Candle

A candle is an ignitable wick embedded in wax or another flammable solid substance such as tallow that provides light, and in some cases, a fragrance. It can also be used to provide heat, or used as a method of keeping time.

A candle manufacturer is traditionally known as a chandler. Various devices have been invented to hold candles, from simple tabletop candle holders to elaborate chandeliers.

For a candle to burn, a heat source (commonly a naked flame) is used to light the candle's wick, which melts and vaporizes a small amount of fuel (the wax). Once vaporized, the fuel combines with oxygen in the atmosphere to ignite and form a constant flame. This flame provides sufficient heat to keep the candle burning via a self-sustaining chain of events: the heat of the flame melts the top of the mass of solid fuel; the liquefied fuel then moves upward through the wick via capillary action; the liquefied fuel finally vaporizes to burn within the candle's flame.

As the mass of solid fuel is melted and consumed, the candle becomes shorter. Portions of the wick that are not emitting vaporized fuel are consumed in the flame. The incineration of the wick limits the exposed length of the wick, thus maintaining a constant burning temperature and rate of fuel consumption. Some wicks require regular trimming with scissors (or a specialized wick trimmer), usually to about one-quarter inch (~0.7 cm), to promote slower, steady burning, and also to prevent smoking. In early times, the wick needed to be trimmed quite frequently. Special candle-scissors, referred to as "snuffers" were produced for this purpose in the 20th century and were often combined with an extinguisher. In modern candles, the wick is constructed so that it curves over as it burns. This ensures that the end of the wick gets oxygen and is then consumed by fire—a self-trimming wick.

State

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Yankee Candle

The Yankee Candle Company (referred to often in colloquial speech simply as Yankee Candle) is an American manufacturer and retailer of scented candles, candleholders, accessories, and dinnerware. Its products are sold by thousands of gift shops nationwide, through catalogs, and online, and in nearly 50 countries around the world. The company operates about 560 small-box format stores, located in malls across all fifty 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and nine locations in Ontario, Canada. The company is headquartered in South Deerfield, Massachusetts.

The company was started in 1969 and has been owned by Madison Dearborn Partners since 2007. The Jarden Corporation agreed to buy candle maker Yankee Candle for $1.75 billion in the fall of 2013.

History

Yankee Candle Company was started in South Hadley, Massachusetts when Michael Kittredge, originally from Holyoke, Massachusetts, created his first scented candle, Christmas 1969, from melted crayons as a gift for his mother. Neighbors began expressing interest in buying his creations, and Kittredge began producing them in larger quantities. The company itself was founded with help from Donald MacIver and Susan Obremski, who were high school friends with Kittredge. MacIver helped fund the start-up business with earnings from his part-time job. Candle production grew considerably after Obremski's father devised a "heated room", which enabled cost-saving liquid wax deliveries at the first factory site in Holyoke. Obremski's invention of a turntable taper wheel allowed production to double, while at the same time decreasing the need for more labor hours. In 1975, she managed the first Yankee Candle Shop located where the Village Commons, where South Hadley now stands.

J. Ralph

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Josh Ralph — usually credited as J. Ralph — (born 1975) is an American composer, producer, singer/songwriter and social activist. His professional career began when he was signed to Atlantic Records at the age of 22 as a recording artist. He is the founder of the music production company The Rumor Mill, and has written and produced the music for numerous artists and has received a number of Grammy and Academy Awards. His music has sold more than 10 million records world wide and has charted in over 22 countries.

Music career

Described by The Hollywood Reporter as the "go-to producer of documentary film scores", J. Ralph has mostly produced music for documentaries. Over the last seven years, he has written and produced the music for six Oscar nominated documentary feature films including Man on Wire (2009),The Cove (2010),Hell and Back Again (2012),Chasing Ice (2013),Finding Vivian Maier (2015), and Virunga (2015). For his contribution to Chasing Ice, J. Ralph received an Oscar nomination for his song "Before My Time", performed by Scarlett Johansson and Joshua Bell. It remains one of only six songs (along with his song Manta Ray from Racing Extinction 2015) from a documentary ever to be nominated for an Oscar. Additionally J. Ralph is the first composer in Academy Award's history to write and produce the original music for multiple Oscar nominated documentary films in the same year.

THG

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