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![Hannover 96 Vs Manchester United 3-4 - All Goals & Match Highlights - August 11 2012 - [HQ]](http://web.archive.org./web/20130515181933im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/KL61WE1lMNo/default.jpg "Hannover 96 3-4 Man Utd 08.11.2012 11.08.2012 Artur Sobiech Goal 25 Javier Hernandez Goal 31 Karim Haggui Goal 48 Mohammed Abdellaoue Goal 65 Wayne Rooney Go...")
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Raj Thackeray speech at Azad Maidan against August 11 violence
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 19:08
- Updated: 12 May 2013
MNS chief Raj Thackeray today (21 August, 2012) called the rally from Girgaum Chowpatty to Azad Maidan, to protest the violence on August 11 and alleged fail...
http://wn.com/Raj_Thackeray_speech_at_Azad_Maidan_against_August_11_violence
MNS chief Raj Thackeray today (21 August, 2012) called the rally from Girgaum Chowpatty to Azad Maidan, to protest the violence on August 11 and alleged fail...
(August 2001) Nick Jr. Commercial Break 11/13
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:04
- Updated: 01 May 2013
Aired after Blue's Clues. Here is the list. 0:03-Nick Jr. Sings "Colors" 0:53-Nick Jr. Face "One Two Three Four" 1:04-Nick Jr. New Season Promo (9/3/2001) 1:...
http://wn.com/August_2001_Nick_Jr_Commercial_Break_11_13
Aired after Blue's Clues. Here is the list. 0:03-Nick Jr. Sings "Colors" 0:53-Nick Jr. Face "One Two Three Four" 1:04-Nick Jr. New Season Promo (9/3/2001) 1:...
- published: 12 Dec 2012
- views: 30276
- author: statefairshows
Huge UFO Orb Fleet in Vaucluse, France August 11, 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:06
- Updated: 25 Apr 2013
http://wn.com/Huge_UFO_Orb_Fleet_in_Vaucluse,_France_August_11,_2012
Zurich Airport
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 27:00
- Updated: 07 May 2013
Recorded August 11 and August 23, 2011: Video begins with my Swiss Air flight's final approach and landing at the Zurich Airport. There are then some shots o...
http://wn.com/Zurich_Airport
Recorded August 11 and August 23, 2011: Video begins with my Swiss Air flight's final approach and landing at the Zurich Airport. There are then some shots o...
- published: 28 Sep 2011
- views: 165015
- author: hoosiertim
Musharraf flees after court orders arrest
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:12
- Updated: 29 Apr 2013
Islamabad, April 18 (IANS) Former Pakistan president Pervez Musharraf Thursday made a dramatic escape from the Islamabad High Court Thursday after the court ...
http://wn.com/Musharraf_flees_after_court_orders_arrest
Islamabad, April 18 (IANS) Former Pakistan president Pervez Musharraf Thursday made a dramatic escape from the Islamabad High Court Thursday after the court ...
- published: 18 Apr 2013
- author: 77bakimci
8/11/2012 -- Louisiana Sink Hole Explained -- POSSIBLE HUGE CATASTROPHE
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:05
- Updated: 14 May 2013
subscribe to my channel here -- http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=dutchsinse -- Covering Earth Changes news, volcanoes, earthquakes, weathe...
http://wn.com/8_11_2012_-_Louisiana_Sink_Hole_Explained_-_POSSIBLE_HUGE_CATASTROPHE
subscribe to my channel here -- http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=dutchsinse -- Covering Earth Changes news, volcanoes, earthquakes, weathe...
- published: 11 Aug 2012
- author: dutchsinse
Hannover 96 Vs Manchester United 3-4 - All Goals & Match Highlights - August 11 2012 - [HQ]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:36
- Updated: 14 May 2013
Hannover 96 3-4 Man Utd 08.11.2012 11.08.2012 Artur Sobiech Goal 25 Javier Hernandez Goal 31 Karim Haggui Goal 48 Mohammed Abdellaoue Goal 65 Wayne Rooney Go...
http://wn.com/Hannover_96_Vs_Manchester_United_3-4_All_Goals_Match_Highlights_August_11_2012_HQ_
Hannover 96 3-4 Man Utd 08.11.2012 11.08.2012 Artur Sobiech Goal 25 Javier Hernandez Goal 31 Karim Haggui Goal 48 Mohammed Abdellaoue Goal 65 Wayne Rooney Go...
- published: 11 Aug 2012
- author: ShivDes357
This Week In Review August 11, 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:13
- Updated: 11 Aug 2012
http://wn.com/This_Week_In_Review_August_11,_2012
Full GOP Debate in Ames, Iowa - Aug. 11, 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 109:56
- Updated: 30 Apr 2013
Free email updates: http://www.RonPaul.com/welcome.php Please like, share, subscribe & comment! http://www.RonPaul.com 08/11/2011 -- Ron Paul is America's le...
http://wn.com/Full_GOP_Debate_in_Ames,_Iowa_Aug_11,_2011
Free email updates: http://www.RonPaul.com/welcome.php Please like, share, subscribe & comment! http://www.RonPaul.com 08/11/2011 -- Ron Paul is America's le...
- published: 12 Aug 2011
- views: 206946
- author: RonPaul2008dotcom
Winnipeg Goldeyes vs. Wichita Wingnuts - August 11, 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 176:33
- Updated: 18 Aug 2012
The Winnipeg Goldeyes combined great pitching with some timely hitting late in the game and ended up winning a series from the Wichita Wingnuts. On Saturday ...
http://wn.com/Winnipeg_Goldeyes_vs_Wichita_Wingnuts_August_11,_2012
The Winnipeg Goldeyes combined great pitching with some timely hitting late in the game and ended up winning a series from the Wichita Wingnuts. On Saturday ...
- published: 12 Aug 2012
- views: 431
- author: ibn Goldeyes
Srimad Bhagavatam Class - 11 August 2012 @ ISKCON Chicago
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 70:15
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
Srimad Bhagavatam Class - 11 August 2012 @ ISKCON Chicago.
http://wn.com/Srimad_Bhagavatam_Class_11_August_2012_@_ISKCON_Chicago
Srimad Bhagavatam Class - 11 August 2012 @ ISKCON Chicago.
- published: 11 Aug 2012
- views: 149
- author: kishorekishori
Gray Whale in the Klamath River, August 11, 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:15
- Updated: 06 Oct 2011
After approximately 54 days of fascinating scientists and tourists alike, the female gray whale that entered the Klamath River in late June has died. Scienti...
http://wn.com/Gray_Whale_in_the_Klamath_River,_August_11,_2011
After approximately 54 days of fascinating scientists and tourists alike, the female gray whale that entered the Klamath River in late June has died. Scienti...
- published: 15 Aug 2011
- views: 798
- author: NOAAOceanMediaCenter
Informasjon - 11. August @Ridder7NO #Ridder7
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:49
- Updated: 24 Apr 2013
R7 LIVE ER TILBAKE 20. JULI --- Sett alarm på mobilen din til 20. Juli kl. 20:00 Link til direktesending: http://youtube.com/watch?v=pvtebKGbnYA.
http://wn.com/Informasjon_11_August_@Ridder7NO_Ridder7
R7 LIVE ER TILBAKE 20. JULI --- Sett alarm på mobilen din til 20. Juli kl. 20:00 Link til direktesending: http://youtube.com/watch?v=pvtebKGbnYA.
- published: 11 Aug 2012
- views: 187
- author: Ridder7
UFC 150 - Ben Henderson vs Frankie Edgar 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:21
- Updated: 06 May 2013
UFC 150 - Henderson vs Edgar II August 11, 2012 Denver, Colorado Pepsi Center MAIN CARD (Pay-Per-View, 10 p.m. ET) Champ Benson Henderson vs. Frankie Edgar (...
http://wn.com/UFC_150_Ben_Henderson_vs_Frankie_Edgar_2
UFC 150 - Henderson vs Edgar II August 11, 2012 Denver, Colorado Pepsi Center MAIN CARD (Pay-Per-View, 10 p.m. ET) Champ Benson Henderson vs. Frankie Edgar (...
- published: 28 Jul 2012
- views: 62034
- author: bigmanbud
Volleyball - Women Gold Final BRA-USA - London 2012 Olympic Games
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 173:45
- Updated: 29 Nov 2012
VO40 - Women - Gold Final BRA-USA - Volleyball - 11 August 2012 - London 2012 Olympic Games.
http://wn.com/Volleyball_Women_Gold_Final_BRA-USA_London_2012_Olympic_Games
VO40 - Women - Gold Final BRA-USA - Volleyball - 11 August 2012 - London 2012 Olympic Games.
- published: 25 Jul 2012
- views: 167494
- author: olympic
August 10, 2012 11:31
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:26
- Updated: 25 Apr 2013
This video was uploaded from an Android phone.
http://wn.com/August_10,_2012_1131
August 9, 2012 11:38
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:35
- Updated: 25 Apr 2013
This video was uploaded from an Android phone.
http://wn.com/August_9,_2012_1138
Pakistan's first Communications Satellite PAKSAT-1R launched - August 11, 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:21
- Updated: 07 May 2013
PAF s' Multimedia http://paffalcons.com/multimedia/index.php Pakistan's first Communications Satellite PAKSAT-1R, as a part of Pakistan's Space Programme 204...
http://wn.com/Pakistan's_first_Communications_Satellite_PAKSAT-1R_launched_August_11,_2011
PAF s' Multimedia http://paffalcons.com/multimedia/index.php Pakistan's first Communications Satellite PAKSAT-1R, as a part of Pakistan's Space Programme 204...
- published: 15 Aug 2011
- author: Salman Haider
MEXICO vs BRASIL -- Final -- Agosto 11, 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:46
- Updated: 12 May 2013
Mi Blog http://teleesp3ctador.blogspot.mx/
http://wn.com/MEXICO_vs_BRASIL_-_Final_-_Agosto_11,_2012
Mi Blog http://teleesp3ctador.blogspot.mx/
- published: 11 Aug 2012
- views: 1572305
- author: lNMERSOENLARED
Barack Obama on his own conception, August 11, 1995
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:01
- Updated: 15 Apr 2013
Barack Obama directly addresses the question of his own conception in this short excerpt from the half-hour "Lost Obama Interview," produced by Etopia News' ...
http://wn.com/Barack_Obama_on_his_own_conception,_August_11,_1995
Barack Obama directly addresses the question of his own conception in this short excerpt from the half-hour "Lost Obama Interview," produced by Etopia News' ...
- published: 04 Aug 2009
- views: 18006
- author: etopianews
Vete a la Versh - Temporada 2, Episodio 9: La Leyenda de Melda - Parte 3
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:01
- Updated: 12 May 2013
Sitio Oficial: http://www.vetealaversh.com Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/vetealavershoficial Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/vetealaversh.
http://wn.com/Vete_a_la_Versh_Temporada_2,_Episodio_9_La_Leyenda_de_Melda_Parte_3
Sitio Oficial: http://www.vetealaversh.com Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/vetealavershoficial Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/vetealaversh.
- published: 08 Nov 2012
- views: 8879132
- author: vetealaversha
janamashtmi celebration 10 august 2012 prashant vihar(rohini) delhi-11
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:19
- Updated: 25 Apr 2013
http://wn.com/janamashtmi_celebration_10_august_2012_prashant_viharrohini_delhi-11
August 11, 2011 - ALWAYS - (Just to share love!)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:15
- Updated: 30 Apr 2013
Notes for the Soul since 2003! Join 1.4 M on FB!: https://www.facebook.com/apoemaday Offer the gift of love & self-help: Get book # 1 at: https://www.creates...
http://wn.com/August_11,_2011_ALWAYS_Just_to_share_love!
Notes for the Soul since 2003! Join 1.4 M on FB!: https://www.facebook.com/apoemaday Offer the gift of love & self-help: Get book # 1 at: https://www.creates...
- published: 10 Aug 2011
- views: 536
- author: Jean Mercier
photo: AP / Koji Sasahara
14 May 2013
The Japanese military's forced prostitution of Asian women before and during World War II was necessary to "maintain discipline" in the ranks and provide rest for soldiers, an outspoken nationalist mayor has said ... "To maintain discipline in the military, it must have been necessary at that time," said Hashimoto ... Explaining polling process in the May 11 vote for national and provincial assemblies across the nation of 182 million ... News ... ....(size: 8.3Kb)
photo: AP / Abdukareem Haruna
15 May 2013
Nigeria's President Goodluck Jonathan has acknowledged that parts of Borno state have been 'taken over' by insurgents. (AFP). More Coverage. The insurgents, who say they are fighting to create an Islamic state in the north, have carried out scores of attacks since 2009 but Jonathan said the violence can no longer be treated as "militancy or criminality" ... Previous decree ... Jonathan vowed that he would not employ that measure ... ....(size: 3.4Kb)
photo: AP / FSB Public Relations Center
14 May 2013
MOSCOW — Russia’s Federal Security Service announced Tuesday that it had detained an agent of the Central Intelligence Agency during an attempt to recruit a Russian agent, saying the American had brought a large sum of cash, technical devices and “appearance disguising means.”. Connect With Us on Twitter. Follow @nytimesworld for international breaking news and headlines. Twitter List. Reporters and Editors ... Fogle....(size: 6.8Kb)
photo: AP / Lens Young Homsi
14 May 2013
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. "If there were dreams to sell, what would you buy?" Thomas Lovell Beddoes. Like bloodthirsty vultures circling overhead above the regional and global Israeli-Syrian Crisis, domino theories and utopian ideologies are again ready to pounce on and gorge themselves with their next victims ... But as domino theories and utopian states end in ruin, eventually, so too may Israel ... South Vietnam....(size: 5.8Kb)
photo: Creative Commons / Takoradee
13 May 2013
Eating more insects could help fight world hunger, according to a new UN report. The report by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization says that eating insects could help boost nutrition and reduce pollution. It notes than over 2 billion people worldwide already supplement their diet with insects. However it admits that "consumer disgust" remains a large barrier in many Western countries ... Nutritional value ... Delicacies....(size: 2.4Kb)
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noodls
15 May 2013
(Source ... The leading votegetter in each of the remaining three months will be made public in the countdown to the unveiling of the Fred Hoysted Medallist at August's Victorian Thoroughbred Racing Awards ... Fred Hoysted Medal Finalists (August 2012 - April 2013). April 2013 ... August. Pat Hyland- For preparing up-and-coming sprinter Shanghai Warrior to record a dominant win the Group 3 Aurie's Star Handicap (1200m) at Flemington on August 11....(size: 4.7Kb)
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noodls
15 May 2013
(Source. University of Central Arkansas). Heather E. Hinesley from Conway and Jared M. Cronk from Cabot, both Sophomore Music Education majors from UCA, have been chosen to participate in Drum Corps International (DCI) for the summer of 2013 ... This tour begins the end of May and wraps up August 11, following the National DCI Championships in Indianapolis, Ind. at the Lucas Oil Stadium on August 10 ... Read more ... distributed by ... (noodl. 18623078) ....(size: 2.8Kb)
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The Times of India
15 May 2013
After entertaining audiences in films like 'Singh Is Kinng' and comic TV series like 'Office Office', Manoj Pahwa is all set to debut in Punjabi film industry. Playing the role of Bhuchi Badmash in the underproduction film, Heer & Hero, Manoj says he was sold to the idea of playing this character, which is why he agreed for a Punjabi film ... FEATURED ARTICLES ... More. ... August 11, 2008 ... ... ... ... ... ....(size: 2.2Kb)
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The Examiner
15 May 2013
The modern-day Bonnie and Clyde tale runs through August 4, 2013 at Books on Vernon, 664 Vernon Ave., in Glencoe. For tickets and more information on The Liar and Yellow Moon, visit www.writerstheatre.org ... Under the direction of Associate Director Rueben Echoles, Cooley High’s Rick Stone stars in the production which runs through August 11, 2013 at the new Black Ensemble Theater Cultural Center on 4450 N. Clark Street ... in Chicago ... Tweet ... ....(size: 6.5Kb)
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San Francisco Chronicle
15 May 2013
Program features ancestral pueblo pottery replication and experimental archaeology. Cortez, CO (PRWEB) May 15, 2013. The timeless beauty of ancestral Pueblo pottery reflects the skill and craftsmanship of an ancient people who thrived in the American Southwest for more than a thousand years ... 500 and 575. By the A.D ... Ancestral Pueblo Pottery Replication and Experimentation,” is set for August 11–17, 2013 ... Scholars for the seminar are.....(size: 2.8Kb)
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noodls
15 May 2013
(Source. Polaris Industries Inc). Highly Anticipated Details Make Clear that Authentic, Affordable Choice is Coming to American Motorcycles as Indian Motorcycle Makes its Debut at the World's Largest Motorcycle Event. MEDINA, Minn ... The new Indian Chief will be revealed at the 73rd annual Sturgis Motorcycle Rally in Sturgis, South Dakota, which runs August 3-11, 2013. Specific details on the launch timing will be announced this summer....(size: 5.9Kb)
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The Daily Beast
15 May 2013
Newsweek talks to the creators of today’s most addictive shows about what they’re doing to make sure we just can’t stop. By Andrew Romano. 0. Opinions. 0. Share. Prev Story. Next Story. The Revolution is being televised ... First you fall for a show, and then you watch it endlessly. Because you can. But that’s only half of the equation ... Breaking Bad, which is set to return for its final, brutal run of episodes on August 11. True Blood ... Homeland ... “Yes....(size: 33.5Kb)
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Orange News
14 May 2013
14 May 2013, 9.46 ... Tweet ... 2012. .. August 2/3 ... .. August 3 ... .. August 4 ... .. August 5 ... .. August 6 ... Police release a CCTV image of Tia taken at a Co-op store in New Addington at around 4.15pm on August 2, when she wearing similar clothes to when she was last seen. .. August 7 ... .. August 8 ... .. August 9 ... August 10 ... August 11 ... August 12 ... August 13 ... No plea is entered to the charge, which accuses him of murdering Tia between August 2 and 11 ... August 14 ... August 15....(size: 5.6Kb)
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noodls
14 May 2013
(Source. NPS - National Park Service). Date. May 13, 2013. Contact. Public Affairs Office, 307.739.3393. Eachyear, Grand Teton National Park sponsors a unique program that brings American Indian artists to the Colter Bay Visitor Center ... Guest artists exhibit daily from Monday through Sunday, 9 a.m ... Artists also offer their finished items for purchase. May 11-26. Willie & Debbie LaMere ... 4 ... August 5-11 ... August 12-18 ... August 19-25 ... August 26-Sept. 1....(size: 2.9Kb)
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The Examiner
14 May 2013
7.) Justin Hayward-Tarrytown Music Hall August 9, The Concert Hall, Manhattan August 10 and August 11 at Ridgefield Playhouse—The multi-talented and handsome frontman of the legendary iconic rock band, The Moody Blues, who penned the hits, "Nights in White Satin," and"Tuesday Afternoon" is on tour to promote his new solo venture, "Spirits of the Western Sky."....(size: 5.6Kb)
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noodls
14 May 2013
(Source. National Gallery of Art). Release Date. May 14, 2013. Summer Lecture Program Celebrates Kerry James Marshall, New Books by Noted Authors, and More ... To celebrate In the Tower ... The Gallery's annual summer series by staff lecturers also explores themes of the exhibition with lectures every Sunday from July 7 through August 11 ... Phaidon Focus ... Public Symposium ... Saturday, June 1, 11.00 a.m.-3.30 p.m ... August 18 ... August 25 ... August 4 ... August 11....(size: 6.9Kb)
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August 11 is the 223rd day of the year (224th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 142 days remaining until the end of the year.
Contents |
Events[link]
- 3114 BC – The Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, used by several pre-Columbian Mesoamerican civilizations, notably the Mayans, begins.
- 2492 BC – Traditional date of the defeat of Bel by Hayk, progenitor and founder of the Armenian nation.
- 106 – The south-western part of Dacia (modern Romania) becomes a Roman province: Roman Dacia.
- 355 – Claudius Silvanus, accused of treason, proclaims himself Roman Emperor against Constantius II.
- 490 – Battle of Adda: The Goths under Theodoric the Great and his ally Alaric II defeat the forces of Odoacer on the Adda River, near Milan.
- 1332 – Wars of Scottish Independence: Battle of Dupplin Moor – Scots under Domhnall II, Earl of Mar are routed by Edward Balliol.
- 1675 – Franco-Dutch War: forces of the Holy Roman Empire defeat the French in the Battle of Konzer Brücke.
- 1786 – Captain Francis Light establishes the British colony of Penang in Malaysia.
- 1804 – Francis II assumes the title of first Emperor of Austria.
- 1812 – Peninsular War: French troops engage British-Portuguese forces in the Battle of Majadahonda.
- 1858 – The Eiger in the Bernese Alps is ascended for the first time by Charles Barrington accompanied by Christian Almer and Peter Bohren.
- 1898 – Spanish-American War: American troops enter the city of Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
- 1918 – World War I: the Battle of Amiens ends.
- 1919 – The constitution of the Weimar Republic is adopted.
- 1920 – The Latvian–Soviet Peace Treaty, which relinquished Russia's authority and pretenses to Latvia, is signed, ending the Latvian War of Independence.
- 1929 – Babe Ruth becomes the first baseball player to hit 500 home runs in his career with a home run at League Park in Cleveland, Ohio.
- 1934 – The first civilian prisoners arrive at the Federal prison on Alcatraz Island.
- 1942 – Actress Hedy Lamarr and composer George Antheil receive a patent for a frequency hopping, spread spectrum communication system that later became the basis for modern technologies in wireless telephones and Wi-Fi.
- 1947 – Muhammad Ali Jinnah, founding father of Pakistan, gives a speech to the Constituent Assembly, the contents and meaning of which remain contentious today.
- 1952 – Hussein bin Talal is proclaimed King of Jordan.
- 1959 – Sheremetyevo International Airport, the second-largest airport in Russia, opens.
- 1960 – Chad declares independence.
- 1961 – The former Portuguese territories in India of Dadra and Nagar Haveli are merged to create the Union Territory Dadra and Nagar Haveli.
- 1965 – Race riots (the Watts riots) begin in the Watts area of Los Angeles, California.
- 1972 – Vietnam War: the last United States ground combat unit leaves South Vietnam.
- 1975 – East Timor: Governor Mário Lemos Pires of Portuguese Timor abandons the capital Dili, following a coup by the Timorese Democratic Union (UDT) and the outbreak of civil war between UDT and Fretilin.
- 1982 – A bomb explodes on Pan Am Flight 830, en route from Tokyo to Honolulu, killing one teenager and injuring 15 passengers.
- 1984 – "We begin bombing in five minutes" - United States President Ronald Reagan, while running for re-election, jokes while preparing to make his weekly Saturday address on National Public Radio.
- 1999 – The Salt Lake City Tornado tears through the downtown district of the city, killing one.
- 2003 – NATO takes over command of the peacekeeping force in Afghanistan, marking its first major operation outside Europe in its 54-year-history.
- 2003 – Jemaah Islamiyah leader Riduan Isamuddin, better known as Hambali, is arrested in Bangkok, Thailand.
Births[link]
- 1467 – Mary of York, English princess (d. 1482)
- 1648 – Jeremiah Shepard, American minister (d. 1720)
- 1667 – Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici, Italian princess (d. 1743)
- 1673 – Richard Mead, English physician (d. 1754)
- 1718 – Sir Frederick Haldimand, Swiss-born English colonial governor (d. 1791)
- 1722 – Richard Brocklesby, English physician (d. 1797)
- 1748 – Joseph Schuster, German composer (d. 1812)
- 1778 – Friedrich Ludwig Jahn, Prussian nationalist (d. 1852)
- 1794 – James Barton Longacre, American engraver (d. 1869)
- 1807 – David Rice Atchison, American politician (d. 1886)
- 1808 – William W. Chapman, American politician (d. 1892)
- 1825 – István Türr, Hungarian soldier and engineer (d. 1908)
- 1833 – Robert G. Ingersoll, American politician and soldier (d. 1899)
- 1833 – Kido Takayoshi, Japanese politician (d. 1877)
- 1836 – Warren Brown, American politician (d. 1919)
- 1837 – Marie François Sadi Carnot, French statesman (d. 1894)
- 1855 – John Hodges, Australian cricketer (d. 1933)
- 1858 – Christiaan Eijkman, Dutch physician, Nobel laureate (d. 1930)
- 1860 – Ottó Bláthy, Hungarian electrical engineer (d. 1939)
- 1870 – Tom Richardson, English cricketer (d. 1912)
- 1872 – Kijūrō Shidehara, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1951)
- 1877 – Adolph M. Christianson, American judge (d. 1954)
- 1878 – Oliver W F Lodge, English poet and writer (d. 1955)
- 1891 – Stancho Belkovski, Bulgarian architect and lecturer (d. 1962)
- 1892 – Eiji Yoshikawa, Japanese novelist (d. 1962)
- 1892 – Hugh MacDiarmid, Scottish poet (d. 1978)
- 1892 – Archie Wiles, West Indian cricketer (d. 1957)
- 1897 – Louise Bogan, American poet (d. 1970)
- 1897 – Enid Blyton, English author (d. 1968)
- 1900 – Philip Phillips, American archaeologist (d. 1994)
- 1902 – Alfredo Binda, Italian cyclist (d. 1986)
- 1902 – Lloyd Nolan, American actor (d. 1985)
- 1905 – Erwin Chargaff, Austrian biochemist (d. 2002)
- 1907 – Ted a'Beckett, Australian cricketer (d. 1989)
- 1908 – Torgny Torgnysson Segerstedt, Swedish philosopher (d. 1999)
- 1909 – Yuji Koseki, Japanese composer (d. 1989)
- 1912 – Eva Ahnert-Rohlfs, German astronomer (d. 1954)
- 1912 – Thanom Kittikachorn, Prime Minister of Thailand (d. 2004)
- 1913 – Angus Wilson, English novelist (d. 1991)
- 1913 – Paul Dupuis, French Canadian actor (d. 1976)
- 1913 – Bob Scheffing, American baseball player and manager (d. 1985)
- 1914 – José Silva, American parapsychologist (d. 1999)
- 1916 – Johnny Claes, Belgian race car driver (d. 1956)
- 1919 – Ginette Neveu, French violinist (d. 1949)
- 1919 – Luis Olmo, Puerto Rican baseball player
- 1920 – Chuck Rayner, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2002)
- 1921 – Alex Haley, American historian (d. 1992)
- 1923 – Stan Chambers, American TV reporter
- 1925 – Mike Douglas, American entertainer (d. 2006)
- 1925 – Floyd Curry, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2006)
- 1926 – Aaron Klug, Lithuanian-born English chemist, Nobel Laureate
- 1926 – Claus von Bülow, Danish-born English socialite
- 1927 – Raymond Leppard, English conductor
- 1927 – Stuart Rosenberg, American director d. 2007
- 1928 – Arlene Dahl, American actress
- 1930 – Paul Soles, Canadian actor
- 1932 – Fernando Arrabal, Spanish writer
- 1932 – Peter Eisenman, American architect
- 1932 – Israel Harold "Izzy" Asper, Canadian attorney (d. 2003)
- 1932 – John Gorrie, English director
- 1933 – Jerry Falwell, American televangelist (d. 2007)
- 1933 – Jerzy Grotowski, Polish theatre director (d. 1999)
- 1936 – Andre Dubus, American writer (d. 1999)
- 1938 – Branko Stanovnik, Slovenian chemist
- 1939 – Ronnie Dawson, American musician (d. 2003)
- 1940 – Lennie Pond, American race car driver
- 1942 – Mike Hugg, English musician and vocalist (Manfred Mann)
- 1943 – Abigail Folger, American heiress (d. 1969)
- 1943 – Stefania Toczyska, Polish singer
- 1943 – Pervez Musharraf, Pakistani politician
- 1944 – Ian McDiarmid, Scottish actor
- 1944 – Frederick W. Smith, American entrepreneur
- 1946 – Marilyn vos Savant, American newspaper columnist
- 1946 – John Conlee, American singer
- 1947 – Georgios Karatzaferis, Greek politician
- 1948 – Jan Palach, Czechoslovakian activist (d. 1969)
- 1949 – Eric Carmen, American singer and guitarist (Raspberries)
- 1949 – Tim Hutchinson, American politician
- 1950 – Erik Brann, American guitarist (Iron Butterfly) (d. 2003)
- 1950 – Gennidy Nikonov, Russian engineer (d. 2003)
- 1950 – Steve Wozniak, American computer engineer
- 1950 – Elya Baskin, a Latvian born American actor
- 1951 – Vincent Bilodeau, Canadian actor and comedian
- 1952 – Manfred Krüger, German footballer
- 1952 – Bob Mothersbaugh AKA Bob 1, American guitarist (Devo)
- 1953 – Hulk Hogan, American professional wrestler
- 1954 – Joe Jackson, English singer
- 1954 – Juan Maria Solare, Argentine composer
- 1954 – Yashpal Sharma, Indian cricketer
- 1954 – Mottu Vara Narasimha Rao, Indian cricketer
- 1955 – Sylvia Hermon, English politician
- 1955 – Marc Bureau, Canadian politician
- 1956 – Pierre-Louis Lions, French mathematician
- 1957 – Ian Stuart Donaldson, English singer (Skrewdriver) (d. 1993)
- 1958 – Jah Wobble, English bassist
- 1959 – Gustavo Cerati, Argentinian musician (Soda Stereo)
- 1959 – Yoshiaki Murakami, Japanese investor
- 1959 – László Szlávics, Jr., Hungarian sculptor and medalist
- 1961 – David Brooks, American journalist and author
- 1961 – Craig Ehlo, American basketball player
- 1961 – Jukka Tapanimäki, Finnish game programmer (d. 2000)
- 1962 – Uvais Karnain, Sri Lankan cricketer
- 1962 – Ennis Whatley, American basketball player
- 1963 – Hiromi Makihara, Japanese baseball player
- 1964 – Jim Lee, Korean comic book artist
- 1964 – Nikki Randall, American pornographic actress
- 1964 – Miguel A. Núñez, Jr., American actor
- 1965 – Marc Bergevin, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1965 – Shinji Mikami, Japanese video game designer
- 1965 – Viola Davis, American actress
- 1965 – Embeth Davidtz, American actress
- 1965 – Duane Martin, American actor
- 1966 – Nigel Martyn, English footballer
- 1967 – Enrique Bunbury, Spanish singer
- 1967 – Eric Maleson, Brazilian bobsledder
- 1967 – Collin Chou, Taiwanese actor
- 1967 – Joe Rogan, American TV host and comedian
- 1968 – Noordin Mohammad Top, Malaysian terrorist (d. 2009)
- 1969 – Ashley Jensen, English actress
- 1970 – Dirk Hannemann, German footballer
- 1970 – Teresa Pavlinek, Canadian actress
- 1971 – Tommy Mooney, English football player
- 1971 – Alejandra Barros, Mexican actress
- 1971 – Julie Clarke, American model
- 1972 – Jonathon Prandi, American model
- 1973 – Nigel Harman, English actor
- 1973 – Carolyn Murphy, American model
- 1974 – Audrey Mestre, French diver (d. 2002)
- 1974 – Hadiqa Kiyani, Pakistani singer
- 1974 – Marie-France Dubreuil, Canadian figure skater
- 1974 – Kira Kener, American pornographic actress
- 1974 – Anju Jain, Indian cricketer
- 1975 – Davey von Bohlen, American musician (The Promise Ring, Maritime)
- 1976 – Iván Córdoba, Colombian footballer
- 1976 – Bubba Crosby, American baseball player
- 1976 – Will Friedle, American actor
- 1976 – Ben Gibbard, American musician (Death Cab for Cutie, The Postal Service)
- 1976 – Erick Lindgren, American poker player
- 1976 – Ľubomír Višňovský, Slovak ice hockey player
- 1977 – Dênio, Brazilian footballer
- 1977 – Gemma Hayes, Irish singer
- 1978 – Spyros Gogolos, Greek footballer
- 1978 – Amber Mariano, American reality TV personality
- 1978 – Jermain Taylor, American boxer
- 1979 – Aggeliki Daliani, Greek actress
- 1980 – Daniel Lloyd, English cyclist
- 1980 – Lee Suggs, American football player
- 1981 – Fiona Sit, Hong Kong singer and actress
- 1981 – Sandi Thom, Scottish singer
- 1982 – Alan Halsall, English actor
- 1982 – Wilko Risser, Namibian footballer
- 1983 – Chris Hemsworth, Australian actor
- 1984 – Melky Cabrera, Dominican baseball player
- 1984 – Lucas di Grassi, Brazilian racing driver
- 1984 – Katie Rees, American beauty pageant contestant
- 1985 – J-Boog, American singer (B2K)
- 1985 – Asher Roth, American rapper
- 1986 – Kaori Fukuhara, Japanese voice actress
- 1986 – Richard Keogh, Irish footballer
- 1986 – Pablo Sandoval, Venezuelan baseball player
- 1987 – Dany N'Guessan, French footballer
- 1987 – Drew Storen, American baseball player
- 1989 – Sebastian Huke, German footballer
- 1989 – Gui Gui, Taiwanese actress
- 1993 – Alyson Stoner, American actress and model
Deaths[link]
- 353 – Magnentius, Roman usurper (b. 303)
- 449 – Archbishop Flavian of Constantinople
- 897 – Wilfred the Hairy, Count of Barcelona
- 1204 – King Guttorm of Norway (b. 1199)
- 1259 – Möngke Khan, Great Khan of the Mongol Empire (b. c. 1208)
- 1456 – János Hunyadi, Regent of Hungary (b. 1387)
- 1464 – Nicholas of Cusa, German philosopher and mathematician (b. 1401)
- 1494 – Hans Memling, Flemish painter (b. c. 1430)
- 1519 – Johann Tetzel, German opponent of the Reformation (b. 1465)
- 1563 – Bartolomé de Escobedo, Spanish composer (b. c. 1500)
- 1578 – Pedro Nunes, Portuguese mathematician (b. 1502)
- 1596 – Hamnet Shakespeare, English son of William Shakespeare (b. 1585)
- 1614 – Lavinia Fontana, Italian painter (b. 1552)
- 1656 – Ottavio Piccolomini, Austrian-Italian field marshal (b. 1599)
- 1774 – Tiphaigne de la Roche, French writer (b. 1722)
- 1813 – Henry James Pye, English poet (b. 1745)
- 1851 – Lorenz Oken, German naturalist (b. 1779)
- 1854 – Macedonio Melloni, Italian physicist (b. 1798)
- 1868 – Halfdan Kjerulf, Norwegian composer (b. 1815)
- 1886 – Lydia Koidula, Estonian poet (b. 1843)
- 1890 – John Henry Newman, English cardinal (b. 1801)
- 1892 – Enrico Betti, Italian mathematician (b. 1813)
- 1903 – Eugenio Maria de Hostos, Puerto Rican educator and nationalist (b. 1839)
- 1908 – Khudiram Bose, Indian freedom fighter (b. 1889)
- 1919 – Andrew Carnegie, Scottish-born American industrialist and philanthropist (b. 1835)
- 1936 – Blas Infante, Spanish writer and politician (b. 1885)
- 1937 – Edith Wharton, American novelist and designer (b. 1862)
- 1939 – Jean Bugatti, Italian automobile designer (b. 1909)
- 1953 – Tazio Nuvolari, Italian race car driver (b. 1892)
- 1954 – Santo Trafficante, Sr., Sicilian-born American mobster (b. 1886)
- 1956 – Jackson Pollock, American artist (b. 1912)
- 1961 – Antanas Škėma, Lithuanian writer, actor and director (b. 1910)
- 1965 – Bill Woodfull, Australian cricketer (b. 1897)
- 1969 – Miriam Licette, English operatic soprano (b. 1885)
- 1972 – Max Theiler, South African virologist, Nobel laureate (b. 1899)
- 1974 – Vicente Emilio Sojo, Venezuelan musicologist and composer (b. 1887)
- 1974 – Jan Tschichold, German typographer (b. 1902)
- 1975 – Rachel Katznelson-Shazar, President of Israel (b. 1885)
- 1980 – Paul Robert, French lexicographer and publisher (b. 1910)
- 1982 – Tom Drake, American actor (b. 1918)
- 1984 – Alfred A. Knopf, Sr., American publisher (b. 1892)
- 1984 – Paul Felix Schmidt, Estonian–born German chess player (b. 1916)
- 1986 – János Drapál, Hungarian motorcycle road racer (b. 1948)
- 1988 – Anne Ramsey, American actress (b. 1929)
- 1991 – J. D. McDuffie, American race car driver (b. 1938)
- 1994 – Peter Cushing, English actor (b. 1913)
- 1995 – Phil Harris, American singer and comedian (b. 1904)
- 1996 – Tassos Isaac, Greek Cypriot activist (b. 1972)
- 1996 – Rafael Kubelík, Czech conductor and composer (b. 1914)
- 1996 – Mel Taylor, American drummer (The Ventures) (b. 1933)
- 1996 – Baba Vanga, Macedonian-born Bulgarian mystic (b. 1911)
- 2000 – Jean Papineau-Couture, Canadian composer (b. 1916)
- 2001 – Percy Stallard, English cyclist (b. 1909)
- 2002 – Galen Rowell, American photographer and mountain climber (b. 1940)
- 2003 – Armand Borel, Swiss mathematician (b. 1923)
- 2003 – Herb Brooks, American ice hockey coach (b. 1937)
- 2005 – James Booth, English actor (b. 1927)
- 2006 – Mike Douglas, American singer and talk show host (b. 1925)
- 2009 – Eunice Kennedy Shriver, American Kennedy Family member (b. 1921)
- 2010 – Markus Liebherr, German-born Swiss football club owner (b. 1948)
- 2011 – Jani Lane, American musician and songwriter (b. 1964)
Holidays and observances[link]
- Christian Feast Day:
- Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Chad from France in 1960.
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: August 11 |
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http://wn.com/August_11
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_11
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Raj Shrikant Thackeray राज श्रीकांत ठाकरे |
|
|---|---|
| File:Raj Thackeray.png | |
| Founder and President of the Maharashtra Navnirman Sena | |
| Incumbent | |
| Assumed office 9 March 2006 |
|
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1968-06-14) 14 June 1968 (age 44) Mumbai, Maharashtra, India |
| Political party | Maharashtra Navnirman Sena (2006–present) |
| Other political affiliations |
Shiv Sena (Before 2006) |
| Spouse(s) | Sharmila Thackeray |
| Children | Amit Thackeray (Son) Urvashi Thackeray (Daughter) |
| Alma mater | Balmohan Vidyamandir, Mumbai Sir Jamsetjee Jeejebhoy School of Art, Mumbai |
| Profession | Politician, Cartoonist |
| Religion | Hindu |
| Signature | Raj Thackeray's signature |
| Website | www.manase.org |
Raj Shrikant Thackeray (Marathi: राज श्रीकांत ठाकरे) (born 14 June 1968) is the founder and president of the right-wing[citation needed] Marathi ethnocentric regional political party, the Maharashtra Navnirman Sena ("Maharashtra Reformation Army") in the state of Maharashtra, India. His official name is Swararaj which means the king of musical notes.[1] He is the nephew of Shiv Sena chief Bal Thackeray, and a cousin of the current Shiv Sena Executive President Uddhav Thackeray.[2]
Contents |
Early life[link]
Raj was born on 14 June 1968 in a Marathi Kayastha (CKP) family to Shrikant Thackeray (younger brother of Bal Thackeray) and Kunda Thackeray (younger sister of Bal Thackeray's wife Meena Thackeray). Raj’s father Shrikant Thackeray was a musician, cartoonist and was also well versed in Urdu. He studied in Balmohan Vidyamandir, Mumbai and graduated from the Sir Jamsetjee Jeejebhoy School of Art, Mumbai. As a child he is said to have learnt the tabla, the guitar and the violin. He also loved drawing which later turned into a passion for drawing cartoons.
Political career[link]
Raj started his political career with his Uncle Bal Thackeray. Bal Thackeray has been a huge influence on Raj’s life. Raj has been said to have modeled himself after him. In 1997, he started the Shiv Udyog Sena a youth wing for the Shiv Sena. With this he tried to strengthen his youth leader image. "He raised funds for the employment agency with, among other sources, concerts by Michael Jackson and Lata Mangeshkar — and thus, simultaneously, propagated the new brand of the Sena's popular culture and its implications for a nascent generational change within the organization". But his association with the Sena ended in 2006. In January 2006 he resigned from the Sena alleging that it was being "run by petty clerks" because of which it had "fallen from its former glory". There has been quite a lot of speculation over the real reason why he left the party. The popular rumor being that he was being "sidelined" by Bal Thackeray’s son Uddhav. In the same year Raj announced his intention to start his own political party. Although separated from his mentor, Raj has always maintained that he does not want to have hostilities with his uncle who "was, is and always will be (his) mentor".
Political Views[link]
Marathi Identity[link]
Raj Thackeray and his party, Maharashtra Navnirman Sena, state that Maharashtra State, Marathi language and Marathi Manoos are subverted by the influence of non-Marathi politicians within and outside the State, and that these politicians should be opposed in order to attain prosperity for Maharashtra and Marathi people.[3]
Opposition to Immigrants[link]
Since the creation of his party, Raj Thackeray has opposed immigration into Maharashtra from North India. According to Raj Thackeray, he is against immigrants specifically from Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, and not from North India or elsewhere, in general. According to him, bad governance, corruption, high crime rates and criminal, politicians in these two states for decades, has degraded the socio-economic conditions there, causing exodus of people from these states to other states, like Maharashtra. This causes unemployment and increased crime rates in Maharashtra and other states which receive these immigrants. Also, due to rising number of immigrants, the politician from these two states have gained power in Maharashtra. He, however has made it clear that he is not against Hindi.[4]
Violence in Agitations[link]
Raj Thackery and his party MNS have been criticized[citation needed] for use of violence during their agitations, especially directed towards immigrants from UP and Bihar. He is facing several charges for instigating violence in various courts.[citation needed] On use of violence, Thackeray says that violence is a part of all agitations in Indian politics, and there are several cases of much more violence carried out by other parties and organisations. According to him, the incidents of violence involving members of his party have been unduly highlighted by North Indian politicians and journalists.[4]
Supporter of Narendra Modi's Governance[link]
Thackeray is an admirer of Gujarat Chief Minister, Narendra Modi for his governance, and the development of Gujarat during his tenure. In August 2011, Raj Thackeray visited Gujarat on a 9-day trip as 'state guest' to study the development in Gujarat. He also advised politicians in Maharashtra, irrespective of party, to take lessons from Modi and Gujarat.[5] He has also expressed support for Modi for the post Prime Minister of India for the 2014 Lok Sabha (general) election.[5]
Agitations[link]
Marathi signboards for shops[link]
In July 2008, Raj issued a public warning that Mumbai shops needed to have Marathi signboards in addition to the existing English signboards. He warned that after one month, MNS workers would start blackening non-Marathi signboards.[citation needed] While there had been a law to this effect passed earlier by Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation, it had not been enforced.[citation needed]
Raj had also insisted that the Marathi signboards had to be at least as big as the English signboards. A number of big shopowners, notably Viren Shah (Roopam chain) went to court against this move. The high-court provided them relief, passing a judgement that the Marathi signboards did not have to be as big as English signboards.[6]
In September 2008, MNS workers resorted to blackening signboards, to enforce the demand, after which most shop owners complied. Six MNS workers were arrested but later released on bail. The Congress government was dilatory in filing chargesheets against them, following which the Maharashtra high-court passed strictures against the government. When the government prosecutor submitted in December that the chargesheets had not been filed as investigation was ongoing, the judge remarked sarcastically whether this was a murder case to warrant such long investigations, three months after the arrest of the MNS workers, but Raj was attempting to enforce a rule previously on the books.[7]
Agitation against Jet Airways layoffs[link]
In October 2008, on the eve of the major Indian festival Diwali, Jet Airways laid off 800 temporary workers and announced layoffs of an additional 1100 workers. The laid-off workers included Marathi as well as North-Indians. These workers met Raj Thackeray and asked him to intervene. Following this, Raj Thackeray declared that most of these workers had paid security deposits to the company, and he would meet Jet management to plead their case. Unless Jet Airways cancelled the layoffs, his party would not allow any Jet Airways plane to take off from any airport in Maharashtra.[8]
Within 12 hours of Raj Thackeray's declaration, Jet chairman Naresh Goyal reversed the layoffs and reinstated the sacked employees. He claimed that he did it on his own and that there was no political pressure on him. Leftist Unions, Shivsena & Civil Aviation minister Praful Patel later tried to take credit for the decision. On announcement of the layoffs, Praful Patel had claimed that he had no jurisdiction over the layoffs issue.[9] Sacked Jet employees on the other hand stated that they were warned by Jet management on reinstatement, not to meet Raj Thackeray to thank him.[10]
Demand for Telecom customer service in Marathi[link]
Telecom companies in Maharashtra had been providing customer service in English & Hindi only. Raj demanded that all telecom companies operating in Maharashtra start providing the service in Marathi also and set a deadline of 27 February 2010, after which his party MNS would launch an agitation. Following this demand, all telecom companies complied, introducing Marathi as an additional option in their customer service.[11]
Maharashtra-Karnataka Border Issue[link]
In Dec 2011, Raj Thackeray meeting a group from MES (Maharshtra Ekikaran Samiti) advised them that they should revisit their stand of merging Belgaum with Maharashtra in the interest of marathi speaking people of belgaum. In a major departure from the stance previously taken by traditional right wing groups of Maharashtra, Raj Thackeray argued that a practical approach rather than an emotional one was the need of the hour. However, he said that if the supreme court itself gives a decision in favor of Belgaum's merger he would welcome it, although the local situation in Belgaum should not be vitiated for the sake of it. He asked the MES leaders to first identify the real issue as to whether marathis in belgaum are being targeted for espousing the cause of marathi language or because they were supporting the merger of Belgaum with Maharashtra. Lamenting that strikes and bandhs only add to the misery of the Marathi-speaking community in Belgaum, Thackeray said: "If the Karnataka government is ready to respect the Marathi people, their culture and language, then there is nothing wrong in Belgaum being there."[12] His comments were strongly criticized by his cousin Uddhav Thackeray as a cruel joke on the marathi manoos.[13]
Controversies[link]
2008 violence against UP & Biharis[link]
Main article: 2008 attacks on North Indians in Maharashtra
At a rally in Shivaji Park, Raj warned that if the dadagiri (intimidating dominance) of these people in Mumbai and Maharashtra continued, he would be compelled to make them leave the metropolis.[14] Raj was arrested along with a Samajwadi Party leader, Abu Azmi, for their involvement in the fracas. He was released on paying a penalty of 
15,000 (US$299.25).
Acquittal in Kini murder case[link]
In July 1996, Ramesh Kini was found dead in a cinema in Pune. Kini was a tenant in a ramshackle tenement in central Mumbai, whose landlord, Laxmikant Shah, was trying to evict him. Shah also happened to be a close childhood friend of Raj Thackeray. A CBI enquiry was later issued for the case, but the CBI dismissed the case as one of suicide.[15]
Kohinoor mill controversy[link]
Shiv Sena opposed sale of mill land, but Raj Thackeray bid for and won mill land in prime Mumbai real estate.[16] On 21 July 2005, Raj and Unmesh Joshi, son of Shiv Sena Leader Manohar Joshi purchased a five acre plot of land, Kohinoor Mill No. 3, located across the road from the Shiv Sena party headquarters in Dadar, Mumbai for 421 crore (US$83.99 million). The NCP leader from Mumbai, Sachin Ahir, objected to the sale of the Kohinoor Mill land, saying that there were forty bids, yet only three were short-listed. He demanded a re-bid as there was a lack of transparency in the move.[17]
Reaction to Jaya Bachchan's controversial statement[link]
The words of Jaya Bachchan, veteran actor and sitting Rajya Sabha MP of Samajwadi Party (with whom Raj's MNS has crossed swords a number of times), during the Music launch of the Hindi film Drona, were deemed hurtful by Raj Thackeray.
Jaya's words 'Hum UP (Uttar Pradesh) ke log hain, isliye Hindi mein baat karenge, Maharashtra ke log Maaf Kijiye' (We are from UP region, so we will speak in Hindi. People of Maharashtra, please excuse) in response to the film's Director, Goldie Behl, making his introductory speech in English and subsequently encouraging the actress Priyanka Chopra to speak in Hindi.[18]
Raj commented that Jaya had no business alluding to all the people of Maharashtra in that statement. He threatened to ban all Bachchan films unless Jaya apologised in a public forum for hurting Maharashtrians. MNS workers began to attack theatres screening The Last Lear starring Jaya Bachchan's husband, Amitabh Bachchan. Shivsena MP Sanjay Raut also criticized Jaya's statement saying: "After making all your success & fortune in Mumbai, if you feel like saying that, We are From UP, its very unfortunate." It was only after Amitabh tendered an apology that the screening resumed.[19]
Following Raj's threat, Mumbai police acted against Raj, issuing a gag order preventing him from speaking to the media.[20]
Remarks on Chhath Puja and Migrants[link]
Raj reproached North Indian leaders for politicizing Chhath Puja, a festival popular in Bihar, calling it a "drama" and a "show of numerical strength". He stated that the Chhath Puja was a political gimmick by some parties to attract the north Indian vote. He questioned the motives by citing that the puja is performed on the banks of a river, not the sea as it was being performed.[21] He demanded that they only celebrate Maharashtra day and not UP day in Maharashtra. A petition was filed in the Patna civil court on 8 February against him for his remarks.[22] His statements drew flak from political leaders across the board, especially those from the North Indian states. The then Indian Railways minister and former chief minister of Bihar, Lalu Prasad Yadav, vowed that he would come to Mumbai and perform Chhath Puja in front of Raj's house, which he failed to perform. He also ridiculed Raj saying, "He [Raj] is a child in politics".[21] The Navnirman Sena leader accused migrants of swamping Maharashtra, India's most industrialised state, in search of jobs.[23]
The MNS chief also accused migrants of disrespecting the local culture. On 9 February, expressing his stance on new migrants settling in Mumbai, Raj said, "New immigrants to the city should be denied entry into the city, while those already staying here should show respect to the Marathi 'manoos' and his culture".[24]
Mumbai-Bombay Controversy: Wake Up Sid[link]
On 2 October 2009, MNS workers disrupted the screening of the film Wake Up Sid on its release in a few Pune and Mumbai theatres, after Raj objected to references in the movie to "Bombay" rather than "Mumbai". The city of Mumbai was referred to as "Bombay" in many scenes[25] and in some songs (lyrics by Javed Akhtar). The film's producer, Karan Johar, visited Raj's residence to apologise, and agreed to all of Raj's terms, including an apology on each of the 700 frames in the film.[26]
Personal life[link]
 |
This biographical section of an article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (February 2012) |
Raj is married to Sharmila, daughter of famous Marathi theater/films actor, producer-director Mohan Wagh. They have one son named Amit Thackeray and one daughter Urvashi Thackeray.
Like his father and uncle Raj is a painter and cartoonist. He had also expressed his desire to work for Walt Disney Studios. Raj Thackeray said when asked what he would have done had he not joined politics? "In my college days, I wanted to work with Walt Disney Studios. I drew cartoons even before my foray in politics. Film making is also a passion. I would have been doing either of these things."
External links[link]
- Maharashtra Navnirman Sena Official Website
- Outlook India Back Issues
- Raj Thackerey's response in The Indian Express to Sudheendra Kulkarni's criticism
- New legal strategy to tame Raj
References[link]
- ^ MNS official website Accessed October 2011.
- ^ "Feuding cousins". Frontline. 27 August 2005. http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl2218/stories/20050909004711300.htm. Retrieved 20 March 2011.
- ^ MNS official website Accessed October 2011.
- ^ a b "Do political movements need to obey the law? What about Advani rath yatra, Modi’s Godhra outrage?" ExpressIndia.com. Retrieved 25 October 2011
- ^ a b NDTV.com (3 August 2011). "Narendra Modi gives Raj Thackeray 'State Guest' status". http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/narendra-modi-gives-raj-thackeray-state-guest-status-123963. Retrieved 25 October 2011.
- ^ Rao, Shashank (16 February 2009). "Big Marathi signboards not necessary". Mid-day.com. http://www.mid-day.com/news/2009/feb/160209-Big-Marathi-signboards.htm. Retrieved 2010-07-28.
- ^ "Marathi signboards issue: 'Is this a murder trial?'". Indianexpress.com. 5 December 2008. http://www.indianexpress.com/news/marathi-signboards-issue-is-this-a-murder/394661/. Retrieved 2010-07-28.
- ^ “” (25 May 2008). "Raj Thakre Helps Jet Airways Staff". YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oy4qrypiG5k&NR=1. Retrieved 2010-07-28.
- ^ “”. "Jet airways Employees vow Raj Thakre for jobs". YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNBiGrqiwno&NR=1. Retrieved 2010-07-28.
- ^ "Jet barred us from meeting Raj Thackeray: Crew". news.outlookindia.com. http://news.outlookindia.com/item.aspx?621425. Retrieved 2010-07-28.
- ^ Anthony, Bobby (18 February 2010). "Cellular companies to have Marathi voice assistance". Mid-day.com. http://www.mid-day.com/news/2010/feb/180210-mobile-companies-marathi-voice-response-mns-demand.htm. Retrieved 2010-07-28.
- ^ http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_let-belgaum-be-with-karnataka-raj-thackeray_1627869
- ^ http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_uddhav-thackeray-runs-to-president-urges-her-to-make-belgaum-union-territory_1628288
- ^ "Raj Thackeray dares Maharashtra govt on north Indians' stand". NDTV. 3 May 2008. http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20080048753. Retrieved 2009-01-06. "Addressing a crowded public meeting at Shivaji Park in central Mumbai, the place where his uncle and Shiv Sena chief Bal Thackeray addresses his annual Dussehra rallies, Raj warned if the dadagiri of north Indians in Mumbai and Maharashtra continued, he would be compelled to make them leave the metropolis."
- ^ "Rediff On The NeT: Dilip D'Souza on the Ramesh Kini case". Rediff.com. http://www.rediff.com/news/1996/0209dili.htm. Retrieved 2010-07-28.
- ^ Indian Express/ Bombay 22 July 2005 (22 July 2005). "Sena opposes mill sale, its leaders buy one". Indian Express. http://www.indianexpress.com/oldStory/74881/. Retrieved 2010-08-04.
- ^ Renni Abraham / Mumbai 22 July 2005 (22 July 2005). "Kohinoor Mill sold for Rs 421 cr". Business-standard.com. http://www.business-standard.com/india/storypage.php?autono=214951. Retrieved 2010-07-28.
- ^ "rediff.com: Jaya Bachchan's controversial clip". Specials.rediff.com. http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2008/sep/08video1.htm. Retrieved 2010-07-28.
- ^ "Khaleej Times Online". Khaleejtimes.com. 16 October 2009. http://www.khaleejtimes.com/weekend/inside.asp?xfile=/data/weekend/2009/October/weekend_October66.xml. Retrieved 2010-07-28.
- ^ “”. "ronak story MNS bans Bachchan movies". YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tbee1m6uIn4&NR=1. Retrieved 2010-07-28.
- ^ a b "Jaya takes on Raj; MNS, SP activists clash in Mumbai". The Hindu. 3 February 2008. http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/feb/03mns.htm. Retrieved 2008-04-04.
- ^ "Petition against Raj Thackeray in Patna court". Zee News. http://www.zeenews.com/articles.asp?aid=421796&sid=REG. Retrieved 2008-04-04.
- ^ "Right-wing Mumbai leader arrested". BBC NEWS. 13 February 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7242617.stm. Retrieved 2008-07-26.
- ^ "'Respect Marathi ban-manoos or leave Mumbai'". Rediff. 9 February 2008. http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/feb/09mumbai.htm. Retrieved 2008-04-04.
- ^ "Front Page News: Wednesday, July 28, 2010". Chennai, India: The Hindu. 2009-10-03. http://www.hindu.com/2009/10/03/stories/2009100356650100.htm. Retrieved 2010-07-28.
- ^ "Wake Up Sid in trouble: Rediff.com Movies". Movies.rediff.com. 2 October 2009. http://movies.rediff.com/report/2009/oct/02/wake-up-sid-in-trouble.htm. Retrieved 2010-07-28.
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Thackeray, Raj |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Indian politician |
| Date of birth | 1968-06-14 |
| Place of birth | Mumbai, Maharashtra, India |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Raj_Thackeray
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raj_Thackeray
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Frankie Edgar | |
|---|---|
 Edgar in 2010 |
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| Born | Frank James Edgar (1981-10-16) October 16, 1981 (age 30) Toms River, New Jersey, U.S. |
| Nationality | American |
| Height | 5 ft 6 in (1.68 m) |
| Weight | 154.5 lb (70 kg; 11 st 1 lb) |
| Division | Lightweight |
| Reach | 68 in (173 cm) |
| Stance | Orthodox |
| Fighting out of | Toms River, New Jersey, U.S. |
| Team | Renzo Gracie Combat Team |
| Trainer | Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu: Ricardo Almeida, Renzo Gracie Boxing: Mark Henry Wrestling: Steve Rivera Muay Thai: Kru Phil Nurse |
| Rank | Brown belt in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu |
| Wrestling | NCAA Division I Wrestling All-American at Clarion University |
| Years active | 2005 – present (MMA) |
| Mixed martial arts record | |
| Total | 17 |
| Wins | 14 |
| By knockout | 3 |
| By submission | 3 |
| By decision | 8 |
| Losses | 2 |
| By decision | 2 |
| Draws | 1 |
| Amateur career | |
| Total | 1 |
| Wins | 1 |
| By knockout | 1 |
| Other information | |
| University | Clarion University of Pennsylvania |
| Spouse | Renee |
| Children | 2 |
| Notable school(s) | Toms River High School East |
| Website | http://www.frankedgar.com/ |
| Mixed martial arts record from Sherdog | |
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|
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Frank James Edgar (born October 16, 1981) is an American mixed martial artist, who competes as a lightweight in the Ultimate Fighting Championship and is a former UFC Lightweight Champion. His first career loss came against Gray Maynard in 2008, which marked the beginning of a noted rivalry. He later avenged the loss to Maynard with a KO victory in 2011. As of March 2012, he is ranked as the #2 lightweight in the world by Sherdog.com.[1]
Contents |
Early life[link]
Born and raised in Toms River, New Jersey, Frankie Edgar wrestled at Toms River High School East, making it to the New Jersey state championship tournament on three occasions, placing second as a junior and fifth as a senior. Edgar is the oldest of 3 children, Edgar went on to compete in the NHSCA Senior Nationals and placed second before he finished high school. He continued wrestling at Clarion University of Pennsylvania, where he qualified for the nationals all four years there.[2] Edgar is also an assistant coach for the Rutgers University wrestling team.[3]
Mixed martial arts career[link]
Edgar entered his first mixed martial arts fight with only a few weeks of training outside of his wrestling background. Edgar originally trained with Rob Guarino of Rhino Fight Team, but today he is part of the Gracie system under Ricardo Almeida in Hamilton, NJ. Since seventh grade Edgar has wrestled with Steve Rivera at Elite Wrestling NJ[4] in Jackson, NJ. His boxing trainer is Mark Henry of Millstone, NJ.
Ultimate Fighting Championship[link]
Edgar amassed a 5–0 record before trying out for season five of The Ultimate Fighter. Edgar tried out in front of Dana White and Joe Silva, but was not selected to be on the show.[5] However, a month later the UFC contacted Edgar and asked if he would accept a fight with fellow undefeated fighter Tyson Griffin at UFC 67. Griffin caught Edgar in a deep kneebar at the end of the fight, but Edgar refused to tap and lasted out the remainder of the round to win by unanimous decision. The fight has been frequently rebroadcast on UFC Unleashed.
Edgar followed up with a first-round TKO victory over Mark Bocek at UFC 73. He made his main card debut at UFC 78 against veteran fighter Spencer Fisher and won via unanimous decision.
Edgar suffered his first loss at UFC Fight Night 13 against Gray Maynard. This fight marked the first bout of a series. Maynard used his size and wrestling skill to overpower Edgar en route to a unanimous decision. Edgar rebounded with another Fight of the Night victory against Hermes França at UFC: Silva vs. Irvin. Edgar then defeated former UFC lightweight champion Sean Sherk, outworking him all three rounds to earn the unanimous decision victory over the stronger and heavier fighter.
Edgar was a featured fighter on True Life: I'm a Mixed Martial Artist leading up to his fight with Maynard.[6] Edgar appears in UFC 2009 Undisputed.
Edgar was expected to face Kurt Pellegrino on December 5, 2009 on The Ultimate Fighter 10 finale,[7] but Pellegrino was forced to withdraw due to an injury.[8] Matt Veach was named as Pellegrino's replacement, moving up from the undercard bout. [9] After being on the defensive for most of the first round, Edgar became the aggressor in the second round by punishing Veach with strikes, Ultimately knocking Veach down with a straight right, Edgar then proceeded to take Veach's back thus finishing via rear naked choke at 2:22 into the second round.[10]
UFC Lightweight Champion[link]
At UFC 112, Edgar was matched against lightweight champion BJ Penn. After a long, back-and-forth, predominantly standing fight, the judges' scorecards were called on for a decision. The scores were 50–45, 49–46 and 48–47, all for Edgar. The unanimous decision win awarded him the UFC Lightweight Championship.[11]
On June 24, 2010 ESPN announced Edgar as a nominee for Best Upset of the Year at the 2010 ESPY Awards.[12]
The bout at UFC 112 was deemed close enough that Edgar's first title defense took the form of a UFC 118 rematch against Penn on August 28, 2010.[13] Edgar defeated Penn via unanimous decision to retain the UFC Lightweight Championship, this time with no controversy after taking Penn down multiple times and out-striking him throughout all five rounds. All three judges scored the bout 50–45 for Edgar,[14][15] making him the second fighter to defeat Penn in the lightweight division [16] (the other being Jens Pulver), and the second fighter ever to beat Penn twice (the other being Georges St-Pierre).
Edgar's next title defense was against Gray Maynard, the only man to have defeated Edgar, in a rematch from UFC Fight Night: Florian vs. Lauzon. Maynard earned the #1 contender spot at UFC 118 with a win over Kenny Florian.[17] The bout took place on January 1, 2011 at UFC 125, with the fight ending in a draw (judges scorecards: 48–46 Maynard, 48–46 Edgar, 47–47). His fight with Maynard marks the third time in UFC history that a championship fight ended as a draw.
During the UFC 125 post-fight press conference, it was announced that Edgar's next opponent would be Anthony Pettis in a belt unification match. However, less than two hours later UFC president Dana White announced a change of plans. Edgar was then scheduled to fight Gray Maynard for the third time[18] at UFC 130.[19] Dana White confirmed on May 9, 2011 that both Edgar and Maynard had sustained injuries and that their bout was pulled from event.[20] The fight was re-scheduled as the main event of UFC 136.[21] After a similar first round to their bout at UFC 125, Edgar won via KO[22] at 3:54 of round 4, earning Knockout of the Night honors.
Edgar faced Benson Henderson on February 26, 2012 at UFC 144.[23] Henderson defeated Edgar via unanimous decision to become the new UFC Lightweight Champion. Both participants earned Fight of the Night honors for their performance.
A rematch with Henderson is expected to take place on August 11, 2012 at UFC 150.[24]
Personal life[link]
Edgar and his wife, Renee, were married ten days after UFC Fight Night 13. The couple have two sons—Francesco, born in January 2009,[25] and Santino James, born in May 2010.[26]
Edgar is a resident of Toms River, New Jersey.[27]
Championships and accomplishments[link]
[edit] Mixed martial arts
- Ultimate Fighting Championship
- UFC Lightweight Championship (One time)
- Three title defenses
- Fight of the Night (Five times)
- Knockout of the Night (One time)
- Sherdog and World MMA Awards
- Fight of the Year (2011) vs. Gray Maynard on January 1
- Reality Fighting
- Reality Fighting Lightweight Championship (One time)
- ESPY Award
- Best Upset ESPY Award – Nomination (2010)
Mixed martial arts record[link]
| Professional record breakdown | ||
| 17 matches | 14 wins | 2 losses |
| By knockout | 3 | 0 |
| By submission | 3 | 0 |
| By decision | 8 | 2 |
| Draws | 1 | |
| Result | Record | Opponent | Method | Event | Date | Round | Time | Location | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Loss | 14–2–1 | Benson Henderson | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 144 | 02012-02-26February 26, 2012 | 5 | 5:00 | Saitama, Japan | LostUFC Lightweight Championship. Fight of the Night. |
| Win | 14–1–1 | Gray Maynard | KO (punches) | UFC 136 | 02011-10-08October 8, 2011 | 4 | 3:54 | Houston, Texas, United States | Defended the UFC Lightweight Championship. Knockout of the Night. |
| vDraw | 13–1–1 | Gray Maynard | Draw (split) | UFC 125 | 02011-01-01January 1, 2011 | 5 | 5:00 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | Defended the UFC Lightweight Championship. Fight of the Night. Fight of the Year (2011). |
| Win | 13–1 | B.J. Penn | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 118 | 02010-08-28August 28, 2010 | 5 | 5:00 | Boston, Massachusetts, United States | Defended the UFC Lightweight Championship. |
| Win | 12–1 | B.J. Penn | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 112 | 02010-04-10April 10, 2010 | 5 | 5:00 | Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates | Won the UFC Lightweight Championship. |
| Win | 11–1 | Matt Veach | Submission (rear-naked choke) | The Ultimate Fighter: Heavyweights Finale | 02009-12-05December 5, 2009 | 2 | 2:22 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | Fight of the Night. |
| Win | 10–1 | Sean Sherk | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 98 | 02009-05-23May 23, 2009 | 3 | 5:00 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |
| Win | 9–1 | Hermes França | Decision (unanimous) | UFC: Silva vs. Irvin | 02008-07-19July 19, 2008 | 3 | 5:00 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | Fight of the Night. |
| Loss | 8–1 | Gray Maynard | Decision (unanimous) | UFC Fight Night: Florian vs. Lauzon | 02008-04-02April 2, 2008 | 3 | 5:00 | Broomfield, Colorado, United States | |
| Win | 8–0 | Spencer Fisher | Decision (knockout) | UFC 78 | 02007-11-17November 17, 2007 | 2 | 5:00 | Newark, New Jersey, United States | |
| Win | 7–0 | Mark Bocek | TKO (punches) | UFC 73 | 02007-07-07July 7, 2007 | 1 | 4:55 | Sacramento, California, United States | |
| Win | 6–0 | Tyson Griffin | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 67 | 02007-02-03February 3, 2007 | 3 | 5:00 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | UFC Debut. Fight of the Night |
| Win | 5–0 | Jim Miller | Decision (unanimous) | Reality Fighting 14 | 02006-11-18November 18, 2006 | 3 | 5:00 | Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States | Won Reality Fighting Lightweight Championship |
| Win | 4–0 | Deividas Taurosevičius | Decision (unanimous) | RF 13: Battle at the Beach | 02006-08-05August 5, 2006 | 3 | 5:00 | Wildwood, New Jersey, United States | |
| Win | 3–0 | Steve Macabe | Submission (tko) | Ring of Combat 10 | 02006-04-14April 14, 2006 | 1 | 2:37 | Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States | |
| Win | 2–0 | Jay Isip | Technical submission (rear-naked choke) | SportFighting 2 | 02005-12-10December 10, 2005 | 1 | 3:26 | Hoboken, New Jersey, United States | |
| Win | 1–0 | Mark Getto | TKO (punches) | Ring of Combat 9 | 02005-10-29October 29, 2005 | 1 | 4:21 | Asbury Park, New Jersey, United States | For Leo Pegel Title Elimination. |
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ "Sherdog Official Mixed Martial Arts Rankings". sherdog.com. March 7, 2012. http://www.sherdog.com/news/rankings/6/Sherdogs-Official-Mixed-Martial-Arts-Rankings-40911. Retrieved 2012-03-07.
- ^ Feitl, Steve. "BACK TO HIS ROOTS: Frank Edgar part of fight card in UFC's return to New Jersey"
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ Steve Rivera's Elite Wrestling NJ – Youth & High School Wrestling Training for all Levels. Elitewrestling.net. Retrieved on 2012-03-08.
- ^ "Q&A With Frankie Edgar". Bumpyknuckle.com. November 30, 2009. http://bumpyknuckle.com/2009/11/30/qa-with-frankie-edgar/. Retrieved 2010-05-11.
- ^ "True Life Update: The Fight Continues For MTV's Mixed Martial Artists". Remotecontrol.MTV.com. October 24, 2008. http://remotecontrol.mtv.com/2008/10/05/true-life-update-the-fight-continues-for-these-mixed-martial-artists/.
- ^ "Frankie Edgar vs. Kurt Pellegrino likely for The Ultimate Fighter 10 Finale". MMAjunkie.com. September 10, 2009. http://mmajunkie.com/news/16138/frankie-edgar-vs-kurt-pellegrino-likely-for-the-ultimate-fighter-10-finale.mma.
- ^ "Kurt Pellegrino injured, forced out of The Ultimate Fighter 10 Finale bout with Frankie Edgar". MMAjunkie.com. October 30, 2009. http://mmajunkie.com/news/16675/kurt-pellegrino-injured-forced-out-of-the-ultimate-fighter-10-finale-bout-with-frankie-edgar.mma.
- ^ "Matt Veach in to face Edgar at TUF 10 Finale". MMAWeekly.com. October 30, 2009. http://mmaweekly.com/matt-veach-in-to-face-edgar-at-tuf-10-finale-2.
- ^ "Ultimate Fighter 10 Results". MMAWeekly.com. December 5, 2009. http://mmaweekly.com/ultimjj-fighter-10-results-play-by-play-pics-2.
- ^ Non, Sergio (April 10, 2010). "UFC 112 upset: Edgar answers riddle of Penn, takes lightweight belt". USATODAY.com. http://content.usatoday.com/communities/mma/post/2010/04/lightweight-upset-edgar-finds-answer-to-riddle-of-penn-seizes-belt/1.
- ^ Ariel Helwani. "Georges St-Pierre, Frankie Edgar Nominated for ESPY Awards". http://www.mmafighting.com/2010/06/24/georges-st-pierre-frankie-edgar-nominate-for-espy-awards.
- ^ Bloody Elbow: BJ Penn Signs Bout Agreement against Frank Edgar
- ^ "Edgar beats BJ Penn again, silences doubters at UFC 118". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/communities/mma/post/2010/08/edgar-beats-bj-penn-again-leaves-no-doubt-at-ufc-118/1.
- ^ Pugmire, Lance (August 28, 2010). "Randy Couture wins battle of MMA vs. boxing; Frankie Edgar retains UFC title". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2010/aug/28/sports/la-sp-ufc-toney-couture-20100829-21.
- ^ BJ "The Prodigy" Penn – Official UFC® Fighter Profile. Ufc.com. Retrieved on 2012-03-08.
- ^ John Morgan. "Frankie Edgar vs. Gray Maynard next; UFC boss says contest is marketable". http://mmajunkie.com/news/20470/frankie-edgar-vs-gray-maynard-next-ufc-boss-says-contest-is-marketable.mma.
- ^ John Morgan (January 2, 2011). "UFC boss has change of heart, Frankie Edgar vs. Gray Maynard III up next". MMAJunkie.com. http://mmajunkie.com/news/21939/ufc-boss-has-change-of-heart-frankie-edgar-vs-gray-maynard-iii-up-next.mma.
- ^ "Dana White Confirms Frankie Edgar vs. Gray Maynard III at UFC 130". MMAFighting.com. January 14, 2011. http://www.mmafighting.com/2011/01/14/dana-white-confirms-frankie-edgar-vs-gray-maynard-iii-at-ufc-13/.
- ^ Chiappetta, Mike (May 9, 2011). "Frankie Edgar vs. Gray Maynard off UFC 130". MMAFighting.com. http://www.mmafighting.com/2011/05/09/frankie-edgar-vs-gray-maynard-off-ufc-130/. Retrieved July 1, 2011.
- ^ Helwani, Ariel (July 15, 2011). "Frankie Edgar, Gray Maynard Agree to Meet for a Third Time at UFC 136". MMAFighting.com. http://www.mmafighting.com/2011/07/15/frankie-edgar-gray-maynard-agree-to-meet-for-a-third-time-at-uf/. Retrieved July 15, 2011.
- ^ "UFC Results". Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation. October 8, 2011. http://www.tdlr.state.tx.us/sports/results/results10_11.pdf. Retrieved February 25, 2012.
- ^ "UFC champ Frankie Edgar faces Ben Henderson at February's UFC Japan event". mmajunkie.com. November 12, 2011. http://mmajunkie.com/news/26073/ufc-champ-frankie-edgar-faces-ben-henderson-at-feburarys-ufc-japan-event.mma. Retrieved November 12, 2011.
- ^ "Benson Henderson vs. Frankie Edgar II official for UFC 150 in Denver". mmajunkie.com. May 8, 2012. http://mmajunkie.com/news/28617/benson-henderson-vs-frankie-edgar-ii-official-for-ufc-150-in-denver.mma.
- ^ "Congratulations Renee and Frankie Edgar!". RicardoAlmeida.com. January 18, 2009. http://www.ricardoalmeida.com/myoffice/storeonline/whatsnew.aspx?orgId=12985.
- ^ "UFC LW Champ Frank Edgar has a baby boy". SHERDOG.com. May 25, 2010. http://www.sherdog.net/forums/f2/ufc-lw-champ-frank-edgar-has-baby-boy-1217995/.
- ^ Marrapese-Burrell, Nancy. "Winning combination: Edgar preps for lightweight title defense by adding boxing to repertoire", The Boston Globe, August 28, 2010. Accessed February 18, 2011.
External links[link]
| Achievements | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by B.J. Penn |
4th UFC Lightweight Champion April 10, 2010 – February 26, 2012 |
Succeeded by Ben Henderson |
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Edgar, Frankie |
| Alternative names | Edgar, Frank James |
| Short description | American mixed martial artist |
| Date of birth | October 16, 1981 |
| Place of birth | Toms River, New Jersey, U.S. |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Frankie_Edgar
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
"Barack" and "Obama" redirect here. For other uses, see Barak (disambiguation) and Obama (disambiguation). For President Obama's father, the Kenyan economist, see Barack Obama, Sr.
| Barack Obama | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| 44th President of the United States | |
| Incumbent | |
| Assumed office January 20, 2009 |
|
| Vice President | Joe Biden |
| Preceded by | George W. Bush |
| United States Senator from Illinois |
|
| In office January 3, 2005 – November 16, 2008 |
|
| Preceded by | Peter Fitzgerald |
| Succeeded by | Roland Burris |
| Member of the Illinois Senate from the 13th District |
|
| In office January 8, 1997 – November 4, 2004 |
|
| Preceded by | Alice Palmer |
| Succeeded by | Kwame Raoul |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Barack Hussein Obama II (1961-08-04) August 4, 1961 (age 50)[1] Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.[2] |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse(s) | Michelle Robinson (1992–present) |
| Children | Malia (born 1998) Sasha (born 2001) |
| Residence | White House (Official) Chicago, Illinois (Private) |
| Alma mater | Occidental College Columbia University (B.A.) Harvard Law School (J.D.) |
| Profession | Community organizer Lawyer Constitutional law professor Author |
| Religion | Christianity[3] |
| Awards | Nobel Peace Prize |
| Signature |  |
| Website | barackobama.com |
 |
This article is part of a series on Barack Obama |
|---|---|
Barack Hussein Obama II (
i/bəˈrɑːk huːˈseɪn oʊˈbɑːmə/; born August 4, 1961) is the 44th and current President of the United States. He is the first African American to hold the office. In January 2005, Obama was sworn in as a U.S. Senator in the state of Illinois. He would hold this office until November 2008, when he resigned following his victory in the 2008 presidential election.
Born in Honolulu, Hawaii, Obama is a graduate of Columbia University and Harvard Law School, where he was the president of the Harvard Law Review. He was a community organizer in Chicago before earning his law degree. He worked as a civil rights attorney in Chicago and taught constitutional law at the University of Chicago Law School from 1992 to 2004. He served three terms representing the 13th District in the Illinois Senate from 1997 to 2004.
Following an unsuccessful bid against the Democratic incumbent for a seat in the United States House of Representatives in 2000, Obama ran for the United States Senate in 2004. Several events brought him to national attention during the campaign, including his victory in the March 2004 Illinois Democratic primary for the Senate election and his keynote address at the Democratic National Convention in July 2004. He won election to the U.S. Senate in Illinois in November 2004. His presidential campaign began in February 2007, and after a close campaign in the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries against Hillary Rodham Clinton, he won his party's nomination. In the 2008 presidential election, he defeated Republican nominee John McCain, and was inaugurated as president on January 20, 2009. Nine months later, Obama was named the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize laureate. In April 2011, he announced that he would be running for re-election in 2012.
As president, Obama signed economic stimulus legislation in the form of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 and the Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010. Other domestic policy initiatives include the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, the Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010, and the Budget Control Act of 2011. In May 2012, he became the first sitting U.S. president to openly support legalizing same-sex marriage. In foreign policy, he ended the war in Iraq, increased troop levels in Afghanistan, signed the New START arms control treaty with Russia, ordered U.S. involvement in the 2011 Libya military intervention, and ordered the military operation that resulted in the death of Osama bin Laden.
Contents |
Early life and career[link]
Main article: Early life and career of Barack Obama
Obama was born on August 4, 1961, at Kapiʻolani Maternity & Gynecological Hospital (now Kapiʻolani Medical Center for Women and Children) in Honolulu, Hawaii,[2][4][5] and is the first President to have been born in Hawaii.[6] His mother, Stanley Ann Dunham, was born in Wichita, Kansas, and was of mostly English ancestry,[7] along with Scottish, Irish, German, and Swiss.[8][9][10][11][12] His father, Barack Obama, Sr., was a Luo from Nyang’oma Kogelo, Nyanza Province, Kenya. Obama's parents met in 1960 in a Russian class at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, where his father was a foreign student on scholarship.[13][14] The couple married on February 2, 1961,[15] separated when Obama Sr. went to Harvard University on scholarship, and divorced in 1964.[13] Obama Sr. remarried and returned to Kenya, visiting Barack in Hawaii only once, in 1971. He died in an automobile accident in 1982.[16]
After her divorce, Dunham married Indonesian Lolo Soetoro, who was attending college in Hawaii. When Suharto, a military leader in Soetoro's home country, came to power in 1967, all Indonesian students studying abroad were recalled, and the family moved to the Menteng neighborhood of Jakarta.[4][17] From ages six to ten, Obama attended local schools in Jakarta, including Besuki Public School and St. Francis of Assisi School.[18]
File:Ann Dunham with father and children.jpg
Barack Obama with his half-sister Maya Soetoro-Ng, mother Ann Dunham and grandfather Stanley Dunham, in Hawaii
In 1971, Obama returned to Honolulu to live with his maternal grandparents, Madelyn and Stanley Armour Dunham, and with the aid of a scholarship attended Punahou School, a private college preparatory school, from fifth grade until his graduation from high school in 1979.[19] Obama's mother returned to Hawaii in 1972, remaining there until 1977 when she went back to Indonesia to work as an anthropological field worker. She finally returned to Hawaii in 1994 and lived there for one year before dying of ovarian cancer.[15][20]
Of his early childhood, Obama recalled, "That my father looked nothing like the people around me—that he was black as pitch, my mother white as milk—barely registered in my mind."[14] He described his struggles as a young adult to reconcile social perceptions of his multiracial heritage.[21] Reflecting later on his years in Honolulu, Obama wrote: "The opportunity that Hawaii offered—to experience a variety of cultures in a climate of mutual respect—became an integral part of my world view, and a basis for the values that I hold most dear."[22] Obama has also written and talked about using alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine during his teenage years to "push questions of who I was out of my mind."[23] At the 2008 Civil Forum on the Presidency, Obama described his high-school drug use as a great moral failure.[24]
Following high school, Obama moved to Los Angeles in 1979 to attend Occidental College. In February 1981, he made his first public speech, calling for Occidental to divest from South Africa in response to its policy of apartheid.[25] In mid-1981, Obama traveled to Indonesia to visit his mother and sister Maya, and visited the families of college friends in Pakistan and India for three weeks.[25] Later in 1981, he transferred to Columbia University in New York City, where he majored in political science with a specialty in international relations[26] and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1983. He worked for a year at the Business International Corporation,[27] then at the New York Public Interest Research Group.[28][29]
Chicago community organizer and Harvard Law School[link]
Two years after graduating, Obama was hired in Chicago as director of the Developing Communities Project (DCP), a church-based community organization originally comprising eight Catholic parishes in Roseland, West Pullman, and Riverdale on Chicago's South Side. He worked there as a community organizer from June 1985 to May 1988.[29][30] He helped set up a job training program, a college preparatory tutoring program, and a tenants' rights organization in Altgeld Gardens.[31] Obama also worked as a consultant and instructor for the Gamaliel Foundation, a community organizing institute.[32] In mid-1988, he traveled for the first time in Europe for three weeks and then for five weeks in Kenya, where he met many of his paternal relatives for the first time.[33] He returned to Kenya in August 2006 for a visit to his father's birthplace, a village near Kisumu in rural western Kenya.[34]
In late 1988, Obama entered Harvard Law School. He was selected as an editor of the Harvard Law Review at the end of his first year,[35] and president of the journal in his second year.[31][36] During his summers, he returned to Chicago, where he worked as an associate at the law firms of Sidley Austin in 1989 and Hopkins & Sutter in 1990.[37] After graduating with a J.D. magna cum laude[38] from Harvard in 1991, he returned to Chicago.[35] Obama's election as the first black president of the Harvard Law Review gained national media attention[31][36] and led to a publishing contract and advance for a book about race relations,[39] which evolved into a personal memoir. The manuscript was published in mid-1995 as Dreams from My Father.[39]
University of Chicago Law School and civil rights attorney[link]
In 1991, Obama accepted a two-year position as Visiting Law and Government Fellow at the University of Chicago Law School to work on his first book.[39][40] He then taught at the University of Chicago Law School for twelve years—as a Lecturer from 1992 to 1996, and as a Senior Lecturer from 1996 to 2004—teaching constitutional law.[41]
From April to October 1992, Obama directed Illinois's Project Vote, a voter registration campaign with ten staffers and seven hundred volunteer registrars; it achieved its goal of registering 150,000 of 400,000 unregistered African Americans in the state, leading Crain's Chicago Business to name Obama to its 1993 list of "40 under Forty" powers to be.[42] In 1993, he joined Davis, Miner, Barnhill & Galland, a 13-attorney law firm specializing in civil rights litigation and neighborhood economic development, where he was an associate for three years from 1993 to 1996, then of counsel from 1996 to 2004. His law license became inactive in 2002.[43]
From 1994 to 2002, Obama served on the boards of directors of the Woods Fund of Chicago, which in 1985 had been the first foundation to fund the Developing Communities Project; and of the Joyce Foundation.[29] He served on the board of directors of the Chicago Annenberg Challenge from 1995 to 2002, as founding president and chairman of the board of directors from 1995 to 1999.[29]
Legislative career: 1997–2008[link]
State Senator: 1997–2004[link]
Main article: Illinois Senate career of Barack Obama
Obama was elected to the Illinois Senate in 1996, succeeding State Senator Alice Palmer as Senator from Illinois's 13th District, which at that time spanned Chicago South Side neighborhoods from Hyde Park – Kenwood south to South Shore and west to Chicago Lawn.[44] Once elected, Obama gained bipartisan support for legislation that reformed ethics and health care laws.[45] He sponsored a law that increased tax credits for low-income workers, negotiated welfare reform, and promoted increased subsidies for childcare.[46] In 2001, as co-chairman of the bipartisan Joint Committee on Administrative Rules, Obama supported Republican Governor Ryan's payday loan regulations and predatory mortgage lending regulations aimed at averting home foreclosures.[47]
Obama was reelected to the Illinois Senate in 1998, defeating Republican Yesse Yehudah in the general election, and was reelected again in 2002.[48] In 2000, he lost a Democratic primary run for the U.S. House of Representatives to four-term incumbent Bobby Rush by a margin of two to one.[49]
In January 2003, Obama became chairman of the Illinois Senate's Health and Human Services Committee when Democrats, after a decade in the minority, regained a majority.[50] He sponsored and led unanimous, bipartisan passage of legislation to monitor racial profiling by requiring police to record the race of drivers they detained, and legislation making Illinois the first state to mandate videotaping of homicide interrogations.[46][51] During his 2004 general election campaign for U.S. Senate, police representatives credited Obama for his active engagement with police organizations in enacting death penalty reforms.[52] Obama resigned from the Illinois Senate in November 2004 following his election to the U.S. Senate.[53]
U.S. Senate campaign[link]
In May 2002, Obama commissioned a poll to assess his prospects in a 2004 U.S. Senate race; he created a campaign committee, began raising funds, and lined up political media consultant David Axelrod by August 2002. Obama formally announced his candidacy in January 2003.[54]
Obama was an early opponent of the George W. Bush administration's 2003 invasion of Iraq.[55] On October 2, 2002, the day President Bush and Congress agreed on the joint resolution authorizing the Iraq War,[56] Obama addressed the first high-profile Chicago anti-Iraq War rally,[57] and spoke out against the war.[58] He addressed another anti-war rally in March 2003 and told the crowd that "it's not too late" to stop the war.[59]
Decisions by Republican incumbent Peter Fitzgerald and his Democratic predecessor Carol Moseley Braun to not participate in the election resulted in wide-open Democratic and Republican primary contests involving fifteen candidates.[60] In the March 2004 primary election, Obama won in an unexpected landslide—which overnight made him a rising star within the national Democratic Party, started speculation about a presidential future, and led to the reissue of his memoir, Dreams from My Father.[61] In July 2004, Obama delivered the keynote address at the 2004 Democratic National Convention,[62] seen by 9.1 million viewers. His speech was well received and elevated his status within the Democratic Party.[63]
Obama's expected opponent in the general election, Republican primary winner Jack Ryan, withdrew from the race in June 2004.[64] Six weeks later, Alan Keyes accepted the Republican nomination to replace Ryan.[65] In the November 2004 general election, Obama won with 70 percent of the vote.[66]
U.S. Senator: 2005–2008[link]
Main article: United States Senate career of Barack Obama
Obama was sworn in as a senator on January 3, 2005,[67] becoming the only Senate member of the Congressional Black Caucus.[68] CQ Weekly characterized him as a "loyal Democrat" based on analysis of all Senate votes in 2005–2007. Obama announced on November 13, 2008, that he would resign his Senate seat on November 16, 2008, before the start of the lame-duck session, to focus on his transition period for the presidency.[69]
Legislation[link]
Obama cosponsored the Secure America and Orderly Immigration Act.[70] He introduced two initiatives that bore his name: Lugar–Obama, which expanded the Nunn–Lugar cooperative threat reduction concept to conventional weapons;[71] and the Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006, which authorized the establishment of USAspending.gov, a web search engine on federal spending.[72] On June 3, 2008, Senator Obama—along with Senators Tom Carper, Tom Coburn, and John McCain—introduced follow-up legislation: Strengthening Transparency and Accountability in Federal Spending Act of 2008.[73]
Obama sponsored legislation that would have required nuclear plant owners to notify state and local authorities of radioactive leaks, but the bill failed to pass in the full Senate after being heavily modified in committee.[74] Regarding tort reform, Obama voted for the Class Action Fairness Act of 2005 and the FISA Amendments Act of 2008, which grants immunity from civil liability to telecommunications companies complicit with NSA warrantless wiretapping operations.[75]
In December 2006, President Bush signed into law the Democratic Republic of the Congo Relief, Security, and Democracy Promotion Act, marking the first federal legislation to be enacted with Obama as its primary sponsor.[77] In January 2007, Obama and Senator Feingold introduced a corporate jet provision to the Honest Leadership and Open Government Act, which was signed into law in September 2007.[78] Obama also introduced Deceptive Practices and Voter Intimidation Prevention Act, a bill to criminalize deceptive practices in federal elections,[79] and the Iraq War De-Escalation Act of 2007,[80] neither of which was signed into law.
Later in 2007, Obama sponsored an amendment to the Defense Authorization Act to add safeguards for personality-disorder military discharges.[81] This amendment passed the full Senate in the spring of 2008.[82] He sponsored the Iran Sanctions Enabling Act supporting divestment of state pension funds from Iran's oil and gas industry, which has not passed committee; and co-sponsored legislation to reduce risks of nuclear terrorism.[83] Obama also sponsored a Senate amendment to the State Children's Health Insurance Program, providing one year of job protection for family members caring for soldiers with combat-related injuries.[84]
Committees[link]
Obama held assignments on the Senate Committees for Foreign Relations, Environment and Public Works, and Veterans' Affairs through December 2006.[85] In January 2007, he left the Environment and Public Works committee and took additional assignments with Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions and Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.[86] He also became Chairman of the Senate's subcommittee on European Affairs.[87] As a member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Obama made official trips to Eastern Europe, the Middle East, Central Asia and Africa. He met with Mahmoud Abbas before Abbas became President of the Palestinian National Authority, and gave a speech at the University of Nairobi in which he condemned corruption within the Kenyan government.[88]
Presidential campaigns[link]
2008 presidential campaign[link]
Main articles: United States presidential election, 2008, Barack Obama presidential primary campaign, 2008, and Barack Obama presidential campaign, 2008
On February 10, 2007, Obama announced his candidacy for President of the United States in front of the Old State Capitol building in Springfield, Illinois.[89][90] The choice of the announcement site was viewed as symbolic because it was also where Abraham Lincoln delivered his historic "House Divided" speech in 1858.[89][91] Obama emphasized issues of rapidly ending the Iraq War, increasing energy independence, and providing universal health care,[92] in a campaign that projected themes of "hope" and "change".[93]
A large number of candidates entered the Democratic Party presidential primaries. The field narrowed to a duel between Obama and Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton after early contests, with the race remaining close throughout the primary process but with Obama gaining a steady lead in pledged delegates due to better long-range planning, superior fundraising, dominant organizing in caucus states, and better exploitation of delegate allocation rules.[94] On June 7, 2008, Clinton ended her campaign and endorsed Obama.[95]
On August 23, Obama announced his selection of Delaware Senator Joe Biden as his vice presidential running mate.[96] Biden was selected from a field speculated to include former Indiana Governor and Senator Evan Bayh and Virginia Governor Tim Kaine.[97] At the Democratic National Convention in Denver, Colorado, Hillary Clinton called for her supporters to endorse Obama, and she and Bill Clinton gave convention speeches in his support.[98] Obama delivered his acceptance speech, not at the center where the Democratic National Convention was held, but at Invesco Field at Mile High to a crowd of over 75,000; the speech was viewed by over 38 million people worldwide.[99][100]
During both the primary process and the general election, Obama's campaign set numerous fundraising records, particularly in the quantity of small donations.[101] On June 19, 2008, Obama became the first major-party presidential candidate to turn down public financing in the general election since the system was created in 1976.[102]
McCain was nominated as the Republican candidate and the two engaged in three presidential debates in September and October 2008.[103] On November 4, Obama won the presidency with 365 electoral votes to 173 received by McCain.[104] Obama won 52.9 percent of the popular vote to McCain's 45.7 percent.[105] He became the first African American to be elected president.[106] Obama delivered his victory speech before hundreds of thousands of supporters in Chicago's Grant Park.[107]
2012 presidential campaign[link]
Main articles: United States presidential election, 2012 and Barack Obama presidential campaign, 2012
On April 4, 2011, Obama announced his re-election campaign for 2012 in a video titled "It Begins with Us" that he posted on his website and filed election papers with the Federal Election Commission.[108][109][110] As the incumbent president he ran almost unopposed in the Democratic Party presidential primaries,[111] and on April 3, 2012, Obama had secured the 2778 convention delegates needed to win the Democratic nomination.[112]
Presidency[link]
Main article: Presidency of Barack Obama
See also: Confirmations of Barack Obama's Cabinet and List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama
First days[link]
The inauguration of Barack Obama as the 44th President, and Joe Biden as Vice President, took place on January 20, 2009. In his first few days in office, Obama issued executive orders and presidential memoranda directing the U.S. military to develop plans to withdraw troops from Iraq.[113] He ordered the closing of the Guantanamo Bay detention camp,[114] but Congress prevented the closure by refusing to appropriate the required funds.[115][116][117] Obama reduced the secrecy given to presidential records,[118] and changed procedures to promote disclosure under the Freedom of Information Act.[119] He also reversed George W. Bush's ban on federal funding to foreign establishments that allow abortions.[120]
Domestic policy[link]
The first bill signed into law by Obama was the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009, relaxing the statute of limitations for equal-pay lawsuits.[121] Five days later, he signed the reauthorization of the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) to cover an additional 4 million uninsured children.[122] In March 2009, Obama reversed a Bush-era policy which had limited funding of embryonic stem cell research and pledged to develop "strict guidelines" on the research.[123]
Obama appointed two women to serve on the Supreme Court in the first two years of his Presidency. Sonia Sotomayor, nominated by Obama on May 26, 2009, to replace retiring Associate Justice David Souter, was confirmed on August 6, 2009,[124] becoming the first Hispanic to be a Supreme Court Justice.[125] Elena Kagan, nominated by Obama on May 10, 2010, to replace retiring Associate Justice John Paul Stevens, was confirmed on August 5, 2010, bringing the number of women sitting simultaneously on the Court to three, for the first time in American history.[126]
On September 30, 2009, the Obama administration proposed new regulations on power plants, factories and oil refineries in an attempt to limit greenhouse gas emissions and to curb global warming.[127][128]
On October 8, 2009, Obama signed the Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act, a measure that expands the 1969 United States federal hate-crime law to include crimes motivated by a victim's actual or perceived gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, or disability.[129][130]
On March 30, 2010, Obama signed the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, a reconciliation bill which ends the process of the federal government giving subsidies to private banks to give out federally insured loans, increases the Pell Grant scholarship award, and makes changes to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.[131][132]
In a major space policy speech in April 2010, Obama announced a planned change in direction at NASA, the U.S. space agency. He ended plans for a return of human spaceflight to the moon and development of the Ares I rocket, Ares V rocket and Constellation program, in favor of funding Earth science projects, a new rocket type, and research and development for an eventual manned mission to Mars, and ongoing missions to the International Space Station.[133]
On December 22, 2010, Obama signed the Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010, fulfilling a key promise made in the 2008 presidential campaign[134][135] to end the Don't ask, don't tell policy of 1993 that had prevented gay and lesbian people from serving openly in the United States Armed Forces.[136]
President Obama's 2011 State of the Union Address focused on themes of education and innovation, stressing the importance of innovation economics to make the United States more competitive globally. He spoke of a five-year freeze in domestic spending, eliminating tax breaks for oil companies and reversing tax cuts for wealthy Americans, banning congressional earmarks, and reducing healthcare costs. He promised that the United States would have one million electric vehicles on the road by 2015 and would be 80% reliant on "clean" electricity.[137][138]
As a candidate for the Illinois state senate Obama had said in 1996 that he favored legalizing same-sex marriage;[139] but by the time of his run for the U.S. senate in 2004, he said that while he supported civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex partners, for strategic reasons he opposed same-sex marriages.[140] On May 9, 2012, shortly after the official launch of his campaign for re-election as president, Obama said his views had evolved, and he publicly affirmed his personal support for the legalization of same-sex marriage, becoming the first sitting U.S. president to do so.[141][142]
Economic policy[link]
Main article: Economic policy of Barack Obama
On February 17, 2009, Obama signed the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, a $787 billion economic stimulus package aimed at helping the economy recover from the deepening worldwide recession.[143] The act includes increased federal spending for health care, infrastructure, education, various tax breaks and incentives, and direct assistance to individuals,[144] which is being distributed over the course of several years.
In March, Obama's Treasury Secretary, Timothy Geithner, took further steps to manage the financial crisis, including introducing the Public-Private Investment Program for Legacy Assets, which contains provisions for buying up to $2 trillion in depreciated real estate assets.[145] Obama intervened in the troubled automotive industry[146] in March 2009, renewing loans for General Motors and Chrysler to continue operations while reorganizing. Over the following months the White House set terms for both firms' bankruptcies, including the sale of Chrysler to Italian automaker Fiat[147] and a reorganization of GM giving the U.S. government a temporary 60 percent equity stake in the company, with the Canadian government shouldering a 12 percent stake.[148] In June 2009, dissatisfied with the pace of economic stimulus, Obama called on his cabinet to accelerate the investment.[149] He signed into law the Car Allowance Rebate System, known colloquially as "Cash for Clunkers", that temporarily boosted the economy.[150][151][152]
Although spending and loan guarantees from the Federal Reserve and the Treasury Department authorized by the Bush and Obama administrations totaled about $11.5 trillion, only $3 trillion had been spent by the end of November 2009.[153] However, Obama and the Congressional Budget Office predicted that the 2010 budget deficit will be $1.5 trillion or 10.6 percent of the nation's gross domestic product (GDP) compared to the 2009 deficit of $1.4 trillion or 9.9 percent of GDP.[154][155] For 2011, the administration predicted the deficit will slightly shrink to $1.34 trillion, while the 10-year deficit will increase to $8.53 trillion or 90 percent of GDP.[156] The most recent increase in the U.S. debt ceiling to $16.4 trillion was signed into law on January 26, 2012.[157] On August 2, 2011, after a lengthy congressional debate over whether to raise the nation's debt limit, Obama signed the bipartisan Budget Control Act of 2011. The legislation enforces limits on discretionary spending until 2021, establishes a procedure to increase the debt limit, creates a Congressional Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction to propose further deficit reduction with a stated goal of achieving at least $1.5 trillion in budgetary savings over 10 years, and establishes automatic procedures for reducing spending by as much as $1.2 trillion if legislation originating with the new joint select committee does not achieve such savings.[158] By passing the legislation, Congress was able to prevent an unprecedented U.S. government default on its obligations.[159]
The unemployment rate rose in 2009, reaching a peak in October at 10.1 percent and averaging 10.0 percent in the fourth quarter. Following a decrease to 9.7 percent in the first quarter of 2010, the unemployment rate fell to 9.6 percent in the second quarter, where it remained for the rest of the year.[162] Between February and December 2010, employment rose by 0.8 percent, which was less than the average of 1.9 percent experienced during comparable periods in the past four employment recoveries.[163] GDP growth returned in the third quarter of 2009, expanding at a rate of 1.6 percent, followed by a 5.0 percent increase in the fourth quarter.[164] Growth continued in 2010, posting an increase of 3.7 percent in the first quarter, with lesser gains throughout the rest of the year.[164] In July 2010, the Federal Reserve expressed that although economic activity continued to increase, its pace had slowed, and Chairman Ben Bernanke stated that the economic outlook was "unusually uncertain."[165] Overall, the economy expanded at a rate of 2.9 percent in 2010.[166]
The Congressional Budget Office and a broad range of economists credit Obama's stimulus plan for economic growth.[167][168] The CBO released a report stating that the stimulus bill increased employment by 1–2.1 million,[168][169][170][171] while conceding that "It is impossible to determine how many of the reported jobs would have existed in the absence of the stimulus package."[167] Although an April 2010 survey of members of the National Association for Business Economics showed an increase in job creation (over a similar January survey) for the first time in two years, 73 percent of 68 respondents believed that the stimulus bill has had no impact on employment.[172]
Within a month of the 2010 midterm elections, Obama announced a compromise deal with the Congressional Republican leadership that included a temporary, two-year extension of the 2001 and 2003 income tax rates, a one-year payroll tax reduction, continuation of unemployment benefits, and a new rate and exemption amount for estate taxes.[173] The compromise overcame opposition from some in both parties, and the resulting $858 billion Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010 passed with bipartisan majorities in both houses of Congress before Obama signed it on December 17, 2010.[174]
Health care reform[link]
Main article: Health care reform in the United States
Obama called for Congress to pass legislation reforming health care in the United States, a key campaign promise and a top legislative goal.[175] He proposed an expansion of health insurance coverage to cover the uninsured, to cap premium increases, and to allow people to retain their coverage when they leave or change jobs. His proposal was to spend $900 billion over 10 years and include a government insurance plan, also known as the public option, to compete with the corporate insurance sector as a main component to lowering costs and improving quality of health care. It would also make it illegal for insurers to drop sick people or deny them coverage for pre-existing conditions, and require every American carry health coverage. The plan also includes medical spending cuts and taxes on insurance companies that offer expensive plans.[176][177]
On July 14, 2009, House Democratic leaders introduced a 1,017-page plan for overhauling the U.S. health care system, which Obama wanted Congress to approve by the end of 2009.[175] After much public debate during the Congressional summer recess of 2009, Obama delivered a speech to a joint session of Congress on September 9 where he addressed concerns over the proposals.[178] In March 2009, Obama lifted a ban on stem cell research.[179]
File:PPACA Premium Chart.jpg
Maximum Out-of-Pocket Premium as Percentage of Family Income and federal poverty level, under Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, starting in 2014. (Source: CRS)
On November 7, 2009, a health care bill featuring the public option was passed in the House.[180][181] On December 24, 2009, the Senate passed its own bill—without a public option—on a party-line vote of 60–39.[182] On March 21, 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act passed by the Senate in December was passed in the House by a vote of 219 to 212.[183] Obama signed the bill into law on March 23, 2010.[184]
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act includes health-related provisions to take effect over four years, including expanding Medicaid eligibility for people making up to 133 percent of the federal poverty level (FPL) starting in 2014,[185] subsidizing insurance premiums for people making up to 400 percent of the FPL ($88,000 for family of four in 2010) so their maximum "out-of-pocket" payment for annual premiums will be from 2 to 9.5 percent of income,[186][187] providing incentives for businesses to provide health care benefits, prohibiting denial of coverage and denial of claims based on pre-existing conditions, establishing health insurance exchanges, prohibiting annual coverage caps, and support for medical research. According to White House and Congressional Budget Office figures, the maximum share of income that enrollees would have to pay would vary depending on their income relative to the federal poverty level.[186][188]
The costs of these provisions are offset by taxes, fees, and cost-saving measures, such as new Medicare taxes for those in high-income brackets, taxes on indoor tanning, cuts to the Medicare Advantage program in favor of traditional Medicare, and fees on medical devices and pharmaceutical companies;[189] there is also a tax penalty for those who do not obtain health insurance, unless they are exempt due to low income or other reasons.[190] In March, 2010, the Congressional Budget Office estimated that the net effect of both laws will be a reduction in the federal deficit by $143 billion over the first decade.[191]
In March 2012, the Supreme Court heard arguments by a coalition of 26 states maintaining that it is unconstitutional to force individuals to buy health insurance.[192]
Gulf of Mexico oil spill[link]
On April 20, 2010, an explosion destroyed an offshore drilling rig at the Macondo Prospect in the Gulf of Mexico, causing a major sustained oil leak. The well's operator, BP, initiated a containment and cleanup plan, and began drilling two relief wells intended to stop the flow. Obama visited the Gulf on May 2 among visits by members of his cabinet, and again on May 28 and June 4. On May 22, he announced a federal investigation and formed a bipartisan commission to recommend new safety standards, after a review by Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar and concurrent Congressional hearings. On May 27, he announced a 6-month moratorium on new deepwater drilling permits and leases, pending regulatory review.[193] As multiple efforts by BP failed, some in the media and public expressed confusion and criticism over various aspects of the incident, and stated a desire for more involvement by Obama and the federal government.[194]
Foreign policy[link]
Main articles: Foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration and Barack Obama foreign policy
In February and March, Vice President Joe Biden and Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton made separate overseas trips to announce a "new era" in U.S. foreign relations with Russia and Europe, using the terms "break" and "reset" to signal major changes from the policies of the preceding administration.[195] Obama attempted to reach out to Arab leaders by granting his first interview to an Arab cable TV network, Al Arabiya.[196]
On March 19, Obama continued his outreach to the Muslim world, releasing a New Year's video message to the people and government of Iran.[197] This attempt at outreach was rebuffed by the Iranian leadership.[198] In April, Obama gave a speech in Ankara, Turkey, which was well received by many Arab governments.[199] On June 4, 2009, Obama delivered a speech at Cairo University in Egypt calling for "a new beginning" in relations between the Islamic world and the United States and promoting Middle East peace.[200]
On June 26, 2009, in response to the Iranian government's actions towards protesters following Iran's 2009 presidential election, Obama said: "The violence perpetrated against them is outrageous. We see it and we condemn it."[201] On July 7, while in Moscow, he responded to a Vice President Biden comment on a possible Israeli military strike on Iran by saying: "We have said directly to the Israelis that it is important to try and resolve this in an international setting in a way that does not create major conflict in the Middle East."[202]
On September 24, 2009, Obama became the first sitting U.S. president to preside over a meeting of the United Nations Security Council.[203]
In March 2010, Obama took a public stance against plans by the government of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to continue building Jewish housing projects in predominantly Arab neighborhoods of East Jerusalem.[204][205] During the same month, an agreement was reached with the administration of Russian President Dmitry Medvedev to replace the 1991 Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty with a new pact reducing the number of long-range nuclear weapons in the arsenals of both countries by about one-third.[206] The New START treaty was signed by Obama and Medvedev in April 2010, and was ratified by the U.S. Senate in December 2010.[207]
On December 6, 2011, he instructed agencies to consider LGBT rights when issuing financial aid to foreign countries.[208]
Iraq War[link]
On February 27, 2009, Obama declared that combat operations in Iraq would end within 18 months. His remarks were made to a group of Marines preparing for deployment to Afghanistan. Obama said, "Let me say this as plainly as I can: By August 31, 2010, our combat mission in Iraq will end."[209] The Obama administration scheduled the withdrawal of combat troops to be completed by August 2010, decreasing troops levels from 142,000 while leaving a transitional force of 35,000 to 50,000 in Iraq until the end of 2011. On August 19, 2010, the last United States combat brigade exited Iraq. The plan is to transition the mission of the remaining troops from combat operations to counter-terrorism and the training, equipping, and advising of Iraqi security forces.[210][211] On August 31, 2010, Obama announced that the United States combat mission in Iraq was over.[212] On October 21, 2011 President Obama announced that all U.S. troops would leave Iraq in time to be, "home for the holidays".[213]
War in Afghanistan[link]
Main article: War in Afghanistan (2001–present)
Early in his presidency, Obama moved to bolster U.S. troop strength in Afghanistan.[214] He announced an increase to U.S. troop levels of 17,000 in February 2009 to "stabilize a deteriorating situation in Afghanistan", an area he said had not received the "strategic attention, direction and resources it urgently requires".[215] He replaced the military commander in Afghanistan, General David D. McKiernan, with former Special Forces commander Lt. Gen. Stanley A. McChrystal in May 2009, indicating that McChrystal's Special Forces experience would facilitate the use of counterinsurgency tactics in the war.[216] On December 1, 2009, Obama announced the deployment of an additional 30,000 military personnel to Afghanistan.[217] He also proposed to begin troop withdrawals 18 months from that date.[218][219] McChrystal was replaced by David Petraeus in June 2010, after McChrystal's staff criticized White House personnel in a magazine article.[220]
Israel[link]
During the initial years of the Obama administration, the U.S. increased military cooperation with Israel, including a record number of U.S. troops participating in military exercises in the country, increased military aid, the re-establishment of the U.S.-Israeli Joint Political Military Group and the Defense Policy Advisory Group, and an increase in visits among high-level military officials of both countries, including Ehud Barak and Admiral Mike Mullen.[221]
In 2011, the United States vetoed a Security Council resolution condemning Israeli settlements, with the United States being the only nation to do so.[222] Obama supports the two-state solution to the Arab–Israeli conflict based on the 1967 borders with land swaps.[223]
War in Libya[link]
Main article: 2011 military intervention in Libya
In March 2011, as forces loyal to Muammar Gaddafi advanced on rebels across Libya, calls for a no-fly zone came from around the world, including Europe, the Arab League, and a resolution[224] passed unanimously by the U.S. Senate.[225] In response to the unanimous passage of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973 on March 17, Gaddafi who had previously vowed to "show no mercy" to the citizens of Benghazi[226]—announced an immediate cessation of military activities,[227] yet reports came in that his forces continued shelling Misrata. The next day, on Obama's orders, the U.S. military took a lead role in air strikes to destroy the Libyan government's air defense capabilities in order to protect civilians and enforce a no-fly-zone,[228] including the use of Tomahawk missiles, B-2 Spirits, and fighter jets.[229][230][231] Six days later, on March 25, by unanimous vote of all of its 28 members, NATO took over leadership of the effort, dubbed Operation Unified Protector.[232] Some Representatives[233] questioned whether Obama had the constitutional authority to order military action in addition to questioning its cost, structure and aftermath.[234][235]
Osama bin Laden[link]
Main article: Death of Osama bin Laden
See also: The Situation Room (photograph)
Starting with information received in July 2010, intelligence developed by the CIA over the next several months determined what they believed to be the location of Osama bin Laden in a large compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan, a suburban area 35 miles from Islamabad.[236] CIA head Leon Panetta reported this intelligence to President Obama in March 2011.[236] Meeting with his national security advisers over the course of the next six weeks, Obama rejected a plan to bomb the compound, and authorized a "surgical raid" to be conducted by United States Navy SEALs.[236] The operation took place on May 1, 2011, resulting in the death of bin Laden and the seizure of papers and computer drives and disks from the compound.[237][238] Bin Laden's body was identified through DNA testing,[239] and buried at sea several hours later.[240] Within minutes of the President's announcement from Washington, DC, late in the evening on May 1, there were spontaneous celebrations around the country as crowds gathered outside the White House, and at New York City's Ground Zero and Times Square.[237][241] Reaction to the announcement was positive across party lines, including from former Presidents Bill Clinton and George W. Bush,[242] and from many countries around the world.[243]
2010 midterm election[link]
Obama called the November 2, 2010 election, where the Democratic Party lost 63 seats in, and control of, the House of Representatives,[244] "humbling" and a "shellacking".[245] He said that the results came because not enough Americans had felt the effects of the economic recovery.[246]
Cultural and political image[link]
Main article: Public image of Barack Obama
Obama's family history, upbringing, and Ivy League education differ markedly from those of African American politicians who launched their careers in the 1960s through participation in the civil rights movement.[248] Obama is also not a descendant of American slaves.[249] Expressing puzzlement over questions about whether he is "black enough", Obama told an August 2007 meeting of the National Association of Black Journalists that "we're still locked in this notion that if you appeal to white folks then there must be something wrong".[250] Obama acknowledged his youthful image in an October 2007 campaign speech, saying: "I wouldn't be here if, time and again, the torch had not been passed to a new generation."[251]
Obama is frequently referred to as an exceptional orator.[252] During his pre-inauguration transition period and continuing into his presidency, Obama has delivered a series of weekly Internet video addresses.[253]
According to the Gallup Organization, Obama began his presidency with a 68 percent approval rating[254] before gradually declining for the rest of the year, and eventually bottoming out at 41 percent in August 2010,[255] a trend similar to Ronald Reagan's and Bill Clinton's first years in office.[256] He experienced a small poll bounce shortly after the death of Osama bin Laden, which lasted until around June 2011, when his approval numbers dropped back to where they were prior to the operation.[257][258][259] Polls show strong support for Obama in other countries,[260] and before being elected President he has met with prominent foreign figures including then-British Prime Minister Tony Blair,[261] Italy's Democratic Party leader and then Mayor of Rome Walter Veltroni,[262] and French President Nicolas Sarkozy.[263]
In a February 2009 poll conducted by Harris Interactive for France 24 and the International Herald Tribune, Obama was rated as the most respected world leader, as well as the most powerful.[264] In a similar poll conducted by Harris in May 2009, Obama was rated as the most popular world leader, as well as the one figure most people would pin their hopes on for pulling the world out of the economic downturn.[265][266]
Obama won Best Spoken Word Album Grammy Awards for abridged audiobook versions of Dreams from My Father in February 2006 and for The Audacity of Hope in February 2008.[267] His concession speech after the New Hampshire primary was set to music by independent artists as the music video "Yes We Can", which was viewed 10 million times on YouTube in its first month[268] and received a Daytime Emmy Award.[269] In December 2008, Time magazine named Obama as its Person of the Year for his historic candidacy and election, which it described as "the steady march of seemingly impossible accomplishments".[270]
On October 9, 2009, the Norwegian Nobel Committee announced that Obama had won the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize "for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples".[271] Obama accepted this award in Oslo, Norway on December 10, 2009, with "deep gratitude and great humility."[272] The award drew a mixture of praise and criticism from world leaders and media figures.[273][274] Obama is the fourth U.S. president to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize and the third to become a Nobel laureate while in office.
Family and personal life[link]
Main article: Family of Barack Obama
In a 2006 interview, Obama highlighted the diversity of his extended family: "It's like a little mini-United Nations", he said. "I've got relatives who look like Bernie Mac, and I've got relatives who look like Margaret Thatcher."[275] Obama has a half-sister with whom he was raised, Maya Soetoro-Ng, the daughter of his mother and her Indonesian second husband and seven half-siblings from his Kenyan father's family – six of them living.[276] Obama's mother was survived by her Kansas-born mother, Madelyn Dunham,[277] until her death on November 2, 2008,[278] two days before his election to the Presidency. Obama also has roots in Ireland; he met with his Irish cousins in Moneygall in May 2011.[279] In Dreams from My Father, Obama ties his mother's family history to possible Native American ancestors and distant relatives of Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War.[280]
Obama was known as "Barry" in his youth, but asked to be addressed with his given name during his college years.[281] Besides his native English, Obama speaks Indonesian at the conversational level, having learned the language during his four childhood years in Jakarta.[282] He plays basketball, a sport he participated in as a member of his high school's varsity team.[283]
Obama is a well known supporter of the Chicago White Sox, and threw out the first pitch at the 2005 ALCS when he was still a senator.[284] In 2009, he threw out the ceremonial first pitch at the all star game while wearing a White Sox jacket.[285] He is also primarily a Chicago Bears fan in the NFL, but in his childhood and adolescence was a fan of the Pittsburgh Steelers, and recently rooted for them ahead of their victory in Super Bowl XLIII 12 days after Obama took office as President.[286] In 2011, Obama invited the 1985 Bears to the White House; in 1986, the team did not attend due to the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster.[287]
In June 1989, Obama met Michelle Robinson when he was employed as a summer associate at the Chicago law firm of Sidley Austin.[288] Assigned for three months as Obama's adviser at the firm, Robinson joined him at group social functions, but declined his initial requests to date.[289] They began dating later that summer, became engaged in 1991, and were married on October 3, 1992.[290] The couple's first daughter, Malia Ann, was born on July 4, 1998,[291] followed by a second daughter, Natasha ("Sasha"), on June 10, 2001.[292] The Obama daughters attended the private University of Chicago Laboratory Schools. When they moved to Washington, D.C., in January 2009, the girls started at the private Sidwell Friends School.[293] The Obamas have a Portuguese Water Dog named Bo, a gift from Senator Ted Kennedy.[294]
Applying the proceeds of a book deal, the family moved in 2005 from a Hyde Park, Chicago condominium to a $1.6 million house in neighboring Kenwood, Chicago.[295] The purchase of an adjacent lot—and sale of part of it to Obama by the wife of developer, campaign donor and friend Tony Rezko—attracted media attention because of Rezko's subsequent indictment and conviction on political corruption charges that were unrelated to Obama.[296]
In December 2007, Money magazine estimated the Obama family's net worth at $1.3 million.[297] Their 2009 tax return showed a household income of $5.5 million—up from about $4.2 million in 2007 and $1.6 million in 2005—mostly from sales of his books.[298][299] On his 2010 income of $1.7 million, he gave 14 percent to non-profit organizations, including $131,000 to Fisher House Foundation, a charity assisting wounded veterans' families, allowing them to reside near where the veteran is receiving medical treatments.[300][301]
As per the latest financial disclosure, Obama may be worth as much as $10 million.[302]
Obama tried to quit smoking several times, sometimes using nicotine replacement therapy, and, in early 2010, Michelle Obama said that he had successfully quit smoking.[303][304]
Religious views[link]
Obama is a Christian whose religious views developed in his adult life. He wrote in The Audacity of Hope that he "was not raised in a religious household". He described his mother, raised by non-religious parents (whom Obama has specified elsewhere as "non-practicing Methodists and Baptists"), to be detached from religion, yet "in many ways the most spiritually awakened person that I have ever known". He described his father as "raised a Muslim", but a "confirmed atheist" by the time his parents met, and his stepfather as "a man who saw religion as not particularly useful". Obama explained how, through working with black churches as a community organizer while in his twenties, he came to understand "the power of the African-American religious tradition to spur social change".[305]
In an interview with the evangelical periodical Christianity Today, Obama stated: "I am a Christian, and I am a devout Christian. I believe in the redemptive death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. I believe that that faith gives me a path to be cleansed of sin and have eternal life."[306]
On September 27, 2010, Obama released a statement commenting on his religious views saying "I'm a Christian by choice. My family didn't—frankly, they weren't folks who went to church every week. And my mother was one of the most spiritual people I knew, but she didn't raise me in the church. So I came to my Christian faith later in life, and it was because the precepts of Jesus Christ spoke to me in terms of the kind of life that I would want to lead—being my brothers' and sisters' keeper, treating others as they would treat me."[307][308]
Obama was baptized at the Trinity United Church of Christ, a black liberation church, in 1988, and was an active member there for two decades.[309] Obama resigned from Trinity during the Presidential campaign after controversial statements made by Rev. Jeremiah Wright became public.[310] After a prolonged effort to find a church to attend regularly in Washington, Obama announced in June 2009 that his primary place of worship would be the Evergreen Chapel at Camp David.[311]
Notes[link]
- ^ "President Barack Obama". Washington, D.C.: The White House. 2008. http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/president-obama. Retrieved December 12, 2008.
- ^ a b "Certificate of Live Birth: Barack Hussein Obama II, August 4, 1961, 7:24 pm, Honolulu". Department of Health, State of Hawaii. The White House. April 27, 2011. http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/rss_viewer/birth-certificate-long-form.pdf. Retrieved April 27, 2011.
- ^ "American President: Barack Obama". Charlottesville, VA: Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. 2009. http://millercenter.org/academic/americanpresident/obama. Retrieved January 23, 2009. "Religion: Christian"
- "The Truth about Barack's Faith". Obama for America. http://www.fightthesmears.com/file_download/2/baracksfaith.pdf. Retrieved April 8, 2011.
- Miller, Lisa (July 18, 2008). "Finding his faith". Newsweek. http://www.newsweek.com/id/145971. Retrieved February 4, 2010. "He is now a Christian, having been baptized in the early 1990s at Trinity United Church of Christ in Chicago."
- Barakat, Matthew (November 17, 2008). "Obama's church choice likely to be scrutinized; D.C. churches have started extending invitations to Obama and his family". Associated Press. MSNBC. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/27775757. Retrieved January 20, 2009. "The United Church of Christ, the denomination from which Obama resigned when he left Wright's church, issued a written invitation to join a UCC denomination in Washington and resume his connections to the church." .
- "Barack Obama, long time UCC member, inaugurated forty-fourth U.S. President". News. United Church of Christ. January 20, 2009. http://www.ucc.org/news/obama-inauguration.html. Retrieved January 21, 2009. "Barack Obama, who spent more than 20 years as a UCC member, is the forty-fourth President of the United States."
- Sullivan, Amy (June 29, 2009). "The Obama's find a church home—away from home". Time. http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1907610,00.html. Retrieved February 5, 2010. "instead of joining a congregation in Washington, D.C., he will follow in George W. Bush's footsteps and make his primary place of worship Evergreen Chapel, the nondenominational church at Camp David." .
- Kornblut, Anne E. (February 4, 2010). "Obama's spirituality is largely private, but it's influential, advisers say". The Washington Post: p. A6. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/02/03/AR2010020303619.html. Retrieved February 5, 2010. "Obama prays privately ... And when he takes his family to Camp David on the weekends, a Navy chaplain ministers to them, with the daughters attending a form of Sunday school there."
- ^ a b Maraniss, David (August 24, 2008). "Though Obama had to leave to find himself, it is Hawaii that made his rise possible". The Washington Post: p. A22. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/08/23/AR2008082301620.html. Retrieved October 28, 2008.
- ^ Nakaso, Dan (December 22, 2008). "Twin sisters, Obama on parallel paths for years". The Honolulu Advertiser: p. B1. http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2008/Dec/22/ln/hawaii812220320.html. Retrieved January 22, 2011.
- ^ Rudin, Ken (December 23, 2009). "Today's Junkie segment On TOTN: a political review Of 2009". Talk of the Nation (Political Junkie blog). NPR. http://www.npr.org/blogs/politicaljunkie/2009/12/todays_junkie_segment_on_totn_5.html. Retrieved April 18, 2010. "We began with the historic inauguration on January 20—yes, the first president ever born in Hawaii"
- ^ for Stanley Ann's first name, see Obama (1995, 2004), p. 19.
- ^ Ewen MacAskill in Washington and Nicholas Watt (May 20, 2011). "Obama looks forward to rediscovering his Irish roots on European tour". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/may/20/obama-irish-roots-european-tour. Retrieved August 3, 2011.
- ^ Mason, Jeff (May 23, 2011). "Obama visits family roots in Ireland". Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/05/23/us-obama-ireland-idUSTRE74M09F20110523. Retrieved August 3, 2011.
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- ^ a b Obama (1995, 2004), pp. 9–10.
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- Obama (1995, 2004), pp. 44–45.
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- Obama (1995, 2004), Chapters 3 and 4.
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- Obama (1995, 2004), Chapters 4 and 5.
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- Obama (1995, 2004), pp. 93–94.
- for analysis of the political impact of the quote and Obama's more recent admission that he smoked marijuana as a teenager ("When I was a kid, I inhaled"), see:
- Seelye, Katharine Q. (October 24, 2006). "Obama offers more variations from the norm". The New York Times: p. A21. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D07E2DB173FF937A15753C1A9609C8B63. Retrieved October 29, 2006.
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- Remnick, David (2010). The Bridge: The Life and Rise of Barack Obama. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. pp. 98–112. ISBN 978-1-4000-4360-6.
- Obama (1995, 2004), pp. 92–112.
- Mendell (2007), pp. 55–62.
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- Obama (1995, 2004), pp. 133–140.
- Mendell (2007), pp. 62–63.
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- Obama (1995, 2004), pp. 140–295.
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Knoepfle, Peg, ed. (1990). After Alinsky: community organizing in Illinois. Springfield, IL: Sangamon State University. pp. 35–40. ISBN 0-9620873-3-5. "He has also been a consultant and instructor for the Gamaliel Foundation, an organizing institute working throughout the Midwest." - ^ Obama (1995, 2004), pp. 299–437.
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- Obama (1995, 2004), pp. xiii–xvii.
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- ^ Slevin, Peter (February 9, 2007). "Obama Forged Political Mettle in Illinois Capitol". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/02/08/AR2007020802262.html. Retrieved April 20, 2008. Helman, Scott (September 23, 2007). "In Illinois, Obama dealt with Lobbyists". The Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2007/09/23/in_illinois_obama_dealt_with_lobbyists/. Retrieved April 20, 2008. See also:"Obama Record May Be Gold Mine for Critics". CBS News. Associated Press. January 17, 2007. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/01/17/politics/main2369157.shtml. Retrieved April 20, 2008.
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- ^ "President Obama Hangs Out With America", The White House, January 30, 2012.
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- ^ Harris, Paul (March 4, 2007). "Obama told of family's slave-owning history in deep South". The Observer (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2007/mar/04/uselections2008.barackobama. Retrieved April 18, 2010.
- ^ Payne, Les (August 19, 2007). "In One Country, a Dual Audience" (paid archive). Newsday (New York). http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/newsday/access/1322008241.html?dids=1322008241:1322008241&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT. Retrieved April 7, 2008.
- ^ Dorning, Mike (October 4, 2007). "Obama Reaches Across Decades to JFK" (paid archive). Chicago Tribune. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/1353513781.html?dids=1353513781:1353513781&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct+4%2C+2007&author=Mike+Dorning. Retrieved April 7, 2008. See also:Harnden, Toby (October 15, 2007). "Barack Obama is JFK Heir, Says Kennedy Aide". The Daily Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1565992/Barack-Obama-is-JFK-heir%2C-says-Kennedy-aide.html. Retrieved April 7, 2008.
- ^ Holmes, Stephanie (November 30, 2008). "Obama: Oratory and originality". The Age (Melbourne). http://www.theage.com.au/world/a-classic-orator-obama-learnt-from-the-masters-20081129-6nf1.html. Retrieved December 11, 2008.
- Gallo, Carmine (March 3, 2008). "How to Inspire People Like Obama Does". BusinessWeek. http://www.businessweek.com/smallbiz/content/mar2008/sb2008033_156351.htm. Retrieved February 21, 2009.
- Zlomislic, Diana (December 11, 2008). "New emotion dubbed 'elevation". Toronto Star. http://www.thestar.com/living/article/551538. Retrieved December 11, 2008.
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- ^ "YouTube – ChangeDotGov's Channel". Youtube. http://www.youtube.com/user/ChangeDotGov. Retrieved April 18, 2010.
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- ^ "Obama hits low point in Gallup Poll – 41%". USA Today. April 15, 2011. http://content.usatoday.com/communities/theoval/post/2011/04/obama-hits-low-point-in-gallup-poll/1. Retrieved June 19, 2011.
- ^ Jon Terbush (December 9, 2010). "Approval By Numbers: How Obama Compares To Past Presidents". Tpmdc.talkingpointsmemo.com. http://tpmdc.talkingpointsmemo.com/2010/12/approval-by-numbers-how-obama-compares-to-past-presidents.php. Retrieved June 19, 2011.
- ^ Oliphant, James (May 11, 2011). "Bin Laden bounce? New poll shows jump in Obama approval", Los Angeles Times. Accessed June 7, 2011
- ^ Balz, Dan; Cohen, John (June 6, 2011). "Obama loses bin Laden bounce; Romney on the move among GOP contenders", The Washington Post. Accessed June 7, 2011
- ^ Henningsen, Patrick (May 23, 2011). "Washington Still Working Hard to Plug Gaps in The Bin Laden Story", 21st Century Wire. Accessed June 7, 2011
- ^ "World wants Obama as president: poll". Reuters. ABC News. September 9, 2008. http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/09/09/2360240.htm.
- ^ "Obama to visit nuclear, biological weapons destruction facilities in former Soviet Union" (Press release). Obama.senate.gov. August 24, 2005. Archived from the original on December 18, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20081218122125/http://obama.senate.gov/press/050823-obama_to_visit/. Retrieved October 12, 2011.
- ^ Scherer, Steve (September 12, 2007). "Rome Mayor's Leadership Bid May Lead to Early Italian Elections". Bloomberg. http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601085&sid=aea6jJJwShpQ&refer=europe. Retrieved May 21, 2011.
- ^ Pedder, Sophie (February 20, 2008). "Sarkozy, Obama and McCain". The Economist. http://www.economist.com/blogs/certainideasofeurope/2008/02/sarkozy_obama_and_mccain.cfm. Retrieved November 20, 2008.
- ^ Freed, John C. (February 6, 20009). "Poll shows Obama atop list of most respected". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/06/world/americas/06iht-poll.4.19983290.html. Retrieved January 22, 2012.
- ^ "Obama Most Popular Leader, Poll Finds". The New York Times. May 29, 2009. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/29/world/europe/29iht-poll.html. Retrieved January 22, 2012.
- ^ "Obama remains a popular symbol of hope". France 24. June 2, 2009. Archived from the original on May 13, 2011. http://web.archive.org/web/20110513050036/http://www.france24.com/en/20090529-obama-remains-popular-symbol-hope-harris-interactive-poll-world-leaders. Retrieved January 22, 2012.
- ^ Goodman, Dean (February 10, 2008). "Obama or Clinton? Grammys go for Obama". Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/musicNews/idUSN0852813420080210. Retrieved November 24, 2008.
- ^ Strange, Hannah (March 5, 2008). "Celebrities join YouTube revolution". The Times (London). http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article3491460.ece. Retrieved December 18, 2008.
- ^ Wappler, Margaret (June 20, 2008). "Emmys give knuckle bump to will.i.am; more videos on the way". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on May 16, 2011. http://web.archive.org/web/20110516090327/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/soundboard/2008/06/emmys-give-knuc.html. Retrieved January 26, 2012.
- ^ Von Drehle, David (December 16, 2008). "Why History Can't Wait". Time. http://www.time.com/time/specials/2008/personoftheyear/article/0,31682,1861543_1865068,00.html. Retrieved December 17, 2008.
- ^ "The Nobel Peace Prize 2009". Nobel Foundation. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2009/. Retrieved October 9, 2009.
- ^ "Obama: 'Peace requires responsibility'". CNN. December 10, 2009. http://www.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/12/10/obama.transcript/index.html. Retrieved May 21, 2011.
- ^ Philp, Catherine (October 10, 2009). "Barack Obama's peace prize starts a fight". The Times (London). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article6868905.ece. Retrieved October 10, 2009.
- ^ Samuelsohn, Darren (October 9, 2009). "Obama Wins Nobel Prize in Part for Confronting 'Great Climatic Challenges'". The New York Times. Greenwire. http://www.nytimes.com/gwire/2009/10/09/09greenwire-obama-wins-nobel-prize-in-part-for-confronting-55250.html. Retrieved April 18, 2010.
- ^ "Keeping Hope Alive: Barack Obama Puts Family First". The Oprah Winfrey Show. October 18, 2006. http://www.oprah.com/slideshow/oprahshow/oprahshow1_ss_20061018/10. Retrieved June 24, 2008.
- ^ Fornek, Scott (September 9, 2007). "Half Siblings: 'A Complicated Family'". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on January 18, 2010. http://www.webcitation.org/5msGZ6sKn. Retrieved June 24, 2008. See also:"Interactive Family Tree". Chicago Sun-Times. September 9, 2007. Archived from the original on July 3, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080703042659/http://www.suntimes.com/images/cds/special/family_tree.html. Retrieved June 24, 2008.
- ^ Fornek, Scott (September 9, 2007). "Madelyn Payne Dunham: 'A Trailblazer'". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on May 14, 2009. http://www.webcitation.org/5gm7oJqn9. Retrieved June 24, 2008.
- ^ "Obama's grandmother dies after battle with cancer". CNN. November 3, 2008. http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/11/03/obama.grandma/index.html. Retrieved November 4, 2008.
- ^ Smolenyak, Megan (May 9, 2011). "Tracing Barack Obama's Roots to Moneygall". The Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/megan-smolenyak-smolenyak/tracing-barack-obamas-roo_b_859151.html.
- ^ Obama (1995, 2004), p. 13. For reports on Obama's maternal genealogy, including slave owners, Irish connections, and common ancestors with George W. Bush, Dick Cheney, and Harry Truman, see:Nitkin, David; Harry Merritt (March 2, 2007). "A New Twist to an Intriguing Family History". Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070930033339/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/nationworld/politics/bal-te.obama02mar02,0,3453027.story. Retrieved June 24, 2008. Jordan, Mary (May 13, 2007). "Tiny Irish Village Is Latest Place to Claim Obama as Its Own". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/12/AR2007051201551.html. Retrieved June 24, 2008. "Obama's Family Tree Has a Few Surprises". CBS 2 (Chicago). Associated Press. September 8, 2007. Archived from the original on June 2, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080602215833/http://cbs2chicago.com/topstories/Barack.Obama.family.2.339709.html. Retrieved June 24, 2008.
- ^ "When Barry Became Barack". Newsweek. March 31, 2008. http://www.newsweek.com/id/128633. Retrieved November 6, 2008.
- ^ Zimmer, Benjamin (2009). "Obama's Indonesian Redux". Language Log. http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=1025. Retrieved March 12, 2009.
- ^ Kantor, Jodi (June 1, 2007). "One Place Where Obama Goes Elbow to Elbow". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/01/us/politics/01hoops.html. Retrieved April 28, 2008. See also: "The Love of the Game" (video). Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel (HBO). April 15, 2008. http://www.hbo.com/real-sports-with-bryant-gumbel/episodes#/real-sports-with-bryant-gumbel/episodes/0/133-april-15-2008/index.html. Retrieved October 12, 2011.
- ^ "Barack Obama: White Sox 'serious' ball". The Swamp. August 25, 2008. http://www.swamppolitics.com/news/politics/blog/2008/08/barack_obama_white_sox_serious.html. Retrieved December 6, 2009.
- ^ "Barack Obama Explains White Sox Jacket, Talks Nats in All-Star Booth Visit". MLB Fanhouse. July 14, 2009. http://mlb.fanhouse.com/2009/07/14/barack-obama-explains-white-sox-jacket-talks-nats-in-all-star-b/. Retrieved December 6, 2009.
- ^ Branigin, William (January 30, 2009). "Steelers Win Obama's Approval". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/01/29/AR2009012903196.html. "But other than the Bears, the Steelers are probably the team that's closest to my heart."
- ^ "1985 Bears honored by President Obama". Chicagobears.com. 2011-10-07. http://www.chicagobears.com/news/NewsStory.asp?story_id=8232. Retrieved 2012-05-29.
- ^ Obama (2006), pp. 327–332. See also:Brown, Sarah (December 7, 2005). "Obama '85 masters balancing act". The Daily Princetonian. http://www.dailyprincetonian.com/2005/12/07/14049. Retrieved February 9, 2009.
- ^ Obama (2006), p. 329.
- ^ Fornek, Scott (October 3, 2007). "Michelle Obama: 'He Swept Me Off My Feet'". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on January 18, 2010. http://www.webcitation.org/5msGZDbMO. Retrieved April 28, 2008.
- ^ Martin, Jonathan (July 4, 2008). "Born on the 4th of July". Politico. http://www.politico.com/blogs/jonathanmartin/0708/Born_on_the_4th_of_July.html. Retrieved July 10, 2008.
- ^ Obama (1995, 2004), p. 440, and Obama (2006), pp. 339–340. See also:"Election 2008 Information Center: Barack Obama". Gannett News Service. http://www.gannettnewsservice.com/?cat=153. Retrieved April 28, 2008.
- ^ "Obamas choose private Sidwell Friends School", International Herald Tribune, November 22, 2008
- ^ Cooper, Helene (April 13, 2009). "One Obama Search Ends With a Puppy Named Bo". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/13/us/politics/13obama.html. Retrieved December 22, 2010.
- ^ Zeleny, Jeff (December 24, 2005). "The first time around: Sen. Obama's freshman year". Chicago Tribune. http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/chi-051224obama,0,1779783,full.story. Retrieved April 28, 2008.
- ^ Slevin, Peter (December 17, 2006). "Obama says he regrets land deal with fundraiser". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/12/16/AR2006121600729.html. Retrieved June 10, 2008.
- Robinson, Mike (June 4, 2008). "Rezko found guilty in corruption case". Associated Press. MSNBC. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/24973282/. Retrieved June 24, 2008.
- ^ Harris, Marlys (December 7, 2007). "Obama's Money". CNNMoney.com. http://money.cnn.com/galleries/2007/moneymag/0712/gallery.candidates.moneymag/5.html. Retrieved April 28, 2008.
See also:Goldfarb, Zachary A (March 24, 2007). "Measuring Wealth of the '08 Candidates". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/24/AR2007032400305.html. Retrieved April 28, 2008. - ^ Zeleny, Jeff (April 17, 2008). "Book Sales Lifted Obamas' Income in 2007 to a Total of $4.2 Million". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/17/us/politics/17obama.html. Retrieved April 28, 2008.
- ^ Shear, Michael D.; Hilzenrath, David S. (April 16, 2010). "Obamas report $5.5 million in income on 2009 tax return". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/04/15/AR2010041504485.html. Retrieved December 22, 2010.
- ^ Solman, Paul (April 18, 2011). "How Much Did President Obama Make in 2010?". PBS NewsHour. http://www.pbs.org/newshour/businessdesk/2011/04/how-much-did-president-obama-m.html. Retrieved January 27, 2012.
- ^ Solman, Paul (April 27, 2011). "The Obamas Gave $131,000 to Fisher House Foundation in 2010; What Is It?". PBS NewsHour. http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/2011/04/the-obamas-gave-131000-to-the-fisher-house-foundation-last-year-what-is-it.html. Retrieved January 27, 2012.
- ^ Jackson, David (May 15, 2012). "Obama worth as much as $10 million". USA Today. Retrieved May 15, 2012.
- ^ Elsner, Alan (December 7, 2008). Obama says he won't be smoking in White House". Reuters. Retrieved February 28, 2010.
- ^ Zengerle, Patricia (February 8, 2011). "Yes, he did: first lady says Obama quit smoking". Reuters. Retrieved May 9, 2011.
- ^ Obama (2006), pp. 202–208. Portions excerpted in:Obama, Barack (October 16, 2006). "My Spiritual Journey". Time. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1546579,00.html. Retrieved April 28, 2008.
- Obama, Barack (June 28, 2006). "'Call to Renewal' Keynote Address". Barack Obama: U.S. Senator for Illinois. Archived from the original on January 4, 2009. http://web.archive.org/web/20090104231501/http://obama.senate.gov/speech/060628-call_to_renewal/. Retrieved June 16, 2008.
- ^ Christianity Today: "Q&A: Barack Obama" Interview by Sarah Pulliam and Ted Olsen, January 23, 2008
- ^ Obama 'Christian By Choice': President Responds To Questioner by Charles Babington and Darlene Superville, Associated Press, September 28, 2010
- ^ Video – President Obama: "I am a Christian By Choice" by ABC News, September 29, 2010.
- ^ Kantor, Jodi (April 30, 2007). "Barack Obama's search for faith". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/30/world/americas/30iht-30obama.5501905.html. Retrieved April 30, 2007.
- ^ "Obama's church choice likely to be scrutinized". Associated Press. MSNBC. November 17, 2008. Retrieved January 20, 2009.
- ^ Sullivan, Amy (June 29, 2009.) "The Obamas Find a Church Home—Away from Home". Time. Retrieved December 14, 2009.
References[link]
- Mendell, David (2007). Obama: From Promise to Power. New York: Amistad/HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-085820-6.
- Obama, Barack (1995, 2004). Dreams from My Father: A Story of Race and Inheritance. New York: Three Rivers Press. ISBN 1-4000-8277-3.
- Obama, Barack (2006). The Audacity of Hope: Thoughts on Reclaiming the American Dream. New York: Crown Publishing Group. ISBN 0-307-23769-9.
Further reading[link]
- Graff, Garrett. "The Legend of Barack Obama", Washingtonian, November 1, 2006. Retrieved January 14, 2008.
- Koltun, Dave (2005) "The 2004 Illinois Senate Race: Obama Wins Open Seat and Becomes National Political "Star"" in "The Road to Congress 2004" Editors: Sunil Ahuja (Youngstown State University) and Robert Dewhirst (Truman State University), Nova Science Publishers, Hauppauge, New York, 2005, ISBN 1-59454-360-7
- Lizza, Ryan. "Above the Fray", GQ, September 2007. Retrieved October 27, 2010.
- MacFarquhar, Larissa. "The Conciliator: Where is Barack Obama Coming From?", New Yorker, May 7, 2007. Retrieved January 14, 2008.
- McClelland, Edward, Young Mr. Obama: Chicago and the Making of a Black President, Bloomsbury Press, 2010.
- Zutter, Hank De. "What Makes Obama Run?", Chicago Reader, December 8, 1995. Retrieved January 14, 2008.
External links[link]
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- Official
- President Barack Obama White House official website
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- Other
- Biography at WhoRunsGov.com at The Washington Post
- Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
- Voting record maintained by The Washington Post
- Biography, voting record, and interest group ratings at Project Vote Smart
- Congressional profile at GovTrack
- Issue positions and quotes at On the Issues
- Financial information at OpenSecrets.org
- Staff salaries, trips and personal finance at LegiStorm.com
- Campaign finance reports and data at the Federal Election Commission
- Campaign contributions at the National Institute for Money in State Politics
- Appearances on C-SPAN programs
- Appearances on Charlie Rose
- Appearances at the Internet Movie Database
- Collected news and commentary at The New York Times
- Collected news and commentary at The Wall Street Journal
- Collected news and commentary at The Guardian
- Works by or about Barack Obama in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
- Collected news and commentary at the Chicago Tribune
- Barack Obama at the Open Directory Project
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Obama, Barack |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | American politician, 44th President of the United States |
| Date of birth | August 4, 1961 |
| Place of birth | Honolulu, Hawaii, United States |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Barack_Obama
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
