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SWEETEST SURPRISE! - August 16, 2012 - itsJudysLife Vlog
- Order: Reorder
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Fear Files - Episode 16 - 19th August 2012
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The Buddy Project 16th August 2012 HQ
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 20:32
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No copyright infringment intended. This video belongs to Star India. KD and Kiya argue with each other. Piddi intends to take revenge against Anirudh and hir...
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[v] Gumrah 2 - 16 August 2012 Episode Part 1/2 !!DHQ!!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:27
- Updated: 13 May 2013
http://wn.com/_v_Gumrah_2_16_August_2012_Episode_Part_1_2_!!DHQ!!
Comedy Festival -- - August 16 Part 1/5
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:58
- Updated: 16 Aug 2012
Comedy Festival -- - August 16 Part 1/5
http://wn.com/Comedy_Festival_-_August_16_Part_1_5
Comedy Festival -- - August 16 Part 1/5
- published: 16 Aug 2012
- views: 4140
Lil Reese Discusses "Don't Like" Mixtape - Selector
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:02
- Updated: 24 May 2013
SUBSCRIBE to Pitchfork.tv: http://bit.ly/yK2Fbp WATCH more episodes of 'Selector': http://bit.ly/L96fNu ------ Lil Reese chooses to freestyle between beats b...
http://wn.com/Lil_Reese_Discusses_Don't_Like_Mixtape_Selector
SUBSCRIBE to Pitchfork.tv: http://bit.ly/yK2Fbp WATCH more episodes of 'Selector': http://bit.ly/L96fNu ------ Lil Reese chooses to freestyle between beats b...
- published: 16 Aug 2012
- views: 68191
- author: Pitchfork TV
Dishanirdesh: Pushpa Basnet, Social Worker - August 16 2012 Part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:02
- Updated: 10 Mar 2013
Part 2: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D7ljWWEdOlo Part 3: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2GbjbWYKCuc A Social Worker student, Pushpa Basnet , gathered the c...
http://wn.com/Dishanirdesh_Pushpa_Basnet,_Social_Worker_August_16_2012_Part_1
Part 2: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D7ljWWEdOlo Part 3: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2GbjbWYKCuc A Social Worker student, Pushpa Basnet , gathered the c...
- published: 16 Aug 2012
- views: 4185
- author: Ramhari Suwal
[v] The Buddy Project - 16 August 2012 Episode 16 Part 1/2 !!DHQ!!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:54
- Updated: 16 Aug 2012
http://wn.com/_v_The_Buddy_Project_16_August_2012_Episode_16_Part_1_2_!!DHQ!!
- published: 16 Aug 2012
- views: 6798
Lokpal meet unsuccessful, Anna Hazare to fast from August 16
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:05
- Updated: 04 Oct 2011
New Delhi, June 22 (ANI): After the government and the civil society representatives failed to arrive at a common draft on the Lokpal Bill in their final mee...
http://wn.com/Lokpal_meet_unsuccessful,_Anna_Hazare_to_fast_from_August_16
New Delhi, June 22 (ANI): After the government and the civil society representatives failed to arrive at a common draft on the Lokpal Bill in their final mee...
- published: 22 Jun 2011
- views: 1786
- author: ANImultimedia
[v] The Buddy Project - 16 August 2012 Episode 16 Part 2/2 !!DHQ!!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:59
- Updated: 16 Aug 2012
http://wn.com/_v_The_Buddy_Project_16_August_2012_Episode_16_Part_2_2_!!DHQ!!
- published: 16 Aug 2012
- views: 5782
Dishanirdesh: Pushpa Basnet, Social Worker - August 16 2012 Part 3
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:30
- Updated: 07 Feb 2013
Part 1: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hhBHg0wgC_w&feature;=g-all-li Part 2: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D7ljWWEdOlo A Social Worker student, Pushpa Basnet...
http://wn.com/Dishanirdesh_Pushpa_Basnet,_Social_Worker_August_16_2012_Part_3
Part 1: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hhBHg0wgC_w&feature;=g-all-li Part 2: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D7ljWWEdOlo A Social Worker student, Pushpa Basnet...
- published: 16 Aug 2012
- author: Ramhari Suwal
Democracy Now! National and Global News Headlines for Thursday, August 16
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:16
- Updated: 30 Oct 2012
DemocracyNow.org - This is a summary of news headlines from the United States and around the world as reported by Democracy Now! on Thursday, August 16. For ...
http://wn.com/Democracy_Now!_National_and_Global_News_Headlines_for_Thursday,_August_16
DemocracyNow.org - This is a summary of news headlines from the United States and around the world as reported by Democracy Now! on Thursday, August 16. For ...
- published: 16 Aug 2012
- views: 944
- author: Democracy Now!
Manchester United Bolton | Cristiano Ronaldo Debut August 16, 2003
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 29:12
- Updated: 30 May 2013
Debut August 16, 2003 Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comm...
http://wn.com/Manchester_United_Bolton_|_Cristiano_Ronaldo_Debut_August_16,_2003
Debut August 16, 2003 Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comm...
- published: 28 Nov 2012
- views: 86422
- author: theswildfowl
Dishanirdesh: Pushpa Basnet, Social Worker - August 16 2012 Part 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 17:11
- Updated: 21 Apr 2013
Part 1: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hhBHg0wgC_w&feature;=g-all-lik Part 3: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2GbjbWYKCuc A Social Worker student, Pushpa Basne...
http://wn.com/Dishanirdesh_Pushpa_Basnet,_Social_Worker_August_16_2012_Part_2
Part 1: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hhBHg0wgC_w&feature;=g-all-lik Part 3: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2GbjbWYKCuc A Social Worker student, Pushpa Basne...
- published: 16 Aug 2012
- author: Ramhari Suwal
August 16 Gem County Sheriff's Office SWAT raid
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:51
- Updated: 24 May 2013
Officers from the Gem County Sheriff's Office attack the home of Michael "Bear" Gibbons and Marcella Cruz. The officer who assaulted Marcella Cruz has been i...
http://wn.com/August_16_Gem_County_Sheriff's_Office_SWAT_raid
Officers from the Gem County Sheriff's Office attack the home of Michael "Bear" Gibbons and Marcella Cruz. The officer who assaulted Marcella Cruz has been i...
- published: 10 Oct 2012
- views: 38826
- author: FreedomZealot
![[v] Dil Dostii Dance - 16 August 2012 Episode Part 2/2 !!DHQ!!](http://web.archive.org./web/20130531145426im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/NcUXUu3W9MY/default.jpg "[v] Dil Dostii Dance - 16 August 2012 Episode Part 2/2 !!DHQ!!")
[v] Dil Dostii Dance - 16 August 2012 Episode Part 2/2 !!DHQ!!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:55
- Updated: 16 Aug 2012
http://wn.com/_v_Dil_Dostii_Dance_16_August_2012_Episode_Part_2_2_!!DHQ!!
- published: 16 Aug 2012
- views: 7962
3MIN News August 16, 2012: Ocean Health Index
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:00
- Updated: 24 Mar 2013
Earthquake/Solar Flare Watch: http://youtu.be/zd7Z6dmABf8 [August 12-18, 2012] [EXPLANATION Video For Earthquake Watches] Last Quake Watch: http://youtu.be/S...
http://wn.com/3MIN_News_August_16,_2012_Ocean_Health_Index
Earthquake/Solar Flare Watch: http://youtu.be/zd7Z6dmABf8 [August 12-18, 2012] [EXPLANATION Video For Earthquake Watches] Last Quake Watch: http://youtu.be/S...
- published: 16 Aug 2012
- views: 18510
- author: Suspicious0bservers
Wilco - August 16, 1999
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 71:32
- Updated: 29 Apr 2013
http://wn.com/Wilco_August_16,_1999
Democracy Now! National and Global News Headlines for Tuesday, August 16, 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:47
- Updated: 21 Mar 2012
DemocracyNow.org - This is a summary of news headlines from the United States and around the world as reported by Democracy Now! on Tuesday, August 16, 2011....
http://wn.com/Democracy_Now!_National_and_Global_News_Headlines_for_Tuesday,_August_16,_2011
DemocracyNow.org - This is a summary of news headlines from the United States and around the world as reported by Democracy Now! on Tuesday, August 16, 2011....
- published: 16 Aug 2011
- views: 858
- author: Democracy Now!
► The Mailbox - August 16, 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 17:22
- Updated: 17 Aug 2011
mailbox@cynicalbrit.com Away at Gamescom until 22nd August
http://wn.com/►_The_Mailbox_August_16,_2011
mailbox@cynicalbrit.com Away at Gamescom until 22nd August
- published: 17 Aug 2011
- views: 110470
Modulation Example, digital, STANAG 4285, 6383 kHz, USB, August 16, 2011, 1119 UTC
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:53
- Updated: 05 May 2013
This is an example of a digital signal often found on HF, this is STANAG 4285. S4285 is almost always encrypted and is used widely by NATO forces. In this ca...
http://wn.com/Modulation_Example,_digital,_STANAG_4285,_6383_kHz,_USB,_August_16,_2011,_1119_UTC
This is an example of a digital signal often found on HF, this is STANAG 4285. S4285 is almost always encrypted and is used widely by NATO forces. In this ca...
- published: 05 Apr 2013
- views: 202
- author: FirstToken
photo: AP / Ng Han Guan
28 May 2013
May 28, 2013 -- Updated 2150 GMT (0550 HKT). (CNN) -- A new SARS-like virus recently found in humans is "a threat to the entire world," according to the director-general of the United Nations' World Health Organization ... The world needs to pull together its resources to properly tackle the virus which, Chan said, is her "greatest concern" at present ... "We do not know where the virus hides in nature ... These are alarm bells ... 0 ... SHARE THIS ... U.S. ....(size: 5.6Kb)
photo: Creative Commons / Xabier Eskisabel
30 May 2013
Syria has already received the first shipment of an advanced Russian air defence system, Syria's President Bashar al-Assad is reported to have said in a Lebanese TV interview. Russia vowed to go ahead with sending the weapons soon after an EU decision not to renew an arms embargo on Syria. Mr Assad is also reported to have told Hezbollah-linked Al Manar TV that also said the tide of the war was turning ... Hezbollah ... Type ... Source ... ....(size: 3.1Kb)
photo: US Army
30 May 2013
So-called killer robots are due to be discussed at the UN Human Rights Council, meeting in Geneva. A report presented to the meeting will call for a moratorium on their use while the ethical questions they raise are debated ... They include ... ....(size: 1.5Kb)
photo: AP / Nigerian Army
31 May 2013
The three suspects were arrested between May 16 and May 28 in the north's biggest city Kano, said Captain Ikedichi Iweha, the city's military spokesman in a written statement. All suspects reportedly admitted to being members of Hezbollah under questioning ... elaborate ... The secret service detained the first suspect, Mustapha Fawaz, on May 16 at his supermarket in Kano. His interrogation ... 566 Source. ... China Rising ... ....(size: 8.8Kb)
photo: AP / Karim Kadim
30 May 2013
QASSIM ABDUL-ZAHRA. Associated Press= BAGHDAD (AP) — A series of bomb explosions in Baghdad and the northern Iraqi city of Mosul on Thursday killed at least 16 people and wounded dozens in the latest eruption of violence rattling the country, officials said. Iraq is facing its most relentless wave of bloodshed since the 2011 U.S ... More than 500 people have been killed in May ... Most of Thursday's blasts went off in Baghdad ... led invasion ... ---....(size: 4.2Kb)
Edit
Zeenews
31 May 2013
Indore ... He further told the court that after the murder Zaheda had a phone conversation with him ... As you sow, so shall you reap." ... Shehla was shot dead outside her Bhopal residence on August 16, 2011 ... According to Gupta, Dhruvnarayan had called him on August 16, 2011 and gave him the news of murder ... PTI ... ....(size: 1.6Kb)
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The Siasat Daily
31 May 2013
May 30.. A prosecution witness in the RTI activist Shehla Masood murder case told the court here today that the main accused, Zaheda Parvez, had become "possessive" about BJP MLA Dhruvnarayan Singh and resented Masood's friendship with him ... Shehla was shot dead outside her Bhopal residence on August 16, 2011 ... According to Gupta, Dhruvnarayan had called him on August 16, 2011 and gave him the news of murder ... Recommend Twitter. Comments(0)....(size: 2.5Kb)
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Business Wire
31 May 2013
HUNTINGTON, N.Y.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Cold Spring Country Club's consummate golf professional, Austin Straub, is retiring at the end of this season after 27 years at the club. He will be honored at the club at a dinner on August 16. “it will be a very sad day for the club, no longer having him around to inspire us with his knowledge and love of the game, extraordinary teaching skills and unique personality.” ... ... Contacts ... ....(size: 3.7Kb)
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noodls
31 May 2013
(Source. Mississippi Braves). Wood is the 13th M-Brave to receive a direct promotion to Atlanta from Mississippi ... The scoreless streak ran from April 12 through May 3 and broke Tommy Hanson's record of 17.2 scoreless innings, set August 4-16, 2008 ... ... During the 2012 season at Georgia, the redshirt sophomore posted a 2.73 ERA in 16 games, the best by any Georgia starter in 24 seasons (Dave Fleming, 2.08 in 1989) ... distributed by....(size: 3.5Kb)
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Baltimore Sun
31 May 2013
LOS ANGELES (TheWrap.com) - With a long awards season on the horizon, Oscar winner Forest Whitaker may be adding another prestige project to his plate, as he's in talks to play Martin Luther King Jr ... Story follows Dr ... Script finds Dr ... Whitaker, who won an Oscar for "The Last King of Scotland," next stars in Lee Daniels' drama "The Butler," which the Weinstein Company will release on August 16 ... ....(size: 2.3Kb)
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Business Day
31 May 2013
Related articles. Vavi voices fears on unemployment and poverty Government has only itself to blame for mining woes, says Amcu leader Dramatic Zuma intervention fails to halt currency’s plunge to R10/$ In this article. Companies and organisations ... National Union of Mineworkers People ... The labour unrest in the mining sector climaxed in the Marikana tragedy, which saw 34 miners killed in a bloody shooting by police on August 16 ... ....(size: 3.1Kb)
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Entertainment Weekly
31 May 2013
• Johnny Depp is a busy man ... But, the actor did decide to exit the Barry Levinson-directed Whitey Bulger biopic Black Mass, reportedly due to a salary cut asked of Depp, who had been circling the project for some time and officially committed in late February 2013 ... [THR] ... Whitaker can be seen next in Lee Daniels’ The Butler (out August 16) and Scott Cooper’s Out of the Furnace (out October 4). [The Wrap] ... [Deadline] ... • CSI ... ....(size: 3.1Kb)
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Business Wire
31 May 2013
ALPHARETTA, Ga.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Neenah Paper, Inc. (NYSE.NP) announced today that its Board of Directors approved a 33 percent increase in the regular dividend on the Company's common stock ... The first installment at the new rate of $0.20 per share is scheduled to be paid on September 3, 2013 to shareholders of record as of August 16, 2013 ... About Neenah ... Additional information can be found at the company's web site, www.neenah.com ... ....(size: 6.8Kb)
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Canberra Times
31 May 2013
Get going. Dewa Beach Resort. Coconut Christmas. Escape Travel is offering a Fiji package for those already considering Christmas holiday plans. This package includes return flights to Nadi and four nights' accommodation at the four-star Naviti Resort in a garden-view room ... Use of the Kids Club is complimentary per stay ... See dusit.com ... The property has a special going for the yacht racing event, Airlie Beach Race Week, from August 9 to 16 ... ....(size: 4.7Kb)
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CNN
31 May 2013
May 31, 2013 -- Updated 0900 GMT (1700 HKT). Katherine Jackson. Michael's mother, 82, was deposed for nine hours over three days by AEG Live lawyers ... Prince Jackson ... Prince, who turned 16 in February, is becoming more independent -- he now has a driver's license and jobs. Paris Jackson ... Blanket Jackson ... Kevin Boyle ... Dr ... 1 ... Presley collapsed in the bathroom of his Memphis, Tennessee, mansion -- Graceland -- on August 16, 1977, at the age of 42....(size: 17.0Kb)
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noodls
30 May 2013
... be valid. Four finalists will be selected from valid entries the week of August 5, 2013- August 16, 2013by the marketing department at Radiancy. Those finalists will have their design hosted on Radiancy's Facebook page from August 19, 2013- August 23, 2013. The winner will be announced via Facebook on August 26, 2013....(size: 5.7Kb)
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noodls
30 May 2013
(Source. FBI - Federal Bureau of Investigation) ... Attorney Ronald C ... Sullivan ... According to the government's evidence, on August 16, 2012, Boteler contacted an undercover officer with the FBI's Child Exploitation Task Force, who had entered a social network site. On August 16 and August 17, 2012, Boteler engaged in online e-mail and instant message conversations with the undercover officer, whom Boteler believed was the father of a child....(size: 2.9Kb)
| << | August 2012 | >> | ||||
| Su | Mo | Tu | We | Th | Fr | Sa |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||
| 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 |
| 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 |
| 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 |
| 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
| MMXII | ||||||
| August 16 in recent years |
| 2011 (Tuesday) |
| 2010 (Monday) |
| 2009 (Sunday) |
| 2008 (Saturday) |
| 2007 (Thursday) |
| 2006 (Wednesday) |
| 2005 (Tuesday) |
| 2004 (Monday) |
| 2003 (Saturday) |
| 2002 (Friday) |
August 16 is the 228th day of the year (229th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 137 days remaining until the end of the year.
Contents |
Events[link]
- 1296 – A huge fire destroyes almost the whole city of Dubrovnik.
- 1328 – The House of Gonzaga seizes power in the Duchy of Mantua, and will rule until 1708.
- 1513 – Battle of Guinegate (Battle of the Spurs) – King Henry VIII of England defeats French Forces who are then forced to retreat.
- 1777 – American Revolutionary War: The Americans led by General John Stark rout British and Brunswick troops under Friedrich Baum at the Battle of Bennington in Walloomsac, New York.
- 1780 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Camden – The British defeat the Americans near Camden, South Carolina.
- 1792 – Maximilien Robespierre presents the petition of the Commune of Paris to the Legislative Assembly, which demanded the formation of a revolutionary tribunal.
- 1793 – French Revolution: a levée en masse is decreed by the National Convention.
- 1812 – War of 1812: American General William Hull surrenders Fort Detroit without a fight to the British Army.
- 1819 – Seventeen people die and over 600 are injured in cavalry charges at a public meeting at St. Peter's Field, Manchester, England.
- 1841 – U.S. President John Tyler vetoes a bill which called for the re-establishment of the Second Bank of the United States. Enraged Whig Party members riot outside the White House in the most violent demonstration on White House grounds in U.S. history.
- 1858 – U.S. President James Buchanan inaugurates the new transatlantic telegraph cable by exchanging greetings with Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. However, a weak signal forces a shutdown of the service in a few weeks.
- 1859 – The Tuscan National Assembly formally deposes the House of Habsburg-Lorraine.
- 1863 – The Dominican Restoration War begins when Gregorio Luperón raises the Dominican flag in Santo Domingo after Spain had recolonized the country.
- 1869 – Battle of Acosta Ñu: A Paraguayan battalion made up of children is massacred by the Brazilian Army during the Paraguayan War.
- 1870 – Franco-Prussian War: The Battle of Mars-La-Tour is fought, resulting in a Prussian victory.
- 1891 – The Basilica of San Sebastian in Manila, the first all-steel church in Asia, is officially inaugurated and blessed.
- 1896 – Skookum Jim Mason, George Carmack and Dawson Charlie discover gold in a tributary of the Klondike River in Canada, setting off the Klondike Gold Rush.
- 1900 – the Battle of Elands River during the Second Boer War ends after a 13-day siege is lifted by the British. The battle had begun when a force of between 2,000 and 3,000 Boers had surrounded a force of 500 Australians, Rhodesians, Canadians and British soldiers at a supply dump at Brakfontein Drift.
- 1906 – An estimated 8.2 MW earthquake hits Valparaíso, Chile, killing 3,886 people.
- 1913 – Tōhoku Imperial University of Japan (modern day Tōhoku University) becomes the first university in Japan to admit female students.
- 1913 – Completion of the Royal Navy battlecruiser HMS Queen Mary.
- 1914 – World War I: Battle of Cer begins.
- 1920 – Ray Chapman of the Cleveland Indians is hit on the head by a fastball thrown by Carl Mays of the New York Yankees, and dies early the next day. Chapman was the second player to die from injuries sustained in a Major League Baseball game, the first being Doc Powers in 1909.
- 1920 – The congress of the Communist Party of Bukhara opens. The congress would call for armed revolution.
- 1927 – The Dole Air Race begins from Oakland, California, to Honolulu, Hawaii, during which six out of the eight participating planes crash or disappear.
- 1929 – The 1929 Palestine riots break out in the British Mandate of Palestine between Arabs and Jews and continue until the end of the month. In total, 133 Jews and 116 Arabs are killed.
- 1930 – The first color sound cartoon, called Fiddlesticks, is made by Ub Iwerks.
- 1942 – World War II: The two-person crew of the U.S. naval blimp L-8 disappears without a trace on a routine anti-submarine patrol over the Pacific Ocean. The blimp drifts without her crew and crash-lands in Daly City, California.
- 1944 – First flight of the Junkers Ju 287.
- 1945 – An assassination attempt is made on Japan's prime minister, Kantaro Suzuki.
- 1945 – Puyi, the last Chinese emperor and ruler of Manchukuo, is captured by Soviet troops.
- 1946 – Mass riots in Kolkata begin, in which more than 4,000 would be killed in 72 hours.
- 1960 – Cyprus gains its independence from the United Kingdom.
- 1960 – Joseph Kittinger parachutes from a balloon over New Mexico at 102,800 feet (31,300 m), setting three records that still stand today: High-altitude jump, free-fall, and highest speed by a human without an aircraft.
- 1962 – Eight years after the remaining French India territories were handed to India, the ratifications of the treaty are exchanged to make the transfer official.
- 1964 – Vietnam War: A coup d'état replaces Duong Van Minh with General Nguyen Khanh as President of South Vietnam. A new constitution is established with aid from the U.S. Embassy.
- 1966 – Vietnam War: The House Un-American Activities Committee begins investigations of Americans who have aided the Viet Cong. The committee intends to introduce legislation making these activities illegal. Anti-war demonstrators disrupt the meeting and 50 people are arrested.
- 1972 – In an unsuccessful coup d'état attempt, the Royal Moroccan Air Force fires upon Hassan II of Morocco's plane while he is traveling back to Rabat.
- 1987 – Northwest Airlines Flight 255 a McDonnell Douglas MD-82 crashes after take off in Detroit, killing 154 of the 155 on board, plus 2 people on the ground.
- 1989 – A solar flare from the Sun creates a geomagnetic storm that affects micro chips, leading to a halt of all trading on Toronto's stock market.
Births[link]
- 1355 – Countess Philippa Plantagenet of Ulster (d. 1382)
- 1378 – Hongxi Emperor of China (d. 1425)
- 1401 – Jacqueline, Countess of Hainaut, dauphine of France (d. 1436)
- 1557 – Agostino Carracci, Italian artist (d. 1602)
- 1573 – Queen Anna of Austria of Poland (d. 1598)
- 1596 – Frederick V, Elector Palatine (d. 1632)
- 1637 – Emilie Juliane of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, German countess and poet (d. 1706)
- 1645 – Jean de La Bruyère, French writer (d. 1696)
- 1650 – Vincenzo Coronelli, Italian cartographer and encyclopedist (d. 1718)
- 1682 – Louis, duc de Bourgogne, dauphin of France (d. 1712)
- 1761 – Yevstigney Fomin, Russian composer (d. 1800)
- 1815 – John Bosco, Italian priest and educator (d. 1888)
- 1820 – Andrew Rainsford Wetmore, Canadian politician (d. 1892)
- 1831 – John Jones Ross, Quebec politician (d. 1901)
- 1832 – Wilhelm Wundt, German psychologist (d. 1920)
- 1842 – Jakob Rosanes, German mathematician (d. 1922)
- 1845 – Gabriel Lippmann, French physicist, Nobel laureate (d. 1921)
- 1856 – Aparicio Saravia, Uruguayan politician and military leader (d. 1904)
- 1858 – Arthur Achleitner, German writer (d. 1927)
- 1860 – Jules Laforgue, French poet (d. 1887)
- 1860 – Martin Hawke, 7th Baron Hawke, England cricketer (d. 1938)
- 1862 – Amos Alonzo Stagg, American coach (d. 1965)
- 1868 – Bernarr McFadden, American publisher (d. 1955)
- 1876 – Ivan Bilibin, Russian illustrator (d. 1942)
- 1876 – Julian Ashby Burruss, American academic (d. 1947)
- 1877 – Roque Ruaño, Spanish priest-civil engineer (d. 1935)
- 1882 – Christian Mortensen, Danish-born American supercentenarian (d. 1998)
- 1884 – Hugo Gernsback, Luxembourg-born editor and publisher (d. 1967)
- 1888 – T. E. Lawrence, English writer and soldier (d. 1935)
- 1888 – Armand J. Piron, American musician (d. 1943)
- 1892 – Otto Messmer, American cartoonist (d. 1983)
- 1894 – George Meany, American labor union leader (d. 1980)
- 1895 – Albert Cohen, Swiss novelist (d. 1981)
- 1895 – Liane Haid, Austrian actress (d. 2000)
- 1902 – Georgette Heyer, English novelist (d. 1974)
- 1904 – Wendell Meredith Stanley, American chemist, Nobel laureate (d. 1971)
- 1908 – William Keepers Maxwell, Jr., American novelist and editor (d. 2000)
- 1908 – Orlando Cole, American classical cellist and educator (d. 2010)
- 1909 – Paul Callaway, American organist and choral conductor (d. 1995)
- 1911 – E. F. Schumacher, German economist and statistician (d. 1977)
- 1912 – Ted Drake, English footballer (d. 1995)
- 1913 – Menachem Begin, Israeli statesman, Nobel laureate (d. 1992)
- 1915 – Al Hibbler, American singer (d. 2001)
- 1916 – Iggy Katona, American race car driver (d. 2003)
- 1917 – Roque Cordero, Panamanian composer (d. 2008)
- 1920 – Charles Bukowski, American poet (d. 1994)
- 1922 – Ernie Freeman, American pianist and arranger (d. 2001)
- 1923 – Millôr Fernandes, Brazilian playwright
- 1924 – Fess Parker, American actor (d. 2010)
- 1924 – Inez Voyce, American female baseball player
- 1925 – Willie Jones, American baseball player (d. 1983)
- 1928 – Ann Blyth, American actress
- 1928 – Eydie Gormé, American singer
- 1928 – Eddie Kirkland, American blues guitarist, harmonicist, singer, and songwriter (d. 2011)
- 1929 – Bill Evans, American jazz pianist (d. 1980)
- 1929 – Helmut Rahn, German footballer (d. 2003)
- 1929 – Wyatt Tee Walker, American civil rights activist
- 1929 – Fritz Von Erich, American professional wrestler (d. 1997)
- 1930 – Robert Culp, American actor (d. 2010)
- 1930 – Frank Gifford, American football player and announcer
- 1930 – Tony Trabert, American former tennis player
- 1933 – Julie Newmar, American actress
- 1933 – Stuart Roosa, American astronaut (d. 1994)
- 1934 – Diana Wynne Jones, British author (d. 2011)
- 1934 – Ketty Lester, American singer
- 1934 – Pierre Richard, French actor
- 1934 – Donnie Dunagan, American actor
- 1934 – John Standing, English actor
- 1935 – Andreas Stamatiadis, Greek footballer and coach
- 1935 – Cliff Fletcher, Canadian National Hockey League executive
- 1937 – David Anderson, Canadian politician
- 1937 – David Behrman, US composer and producer
- 1939 – Sir Trevor Mcdonald, Trinidadian-born British television newsreader
- 1939 – Seán Brady, Cardinal-Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland
- 1940 – Bruce Beresford, Australian film director
- 1940 – John Craven, English journalist and television presenter
- 1941 – Théoneste Bagosora, Rwandan army officer and alleged war criminal
- 1942 – Barbara George, American singer and songwriter (d. 2006)
- 1943 – Sharon Baird, American actress and tap dancer
- 1943 – Woody Peoples, American football player (d. 2010)
- 1945 – Suzanne Farrell, American ballet dancer
- 1945 – Kevin Ayers, English singer-songwriter
- 1946 – Massoud Barzani, Iraqi Kurdish politician
- 1946 – Lesley Ann Warren, American actress
- 1946 – Dick Murdoch, American professional wrestler (d. 1996)
- 1947 – Carol Moseley Braun, American politician and lawyer
- 1947 – Katharine Hamnett, English fashion designer
- 1947 – Marc Messier, Canadian actor
- 1948 – Mike Jorgensen, American baseball player
- 1948 – Pierre Reid, Canadian politician and teacher
- 1948 – Barry Hay, Indian-born Dutch singer (Golden Earring)
- 1949 – Scott Asheton, American musician (The Stooges)
- 1949 – Bill Spooner, musician, guitarist, and songwriter
- 1949 – Barbara Goodson, American voice actress
- 1950 – Hasely Crawford, Trinidadian athlete
- 1950 – Marshall Manesh, Iranian-born American actor
- 1950 – Stockwell Day, Canadian politician
- 1950 – Jeff Thomson, Australian cricketer
- 1951 – Richard Hunt, American puppeteer (d. 1992)
- 1951 – Umaru Yar'Adua, Nigerian politician (d. 2010)
- 1952 – Reginald VelJohnson, American actor
- 1952 – Gianna Rolandi, American soprano, opera director and instructor
- 1952 – Mahes Goonatilleke, Sri Lankan cricketer
- 1953 – Kathie Lee Gifford, American singer and actress
- 1953 – James "J.T." Taylor, American singer (Kool & The Gang)
- 1954 – George Galloway, British politician
- 1954 – James Cameron, Canadian film director
- 1956 – Vahan Hovhannisyan, Armenian politician
- 1956 – Daniel Willems, Belgian cyclist
- 1957 – Tim Farriss, Australian musician (INXS)
- 1957 – Randhir Singh, Indian cricketer
- 1958 – Angela Bassett, American actress
- 1958 – José Luis Clerc, Argentine tennis player
- 1958 – Oscar Collodo, Swiss-born Italian rugby player and coach
- 1958 – Michael Harkin, American anthropologist
- 1958 – Madonna, American singer and actress
- 1959 – Laura Innes, American actress
- 1959 – Marc Sergeant, Belgian cyclist
- 1960 – Timothy Hutton, American actor
- 1961 – Christian Okoye, American football player
- 1961 – Michaela Dornonville de la Cour, Swedish singer (Army of Lovers)
- 1962 – Steve Carell, American actor and comedian
- 1962 – Manfred Hellmann, German footballer
- 1963 – Christine Cavanaugh, American voice actress
- 1964 – Jimmy Arias, American tennis player
- 1964 – Matt Lukin, American bassist (Mudhoney)
- 1966 – Barry Lather, American choreographer, musician and actor
- 1967 – Ulrika Jonsson, Swedish television personality
- 1967 – Pamela Smart, American convicted murderess
- 1968 – Mateja Svet, Slovenian alpine skier
- 1969 – Andy Milder, American voice actor
- 1970 – Bonnie Bernstein, American sportscaster
- 1970 – Fabio Casartelli, Italian cyclist (d. 1995)
- 1970 – Killah Priest, American rapper
- 1970 – Manisha Koirala, Nepalese Bollywood actress
- 1970 – Saif Ali Khan, Indian actor
- 1971 – Rulon Gardner, American Greco-Roman wrestler
- 1971 – Stefan Klos, German footballer
- 1972 – Stan Lazaridis, Australian footballer
- 1972 – Emily Robison, American country singer (Dixie Chicks)
- 1972 – Frankie Boyle, Scottish comedian
- 1972 – George Stroumboulopoulos, Canadian television and radio personality
- 1973 – Damian Jackson, American baseball player
- 1974 – Roger Cedeño, Venezuelan baseball player
- 1974 – Shivnarine Chanderpaul, Guyanese cricketer
- 1974 – Krisztina Egerszegi, Hungarian swimmer
- 1974 – Iván Hurtado, Ecuadorian footballer
- 1975 – Didier Agathe, French footballer
- 1975 – Pantelis Konstantinidis, Greek footballer
- 1975 – George Stults, American actor
- 1976 – Jonatan Johansson, Finnish footballer
- 1976 – Tiina Kankaanpää, Finnish discus thrower
- 1976 – Dave Ockun, American concert producer
- 1977 – Tamer Hosny, Egyptian singer/actor
- 1978 – Fu Mingxia, Chinese female diver
- 1978 – Thalia Pellegrini, British children's TV presenter
- 1978 – Eddie Gill, American basketball player
- 1979 – Monder Rizki, Belgian athlete
- 1979 – Paul Gallacher, Scottish football player
- 1980 – Vanessa Carlton, American singer/songwriter
- 1980 – Emerson, Brazilian footballer
- 1980 – Robert Hardy, English musician (Franz Ferdinand)
- 1980 – Raniere, Brazilian footballer
- 1980 – Piet Rooijakkers, Dutch professional bicyclist
- 1980 – Hwangbo, Korean singer/rapper
- 1981 – Roque Santa Cruz, Paraguayan footballer
- 1981 – Denis Gremelmayr, German male tennis player
- 1981 – Taylor Rain, American pornographic actress
- 1982 – Cam Gigandet, American actor
- 1982 – Joleon Lescott, English footballer
- 1982 – Tomohiro Ito, Japanese sprinter
- 1983 – Colt Brennan, American football player
- 1983 – Colin Griffiths, English TV presenter and DJ
- 1983 – Nikos Zisis, Greek basketball player
- 1984 – Candice Dupree, American basketball player
- 1984 – Matteo Anesi, Italian speed skater
- 1985 – Agnes Bruckner, American actress
- 1986 – Yu Darvish, Japanese baseball player
- 1986 – Shawn Pyfrom, American actor
- 1986 – Kim Oh-Sung, South Korean footballer
- 1986 – Chris Reynolds, Welsh DJ
- 1987 – Carey Price, Canadian hockey player
- 1987 – Evan Berger, Australian footballer
- 1987 – Kyal Marsh, Australian actor
- 1988 – Kevin Schmidt, American actor
- 1988 – Rumer Willis, American actress
- 1989 – Charlotte Gurr, English footballer
- 1989 – Wang Hao, Chinese athlete
- 1991 – G.E.M., Hong Kong singer
- 1991 – Sarah-Jeanne Labrosse, Canadian actress
- 1991 – Evanna Lynch, Irish actress
- 1992 – Islam Dzhabrailov, Russian footballer
- 1997 – Greyson Chance, American singer
Deaths[link]
- 1027 – Giorgi I, King of Georgia (b. 998)
- 1297 – John II of Trebizond (b. 1262)
- 1327 – Roch, French saint (b. 1295)
- 1358 – Duke Albert II of Austria (b. 1298)
- 1419 – Wenceslaus, King of the Romans, King of Bohemia (b. 1361)
- 1443 – Ashikaga Yoshikatsu, Japanese shogun (b. 1434)
- 1445 – Margaret of Scotland, consort of Louis XI (b. 1424)
- 1518 – Loyset Compère, French composer (b. circa 1445)
- 1532 – John, Elector of Saxony (b. 1468)
- 1661 – Thomas Fuller, English churchman and historian (b. 1608)
- 1678 – Andrew Marvell, English poet (b. 1621)
- 1705 – Jacob Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician and scientist (b. 1654)
- 1733 – Matthew Tindal, English deist (b. 1657)
- 1791 – Charles-François de Broglie, marquis de Ruffec, French soldier and diplomat (b. 1719)
- 1836 – Marc-Antoine Parseval, French mathematician (b. 1755)
- 1855 – Henry Colburn, British publisher (b. ?)
- 1886 – Sri Ramakrishna, Bengali saint, guru of Swami Vivekananda (b. 1836)
- 1888 – John Pemberton, American druggist and inventor of Coca-Cola (b. 1831)
- 1893 – Jean-Martin Charcot, French neurologist (b. 1825)
- 1899 – Robert Wilhelm Bunsen, German chemist (b. 1811)
- 1900 – José Maria de Eça de Queiroz, Portuguese writer (b. 1845)
- 1904 – Prentiss Ingraham, American writer (b. 1843)
- 1907 – James Hector, Scottish geologist (b. 1834)
- 1911 – Patrick Francis Moran, Irish-Australian cardinal (b. 1830)
- 1921 – King Peter I of Serbia (b. 1844)
- 1938 – Robert Johnson, American blues singer and guitarist (b. 1911)
- 1938 – Andrej Hlinka, Slovak politician and priest (b. 1864)
- 1948 – Babe Ruth, American baseball player (b. 1895)
- 1949 – Margaret Mitchell, American novelist (b. 1900)
- 1951 – Louis Jouvet, French actor and producer (b. 1887)
- 1952 – Lydia Field Emmet, American painter (b. 1866)
- 1956 – Bela Lugosi, Hungarian actor (b. 1882)
- 1957 – Irving Langmuir, American chemist, Nobel Prize Laureate (b. 1881)
- 1959 – William Halsey Jr., American Navy Admiral (b. 1882)
- 1959 – Wanda Landowska, Polish harpsichordist (b. 1879)
- 1961 – Maulvi Abdul Haq, Indian educator and linguist, Father of Modern Urdu (b. 1870)
- 1971 – Spyros Skouras, Greek-born American movie executive, chairman of the Twentieth Century Fox (b. 1893)
- 1972 – Pierre Brasseur, French actor (b. 1905)
- 1973 – Selman Waksman, Ukrainian-born American biochemist, Nobel Prize Laureate (b. 1888)
- 1975 – Vladimir Kuts, Ukrainian-born Soviet distance runner (b. 1927)
- 1977 – Elvis Presley, American singer, actor, and guitarist (b.1935)
- 1978 – Alidius Stachouwer, Dutch lawyer and politician (b. 1888)
- 1978 – Jean Acker, American silent film actress (b. 1893)
- 1979 – John Diefenbaker, Canadian politician and 13th Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1895)
- 1983 – Earl Averill, American baseball player (b. 1902)
- 1986 – Jaime Saenz, Bolivian poet and novelist, and short story writer (b. 1921)
- 1989 – Amanda Blake, American actress (b. 1929)
- 1990 – Pat O'Connor, New Zealand professional wrestler (b. 1925)
- 1991 – Luigi Zampa, Italian film director (b. 1905)
- 1992 – Mark Heard, American singer-songwriter (b. 1951)
- 1993 – Stewart Granger, British film actor (b. 1913)
- 1995 – J.P. McCarthy, American radio personality (b. 1933)
- 1997 – Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, Pakistani musician & singer (b. 1948)
- 1997 – Gerard McLarnon, Irish playwright and actor (b. 1915)
- 2002 – Jeff Corey, American actor (b. 1914)
- 2002 – Abu Nidal, Palestinian political leader (b. 1937)
- 2002 – John Roseboro, American baseball player and coach (b. 1933)
- 2003 – Idi Amin, Ugandan dictator (b. 1928)
- 2004 – Ivan Hlinka, Czech ice hockey coach (b. 1950)
- 2004 – Carl Mydans, American photographer (b. 1907)
- 2004 – Robert Quiroga, American boxer (b. 1969)
- 2005 – Joe Ranft, American animator (b. 1960)
- 2005 – Frère Roger, Swiss monk and mystic (b. 1915)
- 2005 – Vassar Clements, American musician (b. 1928)
- 2005 – William Corlett, English children's author (b. 1938)
- 2005 – Vicky Moscholiou, Greek singer (b. 1943)
- 2005 – Tonino Delli Colli, Italian cinematographer (b. 1922)
- 2006 – Alex Buzo, Australian playwright and author (b. 1944)
- 2006 – Herschel Green, American pilot (b. 1920)
- 2006 – Alfredo Stroessner, Paraguayan politician and President of Paraguay (b. 1912)
- 2007 – Max Roach, American percussionist, drummer, and composer (b. 1924)
- 2007 – Bahaedin Adab, Iranian politician (b. 1945)
- 2007 – Dewey Robertson, Canadian professional wrestler (b. 1939)
- 2008 – Ronnie Drew, Irish singer (The Dubliners) (b. 1934)
- 2008 – Dorival Caymmi, Brazilian singer and songwriter (b. 1914)
- 2008 – Elena Leuşteanu, Romanian gymnast and Olympic medalist (b. 1935)
- 2008 – Masanobu Fukuoka, Japanese sustainable farmer and author (b. 1913)
- 2010 – Dimitrios Ioannidis, Greek military officer and dictator (b. 1923)
- 2010 – Bobby Thomson, American baseball player (b. 1923)
Holidays and observances[link]
- Children's Day (Paraguay)
- Christian Feast Day:
- Roch
- Simplician
- Stephen I of Hungary
- Translation of the Acheiropoietos icon from Edessa to Constantinople. (Eastern Orthodox Church)
- August 16 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
- Gozan no Okuribi (Kyoto, Japan)
- Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Gabon from France in 1960.
- Restoration Day (Dominican Republic)
- Xicolatada (Palau-de-Cerdagne, France)
External links[link]
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http://wn.com/August_16
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_16
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Pushpa Basnet | |
|---|---|
| 200px | |
| Born | Kathmandu, Nepal |
| Citizenship | Nepali |
| Occupation | Social worker, Entrepreneur[1][2] |
| Religion | Hindu |
| Website | |
| www.ecdcnepal.org | |
Pushpa Basnet (Nepali: पुष्पा बस्नेत ) is a social worker and the Founder/President of Early Childhood Development Center (ECDC) and Butterfly Home,[3] non profit organizations, in Kathmandu, Nepal. She and her organization work to strengthen the rights of children living behind bars with their incarcerated parents.[1][4]
Her efforts have been recognized by the National and International Media, since she was nominated for the CNN Heroes Award 2012.[1][5]
Contents |
Career[link]
File:Pushpa basnet with children in her organization.jpg
Pushpa Basnet with her children
Basnet started her career at the age of 21, while she was studying Social Work in the college. While visiting the women prison in Kathmandu, as a part of college assignment, she was dismayed at seeing the conditions of children living with their parents behind bars. She raised 70,000 rupees (roughly $885) from her close friends and sister, and started a non-profit organization -The Early Childhood Development Center (ECDC), to provide a day care program to the children, in 2005.[6]
In 2007, she opened a residential home for kids to live outside of prison year round while still visiting their mothers on holidays. Today, she has assisted more than 100 children of incarcerated parents. She runs a day care center for the prison children, and a residential home for older ones. She has also helped to provide alternative residence, school enrollment, free meals and medical care to them.[1]
In 2009, sponsored by Change Fusion Nepal, she started a program to coach parents to make handicrafts, inside the cell. The main objective being, the female prisoners as well as the former prisoners to involve in income generating activities through which they can sustain their livelihood and also contribute towards raising their children.[1][2]
She, along with her organization, coordinates with prison administrators to rescue children behind bars, throughout urban and rural areas of Nepal, and help them break the cycle of crime and poverty.
Donation & Fund Raising[link]
Recognizing her effort as the first of a kind in Nepal, many local organizations have pledged their help to raise fund for Basnet.[1] Major donations for Basnet's organization has come from The Glasswaters Foundation, Shikshya Foundation Nepal and Sundar Sansar. The center collects donations through various fund raising programs and individual donations.[3]
Recently, a local organization, helped raise 3.7 lakh ruppees (roughly $4,600) for her organization, through various national and international donations.[7]
Awards & Recognition[link]
Nomination for CNN Heroes Award[link]
She has been nominated for CNN Heroes Award 2012, from Nepal, for her effort and contributions towards the welfare of children,.
When interviewed by CNN, she commented on her venture as;-
"It's not fair for (these) children to live in the prison because they haven't done anything wrong...My mission is to make sure no child grows up behind prison walls."[1]
Pushpa Basnet Banquet[link]
Basnet will be the honored guest speaker in the banquet dinner hosted by George Washington Student Organization Babies Behind Bars, in The Cloyd Heck Marvin Center, GW University, on May 1, 2012.[8]
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ a b c d e f g CNN Edition (2012-03-23). "Pushpa Basnet interviewed by CNN, after her nomination for CNN Heroes Award". http://edition.cnn.com/2012/03/15/world/cnnheroes-basnet-nepal-prisons/index.html.
- ^ a b "Pushpa Basnet listed in Paragon 100 Asia". Paragon100.Asia. 2012-03-23. http://www.paragon100.asia/index.php/component/content/article/55-nepal/121-pushpa-basnet.
- ^ a b "Early Childhood Development Center". ECDCNepal.org. 2012-03-23. http://ecdcnepal.org.
- ^ "Pushpa Basnet: Making a Difference". Nepali Times. 2012-03-23. http://www.nepalitimes.com/issue/2011/09/09/MakingADifference/18534.
- ^ "Pushpa Basnet nominated for CNN Heroes Award". My Republica -Nepal's Daily. 2012-03-23. http://www.myrepublica.com/portal/index.php?action=news_details&news_id=32939.
- ^ "Pushpa Basnet interviewed by MetroFever". MetroFever.com. 2012-03-26. http://www.metrofever.com/metrotalk/pushpabasnet.php.
- ^ "GrowingBeyond Bars raise money for ECDC". GrowingBeyondBars.org. 2012-02-23. http://www.growingbeyondbars.org/2012/03/dear-all-you-very-much-for-all-your.html.
- ^ "Pushpa Basnet to be honored as a guest speaker". George Washington Today. http://gwtoday.gwu.edu/events/pushpabasnetbanquet. Retrieved 2012-04-15.
External links[link]
- ECDC Nepal ECDC's Official Website
- CNN Edition CNN's Special Coverage on Pushpa Basnet
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Basnet, Pushpa |
| Alternative names | Mamu |
| Short description | Social Worker rescuing children of parents in penitentiary |
| Date of birth | |
| Place of birth | Kathmandu, Nepal |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Pushpa_Basnet
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pushpa_Basnet
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Anna Hazare | |
|---|---|
 Anna Hazare in Nanded, Maharastra |
|
| Born | Kisan Hazare (1937-06-15) 15 June 1937 (age 75) Bhingar, Bombay Province, British India |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Other names | Kisan Baburao Hazare |
| Known for | Indian anti-corruption movement - 2012, Indian anti-corruption movement - 2011, Watershed development programmes, Right to Information |
| Influenced by | Mahatma Gandhi, Swami Vivekananda |
| Political movement | Indian anti-corruption movement, Peace movement |
| Religion | Hinduism |
| Spouse | Never Married |
| Parents | Laxmibai Hazare Baburao Hazare |
| Awards | Padma Shri (1990) Padma Bhushan (1992) |
| Website | |
| www.annahazare.org www.beinganna.org |
|
Kisan Baburao Hazare 
pronunciation (help·info) (Marathi: किसन बाबुराव हजारे, Kisan Bāburāv Hajārē ?) (born 15 June 1937), popularly known as Anna Hazare pronunciation (help·info) (Marathi: अण्णा हजारे, Aṇṇā Hajārē ?) is an Indian social activist who led movements to promote rural development, increase government transparency, and investigate and punish official corruption. In addition to organizing and encouraging grassroots movements, Hazare frequently conducted hunger strikes to further his causes—a tactic reminiscent, to many, of the work of Mohandas K. Gandhi.[1][2][3] Hazare also contributed to the development and structuring of Ralegan Siddhi, a village in Parner taluka of Ahmednagar district, Maharashtra, India. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan—the third-highest civilian award—by the Government of India in 1992 for his efforts in establishing this village as a model for others.[4]
Anna Hazare started an indefinite hunger strike on 5 April 2011 to exert pressure on the Indian government to enact a stringent anti-corruption law, The Lokpal Bill, 2011 as envisaged in the Jan Lokpal Bill, for the institution of an ombudsman with the power to deal with corruption in public places. The fast led to nation-wide protests in support. The fast ended on 9 April 2011, a day after the government accepted Hazare's demands. The government issued a gazette notification on the formation of a joint committee, consisting of government and civil society representatives, to draft the legislation.[5][6]
For the year 2011 Foreign Policy magazine named him among top 100 global thinkers.[7] Also in 2011 Anna was ranked as the most influential person in Mumbai by a national daily newspaper.[8] He has faced criticism for his authoritarian views on justice, including death as punishment for corrupt public officials and his alleged support for forced vasectomies as a method of family planning.[9][10]
Early life[link]
Kisan Hazare was born on 15 June 1937[citation needed] (some sources say 1940)[11] in Bhingar, near to Ahmednagar. The eldest son, with two sisters and four brothers, the later adoption of the name Anna in Marathi it uses for elder person which is equal to "father". His father worked in a pharmacy and struggled to support the family financially. In time, the family moved to their ancestral village of Ralegan Siddhi, where they owned a small amount of agricultural land. A relative took on the burden of providing Kisan with an education, taking him to Mumbai because the village had no primary school. The relative became unable financially to continue the support and Kisan's schooling ended in the Standard Seventh grade; his siblings never attended school.[12] He started selling flowers at the Dadar railway station in Mumbai and eventually managed to own two flower shops in the city.[13] He also became involved in vigilantism, joining groups who acted to prevent landlords' thugs from intimidating the poor out of their shelter.[14]
Military service[link]
The Indo-China War of 1962 caused the Indian Army to commence emergency recruitment measures. Hazare was drafted in April 1963, despite not meeting the physical requirements, and was attested as a soldier on 16 November of that year after undertaking training at Aurangabad.[12][15]
During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, Hazare was posted at the border in the Khem Karan sector. He was the sole survivor of an enemy attack—variously claimed to have been a bomb, an aerial assault and an exchange of fire at the border—while he was driving a truck.[12][13][16] The experiences of wartime, coupled with the poverty from which he had come, affected him. He considered suicide at one point but turned instead to pondering the meaning of life and death.[12] He said of the truck attack, "[It] sent me thinking. I felt that God wanted me to stay alive for some reason. I was reborn in the battlefield of Khem Karan. And I decided to dedicate my new life to serving people."[13] He spent his spare time reading the works of Swami Vivekananda, Gandhi, and Vinoba Bhave.[17] In a blog post, Hazare expressed his views on Kashmir by saying that it was his "active conviction that Kashmir is an integral part of India" and that if required once again for service, he would remain "ready to take part in war against Pakistan."[18]
During the mid-1970s, Hazare survived a road crash while driving for the army. He interpreted his survival as a further sign that his life was intended to be dedicated to service.[14] Despite subsequent allegations that he had deserted from the army, official records show that he was honourably discharged in 1975 after completing 12 years of service.[15]
Transformation of Ralegan Siddhi[link]
Hazare returned to Ralegan Siddhi, a village then described by Satpathy and Mehta as "one of the many villages of India plagued by acute poverty, deprivation, a fragile ecosystem, neglect and hopelessness."[19]
Although most of the villagers owned some land, cultivation was extremely difficult due to the rocky ground preventing retention of the monsoon rains, this situation was worsened by gradual environmental deterioration as trees were cut down, erosion spread and droughts were also experienced. The shortage of water also led to disease from unsanitary conditions and water reuse for multiple purposes. The economy of the village had become reliant on the illegal manufacture and sale of alcohol, a product on which many of the villagers had become dependent. Many inhabitants borrowed from moneylenders to survive, paying monthly interest rates of as much as 10%. Crime and violence (including domestic violence) had become commonplace, while education and employment opportunities were poor.[14][20]
Hazare was relatively wealthy because of the gratuity from his army service. He set about using that money to restore a run-down, vandalised village temple as a focal point for the community. Some were able to respond with small financial donations but many other villagers, particularly among the elderly, donated their labour in a process that became known as shramdaan. Some youths also became involved in the work and these he organised into a Tarun Mandal (Youth Association). One of the works of Vivekananda which he had read was Call to the youth for nation building.[21]
Prohibition of alcohol[link]
Hazare and the youth group decided to take up the issue of alcoholism to drive a process of reform. At a meeting conducted in the temple, the villagers resolved to close down liquor dens and ban alcohol in the village. Since these resolutions were made in the temple, they became, in a sense, religious commitments. Over thirty liquor brewing units voluntarily closed their establishments. Those who did not succumb to social pressure were forced to close their businesses when the youth group smashed their premises. The owners could not complain as their businesses were illegal.[22]
Drunken villagers were tied to pillars and then flogged, sometimes personally by Hazare. He justified this punishment by stating that “rural India was a harsh society”,[23] and that
Doesn’t a mother administer bitter medicines to a sick child when she knows that the medicine can cure her child? The child may not like the medicine, but the mother does it only because she cares for the child. The alcoholics were punished so that their families would not be destroyed.[24]
Hazare appealed to the government of Maharashtra to pass a law whereby prohibition would come into force in a village if 25% of the women in the village demanded it. In 2009 the state government amended the Bombay Prohibition Act, 1949 to reflect this.[25]
It was decided to ban the sale of tobacco, cigarettes, and beedies (an unfiltered cigarette where the tobacco is rolled in tendu also known as Diospyros melanoxylon leaves instead of paper) in the village. In order to implement this resolution, the youth group performed a unique "Holi" ceremony twenty two years ago.[when?] The festival of Holi is celebrated as a symbolic burning of evil. The youth group brought all the tobacco, cigarettes, and beedies from the shops in the village and burnt them in a Holi fire. Tobacco, cigarettes, or beedies are no longer sold.[26][27]
Grain Bank[link]
In 1980, Anna started the Grain Bank at the temple, with the objective of providing food security to needy farmers during times of drought or crop failure. Rich farmers, or those with surplus grain production, could donate a quintal to the bank. In times of need, farmers could borrow the grain, but they had to return the amount of grain they borrowed, plus an additional quintal as an interest. This ensured that nobody in the village ever went hungry or had to borrow money to buy grain. This also prevented distress sales of grain at lower prices at harvest time.[12]
Watershed development programme[link]
Ralegan Siddhi is located in the foothills, so Hazare persuaded villagers to construct a watershed embankment and associated works to stop water and allow it to percolate and increase the ground water level and improve irrigation in the area. These efforts solved the problem of water scarcity in the village and made irrigation possible.[14][17]
Cultivation of water-intensive crops like sugarcane was banned. Crops such as pulses, oilseeds, and certain cash crops with low water requirements replaced them. The farmers started growing high-yield varieties and changed cropping pattern. Hazare has helped farmers of more than 70 villages in drought-prone regions in the state of Maharashtra since 1975.[28] When Hazare came to Ralegan Siddhi in 1975 only 70 acres (28 ha) of land was irrigated, Hazare converted it into about 2,500 acres (1,000 ha).[22]
Milk production[link]
As a secondary occupation, milk production was promoted in Ralegan Siddhi. Purchase of new cattle and improvement of the existing breed with the help of artificial insemination and timely guidance and assistance by a veterinarian improvemd the cattle stock, increasing milk production.[citation needed]
Education[link]
In 1932, Ralegan Siddhi got its first formal school, a single classroom primary school.[clarification needed] In 1962, the villagers added more classrooms through community volunteer efforts. By 1971, out of an estimated population of 1,209, only 30.43% were literate (72 women and 290 men). Boys moved to the nearby towns of Shirur and Parner to pursue higher education, but girls were limited to primary education. Hazare, along with the youth of Ralegan Siddhi, worked to increase literacy rates and education levels. In 1976 they started a pre-school and a high school in 1979. The villagers formed a charitable trust, the Sant Yadavbaba Shikshan Prasarak Mandal, which was registered in 1979.[citation needed]
Removal of untouchability[link]
The social barriers and discrimination that existed due to the caste system in India have been largely eliminated by Ralegan Siddhi villagers. It was Hazare's moral leadership that motivated and inspired the villagers to shun untouchability and caste discrimination. Marriages of Dalits are held as part of community marriage program together with those of other castes. The Dalits have become integrated into the social and economic life of the village. The upper caste villagers built houses for the lower caste Dalits by shramdaan and helped to repay their loans.[29][30][31]
Collective marriages[link]
Most rural poor get into a debt trap as they incur heavy expenses at the time of marriage of their daughter or son. It is an undesirable practice but has become a social obligation in India. Instead, Ralegan's people started celebrating marriages collectively. Joint feasts are held, where expenses are further reduced by the Tarun Mandal taking responsibility for cooking and serving the food. The vessels, the loudspeaker system, the mandap, and the decorations have also been bought by the Tarun Mandal members belonging to the oppressed castes. From 1976 to 1986, 424 marriages have been held under this system.[citation needed]
Gram Sabha[link]
The Gandhian philosophy on rural development considers the Gram Sabha as an important democratic institution for collective decision-making in the villages of India.[32] Hazare campaigned between 1998 and 2006 for amending the Gram Sabha Act, so that villagers have a say in the village's development. The state government initially refused, but eventually gave in to public pressure. It became mandatory to seek the sanction of the Gram Sabha (an assembly of all village adults, and not just the few elected representatives in the gram panchayat) for expenditures on development works in the village.[25]
Activism[link]
Anti-corruption protests in Maharashtra[link]
In 1991 Hazare launched the Bhrashtachar Virodhi Jan Aandolan (BVJA) (People's Movement against Corruption), a popular movement to fight against corruption[33] in Ralegaon Siddhi. In the same year he protested against the collusion between 40 forest officials and timber merchants. This protest resulted in the transfer and suspension of these officials.[34]
In May 1997 Hazare protested alleged malpractice in the purchase of powerlooms by the Vasantrao Naik Bhathya Vimukt Jhtra Governor P. C. Alexander.[35] On 4 November 1997 Gholap filed a defamation suit against Hazare for accusing him of corruption. He was arrested in April 1998 and was released on a personal bond of 
5,000 (US$100).[36][dead link] On 9 September 1998 Hazare was imprisoned in the Yerawada Jail to serve a three-month sentence mandated by the Mumbai Metropolitan Court.[16][37] The sentencing caused leaders of all political parties except the BJP and the Shiv Sena to support him. [38] Later, due to public protests, the Government of Maharashtra ordered his release. Hazare wrote a letter to then chief minister Manohar Joshi demanding Gholap's removal for his role in alleged malpractices in the Awami Merchant Bank.[39] Gholap resigned from the cabinet on 27 April 1999.[40]
In 2003 corruption charges were raised by Hazare against four NCP ministers of the Congress-NCP government.[41] He started his fast unto death on 9 August 2003. He ended his fast on 17 August 2003 after then chief minister Sushil Kumar Shinde formed a one-man commission headed by the retired justice P. B. Sawant to probe his charges.[42] The P. B. Sawant commission report, submitted on 23 February 2005, indicted Sureshdada Jain, Nawab Malik, and Padmasinh Patil. The report exonerated Vijaykumar Gavit. Jain and Malik resigned from the cabinet in March 2005.[43]
Three trusts headed by Anna Hazare were also indicted in the P. B. Sawant commission report. 220,000 (US$4,390) spent by the Hind Swaraj Trust for Anna Hazare's birthday celebrations was concluded by the commission as illegal and amounting to a corrupt practice,[44][45] though Abhay Firodia, an industrialist subsequently donated 248,000 (US$4,950) to the trust for that purpose.[46] The setting apart of 11 acres of its land by the trust in favour of the Zilla Parishad without obtaining permission from the charity commissioner was concluded as a case of maladministration. The commission also concluded that the maintenance of accounts of the Bhrashtachar Virodhi Janandolan Trust after 10 November 2001 had not been according to the rules and 46,374 (US$930) spent by the Sant Yadavbaba Shikshan Prasarak Mandal Trust for renovating a temple thwarted its object of imparting secular education.[44][45]
Right to Information movement[link]
In the early 2000s Hazare led a movement in Maharashtra state which forced the state government to enact a revised Maharashtra Right to Information Act. This Act was later considered as the base document for the Right to Information Act 2005 (RTI), enacted by the Union Government. It also ensured that the President of India assented to this new Act.[47]
On 20 July 2006 the Union Cabinet amended the Right to Information Act 2005 to exclude the file noting by the government officials from its purview. Hazare began his fast unto death on 9 August 2006 in Alandi against the proposed amendment. He ended his fast on 19 August 2006, after the government agreed to change its earlier decision.[48]
Regulation of Transfers and Prevention of Delay in Discharge of Official Duties Act[link]
Before 2006 in the state of Maharashtra, honest government officers were transferred to other places according to ministerial wish, while some corrupt and favoured officials stayed put for decades. Anna fought hard for a law whereby a government servant must clear a file within a specified time and that transfers must take place only after three years. After many years of Anna's relentless efforts, on 25 May 2006 Maharashtra issued a notification announcing the Prevention of Delay in Discharge of Official Duties Act 2006. This act provided for disciplinary action against officials who move files slowly and enabled monitoring of officials who overstay a post, and for involvement in a corrupt nexus.
This act mandated the government to effect transfers of all government officers and employees, except Class IV workers, no sooner and no later than three years, except in emergency or exceptional circumstances. Maharashtra was the first state to have introduced such an act.[25] However, like others, this law was not fully followed.[49][50]
Campaign against liquor from food grains[link]
Article 47 of India's Constitution commits the State to raise the standard of living, improve public health and prohibit the consumption of intoxicating drinks and drugs injurious to health.[51][52][53]
In 2007 Maharashtra rolled out a grain-based liquor policy aimed to encourage production of liquor from food grain in light of the rising demand for spirits—used for industrial purposes and liquor. It issued 36 licenses for distilleries for making alcohol from food grains.[53]
Anna Hazare opposed the government's policy to promote making liquor from food grains. He argued that Maharashtra had to import food and referring to food grains observed that promoting producing liquor from food grains was nappropriate.[54] One of the State ministers Laxman Dhoble said in his speech that those opposing the decision to allow use of food grains for the production of liquor were anti-farmers and that opponents should be beaten with sugarcane sticks.[55][56] Hazare began fasting at Shirdi, but on 21 March 2010 the government promised to review the policy and Anna ended his 5 day long fast.[57] But the government later granted 36 licences and grants of 10 (US$0.2) (per litre of alcohol) to politicians or their sons who were engaged in making alcohol from foodgrains. Recipients included Amit and Dheeraj Deshmukh, sons of Union Heavy Industries Minister Vilasrao Deshmukh, Bharatiya Janata Party leader Gopinath Munde's daughter Pankaja Palwe and her husband Charudatta Palwe, sons-in-law of P.V. Narasimha Rao and Rajya Sabha MP Govindrao Adik.[54][58][59] The government approved the licenses despite stiff opposition from the planning and finance departments, saying there was a huge demand in other countries for distilled spirits compared to that of molasses.[60] Anna sued Maharashtra over the policy in the Nagpur bench of the Bombay High Court. On 20 August 2009 Maharashtra stopped the policy. However, distilleries sanctioned before that date and those who started production within two years of sanction were entitled for subsidies.
On 5 May 2011 court refused to hear the suit, saying, "not before me, this is a court of law, not a court of justice" as a reason for not hearing the plea.[61][62] A Maharashtra Principal Secretary, C.S. Sangeet Rao, stated that no law existed to scrap these licences.[54]
Lokpal Bill movement[link]
Main article: 2011 Indian anti-corruption movement
In 2011, Hazare initiated a Satyagraha movement for passing a stronger anti-corruption Lokpal (ombudsman) bill in the Indian Parliament, the Jan Lokpal Bill (People's Ombudsman Bill). The Jan Lokpal Bill was drafted earlier by N. Santosh Hegde, former justice of the Supreme Court of India and Lokayukta of Karnataka, Prashant Bhushan, a senior lawyer in the Supreme Court and Arvind Kejriwal, a social activist along with members of the India Against Corruption movement. The draft incorporated more stringent provisions and gave wider power to the Lokpal (Ombudsman) than the government's 2010 draft.[63] These included placing "the Prime Minister within the ambit of the proposed lokpal’s powers".[64]
Hunger strike[link]
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Wikinews has related news: Anna Hazare begins "fast-unto-death" hunger strike to end corruption. |
Hazare began his Indefinite Fast[65] on 5 April 2011 at Jantar Mantar in Delhi to press for the demand to form a joint committee of the representatives of the Government and the civil society to draft a stronger anti-corruption bill with stronger penal actions and more independence to the Lokpal and Lokayuktas (Ombudsmen in the states), after his demand was rejected by Prime Minister Singh.[66] He stated, "I will fast until Jan Lokpal Bill is passed".[67]
The movement attracted attention in the media, and thousands of supporters. Almost 150 people reportedly joined Hazare in his fast.[68] Social activists, including Medha Patkar, Arvind Kejriwal, former IPS officer Kiran Bedi, and Jayaprakash Narayan lent their support. People showed support in social media. In addition to spiritual leaders Sri Sri Ravi Shankar, Swami Ramdev, Swami Agnivesh and former Indian cricketer Kapil Dev, many celebrities supported him.[69][70] Hazare decided that he would not allow any politician to sit with him. The protesters rejected Uma Bharti, Om Prakash Chautala and others when they visited the protest.[71] On 6 April 2011 Sharad Pawar resigned from the group of ministers formed for reviewing the 2010 draft.[72]
Protests spread to Bangalore, Mumbai, Chennai, Ahmedabad, Guwahati, Shillong, Aizawl and other cities.[73]
On 8 April the Government accepted the movement's demands. On 9 April it issued a notification in the Gazette of India on formation of a joint committee. It accepted the formula that there be a politician chair and an activist, non-politician co-chair. The notification stated, “The Joint Drafting Committee shall consist of five nominee ministers of the Government of India and five nominees of the civil society. The five nominee Ministers of the Government of India are Pranab Mukherjee, Union Minister of Finance, P. Chidambaram, Union Minister of Home Affairs, M. Veerappa Moily, Union Minister of Law and Justice, Kapil Sibal, Union Minister of Human Resource and Development and Minister of Communication and Information Technology and Salman Khursheed, Union Minister of Water Resources and Minister of Minority Affairs. The five non-politician nominees were Anna Hazare, N. Santosh Hegde, Shanti Bhushan Senior Advocate, Prashant Bhushan, Advocate and Arvind Kejriwal.[74][75]
On the morning of 9 April Hazare ended his 98-hour hunger strike. He addressed the people and set a deadline of 15 August to pass the bill.
"Real fight begins now. We have a lot of struggle ahead of us in drafting the new legislation, We have shown the world in just five days that we are united for the cause of the nation. The youth power in this movement is a sign of hope."
Anna Hazare said that if the bill did not pass he would call for a mass nation-wide agitation.[76][77][dead link] He called his movement as "second struggle for independence" and he will continue the fight.[78]
Draft bill[link]
During the meeting of the joint drafting committee on 30 May, the Union government members opposed the inclusion of the prime minister, higher judiciary and the acts of the MPs under the purview of the Lokpal in the draft bill.[79] On 31 May, Mukherjee sent a letter to the chief ministers of all states and party leaders seeking their opinion on six contentious issues, including whether to bring the prime minister and judges of India's Supreme Court and High Courts under the law's purview.[80] But the civil society members of the drafting committee considered that keeping them out would be a violation of the United Nations Convention against Corruption.[81]
Anna Hazare and other civil society members decided to boycott the 6 June drafting committee meeting to protest the forcible eviction of Swami Ramdev and his followers by the Delhi Police from Ramlila Maidan on 5 June, while they were on a hunger strike against black money and corruption and doubting the government's seriousness.[82]
On 6 June, the civil society members wrote to Mukherjee, explaining reasons for their absence and also asking government to go public on the major issues. They also decided to attend only future meetings that were telecast live.[83] On 8 June at Rajghat, describing his movement as the second freedom struggle, Anna criticised the Government for trying to discredit the drafting committee and threatened to go on indefinite fast again from 16 August if the Lokpal Bill had not passed. He also criticised the Government for putting hurdles in front of the Bill and for maligning the civil society members.[84][85][86]
Indefinite fast[link]
On 28 July the union cabinet approved a draft of the Lokpal Bill, which kept the Prime Minister, judiciary and lower bureaucracy out of the ombudsman's ambit. Hazare rejected the government version by describing it as “cruel joke’’ and wrote a letter to Singh announcing his decision to begin an indefinite fast from 16 August at Jantar Mantar, if the government introduced its own version of the bill without taking suggestions from civil society members.[87][88] Hazare wrote:-
Why are you (government) sending the wrong draft? We have faith in Parliament. But first send the right draft, our agitation is against government, not Parliament. The government has overlooked many points. How will it fight corruption by excluding government employees, CBI and prime minister from the Lokpal's purview? We were told that both the drafts would be sent to the Cabinet. But only the government's draft was sent. This is a deceitful government. They are lying. How will they run the country? Now I have no trust in this government. If it is really serious about fighting corruption, why is it not bringing government employees and CBI under Lokpal?[89][dead link]
Within twenty four hours of cabinet's endorsement of a weak Lokpal Bill, over ten thousand people from across the country sent faxes directly to the government demanding a stronger bill.[90] The Mumbai Taxi Men’s Union, comprising over 30,000 taxi drivers supported Hazare’s fast by keeping all taxis off the roads on 16 August.[91] Lawyers of Allahabad High Court described the government proposal as against the national interest and pledged their support to Hazare by hunger striking at Allahabad on 16 August.[92][dead link] On 30 July Vishwa Hindu Parishad supported his fast by saying movement for an effective anti-corruption ombudsman needed the people's backing.[93]
On 1 August, Public interest litigation was filed in the Supreme Court of India by Hemant Patil, a Maharashtra-based social worker and businessman, to restrain Hazare, alleging that Hazare's demands were unconstitutional and amounted to interference in the legislative process.[94]
Arrest and aftermath[link]
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Wikinews has related news: Anna Hazare to resume "fast-unto-death" hunger strike from August 16, 2011. |
On 16 August, Hazare was arrested, four hours before the planned indefinite hunger strike.[95] Rajan Bhagat, spokesman for Delhi Police, said police arrested Hazare for illegally gathering in a Delhi park to begin his hunger strike, claiming that Hazare refused to meet police conditions for allowing the protest.[96] The conditions included restricting the fast to three days and the number of protesters to 5,000. Later in the afternoon, Hazare refused bail. The magistrate dispatched him to Tihar jail for seven days.[97] After announcements by Prashant Bhushan, local television, and social media sites (including Facebook), thousands marched in support from the India Gate to Jantar Mantar.[98]
Media reported that about 1,300 supporters were detained in Delhi, including key members of the India Against Corruption movement such as Arvind Kejriwal, Shanti Bhushan, Kiran Bedi and Manish Sisodia.[99] Other reports other protests with people courting arrests in different parts of the country. Opposition parties came out against the arrest, likening the government action to the emergency imposed in the country in 1975. Both houses of Parliament adjourned over the issue.[100]
After four hours in detention he was released unconditionally on a request by the police, but refused to leave Tihar Jail.[101] He demanded unconditional permission to fast at Ramlila Maidan (Ground) and refused to leave.[102] Hazare continued his fast inside the jail.[103]
After his arrest, Hazare received support from people across the country. There were reports of "nearly 570 demonstrations and protests by Anna supporters across the country".[64][104] Due to the millions of protesters nationwide,[105] the government allowed him to begin a public hunger strike of fifteen days.[106] After talks with public authorities, Hazare decided to hold his protest at Ramlila Maidan, New Delhi.[107] On 20 August Hazare "left the Tihar Jail for the Ramlila Grounds".[108] Hazare promised reporters "he would fight to the 'last breath' until the government gets his team's Jan Lokpal Bill passed in this session of Parliament, which ends on 8 September."[64]
Fast at Ramlila Maidan[link]
On 20 August thousands came to show their support for Hazare,[109] while "his advisers made television appearances to rally public support and defend themselves against criticism that their protest campaign and refusal to compromise is undermining India's parliamentary process."[110] The National Campaign for People’s Right to Information (NCPRI) condemned Hazare's deadline for passing the bill as undermining democracy, which operates by
"holding wide-ranging consultations and discussions, allowing for dissent and evolving a consensus. ...He [Hazare] has the right to protest and dissent. But nobody can claim it as an absolute right and deny the right of dissent to others."[111]
The Congress party confirmed that Maharashtra Additional Chief Secretary (Home) Umesh Chandra Sarangi (who has a history of mediating between Hazare and officials) was meeting with him again "to find points of consensus and defuse the situation".[112] On 21 August "tens of thousands" watched Hazare as he sat on an elevated platform.[113] It was reported that Hazare at that point had "lost more than seven pounds since beginning his fast". Despite this he stated, "I will not withdraw my hunger strike until the Jan Lokpal bill is passed in the Parliament. I can die but I will not bend."[113] Hazare ended his fast on 28 August, after the Lokpal Bill passed unanimously.
He was admitted to Medanta Medicity, Gurgaon for post-fast care.[114] He had lost 7.5 kilograms (17 lb)[114] and was very dehydrated after the 288 hour fast.[115]
I Am Anna Chant[link]
Within a few days of Anna Hazare's first fast demanding a strong Lokpal (on 5 April 2011), supporters started a campaign known as "I Am Anna Hazare", which was similar to the "We Are All Khaled Said" campaign from the Egyptian uprising.[116] During Anna Hazare's second fast, his topi, the cap which became synonymous with Anna Hazare, became almost a fashion statement.[117] Sales of the topis hit an all-time high.[118] Kiran Bedi recommended that the "I am Anna" topi be displayed whenever someone asked for a bribe.[119]
Fast on MMRDA ground[link]
On 27 December, Hazare began a 3–day hunger strike at MMRDA grounds, Bandra Kurla Complex, to demand a stronger Lokpal bill than was in debate.[120] Hazare ended the fast on 28 December, after his doctors said that his kidneys might fail if he continued.[121]
Before reaching the venue, Anna paid tribute to Mahatma Gandhi at Juhu Beach. On his way to a rally with several thousand people,[120] he took two-and-half hours to reach the ground, passing through Santacruz, Tulip Star Hotel, Mithibai College, SV Road, Vile Parle, Khar and Bandra Highway.[122]
A PIL petition filed against the fast was turned down by the Karnataka High Court. A judge noted that there was no public interest in the petition.[123]
Electoral reform movement[link]
In 2011, Anna Hazare demanded an amendment to the electoral law to incorporate the option of None of the above in the electronic voting machines during the Indian elections.[124][125] The "None of the above (NOTA)" is a ballot option that allows an electorate to indicate disapproval of all of the candidates in an electoral system, in case of non-availability of any candidate of his choice, as his Right to Reject. Soon, the Chief Election Commissioner of India Shahabuddin Yaqoob Quraishi supported Hazare's demand for the electoral reforms.[126]
Protest against atrocities against Swami Ramdev and his supporters[link]
On 8 June Anna Hazare and thousands of his supporters fasted from 10 am to 6 pm at Rajghat to protest against the midnight crackdown of 5 June by the Delhi Police on Swami Ramdev’s fast at Ramlila ground protests.[84][127] Anna Hazare held the Prime Minister of India responsible for the atrocities[128] and termed the police action as an attempt to stifle democracy.[84] According to one of Anna's young supporters, the large presence of youths at the protest was due to his use of nonviolent protest, similar to Gandhi.[129]
Controversies and criticism[link]
Alleged link with Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh[link]
Anna Hazare has been criticized for being an agent of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) a right-wing Hindu body.[130] United Progressive Alliance,the present ruling government in India has seldom made that charge. According to Digvijay Singh a senior leader of the Indian National Congress the entire crusade of 2011 Indian anti-corruption movement was planned by RSS in which Plan-A was Baba Ramdev while Plan-B was Anna Hazare. Their basic job was to disturb national security.[131] Further Digvijay Singh had charged Hazare for having links with late RSS leader Nanaji Deshmukh[132] with whom he worked as a secretary.[133] Anna denied any such associations.
Views on Narendra Modi and Nitish Kumar[link]
In a press conference in April 2011, Anna Hazare praised Narendra Modi, the chief minister of Gujarat and Nitish Kumar, chief minister of Bihar for his efforts on rural development, saying that other chief ministers should emulate them.[134] Subsequently, Modi wrote an open letter to him, hailing him as a Gandhian anti-corruption activist[135] while Digvijay Singh, the General Secretary of the Congress party, criticised him for his comment.[136] In May 2011, during his visit to Gujarat, Hazare changed his view and criticised Modi for rampant corruption. He urged Modi to appoint a Lokayukta. He also commented that the media had projected an incorrect image of Vibrant Gujarat.[137]
Fraud during fasts[link]
A cardiologist from Pune, Abhijit Vaidya—founder of Arogya Sena, a non-governmental agency active in public health, disaster management and social campaigns—claimed that he was informed by Hazare's close associates that during a fast in Ralegan-Siddhi, Hazare was given glucose and electrolyte solutions during a fast. Hazare and his associates refused to comment on the allegation.[138]
Accusations of corruption[link]
The government of the state of Maharashtra instituted a Commission of Inquiry under Justice PB Sawant in September 2003 to enquire into allegations of corruption against several people, including four ministers in the state as well as the "Hind Swaraj Trust" headed by Hazare. The Commission submitted its report on 22 February 2005, indicting the Trust for corruptly spending Rs. 2.20 lakhs on Hazare's birthday celebrations.[139]
Two days ahead of Hazare's Lokhpal fast, the Indian National Congress, attacked him, alleging that "the moral core of Hazare has been ripped apart" by the Justice P B Sawant Commission.[140]
Hazare's lawyer Milind Pawar responded that the commission had remarked about "irregularities" in the accounts, but had not held him guilty of any "corrupt" practices. Pawar said that on 16 June 1998, a celebration was organised to congratulate Hazare on winning an award from a US–based NGO and it coincided with his 61st birthday. The trust spent Rs 2.18 lakh for the function. Abhay Phirodia, a Pune-based industrialist, who took the initiative to organise this function donated an amount of Rs 2,48,950 to the trust by cheque soon afterwards.[141] Hazare dared the government to file a First Information Report (FIR) against him to prove the charges.[142]
Accusation of being anti-democratic and anti-Dalit[link]
An article written in Kolkata Telegraph by Ramchandra Guha stated that that environmental journalist Mukul Sharma claimed that Anna Hazare forced the Dalit families in Ralegan Siddhi to adopt a vegetarian diet, and that those who violated the decree were tied to a post and flogged.[143] Mukul Sharma also found that no panchayat elections have been held in the village for the past two decades, and that no campaigning was allowed during state and national elections, upon Hazare's instructions.[143]
Dalit columnist Chandrabhan Prasad opined that Hazare's anti-corruption movement rejected representative democracy and alleged that it was an upper-caste uprising. He also claimed that centralising powers in Lokapal, which was a non-elected entity, was anti-democratic.[citation needed]
Dalit activist Kancha Ilaiah commented in a similar fashion, that "The Anna movement is an anti-social justice, manuvadi movement. The Dalits, tribals, OBCs and minorities have nothing to do with it. We oppose it."[144] Activist Anoop Kheri claimed that "The language, symbols used by the movement clearly reflects its upper caste Hindu nature, a very rightwing Hindu patriotism is being used to get the entire country against corruption. And as a dalit, I have a problem with it."[144]
There was also an allegation that an RTI activist was denied permission to protest by having a fast-unto-death at Ralegan Siddhi, the grama sabha stating that the reason was that only Anna Hazare can hold such fasts in his village.[145]
Activist Udit Raj was denied permission to protest against Anna Hazare, whom he claimed was against parliamentary processes. Raj warned that succumbing to Hazare's demands would set a dangerous trend rendering the "backward" classes more vulnerable. He claimed that mass mobilisations coerced the government into a "set of solutions" against constitutional processes could be used against affirmative action and threatened democracy.[146] Later, it came to light that poor dalits had been paid up to 200 each to shout slogans against Anna, although the organizers denied it. Some protesters said that they had been told that it was a pro-Anna protest, but felt cheated after realising that it was against Hazare.[147]
Accusation of being anti-Muslim[link]
On 22 August 2011 writer-actor Arundhati Roy accused Hazare in a newspaper article of being nonsecular. She questioned his secular credentials, pointing out his "support for Raj Thackeray's Marathi Manoos xenophobia and [has praised] the 'development model' of Gujarat's CM who oversaw the 2002 pogrom against Muslims". The website of the newspaper published many responses to her article and these were mostly critical of her views.[148] Activist Medha Patkar criticised Roy, saying that her views were misplaced.[149]
Hazare in the past stood in firm opposition to the Shiv Sena and BJP governments in Maharashtra. Activist and writer Asghar Ali Engineer in an EPW article on Communalism and Communal Violence reported,[150]
The Shiv Sena is also facing serious problems from the social activist Anna Hazare who has accused its ministers of corruption and demanded their resignation. The SS-BJP government is facing serious corruption charges and is greatly worried. The Anna Hazare movement began in late November when he went on fast against the corrupt practices of the Shiv Sena ministers. The BJP initially supported the Hazare movement and now its deputy chief minister Gopinath Munde is also under a cloud. Initially the Hazare movement had created a rift between the Shiv Sena and the BJP but with Gopinath Munde himself under a cloud, both may close ranks. The Anna Hazare movement has certainly posed a great challenge for the saffron government at the end of 1996.
Hazare was accused of working for RSS and BJP's behest, and against Muslims by cleric Bukhari of the Jama Masjid. Bhukhari was subsequently criticised for being a Royal Imam and for claiming that his personal views represented the view of ordinary Muslims.[151]
Support for selective violence[link]
Hazare acknowledged his belief in violence after his "just one slap" remark in which the victim of violence was Sharad Pawar, a rival in Maharashtra.[152]
Conspiracy to murder Hazare[link]
Anna Hazare exposed corruption in cooperative sugar factories in Maharashtra, including one controlled by Dr.Padamsinh Bajirao Patil, a member of Parliament of 15th Lok Sabha and higher-ranking Leader of Nationalist Congress Party from Osmanabad. Patil was accused in the 2006 murder case of Congress leader Pawanraje Nimabalkar.[153][154]
The conspiracy to kill Hazare was exposed when Parasmal Jain, an accused in the Nimbalkar murder case, in his written confession before a magistrate said that Patil had paid him 3,000,000 (US$59,850) to murder Nimbalkar, and also offered him supari (contract killing sum) to kill Anna Hazare.[155][156] After this written confession, Anna appealed to the state government of Maharashtra to lodge a separate First Information Report ( FIR ) against Patil but the government declined. On 26 September 2009 Hazare lodged his own complaint at Parner police station of Ahmednagar District in Maharashtra against Patil.[157] Patil approached the High Court seeking anticipatory bail but on 14 October 2009, the Aurangabad bench of Bombay High Court rejected his application, observing that there was prima facie case against him.[158][159] Padmasinh Patil appealed to the Supreme Court of India losing again, on 6 November 2009.[160] On 11 November 2009 Patil surrendered before the sessions court in Latur and was sent to judicial remand for 14 days.[161] On 16 December 2009 the Aurangabad bench granted bail.[162] As of 16 August 2011 (2011 -08-16)[update], the verdict is pending.
As of December 2011, Anna Hazare received Z+ security. [163]
Honours, awards and international recognition[link]
 |
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2011) |
| Year | Award | Awarding organization |
|---|---|---|
| 2011 | NDTV Indian of the Year with Arvind Kejriwal[164] | NDTV |
| 2008 | Jit Gill Memorial Award | World Bank |
| 2005 | Honorary Doctorate | Gandhigram Rural University |
| 2003 | Integrity Award | Transparency International |
| 1998 | CARE International Award | CARE (relief agency) |
| 1997 | Mahaveer Award | |
| 1996 | Shiromani Award | |
| 1992 | Padma Bhushan | President of India |
| 1990 | Padma Shri | President of India |
| 1989 | Krishi Bhushana Award | Government of Maharashtra |
| 1986 | Indira Priyadarshini Vrikshamitra Award | Government of India |
Personal life[link]
Anna Hazare is unmarried. He has lived in a small room attached to the Sant Yadavbaba temple in Ralegan Siddhi since 1975. On 16 April 2011, he declared his bank balance of 67,183 (US$1,340) and 1,500 (US$30) as money in hand.[165] He owns 0.07 hectares of family land in Ralegan Siddhi, which is being used by his brothers. He donated for village use two other pieces of land donated to him by the Indian Army and by a villager.[166] His only income is his Indian Army pension.[citation needed]
Writings[link]
- Hazare, Anna; Ganesh Pangare, Vasudha Lokur (1996). Adarsh Gaon Yojana: government participitation in a peoples program : ideal village project of the Government of Maharashtra. Hind Swaraj Trust. p. 95. http://books.google.com/books?id=Eh4pHAAACAAJ&dq=inauthor:%22Anna+Hazare%22&hl=en&ei=OHudTcvOOsXjrAfavIWqBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA. Retrieved 20 August 2011.
- Hazare, Anna. My Village – My Sacred Land. New Delhi: CAPART.
- Hazare, Anna (1997). Ralegaon Siddhi: a veritable transformation. Translated by B.S. Pendse. Ralegan Siddhi Pariwar Prakashan,. http://books.google.com/books?id=mCENHAAACAAJ&dq=Anna+Hazare&hl=en&ei=ZnSdTZGjBsmYhQeK3-26BA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAg. Retrieved 7 April 2011.
- Hazare, Anna (2007) (in Marathi). वाट ही संघर्षाची. Pune: Signet Publications.
- Anna Hazare: The Face of Indias Fight Against Corruption. Pentagon Press. 2011. p. 124. ISBN 978-81-8274-545-2. http://www.sparkbooks.in/cart/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=1_49&products_id=62580. Retrieved 14 June 2011.
References[link]
- ^ Kohari, Alizeh (16 August 2011). "Hunger strikes: What can they achieve?". BBC News. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-14540696.
- ^ "Anna Hazare - Biography & Facts About Anna Hazare". http://www.knowledgebase-script.com/demo/article-1074.html. Retrieved 21 August 2011.
- ^ Yardley, Jim (18 August 2011). "Unlikely Echo of Gandhi Inspires Indians to Act". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/19/world/asia/19hazare.html. Retrieved 19 August 2011.
- ^ "Padma Bhushan Awardees". http://india.gov.in/myindia/padmabhushan_awards_list1.php?start=410. Retrieved 10 April 2011.
- ^ "India activist Anna Hazare ends hunger strike". BBC News. 9 April 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-13022337. Retrieved 9 April 2011.
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- ^ Anna fasts for strong Lokpal as Lok Sabha debates bill, December 27, 2011. Hindustan Times. Accessed December 27, 2011
- ^ "PIL against Anna Hazare's fast dismissed, high court says citizens have right to protest". The Times Of India. 27 December 2011. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/PIL-against-Anna-Hazares-fast-dismissed-high-court-says-citizens-have-right-to-protest/articleshow/11269601.cms.
- ^ "Govt notifies joint panel, Anna breaks fast". Indian Express. 10 April 2011. http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Govt-notifies-joint-panel-Anna-breaks-fast/774133/. Retrieved 24 April 2011.
- ^ Singh, Abhimanyu (17 April 2011). "Anna's next target is electoral reform". The Sunday Guardian. http://www.sunday-guardian.com/investigation/annas-next-target-is-electoral-reform. Retrieved 24 April 2011.
- ^ Chauhan, Chetan (13 April 2011). "Anna Hazare has CEC Quraishi's vote for electoral reforms". Hindustan Times. http://www.hindustantimes.com/Anna-Hazare-has-CEC-Quraishi-s-vote-for-electoral-reforms/Article1-684553.aspx. Retrieved 24 April 2011.
- ^ "Anna Hazare and team shift fast venue to Rajghat". Times of India. 7 June 2011. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Anna-Hazare-and-team-shift-fast-venue-to-Rajghat/articleshow/8758809.cms. Retrieved 7 June 2011.
- ^ "Anna and team to protest against Govt on June 8". New Delhi: CNN-IBN. 5 Jun 2011. http://ibnlive.in.com/news/anna-and-team-to-protest-against-govt-on-june-8/156922-3.html. Retrieved 6 June 2011.
- ^ "Anna Hazare fasts again, government faces anti-corruption heat". The Economic Times (New Delhi). 8 June 2011. http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-06-08/news/29633886_1_lokpal-bill-anna-hazare-hunger-strike. Retrieved 8 June 2011. [dead link]
- ^ "Anna an RSS agent, Army deserter: Congres". Ibnlive.in.com. http://ibnlive.in.com/news/anna-an-rss-agent-army-deserter-congress/214939-37-64.html. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
- ^ "Anna Hazare ungrateful to RSS: Digvijay". Indian Express. 2011-10-30. http://www.indianexpress.com/news/anna-hazare-ungrateful-to-rss-digvijay/867761/. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
- ^ "Anna ridicules Digvijaya's allegation on RSS links". Hindustan Times. 2011-12-25. http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Maharashtra/Anna-ridicules-Digvijaya-s-allegation-on-RSS-links/Article1-787078.aspx. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
- ^ "Never worked for Nanaji Deshmukh, tweets Digvijaya". Hindustan Times. 2011-12-26. http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/Never-worked-with-Nanaji-Deshmukh-tweets-Digvijaya/Article1-787208.aspx. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
- ^ "Anna Hazare praises Narendra Modi, Nitish Kumar; asks CMs to emulate them". DNA. 10 April 2011. http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_anna-hazare-praises-narendra-modi-nitish-kumar-asks-cms-to-emulate-them_1530483. Retrieved 27 May 2011.
- ^ "Narendra Modi writes an open letter to Anna". 12 April 2011. http://ibnlive.in.com/news/narendra-modis-open-letter-to-anna-hazare/148924-53.html. Retrieved 27 May 2011.
- ^ "Digvijay singh slams Anna for modi's praise". http://indiatoday.intoday.in/site/story/modi-remark-congress-slams-anna-hazare/1/135497.html. Retrieved 27 May 2011.
- ^ "Hazare now sees 'ghotala' in Gandhi's Gujarat". The Times of India. 27 May 2011. http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-27/ahmedabad/29591246_1_anna-hazare-agnivesh-and-arvind-kejriwal-gujarat-visit. Retrieved 27 May 2011.
- ^ "'Secret of fast? Hear it from a Pune doctor'". Telegraph India. 17 August 2011. http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110817/jsp/nation/story_14386100.jsp. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
- ^ "Had held Hazare guilty of corruption: PB Sawant". IBNLive. 14 August 2011. http://ibnlive.in.com/news/had-held-hazare-guilty-of-corruption-pb-sawant/175659-37-64.html. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
- ^ "Anna Hazare himself involved in corruption, says Congress". The Economic Times. 14 August 2011. http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-08-14/news/29886595_1_hind-swaraj-trust-anna-hazare-lokpal-bill. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
- ^ "Sawant Commission didn't term Hazare corrupt: Lawyer". Indian Express. 15 August 2011. http://www.indianexpress.com/news/sawant-commission-didnt-term-hazare-corrupt-lawyer/832118/. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
- ^ "Angry Anna dares govt to file FIR and prove he is corrupt". Daily News & Analysis. 14 August 2011. http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_anna-hazare-dares-congress-to-prove-corruption-charges-against-him_1575981. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
- ^ a b "'A Patriarch for Nation?'". The Telegraph (India). 19 August 2011. http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110827/jsp/opinion/story_14423092.jsp. Retrieved 21 August 2011.
- ^ a b "'Anna Hazare's movement is anti-social justice, manuwadi'". The Times of India. 19 August 2011. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Anna-Hazares-movement-is-anti-social-justice-manuwadi/articleshow/9664784.cms. Retrieved 21 August 2011.
- ^ "'Here is why RTI activist could not fast in Anna Hazare’s village'". Pune Mirror. 12 October 2010. http://www.punemirror.in/article/2/2010101220101012233239336854a4d16/Here-is-why-RTI-activist-could-not-fast-in-Anna-Hazare%92s-village.html. Retrieved 21 August 2011.
- ^ "'Dalits come out against Anna Hazare’s fast'". The Times of India. 24 August 2011. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Dalits-come-out-against-Anna-Hazares-fast/articleshow/9714045.cms. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
- ^ Protesters ‘bought’ for anti-Anna agitation. Hindustan Times. (25 August 2011). Retrieved on 29 August 2011.
- ^ Anna Hazare is not secular: Arundhati Roy. Times of India. (23 August 2011). Retrieved on 29 August 2011.
- ^ Mukherjee, Vishwajoy (22 August 2011). "We Are Not Like the Maoists: Medha Patkar". Tehelka. Retrieved on 29 August 2011.
- ^ Engineer, Asghar Ali (15 February 1997). "Communalism and Communal Violence, 1996". Economic and Political Weekly 32 (7).
- ^ Anti-Anna cleric Bukhari draws flak. Zeenews.india.com (23 August 2011). Retrieved on 29 August 2011.
- ^ Anna Hazare Justifies Just One Slap Remark
- ^ "NCP MP Padamsinh Patil Held for Murder". Mumbai: Outlook. 7 June 2009. http://news.outlookindia.com/item.aspx?660914. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
- ^ Kumar, Vinay (9 Jun 2009). "Lok Sabha told of Padmsinh Patil’s arrest". The Hindu (New Delhi). http://www.hindu.com/2009/06/09/stories/2009060955991000.htm. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
- ^ "Plot to kill Anna Hazare revealed". Mumbai: Sifi News. 1 June 2009. http://www.sify.com/news/plot-to-kill-anna-hazare-revealed-news-features-jgbuanbdjhb.html. Retrieved 12 June 2011.
- ^ IANS (1 Jun 2009). "Plot to kill Magsaysay winner Anna Hazare revealed". Mumbai: IBM Live. http://ibnlive.in.com/news/plot-to-kill-magsaysay-winner-anna-hazare-revealed/93908-3.html?from=rssfeed. Retrieved 12 June 2011.
- ^ Press Trust Of India (26 September 2009). "Anna Hazare files police complaint against Padamsingh". The Hindu (Mumbai). http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/other-states/article25477.ece. Retrieved 10 June 2011.
- ^ Press Trust Of India (14 October 2009). "HC rejects Padamsinh Patil's bail plea in Hazare's complaint". The Hindustan Times (Mumbai). http://www.hindustantimes.com/HC-rejects-Padamsinh-Patil-s-bail-plea-in-Hazare-s-complaint/Article1-465210.aspx. Retrieved 10 June 2011.
- ^ TNN (15 Oct 2009). "Hazare plaint: Court rejects Padamsinh's bail plea". The Times of India (Mumbai). http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-10-15/mumbai/28080698_1_ncp-leader-padamsinh-patil-pawanraje-nimbalkar-anna-hazare. Retrieved 12 June 2011.
- ^ "SC rejects anticipatory bail of Padamsinh Patil". New Delhi: Zee News. 6 November 2009. http://zeenews.india.com/news/state-news/sc-rejects-anticipatory-bail-of-padamsinh-patil_576544.html. Retrieved 12 June 2011.
- ^ "NCP leader Padamsinh Patil surrenders, sent to 14-day judicial remand". The Times of India (LATUR ( MAHARASHTRA)). 11 November 2009. http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-11-11/india/28060164_1_parasmal-jain-judicial-remand-ncp-leader-padamsinh-patil. Retrieved 12 June 2011.
- ^ PTI (16 December 2009). "Padamsinh gets bail in Anna Hazare murder plot case". Aurangabad: Zee News. http://zeenews.india.com/news/state-news/padamsinh-gets-bail-in-anna-hazare-murder-plot-case_588105.html. Retrieved 12 June 2011.
- ^ "Anna's fast: Cops take stock of security situation at MMRDA". Hindustan Times (MUMBAI ( MAHARASHTRA)). 25 December 2011. http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Mumbai/Anna-s-fast-Cops-take-stock-of-security-situation-at-MMRDA/Article1-786857.aspx. Retrieved 25 December 2011.
- ^ "NDTV Indian of the Year 2011". ndtv.com. http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/ndtv-indian-of-the-year-2011-142183. Retrieved 19 October 2011.
- ^ "Anna Hazare declares bank balance of Rs 67,183 and Rs 1,500 as money in hand". The Economic Times (New Delhi). 16 April 2011. http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-04-16/news/29425309_1_immovable-assets-anna-hazare-mutual-funds. Retrieved 14 June 2011.
- ^ "Anna Hazare, others declare assets". The Hindu (New Delhi). 16 April 2011. http://www.hindu.com/2011/04/16/stories/2011041662461600.htm. Retrieved 14 June 2011.
Further reading[link]
- Reilly, Carmel (2007). Ralegan Siddhi: a special community. Thomson Nelson. pp. 24 pages. ISSN 0170126900. OCLC 9780170126908. (Subscription required). http://books.google.com/books?id=LxMhcgAACAAJ&dq=Ralegan+Siddhi&hl=en&ei=XpSdTbyXKIvQrQf-xZ2zBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAQ. Retrieved 9 April 2011.
- Sivanand, Mohan (1986). Why God Saved Anna Hazare. The Reader's Digest Association, Inc. p. 3. http://www.readersdigest.co.in/anna-hazare?page=2. Retrieved 4 August 2011.
- Seabrook, Jeremy (1986). Victims of development: resistance and alternatives. Verso. p. 250. ISBN 0860913856. http://books.google.com/books?id=gb804ulCzSMC&dq=Anna+Hazare&source=gbs_navlinks_s. Retrieved 10 April 2011.
- Ismail Serageldin, David R. Steeds (1998). Rural well-being from vision to action. World Bank Publications. p. 433. ISBN 0821339877. http://books.google.com/booksid=vP1w77REun8C&pg=PA130&dq=Anna+Hazare&hl=en&ei=p42dTd_CCIyBhQeOrayzBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=rsult&resnum=2&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Anna%20Hazare&f=false. Retrieved 10 April 2011.
- Periwinkle Environmental Education Part-X Author-Harendra Chakhaiyar, Publisher- Jeevandeep Prakashan Pvt Ltd, ISBN 8177444948
- From poverty to plenty: the story of Ralegan Siddhi Volume 5 of Studies in ecology and sustainable development. Authors- Ganesh Pangare, Vasudha Pangare. Publisher: Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage, 1992. ISBN 8190006142
- Dynamics of rural development: lessons from Ralegan Siddhi Publisher- Foundation for Research in Community Health, 2002.
- Troubles and Wet Solutions: Success Story of Ralegan Siddhi's Watershed Development Project[dead link] Centre for Alternative Agriculture Media
- Bron Raymond Taylor, Jeffrey Kaplan, Laura Hobgood-Oster, Adrian J. Ivakhiv, Michael York (2005). The Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature: K-Z. Thoemmes Continuum. p. 1877. ISBN 1-84371-138-9. http://books.google.co.in/books?ei=6xr6TZKyD8jMrQfcs8HjDw&ct=result&id=9kgUAQAAIAAJ&dq=pension+from+Indian+army+%2B+Anna+Hazare&q=Anna+Hazare#search_anchor. Retrieved 17 June 2011.
- Ralegan Siddhi Authors: Ramesh Awasthi, Dashrath K. Panmand, Foundation for Research in Community Health (Bombay, India) Publisher: Foundation for Research in Community Health, 1994. Original from The University of Michigan. Digitized 22 Dec 2009. Length 92 pages
- Religion and ecology in India and Southeast Asia Authors- David L. Gosling, Ninian Smart, Contributor- Ninian Smart, Edition-illustrated, Publisher- Routledge, 2001, ISBN 0-415-24030-1
- Springs of life: India's water resources Authors Ganesh Pangare, Vasudha Pangare, Binayak Das, World Water Institute (Pune, India), Bharathi Integrated Rural Development Society, Edition- illustrated, Publisher-Academic Foundation, 2006. ISBN 817188489X
- Alphons, K.J. (1996), Making a difference, Penguin Books, LCCN 96902754, http://books.google.com/books?id=Bd3sAAAAMAAJ
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Anna Hazare |
- Anna Hazare – Official website
- Civil Society – Official website
- Profile at NDTV
- Biography at CNN
- Anna Hazare collected news and commentary at Al Jazeera English
- Anna Hazare collected news and commentary at The New York Times
- Anna Hazare collected news and commentary at The Guardian
- Anna Hazare collected news and commentary at The Wall Street Journal
- Anna Hazare collected news and commentary at The Times of India
- A successful case of participatory watershed management at Ralegan Siddhi Village in, Maharastra, India
- Draft Lokpal Bill, 2010
- India Against Corruption
- A documentary film about Anna Hazare and the Jan Lokpal movement.
- [1] An exhibition of E. P.Unny's cartoons on Anna Hazare,
- Images
- The anti-corruption movement by Anna Hazare, slideshow by The First Post
- Ahead of fast, Anna Hazare at Rajghat, slideshow by NDTV
- The face of a protest: Anna Hazare, slideshow by CNN-IBN
- Photo Essay: "Indian Protest the Arrest of Anna Hazare", Time
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Hazare, Anna |
| Alternative names | Hazare, Kisan Baburao |
| Short description | Indian social activist |
| Date of birth | 15 June 1937 |
| Place of birth | Bhingar India. |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Anna_Hazare
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about the Portuguese footballer. For the Brazilian footballer, see Ronaldo. For other people named Ronaldo, see Ronaldo (name).
"CR7" redirects here. For other uses, see CR7 (disambiguation).
This name uses Portuguese naming customs. The first or maternal family name is dos Santos and the second or paternal family name is Aveiro.
 Ronaldo playing for Real Madrid |
|||
| Personal information | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Full name | Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro | ||
| Date of birth | (1985-02-05) 5 February 1985 (age 27) | ||
| Place of birth | Funchal, Madeira, Portugal | ||
| Height | 1.86 m (6 ft 1 in)[1] | ||
| Playing position | Forward | ||
| Club information | |||
| Current club | Real Madrid | ||
| Number | 7 | ||
| Youth career | |||
| 1993–1995 | Andorinha | ||
| 1995–1997 | Nacional | ||
| 1997–2002 | Sporting CP | ||
| Senior career* | |||
| Years | Team | Apps† | (Gls)† |
| 2002–2003 | Sporting CP | 25 | (3) |
| 2003–2009 | Manchester United | 196 | (84) |
| 2009– | Real Madrid | 101 | (112) |
| National team‡ | |||
| 2001–2002 | Portugal U17 | 9 | (6) |
| 2003 | Portugal U20 | 5 | (1) |
| 2002–2003 | Portugal U21 | 6 | (3) |
| 2004 | Portugal U23 | 3 | (1) |
| 2003– | Portugal | 89 | (32) |
| * Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only and correct as of 19:00, 13 May 2012 (UTC). † Appearances (Goals). |
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Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro,[2] OIH, (born 5 February 1985),[3] commonly known as Cristiano Ronaldo, is a Portuguese footballer who plays as a winger or striker for Spanish La Liga club Real Madrid and is the captain of the Portuguese national team. Ronaldo became the most expensive footballer in history after moving from Manchester United to Real Madrid in a transfer worth £80 million (€93.9 million/$131.6 million). In addition, his contract with Real Madrid, in which he is paid €12 million per year, makes him one of the highest-paid footballers in the world,[4] and his buyout clause is valued at €1 billion as per his contract.[5]
Ronaldo began his career as a youth player for Andorinha, where he played for two years, before moving to C.D. Nacional. In 1997, he made a move to Portuguese giants Sporting Clube de Portugal. Ronaldo's precocious talent caught the attention of Manchester United manager Alex Ferguson, who signed him for £12.24 million (€15 million) in 2003. The following season, Ronaldo won his first club honour, the FA Cup. He also played at Euro 2004 with Portugal and scored his first international goal in the opening game of the tournament against Greece, in addition to helping Portugal reach the final. He was featured in the UEFA Euro All-Star Team of this competition.
Ronaldo was the first player to win all four main PFA and FWA awards, doing so in 2007. He was third in the 2007 FIFA World Player of the Year award and second in the 2007 Ballon d'Or award. In 2008, Ronaldo won the Champions League with United, was named best forward and player of the tournament and was the competition's top goalscorer as well as winning the European Golden Shoe, becoming the first winger to do so, and topping the Premier League Golden Boot award. He won three of the four main PFA and FWA trophies, only missing the PFA Young Player of the Year, and was named the FIFPro, World Soccer, Onze d'Or,[6][7][8] and the FIFA World Player of the Year, in addition to becoming Manchester United's first Ballon d'Or winner in 40 years.[9] Ronaldo holds the distinction of being the first player to win the FIFA Puskás Award, in 2009, an honour handed by FIFA to the best goal of the year. He scored that goal from 40 yards out against Porto in a UEFA Champions League quarter-final match, while playing for Manchester United.[10] Three-time Ballon d'Or winner Johan Cruyff said in an interview on 2 April 2008, "Ronaldo is better than George Best and Denis Law, who were two brilliant and great players in the history of United."[11] He was second in the 2009 FIFA World Player of the Year award and also second in the 2009 Ballon d'Or award.
After moving to Real Madrid in 2009, in his second season, Ronaldo became the highest goalscorer in a season in the history of Real Madrid with 53 goals, surpassing the club's previous high of 49 by Ferenc Puskás. During this season Ronaldo broke the record of most goals ever scored in a season in La Liga with 40, surpassing Telmo Zarra's and Hugo Sánchez's mark (38 goals) established in 1951 and 1990, respectively. Ronaldo also broke Zarra's record of most goals per minute, with a goal scored every 70.7 minutes. The newspaper Marca, the official deliverer of the Pichichi Trophy (the top La Liga goalscorer award), claimed that Ronaldo scored 41 goals (Marca assigned one more goal to Ronaldo than La Liga, which attributed it to Pepe). By doing so, he won the European Golden Shoe award once again, becoming the first player to win the trophy in two different championships. He was third in the 2010–11 UEFA Best Player in Europe Award and second in the 2011 FIFA Ballon d'Or. On 24 March 2012, with the first of two goals scored in the match against Real Sociedad, Ronaldo became the fastest La Liga player to score 100 goals in the league.[12] Ronaldo officially broke his previous record of 40 goals in a La Liga season in the 2011–12 season; by doing so, he became first player to reach 40 goals in a single season in two consecutive years in any of the top European leagues. On 13 May 2012, the last matchday, Ronaldo scored against Mallorca which made him the first player ever to score against every team in a single season in La Liga.[13] He finished the season with 60 goals in every competition, breaking the Real Madrid record he had set the previous season.
Ronaldo has been described as a skillful winger who will take on any defender with his dribbling and pace; he hits his free kicks with power and pace, and is able to beat defenders off the dribble and cross the ball. He is able to score with his head and feet.[14]
Contents |
Early life[link]
Ronaldo was born in Santo António, a neighbourhood of Funchal, Madeira, the youngest child of Maria Dolores dos Santos Aveiro, a cook, and José Dinis Aveiro, a municipal gardener.[15] His second given name "Ronaldo" was chosen after then-U.S. president Ronald Reagan, who was his father's favourite actor. He has one older brother, Hugo, and two older sisters, Elma and Liliana Cátia.[3] His great-grandmother Isabel da Piedade was from Cape Verde.[16]
Club career[link]
Early career[link]
At the age of eight, Ronaldo played for amateur team Andorinha, where his father was the kit man. In 1995, Ronaldo signed with local club Nacional, and, after a title-winning campaign, he went on a three-day trial with Sporting CP, who subsequently signed him for an undisclosed sum.[17]
Sporting Clube de Portugal[link]
Ronaldo joined Sporting's other youth players who trained at the Academia Sporting, the club's football academy, in Alcochete. He became the only player ever to play for Sporting's under-16, under-17, under-18, B-team, and the first team, all within one season.[18] He scored two goals in his league debut on 7 October 2002, which Sporting CP won 3–0 against Moreirense, while featuring for Portugal in the 2002 European Under-17 Championship.[19]
At the age of 15 Ronaldo was diagnosed with a racing heart, a condition that might have forced him to give up playing football. The Sporting staff were made aware of the condition and Ronaldo's mother gave her authorisation for him to go into hospital. While there, he had an operation in which a laser was used to cauterise the area of his heart that was causing the problem. The surgery took place in the morning and Ronaldo was discharged from hospital by the end of the afternoon; he resumed training only a few days later.[20]
In November 2002, Ronaldo was invited to Arsenal's training ground, London Colney to meet manager Arsène Wenger and his coaching staff.[21] Wenger, who was interested in signing the midfielder had arranged to meet Ronaldo's representatives, Formation (who suggested the player originally to Gérard Houllier, then Liverpool's manager) in the subsequent months to discuss a transfer arrangement.[22] However he came to the attention of Manchester United manager Alex Ferguson in the summer of 2003, when Sporting defeated United 3–1 in the inauguration of the Estádio José Alvalade in Lisbon. Ronaldo's performance impressed the Manchester United players, who urged Ferguson to sign him.[23]
Manchester United[link]
2003–2006[link]
Ronaldo became Manchester United's first-ever Portuguese player when he signed for €15 million[24] (£12.24 million) after the 2002–03 season.[25] He requested the number 28 (his number at Sporting), as he did not want the pressure of living up to the expectation linked to the number 7 shirt, which had previously been worn by players such as George Best, Bryan Robson, Eric Cantona, and David Beckham. "After I joined, the manager asked me what number I'd like. I said 28. But Ferguson said 'No, you're going to have No. 7,' and the famous shirt was an extra source of motivation. I was forced to live up to such an honour."[26]
Ronaldo made his team debut as a 60th-minute substitute in a 4–0 home victory over Bolton Wanderers. He scored his first goal for Manchester United with a free kick in a 3–0 win over Portsmouth on 1 November 2003. Ronaldo ended his first season in English football by scoring the opening goal in United's 3–0 FA Cup final victory over Millwall.[27]
He scored United's 1000th Premier League goal on 29 October 2005 in a 4–1 loss to Middlesbrough.[28] He scored ten goals in all competitions, and fans voted him to his first FIFPro Special Young Player of the Year award in 2005.
He was sent off in the Manchester derby at the City of Manchester Stadium on 14 January 2006 (a game which United lost 3–1) for kicking City's former United player Andrew Cole.[29]
Ronaldo won his second trophy in English football in the 2005–06 season, scoring the third goal in Manchester United's 4–0 Football League Cup final victory over Wigan Athletic.[30]
2006–2009[link]
The 2006–2007 season proved to be the breakout year for Ronaldo, as he broke the 20 goal barrier for the first time and picked up his first league title with Manchester United.
In November and December 2006, Ronaldo received consecutive Barclays Player of the Month honours, becoming only the third player in Premier League history to do so after Dennis Bergkamp in 1997 and Robbie Fowler in 1996.[31][32] He scored his 50th Manchester United goal against city rivals Manchester City on 5 May 2007 as United claimed their first Premier League title in four years, and he was voted into his second consecutive FIFPro Special Young Player of the Year award at the end of the year.
Despite rumours circulating in March 2007 that Real Madrid were willing to pay an unprecedented €80 million (£54 million) for Ronaldo,[33] he signed a five-year, £120,000-a-week (£31 million total) extension with United on 13 April, making him the highest-paid player in team history.[34][35]
Ronaldo amassed a host of personal awards for the season. He won the PFA Players' Player of the Year and PFA Young Player of the Year awards, joining Andy Gray (in 1977) as the only players to receive this honour.[36] In April, he completed the treble by winning the PFA Fans' Player of the Year. Ronaldo was also one of eight Manchester United players named in the 2006–07 PFA Premier League Team of the Year.
Ronaldo's 2007–08 season began with a red card for a headbutt on Portsmouth player Richard Hughes during United's second match of the season, for which he was punished with a three-match ban.[37] Ronaldo said he had "learned a lot" from the experience and would not let players "provoke" him in the future.[38] After scoring the only goal in a Champions League away match against Sporting, Ronaldo also scored the injury-time winner in the return fixture as Manchester United topped their Champions League group.[39]
He finished as the runner-up to Kaká for the 2007 Ballon d'Or,[40] and was third in the running for the FIFA World Player of the Year award, behind Kaká and Lionel Messi.[41]
Ronaldo scored his first hat trick for Manchester United in a 6–0 win against Newcastle United at Old Trafford on 12 January 2008, bringing Manchester United up to the top of the Premier League table.[42] He scored his twenty-third league goal of the season in a 2–0 win against Reading, equalling his entire total for the 2006–07 season.[43] During a 1–1 Champions League first knockout round draw against Lyon on 20 February, an unidentified Lyon supporter continuously aimed a green laser at Ronaldo and United teammate Nani, prompting an investigation by UEFA.[44] One month later, Lyon were fined CHF5,000 (£2,427) for the incident.[45]
On 19 March 2008, Ronaldo captained United for the first time in his career in a home win over Bolton, scoring both goals in the 2–0 victory.[46] The second of the goals was his 33rd of the campaign, which set a new club single-season scoring record by a midfielder and thus topped George Best's forty-year-old total of 32 goals in the 1967–68 season.[47] Ronaldo scored another brace in a 4–0 win over Aston Villa on 29 March, which at the time gave him 35 goals in 37 domestic and European matches as both a starter and substitute. Ronaldo's scoring streak was rewarded with his becoming the first winger to win the 2007–08 European Golden Shoe, finishing eight points ahead of Mallorca's Dani Güiza.[48]
In the 2007–08 Champions League final on 21 May against league rivals Chelsea, Ronaldo scored the opening goal after 26 minutes, which was negated by a Chelsea equaliser in the 45th minute as the match ended 1–1 after extra time. His misfire in the penalty shoot-out put Chelsea in position to win the trophy, but John Terry shot wide right after slipping on the pitch surface, and Manchester United emerged victorious 6–5 on penalties. Ronaldo was named the UEFA Fans' Man of the Match,[49] and wrapped up the campaign with a career-high 42 goals in all competitions, falling four short of Denis Law's team-record mark of 46 in the 1963–64 season.
On 5 June 2008, Sky Sports reported that Ronaldo had expressed an interest in moving to Real Madrid if they offered him the same amount of money the team had allegedly promised him earlier in the year.[50] Manchester United filed a tampering complaint with FIFA on 9 June over Madrid's alleged pursuit of Ronaldo, but FIFA declined to take any action.[51][52] Speculation that a transfer would happen continued until 6 August, when Ronaldo confirmed that he would stay at United for at least another year.[53]
Ronaldo underwent ankle surgery at the Academic Medical Center in Amsterdam on 7 July.[54] He returned to action on 17 September in United's UEFA Champions League goalless group-stage draw with Villarreal as a substitute for Park Ji-Sung,[55] and scored his first overall goal of the season in a 3–1 League Cup third round win over Middlesbrough on 24 September.
In a 5–0 win over Stoke City on 15 November 2008, Ronaldo scored his 100th and 101st goals in all competitions for Manchester United, both from free kicks.[56] The goals also meant that Ronaldo had now scored against each of the other 19 teams in the Premier League at the time.[57] On 2 December, Ronaldo became Manchester United's first Ballon d'Or recipient since George Best in 1968. He finished with 446 points, 165 ahead of runner-up Lionel Messi.[58] He was awarded the Silver Ball after finishing with two goals as United won the Club World Cup on 19 December.[59]
On 8 January 2009, Ronaldo was uninjured in a single-car accident in which he wrote off his Ferrari 599 GTB Fiorano in a tunnel along the A538 near Manchester Airport. A breathalyser test he gave to police officers at the scene was negative, and he attended training later that morning.[60] Four days later, he became the first Premier League player ever to be named the FIFA World Player of the Year, in addition to being the first Portuguese player to win the award since Luís Figo in 2001.[61]
Ronaldo scored his first Champions League goal of the season, and first since the final against Chelsea, in a 2–0 victory over Internazionale that sent United into the quarter-finals.[62] In the second leg against Porto, Ronaldo scored a 40-yard game-winning goal as United advanced to the semi-finals. He later called it the best goal he had ever scored.[63][64] Ronaldo participated in his second consecutive Champions League final, but made little impact in United's 2–0 loss to Barcelona. He finished with 53 appearances in all competitions, which was four higher than the previous year, but scored sixteen fewer goals (26) than his career-best total of 42 from the previous season.
On 11 June, Manchester United accepted an unconditional offer of £80 million from Real Madrid for Ronaldo after it was revealed that he again had expressed his desire to leave the club.[65] It was confirmed by a representative of the Glazer family that the sale was fully condoned by Ferguson.[66] When Ronaldo had eventually completed his transfer to Real, he expressed his gratitude towards Ferguson for helping him develop as a player, saying, "He's been my father in sport, one of the most important factors and most influential in my career."[67]
Real Madrid[link]
2009–10 season[link]
On 26 June 2009, Real Madrid confirmed that Ronaldo would join the club on 1 July 2009 from Manchester United for £80 million (€93.9 million/$131.6 million),[68] after agreeing terms and signing a six-year contract.[69] Ronaldo's contract is worth €11 million per year[4] and it has a €1 billion buy-out clause.[70] He was presented to the world media as a Real Madrid player on 6 July,[71] where he was handed the number 9 jersey.[72] The shirt was presented to him by Madrid legend Alfredo Di Stéfano.[73] Ronaldo was welcomed by 80,000 fans at his presentation at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium, surpassing Diego Maradona's record of 75,000 fans when he was presented in Italy, after he was transferred from Barcelona to Napoli in 1984.[74]
Ronaldo made his Madrid debut on 21 July in a 1–0 win over Shamrock Rovers. His first goal came one week later with a penalty in Madrid's 4–2 win over LDU Quito.[75] On 29 August, Ronaldo capped his La Liga debut with a goal, scoring Real's second from the penalty spot in a 3–2 home win against Deportivo La Coruña.[76] On 15 September, Ronaldo scored two free-kicks in a 5–2 away victory over Zürich, his first Champions League goals for Real.[77] He broke a Madrid club record when he scored in a league match against Villarreal and thus became the first ever player to score in his first four La Liga appearances.[78]
An ankle injury suffered on 10 October, while Ronaldo was on international duty with Portugal against Hungary,[79] kept him out until 25 November, which in turn caused him to miss both of Madrid's Champions League group stage matches against Milan. Ronaldo made his first post-injury start in a 1–0 El Clásico defeat to Barcelona on 29 November. On 6 December, he was sent off for the first time in his Madrid career in Madrid's 4–2 victory against Almería, a match which also saw him miss a penalty. He was carded first for removing his shirt during a goal celebration, then for kicking out at an opponent three minutes later.[80] On 5 May 2010 Ronaldo scored his first Real Madrid hat-trick in an away game against Mallorca. Ronaldo and Gonzalo Higuaín scored 53 league goals during the course of the season and became Real's highest scoring league duo in their history.[81]
2010–11 season[link]
With the departure of Raúl during the summer of 2010, Ronaldo was handed the No. 7 jersey for Real Madrid.[82] On 23 October 2010, Ronaldo scored four goals against Racing de Santander,[83] the most goals he has ever scored in a single match.[84] This completed a goalscoring run of six consecutive matches (three in La Liga, one in the Champions League, and two for Portugal) in which Ronaldo scored in each match, totalling 11 goals, which is the most Ronaldo has scored in a single month. Before Real Madrid's 5–0 defeat by Barcelona at the Camp Nou, Ronaldo scored his second La Liga hat-trick of the season in a 5–1 win over Athletic Bilbao.[85] His final match of the calendar year saw him score a hat-trick in a 8–0 trashing of Levante in the Copa del Rey.[86]
Ronaldo began the 2011 with a very promising outlook, especially after Real Madrid acknowledged he had broken numerous goalscoring records, previously settled and held by classic players such as Alfredo Di Stéfano, Hugo Sánchez, and Manuel Alday.[87][88] Ronaldo began his scoring spree by scoring two vital goals in a tight 3–2 victory away to Getafe.[89] He then consolidated his massive performances by scoring a hat-trick and assisting Kaká to score his first league goal after his return from injury, in a 4–2 victory over Villarreal on 9 January. One game away from the middle of the season, Ronaldo had a very clear chance of breaking Telmo Zarra's and Hugo Sánchez's record of 38 League goals in a single season, since he was the league's top scorer with 22 goals, above Lionel Messi.[90][91] However, shortly after, Ronaldo experienced the biggest goal drought in his entire career, scoring only 2 goals in more than a month. During this period, Real Madrid acknowledged to have hit the crossbar more than 12 times in the season, most of the shots belonging to Ronaldo and almost all having happened during crucial moments in drawn matches.[92] Ronaldo then made a massive comeback by scoring a hat-trick in a 7–0 trashing of Málaga on 3 March 2011, but was affected by a muscle injury at the end of the match, which forced him to spend 10 days on the sidelines.
In April he made another massive comeback from injury, sustaining a three-game scoring streak (including 2 goals in Champions League quarter-finals against Tottenham Hotspur), thus arriving to the first of a historical series of four El Clásico encounters two goals short of breaking his personal record of 42 goals in all competitions in a single season, achieved at Manchester United in the 2007–08 season.
During the second league edition of El Clásico, Ronaldo scored from the penalty spot and took his tally to 41 goals, also taking his scoring streak to four games. On 20 April, Ronaldo scored the winning goal against Barcelona in the 103rd minute of the Copa del Rey final.[93] This goal would later be chosen as both Ronaldo's and Real Madrid's best goal in the season by several fan polls, including those of Marca[94] and Real Madrid's website.[95] 7 May saw Real travel to the Ramón Sánchez Pizjuán to take on Sevilla, where Ronaldo led the thrashing of a woeful Andalusian side, scoring four goals in a 6–2 victory. These four goals took him to 46 for the season which surpassed his previous record of 42 in a season playing for Manchester United.[96] Three days later he reached 49 goals for the season, by scoring another hat-trick in a 4–0 home win against Getafe. On 15 May, after scoring two free-kick goals in a 3–1 win over Villarreal, he equalled the La Liga record with most goals in a season with 38, a record previously held by Telmo Zarra and Hugo Sánchez.
On 21 May, he scored two goals in the last league match of the season against Almería, taking his Pichichi total to 41, and La Liga total to 40, becoming the first and only player to score 40 goals in a La Liga season. By doing this, he won the European Golden Shoe award once again, becoming the first player to win the trophy in two different leagues. The sports newspaper Marca, who awards the Pichichi Trophy, included the goal scored on 18 September 2010 against Real Sociedad in Ronaldo's goal count, which had been officially attributed to Pepe.[97] Should this goal be granted to Ronaldo, his goal count in the Pichichi Trophy would tally 41 goals. However, regardless of this goal polemic, Ronaldo's record-breaking figures became a source of major attention from public media, such as being included in the Sports Illustrated World XI,[98] rating him as one of the world's best footballers. Accounting for all competitions, Ronaldo ended the season with a total of 53 goals (not granting him the controversial goal from Pepe), having scored 25 goals with his right foot (excluding free-kicks and penalty-kicks) and 9 with his left foot.[99]
2011–12 season[link]
Real Madrid's pre-season began with a 4–1 victory over MLS team Los Angeles Galaxy,[100] with goals from Callejón, Joselu, Ronaldo, and Benzema.[101] Four days later Ronaldo scored a second half hat-trick in a 3–0 win against Guadalajara. Ronaldo's preseason performance was highly praised as world media kept hailing Ronaldo's extreme competitiveness and motivation, even during friendly matches. On 17 August 2011, Ronaldo scored his 100th goal with Real Madrid with a first-half equalizer against Barcelona in the second leg of the 2011 Spanish Supercup in the Camp Nou. On August 27, 2011, he opened the 2011–12 La Liga season with a hat-trick in a 6–0 win at Real Zaragoza.
In the first weeks of September, Ronaldo's physical performance was subject to scrutiny by world media, after Castrol released a television film named Ronaldo: Tested to the Limit where he was put to test in several fields, including mental and physical. Conclusions from the movie and doctors in the weeks following claimed that Ronaldo was one of the best athletes in the world, excelling in football and outstanding in almost every other category.[citation needed] Several sources[weasel words] drew comparisons between him and other top athletes, including sprinter Usain Bolt.[citation needed] On 24 September, Ronaldo scored a hat-trick (including two penalties) in Real Madrid's 6–2 win over Rayo Vallecano at the Santiago Bernabéu. This was his ninth La Liga hat-trick and tenth hat-trick for Real Madrid. On September 27, Ronaldo scored Real's opening goal in a 3–0 defeat of Ajax in the Champions League. On 22 October, after not scoring in his previous three games, Ronaldo scored his tenth La Liga hat-trick and eleventh in total for Real Madrid in a match away to Málaga, which Real Madrid won 4–0. His twelfth Real Madrid hat-trick followed on 6 November, in a 7–1 victory over Osasuna that ensured Madrid stayed top of the table heading into the international break.[102] On 19 November 2011, Ronaldo scored Real's second goal in a 2–3 defeat of Valencia. On 26 November 2011, Ronaldo scored two penalties in a 4–1 defeat of Atlético Madrid in the El Derbi madrileño. On 3 December 2011, Ronaldo scored Madrid's second goal in a 0–3 defeat of Sporting de Gijón in La Liga. He was one of the three finalists for the 2011 FIFA Ballon d'Or. On 13 December 2011, Ronaldo scored the second goal against SD Ponferradina in the first leg of the Copa del Rey Round 4, the match ended in a 0–2 win. On 17 December 2011, Ronaldo scored his twelfth La Liga hat-trick and thirteenth overall in a 6–2 win away to Sevilla. Ronaldo was third in the 2010–11 UEFA Best Player in Europe Award, behind Lionel Messi and Xavi Hernández, and second in the 2011 FIFA Ballon d'Or, behind Lionel Messi and ahead of Xavi Hernández. In Real Madrid's next game in La Liga at home to Granada Ronaldo scored the fifth goal in a 5–1 win. He was notably criticized in the public media[who?] for not celebrating the goal. On 22 January 2012, Ronaldo scored two penalties in a 4–1 win over Athletic Bilbao, and on 28 January scored Real Madrid's second and winning goal in a 3–1 win against Zaragoza. Ronaldo also scored two goals against Barcelona in the Copa del Rey Quarter-finals, which Real lost 4–3 on aggregrate. On 12 February 2012, Ronaldo scored a hat-trick, his thirteenth in La Liga and fourteenth for Real Madrid, in a 4–2 home win over Levante. This win stretched Real Madrid's lead over second-placed Barcelona to 10 points. On 24 March 2012, Ronaldo reached more than 100 goals in La Liga in just three season at Real Madrid. As of March 24, 2012, Ronaldo had averaged 1.01 goals per game in La Liga.
On 11 April, Ronaldo scored a hat-trick against Atletico Madrid in a 1–4 win, as well as assisting the last goal. His hat-trick, one goal from a free kick, one from 30 yards on the left wing and one penalty, gave him 40 league goals in the season, making him the only player in La Liga history to score 40 goals in two seasons, even doing so in consecutive seasons. Ronaldo officially broke his previous record of 40 goals in a La Liga season on 14 April, scoring in a 3–1 win against Sporting Gijón.
International career[link]
Ronaldo earned his first cap for Portugal in a 1–0 victory against Kazakhstan on 20 August 2003.[103]
Euro 2004[link]
Ronaldo was called up for Euro 2004,[104] scoring in a 2–1 group stage loss to eventual champions Greece[105] and in a 2–1 semi-final win over the Netherlands.[106] He was named in the team of the tournament despite finishing with only two goals.[107] He also represented Portugal at the 2004 Summer Olympics.[108][109]
2006 World Cup[link]
Ronaldo was the second-highest scorer in FIFA World Cup qualification in the European zone with seven goals,[107] and scored his first World Cup goal against Iran with a penalty kick.[110]
During a quarter-final match against England on 1 July 2006, Ronaldo's United teammate Wayne Rooney was sent off for stamping on Portugal defender Ricardo Carvalho. The English media speculated that Ronaldo had influenced referee Horacio Elizondo's decision by aggressively complaining, after which he was seen in replays winking at the Portuguese bench following Rooney's dismissal. After the match, Ronaldo insisted that Rooney was a friend and that he was not pushing for Rooney to be sent off.[111] On 4 July, Elizondo clarified that the red card was due to Rooney's infraction and not the fracas between Rooney and Ronaldo that followed.[112]
The angry reaction from the English press caused Ronaldo to consider leaving United,[113] and he allegedly told Spanish sports daily Marca that he wished to move to Real Madrid.[114] In response to the speculation, Ferguson sent Portuguese assistant manager Carlos Queiroz to speak to Ronaldo in attempt to change his mind, a sentiment that was shared by Rooney.[115][116] Ronaldo stayed, and signed his new five-year extension in April 2007.[117]
Ronaldo was booed during Portugal's semi-final defeat to France,[118] and missed out on the competition's Best Young Player award due to a negative e-mail campaign from England fans.[119] Though the online vote only affected the nomination process, FIFA's Technical Study Group awarded the honour to Germany's Lukas Podolski, citing Ronaldo's behaviour as a factor in the decision.[120]
Post-World Cup[link]
One day after his 22nd birthday, Ronaldo captained Portugal for the first time in a friendly against Brazil on 6 February 2007.[121] This move was in honour of Portuguese Football Federation president Carlos Silva, who had died two days earlier. Portugal coach Luiz Felipe Scolari explained, "Mr. Silva asked me to make [Ronaldo] captain as a gesture... [he] is too young to be captain, but Mr. Silva asked me, and now he is no longer with us."[122]
Euro 2008[link]
Ronaldo scored eight goals in Portugal's UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying campaign,[123] behind Poland's Ebi Smolarek, but finished with only one goal in the tournament as Portugal were eliminated in the quarter-finals by Germany.[124] When Carlos Queiroz was named Portugal's new coach in July 2008,[125] he appointed Ronaldo as team captain.[126]
2010 World Cup[link]
On 15 June 2010, in Portugal's opening World Cup match against Côte d'Ivoire, Ronaldo was tackled by right-back Guy Demel, which led to an argument and both being booked. The next day, Portugal contacted FIFA to suggest that Ronaldo's yellow card be rescinded since he was "pulled into" the confrontation after having already moved away from the spot where he was tackled, but the appeal was rejected.[127]
Ronaldo failed to make an impact in the World Cup; after going scoreless in the qualifiers, his only goal came in Portugal's 7–0 group stage thrashing of North Korea on 21 June,[128] which marked his first international goal in 16 months.[129] Portugal were ultimately eliminated by Spain in the Round of 16.
International goals[link]
| Goal | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12 June 2004 | Estádio do Dragão, Porto, Portugal |  Greece |
1–2 | 1–2 | Euro 2004 |
| 2 | 30 June 2004 | Estádio José Alvalade, Lisbon, Portugal |  Netherlands |
2–0 | 2–1 | Euro 2004 |
| 3 | 4 September 2004 | Skonto Stadium, Riga, Latvia |  Latvia |
0–1 | 0–2 | 2006 World Cup Qualification |
| 4 | 8 September 2004 | Estádio Dr. Magalhães Pessoa, Leiria, Portugal |  Estonia |
1–0 | 4–0 | 2006 World Cup Qualification |
| 5 | 13 October 2004 | Estádio José Alvalade, Lisbon, Portugal |  Russia |
2–0 | 7–1 | 2006 World Cup Qualification |
| 6 | 13 October 2004 | Estádio José Alvalade, Lisbon, Portugal | Russia |
4–0 | 7–1 | 2006 World Cup Qualification |
| 7 | 17 November 2004 | Stade Josy Barthel, Luxemburg City, Luxembourg |  Luxembourg |
0–2 | 0–5 | 2006 World Cup Qualification |
| 8 | 4 June 2005 | Estádio da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal |  Slovakia |
2–0 | 2–0 | 2006 World Cup Qualification |
| 9 | 8 June 2005 | A. Le Coq Arena, Tallinn, Estonia | Estonia |
0–1 | 0–1 | 2006 World Cup Qualification |
| 10 | 1 March 2006 | LTU Arena, Düsseldorf, Germany |  Saudi Arabia |
0–1 | 0–3 | Friendly |
| 11 | 1 March 2006 | LTU Arena, Düsseldorf, Germany | Saudi Arabia |
0–3 | 0–3 | Friendly |
| 12 | 17 June 2006 | Waldstadion, Frankfurt, Germany |  Iran |
2–0 | 2–0 | 2006 World Cup |
| 13 | 7 October 2006 | Estádio do Bessa, Porto, Portugal |  Azerbaijan |
1–0 | 3–0 | Euro 2008 Qualification |
| 14 | 7 October 2006 | Estádio do Bessa, Porto, Portugal | Azerbaijan |
3–0 | 3–0 | Euro 2008 Qualification |
| 15 | 15 November 2006 | Estádio Cidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal |  Kazakhstan |
2–0 | 3–0 | Euro 2008 Qualification |
| 16 | 24 March 2007 | Estádio José Alvalade, Lisbon, Portugal |  Belgium |
2–0 | 4–0 | Euro 2008 Qualification |
| 17 | 24 March 2007 | Estádio José Alvalade, Lisbon, Portugal | Belgium |
4–0 | 4–0 | Euro 2008 Qualification |
| 18 | 22 August 2007 | Hanrapetakan Stadium, Yerevan, Armenia |  Armenia |
1–1 | 1–1 | Euro 2008 Qualification |
| 19 | 8 September 2007 | Estádio da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal |  Poland |
2–1 | 2–2 | Euro 2008 Qualification |
| 20 | 17 October 2007 | Almaty Central Stadium, Almaty, Kazakhstan | Kazakhstan |
0–2 | 1–2 | Euro 2008 Qualification |
| 21 | 11 June 2008 | Stade de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland |  Czech Republic |
1–2 | 1–3 | Euro 2008 |
| 22 | 11 February 2009 | Estádio Algarve, Faro, Portugal |  Finland |
1–0 | 1–0 | Friendly |
| 23 | 21 June 2010 | Cape Town Stadium, Cape Town, South Africa |  North Korea |
6–0 | 7–0 | 2010 World Cup |
| 24 | 8 October 2010 | Estádio do Dragão, Porto, Portugal |  Denmark |
3–1 | 3–1 | Euro 2012 Qualification |
| 25 | 12 October 2010 | Laugardalsvöllur, Reykjavík, Iceland |  Iceland |
0–1 | 1–3 | Euro 2012 Qualification |
| 26 | 9 February 2011 | Stade de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland |  Argentina |
1–1 | 2–1 | Friendly |
| 27 | 10 August 2011 | Estádio Algarve, Faro, Portugal | Luxembourg |
2–0 | 5–0 | Friendly |
| 28 | 2 September 2011 | GSP Stadium, Nicosia, Cyprus |  Cyprus |
0–1 | 0–4 | Euro 2012 Qualification |
| 29 | 2 September 2011 | GSP Stadium, Nicosia, Cyprus | Cyprus |
0–2 | 0–4 | Euro 2012 Qualification |
| 30 | 11 October 2011 | Parken Stadium, Copenhagen, Denmark | Denmark |
2–1 | 2–1 | Euro 2012 Qualification |
| 31 | 15 November 2011 | Estádio da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal |  Bosnia and Herzegovina |
1–0 | 6–2 | Euro 2012 Qualification |
| 32 | 15 November 2011 | Estádio da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
3–1 | 6–2 | Euro 2012 Qualification |
Personal life[link]
File:Cristiano Ronaldo 1002665.jpg
Ronaldo during his spell at Real Madrid.
Ronaldo's father, José Dinis Aveiro, died of an alcoholism-related liver condition in September 2005[130] at age 52 when Ronaldo was 20. Ronaldo's mother and Manchester United coach have stated that he does not drink alcohol as a result and he has received libel damages over a Daily Mirror article that reported him drinking heavily in a nightclub while recovering from an injury in July 2008.[131]
Ronaldo's autobiography, titled Moments, was published in December 2007.[132] Along with one of his sisters, Ronaldo opened a fashion boutique under the name "CR7" (his initials and shirt number).[133] There are currently two CR7 shop locations, both of which are in Portugal; one in Lisbon and the other in Madeira.
On 9 June 2010, Madame Tussauds London unveiled Ronaldo's waxwork as part of the build-up to the World Cup. Ronaldo joined fellow footballers Steven Gerrard, Pelé and David Beckham at the event's venue.[134]
Ronaldo announced that he had become a father on 3 July 2010. His official Facebook and Twitter pages reference the birth of his son and request privacy.[135] The child, named Cristiano[136] is in full custody of Ronaldo.[135]
In August 2010, Ronaldo reached 10 million fans on Facebook and in doing so made history by becoming the first non-American personality ever to achieve that kind of success on the social networking site.[137]
Ronaldo has previously dated English models Alice Goodwin[138] and Gemma Atkinson, and since the start of 2010, he has been dating Russian model Irina Shayk.[139]
On December 5, 2011, Cristiano launched an iPhone game called Heads Up with Cristiano. The game is created by developer RockLive.[140].
In 17 May 2012, Ronaldo and Castrol EDGE launched a live-streamed football challenge against fans through Facebook. #RonaldoLIVE would be the world's first interactive football challenge streamed live through Facebook from a state-of-the-art testing facility in Madrid.[141]
Philanthropy[link]
Television footage of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami showed an eight-year-old boy wearing a No. 7 Portuguese football jersey who was stranded for 19 days after his family was killed. Following this, Ronaldo visited Aceh, Indonesia, to raise funds for rehabilitation and reconstruction.[142][143]
In support of the victims of the 2010 Madeira flood, Ronaldo played in a charity match in Madeira between the Primeira Liga club FC Porto and players from Madeiran based clubs Marítimo and Nacional.[144]
Career statistics[link]
Club[link]
Statistics accurate as of 13 May 2012.
| Club | Season | League1 | Cup | League Cup | Europe | Other2 | Total | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | ||
| Sporting CP | 2002–03 | 25 | 3 | 3 | 2 | – | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 31 | 5 | |
| Total | 25 | 3 | 3 | 2 | – | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 31 | 5 | ||
| Manchester United | 2003–04 | 29 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 40 | 6 |
| 2004–05 | 33 | 5 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 9 | |
| 2005–06 | 33 | 9 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 8 | 1 | – | 47 | 12 | ||
| 2006–07 | 34 | 17 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 3 | – | 53 | 23 | ||
| 2007–08 | 34 | 31 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 49 | 42 | |
| 2008–09 | 33 | 18 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 12 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 53 | 26 | |
| Total | 196 | 84 | 26 | 13 | 12 | 4 | 55 | 16 | 3 | 1 | 292 | 118 | |
| Real Madrid | 2009–10 | 29 | 26 | 0 | 0 | – | 6 | 7 | – | 35 | 33 | ||
| 2010–11 | 34 | 40 | 8 | 7 | – | 12 | 6 | – | 54 | 53 | |||
| 2011–12 | 38 | 46 | 5 | 3 | – | 10 | 10 | 2 | 1 | 55 | 60 | ||
| Total | 101 | 112 | 13 | 10 | – | 28 | 23 | 2 | 1 | 144 | 146 | ||
| Career total | 322 | 199 | 42 | 25 | 12 | 4 | 86 | 39 | 5 | 2 | 467 | 269 | |
12010–11 season notice: Does not include one goal scored on 18 September 2010 against Real Sociedad. Marca, which awards the Pichichi Trophy, attribute it to Ronaldo while La Liga and UEFA attribute it to Pepe.[97]
2Includes other competitive competitions, including the Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira, FA Community Shield, UEFA Super Cup, FIFA Club World Cup and Supercopa de España.
International[link]
- As of 26 May 2012.[145]
| National team | Year | Apps | Goals |
|---|---|---|---|
| Portugal | 2003 | 2 | 0 |
| 2004 | 16 | 7 | |
| 2005 | 10 | 2 | |
| 2006 | 14 | 6 | |
| 2007 | 10 | 5 | |
| 2008 | 8 | 1 | |
| 2009 | 7 | 1 | |
| 2010 | 11 | 3 | |
| 2011 | 9 | 7 | |
| 2012 | 2 | 0 | |
| Total | 89 | 32 | |
Career totals[link]
,_Lionel_Messi_(R)_%E2%80%93_Portugal_vs._Argentina,_9th_February_2011_(1).jpg)
| Professional career totals | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Teams | Appearances | Goals | Goals per game |
| Clubs | 467 | 269 | 0.58 |
| National team | 089 | 032 | 0.36 |
| Olympic final | 003 | 001 | 0.33 |
| Total | 559 | 302 | 0.54 |
Statistics accurate as of match played 26 May 2012.
Honours[link]
- Manchester United
- Premier League (3): 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09
- FA Cup (1): 2003–04
- Football League Cup (2): 2005–06, 2008–09
- FA Community Shield (1): 2007
- UEFA Champions League (1): 2007–08
- FIFA Club World Cup (1): 2008
- Real Madrid
- La Liga (1): 2011–12
- Copa del Rey (1): 2010–11
Individual[link]
- UEFA Euro All-Star Team (1): 2004
- Bravo Award (1): 2004
- FIFPro Special Young Player of the Year (2): 2004, 2005
- Portuguese Footballer of the Year (6): 2006–07,2007–08,2008–09,2009–10,2010–11,2011–12
- UEFA Team of the Year (6): 2003–04, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09, 2009–10, 2010–11
- Sir Matt Busby Player of the Year (3): 2003–04, 2006–07, 2007–08
- FIFA FIFPro World XI (5): 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011
- PFA Young Player of the Year (1): 2006–07
- PFA Players' Player of the Year (2): 2006–07, 2007–08
- PFA Fans' Player of the Year (2): 2006–07, 2007–08
- PFA Premier League Team of the Year (4): 2005–06, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09
- FWA Footballer of the Year (2): 2006–07, 2007–08
- Barclays Player of the Year (2): 2006–07, 2007–08
- Premier League Player of the Month (4): November 2006, December 2006, January 2008, March 2008
- Premier League Golden Boot (1): 2007–08
- Barclays Merit Award (1): 2007–08
- UEFA Champions League Topscorer (1): 2007–08
- European Golden Shoe (2): 2007–08, 2010–11
- UEFA Club Forward of the Year (1): 2007–08
- UEFA Club Footballer of the Year (1): 2007–08
- FIFA Club World Cup Silver Ball (1): 2008
- Ballon d'Or (1): 2008
- FIFA World Player of the Year (1): 2008
- FIFPro World Player of the Year (1): 2008
- Onze d'Or (1): 2008
- World Soccer Player of the Year (1): 2008
- FIFA Puskás Award (1): 2009
- La Liga top scorer (1): 2010–11
Orders[link]
- Officer of the Order of Infante Dom Henrique
- Medal of Merit, Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa (House of Bragança)[146]
References[link]
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External links[link]
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Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Cristiano Ronaldo |
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Cristiano Ronaldo |
- Official website
- Real Madrid official profile
- BDFutbol profile
- Cristiano Ronaldo at La Liga
- 2010 FIFA World Cup profile
- Cristiano Ronaldo at National-Football-Teams.com
- Cristiano Ronaldo – FIFA competition record
- Cristiano Ronaldo – UEFA competition record
- Transfermarkt profile
- Cristiano Ronaldo career stats at Soccerbase
- ESPN Profile
- Cristiano Ronaldo at the Internet Movie Database
- Profile at SoccerSurfer.com
- Cristiano Ronaldo on Playerhistory.com
| Sporting positions | ||
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| Preceded by Nuno Gomes |
Portugal national football team captain 2008–present |
Succeeded by Incumbent |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Dos Santos Aveiro, Cristiano Ronaldo |
| Alternative names | Ronaldo, Cristiano |
| Short description | Portuguese footballer |
| Date of birth | 5 February 1985 |
| Place of birth | Funchal, Madeira, Portugal |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Cristiano_Ronaldo
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristiano_Ronaldo
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
