Coordinates	34°03′″N118°15′″N
name	Leo Brouwer
background	non_performing_personnel
birth name	Juan Leovigildo Brouwer Mezquida
born	March 01, 1939 Havana, Cuba
genre	Folkloric, Aleatoric, Atonal
occupation	Composer, Classical guitarist, Conductor
years active	1968-
label	Egrem }}

Juan Leovigildo Brouwer Mezquida (born March 1, 1939) in Havana, is a Cuban composer, conductor and guitarist. He is the grandson of Cuban composer Ernestina Lecuona Casado.

Biography

As a child, Brouwer received his initial stimulus from his father, a physician, who was an ''aficionado'' of Villa-Lobos, Tárrega and Granados. He initiated his son encouraging him to play these composers' works, mostly by ear.

Young Brouwer received his first formal guitar instruction from the noted Cuban guitarist and pedagogue Isaac Nicola, in turn a disciple of Emilio Pujol. Afterwards, Brouwer went to the United States to study music at the Hartt College of Music of the University of Hartford, and later at the Juilliard School, where he studied under Vincent Persichetti and took composition classes with Stefan Wolpe.

In 1970 Brouwer played in the premiere of El Cimarrón by Hans Werner Henze in Berlin. Together with Morton Feldman, he was awarded a 1972 scholarship by the DAAD (German Academic Exchange Service) being guest composer and lecturer of Academy of Science and Arts of Berlin. In Germany Brouwer also recorded a number of LPs for Deutsche Grammophon.

Brouwer's playing career ended in the early 1980s due to an injury to a tendon in his right hand middle finger.

Brouwer's early works show the influence of Cuban folk music, but during the 1960s and 70s, he became interested in the music of modernist composers such as Luigi Nono and Iannis Xenakis, using indeterminacy in works such as ''Sonograma I''. Other works from this period include the guitar pieces ''Canticum'' (1968), ''La espiral eterna'' (1971), ''Parábola'' (1973) and ''Tarantos'' (1974). More recently, Brouwer's works have started leaning towards tonality and modality. The solo guitar works ''El Decamerón Negro'' (1981) the ''Sonata'' (1990; for Julian Bream) and ''Paisaje cubano con campanas'' (1986) exemplify this tendency.

Among his works are a large number of solo guitar pieces, several guitar concertos and over forty film scores. Leo Brouwer is involved in the "Concurso y Festival Internacional de Guitarra de la Habana" (International Guitar Festival of the Havana). He travels often to attend guitar festivals throughout the world, and especially to other Latin American countries.

Modern music

Brouwer is best known for his performances and compositions of modern music. He has performed and recorded works by Sylvano Bussotti, Hans Werner Henze, Maurice Ohana, Cristóbal Halffter, Cornelius Cardew, Heitor Villa-Lobos, etc.

Functionary and Communist Party Member

Brouwer has held a number of official posts in Cuba, including the directorship of the Cinema Institute of Cuba's music department.

Selected Works

Works for Guitar

Solo Guitar

1955 ''Suite No. 1 Antigua''

1955 ''Suite No. 2''

1956 ''Preludio''

1957 ''Danza Característica "Quítate de la Acera"''

1959 ''Fuga No. 1''

1959 ''Tres Apuntes''

1964 ''Danza del Altiplano''

1964 ''Elogio de la Danza''

1968 ''Canticum''

1968 ''Un Dia de Noviembre''

1971 ''La Espiral Eterna''

1973 ''Parábola''

1973 ''Estudios Sencillos (Nos. 1-10)''

1974 ''Tarantos''

1975 ''Cadences''

1981 ''El Decamerón Negro''

1981 ''Preludios Epigramáticos No. 1-6''

1984 ''Variations on a Theme of Django Reinhardt''

1987 ''Paisaje Cubano con Campanas''

1990 ''Sonate''

:• Fandangos y boleros :• Sarabanda de Scriabin :• Toccata de Pasquini

1993 ''Rito de los Orishás''

1996 ''Hika: In Memoriam Toru Takemitsu''

1996 ''Hoja de album''

1996 ''Paisaje Cubano con Tristeza'"

1999 ''An Idea (Passacaglia por Eli)''

2000 ''Viaje a la Semilla''

2001 ''Nuevos Estudios Sencillos No. 11-20''

2004 ''Omaggio a Prokofiev''

2004 ''La Ciudad De Las Columnas''

2008 ''Paisaje Cubano con fiesta''

''Canción Triste''

''Cantilena de los bosques dedicata a Roberto Fabbri''

''Dos aires populares cubanos''

''Guajira criolla''

''Zapateado''

''Exaedros 1''

''Piezas sin títulos No. 1-3''

''Variantes''

''Variations on a Piazzolla Tango''

''Dos Temas populares cubanos''

:• Drume negrita, cancion de cuna (Berceuse) :• Ojos Brujos

Guitar Ensemble

Guitar Duo

1957-1958 ''Micropiezas Hommage à Darius Milhaud''

1958 ''Micropiezas No.5''

1964 ''Música incidental campesina,'' (music for Theaterplay ''El fantasma'')

''Per Suonare a Due''

''Triptoco''

Guitar Quartet

''Canciones remotas''

''Toccata para cuatro o más guitarras''

''Toccata''

''Paisaje Cubano Con Rumba''

''Paisaje Cubano con lluvia''

Guitar Orchestra

1958 ''Tres danzas concertantes''

1979 ''Acerca del cielo, el aire y la sonrisa''

1983 ''Retrats Catalans''

1985 ''From yesterday to Penny Lane''

1995 ''Concierto Omaggio a Paganini'' (concerto for guitar and violin)

Guitar Concertos / Concierto para Guitarra

19?? ''Concierto p.g. No. 1''

1981 ''Concierto p.g. No. 2 de Lieja''

1986 ''Concierto p.g. No. 3 Elegiaco''

1987 ''Concierto p.g. No. 4 de Toronto''

1991 ''Concierto p.g. No. 5 de Helsinki''

1997 ''Concierto p.g. No. 6 de Volos''

1998 ''Concierto p.g. No. 7 "La Habana"

1999 ''Concierto p.g. No. 8 "Concierto Cantata de Perugia"

2002 ''Concierto p.g. No. 9 "de Benicassim"

2003 ''Concierto p.g. No. 10 "Book of Signs" (concerto for two guitars)

2007 ''Concierto p.g. No. 11 "de Requim (In memoriam Toru Takemitsu)"

Other Works

Solo Instruments

1960 ''Sonata para cello solo''

1962 ''Variantes para un percusionista''

1970 "Sonata 'pian e forte' " for Roger Woodward

Chamber Music

String Quartets

1961 ''Cuarteto de cuerdas No. 1, a la memoria de Bela Bártok''

''Cuarteto de cuerdas No. 2''

''Cuarteto de cuerdas No. 3''

''Demeter Prelude''

Other Chamber Music

1970 ''Sonata piane forte'' for Piano and recorded tape

1970 ''Per suonare a Tre'' (flute, alto, and guitar

1983 ''Manuscrito antiguo encontrado en una botella'' for pianotrio

''Balada for Flute and Strings''

''Canción de Gesta (para orquesta de cámara)''

''Sonate pour Cor et Piano''

''Pictures of Another Exhibition'' (violin, choir, and piano)

''La Region Mas Transparente'' (flute and piano)

''Basso Continuo I'' (2 clarinets)

''La Vida Misma'' (piano, violin, cello and percussion)'

Orchestra

1984 ''Canciones remotas for string orchestra''

''Symphonie No. 1'' (orchester)

''Remembrances'' (orchester)

''Anima Latina'' (Orchester)

''Cadence Quatuor en Ré''

Orchestra with other solo instruments

1972 ''Balada, concierto para flauta y orquesta de cuerdas'' (flute und orchester)

1972 ''Concierto para violín y orquesta'' (violin and orchester)

1981 ''Cancion de Gesta (For the Boat Loaded with the Future)'' (symphonic windorchester with piano)

Choir

''Canciones Amatorias (para coro mixto, sobre textos de Federico García Lorca y José Hernández)'' (for SATB-choir)

Scores

He composed music for the sound track of the celebrated Mexican movie Como Agua Para Chocolate (1992). He composed the orchestral score for Vicente Amigo's flamenco album, Poeta.

Original score for the cuban film La Última Cena (The Last Supper), directed by Tomás Gutiérrez Alea

References

Andy Daly, ''Leo Brouwer''. Music Web International, accessed June 9, 2011

External links

Leo Brouwer at AfriClassical.com

Publishers

Chester Music and Novello & Company

Recordings

De Bach a Los Beatles (EGREM)

La obra guitarrística de Leo Brouwer. Vol. I. Brouwer por Brouwer. (EGREM)

La obra guitarrística de Leo Brouwer. Vol. II. Brouwer intérprete. (EGREM)

La obra guitarrística de Leo Brouwer. Vol. III. Re-creaciones. (EGREM)

La obra guitarrística de Leo Brouwer. Vol. IV. Conciertos para guitarra y orquesta. (EGREM)

La obra guitarrística de Leo Brouwer. Vol. V. Brouwer por los maestros Rey Guerra y Joaquín Clerch. (EGREM)

La obra guitarrística de Leo Brouwer. Vol. VI. Presencia en el Festival Internacional de guitarra... (EGREM)

La obra guitarrística de Leo Brouwer. Vol. VII. Ensambles con guitarras. (EGREM)

La obra guitarrística de Leo Brouwer. Vol. VIII. Actuaciones memorables. (EGREM)

Rara (Deutsche Grammophon) (from LP: Musique Contemporaine pour guitare, also includes a subset (the modern works) from Debut - Leo Brouwer, Gitarre)

Hans Werner Henze: El Cimarrón (Deutsche Grammophon)

Leo Brouwer & Orquesta de Cordoba (GHA)

Pierri and Russell with Brouwer Acerca del cielo, el aire y la sonrisa (HOMA dream, HR1050 / 2,400JPY)

Leo Brouwer Collection Vol.1-6 (Frame)

Homoludens Brouwer with Chucho Valdés & Silvio Rodríguez (Producciones Colibrí CD-024—Instituto Cubano de la Música)

Leo Brouwer - GuitArt Quartet Works for four guitars

Penny Lane - Leo and Ichiro with Ichiro Suzuki (鈴木一郎 or バルセロナ）(Camerata Tokyo) (original LP cover / Liner Notes)

Leo Brouwer (Select Collection Classique)

Scarlatti: Douze Sonates (Erato) (original LP cover / Liner Notes)

The Classics of Cuba (Erato)

Films

List of films with music portions or whole soundtracks by Leo Brouwer

"LEO BROUWER" (2000). Documentary (35mm- 57 min). Written and Directed by JOSE PADRON. Co-Production ICAIC (Cuba), SGAE and Fundacion Autor de la Sociedad General de Autores y Editores de España (SGAE).

"LEO BROUWER-IRAKERE" (1978). Documentary (35mm-24 min). Written and Directed by JOSE PADRON. Production Instituto Cubano del Arte e Industria Cinematograficos (ICAIC).

Videos

Leo Brouwer - Diario Italico with GuitArt Quartet (2001)

Homoludens - DVD

"LEO BROUWER" is the most important and complete documentary of the life and work of Leo Brouwer. It was written and directed by the Cuban film maker JOSE PADRÓN between 1996 and 2000. The film was the result of a co-production between the Instituto Cubano del Arte e Industria Cinematográficos (ICAIC), the Sociedad General de Autores y Editores de España (SGAE=, and the Fundación Autor of SGAE. The master negative was produced in 35mm with a duration of 57 minutes. ICAIC distributes it in private copies in the original Spanish as well as those with English sub-titles.

"LEO BROUWER-IRAKERE" documents an exceptional concert that sought to break the barrier between classical and popular music (Havana, 1978). Thus, it brought together for the first time Leo Brouwer -considered at the time one of the world´s most important guitar soloists - and the Afro-Cuban jazz group IRAKERE. The group, winner of a GRAMMY in 1978, and the # 1 ranking Latino jazz band, includes trumpeter Arturo Sandoval, saxophonist Paquito de Rivera, and pianist Chucho Valdés. The event brought together other stars as well. The film was written and directed by Cuban film maker JOSE PADRÓN between 1978 and 1979. Production was by the Instituto Cubano del Arte e Industria Cinematográficos(ICAIC). The master negative was produced in 35mm with a duration of 24 minutes. ICAIC distributes it in private copies in the original Spanish as well as those with English sub-titles, together with the documentary "LEO BROUWER" of 57 minutes duration.

"FICTION WITHOUT FICTION" is a 30-minute version of the 57-minute documentary "LEO BROUWER. It summarizes the life and work of Leo Brouwer, and was written directed by Cuban film maker JOSE PADRÓN in 2002, and produced by PADRÓN himself with collaboration of the Instituto Cubano del Arte e Industria Cinematográficos (ICAIC). The master negative was produced in 35mm, but was edited in AVID. ICAIC distributes it in private copies in the original Spanish as well as those with English sub-titles.

Articles

Hablar con Leo

Cosmology in sounds (on Leo Brouwer's "La Espiral Eterna") by Eduardo Fernández

Let us play for our children A Reappraisal - for the Guitar Tutor (Clive Kronenberg, www.guitarramagazine.com)

Hombre que juega Pedro de la Hoz, 2004 (Granma)

Córdoba's wiki ">Maiden concert of The Cordoba Orchestra conducted by Leo Brouwer (1992) - in the Cordobapedia, the city of Córdoba's wiki

El Decameron Negro by Arnaud Dumond

Interviews

1 2 ''Entretiens avec Leo Brouwer'' by Arnaud Dumond, Françoise-Emmanuelle Denis ¿Qué Hacer Con La Música Popular Cubana? by Jaime Sarusky (Grupo de Experimentación Sonora del ICAIC), 2004 (Revista Revolución y Cultura)

An Interview With Leo Brouwer by Constance McKenna, 1988 Guitar Review, No. 75

Leo Brouwer Artist Profile/Interview Classical Guitar Alive! (mp3)

Leo Brouwer y su aportación a la composición guitarrística de Vanguardia Carolina Queipo Gutirrez , 2002 (guitarra.artelinkado)

Bibliography

''Leo Brouwer'' by Isabelle Hernández. (Andante. Editora Musical de Cuba) ISBN 959-7153-01-7

''Gajes del oficio'' by Leo Brouwer

Biography

Biography (also in Spanish and French)

Afro-Cuban Composer, Guitarist & Conductor (also in French)

Biography (Cubacine)

Leo Brouwer at the Mikulov Guitar Festival 2008 (tracktime 8:40 - 17:55) - video by Česká televize

Category:Cuban composers Category:21st-century classical composers Category:Cuban film score composers Category:Composers for the classical guitar Category:Cuban classical guitarists Category:1939 births Category:Living people Category:The Hartt School alumni Category:Juilliard School alumni Category:Latin Grammy Award winners

cs:Leo Brouwer de:Leo Brouwer es:Leo Brouwer fr:Leo Brouwer it:Leo Brouwer nl:Leo Brouwer (musicus) ja:レオ・ブローウェル pl:Leo Brouwer pt:Leo Brouwer ru:Брауэр, Лео fi:Leo Brouwer sv:Leo Brouwer zh:莱奥·布劳威尔

Humberto Solás (14 December 1941 - 18 September 2008) was a Cuban film director, credited with directing the classic film ''Lucía'' (1968), which explored the lives of Cuban women during different periods in Cuban history.

His cinematic style borrows from Luchino Visconti's spectacular mise en scene and is permeated by sometimes heavy melodrama. He started making shorts at a very young age, before directing his first medium length film ''Manuela'', in 1966. The success of this film led him to direct ''Lucía'', an ambitious period piece told in three stories in different moments of Cuban history, all as seen through the eyes of a different woman, each named Lucia. He later directed many different projects with a degree of success, but he never matched again the international acclaim of his first feature.

Solás has won 13 awards for filmmaking and been nominated for an additional 9. He has twice served on the jury at the Berlin International Film Festival, in 1977 and 1997. In 2003, he founded Gibara's Poor Cinema Festival, "open to filmmakers with limited funds". Solás was awarded Cuba's National Film Prize in 2005.

Humberto Solás died of cancer on September 18, 2008, at the age of 66.

Filmography

Solás directed twenty-four films, from ''La Huida'' in 1959 to ''Barrio Cuba'' and ''Adela'' in 2005, wrote twelve and produced one. The following is an incomplete filmography:

1958: ''La Huida''

1963: ''El refrato'' (short) 1964: ''El Acoso'' (short)

1966: ''Manuela''

1968: ''Lucía''

1972: ''Un dia de noviembre'' 1975: ''Cantata de Chile'' 1981: ''Cecilia''

1986: ''Un hombre de exito''

1991: ''El siglo de las Luces'' 2001: ''Miel para Oshun'' 2005: ''Barrio Cuba''

2005: ''Adela''

References

External links

The Independent: Humberto Solas: Director who told the stories of Cuba's struggles under Castro

Category:1941 births Category:2008 deaths Category:Cuban film directors Category:Cancer deaths in Cuba

de:Humberto Solás es:Humberto Solás fa:اومبرتو سولاس pt:Humberto Solás