the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi how India looked from space, to which he replied, ''Main binaa jhijhak ke keh sakta hoon.., Sare Jahan Se Achcha" (a reference to an iconic poem used in India's freedom struggle, usually referred to as 'Saare jahaan se achha Hindustan haamara, ' our land of Hindustan, is the Best in the world').
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Randall Munroe
Randall Patrick Munroe (born October 17, 1984) is an American webcomic author and former NASA roboticist as well as a programmer, best known as the creator of the webcomic xkcd. He and the webcomic have developed a cult following, and he is one of a small but growing group of professional webcomic artists.
Munroe was a fan of the funny pages from an early age, starting off with Calvin and Hobbes. After graduating from the Chesterfield County Mathematics and Science High School at Clover Hill: A Renaissance Program, he graduated from Christopher Newport University in 2006 with a degree in physics. Munroe worked as an independent contractor for NASA at the Langley Research Center before and after his graduation. In October 2006 NASA did not renew his contract and he began to write xkcd full-time. He now supports himself by the sale of xkcd related merchandise. The webcomic quickly became very popular, garnering up to 70 million hits a month by October 2007.
He has also toured the lecture circuit, giving speeches at such places as Google's Googleplex in Mountain View, California.
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Rashad McCants
Rashad Dion McCants (born September 25, 1984) is an American professional basketball player.
McCants began his high school career at Erwin High School in Asheville, but finished at New Hampton School in New Hampton, New Hampshire. He led New Hampton to the 2002 New England Prep School Class A championship and was named MVP of the title game. McCants played alongside future college teammate Wes Miller during his senior season.
McCants was an honor roll student at New Hampton. He also won the New Hampshire Player of the Year Award in 2001 and 2002. And, as a senior, he was also named to the Parade All-American and McDonald's All-American Teams. He played in the McDonald's All-American Game with future Tar Heel teammates Raymond Felton and Sean May.
Alongside Sean May, Raymond Felton, and David Noel, McCants joined a stellar recruiting class at UNC for the 2002–2003 season, coached by Matt Doherty. In his freshman year, McCants led the Tar Heels in scoring with 17.5 points per game, and led them to a third round loss to Georgetown in the National Invitational Tournament. He was voted to the All-Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) rookie team.
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Ray Kroc
Raymond Albert "Ray" Kroc (October 5, 1902 – January 14, 1984) was an American businessman who joined McDonald's in 1954 and built it into the most successful fast food operation in the world. Kroc was included in Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century, and amassed a fortune during his lifetime. He owned the San Diego Padres baseball team from 1974 until his death in 1984.Similar to another fast-food giant, KFC founder Harlan Sanders, Kroc's success came late in life when he was past his 50th birthday.
Kroc was born to parents of Czech origin in Oak Park, near Chicago, on October 5, 1902. His father originated from the village Břasy near Plzeň, Bohemia (now the Czech Republic). He grew up and spent most of his life in Oak Park, Illinois. During the First World War he lied about his age and became a Red Cross ambulance driver at 15. During the war, Kroc served in the same regiment as Walt Disney. Between the end of the war and the early 1950s he tried his hand at a number of trades including paper cup salesman, pianist, jazz musician, band member and radio DJ at Oak Park radio station WGES. At one time, Ray worked for room and board at one of Ray Dambaugh's restaurants in the midwest to learn the restaurant business. Years later, he returned the favor by coming to Ray Dambaugh's funeral in Evans City, Pennsylvania to pay his respects. He eventually became a multi-mixer milkshake machine salesman, traveling across the country
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Raymond Felton
Raymond Bernard Felton, Jr. (born June 26, 1984 in Marion, South Carolina) is an American professional basketball player who currently plays for the Portland Trail Blazers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). A point guard, Felton is listed at 6'1 and 205 lbs. Felton played college basketball for the North Carolina under head coach Roy Williams. At North Carolina, Felton led the Tar Heels to a national championship before declaring for the NBA Draft. Felton was drafted 5th overall in the 2005 NBA Draft. Over his career, Felton has been a member of the Charlotte Bobcats, New York Knicks, Denver Nuggets, and Portland Trail Blazers.
Felton began his basketball career at Latta High School in Latta, South Carolina. There he led his high school to two state championships and a career record of 104–9. In the process, he set state scoring records with 2,992 points and 117 3 pointers.
Felton won the South Carolina Mr. Basketball award as both a junior and senior, and was named Naismith Prep Player of the Year in 2002. He was MVP of the 2002 Roundball Classic at the United Center in Chicago, and was named to the 2002 McDonald's All-American Team. Felton played in the McDonald's All-American game with two future Tar Heel teammates, Sean May and Rashad McCants.
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Richard Basehart
John Richard Basehart (August 31, 1914 – September 17, 1984) was an American actor. He starred in the 1960s television science fiction drama Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea, in the role of Admiral Harriman Nelson.
One of his most notable film roles was the acrobat known as "the Fool" in the acclaimed Italian film La Strada, directed by Federico Fellini. He also appeared as the killer in the film noir classic He Walked by Night (1948), as a psychotic member of the Hatfield clan in Roseanna McCoy (1949), as Ishmael in Moby Dick (1956), and in the drama Decision Before Dawn (1951). He was married to Italian Academy Award-nominated actress Valentina Cortese, with whom he had one son, the actor Jackie Basehart, before their divorce in 1960. Cortese and Basehart also costarred in Robert Wise's The House on Telegraph Hill (1951).
From 1964-68, Basehart played the lead role, Admiral Harriman Nelson, on Irwin Allen's first foray into science-fiction television, Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea. Allen would go on to produce a number of sci-fi series in the 1960s and the highly successful feature films The Poseidon Adventure (1972) and The Towering Inferno (1974), earning him the moniker "The Master of Disaster." Although Basehart started his career as a film actor, he became best known for his role on Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea.
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Richard Brautigan
Richard Gary Brautigan (January 30, 1935 – ca. September 14, 1984) was an American novelist, poet, and short story writer. His work often employs black comedy, parody, and satire. He is best known for his 1967 novel Trout Fishing in America.
Brautigan was born in Tacoma, Washington, the only child to Bernard Frederick "Ben" Brautigan, Jr. (July 29, 1908 – May 27, 1994) a factory worker and laborer, and Lulu Mary "Mary Lou" Keho (April 7, 1911 – September 24, 2005), a waitress. In May 1934, eight months prior to his birth, Bernard and Mary Lou separated. Brautigan said that he met his biological father only twice, though after Brautigan's death, Bernard was said to be unaware that Richard was his child, saying "He's got the same last name, but why would they wait 45 to 50 years to tell me I've got a son?"
In 1938, Brautigan and his mother began living with a man named Arthur Martin Titland. The couple produced a daughter named Barbara Ann, born on May 1, 1939 in Tacoma. Brautigan claimed that he had a very traumatic experience when his mother left him alone with his two-year-old sister in a motel room in Great Falls, Montana, where he did not know the whereabouts of his mother until she returned two days later.
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Richard Burton
Richard Burton, CBE (10 November 1925 – 5 August 1984) was a Welsh actor. He was nominated seven times for an Academy Award, six of which were for Best Actor in a Leading Role (without ever winning), and was a recipient of BAFTA, Golden Globe and Tony Awards for Best Actor. Although never trained as an actor, Burton was, at one time, the highest-paid actor in Hollywood. He remains closely associated in the public consciousness with his second wife, actress Elizabeth Taylor; the couple's turbulent relationship was rarely out of the news.
Richard Burton was born Richard Walter Jenkins in the village of Pontrhydyfen, Neath Port Talbot, Wales. He grew up in a working class, Welsh-speaking household, the twelfth of thirteen children. His father, Richard Walter Jenkins, was a short, robust coal miner, a "twelve-pints-a-day man" who sometimes went off on drinking and gambling sprees for weeks. Burton later claimed, by family telling, that "He looked very much like me...That is, he was pockmarked, devious, and smiled a great deal when he was in trouble. He was, also, a man of extraordinary eloquence, tremendous passion, great violence."
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Richard Gutierrez
Richard Kristian Rama Gutiérrez, popularly known as Richard Gutiérrez (born January 21, 1984 in Beverly Hills, California), is a television actor and commercial model who works in Filipino productions.
Gutiérrez is the son of Eduardo P. Gutiérrez and Talent Manager, Annabelle Rama and the brother of Ruffa, Raymond (twin) Rocky, Elvis, and Ritchie Paul, he also has half-brothers Tontón & Ramón Christopher who are also actors. He is of Spanish and American descent.
Gutiérrez began acting as a child with his twin brother Raymond. He has worked in many movies with his father and his brothers.
Richard Gutiérrez appeared on the GMA-7 show Click. Gutiérrez starred in the TV fantasy series Mulawin which aired from August 2, 2004 until March 18, 2005, where he played the lead character Aguiluz. The series' led to a feature-length film of the same name (Mulawin: The Movie). Since then, Gutiérrez has played the lead roles in other GMA-7 shows including Sugo, Kamandag, Codename: Asero, Zorro, Lupin, Full House, and Captain Barbell.
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Richard Nixon
Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 – April 22, 1994) was the 37th President of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. The only president to resign the office, Nixon had previously served as a US representative and senator from California and as the 36th Vice President of the United States from 1953 to 1961.
Nixon was born in Yorba Linda, California. After completing his undergraduate work at Whittier College, he graduated from Duke University School of Law in 1937, and returned to California to practice law. He and his wife, Pat Nixon, moved to Washington to work for the federal government in 1942. He subsequently served in the United States Navy during World War II. Nixon was elected to the House of Representatives in 1946 and to the Senate in 1950. His pursuit of the Hiss Case established his reputation as a leading anti-communist, and elevated him to national prominence. He was the running mate of Dwight D. Eisenhower, the Republican Party presidential nominee in the 1952 election. Nixon served for eight years as vice president. He waged an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 1960, narrowly losing to John F. Kennedy, and lost a race for Governor of California in 1962. In 1968, he ran again for the presidency and was elected.
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Richard Stone
Sir John Richard Nicholas Stone (30 August 1913 – 6 December 1991) was an eminent British economist who in 1984 received the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for developing an accounting model that could be used to track economic activities on a national and, later, an international scale. While he was not the first economist to work in this field, he was the first to do so with double entry accounting. Double entry accounting basically states that every income item on one side of the balance sheet must be met by an expenditure item on the opposite side of the accounting sheet therefore creating a system of balance. This double entry system is the basis of nearly all modern accounting today. This allowed for a reliable way of tracking trade and wealth transfer on a global scale. He is sometimes known as the 'father of national income accounting', and is the author of studies of consumer demand statistics and demand modeling, economic growth, and input-output. During his acceptance speech Stone mentioned François Quesnay as well as the Tableau économique. Stone stated that it was one of the very first works in economics to examine various sectors on such a global level and how they are all interconnected. Stone was educated at Westminster School, Cambridge University (Caius and King's).
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Rick Nash
Rick Nash (born June 16, 1984) is a Canadian professional ice hockey right winger and captain of the Columbus Blue Jackets of the National Hockey League (NHL).
Drafted out of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL) by the Blue Jackets first overall in the 2002 NHL Entry Draft, Nash played with the London Knights for two seasons, earning the Emms Family Award in 2001 as league rookie of the year. He began his NHL career with Columbus the season immediately following his draft and was nominated for the Calder Trophy as NHL rookie of the year. In his second NHL season, Nash scored a career-high 41 goals to tie with Jarome Iginla and Ilya Kovalchuk for the Rocket Richard Trophy as league goal-scoring champion. Nash is also a five-time NHL All-Star and has been awarded the NHL Foundation Player Award in 2009 for his work in the community.
Internationally, Nash has represented Team Canada extensively. He won a silver medal at the 2002 World Junior Championships, two World Championships silver medals, a gold at the 2007 World Championships and a gold at the 2010 Winter Olympics. He has also competed in the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin.
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Robert Kubica
Robert Józef Kubica (Polish pronunciation: [ˈrɔbɛrt kuˈbit͡sa] ( listen); born 7 December 1984 in Kraków, Poland) is the first Polish racing driver to compete in Formula One. Between 2006 and 2009 he drove for the BMW Sauber F1 team, promoted from test driver to race driver during 2006. In June 2008, Kubica took his maiden F1 victory in the Canadian Grand Prix, becoming the 99th driver to win a World Championship race.
On 6 February 2011, Kubica was seriously injured in a crash at the Ronde di Andora rally, in which his forearm was partially severed. He was taking part in the rally for personal enjoyment. The Renault driver told Italian newspaper La Gazzetta dello Sport in a bedside interview that he could feel the fingers in his right hand, and is determined to make a swift return to Formula One in 2011. Kubica had to miss the whole 2011 season, and although he is expected to fully recover from his injuries, his future in Formula One racing for the long term remained unclear. In November 2011, Kubica confirmed that he would not be ready for the start of the 2012 season.
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Robert Muldoon
Sir Robert David "Rob" Muldoon, GCMG, CH (25 September 1921 – 5 August 1992) served as the 31st Prime Minister of New Zealand from 1975 to 1984, as leader of the governing National Party. Muldoon had been a prominent member of the National party and MP for the Tamaki electorate for some years prior to becoming leader of the party. During his time as a member of parliament and as Prime Minister, Muldoon was responsible for a number of major changes to the New Zealand economy, including the introduction of decimal currency and the Think Big policies of the third National Government. Despite being a polarising figure during his time as Prime Minister, Muldoon's impact on New Zealand society faded after his retirement.
Robert David Muldoon was born to parents Jim and Amie Muldoon in Auckland in 1921.
At age five Muldoon slipped while playing on the front gate, damaging his cheek and resulting in a distinctive scar. At age eight, Muldoon's father was admitted to hospital, where he died nearly 20 years later. This left Muldoon's mother to raise him on her own. During this time Muldoon came under the strong formative influence of his fiercely intelligent, iron-willed maternal grandmother, Jerusha, a committed socialist. Though Muldoon never accepted her creed, he did develop under her influence a potent ambition, a consuming interest in politics, and an abiding respect for New Zealand's welfare state. A brilliant student at school, Muldoon won a scholarship to attend Mount Albert Grammar School from 1933 to 1936. He left school at age 15, finding work at Fletcher Construction as an arrears clerk.
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Robin Söderling
Robin Bo Carl Söderling (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈrɔbɪn ˈsøːdəɭɪŋ]; born 14 August 1984 in Tibro) is a professional tennis player from Sweden who is currently ranked number 67 in the ATP rankings. Söderling reached successive French Open finals in 2009 and 2010. In both tournaments, he defeated the defending champion and number 1 seed en route to the final — Rafael Nadal in 2009 (becoming the first and, to date, only player to defeat Nadal at the French Open), and Roger Federer in 2010 (ending Federer's record streak of 23 consecutive Grand Slam semifinals). He has also won one Masters 1000 event, the 2010 Paris Masters.
Söderling speaks English, Swedish and a bit of German. His father Bo is a lawyer and mother Britt-Inger, a housewife. Söderling's sister, Sandra, is a teacher. He is engaged to Jenni Moström. The couple are expecting their first child in late-September 2012.
Söderling began playing tennis at the age of five. He made his first steps in international tennis in November 1998 in Luxembourg when at the age of 14 he played his first official junior tournament, losing the opening match to Fred Hemmes, Jr. In his first full year in the junior tour (2000), he achieved four tournament victories and in 2001 attained three more titles in the juniors including the Orange Bowl. In the same year Söderling achieved fourth place in the year-end ranking and played in his first ATP tournament in Stockholm, winning his first match 6–3 6–3 against Ramón Delgado.
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Robinho
Robson de Souza (born 25 January 1984), more commonly known as Robinho, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as second striker and winger for Serie A club Milan and the Brazil national team. Robinho is known for his ball control, attacking instinct and speed.
In 1999, at only 15 years of age, Robinho was personally picked by Brazil legend Pelé as his heir apparent and went on to lead Santos FC to their first Campeonato Brasileiro title since Pelé himself played for the club. Since then, he has won another title with Santos and two more with Spanish club Real Madrid. He won the Italian Serie A title in his first season at Milan. Robinho has won one Copa América title and two Confederations Cups with the Brazilian national team.
Born in São Vicente, São Paulo State, Robinho signed his first professional contract with Santos FC in 2002 at the age of 18. He made 24 appearances in his debut season and scored one goal as Santos won the 2002 Campeonato Brasileiro. He reached the final of the 2003 Copa Libertadores with Santos, but lost in the final to Boca Juniors. In 2004, Robinho finished with 21 goals in 37 games and led Santos to win another Campeonato Brasileiro.
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Rocío Guirao Díaz
Rocío Guirao Díaz (born June 27, 1984, in Buenos Aires) is an Argentine fashion model from Muse Management.
As a model she worked for high fashion brands like Everlast, Prestige, Tabatha, Sigry, Naffta, Fes Jeans, VOV Jeans, Saverio Di Ricci, Kees Von Kees and others.
In 2007 Rocío danced in the successful TV program Bailando por un sueño (the Argentine version of Dancing with the Stars) and hosted a TV program on cars called The Garage. In 2009 Rocío danced again in Showmatch as part of "El Musical De Tus Sueños" where she finished third.
In 2010 she starred in Pour La Gallery, a play by Anibal Pachano.
In May 2011 Rocío was again a contestant in Bailando por un Sueño, during its seventh season. In Round 5, she suffered a relapse during the duel in which she was sentenced, falling after a trick. The jury decided that she was going to be on the public vote, as others couples in the same position in the past seasons, were part of the public vote too. After the accident, she also returned to the competition for the sixth round, but then, due to personal problems, withdrew the competition.
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Roelof Frankot
Roelof Frankot (25 November 1911, Meppel, Drenthe - 1 December 1984, Heeten near Raalte) was a Dutch painter. By education he was a photographer, but in 1930, he started painting. He later had a strong relation with the CoBrA movement, and his artworks are quite similar to some of the art from the CoBrA movement. They are very abstract and spontaneous paintings in strong colours. Oil on canvas was his preferred medium. Publications with his art were occasionally accompanied by small poems that he wrote himself. Frankot has been considered an innovator of Dutch art with all its great traditions. Frankot died at the age of 73 from cancer.
During his career Frankot made a huge number of exhibitions in Europe, the United States and Latin America.
Frankot is represented in private collections in many countries, especially in Britain, France and Holland, and among others, the following institutions:
Scheen (1969); H. Redeker en M. van Beek, Van Cobra tot Zero (Venlo 1982)
Frankot, Roelof/Roding, M. Roelof Frankot. Schilderijen en tekeningen 1911-1984
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Ronald Reagan
Ronald Wilson Reagan ( /ˈrɒnəld ˈwɪlsən ˈreɪɡən/; February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was the 40th President of the United States, serving from 1981 to 1989. Prior to that, he was the 33rd Governor of California from 1967 to 1975 and a radio, film and television actor.
Born in Tampico, Illinois and raised in Dixon, Reagan was educated at Eureka College, earning a Bachelor of Arts degree in economics and sociology. After his graduation, Reagan moved first to Iowa to work as a radio broadcaster and then in to Los Angeles in 1937 where he began a career as an actor, first in films and later television. Some of his most notable films include Knute Rockne, All American, Kings Row, and Bedtime for Bonzo. Reagan served as president of the Screen Actors Guild, and later as a spokesman for General Electric (GE); his start in politics occurred during his work for GE. Originally a member of the Democratic Party, his positions began shifting rightward in the late 1950s, and he switched to the Republican Party in 1962. After delivering a rousing speech in support of Barry Goldwater's presidential candidacy in 1964, he was persuaded to seek the California governorship, winning two years later and again in 1970. He was defeated in his run for the Republican presidential nomination in 1968 as well as 1976, but won both the nomination and general election in 1980, defeating incumbent Jimmy Carter.
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Rosanna Davison
Rosanna Diane Davison (born 17 April 1984 in County Dublin, Ireland) was the winner of the Miss World 2003 title. She is the daughter of musician Chris de Burgh. The song "For Rosanna" was written by her father in her honour for his 1986 album, Into The Light.
Her primary education was at Aravon School, in County Wicklow.[citation needed]
Rosanna attended Rathdown School, a private, all-girls school located in Glenageary, County Dublin. She was class prefect before graduating and completing her leaving certificate examinations in 2002.[citation needed]
In 2006, she graduated from University College Dublin with an arts degree in Sociology and Art History.[citation needed]
She has recently enrolled on a part-time course in Dublin with a view to becoming a qualified nutritional therapist.
In August 2003, she entered the Miss Ireland finals in Dublin, and winning the competition, found herself competing for the title of Miss World. December 2003 saw Davison, along with 106 other contestants, compete in the Miss World competition in Sanya, China. Rosanna went on to win the crown and is the first Irish entrant ever to win the Miss World title since it started in 1951. During Davison reign, She traveled to the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, China, Sri Lanka, Germany, Poland and her very own Ireland.[citation needed]
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Ross Taylor
Luteru Ross Poutoa Lote Taylor (born 8 March 1984), more commonly known as Ross Taylor, is a New Zealand cricketer and the current captain, preferred ahead of wicketkeeper Brendon McCullum. He has also captained the New Zealand Under-19 side in youth internationals. Taylor has a highest first-class score of 132* in the State Shield domestic one-day competition in 2003–04, and 217 in the State Championship in 2007–08.
He made his debut for the New Zealand team in international cricket on 1 March 2006, in a one-day match against the West Indies. He became the second male player of Samoan heritage to play for New Zealand after Murphy Su'a. Taylor's full name is Luteru Ross Poutoa Lote Taylor; however, some sources have inaccurately recorded his name as Ross Luteru Taylor. This is because Taylor grew up answering to both Luteru and Ross when playing cricket, and did not realise he needed to write down his full name for the official New Zealand Cricket records when he was asked to fill in a questionnaire at a first-class match early in his career.
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Ryan Eggold
Ryan James Eggold (born August 10, 1984) is an American film and television actor. He is best known for his role as Ryan Matthews on the CW television series 90210.
Born in 1984 and a native of Southern California, Eggold graduated from Santa Margarita Catholic High School in 2002, where he participated in many school theater performances, and later from the University of Southern California's theater arts department in 2006. Eggold also writes music, plays guitar and piano, and sings in his band.
He had recurring roles on CBS's Young and the Restless, HBO's Entourage, Cartoon Network's Out of Jimmy's Head, ABC's Brothers & Sisters and The CW's Veronica Mars, before obtaining his first series regular role on the FX's Dirt.
In addition to his work in television, Eggold made his professional stage debut in the 2006 Ahmanson Theatre/Center Theatre Group production Dead End, directed by Nick Martin, and has since appeared in productions of Leipzig, and the LA Weekly Theater Award-winning production of Marat/Sade.
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Ryan Kesler
Ryan James Kesler (born August 31, 1984) is an American professional ice hockey center for the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). He serves as an alternate captain for the Canucks during home games. Selected in the first round, 23rd overall by the Vancouver Canucks in the 2003 NHL Entry Draft, Kesler has spent his entire seven-year NHL career with the Canucks. He is best known for being a two-way forward, winning the Selke Trophy in 2011 after having finished as a finalist the previous two years, as well as for his agitating style of play.
Kesler played junior hockey with the U.S. National Team Development Program from which he then accepted a scholarship to play college hockey with the Ohio State Buckeyes of the Central Collegiate Hockey Association (CCHA). In one season with the Buckeyes, he was an honourable mention for the CCHA All-Rookie Team and was named CCHA Rookie of the Week three times and CCHA Rookie of the Month once. In addition to the U.S. National Team Development Program and the Ohio State Buckeyes, Kesler has also suited up for the Manitoba Moose of the American Hockey League (AHL), where he was named to an AHL All-Star Game.
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Sabrina Bryan
Reba Sabrina Hinojos (born September 16, 1984), better known by her stage name Sabrina Bryan, is an American singer, actress, author, songwriter, fashion designer, choreographer, dancer, and television personality best known as a member of the girl group, The Cheetah Girls, and for starring in the Disney Channel Original Movie of the same name and its sequels, The Cheetah Girls 2 and The Cheetah Girls: One World. Before appearing on television, Sabrina was a dancer, and trained at Hart Academy of Dance, located in La Habra, California.
While she was a student, she filmed the Disney Channel Original Movie The Cheetah Girls, which was released in the summer of 2003. The movie's soundtrack went double-platinum. Bryan, along with Adrienne Bailon and Kiely Williams, achieved success as members of the official The Cheetah Girls group. In November 2005, the group released their Christmas album, Cheetah-licious Christmas, and also toured the US on their Cheetah-licious Christmas Tour to promote the album.
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Sam Milby
Samuel Lloyd "Sam" Lacia Milby (born May 23, 1984), is a Filipino American who joined Pinoy Big Brother as a housemate. He later turned actor, commercial model, and recording artist, and continues to work for ABS-CBN.
Milby was born in Troy, Ohio in the United States to an American father and a Filipina mother, Milby moved to the Philippines in 2005, and worked in commercials before joining Pinoy Big Brother.
http://starmagic.abs-cbn.com/talents/profile/sam--milby.html
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Sam Peckinpah
David Samuel "Sam" Peckinpah (February 21, 1925 – December 28, 1984) was an American film director and screenwriter who achieved prominence following the release of the Western epic The Wild Bunch (1969). He was known for the innovative and explicit depiction of action and violence, as well as his revisionist approach to the Western genre.
Peckinpah's films generally deal with the conflict between values and ideals, and the corruption of violence in human society. He was given the nickname "Bloody Sam" owing to the violence in his films. His characters are often loners or losers who desire to be honorable, but are forced to compromise in order to survive in a world of nihilism and brutality.
Peckinpah's combative personality, marked by years of alcohol and drug abuse, affected his professional legacy. Many of his films were noted for behind-the-scenes battles with producers and crew members, damaging his reputation and career during his lifetime. Many of his films, such as Straw Dogs (1971), Pat Garrett & Billy the Kid (1973) and Bring Me the Head of Alfredo Garcia (1974), remain controversial.
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Samantha Stosur
Samantha "Sam" Jane Stosur (English pronunciation: /ˈstoʊzər/ STOH-zər, born 30 March 1984) is an Australian professional tennis player. She won the 2011 US Open singles title and was a finalist at the 2010 French Open. Stosur is ranked World No. 6 and her career high in singles is World No. 4, achieved on 21 February 2011. She is a former world No. 1 on the WTA Tour in doubles with Lisa Raymond from the United States.
Stosur was born in Brisbane, Queensland, the daughter of Tony and Diane, and has two brothers, Dominic and Daniel. She is of Polish descent through her grandfather. When she was six, the family house and business on the Gold Coast was destroyed by a flood, and the family moved to Adelaide. There she started playing tennis, when she was given a racquet for Christmas at the age of eight. While her parents worked long hours at the cafe they had started, Stosur played at local courts with older brother Daniel, who later encouraged their parents to take her to tennis lessons. Stosur attended Helensvale State High School on the Northern Gold Coast. She went away on her first overseas trip at the age of 13, competing in the World Youth Cup in Jakarta, Indonesia.
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Sandara Park
Park Sandara (Korean: 박산다라, born November 12, 1984), better known as Dara (Korean: 다라; Japanese: ダラ), is a South Korean idol singer, rapper, actress, television host and model. She is best known as being a member and the Director of Communications of the Korean girl group 2NE1. However, she first gained major popularity on ABS-CBN's Star Circle Quest during her stay in the Philippines. Her younger brother, Park Sang-Hyun (Thunder), is also in the entertainment industry as a member of a Korean boy band, MBLAQ in J. Tune Entertainment. Dara released her first digital single "Kiss" in 2009.
Sandara Park was born in Busan, South Korea. When she was 10 years old, Park's family moved to the Philippines to start a trading business.[unreliable source?] Also the older sister of MBLAQ's member Thunder/Cheondoong(Park Sang Hyun)
In 2004, Park was involved in a talent survival show, known as Star Circle Quest of the ABS-CBN Network where she came in 2nd place behind Hero Angeles. She was only 19 years old at that time. During one of her school functions, Park met Pauleen Luna, who was then a talent of ABS-CBN Channel 2 Talent Center. Luna encouraged the shy Sandara to audition for Star Circle Quest, a then-up-and-coming reality talent search for ABS-CBN.
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Santino Quaranta
Santino Quaranta (born October 14, 1984 in Baltimore, Maryland) is an American soccer player currently playing for Siliguri in India's Premier League Soccer.
Quaranta partially attended Baltimore's Archbishop Curley High School for his freshman and sophomore years, where he started both years, and was recognized as one of the top soccer players in the state. Quaranta did not play college soccer, and instead spent time with the US U-17 national team at the IMG Soccer Academy in Bradenton, Florida, where he achieved exceptional success.
Quaranta was drafted eighth overall in the 2001 MLS SuperDraft by D.C. United. At 16 years, four months, Quaranta surpassed fellow DC player Bobby Convey to become the youngest player in the history of Major League Soccer, a record which would subsequently be taken by another DC player, Freddy Adu.
Quaranta immediately excelled in MLS, registering five goals and one assist in just 16 games during the 2001 season. Unfortunately, in the subsequent three seasons, Quaranta was beset by injuries, and struggled to live up to his early promise. Although he started all eleven games that he played in during the 2002 season, Quaranta missed almost two-thirds of the season with injuries, and things did not improve in the following two seasons, where he played in just 13 games. With fitness restored, Quaranta returned to form in 2005, where he contributed 5 goals and 5 assists in 18 games played, and finished third highest at the club for goals scored that season.
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Sara Jean Underwood
Sara Jean Underwood (born March 26, 1984) is an American model and actress who was chosen as the Playmate of the Month for the July 2006 issue of Playboy magazine and later became Playmate of the Year in 2007. She is a presenter on Attack of the Show!.
Underwood was born in Portland, Oregon. She graduated from Scappoose High School in Scappoose, Oregon in 2002. She has been a student at Oregon State University and Portland State University. She was a schoolmate of American football player Derek Anderson.
Her first job was assisting in sales of heavy construction equipment. She worked in the Beaverton, Oregon branch of the Hooters chain of restaurants.
When Underwood first appeared in Playboy magazine, in its The Girls of the Pac 10 pictorial in the October 2005 issue, she was also featured on the cover, holding a football and clad only in a body painted rendering of an Oregon State Beavers football jersey and matching bikini briefs. She next appeared in the magazine in July 2006, as the Playmate of the Month. When she became Playmate of the Year in June 2007, her prize included a Mini Cooper convertible. She was the first Miss July to receive the title, although she herself said, "I didn't think I was pretty enough". In March 2008, Playboy magazine ranked her at #25 on their "25 Hottest Playboy Celebrities" list.
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Sara Lumholdt
Sara Helena Lumholdt (born 25 October 1984) is a Swedish pop singer, and former member of the Swedish quartet A*Teens.
Despite worldwide success, A*Teens disbanded in 2004 and Lumholdt took a short break from the limelight.
In September 2005, Lumholdt landed a voice-over part in the Swedish release of Electronic Arts racing game, Burnout: Revenge. She also booked a couple of gigs in local sports club, Ballbreaker, singing the Swedish national anthem for the World Cup Championship in 2006. Since late 2005, Lumholdt has been working with local Swedish producers and song writers, as well as producers in New York City and Los Angeles on her solo debut tracks. On 14 March 2007, using the stage name "Sara Love", she released a cover of Olivia Newton-John's hit, "Physical" for a promotional CD for clothing company WeSC, on their album Let's Get Physical with WeSC.
In early 2008, she released several new tracks, including "Glamour Bitch" featuring Milano Money. The song was first released on her MySpace profile, and was quickly picked up by NRJ radio and became the Smash Hit of the Week. The single debuted at No. 57 on the Swedish Single Charts for the week of 13 September 2007. In 2011 she participated in Melodifestivalen 2011, singing the song "Enemy", finished 7th in the third semi-final on 19 February.
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Sarah Hagan
Sarah Margaret Hagan (born May 24, 1984) is an American television and film actress.
Hagan was born in Austin, Texas. She has been acting since the age of six, when her mother first signed her up for musical theater. Hagan was first involved with theater companies such as Houston's Playhouse 1960, the Houston Grand Opera (where she sang in the children's chorus), the Crighton Playhouse, the Houston Music Hall and the Bitter Truth Theater. From there, she made her screen debut in the 1997 feature film Faith, where she played the title character at age 13; her TV debut came on an episode of the Calista Flockhart series Ally McBeal in 1999.
Hagan's first major break came when she was cast in a recurring role as Millie Kentner on the short-lived NBC cult TV series Freaks and Geeks (1999–2000). Following that show's cancellation, she was cast on the David Alan Grier NBC sitcom DAG, where she was originally slated to play Camilla Whitman, daughter of the US President; however, the role of Camilla was recast when the pilot episode was revamped before airing.
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Sarah Roemer
Sarah Christine Roemer (born August 28, 1984) is an American model and actress. She is best known for her roles in the films Disturbia, Asylum, and Fired Up! and the television series The Event.
Roemer was born in San Diego, California, and began her modeling career in 2000 after she was discovered while buying coffee at a local 7-Eleven while attending Horizon Jr/Sr High School. Roemer made her screen debut in 2006 portraying Lacey Kimble in the horror film The Grudge 2. She portrays a high school student and young cheerleader. The film was released October 13, 2006. Despite a negative critical reception, the film managed to have box office success grossing $70,711,175 worldwide. She also had a small role in the independent film Wristcutters: A Love Story portraying Rachel.
In 2007 she starred alongside Shia LaBeouf, Carrie-Anne Moss and David Morse in Paramount Pictures American thriller Disturbia. She portrayed Ashley Carlson, a love interest and neighbour of LaBeouf's character. Filming took place from January 6, 2006 to April 28, 2006 with a budget of $20 million. The film was released on April 13, 2007 to a positive critical reception. The film debuted at #1 in its first week at the box office with $23 million, ultimately grossing $117,760,134. She also starred alongside Dakota Fanning, Kristen Stewart and Virginia Madsen in the Kate Hudson-directed short film "Cutlass".
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Sasha Cohen
Alexandra Pauline "Sasha" Cohen (born October 26, 1984) is a U.S. figure skater. She is the 2006 Olympic silver medalist, a three-time World Championship medalist, the 2003 Grand Prix Final Champion, and the 2006 U.S. Champion.
Cohen was born in Westwood, California, a neighborhood in Los Angeles. Her full name is Alexandra Pauline Cohen. Her nickname "Sasha" is a Russian diminutive of "Alexandra". As a university student, she has used the name Alex, rather than Sasha.
Her mother, Galina (née Feldman), is a Jewish immigrant from Ukraine and a former ballet dancer.
Her father, Roger Cohen, graduated from the University of California, Berkeley Boalt Hall School of Law. Roger Cohen was formerly a law partner at Brobeck, Phleger & Harrison, and Of Counsel at Dorsey and Whitney. He is Founder and CEO of VerticalPoint Solutions, a company that simplifies and automates compliance for document intensive industries. VerticalPoint is based in Orange County, California.[1]
Sasha Cohen graduated from Futures High School in Mission Viejo, California in 2002. As of 2011, she was enrolled as an undergraduate student at Columbia University. Her sister, Natalia ("Natasha"), began college at Barnard College in August 2006.
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Scarlett Johansson
Scarlett Johansson (born November 22, 1984) is an American actress, model and singer.
Johansson made her film debut in North (1994) and was later nominated for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Female Lead for her performance in Manny & Lo (1996). She rose to further prominence with her roles in The Horse Whisperer (1998) and Ghost World (2001). She shifted to adult roles with her performances in Girl with a Pearl Earring (2003) and Sofia Coppola's Lost in Translation (2003), for which she won a BAFTA award for Best Actress in a Leading Role. Both films earned her Golden Globe Award nominations.
A role in A Love Song for Bobby Long (2004) earned Johansson a third Golden Globe for Best Actress nomination. Johansson garnered another Golden Globe nomination for Best Supporting Actress with her role in Woody Allen's Match Point (2005). She went on to star in two further Allen movies: Scoop (2006) and Vicky Cristina Barcelona (2008). Johansson has appeared in other successful films, such as Christopher Nolan's The Prestige (2006). Johansson played popular Marvel comic book character Black Widow/Natasha Romanoff in the films Iron Man 2 (2010) and The Avengers (2012).
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Scott Clifton
Scott Clifton Snyder (born October 31, 1984), better known as Scott Clifton, is an American actor, musician, and video blogger. His early work has included television commercials and minor film and television roles, but his most recognized achievements have come from his highly publicized roles in soap operas. He is best known for playing Dillon Quartermaine in General Hospital (2003–2007), Schuyler Joplin in One Life to Live (2009–2010), and Liam Spencer in The Bold and the Beautiful (2010–present). His role in The Bold and the Beautiful earned him a Daytime Emmy Award in 2011.
Clifton is known on YouTube for engaging in philosophical debate and discussion about, among other things, atheism, ethics (with special interest in Biblical ethics), and criticism of Christianity. He is commonly known online by the screen name "TheoreticalBullshit".
Clifton was born on October 31, 1984, the only child of Ron and Faye Snyder, in Los Angeles, California, United States. He is of Russian and Scottish descent. He was raised in the Greater Los Angeles Area of southern California, including the Santa Clarita Valley and the San Fernando Valley. He credits his acting career to an event at age nine, when his mother threw a copy of Hamlet by William Shakespeare book in his lap and told him to read it. Clifton initially resisted, but then fell in love with the work and soon had much of Hamlet memorized. One of his mother's friends was an acting coach, Joe Carberry, who volunteered to tutor him on weekends for a year.
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Scott Olsen
Scott Matthew Olsen (born January 12, 1984, in Kalamazoo, Michigan) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Chicago White Sox organization.
Olsen was born in Kalamazoo, Michigan. He spent his middle school years in Stevensville, MI, and attended Lakeshore Middle School then attended Crystal Lake South High School in Crystal Lake, Illinois, for high school where he was all-conference in baseball. He was drafted 173rd overall during the sixth round of the 2002 Major League Baseball Draft by the Florida Marlins.
Olsen played his first season in the MLB in 2005 with the Florida Marlins. The team activated him on June 25, 2005, when pitcher Josh Beckett went on the disabled list. Olsen had one win and one loss in five starts, with a 3.98 ERA during the season, but was also later sent to the disabled list with an elbow injury.
During the 2006 season with the Florida Marlins, Olsen went 12-10 with a 4.04 ERA. With his 10+ wins and the 10+ wins of his fellow rookies Josh Johnson, Ricky Nolasco and Anibal Sanchez, the 2006 Marlins became the first team in Major League Baseball history with four rookie pitchers with ten or more wins in one season.
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Sean May
Sean Gregory May (born April 4, 1984) is an American professional basketball player currently playing for Sutor Basket Montegranaro in Italy. He was born in Chicago, Illinois and grew up in Bloomington, Indiana. He was a three-time all-state selection at Bloomington High School North, and was at one time a teammate of current NBA player Jared Jeffries. May was named to the 2002 McDonald's High School All-American team. He played in the 2002 McDonald's game with Raymond Felton and Rashad McCants, who would later team with May to win an NCAA Championship.
When the heavily-recruited May chose to attend North Carolina, it was a major surprise to most basketball recruiting observers; it had been thought that he would stay in his hometown and play for the Indiana University Hoosiers. He had strong family connections to IU; his father Scott was a forward on the school's undefeated 1975–76 NCAA championship team and won the Naismith Award the same year, and his brother Scott Jr. played for the Indiana basketball team that made the NCAA title game in 2002.
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Shawn Roberts
Shawn Roberts (born April 2, 1984) is a Canadian actor, who is best known for his roles in zombie films such as Land of the Dead, Diary of the Dead and the Resident Evil film franchise.
Roberts was born in Stratford, Ontario on April 2, 1984. He started with playing the wolf in a school play of "Little Red Riding Hood" award-winning screenwriter Robert Forsythe and his friend's father helped him get a role in Emily of New Moon. He is known for playing rapist Dean Walton in the Canadian television drama Degrassi: The Next Generation and has also appeared in George A. Romero's Diary of the Dead and Land of the Dead. In 2010, he appeared in Resident Evil: Afterlife, where he played villain Albert Wesker and will reprise the role in 2012 in Resident Evil: Retribution.
His next project, 2011's 'The Riot' will feature Shawn as 'Ors' and is currently in-production.
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Shayne Ward
Shayne Thomas Ward,born 16 October 1984 in Manchester, England, is an English pop singer who rose to fame as the winner of second series of The X Factor. He has sold over three million records worldwide and has had number one albums and singles in nine countries. During The X Factor competition, Ward was mentored by manager Louis Walsh. The Bookies' favourite to win the show, he defeated duo Journey South and singer Andy Abraham in the final screened by ITV1 by a margin of 1.2% of the vote, out of a reputed 10.8 million phone votes cast by viewers. His first single, "That's My Goal", was released in the United Kingdom on December21, 2005 and became the last number one of 2005, hitting the top spot on 31 December. It sold 313,000 copies on its first day of sales, making it the third fastest selling single of all time, behind Elton John's "Candle in the Wind" and Will Young's "Evergreen", which sold 685,000 and 400,000 copies in their first days of sale respectively. Ward's prize, as winner, was a recording contract with Simon Cowell's Syco record label, which is co-owned by Sony Music Entertainment. The contract had a stated value of £1 million, of which £150,000 was a cash advance and the remainder was allocated to recording and marketing costs.
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Sherone Simpson
Sherone Simpson (born August 12, 1984) is a track and field sprint athlete, competing internationally for Jamaica. She is a gold medalist in the 4 x 100 m relay from the 2004 Olympics and silver medalist in 2005 World Championships and now is the silver medalist in the individual event at the 2008 Summer Olympics, after she tied for second with Kerron Stewart in a photo finish. With her personal best of 10.82 seconds in the 100 m, Simpson is ranked fifth among Jamaican women, behind Shelly-Ann Fraser (10.73}, Merlene Ottey (10.74), Kerron Stewart (10.75) and sprint veteran Veronica Campbell-Brown (10.78). Simpson's 200 m personal best of 22.00 seconds ranks her sixth among Jamaican women behind Merlene Ottey, Grace Jackson, Juliet Cuthbert, Veronica Campbell-Brown and Kerron Stewart. She has run this time on two occasions. Simpson is coached by Stephen Francis in Kingston, Jamaica, where she attends the University of Technology. She is also a graduate of Manchester High.
Simpson won the gold medal in the women's 200 m at the 2006 Commonwealth Games, beating Olympic champion Veronica Campbell and completing a Jamaican sweep of 100–200 m gold medals. Jamaica also won both sprint hurdles gold medals.
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Simon van der Meer
Simon van der Meer (24 November 1925 – 4 March 2011) was a Dutch particle accelerator physicist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1984 with Carlo Rubbia for contributions to the CERN project which led to the discovery of the W and Z particles, two of the most fundamental constituents of matter.
One of four children, Simon van der Meer was born and grew up in The Hague, the Netherlands, in the family of teachers. He was educated at the city's gymnasium, graduating in 1943 during the German occupation of the Netherlands. He studied Technical Physics at the Delft University of Technology, and received an engineer's degree in 1952. After working for Philips Research in Eindhoven on high-voltage equipment for electron microscopy for a few years, he joined CERN in 1956 where he stayed until his retirement in 1990.
He married Catharina M. Koopman in the mid-1960s; they had two children: Esther van der Meer (daughter) and Mathijs van der Meer (son). He also had a sister: Ge van der Meer, and a granddaughter.
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Sinhalese people
The Sinhalese people are the majority population of the island of Sri Lanka. They constitute 74.5% of the Sri Lankan population and number approximately 15 million. The Sinhalese identity is based on language, historical heritage and religion. The Sinhalese speak Sinhala, an Indo-Aryan language, and are predominantly Theravada Buddhists, although a small but significant percentage of Sinhalese follow branches of Christianity. The Sinhalese are mostly found in North central, Central, South and West Sri Lanka. According to legend they are the descendants of the exiled Prince Vijaya who arrived from North-East India to Sri Lanka in 543 BCE.
The Sinhalese are also known as "Hela" or "Sinhala". These synonyms find their origins in the two words Sinha (meaning "lion") and Hela (meaning "pristine"). The name Sinhala translates to "lion people" and refers to the myths regarding the descent of the legendary founder of the Sinhalese people, the prince Vijaya. The royal dynasty from ancient times on the island was the Sinha (Lion) royal dynasty and the word Sinha finds its origins here. Sri Lanka has got its old name "Sinhale" or "Heladiva" after Sinhalese who built up the civilization of the island. The former names of the country "Serendib", "Seylan" and "Ceylon" have derived from the old name "Sinhale". Another synonyms clarification for Sinhala is siw (four) Hela (Pristine). Raksha, Yaksha, Deva, Naga were the four powerful hela tribes.
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Sitti Navarro
Sitti Katrina Navarro (born November 29, 1984 in Las Piñas), also known as Sitti, is a Filipino bossa nova singer. After releasing her first album, Café Bossa, in 2006, other bossa nova acts in the Philippines followed. Navarro is also featured in the segment "A.S.A.P. Sessionistas" of the variety show ASAP. She is of Maranao descent.[citation needed]
Sitti Navarro was born to lawyer Rolando Navarro and Lydia Baiddin, in Manila, Philippines. Sitti is of Samal and Tausog descent.[citation needed] She graduated from the University of the Philippines in April 2005 with a degree in Business Economics and was a dean's lister at said university. In high school, she was editor-in-chief of the school paper and graduated as valedictorian of her class.
In college, she was an active member of the AIESEC Local Committee where she was the Vice President for Outgoing Exchange from 2003-2004. She was also a member of the Organization of Business Economics Majors (OBEM).[citation needed]
Sitti has won two beauty pageant awards: the title of Miss Visayas 2001 in the Miss Travel Girl Pageant, and the first runner-up in the search for "Miss Silka" where she was also named Miss Friendship and Best in Swimwear.
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Sophie Dee
Sophie Dee (born 17 January 1984) is a Welsh hardcore pornographic actress. She entered the adult film industry in 2005, and has since appeared in over 300 movies.
She initially attended school in Wales, moved to England for a while, but later moved back to Wales to finish secondary school. After leaving school she had various jobs, such as working in cafes and selling products door-to-door. She later became a lapdancer, and was eventually offered a topless modelling job in the UK newspaper The Daily Sport.
She worked as a Page Three girl for about a year and a half. In January 2005, she moved to California to start her adult film career. She had breast enlargement surgery which took her from a C-cup to a DD-cup. She is married to fellow pornographic film actor Lee Bang.
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Sportsperson
A sportsperson (American English: Sports person), (gendered as sportsman or sportswoman) or athlete is a person trained to compete in a sport involving physical strength, speed or endurance. Sportspeople may be professional or amateur.
Most professional sportspeople have particularly well-developed physiques obtained by extensive physical training and strict exercise accompanied by a strict dietary regimen.
The word "athlete" is a romanization of the Greek: άθλητὴς, athlētēs, one who participates in a contest; from ἂθλος, áthlos, or ἂθλον, áthlon, a contest or feat. The term may be used as a synonym for sportspeople in general, but it also has stronger connotations of people who compete in athletic sports, as opposed to other sporting types such as horse riding and driving. In British English (as well as other variants in the Commonwealth) athlete can also have a more specific meaning of people who compete in the sport of athletics.
An "all-around athlete" is a person who competes in multiple sports at a high level, for instance, someone who plays both basketball and baseball professionally. Examples of people who played numerous sports professionally are Jim Thorpe, Lionel Conacher, Deion Sanders (male), Danny Ainge (male) and Babe Zaharias (female). Others include Ricky Williams, Bo Jackson, and Damon Allen, each of whom was drafted both by Major League Baseball and by professional gridiron football leagues such as the NFL and the CFL. Another example is Kazushi Sakuraba, a Japanese athlete who competed in both professional wrestling and mixed martial arts and succeeded in both sports. Many Japanese martial artists compete in both wrestling and MMA due to their strong promotions and similarities.
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Steve Goodman
Steve Goodman (July 25, 1948 – September 20, 1984) was an American folk music singer-songwriter from Chicago, Illinois. The writer of "City of New Orleans", made popular by Arlo Guthrie and Willie Nelson, Goodman won two Grammy Awards.
Born on Chicago's North Side to a middle-class Jewish family, Goodman began writing and performing songs as a teenager, after his family had moved to the near north suburbs. He graduated from Maine East High School in Park Ridge, Illinois in 1965, where he was a classmate of Hillary Rodham (Clinton). In the fall of 1965, he entered the University of Illinois and pledged Sigma Alpha Mu (Sammies) fraternity where he, Ron Banyon, and Steve Hartmann formed a popular rock cover band, "The Juicy Fruits". He left college after one year to pursue his musical career. In the early spring of 1967 Goodman went to New York, staying for a month in a Greenwich Village brownstone across the street from the Cafe Wha? where Goodman performed regularly during his brief stay there. Returning to Chicago he intended to restart his education but he dropped out again to pursue his musical dream full time after discovering the cause of his continuous fatigue was actually leukemia, the disease that would be present during the entirety of his recording career, until his death in 1984. In 1968 Goodman began performing at the Earl of Old Town in Chicago and attracted a following. By 1969, Goodman was a regular performer in Chicago, while attending Lake Forest College. During this time Goodman supported himself by singing advertising jingles.
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Steven Kanumba
Steven Charles Kanumba (8 January 1984 – 7 April 2012) was a Tanzanian actor and director. Kanumba died in 2012 at the age of 28 and 20,000 people attended his funeral. (Some sources estimated the total to be 30,000). He was described as "Tanzania's most popular film star" and appeared in Nollywood films.
Kanumba was born into a Sukuma family in the Shinyanga Region of Tanzania. His father was Charles Kanumba and his mother was Ms. Flora Mutegoa. Kanumba had two older sisters. Kanumba began his studies at Bugoyi Primary School and continued with his secondary studies at Mwadui Secondary School, later transferring to Vosa Mission Secondary School. He spoke three languages fluently: Swahili, Sukuma and English.
Kanumba began acting in the 1990s in church productions. In 2002, he joined the theater group Kaole Arts Group. He appeared in the television soap operas Jahazi and Dira and made his film debut in Haviliki. In 2006 he appeared in Dar 2 Lagos, a film by Mtitu Game that used both Tanzanian and Nigerian actors and crew. He also appeared in such films as She is My Sister, This Is It, and Love Gamble. In 2009, he was a special celebrity guest on Big Brother Africa 4. In 2011, he was named an Oxfam GROW Ambassador. Shortly before his death he had been preparing for his first Hollywood film role although he was already "Tanzania's most popular film star" and appeared in Nollywood films.
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Steven Webb
Steven Webb (born 8 November 1984) is an English actor who has been performing in theatre, television and film from the age of eight. Webb was born in Wirral, near Liverpool in the UK.
After taking over the lead role in Oliver! at the London Palladium at age 10, Webb enrolled at Sylvia Young Theatre School. His most notable work includes appearing as Posner in the second casting of Alan Bennett’s The History Boys. He also appeared in the BBC series The Magician's House which features actors such as Katie Stuart, Ian Richardson, Stephen Fry and Jennifer Saunders. He appeared as a child dancer alongside Michael Jackson during the 1996 Brit Awards; getting knocked off stage and cracking a rib when Jarvis Cocker came on. He has also appeared in the ITV1 drama series, Bad Girls (2001, 2006) in which he played David Saunders, son of inmate, Julie Saunders.
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Stéphanie Lapointe
Stéphanie Lapointe (born March 26, 1984 in Brossard, Quebec) is a Quebec singer, song writer, television and movie actress and humanitarian activist. She is best known as the winner of the second season of Star Académie, the Quebec version of Fame Academy.
Lapointe discovered and developed her interest in music as a young kid. It was in 1992, at the age of 8, when she had her first piano courses at her elementary school in Brossard (formerly Longueuil) a southern suburb of Montreal. In 1996, just after she finished primary school, she traveled to France during a school extracurricular and educational activity. It was there she made her debut in theatrical plays. Her trip to France became the moment she discovered interest in the world of acting.
In 2001, at age 17, Lapointe became a member of a group which performed musical comedies. She then played in various other plays including a French remake of (Beauty and the Beast) as well as other French plays such as Aida, and Once on This Island. While in France, she also followed several dance courses. At the same time, she also gradually developed her skills in music and theatrical acting. The lessons later proved important for her future roles in Quebec television reality shows and movies since 2005.
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Svetlana Savitskaya
Svetlana Yevgenyevna Savitskaya (Russian: Светла́на Евге́ньевна Сави́цкая; born August 8, 1948) is a former Soviet female aviator and cosmonaut who flew aboard Soyuz T-7 in 1982, becoming the second woman in space some 19 years after Valentina Tereshkova. She served two duty tours on the Salyut 7 space station, and on her second one became the first woman to perform a space walk on July 25, 1984. She was outside the space station for 3 hours 35 minutes. Of the 57 Soviet/Russian spacewalker through 2010, she is the only female. She is the daughter of Soviet military commander Yevgeniy Savitskiy. She is married, with one child.
She started training as a cosmonaut in 1980. Upon returning to Earth, Savitskaya was assigned as the commander of an all-female Soyuz crew to Salyut 7 in commemoration of the International Women's Day, a mission that was later canceled.
She was twice awarded the Hero of the Soviet Union title. The asteroid 4118 Sveta is named for her.
She was also a test and sports pilot - starting from 1974 she set 18 international world records on MiG aircraft and three records in team parachute jumping. She won first place at the 6th FAI World Aerobatic Championship in 1970.
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Syed Rasel
Syed Rasel (Bengali: সৈয়দ রাসেল) (born 3 July 1984) is a Bangladeshi cricketer. He is a left-handed medium-fast swing bowler who came up through the ranks of the under-19s, to the Bangladesh A team, to the full Bangladesh team, while playing for Khulna Division.
Playing for Bangladesh A against Kent in August 2005, a 21-year-old Rasel took 7 for 50 in the first innings and finished the match with ten wickets. He was rewarded with a spot in the Bangladeshi squad for the tour of Sri Lanka the following month. He went on to make both his Test and ODI debuts on the island. Figures of 4 for 129 came in the second Test at Colombo.
Back home at Bogra in February 2006, Rasel took 2 for 28 to give Bangladesh their first ever ODI win over Sri Lanka.
Rasel's progress was halted when he damaged his foot in a motorbike accident but he recovered in time to take part in the 2006 Champions Trophy.
Despite not playing all but one game of their last ODI series before the World Cup, he made the squad for the Caribbean.
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Tamir Cohen
Tamir Cohen (Hebrew: תמיר כהן; born 4 March 1984 in Tel Aviv) is an Israeli football midfielder who plays for Maccabi Haifa. He is the son of the late Maccabi Tel Aviv and Rangers player Avi Cohen.
Cohen started his career in Maccabi Tel Aviv's youth team where in 2001–02 he won the double. His first game in the Israeli Premier League was in November 2002 during Maccabi's 1–0 win over Bnei Yehuda Tel Aviv, when he came on as a substitute. He scored his first goal against Maccabi Petah Tikva in a 2–1 in the Toto Cup, where he scored the winning goal.
On 11 January 2007 Cohen moved to Maccabi Netanya.
On 1 January 2008 he transferred to English club Bolton Wanderers for a fee of £39,000. He made his Bolton debut in the 1–0 FA Cup defeat to Sheffield United, wearing the squad number 25, previously occupied by Abdoulaye Faye. His first Premiership goal was scored on 2 March 2008 in a match against his father's former club Liverpool at the Reebok stadium, which ended in a 3–1 win for Liverpool. The 25-year-old made 11 appearances in his first season in English football.
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Tanith Belbin
Tanith Jessica Louise Belbin (born July 11, 1984) is a Canadian-American ice dancer. Though born in Canada, she holds dual citizenship and has competed for the United States since she began skating with Benjamin Agosto in 1998. With Agosto, Belbin is the 2006 Olympic silver medalist, four-time World medalist, three-time Four Continents champion (2004–2006), and five-time U.S. champion (2004–2008).
Tanith Belbin was born in Kingston, Ontario and raised in Kirkland, Quebec. She lived and trained in Canton, Michigan for many years, before moving to Aston, Pennsylvania to train at Ice Works.
Belbin's mother, Michelle (McKinlay) Belbin, is a costume designer and she makes some of Belbin's costumes. She trained as a figure skater [1] in St. John's, Newfoundland,[2] under Rolf Adomeit. Her father, Charles Belbin is an engineer. Both parents have been strongly supportive of her career.
Tanith Belbin began skating when she was almost three and started ice dancing at about eight or nine. She competed both as a pair skater and ice dancer in Canada before deciding to concentrate completely on ice dancing. She was introduced to ice dancing by Paul Wirtz and competed with partner Liam Dougherty. Her pairs partner was Ben Barruco, with whom she placed 2nd at the novice level at the 1997 Canadian Championships. She did not compete with either partner internationally.
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Taylor Cole
Taylor Quinn Cole (born April 29, 1984) is an American actress and former fashion model.
Cole was born in Arlington, Tarrant County, Texas. Cole attended Mirabeau B. Lamar High School where she traveled with the Junior Olympics volleyball squad. It was also in high school she got her start as a model. Cole later moved to New York to further her modeling career. She has appeared in commercials and advertisements for Crest toothpaste, Old Spice, and Dooney & Bourke handbags.
Though Cole has mainly focused on acting, she is still signed to Los Angeles modeling agency Nous Models Management.
After visiting her mother, Deborah Quinn, and stepfather, actor Shawn Christian (parents of her half-brother Kameron), Cole landed an audition for the now-defunct WB show Summerland. She won the role of Erika Spalding in 2004, relocating to Los Angeles to film the series.
Cole also appeared in Ryan Cabrera's True music video and Papa Roach's video for "Scars". She also guest starred in the The WB show Supernatural episode titled "Provenance", where she played Sarah Blake, an art dealer. She has also been seen playing guest roles in the CBS' show NUMB3RS. Cole has also appeared in an episode of CSI: Crime Scene Investigation as Bianca. Taylor stars as Desiree in the horror remake, April Fool's Day. Cole had a part in the film 12 Rounds, produced by WWE films and starring John Cena.
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Taylor Handley
Taylor Laurence Handley (born June 1, 1984) is an American actor.
In 1998, Taylor played Rory Buck in the movie Jack Frost. In 2000, Handley starred in the Disney Channel Original Movie, Phantom of the Megaplex. Handley appeared in three episodes during the last season of Dawson's Creek and guest starred during an episode of CSI: Crime Scene Investigation. In 2003/2004, Handley appeared in six episodes of the first season of The O.C., as Oliver Trask, a mentally unstable teenager who, after meeting Marissa Cooper in a therapy clinic, becomes infatuated with her to the point of nearly committing suicide over her. In 2006, Handley appeared in three fims: The Standard, The Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Beginning and Zerophilia. Handley's next film, September Dawn, was released to theaters on August 24, 2007.
In 2007, Handley starred as Johnny Miller in the short-lived CW television program, Hidden Palms.
On April 9, 2009, he guest starred in the pilot of Southland, playing the character Wade. He returned as Wade in the second episode of the second season.
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Taylor Schilling
Taylor Schilling (born July 27, 1984) is an American actress. She is known for her lead role in Atlas Shrugged: Part I (2011) and most recently The Lucky One (2012), a romantic drama film, opposite Zac Efron.
Schilling was born in Boston, Massachusetts. She is the daughter of Tish, an MIT administrator, and Robert J. Schilling, a former prosecutor. She grew up in West Roxbury and Wayland, splitting time between her parents, who are divorced.
A devotee of the NBC medical drama ER during her youth, Taylor began acting at a young age. She became active in her middle school's theater program when she appeared in a stage production of Fiddler on the Roof. After graduating from Wayland High School in 2002, she wound up at Fordham University's New York City campus at Lincoln Center, where she continued to take part in stage productions before earning her related Bachelor of Arts degree in 2006. Schilling then entered the prestigious graduate program at New York University to continue her acting studies, but left after her second year to start auditioning. While she attempted to break into the real world of acting, Schilling supported herself by working as a nanny for a Manhattan-based family. Eventually, her relentless auditioning paid off when she landed a supporting role in the 2007 indie film Dark Matter. The gig had a starstruck Taylor working alongside an actress whom she greatly admired--the talented Meryl Streep.
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Tennessee Thomas
Tennessee Jane Bunny Thomas (born 17 December 1984) is a British-born American drummer and actress. She is a founding member and drummer of the indie rock group The Like.
She is the daughter of Pete Thomas, drummer for Elvis Costello and the Attractions.
She portrayed Lynette Guycott in the 2010 film Scott Pilgrim vs. the World, based on the Scott Pilgrim comic book series.
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Terry Wallis
Terry Wallis (born 7 April 1964) is an American man living in the Ozark Mountains of Arkansas who on June 11, 2003 regained awareness after spending 19 years in a minimally conscious state.
Terry Wallis was born on April 7, 1964 in Arkansas to Angilee and Jerry Wallis. Six weeks before his accident, Wallis became a father when his wife Sandi (4 years his junior) gave birth to his daughter Amber.
Wallis became comatose when he suffered a major automobile accident where his pickup truck skidded of a small bridge near Stone County, Arkansas on July 13, 1984 which resulted in one of his friends being killed. The pickup truck was found upside down in a dry riverbed and Wallis smashed into a railing fence and fell 25 feet. He was found to be unresponsive and was immobilized but breathing. The accident left him a quadriplegic. Within a year of the accident, the coma stabilized into a minimally conscious state but doctors believed his condition would never recover.
In 2003 he awakened from his minimal conscious state and began to talk, asking one of the staff in the nursing home who the woman in his room was. She told him that it was his mother. He believed that he was still 20 and that it was still 1984. His muscles remained weak as his family could not afford physiotherapy, but he gradually recovered over a three day "awakening period" in which he regained the ability to control some parts of his body and to speak to others. However, he remains disabled from injuries suffered during the original accident, including the motor disorder dysarthria.
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Theresa Fu
Theresa Fu Wing (born 22 September 1984) is a Hong Kong Cantopop singer, film and television actress, and model.
Fu was introduced by Talent Bang model agency in order to become a pop star. She started her career in 2002 as one of the members of Cookies, the group disbanded in 2005.
In 2005 she recorded a duet "自欺欺人" with Alex Fong. In 2006, she published a book with her personal drawings, stories and views on love[citation needed]. She is also good friends with her ex-bandmate, Stephy Tang.
In 2008, Fu performed at the S.U.C.C.E.S.S. Charity Gala at Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada with many other artists.
On 30 May 2008, Fu appeared as a special guest for Leo Ku's The Magic Moments Concert in Toronto to a crowd of 10,000 people at Rogers Centre.
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Thomas Vanek
Thomas Vanek (born January 19, 1984) is an Austrian professional ice hockey left winger, an alternate captain for the Buffalo Sabres of the National Hockey League (NHL). Vanek was drafted by the Sabres fifth overall in the 2003 NHL Entry Draft, making him the highest draft pick in Austrian history.
Vanek was born in Baden bei Wien, Austria, to Slovak mother Jarmila and father Zdeněk, who moved in 1982 from Czechoslovakia to Austria. He grew up in Zell am See (Salzburg) and in Graz (Styria), where his father played professional ice hockey. He moved in 1998, at age 14, to the United States, where he attended and graduated from O'Gorman High School while playing junior hockey for the Sioux Falls Stampede.
Vanek is married to his longtime girlfriend Ashley. They have three sons, Blake Thomas and twins Luka Robert and Kade Ashton. They also have a dog named Diesel.
After playing junior hockey for the Sioux Falls Stampede of the United States Hockey League (USHL), Vanek joined the University of Minnesota Golden Gophers, leading the team in goals (31), assists (31) and points (62) in the 2002–03 season. In part to his prolific scoring touch, the Golden Gophers won the 2003 NCAA National Championship. Vanek was named MVP of the Frozen Four tournament, scoring the game winning goals in both the semifinal against Michigan in overtime and in the final against New Hampshire. He was also named Minnesota's team MVP for 2003, becoming the first freshman to receive the honor. He scored the most points by a Golden Gopher freshman in 2003 since Aaron Broten who scored 72 total points in 1979–80. He was the first freshman to lead the team in scoring since Mike Antonovich in 1969–70. His 31 goals also led all NCAA freshmen in goal scoring, and was fourth in the entire country. He was also the 2003 WCHA Rookie of the Year, the third Golden Gopher to win the award.
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Tiffany Mulheron
Tiffany Rose Mulheron (born 18 December 1984) is a Scottish actress.
She is the sister of Ashley Mulheron.
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Tigran Petrosian
Tigran Vartanovich Petrosian (Armenian: Տիգրան Պետրոսյան, Тигран Вартанович Петросян) (17 June 1929 – 13 August 1984) was a Soviet-Armenian grandmaster, and World Chess Champion from 1963 to 1969. He was nicknamed "Iron Tigran" due to his playing style because of his almost impenetrable defence, which emphasised safety above all else. He was a Candidate for the World Championship on eight occasions (1953, 1956, 1959, 1962, 1971, 1974, 1977 and 1980). He won the world championship in 1963 (against Botvinnik), successfully defended it in 1966 (against Spassky), and lost it in 1969 (to Spassky). Thus he was the defending World Champion or a World Championship candidate in ten consecutive three-year cycles. He won the Soviet Championship four times (1959, 1961, 1969, and 1975). He was recognised as the hardest player to beat in the history of chess by the authors of a 2004 book.
Tigran Petrosian was born to Armenian parents on 17 June 1929 in Tiflis, Georgia, which was then a member of the former Soviet Union. As a young boy, Petrosian was an excellent student and enjoyed studying, as did his brother Hmayak and sister Vartoosh. He learned to play chess at the age of 8, though his illiterate father Vartan encouraged him to continue studying, as he thought chess was unlikely to bring his son any success as a career. Petrosian was orphaned during World War II and was forced to sweep streets to earn a living. It was about this time that his hearing began to deteriorate, a problem that afflicted him throughout his life. In a 1969 interview with Time magazine, he recalled:
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Tim Lincecum
Timothy Leroy Lincecum (pronounced /ˈlɪnsɨkʌm/ LIN-sə-kum; born June 15, 1984) is an American professional baseball starting pitcher for the San Francisco Giants of Major League Baseball. He has been nicknamed both "The Freak" and "The Franchise."
Lincecum is known for his long stride, unorthodox mechanics, and ability to generate high velocity despite his slight build: originally listed as 5 ft 11 in (1.80 m) and 175 pounds. In part to add strength and durability, Lincecum put on about 15 pounds prior to the 2011 season.
Lincecum attended Liberty Senior High School in Renton, Washington, where he played two seasons of varsity baseball. As a senior he won state player of the year and led his school to the 2003 3A state championship title.
After high school Lincecum went on to pitch for the University of Washington. In 2006 he finished with a 12–4 record and a 1.94 ERA, 199 strikeouts, and three saves in 125⅓ innings as a Washington Husky. He won the 2006 Golden Spikes Award, which is awarded annually to the best amateur baseball player.
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Tito Gobbi
Tito Gobbi (24 October 1913 – 5 March 1984) was an Italian operatic baritone with an international reputation.
Tito Gobbi was born in Bassano del Grappa and studied law at the University of Padua before he trained as a singer. Giulio Crimi, a well-known Italian tenor of a previous generation, was Gobbi's teacher in Rome. He made his operatic debut in Gubbio in 1935 as Count Rudolfo in Bellini's La sonnambula. In 1942, he debuted at La Scala in Milan, in the role of Belcore in Donizetti's L'elisir d'amore. He also appeared at the Rome Opera and other significant Italian venues.
Gobbi's international career blossomed after the Second World War, serving as a batman for Sergeant Major Frederick Davis of the Grenadiers. His career began with appearances in 1948 at the San Francisco opera. He performed for the first time at London's Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, in 1950 and sang with the Lyric Opera of Chicago from 1954 until 1974. The year 1974 also saw the last of Gobbi's numerous appearances at Covent Garden, where he had been much admired by the public and critics alike for his sensitive musicianship as well as for his acting talent and interpretive insights.
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Todd Boeckman
Todd Boeckman (born June 8, 1984 in St. Henry, Ohio) is an American football quarterback who is currently a free agent in the National Football League. He was signed by the Jaguars as an undrafted free agent on June 17, 2009. He played college football at Ohio State University.
Boeckman was recruited in 2002, but redshirted and grey-shirted, extending his stay with Ohio State for two more seasons. After Heisman Trophy winner Troy Smith graduated after the 2006 season, Boeckman beat out fellow quarterbacks Rob Schoenhoft and Antonio Henton for the starting job. In 2007, he passed for 2,375 yards and 25 touchdowns and was named first team Big Ten. He also led the Buckeyes to the BCS National Championship Game on January 7, 2008. He threw for 208 yards, two touchdowns, and two interceptions as the Buckeyes fell to Louisiana State 38-24.
Boeckman entered the 2008 season as a 6th year Senior. He was named the starter for the 2008 season, however after losing 35 to 3 in the 2008 USC game, he lost the starting job to Terrelle Pryor. In the 2009 Fiesta Bowl against the University of Texas, Boeckman threw a touchdown pass to Terrelle Pryor.
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Todd Bosley
Todd Bosley (b. 1984 in Overland Park, Kansas), is an American actor. Bosley lives in Los Angeles, California.
He is best known for playing the role of Howie in the sitcom Scrubs. He began his acting career a child, having notable roles in Little Giants and Jack alongside actors Rick Moranis and Robin Williams, respectively. As a child actor on television he played a kid, and friend, to Cosmo Kramer in two episodes of the sitcom Seinfeld (The Foundation and The Wait Out). Todd also played the title role in the 2001 family film Lloyd.
Todd studied improvisation and sketch comedy writing at The Second City Los Angeles as well as The Groundlings and Upright Citizen's Brigade Theatre L.A.
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Toke Townley
Toke Antony Townley, born 6 November 1912 in Great Dunmow, Essex, died 27 September 1984 in Leeds, was an English actor.
His father was a vicar and he was christened John Townley, but his first name was then changed by his parents to the surname of an ancestor. After he left school he worked as a clerk in industry, acting in his spare time. He did not become a professional actor until his early 30s, first appearing at Birmingham Repertory Theatre. He appeared in many BBC television programmes during the early pioneering days at Alexandra Palace.
Between 1951 and 1970, in the heyday of the British studios, Townley appeared in almost thirty films, including Lady Godiva Rides Again, Doctor at Sea, The Quatermass Experiment, The Admirable Crichton, Carry On Admiral, Doctor in Distress and Scars of Dracula.
He went on to appear in many film and television roles over the years, including The Avengers. He was also an accomplished flautist and played the instrument on screen.
Many of his roles were country bumpkins, so it was an appropriate move when Townley joined 'Emmerdale Farm' as Annie Sugden's father, Sam Pearson, complete with cloth cap and collarless shirt, when the serial began in 1972. He appeared in over 800 episodes of Emmerdale Farm. Loved and admired by the rest of the cast of the rural soap opera, Townley was said to be a private person, living alone at a Leeds hotel. He died of a heart attack whilst still in the soap so his character was killed off.
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Tommy Bowe
Thomas John "Tommy" Bowe (Irish: Tomás Ó Buaigh, born 22 February 1984) is an Irish rugby union footballer from County Monaghan, Ireland. He plays on the wing for the Ospreys, Ireland and the British and Irish Lions. In March 2012, Bowe confirmed that he would be returning to his native province, Ulster, for the 2012/13 season.
Tommy is an extremely proud Monaghan man and a former pupil of The Royal School, Armagh, Northern Ireland, he was a schoolboy provincial full-back, only converting to wing whilst playing for Ireland U-21s. Bowe played Gaelic football from U10 level with Emyvale, his local GAA club and he also ran for the Glaslough Harries and represented his local parish Donagh in the All-Ireland community games. He represented Monaghan at U16 and Minor level. As well as playing Gaelic football, he also played rugby with Monagahan RFC at underage levels as well as representing his primary school team. He attended the University of Ulster, Jordanstown and played for the Queens University Belfast rugby team, earning a selection to the Ireland U20 Team before transferring to Belfast Harlequins. He subsequently was capped at U21 level and was named as the Irish Rugby Union Players Association (IRUPA) ’Young Player of the Year’ in 2003.
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Tommy Cooper
Thomas Frederick "Tommy" Cooper (19 March 1921 – 15 April 1984) was a popular Welsh prop comedian and magician from Caerphilly, South Wales.
Cooper was a member of The Magic Circle, and respected by traditional magicians. Famed for his red fez, his appearance was large and lumbering at 6 feet 4 inches (1.93 m) and more than 15 stone (210 lb; 95 kg) in weight.
On 15 April 1984, Cooper collapsed and soon after died from a heart attack in front of millions of television viewers, midway through his act on the London Weekend Television variety show Live From Her Majesty's, transmitted live from Her Majesty's Theatre. His stage persona required that his act intentionally went wrong for comic purposes, leading to some initial uncertainty about whether this collapse was real.
Born in Caerphilly, South Wales, at 19 Llwyn Onn Street, Trecenydd, Cooper was delivered by the woman who owned the house in which the family was lodging. His parents were Welsh-born army recruiting sergeant father Thomas H. (Tom) Cooper, and his English-born wife Gertrude (née Gertrude C. Wright) from Crediton, Devon. In light of the heavily polluted air and the offer of a job for his father, the family moved to Exeter, Devon, when Cooper was three and gained the West Country accent that was part of his act.
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Toni Gonzaga
Celestine Cruz Gonzaga (born January 20, 1984), better known as Toni Gonzaga, is a Filipino singer, television host and actress. She started her career with GMA Network, then later moved to ABS-CBN Network. She hosts the entertainment talk show The Buzz, and the reality show Pinoy Big Brother. She's also a co-host and a performer in the musical variety show ASAP.
Toni Gonzaga is a resident of Taytay, Rizal and the eldest daughter of Carlito and Crisanta Gonzaga, who also acts as her talent manager. Her sister is Catherine Gonzaga, also known as Alex Gonzaga whose also an actress and television host in TV 5. In Taytay, she was an elected barangay kagawad for one term and a Sunday school teacher in her evangelical church. She studied Mass Communication at the Dominican College in San Juan, Rizal for two years. Later, she transferred to the Asian Institute for Distance Education (AIDE) and shifted her course to AB English.
Toni Gonzaga started in local entertainment at the age of 13. It was on 1997 where she joined a singing competition called "Tanghalan Ng Kampeon" aired on GMA Network hosted by Pilita Corales and Bert "Tawa" Marcelo. The singing competition television show also start the careers of two other Filipina singers, Kyla and Faith Cuneta. She did not win the competition.
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Torrey DeVitto
Torrey Joel DeVitto (born June 8, 1984) is an American actress and former fashion model. She is best known for her roles as Zoe in the 2006 horror film I'll Always Know What You Did Last Summer, Karen Kerr in the short lived television series Beautiful People, Carrie in The CW series One Tree Hill, Melissa Hastings on the hit ABC Family series Pretty Little Liars and most recently as Meredith Fell in The CW series The Vampire Diaries.
Torrey Joel DeVitto was raised in Fort Salonga on Long Island, New York and Winter Park, Florida. Her parents are Mary and Liberty DeVitto; her father was a long-time drummer for Billy Joel. On the day of her birth, Joel was performing at the Wembley Arena and made a special note before beginning "The Longest Time" that DeVitto's wife was having a baby, causing a standing ovation for DeVitto, who was playing the drums at the concert. She has two sisters, Devon and Maryelle. Her sister Maryelle was in the TV series Endurance. As a child, DeVitto spent a lot of time touring with her parents.
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Trent Cutler
Trent Cutler (born 10 January 1984 in Bankstown, New South Wales) is an Australian professional rugby league player and model. Cutler previously played for the Bulldogs in the National Rugby League (NRL) competition. He primarily plays on the wing.
Cutler, son of the former Bulldog's great, Stan Cutler, made his first grade debut was against the Cronulla Sharks in 2005, Round 4. After three years with the Bulldogs, Cutler moved to Wests Magpies for the 2008 season.
In 2009, he has returned to the Bulldogs' NSW Cup feeder club, the Bankstown City Bulls.
Trent also has a cousin, Dave Cutler, who is currently signed to Warratahs.
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Trey Songz
Tremaine "Trey" Aldon Neverson (born November 28, 1984), better known by his stage name Trey Songz, is an American singer-songwriter, rapper, record producer and actor. His debut album, I Gotta Make It, was released in 2005, while his second album, Trey Day, was released in 2007. His third album, Ready, was released in 2009 while his fourth studio album, Passion, Pain & Pleasure, was released on September 14, 2010.
Songz was born Tremaine Aldon Neverson on November 28, 1984, in Petersburg, Virginia. Raised as a military brat, Songz did not have aspirations to have a musical career as a child due to his shyness, saying "Singing wasn't a reality for me, until other people started noticing I sounded good." He recognized his vocal abilities at the age of 14. Reluctant to sing, he began performing with encouragement by friends and family in high school. Record producer Troy Taylor discovered Songz during a talent show in 2000, which led him to signing a recording contract with Atlantic Records in 2002. After graduating from high school in 2002, Songz moved to New Jersey to begin recording his debut album, though recording didn't actually begin until 2003.
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Truman Capote
Truman Streckfus Persons (September 30, 1924 – August 25, 1984), known as Truman Capote ( /ˈtruːmən kəˈpoʊtiː/), was an American author, many of whose short stories, novels, plays, and nonfiction are recognized literary classics, including the novella Breakfast at Tiffany's (1958) and the true crime novel In Cold Blood (1966), which he labeled a "nonfiction novel." At least 20 films and television dramas have been produced from Capote novels, stories and screenplays.
Capote rose above a childhood troubled by divorce, a long absence from his mother and multiple migrations. He had discovered his calling as a writer by the age of 11, and for the rest of his childhood he honed his writing ability. Capote began his professional career writing short stories. The critical success of one story, "Miriam" (1945), attracted the attention of Random House publisher Bennett Cerf, resulting in a contract to write Other Voices, Other Rooms (1948). Capote earned the most fame with In Cold Blood (1966), a journalistic work about the murder of a Kansas farm family in their home, a book Capote spent four years writing, with much help from Harper Lee, who wrote the famous To Kill a Mockingbird. A milestone in popular culture, In Cold Blood was the peak of his literary career, though it was not his final book. In the 1970s, he maintained his celebrity status by appearing on television talk shows.
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Tyler Kyte
Jonathan Tyler "Ty" Kyte (born July 24, 1984; Lindsay, Ontario) is a Canadian actor and musician. He began his acting career with commercials and performing in the Musical Tommy in Toronto. Kyte was made famous amongst Canadian youth as a correspondent on the Canadian TV series Popular Mechanics for Kids alongside fellow Canadians Elisha Cuthbert, Vanessa Lengies and Jay Baruchel. He later appeared on the TV series Goosebumps (1997) and Are You Afraid of the Dark? (1999). He appeared in the made for TV movie Prom Queen: The Marc Hall Story in 2004, and had a recurring role on the Canadian drama Instant Star as Vincent Spiederman until 2008. In his free time, Tyler records songs and plays drums for the Toronto band Sweet Thing, and in 2006, released a five-song solo CD. He currently resides in Toronto, Ontario. Not only does Kyte have his own music career and role as a drummer in the infectious Sweet Thing but he also plays guitar, organ, and piano as well as providing backing vocals for friend Nick Rose's band, Nick Rose & the Magnolias, who released their debut EP on February 20, 2008 and their full length album in mid-2009; also takes part in the roots/folk group Blue Fox, and the zany, comedic duo "Painter" with Dave Reale. He attended I.E. Weldon Secondary School. In addition to Tyler's acting and musical abilities, he is also known for his work with special needs children and adults. Tyler has spent his entire life living with those who are mentally and physically challenged. Tyler's brother, Paul, has Down's Syndrome. Kyte says "I have grown up with many people who have disabilities. It is very important to me to keep in touch with my roots. Not only is it rewarding but it also helps me keep a little perspective."
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Tyson Griffin
Tyson Lee Griffin (born April 20, 1984) is an American mixed martial artist from Albany, California. Griffin currently fights as a Featherweight in the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC).
Griffin was a standout wrestler at Albany High School and moved on to wrestle at Skyline Junior College before dropping out. He began training at David Terrell's NorCal Fighting Alliance and the Cesar Gracie Academy. During his first mixed martial arts training session, Terrell cut two gashes over Griffin's left eye, requiring stitches. Griffin states that he committed himself to a career in MMA while in the hospital waiting room. His mother supported him during his first year of training, but after his professional debut he had to get side jobs to support himself through his early career.
Tyson Griffin began his professional career in 2004 in the Gladiator Challenge promotion. In his third bout, he dropped to featherweight to earn a TKO victory over future World Extreme Cagefighting featherweight champion Urijah Faber, which stood as Faber's only defeat for over three years. Griffin went on to win all of his first six fights before facing Duane Ludwig at Strikeforce: Revenge. He won the bout by TKO in the first round, attracting the attention of major promotions. After considering offers from Pride Fighting Championship and the UFC, Griffin signed with the UFC so that he could continue to fight stateside. While cornering for David Terrel at UFC 59 in Las Vegas, Griffin had an opportunity to meet members of the Xtreme Couture camp for the first time.
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Vanessa Lee Chester
Vanessa Lee Chester (born July 2, 1984) is an American television and film actress. She has worked on a variety of projects, most notable for her roles as Kelly in Steven Spielberg's The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997), and as Becky in Alfonso Cuarón's A Little Princess (1995). Chester later worked mostly in television, most notably appearing in Malcolm in the Middle and The West Wing. She was nominated for a Saturn Award (The Lost World: Jurassic Park), Image Award (The Lost World: Jurassic Park), Young Artist Award (A Little Princess) and took home the Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a Feature Film – Supporting Young Actress (Harriet The Spy). Vanessa is currently working on an unnamed film by Ty Hodges.
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Vera Zvonareva
Vera Zvonareva (Russian: Вера Игоревна Звонарёва, pronounced [ˈvʲerə zvənɐˈrʲɵvə] ( listen); born September 7, 1984) is a professional tennis player from Russia. She was introduced to tennis at the age of six and turned professional in 2000. Her career high is World No. 2 by the WTA, and she is currently ranked as the World No. 11. Zvonareva has won twelve WTA Tour singles titles and reached the finals of the 2008 WTA Tour Championships, 2010 Wimbledon Championships, and 2010 US Open. She also was a bronze medalist at the 2008 Beijing Olympics.
Zvonareva was born September 7, 1984 in Moscow to Igor Zvonarev and Nataliya Zvonareva (née Bykova). Igor played Bandy in the USSR championship with Dynamo Moscow, while Nataliya played field hockey and was the bronze medalist at the 1980 Moscow Olympic Games. Vera was introduced to tennis at the age of six by her mother, although no other members of her family play tennis.
Zvonareva started to compete on the ITF Circuit in 1999, debuting at an ITF tournament in Tbilisi, Georgia. She won three qualifying matches there to reach the main draw before losing in the first round. The next year, she won an ITF event in Moscow, Russia without dropping a set, despite being unranked. The event was just the second event she had played in her professional career. Five weeks later, she made her WTA-level debut at the Tier I tournament in Moscow, beating World No. 148 Elena Bovina, before losing to World No. 11 Anna Kournikova in the second round. In 2001, she failed to qualify for WTA events in Key Biscayne, Florida and Moscow, but reached a semifinal at the ITF Circuit tournament in Civitanova, Italy. During this time, she also showed her adeptness in juniors' competition by winning the Orange Bowl under-18s event in 2000 and 2001.
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Vic Dickenson
Vic (Victor) Dickenson (August 6, 1906 – November 16, 1984) was an African-American jazz trombonist. Dickenson's career started out in the 1920s and led him through musical partnerships with such legends as Count Basie (1940–41), Sidney Bechet (1941) and Earl Hines . Also a soloist of wide acclaim, Vic Dickenson was known for the distinctive sound he coaxed out of the trombone.
He studied Organ from 1922 but changed to Trombone with local bands. Vic made his recording debut in December 1930, as a vocalist with Luis Russell's band. He later joined Blanche Calloway's Orchestra in the early 1930s. Led his own groups both in east & west coast between 1947 to mid fifties. From then he was a session man for many legendary dates, among them CBS Sound Of Jazz 1957 with many great jazz musicians including: Count Basie, Coleman Hawkins, Roy Eldridge, Gerry Mulligan, Billie Holiday.
He was a favorite of many musicians, in large part because of the melodic sound he got from his horn, and for a keen sense of humor which was often evident in his playing.
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Vicente Aleixandre
Vicente Pío Marcelino Cirilo Aleixandre y Merlo (April 26, 1898 – December 14, 1984) was a Spanish poet who was born in Seville. Aleixandre was a Nobel Prize laureate for Literature in 1977. He was part of the Generation of '27. He died in Madrid in 1984.
Aleixandre's early poetry, which he wrote mostly in free verse, is highly surrealistic. It also praises the beauty of nature by using symbols that represent the earth and the sea. Many of Aleixandre's early poems are filled with sadness. They reflect his feeling that people have lost the passion and free spirit that he saw in nature.
His early collections of poetry include Passion of the Earth (1935) and Destruction or Love (1933). In 1944, he wrote Shadow of Paradise, the poetry where he first began to concentrate on themes such as fellowship, friendliness, and spiritual unity. His later books of poetry include History of the Heart (1954) and In a Vast Dominion (1962).
Aleixandre studied law at the University of Madrid. Selections of his work were translated into English in Twenty Poems of Vicente Aleixandre (1977) and A Longing for the Light: Selected Poems of Vincent Aleixandre (1979; Copper Canyon Press, 2007) (translated by Lewis Hyde).
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Victor Rasuk
Victor Rasuk (born January 15, 1984) is an American actor.
Rasuk was born in Harlem, New York to Dominican parents. He has one brother, Silvestre, with whom he starred in Raising Victor Vargas.
Rasuk attended performing arts school as a teenager, and began acting at 14. He garnered his first movie role at 16 in Five Feet High and Rising. The film—less than 30 minutes long—was a hit at the Independent Spirit Film Festival. Two years later, the same director, Peter Sollett, suggested expanding the short film into a feature-length movie: Raising Victor Vargas, which went on to win Rasuk an Independent Spirit Award nomination for his work. In his next film, Rock Steady, Rasuk played a character named Roc. Two years later, he took a leading role in Haven with Orlando Bloom.
In 2005, Lords of Dogtown was released, with Victor playing Tony Alva, one of the leading roles. The part included surfing and performing skateboarding tricks. Although the more complicated maneuvers were performed by stunt men (including the scenes of surfing at Pacific Ocean Park pier and skating in empty swimming pools), Rasuk is a method actor and worked on remaining in character both on and off screen. Believing he had mastered skating a huge ramp in only his second week of training, Rasuk fractured one of his orbital bones. Rasuk says the accident likely earned him more respect from serious skaters within the cast and crew.
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Viktor Chukarin
Viktor Ivanovich Chukarin (Russian: Виктор Иванович Чукарин, Ukrainian: Віктор Іванович Чукарін; November 9, 1921 – August 25, 1984) was the first of the great Soviet gymnasts. He won total of eleven medals including seven gold medals at the 1952 and 1956 Summer Olympics (including Individual All-Around title in both occasions) and was the All-around World Champion in 1954. He was the most successful athlete at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
Born November 9, 1921, in Krasnoarmiys'ke, Crimea; died August 25, 1984, in Lviv.
At the age of 19 was awarded the title Master of Sport, but put off training with the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War.
Enrolled in the Lviv Institute of Physical Culture in 1946 at the age of 25, and graduated in 1950.
Became the USSR's gymnastic individual all-around champion in 1949, and repeated in 1950, 1951, 1953, and 1955.
At the 1952 Summer Olympic Games in Helsinki (the first Games to feature a team from the USSR) he won six medals, including the individual all-around by a margin of .7 points (115.7-115.0). Four years later, at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, at the age of 35, he won 5 medals.
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Vágner Love
Vágner Silva de Souza (born 11 June 1984 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), commonly known as Vágner Love, is a Brazilian football striker who plays for Flamengo.
Vágner Love started his career with Palmeiras. In the 2003 season he helped them to return to the Brazilian Série A, the national First division.
He was then bought by CSKA Moscow.In the summer of 2004, prior to their Champions League campaign. For over a year after his arrival at CSKA Moscow, rumours kept appearing that he did not want to stay in Moscow, and a transfer to Corinthians in particular was hinted at numerous times. However, these rumours subsided and Vágner mentioned a number of times that he was fully committed to his contract and is looking forward to completing its full tenure.
He scored the final goal that sealed CSKA's 3–1 victory in the 2005 UEFA Cup Final over Sporting Clube de Portugal at the Estádio José Alvalade in Lisbon. Additionally to this UEFA Cup final, he has gone on to win the Russian Premier League title and Russian Cup in 2005, 2008, and the Russian Super Cup in 2006.
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Waite Hoyt
Waite Charles Hoyt (September 9, 1899 – August 25, 1984) was an American right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball, one of the dominant pitchers of the 1920s, and the winningest pitcher for the New York Yankees during that decade. He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1969.
Hoyt was born in Brooklyn, New York and attended Erasmus Hall High School.
Despite being a Dodgers fan, he was signed to a professional contract by New York Giants manager John McGraw when he was but 15. Because of his extreme youth, he was immediately nicknamed "The Schoolboy Wonder".
After a brief stint with the Giants, McGraw sent the young pitcher to the minors for seasoning. Hoyt soon returned to the majors, this time with the Boston Red Sox. His performance there attracted the attention of the Yankees, who acquired him in 1920. In his first season as a Yankee, he won 19 games and pitched three complete games in the World Series without allowing an earned run — over his career, he would win six American League pennants with the Yankees and one with the Philadelphia Athletics. In his finest years with the Yankees, 1927 and 1928, Hoyt would post records of 22 wins and 7 losses with a 2.64 ERA and 23 wins and 7 losses with a 3.36 ERA. During his 21-year career, he won 10 or more games 12 times, 11 of them consecutively. Hoyt pitched for eight years after leaving the Yankees in 1930, but did not consistently display similar levels of pitching dominance.
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Walter Pidgeon
Walter Davis Pidgeon (September 23, 1897 – September 25, 1984) was a Canadian actor, who starred in many motion pictures, including Mrs. Miniver, The Bad and the Beautiful, Forbidden Planet, Advise & Consent, Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea, Funny Girl and Harry in Your Pocket.
Born in Saint John, New Brunswick, Pidgeon was the son of Hannah (née Sanborn), a homemaker, and Caleb Burpee Pidgeon, a merchant who owned a men's clothing store. Pidgeon attended local schools, followed by the University of New Brunswick, where he studied law and drama. His university education was interrupted by World War I, and he enlisted in the 65th Battery, Royal Canadian Field Artillery. Pidgeon never saw combat, however, as he was severely injured in an accident. He was crushed between two gun carriages and spent 17 months in a military hospital. Following the war, he moved to Boston, where he worked as a bank runner, at the same time studying voice at the New England Conservatory of Music. He was a classically trained baritone.
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Walter Woolf King
Walter Woolf King (2 November 1899 – 24 October 1984) was an American singer, performer, and film actor
Born in San Francisco, California, King started singing for a living at a young age and sang mostly in churches. He made his Broadway theatre debut in 1919, and developed a reputation as a baritone in musical comedies and other musical performances. King advertised himself as Walter Woolf and Walter King in his early career, eventually settling on a combination of all three names, Walter Woolf King, in the mid 1930s.
Wolf discovered talking films and began as a lead in musicals but moved into less known villain roles in the Marx Brothers and Laurel and Hardy films, and low-budget films such as Today I Hang in 1942. He later became an actor's agent, occasionally appearing on television.
He died of a heart attack in Beverly Hills, California.
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Wesley Sneijder
Wesley Sneijder (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈʋɛs.li ˈsnɛi̯.dər] ( listen); born 9 June 1984) is a Dutch footballer. He was named UEFA midfielder of the season as well as one of the three best midfielders in the world for 2010 by FIFA.
Due to his impeccable placement and confirmed ability to score from free kicks, Sneijder earned the reputation as a dead-ball specialist. With short stature, he is quick, strong on the ball, and his passing range is enhanced by his ambidexterity.
A product of the Ajax Academy, he previously played for AFC Ajax with whom he won six trophies and during which time he was awarded the Johan Cruijff Award (for best young player in the Netherlands) in 2004. He was later sold to Real Madrid for €27 million in 2007, winning La Liga in his first season with the club and later being sold to Internazionale for €15 million.
Sneijder previously represented various Youth squads for the Netherlands. He is now a regular player for the Dutch national team, having made his debut in April 2003 at the age of 18, and having represented his country at the World Cup in 2006 and 2010 as well as UEFA Euro 2004 and 2008. Individually he was awarded the 2010 Bronze Boot, the 2010 Silver Ball and included in the team of the tournament for UEFA Euro 2008 and the 2010 FIFA World Cup as well as named man of the match for six out of eleven games played by "Oranje" at these two tournaments.
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William Keighley
William Jackson Keighley (August 4, 1889, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania - June 24, 1984, New York, New York) was an American stage actor and Hollywood film director.
After graduating from the Ludlum School of Dramatic Art, Keighley began acting at the age of 23. By the 1910s and 1920s, he was acting and directing on Broadway. With the advent of talking pictures, he relocated to Hollywood. He eventually signed with Warner Bros., where he proved adept at directing in a wide variety of genres. He was the initial director of The Adventures of Robin Hood, starring Errol Flynn, but was replaced by Michael Curtiz. During World War II, he supervised the U.S. Army Signal Corp's motion picture unit. He retired in 1953 and moved to Paris with his actress wife Genevieve Tobin.
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William Penn
William Penn (October 14, 1644 – July 30, 1718) was an English real estate entrepreneur, philosopher, and founder of the Province of Pennsylvania, the English North American colony and the future Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. He was an early champion of democracy and religious freedom, notable for his good relations and successful treaties with the Lenape Indians. Under his direction, the city of Philadelphia was planned and developed.
In 1681, King Charles II handed over a large piece of his American land holdings to William Penn to satisfy a debt the king owed to Penn's father. This land included present-day Pennsylvania and Delaware. Penn immediately sailed to America and his first step on American soil took place in New Castle in 1682. On this occasion, the colonists pledged allegiance to Penn as their new Proprietor, and the first general assembly was held in the colony. Afterwards, Penn journeyed up river and founded Philadelphia. However, Penn's Quaker government was not viewed favorably by the Dutch, Swedish, and English settlers in what is now Delaware. They had no "historical" allegiance to Pennsylvania, so they almost immediately began petitioning for their own Assembly. In 1704 they achieved their goal when the three southernmost counties of Pennsylvania were permitted to split off and become the new semi-autonomous colony of Lower Delaware. As the most prominent, prosperous and influential "city" in the new colony, New Castle became the capital.
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William Powell
William Horatio Powell (July 29, 1892 – March 5, 1984) was an American actor.
A major star at MGM, he was paired with Myrna Loy in 14 films, including the popular Thin Man series based on the novels of Dashiell Hammett in which Powell and Loy played Nick and Nora Charles. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor three times: for The Thin Man (1934), My Man Godfrey (1936), and Life with Father (1947). William Powell was not related to David Powell, Dick Powell, Eleanor Powell, or Jane Powell.
An only child, Powell was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the son of Nettie Manila (née Brady) and Horatio Warren Powell, on July 29, 1892. His father was born in West Middlesex, Pennsylvania (where William H. Powell spent his boyhood summers), to William S. and Harriet Powell. Powell showed an early aptitude for performing. In 1907, he moved with his family to Kansas City, Missouri, where he graduated from Central High School in 1910. The Powells lived a few blocks away from the Carpenters, whose daughter Harlean evolved into Hollywood's Jean Harlow, although Powell would not meet her until both were established actors.
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Witold Kiełtyka
Witold "Vitek" Kiełtyka (January 24, 1984 – November 2, 2007) was a Polish musician, the drummer and percussionist for the technical death metal band Decapitated, and younger brother of the musician Wacław "Vogg" Kiełtyka. He had been with the band ever since it was founded in 1996, when he was only twelve years of age. He also did work for the death metal bands Dies Irae and Panzer X.
On October 29, 2007, while traveling to a show in Gomel, Belarus, Decapitated and the other band that was on the tour bus, Crionics, were involved in a bus accident. The tour bus collided with a truck carrying wood, causing serious head injuries to both Kiełtyka and Adrian Kowanek.
The two were taken to a hospital in Novozybkov, Russia. While Kiełtyka's family released a statement on November 1, 2007, saying that his condition had improved, he underwent trepanation and was due to be transported to a hospital in Kraków, Poland, for further treatment. However, Kiełtyka died on November 2, 2007, at the age of 23.
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Xi Zhang
Xi Zhang (simplified Chinese: 张曦; born 1984 in Kaifeng，China) is a contemporary artist who lives and works in Denver.
Zhang moved to the United States in 2004 after studying painting at he Beijing Institute of Art and Design. He then studied at the Rocky Mountain College of Art and Design in Denver and received a Bachelor of Fine Arts in painting in 2008. That same year, the Denver Post selected Zhang as the 2008 Emerging Artist of the Year for his “well developed, surprising mature vision.”
In 2010 Zhang had a solo exhibition, “Shows Promise,” in the Denver International Airport (Jeppessen Terminal).
In 2011, Zhang was commissioned by CNN to do a painting about post 9/11. On CNN website, Zhang's work received more than four million hits. On October 26, 2011, Zhang was invited to give a Logan Lecture at Denver Art Museum.
He earned a Masters of Fine Art in painting at the University of Colorado at Boulder in 2011. That same year he was voted one of the 12 Best Colorado Artists Under 35 by the Denver Post, as well as one of the seven Visual Arts Pathfinders.
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Xing Huina
Xing Huina (Chinese: 邢慧娜; pinyin: Xíng Huìnà; born February 25, 1984 in Hanting, Weifang, Shandong) is a Chinese track and field athlete.
Xing was born to family of farmers in Hanting, Weifang, Shandong. Standing 1.66 m tall and weighing 50 kg (110 lb), she began training at Weifang City Sport School, coached by Chi Yuzhai. She joined the Shandong Sport Technology Institute in 1999, coached by Yin Yanqin.
She was selected into national team in 2002 after running 4:10.43 in 1500 m and 14:56.15 in 5000 m in 2001 Chinese National Games. In national team, she was coached by Wang Dexian. In 2002, she won bronze medal in 10,000 m in Busan Asian Games with a time of 31:42.36. In 2003, she came in 7th and broke the World Junior Record (30:31.55) in the memorable race of 10,000m at Saint-Denis World Championships. The record was broken by Linet Masai of Kenya at the 2008 Olympics in Beijing.
Xing won the gold medal in the 10,000 m race in the track and field competition at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece with a time of 30:24.36. She overtook Ethiopian Ejagayehu Dibaba in the final straight to break the monopoly of Ethiopians. In Helsinki, she placed 5th in women's 5000 m (14:43.64) and 4th in women's 10,000 m (30:27.18). Both races were won by Ethopian runners. In October 2005, World bronze medalist in 10,000 m in World Championships, Sun Yingjie tested positive in the drug test. National coach for women's long-distance runners, Wang Dexian was banned from coaching for two years due to Sun's offence. The decision of new coach for Xing was not finalized until August, 2006 when her former coach in Shandong Province, Yin Yanqin was assigned to be her coach.
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Xosha Roquemore
Xosha Kai Roquemore(pronouced Zo-sha) (born December 11, 1984) is an American actress. She is best known for her portrayal of Jo Ann in the 2009 film Precious.
Roquemore was born in Los Angeles in 1985. She started with an acting program, The Amazing Grace Conservatory, in ninth grade. After graduating high school, she moved to New York City and graduated from the Tisch program of the New York University.
She was a supporter of Barack Obama in the 2008 presidential election.
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Yesung
Kim Jong Woon (Hangul: 김종운, Hanja: 金鐘雲) was born on 24 August 1984, mononymouly credited by his stage name Yesung. He is a South Korean singer and musical actor. He is best known as a member of the K-pop boy band Super Junior and its subgroups Super Junior-K.R.Y and Super Junior-Happy. He is one of the four main vocalists of Super Junior. His stage name Yesung (Hangul: 예성, Hanja: 藝聲) is translated to "art-like voice" and is derived from the phrase "예술가의 성대", meaning "vocal cords of an artist".
Yesung was born on August 24, 1984 in Seoul and later moved to Cheonan, South Chungcheong at age 10. He is the older son of two; his younger brother's name is Kim Jongjin. From a young age, Yesung expressed an interest in singing. In 1999, he joined a broadcast singing competition and won gold at the Cheonan Singing Competition. In 2001, Yesung's mother signed him up to audition for SM Entertainment's Starlight Casting System, in which he impressed the judges with his "artistic voice", and signed as trainee under SM Entertainment that same year.
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Yigael Yadin
Yigael Yadin (Hebrew: יִגָּאֵל יָדִין, born Yigael Sukenik (Hebrew: יגאל סוקניק) on 21 March 1917, died 28 June 1984) was an Israeli archeologist, politician, and the second Chief of Staff of the Israel Defense Forces.
Yadin was born in 1917 to noted archeologist Eleazar Sukenik and educationalist and women's rights activist Hasya Feinsod Sukenik. He joined the Haganah at age 15, and served there in a variety of different capacities. In 1946, however, he left the Haganah following an argument with its commander Yitzhak Sadeh over the inclusion of a machine gun as part of standard squad equipment.
He was a university student when, in 1947, shortly before the State of Israel declared its independence, he was called back to active service by David Ben-Gurion. He was Head of Operations during Israel's War of Independence, and was responsible for many of the key decisions made during the course of that war. In June 1948 he threatened to resign during the Generals' Revolt during which he accused Ben-Gurion of attempting "to transform the army as a whole into an army of one political party (Mapai)".
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Yoon Eun Hye
Yoon Eun-hye (Korean: 윤은혜; born October 3, 1984) is a South Korean actress, singer, entertainer and model. She debuted as a member of girl group Baby V.O.X, staying with the group from 1999 to 2005. Yoon has since moved on to acting, including a role in Princess Hours, as well as The 1st Shop of Coffee Prince.
Yoon Eun Hye debuted as a member of Baby V.O.X at the age of 15, replacing an ex-member (Lee Gai) in 1999. Yoon was the sub-vocal in the group, known for her cuteness and child-like traits. Being the youngest member of the group, she received little attention and was often overshadowed by her other four members.
Following her replacement, the group released their third album Come Come Come in 1999. This album became their first major success, with their singles “Get Up” and “Killer” reaching the number one spot on the Korean music pop charts. Since then, the group released many hit albums which garnered them not just a large loyal fan base in Korea, but also in China, Thailand and other Asia markets.
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Yu Fengtong
Yu Fengtong (simplified Chinese: 于凤桐; traditional Chinese: 於鳳桐; pinyin: Yú Fèngtóng; born 15 December 1984 in Yichun, Heilongjiang) is a speed skater who has participated in the Olympics for the nation of China.
He is the national recordholder of China on the 500 and 1,000 meters.
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Yua Aida
Yua Aida (あいだゆあ, Aida Yua?) is an award-winning former Japanese model and AV idol.
Yua Aida was born in Aichi Prefecture, Japan, on 12 August 1984. Aida was an active girl and involved in many sporting activities during primary and middle school. Tennis was her strongest sport throughout middle school. In high school, she changed her focus on sports to art, an interest she attributes to her mother. Aida reports that exposure to nude models while oil painting helped her to be more comfortable when she began her AV career. After her graduation from high school, Aida began working at a part-time job. At this time she was scouted by an AV talent agency while shopping in Tokyo's Shinjuku neighborhood. Aida says that she was not impressed with the talent scout, but when she met the company president, she thought, "This guy is really great. I’m gonna work here!"
Aida debuted in photo layouts in 2003, and made her AV debut in the January 2004 DVD release Pichi Pichi. Aida's second video, Your Yua Aida (February 2004) left the fictional narrative format to explore the documentary style common with Japanese adult videos. Within a year of her debut, she had appeared in over 30 videos.[citation needed]
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Yuri Andropov
Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov (Russian: Ю́рий Влади́мирович Андро́пов, tr. Yuriy Vladimirovich Andropov; IPA: [ˈjʉrʲɪj vlɐˈdʲimʲɪrəvʲɪtɕ ɐnˈdropəf]; 15 June [O.S. 2 June] 1914 – 9 February 1984) was a Soviet politician and the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 12 November 1982 until his death fifteen months later.
Andropov was the son of a railway official Vladimir Konstantinovich Andropov, who was a member of a Don Cossack noble family. His mother was Yevgenia Karlovna Fleckenstein, a daughter of a wealthy Moscow businessman, Karl Franzovich Fleckenstein, a German Russian from Vyborg. Andropov was educated at the Rybinsk Water Transport Technical College.
Andropov joined the Komsomol in 1930. He became a member of the Communist Party in 1939 and was First Secretary of the Central Committee of Komsomol in the Soviet Karelo-Finnish Republic from 1940 to 1944.
During World War II, Andropov took part in partisan guerrilla activities in Finland. From 1944 onwards, he left Komsomol for Communist Party work. In 1947, he was elected Second Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Karelo-Finnish SSR.
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Yury Prilukov
Yury Aleksandrovich Prilukov (Russian: Юрий Александрович Прилуков; born 14 June 1984 in Sverdlovsk) is a freestyle swimmer from Russia, who specializes in long distance swimming.
Prilukov is a five-time European champion (long course), eight-time European champion (short course) and five-time World Short Course Champion and has also set three European records. At the 2004 Summer Olympics Prilukov finished sixth in the 400 meters freestyle and fourth in the 1500 metres freestyle. At the 2008 Summer Olympics he finished seventh in the 400 m freestyle and fourth once again in the 1500 m freestyle.
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Zach Parise
Zachary Justin Parise (born July 28, 1984) is an American professional ice hockey left winger of French-Canadian origin and captain of the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League (NHL), where he has played his entire career. Parise's father, J. P. Parisé, was a professional ice hockey player who played for Team Canada at the 1972 Summit Series, and his brother Jordan Parise is a professional hockey goaltender.
Parise played midget AAA hockey for Shattuck-St. Mary's in Faribault, Minnesota, before spending two seasons at the University of North Dakota, where he was twice nominated for the Hobey Baker Award, given to the top college ice hockey player in America. He was drafted by the Devils 17th overall in the 2003 NHL Entry Draft and turned pro after his sophomore season, spending one year playing for the Albany River Rats of the American Hockey League (AHL). Parise joined the Devils for the 2005–06 season. Parise's best NHL season was in 2008–09, when he was the league's third leading goal scorer (45) behind Jeff Carter with 46 and league leader Alexander Ovechkin with 56, while ranking fifth among all NHL players in points with 94.
wn.com/Zach_Parise -
Zach Woods
Zach Woods (born September 25, 1984) is an American actor and comedian. Starting in 2010, he portrayed Gabe Lewis on the NBC sitcom The Office. He was promoted to a series regular beginning in Season 7.
Woods is a regular performer at the Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre and is part of the improvisational sketch troupe "The Stepfathers", whose members also include Bobby Moynihan and Chris Gethard. He has taught improv at Columbia University, Duke University and Lincoln Center. He has appeared in such films as In The Loop, The Other Guys and appeared in the CollegeHumor skit "Adam and Eve in the Friends Zone". In late 2011, Woods appeared in the third season of HBO's Bored to Death.
Woods is also known for starring as Awkward Boy, the protagonist in the Youtube video series The Most Awkward Boy in the World. In 2010, Woods appeared as a zombie in a Starburst candy commercial.
Woods attended New York University's Gallatin School of Individualized Study where he studied the Civil Rights Movement and its relation to Christianity.
wn.com/Zach_Woods -
Zak Whitbread
Zak Benjamin Whitbread (born March 4, 1984) is an American-English soccer player who is now a free agent. He plays as a defender.
Although born in Houston, Texas, United States, Whitbread has spent most of his life in England and Singapore. He has lived in Runcorn for the majority of his life, except for the five years he spent in Singapore when his father, Barry Whitbread, was the coach of the Singapore national football team during the late 1990s. While in Singapore, Whitbread attended the United World College of South East Asia.
While growing up in Runcorn, Whitbread was a fan of Manchester United, but because Liverpool was his father's team of choice, he joined the club's Centre of Excellence at the age of eight, and eventually worked his way through the Academy from under-15s through under-19s before joining the reserve team in 2003.
His first match in a Liverpool jersey took place in 2003 in an exhibition match against Thailand during the club's Far East Tour. He came on to the pitch after the start of the second half, replacing Neil Mellor. Whitbread made his first team debut in the 2004–05 season, and played a number of games alongside Sami Hyypiä in Liverpool's 2005–06 UEFA Champions League qualification campaign. He spent much of the season on loan at Millwall.
wn.com/Zak_Whitbread -
Zakia Mrisho Mohamed
Zakia Mrisho Mohamed (born February 19, 1984) is a Tanzanian long distance runner who specialises in track and road running. She represented her country in the 5000 metres at the 2008 Olympic Games.
Born in Singida, She attended her first major international athletics competition in 2003, taking part in the 3000 metres in which she finished sixth. She won the Cinque Mulini cross country meeting in 2004, becoming the first Tanzanian woman to do so. She was selected for the 2005 IAAF World Cross Country Championships and managed to finish in twentieth place in the long race. She came sixth in the 5000 m at the 2005 World Championships in Athletics and third at the World Athletics Final (3000 m) a month later. She represented Tanzania at the 2006 Commonwealth Games, finishing eighth in the 5000 m final.
At the 2007 IAAF World Cross Country Championships she was 23rd overall but she was less successful on the track, failing to make it out of the 5000 m heats of the 2007 World Championships in Athletics. The same fate awaited her at her first Olympic Games in Beijing the following year, although she did managed a fourth place finish in the 3000 m at the 2008 IAAF World Athletics Final as well as competing in the 5000 m event. She reached her first major global final in the next season at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics, taking 15th place in the 5000 m.
wn.com/Zakia_Mrisho_Mohamed -
Álvaro Parente
Álvaro Parente (born 4 October 1984 in Porto) is a Portuguese racecar driver. Parente's father was also a race driver.
After winning the Karting European Junior Championship in 1998, Parente made his debut in auto racing in 2001 at the age of 16, driving in the Spanish F3 Championship. In the following year, he was integrated into the Team Portugal project and scored a win on his way to 4th place in the series.
Parente than began a more international career in 2003, moving to the F3 Euroseries with Team Ghinzani, but the Mugen-Honda engine proved to be inferior to the Mercedes and he scored a single point. He did better with one-off entries in Italian Formula 3 and at Spa in a round of the British Formula 3 Championship, his first association with Carlin Motorsport, which was repeated that year in the Macau Grand Prix.
This brief contact paved the way for a contract with Carlin for the 2004 season, where he took part in the British series, scoring another win and finishing 7th in the championship standings. He also took part in the Marlboro Masters and at Macau, but in the former the Mugen-Honda could not take the fight to the Mercedes drivers and in the latter he was taken out in the first lap.
wn.com/Álvaro_Parente
- 1984 - David Bowie
- 1984 - Van Halen
- 1984 - Tina Turner
- 1984 - Saves The Day
- 1984 - New Model Army
- 1984 - Billy Squier
- 1984 - Jay Jay Johanson
- 1984 - Roger Miret & The Disasters
- 1984 - Roger Miret And The Disasters
- 1984 - Spirit
- 1984 - Chaotic Alliance
- 1984 - Jamie Kennedy & Stu Stone
Someday they won't let you, now you must agree
The times, they are a-telling, and the changing isn't free
We've read it in the tea leaves, the tracks are on TV
Beware the sound mixture of 1984
They'll split your pretty cranium, and fill it full of air
They'll tell that you're eighty, but brother, you won't care
You'll be shooting up on anything, tomorrow's never there
Beware the sound mixture in 1984
Come see, come see, remember me?
We played love all my movie roll
You said it would last, but I guess we've grown
In 1984, who could ask for more
1984, who could ask for mor-or-or-or-ore
Mor-or-or-or-ore
I'm looking for a vehicle, I'm looking for a ride
I'm looking for a party, I'm looking for a side
I'm looking for the treason that I knew in '65
Beware the sound mixture of 1984
Come see, come see, remember me?
We played love all my movie roll
You said it would last, but I guess we've grown
In 1984, who could ask for more
1984, who could ask for mor-or-or-or-ore
Mor-or-or-or-ore
1984
1984
1984, more
1984,
1984, more
[instrumental]
1984
Someday they won't let you, now you must agree
The times they are a telling and the changing isn't free
They read it in the tea leaves and the tracks are on TV
Beware the savage jaw in 1984
They'll split your pretty cranium and fill it full of air
They'll tell you that you're eighty and really you won't care
You'll be shooting up on everything, tomorrow's never there
Beware the savage jaw in 1984
(Come see, come see, remember me)
I played in an all night movie role
Yeah you said it would last but I guess we've enrolled
In 1984
(Who could ask for more)
1984
(Who could ask for more)
I'm looking for a vehicle, I'm looking for a ride
I'm looking for a party, I'm looking for a side
I'm looking for a treason that I knew in sixty-five
Beware the savage jaw in 1984
(Come see, come see, remember me)
I played in an all night movie role
Yeah you said it would last but I guess we've enrolled
In 1984
(Who could ask for more)
1984
(Who could ask for more)
1984
1984
1984
I'm dead inside and dying more everyday
Castrate my eyes and cut the lines in my face
The alcohol the empty walls regress regress erase regret
Return me now to where I was long ago
Yeah Yeah Yeah
I need you, I need your love.
I'm trying, to rise above.
I want you, to bring me back to life.
I feel their voices in the back of my head
I hear their eyes and turn when nobody is there
The TV screens, the magazines depress disease deny your
dreams
Dislocate drain to drifting losing control
Yeah Yeah Yeah
I need you, I need your love.
I'm trying, to rise above.
I want you, to bring me back to life.
The lack, the need, the fear, the greed
Redeem amend remember when
Return me now to where I was long ago
I need you, I need your love.
I'm trying, to rise above.
The vans they come in convoys now, stealing through the dawn
Silent in the countryside in the hills up to the north
There's road blocks on the Meden bridge
There's click, click clicking on the phone
They're sealing off our villages, sealing off our homes
This ain't some tin-pot story arriving from a distant shore
But our own sweet, green and pleasant land in 1984
Her father crossed the battle lines in the first months of the war
She frowns down at the soup kitchen - she doesn't have a father anymore
It's cold in the early mornings, standing with your mates
Staring at the thick blue line armed and ready at the gates
This ain't some tin-pot story arriving from a distant shore
But our own sweet, green and pleasant land in 1984
The servants of our great nation
Have lied in the name of us all
While the officers of peace and order
Are busy breaking every law
There's hundreds on trumped-up charges
Hundreds on the streets
The future of our villages
Sown with bitter seeds
And hatred starts to rumble where there was no hate before
In our own sweet green and pleasant land in 1984
Nobody wanted to see the blood
As the blue lights flash through in the night
But all the words fell on deaf ears
And now the blind frustration bites
Two nations under one crown divided more and more
In our own sweet green and pleasant land in 1984
From over the air comes a voice without care
Says we're doin' all right
But day out and day in from what he's been sayin'
We're in for a fight
I glance at myself and the world rushin' by
I can see for myself and the fear comes alive
Shades of termination--we're dyin' to survive
1984
Machine is the mind--it will rule by design
So you're never alone
We store information without confirmation
Accept the unknown
I think to myself of the times we have tried
To be true to ourselves and to live with the lie
Avoid the contradictions--just keep yourself alive
1984
I can't help it...I can't help it...I can't help it...
Life is your decision--we choose to do or die
Can you live with the reality of 1985
Polite conversation ain't no consolation
For blanks in your eyes
Amidst the confusion there lives the illusion
That love will survive
But I got a chance with myself if I try
To be sure of myself and myself choose to try
Fight for stimulation and love to stay alive
Saturday I've come to hate you so
You hesitate to show me how
When I need your embrace
It's too late, it's already been to long
And now it seems so wrong to sit
All by myself and wait
Closer 1984
Valentine, still I want it more
Lonely tears were falling on New Year's Eve
It might be the worst but at least
It's only once a year
But Saturday the loneliest day of all
If somebody made a call to me
But maybe I would explain
Closer 1984
Valentine, still I want it more
Closer 1984
Paradise, still I want it more
Closer 1984
Valentine, still I want it more
Closer 1984
In 1984 we ruled the streets of New York City
Street rock'n'roll, Street Hardcore!
In the day we sweat it out
For the love of the Lower East side
With our gangs Street fights!
1984! Short hair rock'n'roll!
1984! Skinheads!
Society tried its best to kill us
But we knew never to turn
Glory days of 1984!
We were the endangered species
We fucking blew them all to pieces!
In 1984 we ruled the streets of New York City
Street rock'n'roll, Street Hardcore!
In the day we sweat it out
For the love of the Lower East side
With our gangs Street fights!
1984! Short hair rock'n'roll!
1984! Skinheads!
Society tried its best to kill us
But we knew never to turn
Glory days of 1984!
We were the endangered species
We fucking blew them all to pieces!
With our strive and our loyalty
1984
Knockin' on your door
Will you let it come?
Will you let it run your life?
1984
Knockin' on your door
Will you let it come?
Will you let it run your life?
Someone will be waiting for you at your door
When you get home tonight
Ah yes, he's gonna tell you darkness gives you much more
Than you get from the light
Classic plastic guards well they're your special friend
He sees you every night
Well he call himself the brother but you know it's no game
You're never out of his sight
1984
Knockin' on your door
Will you let it come?
Will you let it run your life?
It's time you started thinking inside your head
That you should stand up and fight
Oh just where will you be when your freedom is dead
Won't you listen tonight?
Those classic plastic coppers, they are your special friends
They see you every night
Well they call themselves protection but they know it's no game
You're never out of their sight
1984
Knockin' on your door
Will you let it come?
Will you let it run?
1984
Knockin' on your door
Will you let it come?
Past is altered by the future, how can the past ever be true?
If the present day people make false facts they can blind you
The truth is now a lie and all history is erased
Double think, thought crimes, all made to keep you in your place
1984 - You are a slave day in, day out
1984 - Just a time slot nine to five is what it's all about
1984 - Hard-line, war crimes, what you know
1984 - Take away all the facts, then we can't fucking grow
In my room the cameras sit on every side of me
Silently I sit and watch the death of privacy
The Proles live freely because they don't pose threat
To become a Party member's something you'll regret
1984 - We all stay distracted stapled to our telescreens
1984 - Keeping us convinced we're not just another machine
1984 - Hard-line, war crimes, what you know
1984 - Take away all the facts, then we can't fucking grow
Everyone sit down for Two Minute Hate is here
And watch the enemy Goldstein march his troops in fear
But after that Big Brother is there to save the day
To make you believe in what he's about to say
1984 - Everyone speaks in code or what they call Newspeak
1984 - While slowly they erase another word each week
1984 - Hard line, war crimes, what you know
1984 - Take away all the facts you can't fucking grow
1984 - Death of a man, is creation of another
1984 - I geuss that is life under Big Brother
1984 - If there is hope it lies in the Proles
1984 - But without change man will decompose
"War is peace!"
"Freedom is slavery!"
"Ignorance is strength!"
[Jamie Kennedy:]
1984 lying in the grass,
First time I ever got some ass.
Pop rock in my mouth, wanna go down south,
But the whopper in my stomach really gave me gas
[Stu Stone:]
Listen ya crazy mutha fucka, lets get class,
I got a fresh pack of hubba bubba berry blast
I got money to kill n' ass to burn,
Drive car in the wall and a salon perm
[Jamie Kennedy:]
Michael Jackson's got a glove, (I kinda like his glove) and the radios pickin a song, (I need love)
I do too, so I hit the pavement, with my homeboy Stu.
[Stu Stone:]
Break out the cardboard, breakout the beat box, take off your new shoes, pop lockin' in sox.
Hey Stu, I got the robot down on lock, I got a Cabbage Patch kid, and is still in box.
[Chorus: Both]
Where's the beef? Where? Where? Where's the Beef? (Where the beef at bitch!)
Where's the beef? Where? Where? Where's the Beef? (Who's got beef?)
[Stu Stone:]
Where's da beef, mutha fucka, it's in your teeth. While your girlfriends underneath
Why you chewin, n perusin , start on screwin, ya super freak!
[Jamie Kennedy:]
Maybe super freaky, but im super cool. I got a He-Man thermos that I rock at school.
My melacosta? clean, and im fresh on the scene. Got a rubix cube, cant figure out man...
[Stu Stone:]
I got a rubix cube to, but mines all black, I just peel off all the stickers and don't put em back.
Nancy got me feelin antsy , sayin no to drugs. Mr. Drumond givin Arnold n Willis more hugs.
[Chorus]
To the left, left, left. To the right, right, right.
To the left, left, left. To the right, right, right.
Now everybody!
Are you ready to dance?
RELEASE
ALBUMS
- Bindhifa
- Aratheh
- Hindhukolhu
- Kurin
- Kuridhathuru
- Vareyge Hinyani
- Abadhah Dhaandhen
- Barahanaa
- Musthaqbal
- Heevumeh
- Całe miasto śpi
- Głębia
- Wieże Babilonu
- Ćma
- 2007
- Mija moda na psychozę
- Plastikowy ocean
- Zahipnotyzuj mnie
- Dla kogo pracujesz
- Zimna kraina
- Terror stygmatyzer
- Człowiek
- Cocooning
- Cache-Cache
- Skandiska
- L'homme aux os
- Swoon
- Desert dancers
- The missing voice
- Baikal amour magistral
- The last men
- The wait
- By Dint
- Pierwszy śnieg
- Wstajemy na raz, śpiewamy na dwa
- Święto urodzaju
- Ferma hodowlana
- Zaśpiewaj wojowniku
- Manitou
- Zabiłem pająka
- Pierwszy dzień zmartwychwstania
- Ferma hodowlana
- Sztuczne oddychanie
- Radio Niebieskie Oczy Heleny
- Wstajemy na raz, śpiewamy na dwa
- Tu nie będzie rewolucji
- Specjalny rodzaj kontrastu
- Biała chorągiewka
- Czas pokonanych
- Pod szkłem
- Pierwszy front
- Niech płoną sny
- Komisariat
- Miejscowe znieczulenie
- Adelajda Formalina
- Jadowitym paznokciem
- Soft Medicine
- Drogowskazy
- Kocia wiara
- Sztuczne oddychanie
- Nie rozum nie człowiek
- Pierwszy dzień zmartwychwstania
- Brak tlenu
- Ferma hodowlana
- 60 razy na godzinę
- Na jednej chmurze do nieba
- Pierwszy śnieg
- Adelajda formalina
- Biała chorągiewka
- Jadowitym paznokciem
- Brak tlenu
- Pierwszy dzień zmartwychwstania
- Radio Niebieskie Oczy Heleny
- Biegnący wzdłuż koła
- Zespolenie rytmu
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1984 George Orwell Movie Trailer (1984)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:39
- Updated: 02 Feb 2013
New trailer for 1984(1984) starring John Hurt. Edited by Lectorsmith.
http://wn.com/1984_George_Orwell_Movie_Trailer_1984
New trailer for 1984(1984) starring John Hurt. Edited by Lectorsmith.
'1984' Apple Macintosh Commercial (Full advert, Hi-Quality)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:12
- Updated: 03 Feb 2013
This is the full video of '1984', the commercial released by Apple on 22nd January 1984, during the Third Quarter of Super Bowl XVIII. This was it's only day time release; Other screenings were in the cinema's. For those confused, it is based on George Orwells book 1984, in which society is controlled by Big Brother and is being watched/heard night and day. On top of this, they are fuelled with hatred for the past and other societies other than their own. '1984' the commercial is based around one of the Two Minute Hate scenes, in which Apples case, the young woman in red shorts is suggesting Apple Macintosh will give people freedom in computing like never before (IBM was the main competitor at the time). The crowd of emotionless people are the members of the Big Brother society, taking in all the propaganda. The old chap in the large screen is Big Brother. Thanks for looking!
http://wn.com/'1984'_Apple_Macintosh_Commercial_Full_advert,_Hi-Quality
This is the full video of '1984', the commercial released by Apple on 22nd January 1984, during the Third Quarter of Super Bowl XVIII. This was it's only day time release; Other screenings were in the cinema's. For those confused, it is based on George Orwells book 1984, in which society is controlled by Big Brother and is being watched/heard night and day. On top of this, they are fuelled with hatred for the past and other societies other than their own. '1984' the commercial is based around one of the Two Minute Hate scenes, in which Apples case, the young woman in red shorts is suggesting Apple Macintosh will give people freedom in computing like never before (IBM was the main competitor at the time). The crowd of emotionless people are the members of the Big Brother society, taking in all the propaganda. The old chap in the large screen is Big Brother. Thanks for looking!
- published: 27 Aug 2008
- views: 1866118
- author: miniroll32
1984 The Movie - part1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:37
- Updated: 01 Feb 2013
1984 part 1
http://wn.com/1984_The_Movie_part1
George Orwell "1984" Big Brother Is Watching You !
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 107:31
- Updated: 01 Feb 2013
A 1954 TV Production of George Orwell's novel "1984" A story about government surveillance and mind control where independent thinking and individualism is forbidden.
http://wn.com/George_Orwell_1984_Big_Brother_Is_Watching_You_!
A 1954 TV Production of George Orwell's novel "1984" A story about government surveillance and mind control where independent thinking and individualism is forbidden.
- published: 25 Jun 2012
- views: 6687
- author: logolou
The Best Songs Of 1984
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:27
- Updated: 02 Feb 2013
The Best Songs Of 1984
http://wn.com/The_Best_Songs_Of_1984
Eurythmics "Sex Crime" 1984
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:45
- Updated: 01 Feb 2013
From the seriously under appreciated soundtrack album 1984 (For the Love of Big Brother) I do not own rights to this Video. All copyright holders shall be respected.
http://wn.com/Eurythmics_Sex_Crime_1984
From the seriously under appreciated soundtrack album 1984 (For the Love of Big Brother) I do not own rights to this Video. All copyright holders shall be respected.
- published: 01 Mar 2009
- views: 509228
- author: empressefireland
Vote Different
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:14
- Updated: 02 Feb 2013
Make up your own mind. Decide for yourself who should be our next president. NOTE: This is a mashup of the famous Apple 1984 Super Bowl ad. Search for the original on YouTube.
http://wn.com/Vote_Different
Make up your own mind. Decide for yourself who should be our next president. NOTE: This is a mashup of the famous Apple 1984 Super Bowl ad. Search for the original on YouTube.
- published: 05 Mar 2007
- views: 6364089
- author: ParkRidge47
1984 (John Hurt) - Official Trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:00
- Updated: 01 Feb 2013
George Orwell's novel of a totalitarian future society in which a man whose daily work is rewriting history tries to rebel by falling in love. After The Atomic War the world is divided into three states. London is the capital of Oceania, ruled by a party who has total control over all its citizens. Winston Smith is one of the bureaucrats, rewriting history in one of the departments. One day he commits the crime of falling in love with Julia. They try to escape Big Brother's listening and viewing devices, but, of course, nobody can really escape... Released on Directed by: Michael Radford Starring: John Hurt, Richard Burton, Suzanna Hamilton, Cyril Cusack, Peter Frye
http://wn.com/1984_John_Hurt_Official_Trailer
George Orwell's novel of a totalitarian future society in which a man whose daily work is rewriting history tries to rebel by falling in love. After The Atomic War the world is divided into three states. London is the capital of Oceania, ruled by a party who has total control over all its citizens. Winston Smith is one of the bureaucrats, rewriting history in one of the departments. One day he commits the crime of falling in love with Julia. They try to escape Big Brother's listening and viewing devices, but, of course, nobody can really escape... Released on Directed by: Michael Radford Starring: John Hurt, Richard Burton, Suzanna Hamilton, Cyril Cusack, Peter Frye
- published: 09 Mar 2011
- views: 38223
- author: thecultbox
Apple 1984 Super Bowl Commercial Introducing Macintosh Computer (HD)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:04
- Updated: 01 Feb 2013
Iconic 1984 Apple Computer Macintosh commercial conceived by Chiat/Day and directed by Ridley Scott was nationally aired on television only once - during the 3rd quarter of the 1984 Super Bowl football game. Based on George Orwell's novel, Nineteen Eighty-Four (authored in 1949) the spot provided the allegory of the new Apple Macintosh computer providing an inspirational creative spark that would free individuals from the overbearing control of "Big Brother" - presumably, IBM's Personal computer.
http://wn.com/Apple_1984_Super_Bowl_Commercial_Introducing_Macintosh_Computer_HD
Iconic 1984 Apple Computer Macintosh commercial conceived by Chiat/Day and directed by Ridley Scott was nationally aired on television only once - during the 3rd quarter of the 1984 Super Bowl football game. Based on George Orwell's novel, Nineteen Eighty-Four (authored in 1949) the spot provided the allegory of the new Apple Macintosh computer providing an inspirational creative spark that would free individuals from the overbearing control of "Big Brother" - presumably, IBM's Personal computer.
- published: 26 Jun 2010
- views: 100736
- author: Robert Cole
1984 (Nineteen Eighty-Four) (trailer)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:16
- Updated: 19 Jan 2013
Winston Smith endures a squalid existence in totalitarian Oceania under the constant surveillance of Big Brother. But his life takes a horrifying turn when he begins a forbidden love affair and commits the crime of independent thought. Sent to the chillingly labelled "Ministry of Love", he is placed at the mercy of O'Brien (Burton), a coolly treacherous leader determined to control his thoughts and crush his soul... Please also watch Bradbury's: Fahrenheit 451 ( imdb.com ) Ayn Rand: A Sense of Life (DVD) The Fountainhead (DVD) www.getwhatyoupayfor.com http
http://wn.com/1984_Nineteen_Eighty-Four_trailer
Winston Smith endures a squalid existence in totalitarian Oceania under the constant surveillance of Big Brother. But his life takes a horrifying turn when he begins a forbidden love affair and commits the crime of independent thought. Sent to the chillingly labelled "Ministry of Love", he is placed at the mercy of O'Brien (Burton), a coolly treacherous leader determined to control his thoughts and crush his soul... Please also watch Bradbury's: Fahrenheit 451 ( imdb.com ) Ayn Rand: A Sense of Life (DVD) The Fountainhead (DVD) www.getwhatyoupayfor.com http
- published: 29 Jun 2007
- views: 65062
- author: mearbhrach
Apples 1984 Commercial
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:02
- Updated: 31 Jan 2013
Apples 1984 which aired at half-time of the Super Bowl, directed by Ridley Scott, this is the remake version made in 2004, added the ipod to it.
http://wn.com/Apples_1984_Commercial
Apples 1984 which aired at half-time of the Super Bowl, directed by Ridley Scott, this is the remake version made in 2004, added the ipod to it.
- published: 02 Feb 2006
- views: 124723
- author: eons
Nena - 99 Luftballons 1984
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:53
- Updated: 02 Feb 2013
Nena - 99 Luftballons (1984) German version. I love that song :)
http://wn.com/Nena_99_Luftballons_1984
Nena - 99 Luftballons (1984) German version. I love that song :)
- published: 24 Nov 2006
- views: 5275727
- author: Wyxzzer
Apple Macintosh Ad - Aired during the SuperBowl 1984
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:42
- Updated: 31 Jan 2013
This is an Apple ad that is for Macintosh computers, aired during the SuperBowl in 1984
http://wn.com/Apple_Macintosh_Ad_Aired_during_the_SuperBowl_1984
This is an Apple ad that is for Macintosh computers, aired during the SuperBowl in 1984
- published: 10 Nov 2009
- views: 47731
- author: ForAppleVideos
Is 1984 Now?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:16
- Updated: 02 Feb 2013
George Orwell's dystopian novel continues to come true in too many ways.
http://wn.com/Is_1984_Now?
George Orwell's dystopian novel continues to come true in too many ways.
- published: 13 Nov 2012
- views: 65626
- author: SenatorRandPaul
1984 By George Orwell (Audiobook) Part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 44:06
- Updated: 02 Feb 2013
1984 By George Orwell Part 1 Audiobook
http://wn.com/1984_By_George_Orwell_Audiobook_Part_1
Van Halen - Jump (HQ music video)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:02
- Updated: 03 Feb 2013
Van Halen "Jump" available on iTunes: tinyurl.com Artist: Van Halen Album: 1984 Label: Warner Brothers Records Year: 1984 This official music video is copyright 1984 Warner Brothers Records. I do not claim ownership to this video or song. All rights reserved by copyright holders. Vocals: David Lee Roth Guitar: Eddie Van Halen Bass: Michael Anthony Drums: Alex Van Halen The lyrics are posted below: I get up, and nothing gets me down. You got it tough. I've seen the toughest soul around. And I know, baby, just how you feel. You've got to roll with the punches to get to what's real Oh can't you see me standing here, I've got my back against the record machine I ain't the worst that you've seen. Oh can't you see what I mean ? Might as well jump. Jump ! Might as well jump. Go ahead, jump. Jump ! Go ahead, jump. Aaa-ohh Hey you ! Who said that ? Baby how you been ? You say you don't know, you won't know until you begin. Well can't you see me standing here, I've got my back against the record machine I ain't the worst that you've seen. Oh can't you see what I mean ? Might as well jump. Jump! Go ahead, jump. Might as well jump. Jump! Go ahead, jump. Jump! (guitar solo) (keyboard solo) Part of the video version: Aaa-ohh! Might as well jump. Jump! Go ahead, jump. Get it and jump. Jump! Go ahead, jump Jump! Jump! Jump! Jump!
http://wn.com/Van_Halen_Jump_HQ_music_video
Van Halen "Jump" available on iTunes: tinyurl.com Artist: Van Halen Album: 1984 Label: Warner Brothers Records Year: 1984 This official music video is copyright 1984 Warner Brothers Records. I do not claim ownership to this video or song. All rights reserved by copyright holders. Vocals: David Lee Roth Guitar: Eddie Van Halen Bass: Michael Anthony Drums: Alex Van Halen The lyrics are posted below: I get up, and nothing gets me down. You got it tough. I've seen the toughest soul around. And I know, baby, just how you feel. You've got to roll with the punches to get to what's real Oh can't you see me standing here, I've got my back against the record machine I ain't the worst that you've seen. Oh can't you see what I mean ? Might as well jump. Jump ! Might as well jump. Go ahead, jump. Jump ! Go ahead, jump. Aaa-ohh Hey you ! Who said that ? Baby how you been ? You say you don't know, you won't know until you begin. Well can't you see me standing here, I've got my back against the record machine I ain't the worst that you've seen. Oh can't you see what I mean ? Might as well jump. Jump! Go ahead, jump. Might as well jump. Jump! Go ahead, jump. Jump! (guitar solo) (keyboard solo) Part of the video version: Aaa-ohh! Might as well jump. Jump! Go ahead, jump. Get it and jump. Jump! Go ahead, jump Jump! Jump! Jump! Jump!
- published: 21 Nov 2009
- views: 17112496
- author: Louvers
Van Halen-1984 (full album) 1984
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 33:30
- Updated: 02 Feb 2013
1984 (written as MCMLXXXIV on the front cover) is the sixth studio album by American hard rock band Van Halen. One of the band's most popular albums (in terms of both record sales and chart performance), 1984 was the final album featuring singer David Lee Roth until 2012 when the band released A Different Kind of Truth 1.1984 (0:00-1:08) 2.Jump (1:08-5:13) 3.Panama (5:13-8:46) 4.Top Jimmy (8:46-11:48) 5.Drop Dead Legs (11:48-16:03) 6.Hot For Teacher (16:03-20:48) 7.I'll Wait (20:48-25:33) 8.Girl Gone Bad (25:33-30:09) 9.House Of Pain (30:09-33:29)
http://wn.com/Van_Halen-1984_full_album_1984
1984 (written as MCMLXXXIV on the front cover) is the sixth studio album by American hard rock band Van Halen. One of the band's most popular albums (in terms of both record sales and chart performance), 1984 was the final album featuring singer David Lee Roth until 2012 when the band released A Different Kind of Truth 1.1984 (0:00-1:08) 2.Jump (1:08-5:13) 3.Panama (5:13-8:46) 4.Top Jimmy (8:46-11:48) 5.Drop Dead Legs (11:48-16:03) 6.Hot For Teacher (16:03-20:48) 7.I'll Wait (20:48-25:33) 8.Girl Gone Bad (25:33-30:09) 9.House Of Pain (30:09-33:29)
- published: 19 Feb 2012
- views: 653448
- author: Greenmanalishi91666
Van Halen - Hot For Teacher (HQ music video)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:34
- Updated: 03 Feb 2013
Van Halen "Hot For Teacher" available on iTunes: tinyurl.com Artist: Van Halen Album: 1984 Label: Warner Brothers Records Year: 1984 This official music video is copyright 1984 Warner Brothers Records. I do not claim ownership to this video or song. All rights reserved by copyright holders. Vocals: David Lee Roth Guitar: Eddie Van Halen Bass: Michael Anthony Drums: Alex Van Halen The lyrics are posted below: Oh, wow, man, I said Wait a second, man What do you think the teacher's gonna look like this year? F-ck man! Uh! Oh yeah! TT-teacher stop that screamin' Teacher don't you see? Don't wanna be no uptown fool Maybe I should go to hell But I am doing well Teacher needs to see me after school I think of all the education that I've missed But then my homework was never quite like this! Ow! Got it bad, Got it bad, Got it bad, I'm hot for teacher! I've got it bad, so bad I'm hot for teacher! Hey, I heard you missed us We're back! (Hey!) I brought my pencil Give me something to write on, man! Whoa Uh! Ooo-oo-ooo I heard about your lessons but lessons are so cold I didn't know about this school Little girl from Cherry Lawn How can you be so bold? How did you know that golden rule? I think of all the education that I've missed But then my homework was never quite like this! Whoa! Got it bad, Got it bad, Got it bad, I'm hot for teacher! I've got it bad, so bad I'm hot for teacher! Whoa! (Guitar Solo) Oh man, I think the clock is slow (What are you doin' this weekend?) I don't ...
http://wn.com/Van_Halen_Hot_For_Teacher_HQ_music_video
Van Halen "Hot For Teacher" available on iTunes: tinyurl.com Artist: Van Halen Album: 1984 Label: Warner Brothers Records Year: 1984 This official music video is copyright 1984 Warner Brothers Records. I do not claim ownership to this video or song. All rights reserved by copyright holders. Vocals: David Lee Roth Guitar: Eddie Van Halen Bass: Michael Anthony Drums: Alex Van Halen The lyrics are posted below: Oh, wow, man, I said Wait a second, man What do you think the teacher's gonna look like this year? F-ck man! Uh! Oh yeah! TT-teacher stop that screamin' Teacher don't you see? Don't wanna be no uptown fool Maybe I should go to hell But I am doing well Teacher needs to see me after school I think of all the education that I've missed But then my homework was never quite like this! Ow! Got it bad, Got it bad, Got it bad, I'm hot for teacher! I've got it bad, so bad I'm hot for teacher! Hey, I heard you missed us We're back! (Hey!) I brought my pencil Give me something to write on, man! Whoa Uh! Ooo-oo-ooo I heard about your lessons but lessons are so cold I didn't know about this school Little girl from Cherry Lawn How can you be so bold? How did you know that golden rule? I think of all the education that I've missed But then my homework was never quite like this! Whoa! Got it bad, Got it bad, Got it bad, I'm hot for teacher! I've got it bad, so bad I'm hot for teacher! Whoa! (Guitar Solo) Oh man, I think the clock is slow (What are you doin' this weekend?) I don't ...
- published: 02 Nov 2009
- views: 2040493
- author: Louvers
Apple 1984 spanish
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:10
- Updated: 27 Jan 2013
Apple video 1984 subtitulado en español
http://wn.com/Apple_1984_spanish
Supergirl
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 115:22
- Updated: 01 Feb 2013
After a power source for the community of Krypton survivors is accidentally whisked to earth, Kara-El, cousin to Superman and niece to Jor-El, chooses to go to earth to find it, and bring it back. Upon her arrival, she becomes just as powerful and Super as her cousin, but encounters dangerous battles and unexpected obstacles when a mean spirited woman who practices rituals of the occult takes the power source for herself, and uses it to cause destruction and attempt zenith human status.
http://wn.com/Supergirl
After a power source for the community of Krypton survivors is accidentally whisked to earth, Kara-El, cousin to Superman and niece to Jor-El, chooses to go to earth to find it, and bring it back. Upon her arrival, she becomes just as powerful and Super as her cousin, but encounters dangerous battles and unexpected obstacles when a mean spirited woman who practices rituals of the occult takes the power source for herself, and uses it to cause destruction and attempt zenith human status.
- published: 19 Nov 2012
- views: 22343
- author: TheCinecurryTamil
Footloose - Kenny Loggins ( Original Music Video ) HD / HQ 1984
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:50
- Updated: 03 Feb 2013
Footloose (1984) - Final Dance Version in HD www.youtube.com "Footloose" is the title of a song co-written and recorded by American singer-songwriter Kenny Loggins. It was released in January 1984 as the first of two single by Loggins from the 1984 film of the same name. The song spent three weeks at number one, March 31—April 14, 1984 on the US Billboard Hot 100, and was the first of two number-one hits from the motion picture, Footloose. The song was very well received, and is one of the most recognizable songs recorded by Loggins. When the American Film Institute released its AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs, "Footloose" reached the 96th position. The song was covered by country music artist Blake Shelton for the 2011 remake of the 1984 film.
http://wn.com/Footloose_Kenny_Loggins_Original_Music_Video_HD_HQ_1984
Footloose (1984) - Final Dance Version in HD www.youtube.com "Footloose" is the title of a song co-written and recorded by American singer-songwriter Kenny Loggins. It was released in January 1984 as the first of two single by Loggins from the 1984 film of the same name. The song spent three weeks at number one, March 31—April 14, 1984 on the US Billboard Hot 100, and was the first of two number-one hits from the motion picture, Footloose. The song was very well received, and is one of the most recognizable songs recorded by Loggins. When the American Film Institute released its AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs, "Footloose" reached the 96th position. The song was covered by country music artist Blake Shelton for the 2011 remake of the 1984 film.
- published: 31 Mar 2012
- views: 1128558
- author: lineusan
Top 10 Songs of 1984
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:57
- Updated: 03 Feb 2013
a-ha Cyndi Lauper Stevie Wonder Kenny Loggins Madonna Wham! Split Enz Foreigner George Michael John Waite Visit www.AllTimeClassicSongs.com for more great classic songs.
http://wn.com/Top_10_Songs_of_1984
a-ha Cyndi Lauper Stevie Wonder Kenny Loggins Madonna Wham! Split Enz Foreigner George Michael John Waite Visit www.AllTimeClassicSongs.com for more great classic songs.
- published: 19 Oct 2008
- views: 5658458
- author: Martin Sejas
photo: AP / Manish
02 Feb 2013
NEW DELHI — A crowd of Tibetans came here to India’s capital last week, bearing flags and political banners and a bittersweet admixture of hope and despair. A grim countdown was under way. The number of Tibetans who have set themselves on fire to protest Chinese rule in Tibet had reached 99, one short of an anguished milestone. Enlarge This Image. Freetibet.org, via Associated Press ... Related ... Connect With Us on Twitter ... (Mr ... Mr ... ....(size: 10.7Kb)
photo: AP / ESPN Images, Eric Lards Bakke
31 Jan 2013
A freestyle snowmobile rider hurt in a crash at last week's Winter X Games in Colorado has died at the age of 25. Caleb Moore was attempting a backflip when his snowmobile caught the edge of a landing area, sending him over the handlebars. The 450-lb (204-kg) snowmobile rolled over him ... 'Deeply saddened' ... ....(size: 1.7Kb)
photo: AP / Manu Brabo
01 Feb 2013
Hillary Clinton, the outgoing US secretary of state, has warned that Iran is stepping up its support for Syrian President Bashar al-Assad while Russia is continuing to send money and arms to the regime. Clinton on Thursday accused Tehran of sending into Syria "more personnel" to support and advise military security forces in their fight against the armed opposition ... "The Iranians have been actively involved from the very beginning ... ....(size: 19.0Kb)
photo: AP / Elise Amendola
02 Feb 2013
BOSTON. Harvard University said Friday it issued academic sanctions against about 60 students who were forced to withdraw from school for a period of time in a cheating scandal that involved the final exam in a class on Congress, drawing criticism from a high-profile alumnus. The school implicated as many as 125 students in the scandal when officials first addressed the issue last year. . ... . ... . ... ....(size: 5.1Kb)
photo: AP / Harouna Traore
02 Feb 2013
UNITED NATIONS. The United Nations expressed alarm Friday over reported mob lynchings and other reprisal killings of Tuaregs and Arabs as the Malian army retakes control of the north of the country. Adama Dieng, a special adviser to UN leader Ban Ki-moon on the prevention of genocide, said there have been "serious allegations" of summary executions by the Malian army, which could amount to "atrocity crimes." ... ....(size: 2.4Kb)
Tampabay.com
03 Feb 2013
John Woodrow CoxTampa Bay Times. ADVERTISEMENT. ADVERTISEMENT. Story Tools Print this story Purchase reprints Contact the editor Email Newsletters. ST. PETERSBURG — The men had come to the gray stucco home on Fairfield Avenue S to listen. Three generations of Pinellas County's African-American leadership sat around the living-room table on that warm afternoon in May 2009 ... Be bold ... He had founded the Ebony Scholars program in 1984 ... 1984....(size: 6.2Kb)
Tampabay.com
03 Feb 2013
John Woodrow CoxTampa Bay Times In Print. Sunday, February 3, 2013. ADVERTISEMENT. ADVERTISEMENT. Story Tools Print this story Purchase reprints Contact the editor Email Newsletters. ST. PETERSBURG — The men had come to the gray stucco home on Fairfield Avenue S to listen ... Vyrle Davis had invited them. Parkinson's disease had bound him to a wheelchair. He seldom left his house ... Mr ... He had founded the Ebony Scholars program in 1984 ... 1984....(size: 6.4Kb)
The Washington Post
03 Feb 2013
Vasilios S. Kavarligos, 55, the owner of a painting business in Alexandria, died Dec. 26 at his home in McLean. He had a brain tumor, his wife, Demetra Tsantes, said. Loading... Comments Weigh In Corrections? ... Kavarligos came to the Washington area from his native Greece in 1984 ... ....(size: 1.9Kb)
Dayton Daily News
03 Feb 2013
Sporting News
03 Feb 2013
The Times of India
03 Feb 2013
... in may 1984 following merger of Jharia Water Board and Jharia Mines Board .Its main job is to ensure sanitation and water supply in the mines bearing areas of Dhanbad district....(size: 0.9Kb)
Sacramento Bee
03 Feb 2013
Peterson ran for 2,097 yards, which was eight shy of Eric Dickerson's record set in 1984 ... Order Reprint ....(size: 0.6Kb)
Star Telegram
03 Feb 2013
The Sports Network. Minnesota Vikings running back Adrian Peterson was named the NFL's Most Valuable Player Saturday, as voted by the Associated Press ... He finished with 2,097 yards, just eight yards shy of Eric Dickerson's NFL record 2,105 yards in 1984 ... ....(size: 1.3Kb)
Starpulse
03 Feb 2013
Happy Birthday to.. Actress Isla Fisher (1976). Singer Sean Kingston (1990). Actor Ryne Sanborn (1989). Singer Daddy Yankee (1977). Actress Elisa Donovan (1971) ... 1982) ... 1984) ... or ... ....(size: 1.1Kb)
The Washington Post
03 Feb 2013
Loading... Comments Weigh In Corrections?. Recommend. Personal Post. Zeke Marshall and Demetrius Treadwell contributed double-doubles for Akron ... Cooper passed Grayson Marshall (Clemson, 1984-88) for 19th on the all-time Division I assists list and now has 861 ... All rights reserved ... ....(size: 1.7Kb)
Reuters
03 Feb 2013
The 27-year-old Peterson rushed for 2,097 yards falling just short of the record set by Eric Dickerson of the Los Angeles Rams in 1984, and his brilliant effort helped the Vikings register a 10-6 record to earn a trip to the postseason ... "I was definitely hoping to get to the Super Bowl....(size: 1.5Kb)
my SA
03 Feb 2013
FREDERICKSBURG — He was only 9 when the law raided his family's Kerr County homestead in 1984 and their surname, Ellebracht, became synonymous with kidnapping and torture, and their sprawling property given the nickname “Texas Slave Ranch.” ... But details that emerged after the April 1984 raid, triggered by an escaped worker's call to the Texas Rangers, surprised even the family's closest friends....(size: 12.6Kb)
my SA
03 Feb 2013
FREDERICKSBURG — He was only 9 when the law raided his family's Kerr County homestead in 1984 and their surname, Ellebracht, became synonymous with kidnapping and torture, and their sprawling property given the nickname “Texas Slave Ranch.” ... But details that emerged after the April 1984 raid, triggered by an escaped worker's call to the Texas Rangers, surprised even the family's closest friends....(size: 12.7Kb)
This article is about the year 1984. For the number, see 1984 (number). For the novel by George Orwell, see Nineteen Eighty-Four. For other uses, see 1984 (disambiguation).
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 19th century – 20th century – 21st century |
| Decades: | 1950s 1960s 1970s – 1980s – 1990s 2000s 2010s |
| Years: | 1981 1982 1983 – 1984 – 1985 1986 1987 |
| 1984 by topic: |
| Subject |
| By country |
| Leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Works and introductions categories |
| Gregorian calendar | 1984 MCMLXXXIV |
| Ab urbe condita | 2737 |
| Armenian calendar | 1433 ԹՎ ՌՆԼԳ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6734 |
| Bahá'í calendar | 140–141 |
| Bengali calendar | 1391 |
| Berber calendar | 2934 |
| British Regnal year | 32 Eliz. 2 – 33 Eliz. 2 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2528 |
| Burmese calendar | 1346 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7492–7493 |
| Chinese calendar | 癸亥年十一月廿九日 (4620/4680-11-29) — to —
甲子年十一月初十日(4621/4681-11-10) |
| Coptic calendar | 1700–1701 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1976–1977 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5744–5745 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 2040–2041 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1906–1907 |
| - Kali Yuga | 5085–5086 |
| Holocene calendar | 11984 |
| Iranian calendar | 1362–1363 |
| Islamic calendar | 1404–1405 |
| Japanese calendar | Shōwa 59 (昭和59年) |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 13 days |
| Korean calendar | 4317 |
| Minguo calendar | ROC 73 民國73年 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2527 |
| Unix time | 441763200–473385599 |
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: 1984 |
1984 (MCMLXXXIV) was a leap year that started on a Sunday, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. It is the 1984th year of the Common Era or A.D.; the 984th year of the 2nd millennium; the 84th year of the 20th century; and the 5th year of the 1980s decade.
Events[link]
January[link]
- January 1
- US Bell System is broken up.
- Brunei becomes a fully independent state.
- January 3 – U.S. President Ronald Reagan meets with Navy Lieutenant Robert Goodman and the Reverend Jesse Jackson at the White House, following Lieutenant Goodman's release from Syrian captivity.
- January 7 – Brunei becomes the 6th member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).
- January 10
- The United States and the Vatican establish full diplomatic relations.[1]
- Victoria Agreement signed.
- January 18 – The Mitsui Miike coal mine explosion at Ōmuta, Fukuoka, Japan kills 83.
- January 24 – The Apple Macintosh is introduced.
February[link]
- February 1 – Medicare comes into effect in Australia.
- February 3
- Dr. John Buster and the research team at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center announce history's first embryo transfer, from one woman to another resulting in a live birth.
- STS-41-B: Space Shuttle Challenger is launched on the 10th space shuttle mission.
- February 7 – Astronauts Bruce McCandless II and Robert L. Stewart make the first untethered space walk.
- February 8 – The 1984 Winter Olympics open in Sarajevo, SFRY.
- February 13 – Konstantin Chernenko succeeds the late Yuri Andropov as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
- February 19 – The 1984 Winter Olympics close in Sarajevo.
- February 26 – United States Marines pull out of Beirut, Lebanon.
- February 29 – Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau announces his retirement.
March[link]
- March 5 – Iran accuses Iraq of using chemical weapons; the United Nations condemns their use on March 30.
- March 6 – A year-long strike action begins in the British coal industry (see UK Miners' Strike (1984-1985)).
- March 14 – Sinn Féin's Gerry Adams and 3 others are seriously injured in a gun attack by the UVF.
- March 16 – The CIA station chief in Beirut, William Francis Buckley, is kidnapped by Islamic Jihad and later dies in captivity.
- March 22 – Teachers at the McMartin Preschool in Manhattan Beach, California are charged with Satanic ritual abuse of the schoolchildren (the charges are later dropped as completely unfounded).
- March 23 – General Rahimuddin Khan becomes the first man in Pakistan's history to rule over 2 of its provinces, after becoming interim Governor of Sindh.
April[link]
- April 2 – Indian Squadron Leader Rakesh Sharma is launched into space, aboard the Soyuz T-11.
- April 4 – U.S. President Ronald Reagan calls for an international ban on chemical weapons.
- April 9 – The 56th Academy Awards, hosted by Johnny Carson, are held at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion.
- April 12 – Palestinian gunmen take Israeli Bus Number 300 hostage. Israeli special forces storm the bus, freeing the hostages (1 hostage, 2 hijackers killed).
- April 13 – India launches Operation Meghdoot, as most of the Siachen Glacier in Kashmir comes under Indian control.
- April 15 – British comedian Tommy Cooper suffers a massive heart attack and dies while live on TV.
- April 17 – WPC Yvonne Fletcher is shot and killed by a secluded gunman leading to a police siege of the Libyan Embassy in London.
- April 19 – Advance Australia Fair is proclaimed as Australia's national anthem, and green and gold as the national colours.
- April 25 – The term of Sultan Ahmad Shah as the 7th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia ends.
- April 26 – Sultan Iskandar, Sultan of Johor, becomes the 8th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia.
May[link]
- May 2 – The Liverpool International Garden Festival opens in Liverpool.
- May 5 – The Herreys win the Eurovision Song Contest 1984 for Sweden, with the song Diggi-Loo, Diggi-Ley.
- May 8
- The Soviet Union announces that it will boycott the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California.
- Denis Lortie kills 3 government employees in the National Assembly of Quebec building.
- May 11 – A transit of Earth from Mars takes place.
- May 12 – The Louisiana World's Fair opens.
- May 14 – The one dollar coin is introduced in Australia.
- May 23 – Methane gas explosion at Abbeystead water treatment works in Lancashire, England kills 16 people.
- May 27 – An overnight flash flood rages through neighborhoods in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Nearly 15 inches of rain falls in some areas over a four-hour period. 14 people are killed.
- May 31 – Mecklenburg Correctional Center - 6 inmates - including James and Linwood Briley escape from a death row facility, the first and only occasion this has ever happened in the US.
June[link]
- June 1 – William M. Gibbons is released as receiver and trustee of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railroad, after all of its debts and creditors are paid off by order of a federal bankruptcy court.
- June 5 – The Indian government begins Operation Blue Star, the planned attack on the Golden Temple in Amritsar.
- June 6 – Indian troops storm the Golden Temple at Amritsar, the Sikhs' holiest shrine, killing an estimated 2,000 people.
- June 8 – A deadly F5 tornado nearly destroys the town of Barneveld, Wisconsin, killing 9 people, injuring nearly 200, and causing over $25,000,000 in damage.
- June 20 – The biggest exam shake-up in the British education system in over 10 years is announced, with O-level and CSE exams to be replaced by a new exam, the GCSE.
- June 22
- The official name of the Turkish city Urfa is changed into Şanlıurfa.
- Virgin Atlantic Airways makes its inaugural flight.
- June 27 – France beats Spain 2–0 to win the Euro 84.
- June 28 – Richard Ramírez, aka the "Night Stalker," murders his first confirmed victim.
- June 30 – John Napier Turner becomes Canada's 17th Prime Minister.
July[link]
- July 13 – Terry Wallis, a nineteen-year old living in the Ozark Mountains of Arkansas falls into a deep coma after a severe automobile accident. He would eventually awaken nineteen years later on June 13, 2003.
- July 14 – New Zealand Prime Minister Robert Muldoon calls a snap election and is heavily defeated by opposition Labour leader David Lange.
- July 18
- Beverly Lynn Burns becomes the first woman Boeing 747 captain in the world.
- In San Ysidro, California, 41-year-old James Oliver Huberty sprays a McDonald's restaurant with gunfire, killing 21 people before being shot and killed.
File:1984-Newspaper-Vending-Machine.jpg
Newspaper vending machine featuring news of the 1984 Summer Olympics, which opened on July 28.
- July 23 – Vanessa Lynn Williams becomes the first Miss America to resign when she surrenders her crown, after nude photos of her appear in Penthouse magazine.
- July 25 – Salyut 7: Cosmonaut Svetlana Savitskaya becomes the first woman to perform a space walk.
- July 28–August 12 – The 1984 Summer Olympics are held in Los Angeles, California.
August[link]
- August 1 – Australian banks are deregulated.
- August 4 – The African republic Upper Volta changes its name to Burkina Faso.
- August 11 – United States President Ronald Reagan, during a voice check for a radio broadcast remarks, "My fellow Americans, I'm pleased to tell you today that I've signed legislation that will outlaw Russia forever. We begin bombing in five minutes".
- August 16 – John De Lorean is acquitted of all 8 charges of possessing and distributing cocaine.
- August 17 – Peru recognizes the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR).
- August 21 – Half a million people in Manila demonstrate against the regime of Ferdinand Marcos.
- August 28 – Josef Fritzl drugs and incarcerates his daughter Elisabeth in a secret cellar, in Amstetten, Austria; she was released only after 24 years of sexual abuse and mental ordeal.
- August 30 – STS-41-D: The Space Shuttle Discovery takes off on its maiden voyage.
September[link]
- September 2 – Seven people are shot and killed and 12 wounded in the Milperra massacre, a shootout between the rival motorcycle gangs Bandidos and Comancheros in Sydney.
- September 4
- The Progressive Conservative Party of Canada, led by Brian Mulroney, wins 211 seats in the House of Commons, forming the largest majority government in Canadian history.
- The Sandinista Front wins the Nicaraguan general elections.
- September 5
- STS-41-D: The Space Shuttle Discovery lands after its maiden voyage.
- Western Australia becomes the last Australian state to abolish capital punishment.
- September 14 – P. W. Botha is inaugurated as the first executive State President of South Africa.
- September 17 – Brian Mulroney is sworn in as Prime Minister of Canada.
- September 18 – Joe Kittinger becomes the first person to cross the Atlantic, solo, in a hot air balloon.
- September 20 – Hezbollah car-bombs the U.S. Embassy annex in Beirut, killing 22 people.
- September 26 – The United Kingdom and the People's Republic of China sign the initial agreement to return Hong Kong to China in 1997.
October[link]
- October 2 - Charlie Schmidt created the video tape recording video of Keyboard Cat
- October 4 – Tim Macartney-Snape and Greg Mortimer become the first Australians to summit Mount Everest.
- October 5 – STS-41-G: Marc Garneau becomes the first Canadian in space, aboard the Space Shuttle Challenger.
- October 11 – Aboard the Space Shuttle Challenger, astronaut Kathryn D. Sullivan becomes the first American woman to perform a space walk.
- October 12 – The Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) attempts to assassinate Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and the British Cabinet in the Brighton hotel bombing.
- October 19 – Polish secret police kidnap Jerzy Popiełuszko, a Catholic priest who supports the Solidarity movement. His dead body is found in a reservoir 11 days later on October 30.
- October 23 – The world learns from moving BBC News TV reports that a famine is plaguing Ethiopia, where thousands of people have already died of starvation due to a famine and as many as 10,000,000 more lives are at risk. [1]
- October 25 – The European Economic Community makes £1.8 million available to help combat the Ethiopian famine. [2]
- October 31 – Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi is assassinated by her 2 Sikh security guards. Anti-Sikh riots break out. Rajiv Gandhi becomes prime minister of India.
November[link]
- November 6 – United States presidential election, 1984: Ronald Reagan defeats Walter F. Mondale with 59% of the popular vote, the highest since Richard Nixon's 61% victory in 1972. Reagan carries 49 states in the electoral college; Mondale wins only his home state of Minnesota by a mere 3,761 vote margin and the District of Columbia.
- November 9 – Cesar Chavez delivers his speech, "What The Future Holds For Farm Workers And Hispanics", at the Commonwealth Club in San Francisco.
- November 14 – Zamboanga City mayor Cesar Climaco, a prominent critic of the government of Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos, is assassinated in his home city.
- November 19 – A series of explosions at the PEMEX Petroleum Storage Facility at San Juan Ixhuatepec, in Mexico City, ignites a major fire and kills about 500 people.
- November 25
- An East Rail train derails between Sheung Shui and Fanling stations, Hong Kong.
- Band Aid records the charity single "Do They Know It's Christmas?" to raise money to combat the famine in Ethiopia. It is released December 3, 1984.[2]
- November 28 – Over 250 years after their deaths, William Penn and his wife Hannah Callowhill Penn are made Honorary Citizens of the United States.
- November 30 – The Tamil Tigers begin the purge of the Sinhalese from North and East Sri Lanka; 127 are killed.
December[link]
- December – A peace agreement between Kenya and Somalia is signed in the Egyptian capital Cairo. With this agreement, in which Somalia officially renounces its historical territorial claims, relations between the two countries began to improve.
- December 1 – Controlled Impact Demonstration: NASA crashes a remote controlled Boeing 720.
- December 2 – Bob Hawke's government is re-elected in Australia with a reduced majority.
- December 3
- Bhopal Disaster: A methyl isocyanate leak from a Union Carbide pesticide plant in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, kills more than 8,000 people outright and injures over half a million (with more later dying from their injuries the death toll is now 23,000+) in the worst industrial disaster in history.
- British Telecom is privatised.
- December 4 – Hezbollah militants hijack a Kuwait Airlines plane and kill 4 passengers.
- December 14 – Nigeria recognizes the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR).
- December 19 – The People's Republic of China and United Kingdom sign the Sino-British Joint Declaration on the future of Hong Kong.
- December 22
- Four African-American youths (Barry Allen, Troy Canty, James Ramseur, and Darrell Cabey) board an express train in The Bronx borough of New York City. They attempt to rob Bernhard Goetz, who shoots them. The event starts a national debate about urban crime in the United States.
- In Malta, Prime Minister Dom Mintoff resigns.
- December 28 – A Soviet cruise missile plunges into Inarinjärvi lake in Finnish Lapland. Finnish authorities announce the fact in public on January 3, 1985.
Date unknown[link]
- Famine in Ethiopia begins and kills a million people by the end of 1984. (1984 Famine in Ethiopia).
- Crack, a smokeable form of cocaine, is first introduced into the Los Angeles area and soon spreads across the United States in what becomes known as the Crack Epidemic.
Births[link]
January[link]
- January 1 – Michael Witt, Australian rugby league player
- January 2 - Kristen Hager, Canadian film and television actress
- January 8
- Jeff Francoeur, American baseball player
- Steven Kanumba, Tanzanian actor and director (d. 2012)
- January 10 – Marouane Chamakh, Moroccan football player
- January 12 – Scott Olsen, American baseball player
- January 13
- Eleni Ioannou, Greek martial artist (d. 2004)
- Nathaniel Motte, American songwriter, performer, singer, music producer, film composer, instrumentalist, and playwright (3OH!3)
- January 15
- Megan Quann, American swimmer
- Victor Rasuk, American actor
- January 16 – Craig Beattie, Scottish footballer
- January 17
- Sophie Dee, American pornographic actress
- Cassie Hager, American basketball player
- Calvin Harris, Scottish singer-songwriter
- January 18 – Seung-hui Cho, Korean-born American Virginia Tech massacre gunman (d. 2007)
- January 19
- Thomas Vanek, Austrian Hockey player
- Trent Cutler, Australian rugby league player
- Zakia Mrisho Mohamed, Tanzanian long distance runner
- Felicity Jones, English actress
- January 20
- Toni Gonzaga, Filipina actress and singer
- Olivia Hallinan, English actress
- January 21 – Richard Gutierrez, Filipino actor
- January 22 – Raica Oliveira, Brazilian supermodel
- January 23 – Arjen Robben, Dutch footballer
- January 24 – Witold Kiełtyka, Polish musician (d. 2007)
- January 25
- Robinho, Brazilian footballer
- Stefan Kiessling, German football player
- January 26 – Luo Xuejuan, Chinese swimmer
- January 27 - Davetta Sherwood, American actress and musician
- January 28 – Andre Iguodala, American basketball player
- January 29
- Nuno Morais, Portuguese footballer
- Natalie du Toit, South African swimmer
- January 30
- Chad Power, American actor
- Kid Cudi, American hip hop artist
- Xi Zhang, Chinese contemporary artist
February[link]
- February 1
- Lee Thompson Young, American actor
- Darren Fletcher, Scottish football player
- February 3 – Kim Joon, South Korean rapper, actor, and model
- February 4 – Mauricio Pinilla, Chilean footballer
- February 5
- Nate Salley, American football player
- Carlos Tévez, Argentinian football player
- February 6 – Darren Bent, English footballer
- February 9
- Han Geng, Chinese singer in Korea (Super Junior)
- Logan Bartholomew, American actor
- February 10 – Kim Hyo Jin, Korean actress
- February 11 - Aubrey O'Day, American singer and actress
- February 14 - Robbie Jones, American television and film actor
- February 15 – Dorota Rabczewska, Polish singer and model
- February 16 – Oussama Mellouli, Tunisian swimmer
- February 17 – AB de Villiers, South African Cricketer
- February 18 – Genelle Williams, Canadian actress
- February 20 – Ben Lovejoy, American hockey player
- February 21 – Karina, Japanese model and actress
- February 22 - Tommy Bowe, Irish rugby union footballer
- February 25
- Filip Šebo, Slovak footballer
- Xing Huina, Chinese athlete
- February 26
- Beren Saat, Turkish actress
- Emmanuel Adebayor, Togoleise footballer
- February 28 – Karolína Kurková, Czech model
- February 29
- Alicia Hollowell, American softball pitcher
- Cullen Jones, American swimmer
March[link]
- March 1
- Naima Mora, winner of America's Next Top Model cycle 4
- Claudio Bieler, Argentinian football player
- March 3 – Hayley Marie Norman, American actress and model
- March 4
- Tamir Cohen, Israeli footballer
- Ai Iwamura, Japanese actress
- Zak Whitbread, American soccer player
- March 7
- Dani Woodward, American porn star
- Brandon T. Jackson, American stand-up comedian, actor and rapper
- March 8
- Ross Taylor, New Zealand cricketer
- Nora Jane Noone, Irish actress
- March 9 – Julia Mancuso, US Olympic medalist
- March 10 – Olivia Wilde, American actress
- March 12 - Jaimie Alexander, American actress
- March 16
- Michael Ennis, Australian rugby league player
- Hosea Gear, New Zealand Rugby Union player
- March 20
- Fernando Torres, Spanish football player
- Nomura Yuka, Japanese actress
- Christy Carlson Romano, American stage and film actress
- March 21 - Kerry Bishé, American model, actress and reality television star
- March 24
- Chris Bosh, American basketball player
- Park Bom, Korean singer
- March 25 – Katharine McPhee, American Idol finalist
- March 26
- Stéphanie Lapointe, Canadian singer
- Sara Jean Underwood, American model
- March 28 – Nikki Sanderson, English actress
- March 30
- Anna Nalick, American singer
- Samantha Stosur, Australian tennis player
April[link]
- April 2 - Shawn Roberts, Canadian actor
- April 3 – Allana Slater, Australian gymnast
- April 4 – Sean May, American basketball player
- April 5 – Marshall Allman, American actor
- April 7 – Alex Smith, American football player
- April 8
- Júlia Liptáková, Slovak model
- Kirsten Storms, American actress
- April 9
- Adam Loewen, Canadian pitcher
- Linda Chung, Canadian TVB actress and singer
- April 10
- Mandy Moore, American singer and actress
- Cara DeLizia, American actress
- Natasha Melnick, American television and film actress
- April 11 - Kelli Garner, American actress
- April 13 – Kris Britt, Australian cricketer
- April 14 – Kyle Coetzer, Scottish cricketer
- April 16 - Claire Foy, English actress
- April 17 - Rosanna Davison, Irish model
- April 18 – America Ferrera, American actress
- April 19 – Lee Da Hae, South Korean actress
- April 20
- John Jairo Castillo, Colombian football player
- Tyson Griffin, American MMA fighter
- Nelson Evora, Portuguese athlete
- April 22
- Michelle Ryan, English actress
- Amelle Berrabah, British singer (Sugababes)
- Breanne Benson, Albanian pornographic actress
- April 23 – Alexandra Kosteniuk, Russian chess player
- April 24 – Tyson Ritter, American singer/songwriter (The All-American Rejects)
- April 25 – Melonie Diaz, American actress
- April 26 - Brett Novek, American male fashion model and actor
- April 27 – Patrick Stump, American singer (Fall Out Boy)
- April 29
- Taylor Cole, American actress and model
- Lina Krasnoroutskaya, Russian tennis player and commentator
- Pham Van Quyen, Vietnamese footballer
May[link]
- May 1
- Alexander Farnerud, Swedish footballer
- Keiichiro Koyama, Japanese singer (NEWS) and actor
- Kerry Bishé, American actress
- May 3 – Cheryl Burke, American professional dancer
- May 4 – Little Boots, English pop singer
- May 8 – Martin Compston, Scottish actor and former professional footballer
- May 11 – Andrés Iniesta, Spanish footballer
- May 12 – Junie Browning, American MMA fighter
- May 14
- Michael Rensing, German footballer
- Mark Zuckerberg, Founder and CEO of Facebook
- Gary Ablett Jr., Australian rules footballer
- May 17
- Christine Robinson, Canadian water polo player
- Andreas Kofler, Austrian ski jumper
- May 20 – Naturi Naughton, American singer and actress
- May 23 – Sam Milby, Filipino-American actor, host, singer and model
- May 24 – Sarah Hagan, American actress
- May 25
- Unnur Birna Vilhjálmsdóttir, "Miss Iceland", crowned Miss World in 2005
- Kyle Brodziak, Canadian ice hockey player
- Nikolai Pokotylo, Russian singer
- Marion Raven, Norwegian singer-songwriter, former child actress
- May 27 – Darin Brooks, American actor
- May 29
- Kaycee Stroh, American actress
- Carmelo Anthony, American basketball player
- May 31
- Jason Smith, Australian actor
- Milorad Čavić, Serbian swimmer
June[link]
- June 1
- Oliver Tielemans, Dutch race-car driver
- Naidangiin Tüvshinbayar, Mongolian judoka
- Taylor Handley, American actor
- June 4
- Rainie Yang, Taiwanese singer
- Jillian Murray, American Actress
- June 7 – Ari Koivunen, Finnish singer
- June 8
- Todd Boeckman, American football player
- Andrea Casiraghi, Prince of Monaco
- Javier Mascherano, Argentinian footballer
- Torrey DeVitto, American actress and former fashion model
- June 9 – Wesley Sneijder, Dutch footballer
- June 11 – Vágner Love, Brazilian footballer
- June 13 – Bérengère Schuh, French archer
- June 14 - Yury Prilukov, Russian swimmer
- June 15 – Tim Lincecum, American baseball player
- June 16
- Rick Nash, Canadian hockey player
- Emiri Miyasaka, Japanese model
- June 17 – John Gallagher Jr., American actor, singer and dancer
- June 19 - Paul Dano, American actor and producer
- June 23 – Duffy, Welsh singer
- June 24 – J. J. Redick, American basketball player
- June 25
- Lauren Bush-Lauren, American model
- Indigo (actress), American television and voice actress
- June 26
- Raymond Felton, American basketball player
- Lauren Harris, British vocalist
- Aubrey Plaza, American actress
- June 27
- Emma Lahana, New Zealand actress
- Khloé Kardashian, Television personality
- June 29 – Chris Egan, Australian actor
- June 30 – Fantasia Barrino, American singer
July[link]
- July 1 – Donald Thomas, Bahamian high jumper
- July 2 – Vanessa Lee Chester, American television and film actress
- July 3
- Corey Sevier, Canadian actor
- Syed Rasel, Bangladeshi cricketer
- Manny Lawson, American Football player
- July 4 – Jin Akanishi, Japanese singer (KAT-TUN) and actor
- July 5 - Danay García, Cuban film actress
- July 6
- Lauren Harris, English singer
- D. Woods, American R&B singer, dancer, and actress
- July 7 - Mohammad Ashraful, Bangladeshi cricketer
- July 9
- LA Tenorio, Filipino professional basketball player
- Hanna R. Hall, American actress
- Caroline D'Amore, American model, and actress
- July 11
- Tanith Belbin, Canadian figure skater
- Joe Pavelski, American hockey player
- Rachael Taylor, Australian actress
- July 12
- Gareth Gates, English singer
- Michael McGovern, Northern Irish footballer
- July 16 – Katrina Kaif, Indian actress and model
- July 17 – Asami Kimura, Japanese singer
- July 18
- Lee Barnard, English footballer
- Josh Harding, Canadian hockey player
- July 19
- Lasse Gjertsen, Norwegian videographer
- Diana Mocanu, Romanian swimmer
- Alessandra De Rossi, Italian-Filipina actress
- July 21 – Paul Davis, American basketball player
- July 23
- Brandon Roy, National Basketball Association player
- Celeste Thorson, Asian American actress, model
- July 24 – Tyler Kyte, Canadian actor/singer
- July 26 – Kyriakos Ioannou, Cypriot high jumper
- July 28 – Zach Parise, American hockey player
- July 27
- Taylor Schilling, American actress
- Antoine Bethea, professional American football
- July 29 – Todd Bosley, American actor
- July 30
- Anna Bessonova, Ukrainian rhythmic gymnast
- Gabrielle Christian, American actress
August[link]
- August 1 – Bastian Schweinsteiger, German football player
- August 2 – Brandon Browner, National Football League player
- August 3
- Carah Faye Charnow, American singer for the band Shiny Toy Guns
- Kyle Schmid, Canadian actor
- August 6 – Marco Airosa, Angolan footballer
- August 10
- Ryan Eggold, American film and television actor
- Mariel Rodriguez, Filipina actress & model
- August 11 - Melky Cabrera, Major League Baseball outfielder for the Kansas City Royals
- August 12
- Yua Aida, Japanese model and pornographic actress
- Marian Rivera, Filipina actress
- Sherone Simpson, Jamaican athlete
- August 13 - James Morrison, English singer/songwriter and guitarist
- August 14
- Clay Buchholz, Major League Baseball Pitcher
- Robin Söderling, Swedish tennis player
- August 15 - Quinton Aaron, American actor
- August 17 – Garrett Wolfe, American pro football player
- August 19 – Micah Alberti, American model and actor
- August 20
- Mirai Moriyama, Japanese actor
- Tsokye Karchung, Bhutanese beauty queen, Miss Bhutan 2008
- August 21
- Alizée Jacotey, French singer
- Melissa Schuman, American singer and actress
- August 22 – Lee Camp, English footballer
- August 23 - Glen Johnson, English footballer
- August 24
- Kyle Schmid, Canadian actor
- Charlie Villanueva, American basketball player
- Yesung, Korean singer (Super Junior)
- August 25 – Alvin Banks, American football player
- August 27 – Josh Duhon, American actor
- August 28
- Him Law, Hong Kong actor
- Sarah Roemer, American model and actress
- August 31
- Ryan Kesler, American ice hockey player
- Charl Schwartzel, South African golfer
September[link]
- September 2 – Danson Tang, Taiwanese actor, model, and singer
- September 3 – Garrett Hedlund, American actor
- September 5 – Trey Hill, Grammy-nominated musician
- September 6 – Orsi Kocsis, Hungarian model
- September 7
- Farveez Maharoof, Sri Lankan cricketer
- Vera Zvonareva, Russian tennis player
- Kate Lang Johnson, American actress and model
- September 10 – Luke Treadaway, English actor
- September 12 – September, Swedish singer and songwriter
- September 14 – Adam Lamberg, American actor
- September 15 – Prince Harry of Wales, British Prince and son of Charles, Prince of Wales and Diana, Princess of Wales
- September 16
- Sabrina Bryan, American actress and singer
- Katie Melua, Georgian singer
- September 18
- Jack Carpenter, American actor
- Dizzee Rascal, English rapper
- September 19 – Kevin Zegers, Canadian actor
- September 20
- Brian Joubert, French figure skater
- Holly Weber, American actress and model
- September 21 - Dwayne Bowe, American football
- September 22
- Theresa Fu, Hong Kong singer and actress
- Laura Vandervoort, Canadian actress
- MyAnna Buring, Swedish actress
- September 23
- Anneliese van der Pol, Dutch-born actress
- Gabrielle Christian, American television and film actress and model
- Kate French, American television and film actress and model
- September 25
- Rashad McCants, National Basketball Association player
- Zach Woods, American actor and comedian
- September 26 – Keisha Buchanan, British singer (Sugababes)
- September 27 – Avril Lavigne, Canadian singer
- September 28
- Melody Thornton, American singer (Pussycat Dolls)
- Helen Oyeyemi, British novelist
- September 30 – Megan Ewing, American model
October[link]
- October 1 – Matt Cain, American baseball player
- October 2
- John Morris, American actor
- Marion Bartoli, French professional tennis player
- October 3
- Chris Marquette, American actor
- Ashlee Simpson, American singer and actress
- Anthony Le Tallec, French footballer
- Yoon Eun Hye, Korean singer, model, actress and entertainer
- Jessica Parker Kennedy, Canadian actress
- October 4
- Lena Katina, Russian singer
- Álvaro Parente, Portuguese racing driver
- Dana Davis, American actress
- October 5 – Glenn McMillan, Brazilian-Australian actor
- October 6 – Joanna Pacitti, American singer
- October 7 – Ikuta Toma, Japanese drama actor
- October 10
- Chiaki Kuriyama, Japanese actress
- Steve Turner, Australian rugby league player
- October 11 – Jane Zhang,Chinese singer
- October 12 – Emmanuel Kipchirchir Mutai, Kenyan long-distance runner
- October 14 – Santino Quaranta, American soccer player
- October 15 – Chris Olivero, American actor
- October 16
- Ben Smith, Australian rugby league player
- Shayne Ward, British singer
- October 17
- Chris Lowell, American actor
- Randall Munroe, American programmer and webcomic artist
- October 18
- Holly Dunaway, American female boxer
- Lindsey Vonn, American alpine skier
- October 19 – Kaio Almeida, Brazilian swimmer
- October 21 – Marvin Mitchell, American football player
- October 23 – Meghan McCain, Author and Daughter of Senator John McCain
- October 24 - Emily Barclay, English-born New Zealand AFI award winning actress
- October 25
- Sara Lumholdt, Swedish singer
- Katy Perry, American singer and actress
- October 26 – Sasha Cohen, American figure skater
- October 27
- Kelly Osbourne, English singer
- Brady Quinn, American football player
- Irfan Pathan, Indian cricketer
- October 28 – Obafemi Martins, Nigerian footballer
- October 29 – Eric Staal, Canadian hockey player
- October 30 – Eva Marcille, American model
- October 31
- Scott Clifton, American actor, musician, and video blogger
- Nicole Rash, American model
November[link]
- November 4 – Dustin Brown, American hockey player
- November 7 – Amelia Vega, Miss Universe 2003, from the Dominican Republic
- November 8 – Steven Webb, English actor
- November 9
- Beatrice Bofia, Cameroonian-American basketball player
- Delta Goodrem, Australian actress and singer
- November 12
- Yan Zi, Chinese tennis player
- Sandara Park, South Korean girl-group member
- November 17 – Park Han-byul, South Korean actress
- November 21
- Lindsey Haun, American actress
- Jena Malone, American actress
- November 22 – Scarlett Johansson, American actress
- November 24
- Koo Hye Sun, South Korean actress
- Maria Riesch, German alpine skier
- Trey Songz, American singer-songwriter, rapper, record producer and actor
- November 25
- Ian Lacey, Australian rugby league player
- Gaspard Ulliel, French actor
- November 28
- Joross Gamboa, Filipino actor
- Mary Elizabeth Winstead, American actress
- Andrew Bogut, Australian basketball player
- Marc-André Fleury, Canadian hockey player
- Trey Songz, American singer-songwriter, rapper, record producer and actor
- November 29 – Sitti Navarro, Philippine bossa nova artist
- November 30 – Alan Hutton, Scottish professional footballer
December[link]
- December 4
- Lauren London, American actress and model
- Lindsay Felton, American actress
- December 7 – Robert Kubica, Polish Formula One racing driver
- December 8 – Jennifer Grassman, American recording artist and journalist
- December 11 - Xosha Roquemore, American actress
- December 12 – Daniel Agger, Danish football (soccer) player
- December 14
- Chris Brunt, Northern Irish footballer
- Jackson Rathbone, American actor and singer
- December 15
- Yu Fengtong, Chinese speed skater
- Martin Škrtel, Slovakian footballer
- December 16 – Laura More (Muncey), British singer
- December 17
- Asuka Fukuda, Japanese singer
- Shannon Marie Woodward, American actress
- Christina DeRosa, American actress
- Tennessee Thomas, British-born American drummer and actor
- December 18 – Tiffany Mulheron, Scottish actress
- December 20 – David Tavaré, Spanish singer
- December 21 – Jackson Rathbone, American actor
- December 22 – Jonas Altberg, Swedish Eurodance/Techno singer
- December 23 – Alison Sudol, American singer/songwriter and pianist known professionally as A Fine Frenzy
- December 25
- Jessica Origliasso, Australian singer-songwriter, actress and fashion designer
- Lisa Origliasso, Australian singer-songwriter, actress and fashion designer
- December 26 - Jennifer Sipes, American actress and model
- December 27
- Tye'sha Fluker, American basketball player
- Rocío Guirao Díaz, Argentinian model
- December 28
- Martin Kaymer, German golfer
- Festus, American professional wrestler
- December 30 – LeBron James, American basketball player
Deaths[link]
January[link]
- January 1 – Alexis Korner, British blues musician and broadcaster (b. 1928)
- January 6 – Ernest Laszlo, Hungarian-American cinematographer (b. 1898)
- January 7 – Alfred Kastler, French physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1902)
- January 11 – Jack La Rue, American actor (b. 1902)
- January 14
- Brooks Atkinson, American theater critic (b. 1894)
- Ray Kroc, American entrepreneur (b. 1902)
- January 20 – Johnny Weissmuller, Austrian-born swimmer and actor (b. 1904)
- January 21 – Jackie Wilson, American singer (b. 1934)
- January 22 – Sir Count Michael Gonzi, Archbishop of Malta and past politician (b. 1885)
- January 29 – Frances Goodrich, American screenwriter (b. 1890)
- January 30 – Luke Kelly, Irish folk singer (b. 1940)
February[link]
- February 8 – Karel Miljon, Dutch boxer (b. 1903)
- February 9 – Yuri Andropov, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (b. 1914)
- February 10 – David Von Erich, American professional wrestler (b. 1958)
- February 11 – John Comer, English actor (b. 1924)
- February 12
- Anna Anderson, Pretender to the Russian throne (b. 1896)
- Julio Cortázar, Argentine writer (b. 1914)
- February 13 – Naomi Uemura, Japanese adventurer (b. 1941)
- February 15 – Ethel Merman, American singer and actress (b. 1908)
- February 21 – Michail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov, Russian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1905)
- February 22
- Jessamyn West, American writer. (b. 1902)
- Syed Faiz-ul Hassan Shah a Pakistani religious leader,of Allo Mahar Shrif. (b. 1911)
March[link]
- March 1 – Jackie Coogan, American actor (b. 1914)
- March 5
- Tito Gobbi, Italian operatic baritone (b. 1915)
- William Powell, American actor (b. 1892)
- March 6 – Henry Wilcoxon, British actor (b. 1905)
- March 10 – June Marlowe, American actress (b. 1903)
- March 12 – Arnold Ridley, English playwright and actor (b. 1896)
- March 16 – John Hoagland, American photographer (b. 1947)
- March 18
- Charlie Lau, American baseball player (b. 1933)
- Paul Francis Webster, American lyricist (b. 1907)
- March 24 – Sam Jaffe, American actor (b. 1891)
- March 26 – Ahmed Sékou Touré, president of Guinea (b. 1922)
- March 31 – Jack Howarth, English actor (b. 1896)
April[link]
- April 1
- Marvin Gaye, American singer (b. 1939)
- George Glass, American film producer and publicist (b. 1910)
- Elizabeth Goudge, English writer (b. 1900)
- April 5 – Arthur "Bomber" Harris, British air marshall. (b. 1892)
- April 8 – Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa, Russian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1894)
- April 11 – Edgar V. Saks, Estonian statesman and historian (b. 1910)
- April 15
- Tommy Cooper, Welsh comedian and magician (b. 1921)
- Alexander Trocchi, Scottish writer (b. 1925)
- April 17 – Mark W. Clark, American general (b. 1896)
- April 20 – Hristo Prodanov, Bulgarian mountaineer (b. 1943)
- April 22 – Ansel Adams, American photographer (b. 1902)
- April 26
- Count Basie, American musician and composer (b. 1904)
- May McAvoy, American actress (b. 1899)
May[link]
- May 2 – Jack Barry, American television host and producer (b. 1918)
- May 4 – Diana Dors, English actress (b. 1931)
- May 6 – Mary Cain, Mississippi newspaper editor and politician (b. 1904)
- May 8 – Lila Wallace, American publisher (b. 1889)
- May 16
- Andy Kaufman, American comedian (b. 1949)
- Irwin Shaw, American author (b. 1913)
- May 19 – John Betjeman, English poet (b. 1906)
- May 21
- Andrea Leeds, American actress (b. 1914)
- Ann Little, American actress (b. 1891)
- May 22 – John Marley, American actor (b. 1907)
- May 24 – Vincent J. McMahon, professional wrestling promoter WWF (b. 1914)
- May 28 – Eric Morecambe, British comedian (b. 1926)
June[link]
- June 6 – Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale, Sikh theologian, Most powerful Sikh leader of the 20th century (b. 1947)
- June 11 – Enrico Berlinguer, Italian Communist politician (b. 1922)
- June 13 – António Variações, Portuguese singer (b. 1944)
- June 15 – Meredith Willson, American composer (b. 1902)
- June 17 – Chet Allen, American actor (b. 1939)
- June 18 – Alan Berg, American talk radio host (murdered) (b. 1934)
- June 19 – Lee Krasner, American painter (b. 1908)
- June 20 – Estelle Winwood, English actress (b. 1883)
- June 22 – Joseph Losey, American film director (b. 1909)
- June 24 – William Keighley, American film director (b. 1889)
- June 25 – Michel Foucault, French philosopher (b. 1926)
- June 26 – Carl Foreman, American screenwriter (b. 1914)
- June 28 – Yigael Yadin, Israeli archeologist, politician and Military Chief of Staff (b. 1917)
- June 30
- Henri Fabre, pioneer French aviator & inventor (b. 1882)
- Lillian Hellman, American playwright (b. 1905)
July[link]
- July 1 – Moshé Feldenkrais, Ukrainian founder of the Feldenkrais Method (b. 1904)
- July 4 – Jimmie Spheeris, American singer-songwriter (b. 1949)
- July 7 – Flora Robson, English actress (b. 1902)
- July 8 – Brassaï, Hungarian-born photographer (b. 1899)
- July 14 – Philippe Wynne, American musician (b. 1941)
- July 17 – Karl Wolff, German Nazi SS Officer (b. 1900)
- July 19 - Harry Stockwell, American actor and singer (b. 1902)
- July 24 – Armando Morales Barillas, Nicaraguan guitarist (b. 1936)
- July 25 – Big Mama Thornton, American singer (b. 1926)
- July 26
- George Gallup, American statistician and opinion pollster (b. 1901)
- Ed Gein, American serial killer (b. 1906)
- July 27 – James Mason, British actor (b. 1909)
- July 28 – Bess Flowers, American actress (b. 1898)
- July 29 – Fred Waring, American bandleader (b. 1900)
August[link]
- August 2 – Quirino Cristiani, Argentine animated film director (b. 1896)
- August 4 – Mary Miles Minter, American actress (b. 1902)
- August 5 – Richard Burton, Welsh actor (b. 1925)
- August 8 – Richard Deacon, American actor (b. 1921)
- August 11
- Alfred A. Knopf, American publisher (b. 1892)
- Paul Felix Schmidt, Estonian–German chess player (b. 1916)
- August 12 – Christine Hargreaves, English actress (b. 1939)
- August 13
- Clyde Cook, Australian actor (b. 1891)
- Tigran Petrosian, Georgian chess player (b. 1929)
- August 14 – J. B. Priestley, English novelist and playwright (b. 1894)
- August 25
- Truman Capote, American writer (b. 1924)
- Viktor Chukarin, Russian Olympic gymnast (b. 1921)
- Waite Hoyt, American baseball player (b. 1899)
- August 27 – Bernard Youens, English actor (b. 1914)
- August 29 – Mohammed Naguib, 1st President of Egypt (b. 1901)
September[link]
- September 3 – Arthur Schwartz, American composer (b. 1900)
- September 5 – Adam Malik, 3rd Vice President of Indonesia (b. 1917)
- September 6 – Ernest Tubb, American singer (b. 1914)
- September 8 – Frank Lowson English Test Cricketer 1951–1955 (b.1925)
- September 14
- Richard Brautigan, American counter-culture author (suicide) (b. 1935)
- Janet Gaynor, American Academy Award-winning actress (b. 1906)
- September 17 – Richard Basehart, American actor (b. 1914)
- September 20 – Steve Goodman, American folk musician and songwriter (b. 1948)
- September 24 – Neil Hamilton, American actor (b. 1899)
- September 25 – Walter Pidgeon, Canadian actor (b. 1897)
- September 27 – Toke Townley, English actor (b. 1912)
October[link]
- October 5 – Leonard Rossiter, British actor (b. 1926)
- October 12 – Sir Anthony Berry, British politician (bombing) (b. 1925)
- October 14 – Martin Ryle, English radio astronomer, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics (b. 1918)
- October 16 – Peggy Ann Garner, American actress (b. 1932)
- October 18 – Jon-Erik Hexum, American actor (b. 1957)
- October 20
- Carl Ferdinand Cori, Austrian-born biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1896)
- Paul Dirac, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1902)
- October 21 – François Truffaut, French film director (b. 1932)
- October 23
- David Gorcey, American actor (b. 1921)
- Oskar Werner, Austrian actor (b. 1922)
- October 24 – Walter Woolf King, American singer and actor (b. 1899)
- October 30 – June Duprez, English actress (b. 1918)
- October 31 – Indira Gandhi, Prime Minister of India (assassinated) (b. 1917)
November[link]
- November 6 – Gastón Suárez, Bolivian novelist and dramatist (b. 1929)
- November 14 – Cesar Climaco, Filipino politician (assassinated) (b. 1916)
- November 16
- Vic Dickenson, American trombonist (b. 1906)
- Leonard Rose, American cellist (leukemia) (b. 1918)
- November 18 – Mary Hamman, American writer and editor, modern living editor LIFE and eidtor in chief Bride & Home (b. 1907)
December[link]
- December 1 – Roelof Frankot, Dutch painter (b. 1911)
- December 8 – Luther Adler, American actor (b. 1903)
- December 11
- Oskar Seidlin, Silesian-born Jewish-American literary scholar (b. 1911)
- George Waggner, American film director (b. 1894)
- December 14 – Vicente Aleixandre, Spanish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1898)
- December 15 – Jan Peerce, American tenor (b. 1904)
- December 16 – J. Roderick MacArthur, American businessman and philanthropist (b. 1920)
- December 20 – Gonzalo Márquez, Venezuelan Major League Baseball player (b. 1946)
- December 24 – Peter Lawford, English actor (b. 1923)
- December 28 – Sam Peckinpah, American film director (b. 1925)
- December 29 – Leo Robin, American composer (b. 1900)
Nobel Prizes[link]
- Physics – Carlo Rubbia, Simon van der Meer
- Chemistry – Robert Bruce Merrifield
- Medicine – Niels Kaj Jerne, Georges J.F. Köhler, César Milstein
- Literature – Jaroslav Seifert
- Peace – Bishop Desmond Mpilo Tutu
- Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel – Richard Stone
Templeton Prize[link]
- Rev. Michael Bourdeaux, founder of the Keston Institute[3]
References[link]
- ^ "United States-Vatican Diplomatic Relations: The Past and The Future". The Ambassadors REVIEW. Council of American Ambassadors. Spring 2001. http://www.americanambassadors.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=Publications.article&articleid=44. Retrieved November 17, 2011. "On January 10, 1984, when President Reagan announced the establishment of formal diplomatic relations with the Holy See, he appointed William A. Wilson, who had been serving as his personal representative to the Pope, as the first US Ambassador..."
- ^ Band Aid – Do They Know It's Christmas? Retrieved November 17, 2011.
- ^ Templeton Prize.org
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"Eric Blair" redirects here. For the politician, see Eric Blair (Ontario politician).
| George Orwell | |
|---|---|
 Orwell's press card portrait, taken in 1933 |
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| Born | Eric Arthur Blair (1903-06-25)25 June 1903 Motihari, Bihar, British India |
| Died | 21 January 1950(1950-01-21) (aged 46) University College Hospital, London, England, United Kingdom |
| Resting place | Sutton Courtenay, Oxfordshire, England, United Kingdom |
| Pen name | George Orwell |
| Occupation | Novelist, political writer and journalist |
| Language | English |
| Nationality | British |
| Citizenship | British subject |
| Alma mater | Eton College |
| Period | 6 October 1928 – 1 January 1950 |
| Genres | Dystopia, roman à clef, satire |
| Subjects | Anti-fascism and anti-Stalinist left, democratic socialism, literary criticism, news, polemic |
| Notable work(s) | Homage to Catalonia (1938) Animal Farm (1945) Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949) essays |
| Notable award(s) | Prometheus Award 1984 Nineteen Eighty-four 2011 Animal Farm |
| Spouse(s) | Eileen O'Shaughnessy (1935–1945, her death) Sonia Brownell (1949–1950, his death) |
| Children | Richard Horatio Blair |
| Relative(s) | Richard Walmesley Blair (father) Ida Mabel Blair (née Limouzin) (mother) Marjorie (sister) Avril (sister) |
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| Signature |  |
Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950),[1] better known by his pen name George Orwell, was an English novelist and journalist. His work is marked by keen intelligence and wit, a profound awareness of social injustice, an intense opposition to totalitarianism, a passion for clarity in language and a belief in democratic socialism.[2][3]
Considered perhaps the 20th century's best chronicler of English culture,[4] Orwell wrote literary criticism, poetry, fiction and polemical journalism. He is best known for the dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949) and the allegorical novella Animal Farm (1945), which together have sold more copies than any two books by any other 20th-century author.[5] His book Homage to Catalonia (1938), an account of his experiences in the Spanish Civil War, is widely acclaimed, as are his numerous essays on politics, literature, language and culture. In 2008, The Times ranked him second on a list of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945".[6]
Orwell's influence on popular and political culture endures, and several of his neologisms, along with the term Orwellian—a byword for totalitarian or manipulative social practices—have entered the vernacular.
Biography[link]
Early life and education[link]
Eric Arthur Blair was born on 25 June 1903, in Motihari, Bihar, in India.[7] His great-grandfather Charles Blair had been a wealthy country gentleman in Dorset who had married Lady Mary Fane, daughter of Thomas Fane, 8th Earl of Westmorland, and had income as an absentee landlord of slave plantations in Jamaica.[8] His grandfather, Thomas Richard Arthur Blair, was a clergyman.[9] Although the gentility was passed down the generations, the prosperity was not; Eric Blair described his family as "lower-upper-middle class".[10] His father, Richard Walmesley Blair, worked in the Opium Department of the Indian Civil Service. His mother, Ida Mabel Blair (née Limouzin), grew up in Moulmein, Burma where her French father was involved in speculative ventures.[8] Eric had two sisters: Marjorie, five years older, and Avril, five years younger. When Eric was one year old, his mother took him to England.[11][12]
In 1904, Blair's mother settled at Henley-on-Thames. Thereafter, Eric was brought up in the company of his mother and sisters, and apart from a brief visit, in the summer of 1907,[13] he did not see his father again until 1912.[9] His mother's diary from 1905 indicates a lively round of social activity and artistic interests. The family moved to Shiplake before the First World War, and Eric became friendly with the Buddicom family, especially Jacintha Buddicom. When they first met, he was standing on his head in a field, and on being asked why, he said, "You are noticed more if you stand on your head than if you are right way up."[14] Jacintha and Eric read and wrote poetry and dreamed of becoming famous writers. He told her that he might write a book in similar style to that of H. G. Wells's A Modern Utopia. During this period, he enjoyed shooting, fishing and birdwatching with Jacintha's brother and sister.[14]
At the age of five, Eric Blair was sent as a day-boy to the convent school in Henley-on-Thames which Marjorie attended (a Roman Catholic convent run by French Ursulines, exiled from France after religious education was banned there in 1903).[15] His mother wanted him to have a public school education, but his family was not wealthy enough to afford the fees, making it necessary for him to obtain a scholarship. Ida Blair's brother Charles Limouzin, who lived on the South Coast of England, was asked to find the best possible school to prepare Eric[16] for public school entrance, and he recommended St Cyprian's School, Eastbourne, East Sussex.[9] Limouzin, who was a proficient golfer, came into contact with the school and its headmaster at the Royal Eastbourne Golf Club where he won several competitions in 1903 and 1904.[17] The headmaster undertook to help Blair to win the scholarship, and made a private financial arrangement which allowed Blair's parents to pay only half the normal fees. In September 1911 Eric arrived at St Cyprian's. He boarded at the school until he left going home only for school holidays. He knew nothing of the reduced-fee arrangement until his third year at the school, though he 'soon recognised that he was from a poorer home'.[18] Blair hated the school[19] and many years later based his posthumously published essay Such, Such Were the Joys on his time there. At St. Cyprian's, Blair first met Cyril Connolly, who himself became a noted writer and who, as the editor of Horizon, published many of Orwell's essays. As part of his school work, Blair wrote two poems that were published in the Henley and South Oxfordshire Standard,[20][21] He came second to Connolly in the Harrow History Prize, had his work praised by the school's external examiner, and earned scholarships to Wellington College and Eton College. An Eton scholarship did not guarantee a place and none was immediately available for Blair. Instead of taking up the Wellington scholarship he elected to stay at St Cyprian's until December 1916 in case a place at Eton materialised.[9]
In January, Blair took up the place at Wellington where he spent the Spring term. In May 1917 a place became available for him as a King's Scholar at Eton which he took up, and he remained at Eton until December 1921 when he left aged eighteen and a half. Wellington, Orwell told his childhood friend Jacintha Buddicom, was 'beastly', but at Eton he said he was 'interested and happy'.[22] His principal tutor was A. S. F. Gow, fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge who remained a source of advice later in his career.[9] Blair was briefly taught French by Aldous Huxley who spent a short interlude teaching at Eton. Stephen Runciman, who was at Eton with Blair, noted that he and his contemporaries appreciated Huxley's use of words and phrases,[23] but there is no evidence of contact between Orwell and Huxley at Eton outside the classroom.[9] Cyril Connolly followed Blair to Eton, but because they were in separate years they did not associate with each other.[24] Blair's academic performance reports suggest that he neglected his academic studies,[23] but during his time at Eton, he worked with Roger Mynors to produce a college magazine, The Election Times, joined in the production of other publications—College Days and Bubble and Squeak—and participated in the Eton Wall Game. His parents could not afford to send him to university without another scholarship, and they concluded from his poor results that he would not be able to obtain one. However, Runciman noted that he had a romantic idea about the East[23] and it was decided that Blair should join the Indian Police Service. To do this, it was necessary to pass an entrance examination. His father had retired to Southwold, Suffolk by this time and Blair was enrolled at a "crammer" there called Craighurst where he brushed up on his classics, English and History. Blair passed the exam, coming seventh out of the twenty-six candidates who exceeded the set pass mark.[9][25]
Policing in Burma[link]
File:OrwellBurmaPassport.jpg
Orwell pictured in a passport photo during his Burma years
Blair's grandmother lived at Moulmein, and with family connections in the area, his choice of posting was Burma. In October 1922 he sailed on board S.S. Herefordshire via the Suez Canal and Ceylon to join the Indian Imperial Police in Burma. A month later, he arrived at Rangoon and made the journey to Mandalay, the site of the police training school. After a short posting at Maymyo, Burma's principal hill station, he was posted to the frontier outpost of Myaungmya in the Irrawaddy Delta at the beginning of 1924.
His imperial policeman's life gave him considerable responsibilities for a young man, while his contemporaries were still at university in England. When he was posted farther east in the Delta to Twante as a sub-divisional officer, he was responsible for the security of some 200,000 people. At the end of 1924 he was promoted to Assistant District Superintendent and posted to Syriam, which was closer to Rangoon. Syriam was the site of the refinery of the Burmah Oil Company, "the surrounding land a barren waste, all vegetation killed off by the fumes of sulphur dioxide pouring out day and night from the stacks of the refinery." Its proximity to Rangoon however, a cosmopolitan seaport, had its rewards: Blair went into the city as often as he could," to browse in a bookshop; to eat well-cooked food; to get away from the boring routine of police life."[26] In September 1925 he went to Insein, the home of Insein Prison the second largest jail in Burma. In Insein, he had "long talks on every conceivable subject" with a woman named Elisa Maria Langford-Rae (later the wife of Kazi Lhendup Dorjee), who noted his "sense of utter fairness in minutest details".[27]
File:KatharBritishClub.JPG
British Club in Kathar (In Orwell's time it consisted of only the ground floor)
In April 1926 he moved to Moulmein, where his grandmother lived. At the end of that year, he went to Katha, in Upper Burma, where he contracted Dengue fever in 1927. He was entitled to a leave in England that year, and in view of his illness, was allowed to go home in July. While on leave in England and on holiday with his family in Cornwall in September 1927, he reappraised his life, decided not to return to Burma, and resigned from the Indian Imperial Police with the intention of becoming a writer. His Burma police experience yielded the novel Burmese Days (1934) and the essays "A Hanging" (1931) and "Shooting an Elephant" (1936). In Burma, Orwell had acquired a reputation as someone who didn't fit in – he spent much of his time alone, reading or pursuing non-pukka activities such as attending the churches of the ethnic Karen group. A colleague, Roger Beadon, recalled (in a 1969 recording for the BBC) that Orwell was adept at learning the language and that before he left Burma, "was able to speak fluently with Burmese priests in 'very high-flown Burmese.'"[28] Orwell wrote later that he felt guilty for his role in the machine of empire and he "began to look more closely at his own country and saw that England also had its oppressed..." Physical marks left by Burma remained with Orwell throughout his life. "While in Burma, he acquired a moustache similar to those worn by officers of the British regiments stationed there. [He] also acquired some tattoos; on each knuckle he had a small untidy blue circle. Many Burmese living in rural areas still sport tattoos like this – they are believed to protect against bullets and snake bites."[29]
London and Paris[link]
In England, he settled back in the family home at Southwold, renewing acquaintance with local friends and attending an Old Etonian dinner. He visited his old tutor Gow at Cambridge for advice on becoming a writer.[30] Early in the autumn of 1927 he moved to London.[31] Ruth Pitter, a family acquaintance, helped him find lodgings, and by the end of 1927 he had moved into rooms in Portobello Road;[32](a blue plaque commemorates his residence there.[33]) Pitter's association with the move "would have lent it a reassuring respectability in Mrs Blair's eyes." Pitter had a sympathetic interest in Blair's writing, pointed out weaknesses in his poetry, and advised him to write about what he knew. In fact he decided to write of "certain aspects of the present that he set out to know" and "ventured into the East End of London – the first of the occasional sorties he would make to discover for himself the world of poverty and the down-and-outers who inhabit it. He had found a subject. These sorties, explorations, expeditions, tours or immersions were made intermittently over a period of five years."[34]
Following the precedent of Jack London, a writer he admired (and particularly London's "The People of the Abyss"), Orwell started his exploratory expeditions slumming in the poorer parts of London. On his first outing he set out to Limehouse Causeway spending his first night in a common lodging house, possibly George Levy's 'kip'. For a while he "went native" in his own country, dressing like a tramp and making no concessions to middle class mores and expectations; he recorded his experiences of the low life for later use in "The Spike", his first published essay, and the latter half of his first book, Down and Out in Paris and London (1933).
In the spring of 1928, he moved to Paris, where the comparatively low cost of living and bohemian lifestyle offered an attraction for many aspiring writers, and he lived in the Rue du Pot de Fer, a working class district in the 5th Arrondissement.[9] His Aunt Nellie Limouzin also lived in Paris and gave him social and, if necessary, financial support. He worked on novels, including an early version of Burmese Days but nothing else survives from that activity.[9] More successful as a journalist, he published articles in Monde, a political/literary journal edited by Henri Barbusse, – his first article as a professional writer, La Censure en Angleterre, appeared in this paper on 6 October 1928 – G. K.'s Weekly – where his first article to appear in England, A Farthing Newspaper, was printed on 29 December 1928 [35] – and Le Progrès Civique (founded by the left-wing coalition Le Cartel des Gauches). Three pieces appeared in successive weeks in Progrès Civique, the first looked at unemployment, the next, a day in the life of a tramp, and the third, the beggars of London. "In one or another of its destructive forms, poverty was to become his obsessive subject – at the heart of almost everything he wrote until Homage to Catalonia."[36]
He fell seriously ill in February 1929 and was taken to the Hôpital Cochin in the 14th arrondissement, a free hospital maintained for the teaching of medical students (the basis of his essay How the Poor Die, published in 1946), and shortly afterwards had all his money stolen from the lodging house. Whether through necessity or simply to collect material, he undertook menial jobs like dishwashing in a fashionable hotel on the rue de Rivoli, providing experiences to be used in Down and Out in Paris and London. In August 1929, he sent a copy of "The Spike" to New Adelphi magazine in London. This was owned by John Middleton Murry who had released editorial control to Max Plowman and Sir Richard Rees. Plowman accepted the work for publication.
Southwold[link]
In December 1929, after a year and three quarters in Paris, Blair returned to England and went directly to his parents' house in Southwold, which was to remain his base for the next five years. The family was well established in the local community, and his sister Avril was running a tea house in the town. He became acquainted with many local people including a gym teacher at St Felix Girls' School, Southwold, Brenda Salkeld, the daughter of a clergyman. Although Salkeld rejected his offer of marriage she was to remain a friend and regular correspondent about his work for many years. He also renewed friendships with older friends such as Dennis Collings, whose girlfriend Eleanor Jacques was also to play a part in his life.[9]
In the spring he had a short stay in Bramley, Leeds with his sister Marjorie and her husband Humphrey Dakin, who was as unappreciative of Blair as when they knew each other as children. Blair was undertaking some review work for Adelphi and acting as a private tutor to a disabled child at Southwold. He followed this up by tutoring a family of three boys one of whom, Richard Peters, later became a distinguished academic.[37] "His history in these years is marked by dualities and contrasts. There is Blair leading a respectable, outwardly eventless life at his parents' house in Southwold, writing; then in contrast, there is Blair as Burton (the name he used in his down-and-out episodes) in search of experience in the kips and spikes, in the East End, on the road, and in the hop fields of Kent."[38] He went painting and bathing on the beach, and there he met Mabel and Francis Fierz who were later to influence his career. Over the next year he visited them in London often meeting their friend Max Plowman. Other homes available to him were those of Ruth Pitter and Richard Rees. These acted as places for him to "change" for his sporadic tramping expeditions where one of his jobs was to do domestic work at a lodgings for half a crown a day.[39]
Meanwhile, Blair now contributed regularly to Adelphi, with "A Hanging" appearing in August 1931. From August to September 1931 his explorations of the lower depths continued, and extended to following the East End tradition of working in the Kent hop fields (an activity which his lead character in A Clergyman's Daughter also engages in), and he kept a diary covering the entire experience. At the end of this, he ended up in the Tooley Street kip, but could not stand it for long and with a financial contribution from his parents moved to Windsor Street where he stayed until Christmas. "Hop Picking", by Eric Blair, appeared in the October 1931 issue of New Statesman, where Cyril Connolly was on the staff. Mabel Fierz put him in contact with Leonard Moore who was to become his literary agent.
At this time Jonathan Cape rejected A Scullion's Diary, the first version of Down and Out. On the advice of Richard Rees he offered it to Faber & Faber, whose editorial director, T. S. Eliot, also rejected it. To conclude the year Blair attempted another exploratory venture of getting himself arrested so that he could spend Christmas in prison, but the relevant authorities did not cooperate and he returned home to Southwold after two days in a police cell.
Teaching[link]
In April 1932 Blair took a job teaching at The Hawthorns High School, a prep school for boys in Hayes, West London. This was a small school that provided private schooling for children of local tradesmen and shopkeepers and comprised only 20 boys and one other master.[40] While at the school he became friendly with the curate of the local parish church and became involved with it. Mabel Fierz had pursued matters with Moore, and at the end of June 1932, Moore told Blair that Victor Gollancz was prepared to publish A Scullion's Diary for a £40 advance, for his recently founded publishing house, Victor Gollancz Ltd, which was an outlet for radical and socialist works.
At the end of the school summer term in 1932 Blair returned to Southwold, where his parents had been able to buy their own home as a result of a legacy. Blair and his sister Avril spent the summer holidays making the house habitable while he also worked on Burmese Days.[41] He was also spending time with Eleanor Jacques but her attachment to Dennis Collings remained an obstacle to his hopes of a more serious relationship.
"Clink", an essay describing his failed attempt to get sent to prison, appeared in the August 1932 number of Adelphi. He returned to teaching at Hayes and prepared for the publication of his work now known as Down and Out in Paris and London which he wished to publish under an assumed name in order to avoid potential embarrassment to his family for having been a tramp.[43] In a letter to Moore (dated 15 November 1932) he left the choice of pseudonym to him and to Gollancz. Four days later, he wrote to Moore, suggesting the pseudonyms P. S. Burton (a name he used when tramping), Kenneth Miles, George Orwell, and H. Lewis Allways.[44] He finally adopted the nom de plume George Orwell because, as he told Eleanor Jacques, "It is a good round English name." Down and Out in Paris and London was published on 9 January 1933. He had little free time and was still working on Burmese Days. Down and Out was successful and it was published by Harper and Brothers in New York.
In the summer of 1933 Blair finished at Hawthorns to take up a teaching job at Frays College, in Uxbridge, West London. This was a much larger establishment with 200 pupils and a full complement of staff. He acquired a motorcycle and took trips through the surrounding countryside. On one of these expeditions he became soaked and caught a chill which developed into pneumonia. He was taken to Uxbridge Cottage Hospital where for a time his life was believed to be in danger. When he was discharged in January 1934, he returned to Southwold to convalesce and, supported by his parents, never returned to teaching.
He was disappointed when Gollancz turned down Burmese Days, mainly on the grounds of potential libel actions but Harpers were prepared to publish it in the United States. Meanwhile back at home Blair started work on the novel A Clergyman's Daughter drawing upon his life as a teacher and on life in Southwold. Eleanor Jacques was now married and had gone to Singapore and Brenda Salkield had left for Ireland, so Blair was relatively lonely in Southwold—pottering on the allotments, walking alone and spending time with his father. Eventually in October, after sending A Clergyman's Daughter to Moore, he left for London to take a job that had been found for him by his Aunt Nellie Limouzin.
Hampstead[link]
File:Orwell hampstead home.JPG
Orwell's former home at 77 Parliament Hill, Hampstead
This job was as a part-time assistant in "Booklovers' Corner", a second-hand bookshop in Hampstead run by Francis and Myfanwy Westrope who were friends of Nellie Limouzin in the Esperanto movement. The Westropes had an easy-going outlook and provided him with comfortable accommodation at Warwick Mansions, Pond Street. He was job sharing with Jon Kimche who also lived with the Westropes. Blair worked at the shop in the afternoons, having the mornings free to write and the evenings to socialise. These experiences provided background for the novel Keep the Aspidistra Flying (1936). As well as the various guests of the Westropes, he was able to enjoy the company of Richard Rees and the Adelphi writers and Mabel Fierz. The Westropes and Kimche were members of the Independent Labour Party although at this time Blair was not seriously politically aligned. He was writing for the Adelphi and dealing with pre-publication issues with A Clergymans Daughter and Burmese Days.
At the beginning of 1935 he had to move out of Warwick Mansions, and Mabel Fierz found him a flat in Parliament Hill. A Clergyman's Daughter was published on 11 March 1935. In the spring of 1935 Blair met his future wife Eileen O'Shaughnessy when his landlady, Rosalind Obermeyer, who was studying for a masters degree in psychology at University College London, invited some of her fellow students to a party. One of these students, the future translator of Chekhov and author of memoirs Elizaveta Fen, later recalled Orwell and his friend Richard Rees 'draped' at the fireplace, looking, she thought, 'moth-eaten and prematurely aged.' [45] Around this time, Blair had started to write reviews for the New English Weekly.
In June, Burmese Days was published and following Connolly's review of it in the New Statesman, the two re-established contact. In August, Blair moved into a flat in Kentish Town which he shared with Michael Sayers and Rayner Heppenstall. The relationship was sometimes awkward, Orwell and Heppenstall even coming to blows, though they remained friends and later worked together on BBC broadcasts.[46] He was working on Keep the Aspidistra Flying, and also tried to write a serial for the News Chronicle, which was an unsuccessful venture. By October 1935 his flat-mates had moved out, and he was struggling to pay the rent on his own. He remained until the end of January 1936 when he stopped working at Booklovers' Corner.
[edit] The Road to Wigan Pier
At this time, Victor Gollancz suggested Orwell spend a short time investigating social conditions in economically depressed northern England.[47] Two years earlier J. B. Priestley had written of England north of the Trent and this had stimulated an interest in reportage. Furthermore the depression had introduced a number of working-class writers from the North of England to the reading public.
On 31 January 1936, Orwell set out by public transport and on foot via Coventry, Stafford, the Potteries and Macclesfield, reaching Manchester. Arriving after the banks had closed, he had to stay in a common lodging house. Next day he picked up a list of contact addresses sent by Richard Rees. One of these, trade union official Frank Meade, suggested Wigan, where Orwell spent February staying in dirty lodgings over a tripe shop. At Wigan, he gained entry to many houses to see how people lived, took systematic notes of housing conditions and wages earned, went down a coal mine, and spent days at the local public library consulting public health records and reports on working conditions in mines.
During this time he was distracted by dealing with libel and stylistic issues relating to Keep the Aspidistra Flying. He made a quick visit to Liverpool and spent March in south Yorkshire, spending time in Sheffield and Barnsley. As well as visiting mines, including Grimethorpe, and observing social conditions, he attended meetings of the Communist Party and of Oswald Mosley – "his speech the usual claptrap—The blame for everything was put upon mysterious international gangs of Jews" – where he saw the tactics of the Blackshirts – "one is liable to get both a hammering and a fine for asking a question which Mosley finds it difficult to answer." [48] He punctuated his stay with visits to his sister at Headingley, during which he visited the Brontë Parsonage at Haworth, where he was "chiefly impressed by a pair of Charlotte Brontë's cloth-topped boots, very small, with square toes and lacing up at the sides." [49]
His investigations gave rise to The Road to Wigan Pier, published by Gollancz for the Left Book Club in 1937. The first half of this work documents his social investigations of Lancashire and Yorkshire. It begins with an evocative description of working life in the coal mines. The second half is a long essay on his upbringing and the development of his political conscience, which includes criticism of some of the groups on the left. Gollancz feared the second half would offend readers and inserted a mollifying preface to the book while Orwell was in Spain.
Orwell needed somewhere where he could concentrate on writing his book, and once again help was provided by Aunt Nellie who was living in a cottage at Wallington, Hertfordshire. It was a very small cottage which had been built in the sixteenth century called the "Stores", with almost no modern facilities, in a tiny village some thirty-five miles north of London. Orwell took over the tenancy and moved in on 2 April 1936.[50] He started work on Wigan Pier by the end of April and, as well as writing, spent hours working on the garden and investigated the possibility of reopening the Stores as a village shop. Keep the Aspidistra Flying was published by Gollancz on 20 April 1936. On 4 August Orwell gave a talk at the Adelphi Summer School held at Langham, entitled An Outsider Sees the Distressed Areas; others who spoke at the School included John Strachey, Max Plowman, Karl Polanyi and Reinhold Niebuhr.
Orwell's research for The Road to Wigan Pier led to him being placed under surveillance by the Special Branch in 1936, for 12 years, until 1 year before the publication of 1984.[51]
Orwell married Eileen O'Shaughnessy on 9 June 1936. Shortly afterwards, the political crisis began in Spain and Orwell followed developments there closely. At the end of the year, concerned by Francisco Franco's Falangist uprising, (supported by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy), Orwell decided to go to Spain to take part in the Spanish Civil War on the Republican side. Under the erroneous impression that he needed papers from some left-wing organisation to cross the frontier, on John Strachey's recommendation he applied unsuccessfully to Harry Pollitt, leader of the British Communist Party. Pollitt was suspicious of Orwell's political reliability; he asked him whether he would undertake to join the International Brigade and advised him to get a safe-conduct from the Spanish Embassy in Paris.[52] Not wishing to commit himself until he'd seen the situation in situ, Orwell instead used his Independent Labour Party contacts to get a letter of introduction to John McNair in Barcelona.
The Spanish Civil War and Catalonia[link]
File:Placegeorgeorwell.jpg
The square in Barcelona renamed in Orwell's honour
Orwell set out for Spain on about 23 December, dining with Henry Miller in Paris on the way. A few days later at Barcelona, he met John McNair of the Independent Labour Party (ILP) Office who quoted him: "I've come to fight against Fascism".[53] Orwell stepped into a complex political situation in Catalonia. The Republican government was supported by a number of factions with conflicting aims, including the Workers' Party of Marxist Unification (POUM – Partido Obrero de Unificación Marxista), the anarcho-syndicalist Confederación Nacional del Trabajo and the Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (a wing of the Spanish Communist Party, which was backed by Soviet arms and aid). The ILP was linked to the POUM and so Orwell joined the POUM.
After a time at the Lenin Barracks in Barcelona he was sent to the relatively quiet Aragon Front under Georges Kopp. By January 1937 he was at Alcubierre 1,500 feet (460 m) above sea level in the depth of winter. There was very little military action, and the lack of equipment and other deprivations made it uncomfortable. Orwell, with his Cadet Corps and police training was quickly made a corporal. On the arrival of a British ILP Contingent about three weeks later, Orwell and the other English militiaman, Williams, were sent with them to Monte Oscuro. The newly arrived ILP contingent included Bob Smillie, Bob Edwards, Stafford Cottman and Jack Branthwaite. The unit was then sent on to Huesca.
Meanwhile, back in England, Eileen had been handling the issues relating to the publication of The Road to Wigan Pier before setting out for Spain herself, leaving Aunt Nellie Limouzin to look after The Stores. Eileen volunteered for a post in John McNair's office and with the help of Georges Kopp paid visits to her husband, bringing him English tea, chocolate and cigars.[54] Orwell had to spend some days in hospital with a poisoned hand and had most of his possessions stolen by the staff. He returned to the front and saw some action in night attack on the Nationalist trenches where he chased an enemy soldier with a bayonet and bombed an enemy rifle position.
In April, Orwell returned to Barcelona. Wanting to be sent to the Madrid front, which meant he "must join the International Column", he approached a Communist friend attached to the Spanish Medical Aid and explained his case. "Although he did not think much of the Communists, Orwell was still ready to treat them as friends and allies. That would soon change."[55] This was the time of the Barcelona May Days and Orwell was caught up in the factional fighting. He spent much of the time on a roof, with a stack of novels, but encountered Jon Kimche from his Hampstead days during the stay. The subsequent campaign of lies and distortion carried out by the Communist press,[56] in which the POUM was accused of collaborating with the fascists, had a dramatic effect on Orwell. Instead of joining the International Brigades as he had intended, he decided to return to the Aragon Front. Once the May fighting was over, he was approached by a Communist friend who asked if he still intended transferring to the International Brigades. Orwell expressed surprise that they should still want him, because according to the Communist press he was a fascist.[57] "No one who was in Barcelona then, or for months later, will forget the horrible atmosphere produced by fear, suspicion, hatred, censored newspapers, crammed jails, enormous food queues and prowling gangs of armed men."[58]
After his return to the front, he was wounded in the throat by a sniper's bullet. Orwell was considerably taller than the Spanish fighters[59] and had been warned against standing against the trench parapet. Unable to speak, and with blood pouring from his mouth, Orwell was carried on a stretcher to Siétamo, loaded on an ambulance and after a bumpy journey via Barbastro arrived at the hospital at Lleida. He recovered sufficiently to get up and on 27 May 1937 was sent on to Tarragona and two days later to a POUM sanatorium in the suburbs of Barcelona. The bullet had missed his main artery by the barest margin and his voice was barely audible. He received electrotherapy treatment and was declared medically unfit for service.
By the middle of June the political situation in Barcelona had deteriorated and the POUM—painted by the pro-Soviet Communists as a Trotskyist organisation—was outlawed and under attack. The Communist line was that the POUM were 'objectively' Fascist, hindering the Republican cause. " A particularly nasty poster appeared, showing a head with a POUM mask being ripped off to reveal a Swastika-covered face beneath. "[60] Members, including Kopp, were arrested and others were in hiding. Orwell and his wife were under threat and had to lie low,[61] although they broke cover to try to help Kopp.
Finally with their passports in order, they escaped from Spain by train, diverting to Banyuls-sur-Mer for a short stay before returning to England. In the first week of July 1937 Orwell arrived back at Wallington; on 13 July 1937 a deposition was presented to the Tribunal for Espionage & High Treason, Valencia, charging the Orwells with 'rabid Trotskyism', and being agents of the POUM.[62] The trial of the leaders of the POUM and of Orwell (in his absence) took place in Barcelona in October and November 1938. Observing events from French Morocco Orwell wrote that they were " - only a by-product of the Russian Trotskyist trials and from the start every kind of lie, including flagrant absurdities, has been circulated in the Communist press." [63] Orwell's experiences in the Spanish Civil War gave rise to Homage to Catalonia (1938).
Rest and recuperation[link]
Orwell returned to England in June 1937, and stayed at the O'Shaughnessy home at Greenwich. He found his views on the Spanish Civil War out of favour. Kingsley Martin rejected two of his works and Gollancz was equally cautious. At the same time, the communist Daily Worker was running an attack on The Road to Wigan Pier, misquoting Orwell as saying "the working classes smell"; a letter to Gollancz from Orwell threatening libel action brought a stop to this. Orwell was also able to find a more sympathetic publisher for his views in Frederic Warburg of Secker & Warburg. Orwell returned to Wallington, which he found in disarray after his absence. He acquired goats, a rooster he called "Henry Ford", and a poodle puppy he called "Marx"[65][66][67] and settled down to animal husbandry and writing Homage to Catalonia.
There were thoughts of going to India to work on the Pioneer, a newspaper in Lucknow, but by March 1938 Orwell's health had deteriorated. He was admitted to Preston Hall Sanatorium at Aylesford, Kent, a British Legion hospital for ex-servicemen to which his brother-in-law Laurence O'Shaughnessy was attached. He was thought initially to be suffering from tuberculosis and stayed in the sanatorium until September. A stream of visitors came to see him including Common, Heppenstall, Plowman and Cyril Connolly. Connolly brought with him Stephen Spender, a cause of some embarrassment as Orwell had referred to Spender as a "pansy friend" some time earlier. Homage to Catalonia was published by Secker & Warburg and was a commercial flop. In the latter part of his stay at the clinic Orwell was able to go for walks in the countryside and study nature.
The novelist L.H. Myers secretly funded a trip to French Morocco for half a year for Orwell to avoid the English winter and recover his health. The Orwells set out in September 1938 via Gibraltar and Tangier to avoid Spanish Morocco and arrived at Marrakech. They rented a villa on the road to Casablanca and during that time Orwell wrote Coming Up for Air. They arrived back in England on 30 March 1939 and Coming Up for Air was published in June. Orwell spent time in Wallington and Southwold working on a Dickens essay and it was in July 1939 that Orwell's father, Richard Blair, died.
[edit] World War II and Animal Farm
On the outbreak of World War II, Orwell's wife Eileen started work in the Censorship Department in London, staying during the week with her family in Greenwich. Orwell also submitted his name to the Central Register for war effort but nothing transpired. He returned to Wallington, and in the autumn of 1939 he wrote material for Inside the Whale and Other Essays. For the next year he was occupied writing reviews for plays, films and books for The Listener, Time and Tide and New Adelphi. At the beginning of 1940, the first edition of Connolly's Horizon appeared, and this provided a new outlet for Orwell's work as well as new literary contacts. In May the Orwells took lease of a flat in London at Dorset Chambers, Chagford Street, Marylebone. It was the time of the Dunkirk evacuation and the death in France of Eileen's brother Lawrence caused her considerable grief and long-term depression.
Orwell was declared "unfit for any kind of military service" by the Medical Board in June, but soon afterwards found an opportunity to become involved in war activities by joining the Home Guard. He shared Tom Wintringham's socialist vision for the Home Guard as a revolutionary People's Militia. Sergeant Orwell managed to recruit Frederic Warburg to his unit. During the Battle of Britain he used to spend weekends with Warburg and his new friend Zionist Tosco Fyvel at Twyford, Berkshire. At Wallington he worked on "England Your England" and in London wrote reviews for various periodicals. Visiting Eileen's family in Greenwich brought him face-to-face with the effects of the blitz on East London.
Early in 1941 he started writing for the American Partisan Review and contributed to Gollancz' anthology The Betrayal of the Left, written in the light of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact (although Orwell referred to it as the Russo-German Pact and the Hitler-Stalin Pact[68]). He also applied unsuccessfully for a job at the Air Ministry. In the Home Guard his mishandling of a mortar put two of his unit in hospital. Meanwhile he was still writing reviews of books and plays and at this time met the novelist Anthony Powell. He also took part in a few radio broadcasts for the Eastern Service of the BBC. In March the Orwells moved to St John's Wood in a 7th floor flat at Langford Court, while at Wallington Orwell was "digging for victory" by planting potatoes.
In August 1941, Orwell finally obtained "war work" when he was taken on full time by the BBC's Eastern Service. He supervised cultural broadcasts to India to counter propaganda from Nazi Germany designed to undermine Imperial links. This was Orwell's first experience of the rigid conformity of life in an office. However it gave him an opportunity to create cultural programmes with contributions from T. S. Eliot, Dylan Thomas, E. M. Forster, Ahmed Ali, Mulk Raj Anand, and William Empson among others.
At the end of August he had a dinner with H. G. Wells which degenerated into a row because Wells had taken offence at observations Orwell made about him in a Horizon article. In October Orwell had a bout of bronchitis and the illness recurred frequently. David Astor was looking for a provocative contributor for The Observer and invited Orwell to write for him—the first article appearing in March 1942. In spring of 1942 Eileen changed jobs to work at the Ministry of Food and Orwell's mother and sister Avril took war work in London and came to stay with the Orwells. In the summer, they all moved to a basement at Mortimer Crescent in Kilburn.
At the BBC, Orwell introduced Voice, a literary programme for his Indian broadcasts, and by now was leading an active social life with literary friends, particularly on the political left. Late in 1942, he started writing for the left-wing weekly Tribune directed by Labour MPs Aneurin Bevan and George Strauss. In March 1943 Orwell's mother died and around the same time he told Moore he was starting work on a new book, which would turn out to be Animal Farm.
In September 1943, Orwell resigned from the BBC post that he had occupied for two years. His resignation followed a report confirming his fears that few Indians listened to the broadcasts,[69] but he was also keen to concentrate on writing Animal Farm. At this time he was also discharged from the Home Guard.
In November 1943, Orwell was appointed literary editor at Tribune, where his assistant was his old friend Jon Kimche. On 24 December 1943, Tribune published, under the authorship of "John Freeman" – possibly in reference to the British politician – the short essay "Can Socialists Be Happy?", which has since been widely attributed to Orwell; see Bibliography of George Orwell. Orwell was on staff until early 1945, writing over 80 book reviews[70] as well as the regular column "As I Please". He was still writing reviews for other magazines, and becoming a respected pundit among left-wing circles but also close friends with people on the right like Powell, Astor and Malcolm Muggeridge. By April 1944 Animal Farm was ready for publication. Gollancz refused to publish it, considering it an attack on the Soviet regime which was a crucial ally in the war. A similar fate was met from other publishers (including T. S. Eliot at Faber and Faber) until Jonathan Cape agreed to take it.
In May the Orwells had the opportunity to adopt a child, thanks to the contacts of Eileen's sister Gwen O'Shaughnassy, then a doctor in Newcastle upon Tyne. In June a V-1 flying bomb landed on Mortimer Crescent and the Orwells had to find somewhere else to live. Orwell had to scrabble around in the rubble for his collection of books, which he had finally managed to transfer from Wallington, carting them away in a wheelbarrow.
Another bombshell was Cape's reversal of his plan to publish Animal Farm. The decision followed his personal visit to Peter Smollett, an official at the Ministry of Information. Smollett was later identified as a Soviet agent.[71][72]
The Orwells spent some time in the North East, near Carlton in County Durham, dealing with matters in the adoption of a boy whom they named Richard Horatio Blair.[73] In October 1944 they had set up home in Islington in a flat on the 7th floor of a block. Baby Richard joined them there, and Eileen gave up work to look after her family. Secker and Warburg had agreed to publish Animal Farm, planned for the following March, although it did not appear in print until August 1945. By February 1945 David Astor had invited Orwell to become a war correspondent for the Observer. Orwell had been looking for the opportunity throughout the war, but his failed medical reports prevented him from being allowed anywhere near action. He went to Paris after the liberation of France and to Cologne once it had been occupied by the Allies.
It was while he was there that Eileen went into hospital for a hysterectomy and died under anaesthetic on 29 March 1945. She had not given Orwell much notice about this operation because of worries about the cost and because she expected to make a speedy recovery. Orwell returned home for a while and then went back to Europe. He returned finally to London to cover the 1945 UK General Election at the beginning of July. Animal Farm: A Fairy Story was published in Britain on 17 August 1945, and a year later in the U.S., on 26 August 1946.
[edit] Jura and Nineteen Eighty-Four
Animal Farm struck a particular resonance in the post-war climate and its worldwide success made Orwell a sought-after figure.
For the next four years Orwell mixed journalistic work—mainly for Tribune, The Observer and the Manchester Evening News, though he also contributed to many small-circulation political and literary magazines—with writing his best-known work, Nineteen Eighty-Four, which was published in 1949.
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In the year following Eileen's death he published around 130 articles and was active in various political lobbying campaigns. He employed a housekeeper, Susan Watson, to look after his adopted son at the Islington flat, which visitors now described as "bleak". In September he spent a fortnight on the island of Jura in the Inner Hebrides and saw it as a place to escape from the hassle of London literary life. David Astor was instrumental in arranging a place for Orwell on Jura. Astor's family owned Scottish estates in the area and a fellow Old Etonian Robert Fletcher had a property on the island. During the winter of 1945 to 1946 Orwell made several hopeless and unwelcome marriage proposals to younger women, including Celia Kirwan (who was later to become Arthur Koestler's sister-in-law), Ann Popham who happened to live in the same block of flats and Sonia Brownell, one of Connolly's coterie at the Horizon office. Orwell suffered a tubercular haemorrhage in February 1946 but disguised his illness. In 1945 or early 1946, while still living at Canonbury Square, Orwell wrote an article on "British Cookery", complete with recipes, commissioned by the British Council. Given the post-war shortages, both parties agreed not to publish it.[74] His sister Marjorie died of kidney disease in May and shortly after, on 22 May 1946, Orwell set off to live on the Isle of Jura.
Barnhill[75] was an abandoned farmhouse with outbuildings near the northern end of the island, situated at the end of a five-mile (8 km), heavily rutted track from Ardlussa, where the owners lived. Conditions at the farmhouse were primitive but the natural history and the challenge of improving the place appealed to Orwell. His sister Avril accompanied him there and young novelist Paul Potts made up the party. In July Susan Watson arrived with Orwell's son Richard. Tensions developed and Potts departed after one of his manuscripts was used to light the fire. Orwell meanwhile set to work on Nineteen Eighty-Four. Later Susan Watson's boyfriend David Holbrook arrived. A fan of Orwell since school days, he found the reality very different, with Orwell hostile and disagreeable probably because of Holbrook's membership of the Communist Party.[76] Susan Watson could no longer stand being with Avril and she and her boyfriend left.
Orwell returned to London in late 1946 and picked up his literary journalism again. Now a well-known writer, he was swamped with work. Apart from a visit to Jura in the new year he stayed in London for one of the coldest British winters on record and with such a national shortage of fuel that he burnt his furniture and his child's toys. The heavy smog in the days before the Clean Air Act 1956 did little to help his health about which he was reticent, keeping clear of medical attention. Meanwhile he had to cope with rival claims of publishers Gollancz and Warburg for publishing rights. About this time he co-edited a collection titled British Pamphleteers with Reginald Reynolds. As a result of the success of Animal Farm, Orwell was expecting a large bill from the Inland Revenue and he contacted a firm of accountants of which the senior partner was Jack Harrison. The firm advised Orwell to establish a company to own his copyright and to receive his royalties and set up a "service agreement" so that he could draw a salary. Such a company "George Orwell Productions Ltd" (GOP Ltd) was set up on 12 September 1947 although the service agreement was not then put into effect. Jack Harrison left the details at this stage to junior colleagues.[77]
In April 1947 Orwell left London for good, ending the leases on the Islington flat and Wallington cottage. Back on Jura in gales and rainstorms he struggled to get on with Nineteen Eighty-Four but through the summer and autumn made good progress. During that time his sister's family visited, and Orwell led a disastrous boating expedition which nearly led to loss of life whilst trying to cross the notorious gulf of Corryvreckan and gave him a soaking which was not good for his health. In December a chest specialist was summoned from Glasgow who pronounced Orwell seriously ill and a week before Christmas 1947 he was in Hairmyres hospital in East Kilbride, then a small village in the countryside, on the outskirts of Glasgow. Tuberculosis was diagnosed and the request for permission to import streptomycin to treat Orwell went as far as Aneurin Bevan, now Minister of Health. By the end of July 1948 Orwell was able to return to Jura and by December he had finished the manuscript of Nineteen Eighty-Four. In January 1949, in a very weak condition, he set off for a sanatorium in Gloucestershire, escorted by Richard Rees.
The sanatorium at Cranham consisted of a series of small wooden chalets or huts in a remote part of the Cotswolds near Stroud. Visitors were shocked by Orwell's appearance and concerned by the short-comings and ineffectiveness of the treatment. Friends were worried about his finances, but by now he was comparatively well-off. He was writing to many of his friends, including Jacintha Buddicom, who had "rediscovered" him, and in March 1949, was visited by Celia Kirwan. Kirwan had just started working for a Foreign Office unit, the Information Research Department, set up by the Labour government to publish anti-communist propaganda, and Orwell gave her a list of people he considered to be unsuitable as IRD authors because of their pro-communist leanings. Orwell's list, not published until 2003, consisted mainly of writers but also included actors and Labour MPs.[71][78] Orwell received more streptomycin treatment and improved slightly. In June 1949 Nineteen Eighty-Four was published to immediate critical and popular acclaim.
Final months and death[link]
Orwell courted Sonia Brownell a second time during the summer, and they announced their marriage in September, shortly before he was removed to University College Hospital in London. Sonia took charge of Orwell's affairs and attended diligently in the hospital, causing concern to some old friends such as Muggeridge. In September 1949 Orwell invited his accountant Harrison to visit him in hospital, and Harrison claimed that Orwell then asked him to become director of GOP Ltd and to manage the company but there was no independent witness.[77] Orwell's wedding took place in the hospital room on 13 October 1949, with David Astor as best man.[79] Orwell was in decline and visited by an assortment of visitors including Muggeridge, Connolly, Lucian Freud, Stephen Spender, Evelyn Waugh, Paul Potts, Anthony Powell and his Eton tutor Anthony Gow.[9] Plans to go to the Swiss Alps were mooted. Further meetings were held with his accountant at which Harrison and Mr and Mrs Blair were confirmed as directors of the company and at which Harrison claimed that the "service agreement" was executed, giving copyright to the company.[77] Orwell's health was in decline again by Christmas. On the evening of 20 January 1950, Potts visited Orwell and slipped away on finding him asleep. However a later visit was made by Jack Harrison who claimed that Orwell gave him 25% of the company.[77] Early on the morning of 21 January, an artery burst in his lungs, killing him at age 46.[80]
Orwell had requested to be buried in accordance with the Anglican rite in the graveyard of the closest church to wherever he happened to die. The graveyards in central London had no space, and fearing that he might have to be cremated, against his wishes, his widow appealed to his friends to see whether any of them knew of a church with space in its graveyard.
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David Astor lived in Sutton Courtenay, Oxfordshire and negotiated with the vicar for Orwell to be interred in All Saints' Churchyard there, although he had no connection with the village.[81] His gravestone bore the simple epitaph: "Here lies Eric Arthur Blair, born 25 June 1903, died 21 January 1950"; no mention is made on the gravestone of his more famous pen-name.
Orwell's son, Richard Blair, was raised by an aunt after his father's death. He maintains a low public profile, though he has occasionally given interviews about the few memories he has of his father. Richard Blair worked for many years as an agricultural agent for the British government.
In 1979 Sonia brought a High Court action against Harrison who had in the meantime transferred 75% of the company's voting stock to himself and had dissipated much of the value of the company. She was considered to have a strong case, but was becoming increasingly ill and eventually was persuaded to settle out of court on 2 November 1980. She died on 11 December 1980, aged 62.[77]
Literary career[link]
Main article: Bibliography of George Orwell
During most of his career, Orwell was best known for his journalism, in essays, reviews, columns in newspapers and magazines and in his books of reportage: Down and Out in Paris and London (describing a period of poverty in these cities), The Road to Wigan Pier (describing the living conditions of the poor in northern England, and the class divide generally) and Homage to Catalonia. According to Irving Howe, Orwell was "the best English essayist since Hazlitt, perhaps since Dr Johnson."[82]
Modern readers are more often introduced to Orwell as a novelist, particularly through his enormously successful titles Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four. The former is often thought to reflect degeneration in the Soviet Union after the Russian Revolution and the rise of Stalinism; the latter, life under totalitarian rule. Nineteen Eighty-Four is often compared to Brave New World by Aldous Huxley; both are powerful dystopian novels warning of a future world where the state machine exerts complete control over social life. In 1984, Nineteen Eighty-Four and Ray Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451 were honoured with the Prometheus Award for their contributions to dystopian literature. In 2011 he received it again for Animal Farm.
Coming Up for Air, his last novel before World War II is the most 'English' of his novels; alarums of war mingle with images of idyllic Thames-side Edwardian childhood of protagonist George Bowling. The novel is pessimistic; industrialism and capitalism have killed the best of Old England, and there were great, new external threats. In homely terms, Bowling posits the totalitarian hypotheses of Borkenau, Orwell, Silone and Koestler: "Old Hitler's something different. So's Joe Stalin. They aren't like these chaps in the old days who crucified people and chopped their heads off and so forth, just for the fun of it ... They're something quite new—something that's never been heard of before".
Literary influences[link]
In an autobiographical piece that Orwell sent to the editors of Twentieth Century Authors in 1940, he wrote: "The writers I care about most and never grow tired of are: Shakespeare, Swift, Fielding, Dickens, Charles Reade, Flaubert and, among modern writers, James Joyce, T. S. Eliot and D. H. Lawrence. But I believe the modern writer who has influenced me most is Somerset Maugham, whom I admire immensely for his power of telling a story straightforwardly and without frills." Elsewhere, Orwell strongly praised the works of Jack London, especially his book The Road. Orwell's investigation of poverty in The Road to Wigan Pier strongly resembles that of Jack London's The People of the Abyss, in which the American journalist disguises himself as an out-of-work sailor in order to investigate the lives of the poor in London. In his essay "Politics vs. Literature: An Examination of Gulliver's Travels" (1946) Orwell wrote: "If I had to make a list of six books which were to be preserved when all others were destroyed, I would certainly put Gulliver's Travels among them.".
Other writers admired by Orwell included: Ralph Waldo Emerson, G. K. Chesterton, George Gissing, Graham Greene, Herman Melville, Henry Miller, Tobias Smollett, Mark Twain, Joseph Conrad and Yevgeny Zamyatin.[83] He was both an admirer and a critic of Rudyard Kipling,[84][85] praising Kipling as a gifted writer and a "good bad poet" whose work is "spurious" and "morally insensitive and aesthetically disgusting," but undeniably seductive and able to speak to certain aspects of reality more effectively than more enlightened authors.[86]
Orwell as literary critic[link]
Throughout his life Orwell continually supported himself as a book reviewer, writing works so long and sophisticated they have had an influence on literary criticism. He wrote in the conclusion to his 1940 essay on Charles Dickens,
When one reads any strongly individual piece of writing, one has the impression of seeing a face somewhere behind the page. It is not necessarily the actual face of the writer. I feel this very strongly with Swift, with Defoe, with Fielding, Stendhal, Thackeray, Flaubert, though in several cases I do not know what these people looked like and do not want to know. What one sees is the face that the writer ought to have. Well, in the case of Dickens I see a face that is not quite the face of Dickens's photographs, though it resembles it. It is the face of a man of about forty, with a small beard and a high colour. He is laughing, with a touch of anger in his laughter, but no triumph, no malignity. It is the face of a man who is always fighting against something, but who fights in the open and is not frightened, the face of a man who is generously angry—in other words, of a nineteenth-century liberal, a free intelligence, a type hated with equal hatred by all the smelly little orthodoxies which are now contending for our souls.
George Woodcock suggested that the last two sentences characterised Orwell as much as his subject.[87]
Reactions to Orwell's works[link]
Arthur Koestler mentioned Orwell's "uncompromising intellectual honesty [which] made him appear almost inhuman at times."[88] Ben Wattenberg stated: "Orwell’s writing pierced intellectual hypocrisy wherever he found it."[89] According to historian Piers Brendon, "Orwell was the saint of common decency who would in earlier days, said his BBC boss Rushbrook Williams, 'have been either canonised – or burnt at the stake'".[90] However, Raymond Williams in Politics and Letters: Interviews with New Left Review describes Orwell as a "successful impersonation of a plain man who bumps into experience in an unmediated way and tells the truth about it."[91] Christopher Norris declared that Orwell's "homespun empiricist outlook – his assumption that the truth was just there to be told in a straightforward common-sense way – now seems not merely naive but culpably self-deluding".[92]
Orwell's work has taken a prominent place in the school literature curriculum in England,[93] with Animal Farm a regular examination topic at the end of secondary education (GCSE), and Nineteen Eighty-Four a topic for subsequent examinations below university level (A Levels). Alan Brown noted that this brings to the forefront questions about the political content of teaching practices. Study aids, in particular with potted biographies, might be seen to help propagate the Orwell myth so that as an embodiment of human values he is presented as a "trustworthy guide", while examination questions sometimes suggest a "right ways of answering" in line with the myth.[94][clarification needed]]]
Historian John Rodden stated: "John Podhoretz did claim that if Orwell were alive today, he’d be standing with the neo-conservatives and against the Left. And the question arises, to what extent can you even begin to predict the political positions of somebody who’s been dead three decades and more by that time?"[89]
In Orwell's Victory, Christopher Hitchens argues, "In answer to the accusation of inconsistency Orwell as a writer was forever taking his own temperature. In other words, here was someone who never stopped testing and adjusting his intelligence".[95]
John Rodden points out the "undeniable conservative features in the Orwell physiognomy" and remarks on how "to some extent Orwell facilitated the kinds of uses and abuses by the Right that his name has been put to. In other ways there has been the politics of selective quotation."[89] Rodden refers to the essay "Why I Write", in which Orwell refers to the Spanish Civil War as being his "watershed political experience", saying "The Spanish War and other events in 1936–37, turned the scale. Thereafter I knew where I stood. Every line of serious work that I have written since 1936 has been written directly or indirectly against totalitarianism and for Democratic Socialism as I understand it." (emphasis in original)[89] Rodden goes on to explain how, during the McCarthy era, the introduction to the Signet edition of Animal Farm, which sold more than 20 million copies, makes use of "the politics of ellipsis":
If the book itself, Animal Farm, had left any doubt of the matter, Orwell dispelled it in his essay Why I Write: 'Every line of serious work that I’ve written since 1936 has been written directly or indirectly against Totalitarianism ... dot, dot, dot, dot.' "For Democratic Socialism" is vaporised, just like Winston Smith did it at the Ministry of Truth, and that’s very much what happened beginning of the McCarthy era and just continued, Orwell being selectively quoted.[89]
T.R. Fyvel wrote about Orwell: "His crucial experience ... was his struggle to turn himself into a writer, one which led through long periods of poverty, failure and humiliation, and about which he has written almost nothing directly. The sweat and agony was less in the slum-life than in the effort to turn the experience into literature."[96][97]
Influence on language and writing[link]
In his essay Politics and the English Language (1946), Orwell wrote about the importance of precise and clear language, arguing that vague writing can be used as a powerful tool of political manipulation because it shapes the way we think. In that essay, Orwell provides six rules for writers:
- Never use a metaphor, simile, or other figure of speech which you are used to seeing in print.
- Never use a long word where a short one will do.
- If it is possible to cut a word out, always cut it out.
- Never use the passive where you can use the active.
- Never use a foreign phrase, a scientific word, or a jargon word if you can think of an everyday English equivalent.
- Break any of these rules sooner than say anything outright barbarous.[98]
Andrew N. Rubin argues, "Orwell claimed that we should be attentive to how the use of language has limited our capacity for critical thought just as we should be equally concerned with the ways in which dominant modes of thinking have reshaped the very language that we use."[99]
The adjective Orwellian connotes an attitude and a policy of control by propaganda, surveillance, misinformation, denial of truth, and manipulation of the past. In Nineteen Eighty-Four Orwell described a totalitarian government that controlled thought by controlling language, making certain ideas literally unthinkable. Several words and phrases from Nineteen Eighty-Four have entered popular language. Newspeak is a simplified and obfuscatory language designed to make independent thought impossible. Doublethink means holding two contradictory beliefs simultaneously. The Thought Police are those who suppress all dissenting opinion. Prolefeed is homogenised, manufactured superficial literature, film and music, used to control and indoctrinate the populace through docility. Big Brother is a supreme dictator who watches everyone.
Orwell may have been the first to use the term cold war, in his essay, "You and the Atom Bomb", published in Tribune, 19 October 1945. He wrote:
We may be heading not for general breakdown but for an epoch as horribly stable as the slave empires of antiquity. James Burnham's theory has been much discussed, but few people have yet considered its ideological implications;— this is, the kind of world-view, the kind of beliefs, and the social structure that would probably prevail in a State which was at once unconquerable and in a permanent state of 'cold war' with its neighbours.[100]
Personal life[link]
Childhood[link]
Jacintha Buddicom's account Eric & Us provides an insight into Blair's childhood.[101] She quoted his sister Avril that "he was essentially an aloof, undemonstrative person" and said herself of his friendship with the Buddicoms "I do not think he needed any other friends beyond the schoolfriend he occasionally and appreciatively referred to as 'CC'". Cyril Connolly provides an account of Blair as a child in Enemies of Promise.[24] Years later, Blair mordantly recalled his prep school in the essay "Such, Such Were the Joys", claiming among other things that he "was made to study like a dog" to earn a scholarship, which he alleged was solely to enhance the school's prestige with parents. Jacintha Buddicom repudiated Orwell's schoolboy misery described in the essay, stating that "he was a specially happy child".
Connolly remarked of him as a schoolboy, "The remarkable thing about Orwell was that alone among the boys he was an intellectual and not a parrot for he thought for himself".[24] At Eton, John Vaughan Wilkes, his former headmaster's son recalled, "...he was extremely argumentative—about anything—and criticising the masters and criticising the other boys.... We enjoyed arguing with him. He would generally win the arguments—or think he had anyhow."[102] Roger Mynors concurs: "Endless arguments about all sorts of things, in which he was one of the great leaders. He was one of those boys who thought for himself...."[103]
Blair liked to carry out practical jokes. Buddicom recalls him swinging from the luggage rack in a railway carriage like an orangutan to frighten a woman passenger out of the compartment.[14] At Eton he played tricks on John Crace, his Master in College, among which was to enter a spoof advertisement in a College magazine implying pederasty.[104] Gow, his tutor, said he "made himself as big a nuisance as he could" and "was a very unattractive boy".[105] Later Blair was expelled from the crammer at Southwold for sending a dead rat as a birthday present to the town surveyor.[106] In one of his As I Please essays he refers to a protracted joke when he answered an advertisement for a woman who claimed a cure for obesity.[107]
Blair had an enduring interest in natural history which stemmed from his childhood. In letters from school he wrote about caterpillars and butterflies,[108] and Buddicom recalls his keen interest in ornithology. He also enjoyed fishing and shooting rabbits, and conducting experiments as in cooking a hedgehog[14] or shooting down a jackdaw from the Eton roof to dissect it.[103] His zeal for scientific experiments extended to explosives—again Buddicom recalls a cook giving notice because of the noise. Later in Southwold his sister Avril recalled him blowing up the garden. When teaching he enthused his students with his nature-rambles both at Southwold[109] and Hayes.[110] His adult diaries are permeated with his observations on nature.
Relationships[link]
Buddicom and Blair lost touch shortly after he went to Burma, and she became unsympathetic towards him. She wrote that it was because of the letters he wrote complaining about his life, but an addendum to Eric & Us by Venables reveals that he may have lost sympathy through an incident which was at best a clumsy seduction.[14]
Mabel Fierz, who later became his confidante, said "He used to say the one thing he wished in this world was that he'd been attractive to women. He liked women and had many girlfriends I think in Burma. He had a girl in Southwold and another girl in London. He was rather a womaniser, yet he was afraid he wasn't attractive."[23]
Brenda Salkield (Southwold) preferred friendship to any deeper relationship and maintained a correspondence with Blair for many years, particularly as a sounding board for his ideas. She wrote "He was a great letter writer. Endless letters, And I mean when he wrote you a letter he wrote pages."[23] His correspondence with Eleanor Jacques (London) was more prosaic, dwelling on a closer relationship and referring to past rendezvous or planning future ones in London and Burnham Beeches.[111]
When Orwell was in the sanatorium in Kent his wife's friend Lydia Jackson visited. He invited her for a walk and out of sight "an awkward situation arose."[112] Jackson was to be the most critical of Orwell's marriage to Eileen O'Shaughnessy but their later correspondence hints a complicity. Eileen at the time was more concerned about Orwell's closeness to Brenda Salkield. Orwell was to have an affair with his secretary at Tribune which caused Eileen much distress, and others have been mooted. In a letter to Ann Popham he wrote: 'I was sometimes unfaithful to Eileen, and I also treated her badly, and I think she treated me badly, too, at times, but it was a real marriage, in the sense that we had been through awful struggles together and she understood all about my work, etc.',[113] Similarly he suggested to Celia Kirwan that they had both been unfaithful.[114] There are several testaments that it was a well-matched and happy marriage[115][116][117]
Orwell was very lonely after Eileen's death, and desperate for a wife, both as companion for himself and as mother for Richard. He proposed marriage to four women, and eventually Sonia Brownell accepted.
Religious views[link]
Orwell was a communicant member of the Church of England, he attended holy communion regularly,[118] and allusions to Anglican life are made in his book A Clergyman's Daughter. At the same time he found the church to be a "selfish...church of the landed gentry" with its establishment "out of touch" with the majority of its communicants and altogether a pernicious influence on public life.[119] Moreover, Orwell expressed some skepticism about religion: "It seems rather mean to go to HC [Holy Communion] when one doesn't believe, but I have passed myself off for pious & there is nothing for it but to keep up with the deception."[120] Yet, he was married according to the rites of the Church of England in both his first marriage at the church at Wallington, and in his second marriage on his deathbed in University College Hospital, and he left instructions that he was to receive an Anglican funeral.[121] In their 1972 study, The Unknown Orwell, the writers Peter Stansky and William Abrahams note that at Eton Blair displayed a "sceptical attitude" to Christian belief, and that: "Shaw's preface to his recently published Androcles and the Lion in which an account of the gospels is set forth, very different in tone from what one would be likely to hear from an Anglican clergyman" was "much more to Blair's own taste."[122] Crick observed that Orwell displayed "a pronounced anti-Catholicism".[123]
The ambiguity in his belief in religion mirrored the dichotomies between his public and private lives: Stephen Ingle wrote that it was as if the writer George Orwell "vaunted" his atheism while Eric Blair the individual retained "a deeply ingrained religiosity". Ingle later noted that Orwell did not accept the existence of an afterlife, believing in the finality of death while living and advocating a moral code based on Judeo-Christian beliefs.[79][124]
Political views[link]
Orwell liked to provoke argument by challenging the status quo, but he was also a traditionalist with a love of old English values. He criticised and satirised, from the inside, the various social milieus in which he found himself – provincial town life in A Clergyman's Daughter; middle-class pretention in Keep the Aspidistra Flying; preparatory schools in Such Such were the Joys; colonialism in Burmese Days, and some socialist groups in The Road to Wigan Pier. In his Adelphi days he described himself as a "Tory-anarchist".[125][126]
In 1928, Orwell began his career as a professional writer in Paris. His first article, Censorship in England, was an attempt to account for the 'extraordinary and illogical' suppression of plays and novels on the grounds of public decency, then practised in Britain. His own explanation was that the rise of the 'puritan middle class', who had stricter morals than the aristocracy, tightened the rules of censorship in the 19th century. Orwell's first article to be published in his home country, A Farthing Newspaper, was a critique of the new French daily, the Ami de Peuple. This paper was sold much more cheaply than most others, and was intended for ordinary people to read. However, Orwell pointed out that its proprietor François Coty also owned the right-wing dailies Le Figaro and Le Gaulois, which the Ami de Peuple was supposedly competing against. Orwell suggested that cheap newspapers were no more than a vehicle for advertising and anti-leftist propaganda, and predicted that like India, France might soon see 'free newspapers' which would drive many legitimate dailies out of business.[127]
The Spanish Civil War played the most important part in defining Orwell's socialism. He wrote to Cyril Connolly from Barcelona on 8 June 1937: "I have seen wonderful things and at last really believe in Socialism, which I never did before".[128][129] Having witnessed the success of the anarcho-syndicalist communities, for example in Anarchist Catalonia, and the subsequent brutal suppression of the anarcho-syndicalists, anti-Stalin communist parties and revolutionaries by the Soviet Union-backed Communists, Orwell returned from Catalonia a staunch anti-Stalinist and joined the Independent Labour Party, his card being issued on 13 June 1938.[108] Although he was never a Trotskyist, he was strongly influenced by the Trotskyist and anarchist critiques of the Soviet regime, and by the anarchists' emphasis on individual freedom. In Part 2 of The Road to Wigan Pier, published by the Left Book Club, Orwell stated: "a real Socialist is one who wishes – not merely conceives it as desirable, but actively wishes – to see tyranny overthrown". Orwell stated in "Why I Write" (1946): "Every line of serious work that I have written since 1936 has been written, directly or indirectly, against totalitarianism and for democratic socialism, as I understand it."[130] Orwell was a proponent of a federal socialist Europe, a position outlined in his 1947 essay "Toward European Unity", which first appeared in Partisan Review. According to biographer John Newsinger,
the other crucial dimension to Orwell's socialism was his recognition that the Soviet Union was not socialist. Unlike many on the left, instead of abandoning socialism once he discovered the full horror of Stalinist rule in the Soviet Union, Orwell abandoned the Soviet Union and instead remained a socialist—indeed he became more committed to the socialist cause than ever."[57]
In his 1938 essay "Why I joined the Independent Labour Party", published in the ILP-affiliated New Leader, Orwell wrote:
For some years past I have managed to make the capitalist class pay me several pounds a week for writing books against capitalism. But I do not delude myself that this state of affairs is going to last forever ... the only régime which, in the long run, will dare to permit freedom of speech is a Socialist régime. If Fascism triumphs I am finished as a writer – that is to say, finished in my only effective capacity. That of itself would be a sufficient reason for joining a Socialist party.[131]
Towards the end of the essay, he wrote: "I do not mean I have lost all faith in the Labour Party. My most earnest hope is that the Labour Party will win a clear majority in the next General Election."[132]
Orwell was opposed to rearmament against Nazi Germany—but he changed his view after the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and the outbreak of the war. He left the ILP because of its opposition to the war and adopted a political position of "revolutionary patriotism". In December 1940 he wrote in Tribune (the Labour left's weekly): "We are in a strange period of history in which a revolutionary has to be a patriot and a patriot has to be a revolutionary." During the war, Orwell was highly critical of the popular idea that an Anglo-Soviet alliance would be the basis of a post-war world of peace and prosperity. In 1942, commenting on journalist E. H. Carr's pro-Soviet views, Orwell stated: "all the appeasers, e.g. Professor E. H. Carr, have switched their allegiance from Hitler to Stalin."[133]
On anarchism, Orwell wrote in The Road to Wigan Pier: "I worked out an anarchistic theory that all government is evil, that the punishment always does more harm than the crime and the people can be trusted to behave decently if you will only let them alone." He continued however and argued that "it is always necessary to protect peaceful people from violence. In any state of society where crime can be profitable you have got to have a harsh criminal law and administer it ruthlessly."
In his reply (dated 15 November 1943) to an invitation from the Duchess of Atholl to speak for the British League for European Freedom, he stated that he didn't agree with their objectives. He admitted that what they said was "more truthful than the lying propaganda found in most of the press" but added that he could not "associate himself with an essentially Conservative body" that claimed to "defend democracy in Europe" but had "nothing to say about British imperialism". His closing paragraph stated: "I belong to the Left and must work inside it, much as I hate Russian totalitarianism and its poisonous influence in this country."[134]
Orwell joined the staff of Tribune as literary editor, and from then until his death, was a left-wing (though hardly orthodox) Labour-supporting democratic socialist.[135] On 1 September 1944, about the Warsaw Uprising, Orwell expressed in Tribune his hostility against the influence of the alliance with the USSR over the allies: "Do remember that dishonesty and cowardice always have to be paid for. Do not imagine that for years on end you can make yourself the boot-licking propagandist of the sovietic regime, or any other regime, and then suddenly return to honesty and reason. Once a whore, always a whore." According to Newsinger, although Orwell "was always critical of the 1945–51 Labour government's moderation, his support for it began to pull him to the right politically. This did not lead him to embrace conservatism, imperialism or reaction, but to defend, albeit critically, Labour reformism."[136] Between 1945 and 1947, with A. J. Ayer and Bertrand Russell, he contributed a series of articles and essays to Polemic, a short-lived British "Magazine of Philosophy, Psychology, and Aesthetics" edited by the ex-Communist Humphrey Slater.[137][138]
Writing in the spring of 1945 a long essay titled "Antisemitism in Britain", for the Contemporary Jewish Record, Orwell stated that anti-Semitism was on the increase in Britain, and that it was "irrational and will not yield to arguments". He argued that it would be useful to discover why anti-Semites could "swallow such absurdities on one particular subject while remaining sane on others".[139] He wrote: "For quite six years the English admirers of Hitler contrived not to learn of the existence of Dachau and Buchenwald. ... Many English people have heard almost nothing about the extermination of German and Polish Jews during the present war. Their own anti-Semitism has caused this vast crime to bounce off their consciousness."[140] In Nineteen Eighty-Four, written shortly after the war, Orwell portrayed the Party as enlisting anti-Semitic passions against their enemy, Goldstein.
Orwell publicly defended P.G. Wodehouse against charges of being a Nazi sympathiser, a defence based on Wodehouse's lack of interest in and ignorance of politics.
The British intelligence group Special Branch maintained a file on Orwell for more than 20 years of his life. The dossier, published by The National Archives, mentions that according to one investigator, Orwell had "advanced Communist views and several of his Indian friends say that they have often seen him at Communist meetings". MI5, the intelligence department of the Home Office, noted: "It is evident from his recent writings – 'The Lion and the Unicorn' – and his contribution to Gollancz's symposium The Betrayal of the Left that he does not hold with the Communist Party nor they with him."[141]
Social interactions[link]
Orwell was noted for very close and enduring friendships with a few friends, but these were generally people with a similar background or with a similar level of literary ability. Ungregarious, he was out of place in a crowd and his discomfort was exacerbated when he was outside his own class. Though representing himself as a spokesman for the common man, he often appeared out of place with real working people. His brother-in-law Humphrey Dakin, a "Hail fellow, well met" type, who took him to a local pub in Leeds, said that he was told by the landlord: "Don't bring that bugger in here again".[142] Adrian Fierz commented "He wasn't interested in racing or greyhounds or pub crawling or shove ha'penny. He just did not have much in common with people who did not share his intellectual interests".[143] Awkwardness attended many of his encounters with working-class representatives, as with Pollitt and McNair.[144] but his courtesy and good manners were often commented on. Jack Common observed on meeting him for the first time, "Right away manners, and more than manners—breeding—showed through".[145]
In his tramping days, he did domestic work for a time. His extreme politeness was recalled by a member of the family he worked for; she declared that the family referred to him as "Laurel" after the film comedian.[39] With his gangling figure and awkwardness, Orwell's friends often saw him as a figure of fun. Geoffrey Gorer commented "He was awfully likely to knock things off tables, trip over things. I mean, he was a gangling, physically badly co-ordinated young man. I think his feelings that even the inanimate world was against him..."[146] When he shared a flat with Heppenstall and Sayer, he was treated in a patronising manner by the younger men.[147] At the BBC, in the 1940s, "everybody would pull his leg",[148] and Spender described him as having real entertainment value "like, as I say, watching a Charlie Chaplin movie".[149] A friend of Eileen's reminisced about her tolerance and humour, often at Orwell's expense.[116]
One biography of Orwell accused him of having had an authoritarian streak.[150] In Burma, he struck out at a Burmese boy who while "fooling around" with his friends had "accidentally bumped into him" at a station, with the result that Orwell "fell heavily" down some stairs.[151] One of his former pupils recalled being beaten so hard he could not sit down for a week.[152] When sharing a flat with Orwell, Heppenstall came home late one night in an advanced stage of loud inebriation. The upshot was that Heppenstall ended up with a bloody nose and was locked in a room. When he complained, Orwell hit him a crack across the legs with a shooting stick and Heppenstall then had to defend himself with a chair. Years later, after Orwell's death, Heppenstall wrote a dramatic account of the incident called "The Shooting Stick"[153] and Mabel Fierz confirmed that Heppenstall came to her in a sorry state the following day.[154]
However, Orwell got on well with young people. The pupil he beat considered him the best of teachers, and the young recruits in Barcelona tried to drink him under the table—though without success. His nephew recalled Uncle Eric laughing louder than anyone in the cinema at a Charlie Chaplin film.[115]
In the wake of his most famous works, he attracted many uncritical hangers-on, but many others who sought him found him aloof and even dull. With his soft voice, he was sometimes shouted down or excluded from discussions.[155] At this time, he was severely ill; it was wartime or the austerity period after it; during the war his wife suffered from depression; and after her death he was lonely and unhappy. In addition to that, he always lived frugally and seemed unable to care for himself properly. As a result of all this, people found his circumstances bleak.[156] Some, like Michael Ayrton, called him "Gloomy George", but others developed the idea that he was a "secular saint".
Lifestyle[link]
Orwell was a heavy smoker, rolling his own cigarettes from strong shag tobacco, in spite of his bronchial condition. He undermined his health with a penchant for the rugged life which often put him in cold and damp situations both in the long term as in Catalonia and Jura, and short term, for example in motorcycling in the rain and a shipwreck of his own creation. His love of strong tea was legendary—he had Fortnum & Mason's tea brought to him in Catalonia[9] and in 1946 published "A Nice Cup of Tea" on how to make it. He appreciated English beer, taken regularly and moderately, despised drinkers of lager[157] and wrote about an imagined, ideal pub in his 1946 newspaper article "The Moon Under Water".[158] Not being particular about food, he enjoyed the wartime "Victory Pie"[159] extolled canteen food at the BBC[148] and once ate the cat's dinner by mistake.[160] However he preferred traditional English dishes such as roast beef and kippers[161] and reports of his Islington days refer to the cosy afternoon tea table.
His dress sense was unpredictable and usually casual.[162] In Southwold he had the best cloth from the local tailor,[163] but was equally happy in his tramping outfit. His attire in the Spanish Civil War, along with his size 12 boots was a source of amusement.[164][165] David Astor described him as looking like a prep school master,[166] while according to the Special Branch dossier, Orwell's tendency of clothing himself "in Bohemian fashion" revealed that the author was "a Communist".[167]
Orwell's confusing approach to matters of social decorum—on the one hand expecting a working class guest to dress for dinner,[168] and on the other hand slurping tea out of a saucer at the BBC canteen[169]—helped stoke his reputation as an English eccentric.
Biographies[link]
File:Malcolm muggeridge.jpg
Orwell's widow commissioned journalist Malcolm Muggeridge to write a biography of her husband in spite of his wishes that none be produced. The book was never written.
Orwell's will requested that no biography of him be written, and his wife Sonia Brownell repelled every attempt by those who tried to persuade her to let them write about him. Various recollections and interpretations were published in the 1950s and 1960s but Sonia saw the 1968 Collected Works[107] as the record of his life. She did appoint Malcolm Muggeridge as official biographer, but later biographers have seen this as deliberate spoiling as Muggeridge eventually gave up the work.[61] In 1973 American authors Stansky and Williams[170] produced an unauthorised account of his early years which inevitably lacked Sonia Brownell's input. She then commissioned Bernard Crick, a left-wing professor of politics at the University of London to complete a biography and asked all Orwell's friends to co-operate.[171] Crick collated a considerable amount of material in his work which was published in 1980,[108] but his questioning of the literal truth of Orwell's first-person writings led to conflict with Sonia who tried unsuccessfully to suppress the book. Crick concentrated on the facts of Orwell's life rather than his character, and as a professor of politics presented primarily a political perspective on Orwell's life and work.[172]
After Sonia Brownell's death many more works were produced in the 1980s with 1984 being a particularly fruitful year for Orwelliana. These included collections of reminiscences by Coppard and Crick[106] and Stephen Wadhams.[23]
In 1991 a biography was produced by Michael Shelden, an American Professor of Literature.[27] Shelden was more concerned with the literary nature of Orwell’s work, seeking explanations for Orwell's character and treating his first person writings as autobiographical. Shelden introduced several new pieces of information correcting some of the errors and omissions in Crick's earlier work.[173] Shelden attributed to Orwell an obsessive belief in his failure and inadequacy.
Peter Davison's production of the Complete Works of George Orwell, completed in 2000[174] put most of the Orwell Archive in the public domain. Jeffrey Meyers, a prolific American biographer, was first to take advantage of this and produced a work[175] that was more willing to investigate the darker side of Orwell and question the saintly image.[173] Why Orwell Matters was published by Christopher Hitchens in 2002.
In 2003, the centenary of Orwell's birth resulted in the two most up-to-date biographies by Gordon Bowker[176] and D. J. Taylor, both academics and writers in the United Kingdom. Taylor notes the stage management which surrounds much of Orwell's behaviour,[9] and Bowker highlights the essential sense of decency which he considers to have been Orwell's main driver.[177][178]
Bibliography[link]
Main article: George Orwell bibliography
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Wikisource has original text related to this article: |
- Novels
- 1934 – Burmese Days
- 1935 – A Clergyman's Daughter
- 1936 – Keep the Aspidistra Flying
- 1939 – Coming Up for Air
- 1945 – Animal Farm
- 1949 – Nineteen Eighty-Four
- Books based on personal experiences
While the substance of many of Orwell's novels, particularly Burmese Days, is drawn from his personal experiences, the following are works presented as narrative documentaries, rather than being fictionalised.
- 1933 – Down and Out in Paris and London
- 1937 – The Road to Wigan Pier
- 1938 – Homage to Catalonia
Notes[link]
- ^ "George Orwell". UCL Orwell Archives. http://www.ucl.ac.uk/Library/special-coll/orwell.shtml. Retrieved 7 November 2008.
- ^ "Why I Write" in The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell Volume 1 – An Age Like This 1945–1950 p.23 (Penguin)
- ^ Orwell, George (1968) [1958]. Bott, George. ed. Selected Writings. London: Heinemann. p. 103. ISBN 0-435-13675-5. "Every line of serious work that I have written since 1936 has been written, directly or indirectly, against totalitarianism and for democratic socialism, as I understand it. [italics from printed source]"
- ^ "Still the Moon Under Water". The Economist (London). 28 July 2009 (Article available to paid subscribers only.). http://www.economist.com/displayStory.cfm?source=hptextfeature&story_id=11826680.
- ^ Rodden, John, ed. (2007). The Cambridge companion to George Orwell. Cambridge University Press. p. 10. ISBN 0-521-67507-3.
- ^ "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945". Times online (The Times). 5 January 2008. http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article3127837.ece. Retrieved 31 January 2012.
- ^ Crick, Bernard (2004). "Eric Arthur Blair [pseud. George Orwell] (1903–1950)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford, England, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
- ^ a b Stansky, Peter; Abrahams, William (1994). "From Bengal to St Cyprian's". The unknown Orwell: Orwell, the transformation. Stanford, California, United States: Stanford University Press. pp. 5–12. ISBN 978-0-8047-2342-8.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Taylor, D. J. (2003), Orwell: The Life, Henry Holt and Company, ISBN 0-8050-7473-2
- ^ Orwell, George (February 1937), "8", The Road to Wigan Pier, Left Book Club, p. 1
- ^ Crick, Bernard (1980), George Orwell: A Life, Secker & Warburg
- ^ Stansky and Abrahams had suggested that Mrs Blair moved to England in 1907 based on information given by Avril Blair reminiscing of a time before she was born. The evidence to the contrary is the diary of Ida Blair for 1905 and a photograph of Eric aged three in an English suburban garden. The earlier date also coincides with a difficult posting for Blair senior, and Marjorie (then six years old) needing an English education.
- ^ A Kind of Compulsion 1903–36, xviii
- ^ a b c d e Buddicom, Jacintha (1974), Eric and Us, Frewin, ISBN 0-85632-076-5
- ^ Bowker, Gordon, George Orwell, p. 21
- ^ Bowker, Gordon, George Orwell, p. 28
- ^ "Royal Eastbourne Golf Club – Hambro Bowl". Regc.unospace.net. http://www.regc.unospace.net/members/handicaps_competitions/rolls_of_honour/men_5/hambro_bowl_3. Retrieved 21 October 2010.
- ^ Bowker,p.30
- ^ Jacob, Alaric (1984), "Sharing Orwell's Joys, but not his Fears", in Norris, Christopher, Inside the Myth, Lawrence and Wishart
- ^ Henley and South Oxfordshire Standard, 2 October 1914
- ^ Henley and South Oxfordshire Standard, 21 July 1916
- ^ Eric and Us, 58 , Jacintha Buddicom
- ^ a b c d e f Wadhams, Stephen (1984), Remembering Orwell, Penguin
- ^ a b c Connolly, Cyril (1973) [1938]. Enemies of Promise. London: Deutsch. ISBN 978-0-233-96488-1.
- ^ A Kind of Compulsion, p.87, gives Blair as 7th of 29 successful candidates, and 21st of the 23 successful candidates who passed the Indian Imperial Police riding test, in September 1922.
- ^ Stansky & Abrahams, The Unknown Orwell, p.170-171
- ^ a b Michael Shelden Orwell: The Authorised Biography William Heinemann 1991
- ^ A Kind of Compulsion, 1903–36, p.87
- ^ Emma Larkin, Introduction, Burmese Days, Penguin Classics edition, 2009
- ^ Bernard Crick George Orwell: A Life, quote from interview with Gow
- ^ Stansky & Abrahams, The Unknown Orwell, p.195
- ^ Ruth Pitter BBC Overseas Service broadcast, 3 January 1956
- ^ Plaque #2825 on Open Plaques.
- ^ Stansky & Abrahams, The Unknown Orwell, p.204
- ^ A Kind of Compulsion (1903–36), p.113
- ^ Stansky & Abrahams, The Unknown Orwell, p. 216
- ^ R. S. Peters A Boy's View of George Orwell Psychology and Ethical Development Allen & Unwin 1974
- ^ Stansky & Abrahams, p.230 The Unknown Orwell
- ^ a b Stella Judt I once met George Orwell in I once Met 1996
- ^ Bernard Crick Interview with Geoffrey Stevens in George Orwell: A Life
- ^ Avril Dunn My Brother George Orwell Twentieth Century 1961
- ^ Voorhees (1986: 11)
- ^ Leys, Simon (6 May 2011). "The Intimate Orwell". The New York Review of Books. http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2011/may/26/intimate-orwell/?pagination=false. Retrieved 6 May 2011.
- ^ Orwell, Sonia and Angus, Ian (eds.)Orwell: An Age Like This, letters 31 and 33 (New York: Harcourt, Brace & World)
- ^ Stansky & Abrahams, Orwell:The Transformation p 100-101
- ^ A Kind of Compulsion, p.392
- ^ The conventional view that this was a specific commission with a £500 advance is based on a recollection by Geoffrey Gorer. However Taylor argues that Orwell's subsequent circumstances showed no indication of such largesse, Gollancz was not a person to part with such a sum on speculation, and Gollancz took little proprietorial interest in progress—D. J. Taylor Orwell: The Life Chatto & Windus 2003
- ^ A Kind of Compulsion, p.457
- ^ A Kind of Compulsion,p.450. The Road to Wigan Pier Diary
- ^ A Kind of Compulsion, p.468
- ^ "Freedom of Information, National Archives" http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/releases/2005/highlights_july/july19/default.htm)
- ^ "Notes on the Spanish Militias" in Orwell in Spain, p.278
- ^ John McNair—Interview with Ian Angus UCL 1964
- ^ Letter to Eileen Blair April 1937 in The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell Volume 1 – An Age Like This 1945–1950 p.296 (Penguin)
- ^ Bowker, p.216
- ^ "The accusation of espionage against the P.O.U.M. rested solely upon articles in the Communist press and the activities of the Communist-controlled secret police." Homage to Catalonia p.168. Penguin, 1980
- ^ a b "Newsinger, John "Orwell and the Spanish Revolution" ''International Socialism Journal'' Issue 62 Spring 1994". Pubs.socialistreviewindex.org.uk. http://pubs.socialistreviewindex.org.uk/isj62/newsinger.htm. Retrieved 21 October 2010.
- ^ Bowker, quoting Orwell in Homage To Catalonia, p.219
- ^ Harry Milton – The Man Who Saved Orwell, Hoover Institution, http://www.hoover.org/publications/digest/3475881.html, retrieved 23 December 2008
- ^ Gordon Bowker, Orwell, p.218 ISBN 978-0-349-11551-1
- ^ a b The author states that evidence discovered at the National Historical Archives in Madrid in 1989 of a security police report to the Tribunal for Espionage and High Treason described 'Eric Blair and his wife Eileen Blair, as 'known Trotskyists' and as 'linking agents of the ILP and the POUM'. Newsinger goes on to state that given Orwell's precarious health, "there can be little doubt that if he had been arrested he would have died in prison."
- ^ Facing Unpleasant Facts, p.xxix, Secker & Warburg, 2000
- ^ Facing Unpleasant Facts, p.31, 224
- ^ "Gordon Bowker: Orwell's London". theorwellprize.co.uk. http://theorwellprize.co.uk/george-orwell/about-orwell/gordon-bowker-orwells-london. Retrieved 2 February 2011.
- ^ "Another piece of the puzzle – Charles' George Orwell Links". Netcharles.com. http://www.netcharles.com/orwell/articles/col-piece-of-puzzle.htm. Retrieved 21 October 2010.
- ^ "George Orwell Biography". Paralumun.com. http://www.paralumun.com/bioorwell.htm. Retrieved 21 October 2010.
- ^ "THE ORWELL PRIZE". Orwelldiaries.wordpress.com. 16 August 2010. http://orwelldiaries.wordpress.com/2010/08/16/16-8-40/. Retrieved 21 October 2010.
- ^ The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell Volume 2 – My Country Right or Left 1940–1943 p40 (Penguin)
- ^ Muggeridge, Malcolm (1962), Burmese Days (Introduction), Time Inc., http://orwell.ru/library/novels/Burmese_Days/english/e_mm_int Muggeridge recalls that he asked Orwell if such broadcasts were useful, "'Perhaps not', he said, somewhat crestfallen. He added, more cheerfully, that anyway, no one could pick up the broadcasts except on short-wave sets which cost about the equivalent of an Indian labourer's earnings over 10 years."
- ^ Orwell, G.; Davison, P. (1999). I Have Tried to Tell the Truth. London: Secker & Warburg. ISBN 978-0-436-20370-1. http://books.google.com/books?id=yRHBGAAACAAJ&dq=isbn:0436205521&ei=lD2hSaj0CYLeyAS79p20Dg&hl=es.
- ^ a b Garton Ash, Timothy (25 September 2003). "Orwell's List". The New York Review of Books.
- ^ Caute, David (2009). Politics and the Novel during the Cold War. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. p. 79. ISBN 1-4128-1161-9.
- ^ "He had led a quiet life as Richard Blair, not ‘Richard Orwell’": Shelden (1991: 398; 489)
- ^ "The Orwell Prize | Life and Work—Exclusive Access to the Orwell Archive". Archived from the original on 10 December 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071210180526/http://www.theorwellprize.co.uk/life-and-work.aspx. Retrieved 23 December 2008.
- ^ Barnhill, http://www.orwelltoday.com/jurabarnhillvisit.shtml is located at 56°06′39″N 5°41′30″W / 56.11083°N 5.69167°W / 56.11083; -5.69167 (British national grid reference system NR705970)
- ^ David Holbrook in Stephen Wadham's Remembering Orwell Penguin Books 1984
- ^ a b c d e Tim Carroll A writer wronged The Sunday Times 15 August 2004
- ^ Ezard, John (21 June 2003). "Blair's babe: Did love turn Orwell into a government stooge?". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2003/jun/21/books.artsandhumanities.
- ^ a b Ingle, Stephen (1993). George Orwell: a political life. Manchester, England: Manchester University Press. p. 90. ISBN 0-7190-3233-4.
- ^ "George Orwell, Author, 46, Dead. British Writer, Acclaimed for His '1984' and 'Animal Farm,' is Victim of Tuberculosis. Two Novels Popular Here Distaste for Imperialism". The New York Times. 22 January 1950.
- ^ Andrew Anthony, 'Review: George Orwell's Books', The Observer, 11 May 2003, Observer Review Pages, Pg. 1.
- ^ Howe, Irving (January 1969; reprinted in Newsweek), George Orwell: "As the bones know", Harper's Magazine . Howe considered Orwell "the finest journalist of his day and the foremost architect of the English essay since Hazlitt".
- ^ Letter to Gleb Struve, 17 February 1944, Orwell: Essays, Journalism and Letters Vol 3, ed Sonia Brownell and Ian Angus
- ^ "Malcolm Muggeridge: Introduction". http://orwell.ru/library/novels/Burmese_Days/english/e_mm_int. Retrieved 23 December 2008.
- ^ "Does Orwell Matter?". http://www.hoover.org/multimedia/uk/2939606.html. Retrieved 23 December 2008.
- ^ "George Orwell: Rudyard Kipling". http://orwell.ru/library/reviews/kipling/english/e_rkip. Retrieved 23 December 2008.
- ^ George Woodcock Introduction to Stephen Wadhams Remembering Orwell Penguin 1984
- ^ Orwell Today, http://www.orwelltoday.com/orwellpersona.shtml
- ^ a b c d e "Orwell’s Century" Think Tank with Ben Wattenberg. PBS
- ^ Brendon, Piers (7 June 2003), "The saint of common decency", The Guardian (UK), http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2003/jun/07/biography.georgeorwell
- ^ Raymond Williams Politics and Letters 1979
- ^ Christopher Norris Language, Truth and Ideology:Orwell and the Post War Left in Inside the Myth:Orwell views from the Left Lawrence and Whishart 1984
- ^ Rodden, John (2002). George Orwell: the politics of literary reputation. Edison, NJ: Transaction. pp. 394–395. ISBN 978-0-7658-0896-7.
- ^ Alan Brown Examining Orwell: Political and Literary Values in Education in Christopher Norris Inside the Myth Orwell:Views from the Left Lawrence and Wishart 1984
- ^ Hitchens, Christopher, Editorial review of Orwell's Victory, http://www.amazon.com/dp/0141005351
- ^ T R Fyvel A Writer's Life World Review June 1950
- ^ T. R. Fyvel, A Case for George Orwell?, Twentieth Century, September 1956, pp.257–8
- ^ Orwell, George (April 1946). "Politics and the English Language". mtholyoke.edu. Horizon. http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/orwell46.htm. Retrieved 15 July2010.
- ^ Rubin, Andrew N. "The Rhetoric of Perpetual War". http://outsidethewhale.com/2011/10/04/70/. Retrieved 11 October 2011.
- ^ Orwell, George (19 October 1945). "You and the Atom Bomb". Tribune. http://orwell.ru/library/articles/ABomb/english/e_abomb.html. Retrieved 15 July 2010.
- ^ Jacintha Buddicom Eric & Us Frewin 1974.
- ^ John Wilkes in Stephen Wadhams Remembering Orwell" Penguin Books 1984.
- ^ a b Roger Mynors in Stephen Wadhams Remembering Orwell Penguin Books 1984.
- ^ Hollis, Christopher (1956). A study of George Orwell: The man and his works. London: Hollis & Carter. OCLC 2742921.
- ^ Interview with Bernard Crick in George Orwell: A life
- ^ a b Audrey Coppard and Bernard Crick Orwell Remembered 1984
- ^ a b Orwell, George; Angus, Ian; Orwell, Sonia (1969). The collected essays, journalism and letters of George Orwell. London: Secker & Warburg. ISBN 978-0-436-35015-3.
- ^ a b c Crick, Bernard (1980). George Orwell: A Life. London: Secker & Warburg. ISBN 978-0-436-11450-2.
- ^ R. S. Peters A Boy's View of George Orwell in Psychology and Ethical Development Allen & Unwin 1974
- ^ Geoffrey Stevens in Stephen Wadhams Remembering Orwell Penguin 1984
- ^ Correspondence in Collected Essays Journalism and Letters, Secker & Warburg 1968
- ^ Peter Davison ed. George Orwell: Complete Works XI 336
- ^ George Orwell: A Life, Bernard Crick, p.480
- ^ Celia Goodman interview with Shelden June 1989 in Michael Shelden Orwell:The Authorised Biography
- ^ a b Henry Dakin in Stephen Wadhams Remembering Orwell
- ^ a b Patrica Donahue in Stephen Wadhams Remembering Orwell
- ^ Michael Meyer Not Prince Hamlet: Literary and Theatrcal Memoirs 1989
- ^ Thomas Cushman and John Rodden eds., George Orwell: Into the Twenty-first Century (2004), p. 98
- ^ Voorhees, Richard A. (1986). The paradox of George Orwell. West Lafayette, Ind: Purdue University Press. pp. 18–19. ISBN 0-911198-80-6.
- ^ “Letter to Eleanor Jaques, 19 Oct., 1932” in The Collected Essays, Journalism, and Letters of George Orwell: An Age Like This, ed. Sonia Orwell and Ian Angus. Harcourt, Brace & World Inc. New York, 1968. p. 102
- ^ Why Orwell Matters (2003), p. 123
- ^ Stansky & Abrahams,The Unknown Orwell, p105
- ^ Crick, p.229
- ^ Ingle, Stephen (2006). The social and political thought of George Orwell: a reassessment. Abingdon, England: Routledge. p. 17. ISBN 0-415-35735-7.
- ^ Richard Rees, Orwell: Fugitive from the Camp of Victory, Secker & Warburg 1961
- ^ Rayner Heppenstall, Four Absentees, Barrie and Rockcliff 1960
- ^ P Davison A Kind of Compulsion Secker & Warburg. London, 2000 pp. 117–121
- ^ Cyril Connolly George Orwell 3 in The Evening Colonnade David Bruce and Watson 1973
- ^ The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell Volume 1 – An Age Like This 1945–1950 p.301 (Penguin)
- ^ "Why I Write" in The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell Volume 1 – An Age Like This 1945–1950 p.23 (Penguin)
- ^ The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell Volume 1 – An Age Like This 1945–1950 p.373 (Penguin)
- ^ "Why I Write" in The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell Volume 1 – An Age Like This 1945–1950 p.374 (Penguin)
- ^ Collini, Stefan (5 March 2008). "E. H. Carr: historian of the future". Times. UK. http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/the_tls/article3490032.ece. Retrieved 9 November 2008.
- ^ Orwell, Sonia and Angus, Ian (eds.). The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell Volume 4: In Front of Your Nose (1945–1950) (Penguin)
- ^ Woodcock, George (1967). The crystal spirit: a study of George Orwell. London: Jonathan Cape. p. 247. ISBN 0-947795-05-7.
- ^ "John Newsinger in ''Socialist Review'' Issue 276 July/August 2003". Pubs.socialistreviewindex.org.uk. http://pubs.socialistreviewindex.org.uk/sr276/newsinger.htm. Retrieved 21 October 2010.
- ^ Buckman, David (13 November 1998). "Where are the Hirsts of the 1930s now?". The Independent (London).
- ^ Collini, Stefan (2006). Absent Minds: Intellectuals in Britain. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-929105-2
- ^ "Antisemitism in Britain", in As I Please: 1943–1945, pp. 332–341.
- ^ "Notes on Nationalism", 1945.
- ^ "MI5 confused by Orwell's politics". BBC News. 4 September 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/6976576.stm. Retrieved 22 November 2008.
- ^ Ian Angus Interview 23–25 April 1965 quoted in Stansky and Abrahams The Unknown George Orwell
- ^ Adrian Fierz in Stephen Wadhams Remembering Orwell
- ^ John McNair George Orwell: The Man I knew MA Thesis—Newcastle University Library 1965 quoted in Bernard Crick George Orwell: A Life
- ^ Jack Common Collection Newcastle University Library quoted in Bernard Crick George Orwell: A Life Secker & Warburg 1980
- ^ Geoffrey Gorer – recorded for Melvyn Bragg BBC Omnibus production The Road to the Left 1970
- ^ Rayner Heppenstall Four Absentees in Audrey Coppard and Bernard Crick Orwell Remembered 1984
- ^ a b Sunday Wilshin in Stephen Wadhams Remembering Orwell Penguin Books 1984
- ^ Stephen Spender in Stephen Wadhams Remembering Orwell Penguin Books 1984
- ^ "Powell's Books – Synopses and Reviews of D J Taylor ''Orwell:The Life''". Powells.com. 12 October 2010. http://www.powells.com/biblio/1-9780805076936-1. Retrieved 21 October 2010.
- ^ Maung Htin Aung George Orwell and Burma in Miriam Goss The World of George Orwell Weidenfield & Nicholson 1971
- ^ Geoffrey Stevens, Bernard Crick Interview in George Orwell: A Life Secker & Warburg 1980
- ^ Heppenstall "The Shooting Stick Twentieth Century April 1955
- ^ Mabel Fierz, Bernard Crick Interview (1973) in George Orwell: A Life Secker & Warburg 1980
- ^ Michael Meyer Not Prince Hamlet: Literary and Theatrical Memoirs Secker and Warburg 1989
- ^ T. R. Fyval George Orwell: A Personal Memoir 1982
- ^ Lettice Cooper in Stephen Wadhams Remembering Orwell Penguin Books 1984
- ^ Orwell, George (9 February 1946), The Moon Under Water, Evening Standard, http://www.theorwellprize.co.uk/the-award/works/orwellessaymoonunderwater.aspx
- ^ Julian Symonds in Stephen Wadhams Remembering Orwell Penguin Books 1984
- ^ Patricia Donahue in Stephen Wadhams Remembering Orwell Penguin Books 1984
- ^ George Orwell: A Life, Bernard Crick, p.502
- ^ George Orwell: A Life, Bernard Crick, p.504
- ^ Jack Denny in Stephen Wadhams Remembering Orwell Penguin Books 1984
- ^ Bob Edwards in Audrey Coppard and Bernard Crick Orwell Remembered 1984
- ^ Jennie Lee in Peter Davison Complete Works XI 5
- ^ David Astor Interview in Michael Shelden
- ^ "Watching Orwell—International Herald Tribune". http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/09/07/opinion/edorwell.php. Retrieved 23 December 2008.
- ^ Jack Braithwaite in Wadhams Remembering Orwell Penguin Books 1984
- ^ John Morris Some are more equal than others Penguin New Writing No. 40 1950
- ^ Peter Stansky and William Abrahams The Unknown Orwell Constable 1972
- ^ Gordon Bowker – Orwell and the biographers in John Rodden The Cambridge Companion to George Orwell Cambridge University Press 2007
- ^ "VQR » Wintry Conscience". http://www.vqronline.org/articles/1982/spring/meyers-wintry-conscience/. Retrieved 23 December 2008.
- ^ a b Gordon Bowker – Orwell and the biographers in John Rodden The Cambridge Companion to George Orwell Cambridge University Press 2007
- ^ Peter Davison The Complete Works of George Orwell Random House, ISBN 0-15-135101-5
- ^ Jeffrey Meyers Orwell: Wintry Conscience of a Generation W. W. Norton & Company, Incorporated, 2001 ISBN 0-393-32263-7
- ^ "The Orwell Prize | Gordon Bowker: The Biography Orwell Never Wrote (essay)". Archived from the original on 6 December 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20081206155331/http://www.theorwellprize.co.uk/the-award/works/gordonbowker1.aspx. Retrieved 23 December 2008.
- ^ Gordon Bowker George Orwell Little, Brown 2003
- ^ Observer review: Orwell by DJ Taylor and George Orwell by Gordon Bowker Observer on Sunday 1 June 2003
References[link]
- Anderson, Paul (ed). Orwell in Tribune: 'As I Please' and Other Writings. Methuen/Politico's 2006. ISBN 1-84275-155-7
- Bounds, Philip. Orwell and Marxism: The Political and Cultural Thinking of George Orwell. I.B. Tauris. 2009. ISBN 1-84511-807-3
- Bowker, Gordon. George Orwell. Little Brown. 2003. ISBN 0-316-86115-4
- Buddicom, Jacintha. Eric & Us. Finlay Publisher. 2006. ISBN 0-9553708-0-9
- Caute, David. Dr. Orwell and Mr. Blair, Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-297-81438-9
- Crick, Bernard. George Orwell: A Life. Penguin. 1982. ISBN 0-14-005856-7
- Flynn, Nigel. George Orwell. The Rourke Corporation, Inc. 1990. ISBN 0-86593-018-X
- Hitchens, Christopher. Why Orwell Matters. Basic Books. 2003. ISBN 0-465-03049-1
- Hollis, Christopher. A Study of George Orwell: The Man and His Works. Chicago: Henry Regnery Co. 1956.
- Larkin, Emma. Secret Histories: Finding George Orwell in a Burmese Teashop. Penguin. 2005. ISBN 1-59420-052-1
- Lee, Robert A, Orwell's Fiction. University of Notre Dame Press, 1969. LC 74-75151
- Leif, Ruth Ann, Homage to Oceania. The Prophetic Vision of George Orwell. Ohio State U.P. [1969]
- Meyers, Jeffery. Orwell: Wintry Conscience of a Generation. W.W.Norton. 2000. ISBN 0-393-32263-7
- Newsinger, John. Orwell's Politics. Macmillan. 1999. ISBN 0-333-68287-4
- Rodden, John (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to George Orwell. Cambridge. 2007. ISBN 978-0-521-67507-9
- Shelden, Michael. Orwell: The Authorized Biography. HarperCollins. 1991. ISBN 0-06-016709-2
- Smith, D. & Mosher, M. Orwell for Beginners. 1984. London: Writers and Readers Publishing Cooperative.
- Taylor, D. J. Orwell: The Life. Henry Holt and Company. 2003. ISBN 0-8050-7473-2
- West, W. J. The Larger Evils. Edinburgh: Canongate Press. 1992. ISBN 0-86241-382-6 (Nineteen Eighty-Four – The truth behind the satire.)
- West, W. J. (ed.) George Orwell: The Lost Writings. New York: Arbor House. 1984. ISBN 0-87795-745-2
- Williams, Raymond, Orwell, Fontana/Collins, 1971
- Wood, James "A Fine Rage." The New Yorker. 2009. 85(9):54.
- Woodcock, George. The Crystal Spirit. Little Brown. 1966. ISBN 1-55164-268-9
External links[link]
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- George Orwell at the Open Directory Project
- Works by or about George Orwell in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
- George Orwell at Encyclopædia Britannica
- George Orwell at the Internet Movie Database
- Works by George Orwell on Open Library at the Internet Archive
- George Orwell – Penguin Books official website for George Orwell
- George Orwell archive at the Marxists Internet Archive
- George Orwell at the Internet Book List
- The Orwell Diaries: a daily extract from Orwell's diary from the same date seventy years before
- Blair, Eric Arthur (George Orwell) (1903–1950) at the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
- George Orwell at the BBC
- Works by George Orwell (public domain in Canada)
- George Orwell articles at Byliner
- Booknotes interview with Jeffrey Meyers on Orwell: Wintry Conscience of a Generation, 11 March 2001.
- George Orwell plaques recorded on openplaques.org
- Portraits of George Orwell at the National Portrait Gallery, London
- Archival material relating to George Orwell listed at the UK National Register of Archives
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Orwell, George |
| Alternative names | Blair, Eric Arthur |
| Short description | British author and journalist |
| Date of birth | (1903-06-25)25 June 1903 |
| Place of birth | Motihari, Bihar, India |
| Date of death | 21 January 1950(1950-01-21) |
| Place of death | London, England |
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For the singer/guitarist, see Mississippi John Hurt.
| John Hurt | |
|---|---|
 Hurt at the Festival de Dinard, 2009 |
|
| Born | John Vincent Hurt (1940-01-22) 22 January 1940 (age 72) Chesterfield, Derbyshire, England, United Kingdom |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 1961–present |
| Spouse | Annette Robertson (1962–64; divorced) Donna Peacock (1984–90; divorced) Jo Dalton (1990–96; divorced; 2 children) Ann Rees Meyers (2005–present) |
John Vincent Hurt, CBE (born 22 January 1940) is an English actor and former voice actor. Among other honours, he has received two Academy Award nominations, a Golden Globe Award, and four BAFTA Awards, with the fourth being a Lifetime Achievement recognition.[1]
Hurt is known for his leading roles as Joseph Merrick (billed as John Merrick) in The Elephant Man, Winston Smith in Nineteen Eighty-Four, Mr. Braddock in The Hit, Stephen Ward in Scandal, and Quentin Crisp in The Naked Civil Servant and An Englishman in New York. Recognizable for his distinctive rich voice,[2] he has also enjoyed a successful voice acting career, starring in films such as Watership Down, The Lord of the Rings and Dogville, as well as BBC television series Merlin.
Hurt initially came to prominence for his role as Richard Rich in the 1966 film A Man for All Seasons, and has since appeared in such popular motion pictures as: Alien, Midnight Express, Rob Roy, V for Vendetta, Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, the first, penultimate, and last Harry Potter films, the Hellboy film series, and Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy. Hurt is one of England's best-known, most prolific and sought-after actors, and has had a versatile film career spanning six decades.[3] He is also known for his many Shakespearean roles.[4] His character's final scene in Alien is consistently named as one of the most memorable in cinematic history.[5][6][7][8][9][10][11]
Contents |
Early life[link]
John Hurt was born in Chesterfield, Derbyshire, when his father was vicar of Shirebrook.[12] He is the son of Phyllis (née Massey), an amateur actress and engineer, and Arnould Herbert Hurt, a mathematician who became an Anglican clergyman.[4] Hurt has an older brother, Br. Anselm (born Michael), a Roman Catholic convert, who became a monk and writer at Glenstal Abbey, to whose books his younger brother John has contributed.[13]
Hurt also has an adopted sister, Monica. His father was a vicar at St John in Sunderland, but in 1937 he moved his family to Derbyshire, where he became Perpetual Curate of Holy Trinity church. When John was five, his father became the vicar of St Stephens Church at Woodville, South Derbyshire and remained there until 1952. In 1945, John's father founded 1st Woodville (St Stephens) Scout Group which is still going strong today.[citation needed]
Hurt had a strict upbringing: the family lived opposite a cinema but he was not allowed to visit. He was also not permitted to mix with local children because in his parents' view they were "too common".[14] Hurt's mother died in 1975, and his father died in 1999 at the age of 95.
Education[link]
At the age of eight he was sent to the Anglican St Michael's Preparatory School in Otford, Kent, where he eventually developed his passion for acting. He decided he wanted to become an actor, and his first role was that of a girl in a school production The Bluebird (L'Oiseau Bleu) by Maurice Maeterlinck. While he was a pupil at the school he was abused by Donald Cormack (now deceased), then Senior Master of the school and later Head Teacher (until his retirement in 1981).[15] Hurt described how Cormack would remove his two false front teeth and put his tongue in the boys' mouths, and how he would rub their faces with his stubble. Hurt said that the experience affected him "hugely".[16]
His father moved to St Aidan's Church in Cleethorpes, Lincolnshire. Hurt (then aged 12) became a boarder at Christ's Hospital School (then a grammar school) in Lincoln, because he had failed the entrance exam for admission to his brother's school. Hurt often accompanied his mother to Cleethorpes Repertory Theatre, but his parents disliked his acting ambitions and encouraged him to become an art teacher instead. His headmaster, Mr Franklin, laughed when Hurt told him he wanted to be an actor, saying "you wouldn't stand a chance in the profession."[14]
Aged 17, Hurt enrolled in Grimsby Art School (now the East Coast School of Art & Design), where he studied art. In 1959 Hurt won a scholarship allowing him to study for an Art Teachers Diploma (ATD) at Central St. Martins College in Holborn, London. Despite the scholarship, paying for his studies was financially difficult and so he persuaded some of his friends to pose nude and sold the portraits. In 1960 he won a scholarship to RADA where he trained for two years. He was then cast in small roles on TV.[citation needed].
Career[link]
Hurt's first film was The Wild and the Willing (1962), but his first major role was as Richard Rich in A Man for All Seasons (1966). His portrayal of Quentin Crisp in the 1975 TV play The Naked Civil Servant gave prominence and earned him the British Academy Television Award for Best Actor. The following year, Hurt played the Roman emperor Caligula in the BBC drama serial, I, Claudius. In 1978, he appeared in Midnight Express, for which he won a Golden Globe, a BAFTA and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor (the latter of which he lost to Christopher Walken for his performance in The Deer Hunter). Hurt played Hazel, the heroic rabbit leader of his warren in the film adaptation of Watership Down and later played the major villain, General Woundwort, in the animated television series version.
His roles at the end of the 1970s and the beginning of the 1980s included Kane, the memorable first victim of the title creature in the film Alien (a role which he reprised as a parody in Spaceballs); would-be art school radical Scrawdyke in Little Malcolm; and "John" Merrick in the Joseph Merrick biography The Elephant Man, for which he won a BAFTA and was nominated for a Golden Globe and an Academy Award for Best Actor. He also had a starring role in Sam Peckinpah's critically panned but moderately successful final film, The Osterman Weekend (1983). Also in 1983 he starred as the Fool opposite Laurence Olivier's King in King Lear. Hurt also appeared as Raskolnikov in the BBC series Crime and Punishment in 1980.
Hurt has taken roles in famous political allegories, first playing the hero in an early production and then the tyrannical villain in a later work. For instance, he played Winston Smith in the 1984 adaptation of the novel Nineteen Eighty-Four and then assumed the role of Adam Sutler (a Big Brother-esque leader of a fascist Great Britain) in the 2006 film V for Vendetta, a film that drew many parallels to the world of Orwell's 1984.
In 1985, Hurt starred in Disney's The Black Cauldron, voicing the film's main antagonist, the Horned King. In 1986, Hurt provided the voiceover for AIDS: Iceberg / Tombstone, a public information film warning of the dangers of AIDS. In 1988 He voiced the main role in The StoryTeller, a professional capturer of imagination. He had a memorable supporting role as "Bird" O'Donnell in Jim Sheridan's 1990 film The Field, which garnered him another BAFTA nomination. In 2001, he played Mr. Ollivander, the wand-maker, in the first Harry Potter film, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone. He returned for the adaptation of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, though his scenes in that film were cut. He also returned for Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 and Part 2. In 1999, Hurt provided narration on the British musical group Art of Noise's concept album The Seduction of Claude Debussy. He was made a Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (CBE) in June 2004. During this time, he narrated a four part series on the Universe which was released on DVD in 1999. In May 2008, he appeared in Steven Spielberg's Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull as Harold Oxley.[17] He is also the voice of The Great Dragon Kilgharrah, who aids the young warlock Merlin as he protects the future king Arthur, in the BBC television series Merlin.[18]
In 2008, 33 years after The Naked Civil Servant, Hurt reprised the role of Quentin Crisp in An Englishman in New York. This film depicts Crisp's later years in New York.[19]
In June 2009, Hurt played the on-screen Big Brother for Paper Zoo Theatre Company's production of Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four. The theatre production premiered at the National Media Museum, in Bradford and will be touring during early 2010. Hurt said, "I think Paper Zoo thought it would be quite ironic to have the person who played Winston having risen in the party. From the Chestnut Tree Cafe, he's managed to get his wits together again, now understanding that 2 and 2 make 5, and becomes Big Brother. So it tickled my fancy, and of course I looked up Paper Zoo, and they seem to me to be the sort of company that’s essential in the country as we know it, and doing a lot of really good stuff."[20]
Hurt is due to appear alongside Ben Kingsley in a new feature entitle Broken Dream which will be directed by Neil Jordan in 2011.[21] At the 65th British Academy Film Awards Hurt won the award for Outstanding British Contribution to Cinema.
Personal life[link]
 |
This biographical section of an article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (February 2012) |
In 1962, Hurt's father left his parish in Cleethorpes to become headmaster of St Michael's College in the Central American country of Belize. In that same year, John Hurt first performed on the London stage and married actress Annette Robertson. The marriage ended in 1964. In 1967 he began his longest relationship, with French model Marie-Lise Volpeliere-Pierrot, sister of fashion photographer Jean-Claude Volpeliere-Pierrot. The couple had planned to get married after fifteen years, when events took a tragic turn on 26 January 1983: Hurt and Volpeliere-Pierrot went horse riding early in the morning near their house in Ascott-under-Wychwood, Oxfordshire. Volpeliere-Pierrot was thrown off her horse and suffered a tragic fall. She went into a coma and died later that day.[citation needed]
Hurt married Texan actress and old friend Donna Peacock at a local Registrar's office on 6 September 1984. The couple moved to Kenya. They divorced in early January 1990.
On 24 January 1990, Hurt married American production assistant Jo Dalton whom he had met while filming Scandal. With her he had two sons: Sasha John Vincent Hurt (born 6 February 1990) and Nick Hurt (born 5 February 1993), who are currently residing in County Waterford, Ireland. Nick has gone to acting school in England and wishes to follow in his father's footsteps. This marriage ended in 1996 and was followed with a seven year relationship with Dublin born presenter and writer Sarah Owens. The couple moved to County Wicklow where they settled close to their friends, director John Boorman and Claddagh Records founder and Guinness heir The Hon Garech de Brun. In July 2002 the couple separated. In March 2005, Hurt married his fourth wife, advertising film producer Anwen Rees Meyers.
In January 2002, Hurt received an honorary degree from the University of Derby and in January 2006 received the honorary degree of Doctor of Letters from the University of Hull.
In 2007, Hurt took part in the BBC genealogical television series Who Do You Think You Are?, which investigated part of his family history. Prior to participating in the programme, Hurt had harboured a love of Ireland and was enamoured of a 'deeply beguiling' family legend that suggested his great-grandmother had been the illegitimate daughter of Irish nobleman, the Marquess of Sligo. The genealogical evidence uncovered seemed to contradict the family legend, rendering the 'suggestion' doubtful. Coincidentally, the search revealed that his great-grandmother had previously lived in Grimsby at a location within a mile of the art college at which Hurt had once enrolled.[22]
Since 2006, John Hurt has been a patron of Project Harar, a UK-based charity working in Ethiopia for children with facial disfigurements.[23]
Since 2009, he has been patron of QUAD. On 25 September 2009 Hurt visited QUAD and took part in a Q&A directly preceding a screening of the film The Night Train as part of the festivities, celebrating the first birthday at QUAD (opened on 26 September 2008). The day after, 26 September, John Hurt was guest of honour at Derby County vs Bristol City and went on the pitch at Pride Park Stadium at half time to oversee a prize draw.[citation needed]
Filmography[link]
Films[link]
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1962 | Wild and the Willing, TheThe Wild and the Willing | Phil | |
| 1963 | This Is My Street | Charlie | |
| 1966 | Man for All Seasons, AA Man for All Seasons | Richard Rich | |
| 1967 | Sailor from Gibraltar, TheThe Sailor from Gibraltar | John | |
| 1969 | In Search of Gregory | Daniel | |
| 1969 | Sinful Davey | Davey Haggart | |
| 1969 | Before Winter Comes | Lieutenant Pilkington | |
| 1971 | Mr. Forbush and the Penguins | Richard Forbush | |
| 1971 | 10 Rillington Place | Timothy John Evans | Nominated – BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role |
| 1972 | Pied Piper, TheThe Pied Piper | Franz | |
| 1974 | Little Malcolm | Malcolm Scrawdyke | |
| 1975 | Ghoul, TheThe Ghoul | Tom Rawlings | |
| 1975 | Linea del fiume, LaLa Linea del fiume | Chandler | |
| 1977 | East of Elephant Rock | Nash | |
| 1977 | Three Dangerous Ladies | Lt. Simmonds | |
| 1977 | Disappearance, TheThe Disappearance | Atkinson | |
| 1978 | Watership Down | Hazel | Voice role |
| 1978 | Shout, TheThe Shout | Anthony Fielding | |
| 1978 | Midnight Express | Max | Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role Nominated – Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor |
| 1978 | Lord of the Rings, TheThe Lord of the Rings | Aragorn | Voice role |
| 1979 | Alien | Kane | DVDX Award for Best Audio Commentary (New for DVD) (2003 re-issue in Alien Quadrilogy, shared with Ridley Scott, Ronald Shusett, Terry Rawlings, Sigourney Weaver, Tom Skerritt, Veronica Cartwright and Harry Dean Stanton) Nominated – BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role |
| 1980 | Elephant Man, TheThe Elephant Man | John Merrick | BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role Nominated – Academy Award for Best Actor Nominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama |
| 1980 | Heaven's Gate | Billy Irvine | |
| 1981 | Night Crossing | Peter Strelzyk | |
| 1981 | History of the World, Part I | Jesus Christ | |
| 1982 | Partners | Kerwin | |
| 1982 | Plague Dogs, TheThe Plague Dogs | Snitter | Voice |
| 1983 | Osterman Weekend, TheThe Osterman Weekend | Lawrence Fassett | |
| 1984 | Champions | Bob Champion | Evening Standard British Film Awards for Best ActorAlso for The Hit and Nineteen Eighty-Four |
| 1984 | Success Is the Best Revenge | Dino Montecurva | |
| 1984 | Hit, TheThe Hit | Braddock | Evening Standard British Film Awards for Best ActorAlso for Champions and Nineteen Eighty-Four Mystfest for Best ActorShared with: Terence Stamp and Tim Roth |
| 1984 | Nineteen Eighty-Four | Winston Smith | Evening Standard British Film Awards for Best ActorAlso for Champions and The Hit Fantasporto for Best ActorTied with Eddy Mitchell for Frankenstein 90 Valladolid International Film Festival for Best ActorTied with Richard Burton |
| 1985 | After Darkness | Peter Hunningford | Entered into the 35th Berlin International Film Festival |
| 1985 | Black Cauldron, TheThe Black Cauldron | The Horned King | Voice |
| 1986 | Jake Speed | Sid | |
| 1987 | Hunting of the Snark, TheThe Hunting of the Snark | Narrator | Voice |
| 1987 | Rocinante | Bill | |
| 1987 | From the Hip | Douglas Benoit | |
| 1987 | Spaceballs | Kane | Cameo of his "Alien" (1979) character 'Kane', humorously self-parodied with the line: "Oh no... Not again!" |
| 1987 | Aria | The Actor | Segment "I pagliacci" |
| 1987 | Vincent | Narrator (Vincent van Gogh's Letters to his bother) | Voice |
| 1987 | White Mischief | Gilbert Colvile | |
| 1988 | Bengali Night, TheThe Bengali Night | Lucien Metz | |
| 1989 | Scandal | Stephen Ward | |
| 1989 | Little Sweetheart | Robert Burger | |
| 1990 | Romeo-Juliet | La Dame aux Chats Mercutio |
|
| 1990 | Windprints | Charles Rutherford | |
| 1990 | Field, TheThe Field | Bird O'Donnell | Nominated – BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role |
| 1990 | Frankenstein Unbound | Dr. Joe Buchanan Narrator |
|
| 1991 | I Dreamt I Woke Up | John Boorman's Alter Ego | |
| 1991 | King Ralph | Lord Percival Graves | |
| 1992 | Lapse of Memory | Conrad Farmer | |
| 1993 | Kölcsönkapott idő | Sean | |
| 1993 | L'Oeil qui ment | Anthony / Le Marquis | |
| 1993 | Monolith | Villano | |
| 1993 | Even Cowgirls Get the Blues | The Countess | |
| 1994 | Rabbit Ears: Aladdin and the Magic Lamp | Storyteller | Direct-to-video release |
| 1994 | Thumbelina | Mr. Mole | Voice |
| 1994 | Felidae | Pascal (Claudandus) | Voice (English dub) |
| 1994 | Second Best | Uncle Turpin | |
| 1995 | Two Nudes Bathing | Marquis de Prey | |
| 1995 | Saigon Baby | Jack Lee | |
| 1995 | Rob Roy | John Graham, Marquis of Montrose | |
| 1995 | Dead Man | John Scholfield | |
| 1995 | Wild Bill | Charley Prince | |
| 1997 | Tender Loving Care | Dr. Turner | Interactive CD-ROM film |
| 1997 | Love and Death on Long Island | Giles De'Ath | FIPRESCI Prize – Special Mention of Chicago International Film FestivalShared with: Richard Kwietniowski Nominated – British Independent Film Awards for Best Performance by a British Actor in an Independent Film |
| 1997 | Contact | S.R. Hadden | |
| 1997 | Bandyta | Babits | |
| 1998 | The Commissioner | James Morton | Entered into the 48th Berlin International Film Festival |
| 1998 | Night Train | Michael Poole | Verona Love Screens Film Festival for Best Actor |
| 1998 | All the Little Animals | Mr. Summers | |
| 1999 | Climb, TheThe Climb | Chuck Langer | |
| 1999 | New Blood | Alan White | |
| 1999 | Monkey's Tale, AA Monkey's Tale | Sebastian | English dub of French film Le Château des singes |
| 1999 | If... Dog... Rabbit... | Sean Cooper | |
| 1999 | You're Dead... | Maitland | |
| 2000 | Tigger Movie, TheThe Tigger Movie | Narrator | Voice |
| 2000 | Lost Souls | Father Lareaux | |
| 2001 | Tabloid | Vince | |
| 2001 | Captain Corelli's Mandolin | Dr. Iannis | |
| 2001 | Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone | Mr. Ollivander | |
| 2002 | Miranda | Christian | |
| 2002 | Crime and Punishment | Porfiry | |
| 2003 | Owning Mahowny | Victor Foss | |
| 2003 | Meeting Che Guevara & the Man from Maybury Hill | Man from Maybury Hill | |
| 2003 | Dogville | Narrator | Voice |
| 2004 | Hellboy | Professor Trevor "Broom" Bruttenholm | |
| 2004 | Pride | Harry | Voice |
| 2005 | Short Order | Felix | |
| 2005 | Valiant | Felix | Voice |
| 2005 | Proposition, TheThe Proposition | Jellon Lamb | Nominated – Australian Film Institute Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role |
| 2005 | Shooting Dogs | Christopher | |
| 2005 | Manderlay | Narrator | Voice |
| 2005 | Skeleton Key, TheThe Skeleton Key | Ben Devereaux | |
| 2006 | V for Vendetta | Adam Sutler | |
| 2006 | Perfume: The Story of a Murderer | Narrator | Voice |
| 2007 | Boxes | Le père de Fanny | |
| 2008 | Outlander | Rothgar | |
| 2008 | Oxford Murders, TheThe Oxford Murders | Arthur Seldom | |
| 2008 | Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull | Dr. Harold Oxley | |
| 2008 | Hellboy II: The Golden Army | Professor Trevor 'Broom' Bruttenholm | Cameo |
| 2008 | Lecture 21 | Mondrian Kilroy | |
| 2009 | Limits of Control, TheThe Limits of Control | Guitar | |
| 2009 | New York, I Love You | Waiter | |
| 2009 | 44 Inch Chest | Old Man Peanut | Nominated – London Film Critics' Circle for Best British Supporting Actor |
| 2010 | Lou | Doyle | |
| 2010 | Ultramarines: The Movie | Carnak | Voice |
| 2010 | Brighton Rock | Phil Corkery | |
| 2010 | Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 | Mr. Ollivander | |
| 2011 | Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 | Mr. Ollivander | |
| 2011 | Melancholia | Dexter | |
| 2011 | Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy | Control | |
| 2011 | Immortals | Old Zeus | |
| 2012 | The Absinthe Drinkers | Antonio Argenti | filming |
Television[link]
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1961 | Drama 61–67 | Private Briggs | Episode 1.16: "Drama '61: Local Incident" |
| 1962 | Z-Cars | James Hogan | Episode 1.29: "Assault" |
| 1963 | First Night | Garry | Episode 1.12: "Menace" |
| 1964 | Armchair Theatre | Unknown | Episode 4.102: "A Jug of Bread" |
| 1964 | Thursday Theatre | Orpheus | Episode 1.11: "Point of Departure" |
| 1964–1965 | ITV Play of the Week | Various characters | Appeared in three episodes |
| 1965 | Gideon's Way | Freddy Tinsdale | Episode 1.14: "The Tin God" |
| 1973 | Wessex Tales | Joshua Harlborough | Episode 1.3: "A Tragedy of Two Ambitions" |
| 1974 | Playboy of the Western World, TheThe Playboy of the Western World | Christopher "Christy" Mahon | television film |
| 1975 | Naked Civil Servant, TheThe Naked Civil Servant | Quentin Crisp | television film British Academy Television Award for Best Actor; #4 in BFI TV 100 |
| 1976 | Shades of Greene | Fred | Episode 2.6: "A Drive in the Country" |
| 1976 | Play for Today | Alec Cassell | Episode 6.22: "The Peddler" |
| 1976 | Sweeney, TheThe Sweeney | Tony Grey | Episode 3.4: "Tomorrow Man" |
| 1976 | I, Claudius | Caligula | TV mini-series |
| 1977 | Spectre | Mitri Cyon | television film |
| 1979 | Crime and Punishment | Rodion Romanovich Raskolnikov | TV mini-series |
| 1983 | King Lear | The Fool | television film |
| 1988 | Deadline | Granville Jones | television film |
| 1988 | Storyteller, TheThe Storyteller | The Storyteller | Appeared in all nine first series episodes |
| 1990 | Investigation: Inside a Terrorist Bombing, TheThe Investigation: Inside a Terrorist Bombing | Chris Mullin | television film |
| 1991 | Journey to Knock | Alfred | television film |
| 1991 | Red Fox | Archie Carpenter | TV mini-series |
| 1992 | Six Characters in Search of an Author | The Father | television film |
| 1993 | Great Moments in Aviation | Rex Goodyear | |
| 1995 | Prisoners in Time | Eric Lomax | |
| 1998 | Saturday Night Live | March Hare | Episode 23.17 |
| 1999–2000 | Watership Down | General Woundwort | Multiple episodes; voice |
| 2001 | Beckett on Film – Krapp's Last Tape | Krapp | television film |
| 2002 | Bait | Jack Blake | |
| 2004 | Alan Clark Diaries, TheThe Alan Clark Diaries | Alan Clark | TV serial |
| 2004 | Pride | Harry | television film; voice |
| 2005 | Hiroshima | Narrator | Voice |
| 2007 | Hellboy: Blood and Iron | Professor Trevor 'Broom' Bruttenholm | television film; voice |
| 2007 | Masters of Science Fiction | Samswope | Episode 1.4: "The Discarded" |
| 2008 | Recount | Warren Christopher | television film |
| 2008–Present | Merlin (Seasons 1,2,3,4 – pres) | The Great Dragon, Killgarrah | Voice; does not appear in every episode, yet is credited in the opening title sequence for each episode. |
| 2009 | The Gruffalo | The Owl | television film (Children's), voice |
| 2009 | Paul O'Grady Show, TheThe Paul O'Grady Show | Himself | Penultimate episode |
| 2009 | Englishman in New York, AnAn Englishman in New York | Quentin Crisp | television film Berlin International Film Festival – Teddy Award Nominated – British Academy Television Award for Best Actor |
| 2010 | Whistle and I'll Come to You | James Parkin | television film |
| 2010 | Human Planet | Narrator | Documentary |
| 2011 | Harry's Arctic Heroes | Narrator | Documentary |
| 2011 | Planet Dinosaur | Narrator | Documentary |
| 2011 | The Gruffalo's Child[24] | The Owl | television film (Children's), voice |
| 2012 | Labyrinth | Audric Baillard | TV miniseries |
| 2012 | The Jonathan Ross Show | Himself | One episode |
Video games[link]
- Privateer 2: The Darkening (1996) – Joe the Bartender
- Tender Loving Care (1998) – Dr. Turner
- Lord of the Rings: Conquest (2009) - Narrator
Other projects, contributions[link]
- When Love Speaks (2002, EMI Classics) – "Sonnet 145"
("Those lips that Love's own hand did make") - Hurt performs in drag for the promotional video for Attitude by the music group Suede.
- Hurt is seen as the 'Brian Epstein' esque mogul in Paul McCartney's 1982 video for the song 'Take It Away'. McCartney explains in the video commentary section of The McCartney Years DVD (for the song 'Take it Away') that Hurt himself was a friend of The Beatles and Brian Epstein, and that The Beatles had watched Hurt act in the mid-60's and thought him a fine actor.
- Hurt is the narrator on the album The Seduction of Claude Debussy by the band Art of Noise (1999).
- John Hurt is the narrator of the 4 part series released in 1999 on The Universe for Channel 4 International, available on DVD.
- Hurt co-starred along side Kiefer Sutherland in the 10 part web series The Confession.
References[link]
- ^ Awards for John Hurt at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ "John Hurt – Biography". Talk Talk. http://www.talktalk.co.uk/entertainment/film/biography/artist/john-hurt/biography/56?page=3. Retrieved 26 January 2010.
- ^ John Hurt – Biography
- ^ a b "John Hurt Biography (1940–)". Filmreference.com. http://www.filmreference.com/film/43/John-Hurt.html. Retrieved 28 October 2010.
- ^ "Alien named as top 18-rated scene". BBC. Retrieved 31 May 2010.
- ^ "100 Greatest Scary Moments". episode 4 of 100. 25 October 2003. 50 minutes in. Channel 4.
- ^ Kermode, Mark (19 October 2003). "All fright on the night". The Guardian (UK). http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2003/oct/19/features.review. Retrieved 1 February 2010.
- ^ "Scariest movie scenes ever". Virgin Media. http://www.virginmedia.com/movies/movieextras/top10s/scariest-scenes.php. Retrieved 18 January 2010.
- ^ Green, Graeme. "John Hurt talks Harry Potter, flamenco and chestbursters". Metro. http://www.metro.co.uk/showbiz/interviews/805670-john-hurt-talks-harry-potter-flamenco-and-chestbursters. Retrieved 18 January 2010.
- ^ "The 100 Scariest Movie Moments". Bravo. Archived from the original on 30 October 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071030070540/http://www.bravotv.com/The_100_Scariest_Movie_Moments/index.shtml. Retrieved 29 May 2010. (via Internet Archive)
- ^ "The making of Alien's chestburster scene". The Guardian (UK). 13 October 2009. http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2009/oct/13/making-of-alien-chestburster. Retrieved 18 January 2010.
- ^ "BBC Radio Derby". http://www.bbc.co.uk/derby/realmedia/2002/01/john_hurt.ram. Retrieved 28 October 2010.
- ^ "Br. Alselm's cookbook". Glenstal.org. 17 October 2009. http://www.glenstal.org/shop/product_info.php?cPath=2&products_id=63. Retrieved 28 October 2010.
- ^ a b "The Guardian Interview: John Hurt". Guardian (UK). 1 July 2000. http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2000/apr/27/guardianinterviewsatbfisouthbank. Retrieved 28 October 2010.
- ^ "History of St Michael's School, accessed 21 March 2010. (On Cormack's subsequent appointment to the Headship. For details of the abuse he perpetrated see the reference to the ',Independent on Sunday',)". Stmichaels.kent.sch.uk. http://www.stmichaels.kent.sch.uk/school-visitors/12/history-of-the-school. Retrieved 28 October 2010.
- ^ Sholto Byrnes (16 October 2005). "John Hurt: I was abused, too". Independent on Sunday (UK). http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/john-hurt-i-was-abused-too-511182.html. Retrieved 28 October 2010.
- ^ "IESB First Look: Indy IV Looks Back at the Original Trilogy" (Video). IESB. 1 May 2008. http://www.iesb.net/index.php?option=com_seyret&Itemid=227&task=videodirectlink&id=990. Retrieved 1 May 2008.
- ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1199099/epcast
- ^ "Actor Hurt to reprise Crisp role". BBC News. 29 April 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7373997.stm. Retrieved 6 May 2010.
- ^ "John Hurt on 1984". National Media Museum. http://www.nationalmediamuseum.org.uk/1984/interview.asp. Retrieved 28 October 2010. [dead link]
- ^ "Ben Kinglsey & John Hurt for Neil Jordan – John Boorman's 'Broken Dream'". IFTN. http://iftn.ie/news/?act1=record&only=1&aid=73&rid=4283808&tpl=archnews&force=1. Retrieved 15 April 2011.
- ^ "Who Do You Think You Are? BBC Magazine – About the series". Bbc whodoyouthinkyouare.com. http://www.bbcwhodoyouthinkyouare.com/stories.php?art=39448. Retrieved 28 October 2010.
- ^ "John Hurt". Project Harar. 19 July 2006. http://projectharar.co.uk/john_hurt.html. Retrieved 28 October 2010.
- ^ "The Gruffalo's Child". BBC One. http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b018nrhm. Retrieved 2011-12-10.
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: John Hurt |
- John Hurt at the Internet Movie Database
- John Hurt at the British Film Institute's Screenonline
- Actor's Compendium
- Biography on BBC site
- Receiving his honorary degree from Hull University in January 2006
- March 2006 Observer article
- Project Harar
- John Hurt lights a candle for Rwanda
- John Hurt narrates Human Planet 2011
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Hurt, John |
| Alternative names | Hurt, John Vincent |
| Short description | English Actor |
| Date of birth | 1940-01-22 |
| Place of birth | Shirebrook, Derbyshire, England |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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| Kenny Loggins | |
|---|---|
 Loggins performing at the Interlochen Center for the Arts, August 5, 2009 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Kenneth Clark Loggins |
| Born | (1948-01-07) January 7, 1948 (age 64) Everett, Washington, United States |
| Genres | Rock, soft rock |
| Years active | 1966–present |
| Labels | Columbia, Mercury |
| Associated acts | Loggins and Messina, USA for Africa, Michael McDonald, Blue Sky Riders |
| Website | Kenny Loggins.com |
Kenneth Clark "Kenny" Loggins (born January 7, 1948) is an American singer and songwriter. He is known for soft rock music beginning during the 1970s, and later for writing and performing for movie soundtracks in the 1980s. Originally a part of the duo Loggins and Messina, he became a solo artist and has written songs for other artists.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Loggins (born in Everett, Washington) is the youngest of three brothers. His mother was Lina (Massie), a stay-at-home mom, and his father, Robert George Loggins, was a salesman. They lived in Detroit and Seattle before settling in Alhambra, California. Loggins attended San Gabriel Mission High School[citation needed], graduating in 1966. He formed a band called the Second Helping, that released three singles during 1968 and 1969 on Viva Records. Greg Shaw described the efforts as "excellent punky folk-pop records" that were written by Loggins who was likely to be the bandleader and singer as well; Shaw included "Let Me In" on both Highs in the Mid-Sixties, Volume 2 and the Pebbles, Volume 9 CD.[1] Loggins had a short gig playing guitar for the "The New Improved" Electric Prunes in 1969 before writing four songs for the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, which were included in their Uncle Charlie & His Dog Teddy album.[2] During his early twenties, he was part of the band Gator Creek with Mike Deasy. An early version of "Danny's Song" (later recorded by Loggins and Messina) was included in a record on Mercury Records.
Loggins and Messina[link]
Jim Messina, formerly of Poco and Buffalo Springfield, was working as an independent record producer for Columbia Records in 1970 when he was introduced to Kenny Loggins, then a little-known singer/songwriter who was signed to ABC-Dunhill.
The two recorded a number of Loggins' compositions in Messina's home living room. When Columbia signed Loggins to a six-album contract (with the assistance of Messina), recording began in earnest for Loggins' debut album, with Messina as producer. Messina originally intended to lend his name to the Loggins project only to help introduce the unknown Loggins to Messina's well-established Buffalo Springfield and Poco audiences. But by the time the album was completed, Messina had contributed so much to the album - in terms of songwriting, arrangement, instrumentation, and vocals - that an "accidental" duo was born. Thus, the full name of their first album was Kenny Loggins with Jim Messina Sittin' In.
Although the album went unnoticed by radio upon release, it eventually found success by autumn 1972, particularly on college campuses where the pair toured heavily. Loggins' and Messina's harmonies meshed so well that what was begun as a one-off album became an entity unto itself. Audiences regarded the pair as a genuine duo rather than as a solo act with a well-known producer. Instead of continuing to produce Loggins as a sole performer, they decided to record as a duo – Loggins & Messina.
"When our first album, 'Sittin' In', came out, we started receiving a lot of excitement about the music and good sales," Messina recalled in 2005. "We had a choice. It was either I now go on and continue to produce him and we do the solo career or we stay together and let this work. For me, I did not desire to go back out on the road. I had had enough of that, and I wanted to produce records. But Clive Davis (then president of the record company) intervened and said, 'You know, I think you'd be making a mistake if you guys didn't take this opportunity. Things like this only happen once in a lifetime. It may merit you sleeping on it overnight and making a decision that will be in your best interest.' He was absolutely correct. Kenny made the decision as well. It delayed his solo career, but it gave him an opportunity, I think, to have one."[3]
Over the next four years they produced five more albums of original material in the studio, plus one album of covers of other artists' material, and two live albums. They sold 16 million records and were the most successful duo of the early 1970s, surpassed later in the decade only by Hall & Oates.[3] Their work was covered by other artists, such as Lynn Anderson, who recorded "Listen to a Country Song," which was released in 1972 and reaching No. 3 on the charts, and, perhaps most notably, Anne Murray, who reached the U.S. top ten with "Danny's Song" in early 1973 and again with "A Love Song" the following year. A greatest-hits album, The Best of Friends, would be released a year after the duo had separated. The later studio albums often found both Loggins and Messina more as two solo artists sharing the same record rather than as a genuine partnership. As both Loggins and Messina noted in 2005, their collaboration eventually became more a competition - a frequent, almost-inevitable dynamic of show business duos.
The pair had by early 1976 quietly but amicably parted to pursue solo careers, following the release of Native Sons.
Solo career[link]
During 1977, Loggins produced his first solo album, Celebrate Me Home, which included the successful song "I Believe In Love", sung originally by Barbra Streisand in A Star Is Born. Nightwatch, a popular album released during 1978, included the hit song, "Whenever I Call You Friend", a duet with Stevie Nicks of Fleetwood Mac, though co-written with Melissa Manchester. He followed it in 1979 with Keep the Fire.
With Michael McDonald[link]
Loggins also wrote the song "What a Fool Believes" with Michael McDonald. Each man recorded his own version of the song, with McDonald's recording his version as a member of The Doobie Brothers. Loggins' version was released first, but the Doobie Brothers' version achieved greater success, scoring No. 1 on the popular music charts. During 1980, Loggins and McDonald received a Grammy for Song of the Year for "What a Fool Believes".
During 1979, Loggins and McDonald wrote "This Is It" for Loggins' ailing father, who had to choose between life and death. The song earned Loggins the Grammy Award for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance. NBC used the song as theme music for its coverage of the NCAA men's basketball tournament in 1980 and 1981.
Soundtracks[link]
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During the next decade, Loggins recorded so many successful songs for film soundtracks that he was referred to as, "King of the Movie Soundtrack".[4][5] He began with "I'm Alright" (#7 in the U.S.), "Mr. Night", and "Lead the Way" from Caddyshack. Hits followed with "Footloose" and "I'm Free (Heaven Helps the Man)" from Footloose; "Meet Me Halfway" from Over the Top; and "Danger Zone" and "Playing With the Boys" from Top Gun. Loggins also performed "Nobody's Fool" from the film Caddyshack II. He also performed as a member of USA for Africa on the famine-relief fundraising single "We Are the World".
During the 1990s, Loggins continued his album career, including the popular 1994 children's album Return to Pooh Corner, which included the title single, a reworking of "House at Pooh Corner", written for his newborn son Luke.
During 1991, Loggins recorded and produced Leap of Faith, which included the single "Conviction of the Heart". Former vice president Al Gore billed this song as "the unofficial anthem of the environmental movement". On Earth Day 1995, Loggins performed at The National Mall in Washington, D.C. before a live audience of 500,000.
During 1997, Loggins released the album "The Unimaginable Life" based on his book which was co-written by his wife Julia. Tracks include "Now That I Know Love", "The Art of Letting Go", and "One Chance at a Time". The album was produced by Loggins and Randy Jackson with background vocals by Skyler Jett, Lamont VanHook, and Howard Smith.
During 1998, Loggins recorded a version of the popular Sesame Street song "One Small Voice" for the ABC Television special, Elmopalooza, which was included as a track on the Grammy Award winning soundtrack album.
Recent years[link]
During recent years Loggins has continued to record and produce Adult Contemporary music and scored a No. 1 single on the Billboard AC chart during 1997 with "For The First Time" (his Oscar-nominated song from One Fine Day). His last film song was The Tigger Movie song "Your Heart Will Lead You Home", which he co-wrote with Richard and Robert Sherman. In 1999 he appeared as himself on Dharma & Greg in the episode "Tye-Dying the Knot", performing at Abby and Larry's wedding.
During 2005, JD Ryznar started web series Yacht Rock, in which Loggins appears played by Hunter Stair and shows Loggins' rise to fame. The show helped with the revival of Loggins' music.[citation needed]
During 2005, Loggins and Messina performed a successful nationwide tour that resulted in the CD and DVD Loggins and Messina Sittin' In Again. Their first tour since 1976, it was 2 hours in length and included an acoustic set in the middle of the show. Complete with a set change that turned the stage into an old gas station setting, the show had a large IMAG video screen that showed old footage of the band, as well as tribute footage of recently deceased former L&M bandmate John Clark.
During 2007 Loggins joined the new recording company 180 Music for the release of his How About Now album. That year he was also inducted into Hollywood’s Sunset Boulevard RockWalk.[6]
On July 31, 2008, Loggins appeared on the TV program Don't Forget the Lyrics! and performed "I'm Alright" and "Footloose".
In 2009 Loggins issued a new children's album entitled All Join In but it was not released due to complications with his record company.
In 2009 Loggins and Messina successfully toured the USA and Canada, reviving their "Sittin' In Again tour".
In 2011 Loggins did a short tour in South East Asia including Manila, Philippines and Singapore. Loggins performed Friday, June 3, 2011 at the Arcada Theater in St Charles, IL. He stopped by the Eddie and Jobo Show in Chicago to talk about his music, his personal life and what kind of show you can expect from him.[7]
Blue Sky Riders[link]
Loggins is currently working on songs with Blue Sky Riders, a country trio also featuring Gary Burr and Georgia Middleman.
Personal life[link]
Loggins was married to Eva Ein from 1978 to 1990; they had three children together: Crosby, Cody, and Isabella. The oldest, Crosby Loggins, produced his first CD in 2007 entitled We All Go Home. During 2008, Crosby Loggins was voted the winner of the MTV reality show Rock the Cradle. Cody was born in 1983 and Isabella in 1988.[8] As of 2009, daughter Bella was a music major in college.[9]
When Loggins experienced health problems in 1982, he was referred to Julia Cooper, a colon therapist. They felt an immediate connection and both were unhappy in their relationships, but each was married to someone else; Loggins then had one child and his wife was pregnant with their second. Their relationship was limited to a close friendship for many years. Near the end of the 1980s, Loggins separated from his wife, Eva, at nearly the same time Julia left her husband, and they began a deeper relationship.[10]
Loggins' divorce was made final in 1990; he and Cooper married in July, 1992.[11][12] In 1994, they became involved with Equinox International, a multi-level marketing organization, and created a promotional video for the company, as did Ted Danson and Dave Parker.[13] The couple had two children: Lukas, born in 1994, and Hana, born in 1998.[12] After several years of their marriage, they assembled material from the journals that each kept, which included poems, songs and letters. They authored a 1997 book entitled, The Unimaginable Life about their relationship. Its purpose was to offer an alternative to typical relationships where spouses feel that they cannot be completely honest.[10] Later on, they faced possible bankruptcy.[12]
The couple divorced in 2004. Loggins commented in 2009, “I got pretty blindsided by Julia’s decision to leave. She’s a very impulsive woman, and she found herself going through a midlife crisis. And she didn’t know what to make of it, and it changed her life.”[9]
Kenny Loggins is a cousin to singer-songwriter, Dave Loggins.[citation needed]
Discography[link]
Main article: Kenny Loggins discography
Of the seven albums released by Loggins & Messina from 1971–1976, two were platinum and five were gold.[2]
Since going solo, Loggins has released 13 albums, three of which were certified gold (500,000 shipped), and four became platinum (1 million shipped).[14]
Notes[link]
- ^ Liner notes, Highs in the Mid-Sixties, Volume 2. Ref. 21 Aug 2008.
- ^ a b "Biography: Kenny Loggins" Poem Hunter.com
- ^ a b "Together again: Kenny Loggins and Jim Messina bring their hits to Biloxi", by Ron Thibodeaux, The Times-Picayune (New Orleans), July 29, 2005.
- ^ "Kenny Loggins" Gale Music Profiles
- ^ Franko, Vanessa: "Temecula film fest to honor Kenny Loggins" Temecula Press-Enterprise, August 3, 2010
- ^ Kenny Loggins Inducted Into RockWalk. Associated Press. March 9, 2007.
- ^ "Kenny Loggins Chats With Eddie & Jobo". http://khitschicago.radio.com/2011/06/02/hell-be-in-st-charles-tomorrow-but-today-kenny-loggins-is-with-eddie-jobo/.
- ^ Dickinson, John: "Familiar Faces" Santa Barbara.com, 2002
- ^ a b Brown, Joe: "Heart in hand, Kenny Loggins rides into danger zone" Las Vegas Sun, March 12, 2009
- ^ a b Gerber, Suzanne: "Kenny & Julia Loggins' recipe for lasting love" Vegetarian Times, August, 1998
- ^ Johnson, Robert: "Music notes: Don’t sell Kenny Loggins short" San Antonio.com, August 27, 2010
- ^ a b c Hatch, Betty (September 21, 2007). "Santa Barbara Council for Self-Esteem: Julia Loggins". Self Esteem. http://www.selfesteem.org/menu/projects/sbcse/speakers/julialoggins.htm. Retrieved 2009-03-16.
- ^ Mills, Ami Chen: "Multi-Level Marketing" Metroactive News & Issues, October 3, 1996
- ^ McDonnell, Brandy: "Grammy winner Kenny Loggins sets February Tulsa show" News Oklahoma, November 30, 2010
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Kenny Loggins |
- Kenny Loggins.com
- Blue Sky Riders official website
- Audio interview with Kenny Loggins, Gary Burr and Georgia Middleman (Blue Sky Riders) on the Sodajerker on Songwriting podcast
- 2011 radio interview with Kenny Loggins
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Loggins, Kenny |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | January 7, 1948 |
| Place of birth | Everett, Washington, United States |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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