Punalur

Saturday, 08 December 2012

Kavya Madhavan in Idimannickal Jewellers Punalur

Punalur Anilkumar murder, lover arrested

King Cobra Captured in Punalur (Karavoor)

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Alappuzha
Alappuzha (Malayalam: ആലപ്പുഴ pronunciation (help·info)), also known as Alleppey, is a town in Alappuzha District of Kerala state of southern India.This town is considered to be the oldest planned town in this region and the lighthouse built on the coast of the town is the first of its kind along the Arabian coast(refer encyclopedia of Kerala in Malayalam language). As per 2001 census Alleppey is the sixth largest city in Kerala with an urban population of 177,029. Alleppey is situated 62 kilometres (39 mi) to the south of Kochi and 155 kilometres (96 mi) north of Trivandrum. A town with picturesque canals, backwaters, beaches, and lagoons, it was described as the one of the places known as "Venice of the East" by Lord Curzon . It is the administrative headquarters of Alappuzha District. Malayalam is the most spoken language. Hindi, English and Tamil are also widely spoken in the town.^{[citation needed]}
Alleppey is an important tourist destination in India.Backwaters of Alleppey are world famous and is the most popular tourist attraction in Kerala. A houseboat cruise in these backwaters is a delightful experience. It connects Kumarakom and Cochin towards north and Quilon to the South. Alappuzha is also the access point for the annual Nehru Trophy Boat Race, held on the Punnamada Lake, near Alappuzha, held on the second Saturday of August every year, is the most competitive and popular of the boat races in India. The mullackal chirap is also one of the attractions of Allapuzha which is the festive season held ten colorfull days every year in the month of December.

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Alappuzha district
Alappuzha (Malayalam: ആലപ്പുഴ) is one of the 14 districts in the state of Kerala in India. It was formed as Alleppey District on August 17, 1957. The name of the district was officially changed to Alappuzha in 1990. The district is a widely known tourist destination, and is well known for its coir factories. Most of Kerala's coir industries are situated in and around Alappuzha. The district is also known for its communist traditions. It is home to the Punnapra Vayalar strikes against the British and also the revolt against feudal raj. Alappuzha is strongly connected by waterways to various other parts of Kerala, including the famous tourist destination, Kumarakom.
Alleppey has a wonderful past. Though the present town owes its existence to the sagacious Diwan Rajakesavadas in the second half of 18th century, district of Alappuzha figures in classified Literature. Kuttanad, the rice bowl of Kerala with the unending stretch of paddy fields, small streams and canals with lush green coconut palms, was well known even from the early periods of the Sangam age. History says Alappuzha had trade relations with ancient Greece and Rome in B.C and in the Middle Ages.

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Aranmula
Aranmula (Malayalam: ആറന്മുള) is a village in the state of Kerala, India. At a distance of about 128 km from Trivandrum, the capital of Kerala, it is situated on the banks of the river Pampa. Traditions, culture, traditional village life, sceneries are unique for Aranmula. It is a suburb of Kozhencherry in Pathanamthitta District. Nearby important towns are Pathanamthitta (10 km), Pandalam (14 km) Chengannur (10 km). The nearest railway station is at Chengannur and airports are at Kochi and Thiruvananthapuram. It is the venue of the annual snake boat race on the Pampa river. Aranmula is also famous for its metal mirrors, known as Aranmula kannadi. The palace at aranmula ( Aranmula kottaram) has a history of 200 years.
Aranmula is located at 9°20′N 76°41′E / 9.33°N 76.68°E / 9.33; 76.68. It has an average elevation of 7 m (23 ft).
Aranmula Pardhasaradhi Temple is a famous old major temple in Kerala. Main idol is Krishna, who is the leader of Arjuna in Kurukshetra War. It is believed that this temple was built near Sabarimalai near Nilackal. There is a flight of 18 steps that lead to the Eastern Tower while 57 descending steps from the Northern tower reaches the Pampa River. The temple here has fine murals from the 18th century.

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Ayoor
Ayoor is a town in Kollam district, Kerala state, India. Ayoor is located on the M C Road (Thiruvananthapuram-Kottarakara route). It is 55 km north of Thiruvananthapuram and 17 km south of Kottarakara. Anchal is 8 km away and Nilamel and Kadakkal lies south of Ayoor. The Chadayamangalam Rock is near Ayoor. The place is a commercial center with rubber, paddy, cashew and pepper being the main trading items. The nearest airport is Thiruvananthapuram International Airport, 62 km south of Ayoor. Kollam Junction Railway Station is 31 km away.

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Chennai
Chennai /ˈtʃɛnaɪ/, formerly Madras /məˈdræs/, is the capital city of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Located on the Coromandel Coast off the Bay of Bengal, it is a major commercial, cultural, and educational centre in South India, while the port of Chennai is the second largest port in India. As of the 2011 census, the city had 4.68 million residents making it the sixth most populous city in India; the urban agglomeration, which comprises the city and its suburbs, was home to approximately 8.9 million, making it the fourth most populous metropolitan area in the country.
Although the area has been part of successive South Indian kingdoms through centuries, the recorded history of the city began in the colonial times, specifically with the arrival of British East India Company and the establishment in 1644 of Fort St George, an English settlement. The British defended several attacks from the French colonial forces, and from the kingdom of Mysore, on Chennai's way to become a major naval port and presidency city by late eighteenth century. Following the independence of India, Chennai became the capital of Tamil Nadu and a hotbed of regional politics that tended to bank on Dravidian identity of the populace. Chennai had become a bustling metropolis with beautiful classical and colonial European styled buildings, lining the city’s thoroughfares.

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Chirayinkeezhu taluk

Chirayinkeezhu Taluk is a Taluk (tehsil) in Thiruvananthapuram district in the Indian state of Kerala. It is situated in the northern part of the Thiruvananthapuram district. It comprises 29 villages and two municipalities. Chirayinkeezhu taluk is the birthplace of a host of illustrious personalities like Raja Ravi Varma, the painter among princes and a prince among painters, the great poet and social reformer Kumaran Asan, the practical saint and sanyasin Sree Narayana Guru, Prem Nazir etc.
There are 29 villages and two municipalities are in the taluk.
Alamcode, Ayiroor, Azhoor, Chemmaruthy, Cherunniyoor, Chirayinkeezhu, Edakkode, Edava, Kadakkavoor, Karavaram, Keezhattingal, Kilimanoor, Koonthalloor, Koduvazhannoor, Kudavoor, Madavoor, Manamboor, Mudakkal, Nagaroor, Navaikulam, Ottoor, Pallickal, Pazhayakunnummel, Perunguzhi, Pulimath, Sarkara-Chirayinkeezhu, Vakkom, Vellalloor, Vettoor·
There are two municipalities: Varkala and Attingal.
Chirayinkeezh is blessed with a network of backwaters and canals, which is quite typical of Kerala.Also there are many Temples and important tourist places. Some of them are given below.

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Chittur
Chittur is a small town in Palakkad district of Kerala, South India.
Chittur assembly constituency is part of Alathur (Lok Sabha constituency). It contains 16 panchayats.
As of 2001^[update] India census, Chittur-Thathamangalam had a population of 31,884. Males constitute 49% of the population and females 51%. Chittur-Thathamangalam has an average literacy rate of 79%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 84% and female literacy of 74%. 9% of the population is under 6 years of age.

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Devikulam
Devikulam is a small hill station about 16 km from Munnar in the Idukki District of the southern state of Kerala in India. It is 1800 m above sea level.
The name Devikulam means:
Devi -> Seeta Devi and Kulam -> Pond
According to legend, the goddess Sita Devi of the Ramayana epic bathed in the beautiful Devikulam lake waters surrounded by lush, green hills, now named Sita Devi Lake. The lake draws tourists not only because of its sacredness but also for the curative powers of its mineral waters. Most of the inhabitants in this town speak Tamil. Nearby, are the scenic Pallivasal Waterfalls, dense, green tea plantations, and the natural vegetation of slim red and blue and yellow gum trees.
Population of approximately 350 people (2010)

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Edathua
Edathua (Malayalam: എടത്വ) is a place in Kuttanad, Alappuzha district, Kerala, India.
Situated 12 km from Thiruvalla Town, Edathua is famous for the St. George Catholic Church known as 'Edathua Palli' situated here. The Church celebrates its major feast during the month of May. It is an important destination for the Christian and non Christian Pilgrims. People from throughout the state as well as from the neighboring states visit the town and the church. St. Aloysius college which is under Mahatma Gandhi University built and managed by the Church parish is located here.
This town is in the beautiful Kuttanad region. It lies below the sea level. Agricultural land [rice farms] in this region are separated from big and small rivers, that run like the highways, streets and avenues of New York around the blocks of farms, by high mud levees [bunds called 'Puravaramp']. Farmers and agricultural workers built and build their habitat and houses on reclaimed land by expanding upon these levees around these paddy fields known as 'Padam'. These levees are also often planted with coconut trees which is a major commercial crop in the region. The area attracts a lot of international tourists. Houseboat trips through the backwaters and river systems of this spectacular evergreen region is available from near Edathua.

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Elampal
Elampal is a village in Kollam district of Kerala, India. It lies on the Kollam-Thirumangalam National Highway (NH-744). The nearest town is Punalur. Pincode of Elampal 691322. Elampal Mahadevar Temple is at this village. There are churches and mosques also. Vicar of Marthomite Church in Ealmpal is Rev. K.C. Varghese.People belong to the major religions are living in harmony. People with different beliefs respect each other. Elampal Government UPS under General Education Department of the Government of Kerala offers education from Standard I to VII. Elampal Service Cooperative Bank Limited and Federal Bank, Elampal(Ilambal, as they say) are the major banks in the locality.

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Eloor
Eloor is a suburb of Kochi and a municipality in Ernakulam District in the Indian state of Kerala, India. It is an industrial area north of Cochin. It is an island of 14.21 km² formed between two distributaries of river Periyar and is the largest industrial belt in Kerala. Eloor is a part of Kochi metropolitan area.
There are more than 247 industries of different kinds e.g., Fertilisers and Chemicals Travancore (FACT), Travancore Cochin Chemicals, Indian Rare Earths Limited, Hindustan Insecticides Limited (the world's largest manufacturer of DDT) and many others manufacturing a range of products like chemical-petrochemical products, pesticides and insecticides, rare earth elements, rubber processing chemicals, fertilizers, zinc/chromium compounds and leather products.
As a result of its heavy industry, the town also suffers from heavy pollution, and is rated as one of the toxic hotspots of the world by Green Peace International.
As of 2001^[update] India census, Eloor had a population of 30,092. 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Eloor has an average literacy rate of 84%, somewhat higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 86%, and female literacy is 81%.

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Ernakulam district
Ernakulam District is a district of the state of Kerala in southern India. The district includes the largest metropolitan region of the state Greater Cochin. Ernakulam District is the highest revenue yielding district in the state and is called and known as the commercial capital of Kerala. It is the third most populous district in Kerala,after Malappuram and Thiruvananthapuram (out of 14). Ernakulam district also hosts the highest number of number of international and domestic tourists in Kerala state.
It is surrounded by Thrissur District to the north, Idukki District to the east, Alappuzha and Kottayam districts to the south and Arabian sea to west. Its headquarters is located at Kakkanad, a suburb of Kochi city.
The language people speak in Ernakulam is Malayalam which is the mother-tongue of the State of Kerala. English is widely used in business circles.
The word/name Ernakulam is derived from a Tamil word Erayanarkulam which means abode of Lord Shiva.
From ancient times Arabs, Chinese, Dutch, British and Portuguese seafarers followed the sea route to Kingdom of Cochin and left their impressions in the town. The word Ernakulam was drawn from the words Erayanar and kulam means abode of Lord Shiva temple near pond.

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Erumely
Erumely is a holy place in Sabarimala Pilgrimage.

Erumely is on the Kanjirappalli - Pathanamthitta Route. A small river, Koratty(originally known as Manimala river), marks the entrance of Erumely town. Erumely is a small town in Kottayam District and Kanjirappally Taluk. It's situated very near to highrange.
Erumely can be reached through Mundakkayam, Kanjirappaly, or Ranni. People coming from Kottayam can be reached through Kanjirappaly.People from highrange can access Erumely through Mundakkayam or Kanjirappally. Pathanamthitta and Trivandrum people can come through Ranni. NH220 National Highway passes 10 km near to Erumely through 26th mile, which makes it reachable easily. Nearest Rail Heads: Kottayam, Chengannur, Changanachery Nearest Airport : Cochin
Eerumely pettakettu is one of the famous celebration over there.

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Ettumanoor
Ettumanoor (sometimes referred to as Ettumanur) is a major town in the Kottayam District of Kerala, India, located 11 kilometers north-east of Kottayam town, 65 km from Cochin and 73 km from Cochin International Airport. The state Highway No.1 popularly known as the Main Central (MC) Road, passess through Ettumanoor, and is a major connecting link between Palai and beyond to the Western Ghats and to the commercial capital of Kerala - Kochi. Ettumanoor is en route to the tourist resort at Wagamon and Poonjar.
The name of the place had its origin from the word 'man oor' in Malayalam, which means the place of deer as 'maan' means deer and 'oor' means place. There is another version about the origin of the name Ettumanoor is about the former rulers of this place. Ettu in malayalam language means Eight, Mana means the house of a Brahmin and Oor in Tamil means village.This was a place ruled by the Brahmins who lived in eight separate houses. Ettmanoor is a historical place as myths have says that the Pandavas and the sage Vyasa had established temple here.

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Government of Kerala
The Government of Kerala is a democratically elected body that governs the State of Kerala, India for a period of 5 years. The state government is headed by the Governor of Kerala as the nominal head of state, with a democratically elected Chief Minister as real head of the executive. The state government maintains its capital at Thiruvananthapuram(Trivandrum). The Government of Kerala was formed on November 1, 1956 after merging of Royal States of Travancore-Cochin with Malabar as part of States Reorganization Act-1956.
The Governor is appointed by the President for a term of five years. The executive and legislative powers lie with the Chief Minister and his council of ministers, who are by the Governor. The Governors of the states and territories of India have similar powers and functions at the state level as that of the President of India at Union level. Only Indian citizens above 35 years of age are eligible for appointment. Governors discharge all constitutional functions such as the appointment of the Chief Minister, sending reports to the President about failure of constitutional machinery in a state, or with respect to issues relating to the assent to a bill passed by legislature, exercise or their own opinion.

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Guruvayoor
Guruvayur (Malayalam: ഗുരുവായൂർ) (also written as Guruvayoor or Gurupavanapuri) is a municipal town in Thrissur District, of Kerala State in India. It houses the famous Guruvayur Sree Krishna Temple, the fourth biggest temple in India in terms of the number of devotees per day.
Guruvayur, according to the legends may be 5,000 years old as the Guruvayur temple idol is. There are no historical records to establish it. In the 14th century, Tamil literature 'Kokasandesam', references about a place called Kuruvayur is made. As early as 16th century, many references are seen about Kuruvayur. In ancient Dravidic, Kuruvai means sea, hence the village on the coast may be called Kuruvayur. According to eminent historian Professor K. V. Krishna Iyer, the Brahmins had begun to come and settle at Kodungallur during the period of Chandra Gupta Maurya (321-297 BC).
Guruvayur was a subordinate shrine of Trikkunavay Shiva temple before the latter was destroyed by the Dutch in 1755. Trikkunavay in the Guruvayur documents is the same as Thrikkanamathilakam or Mathilakam mentioned in the Dutch and British records. And this place was in between Guruvayur and Kodungallur. The story of Pandyan King building a shrine here may be a reference to the Azhavars, but they are all silent in their writing about Guruvayur. It was Melpathur Narayana Bhattathiri's Narayaniyam through which the Guruvayur temple got famous all over India.

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Guruvayur
Guruvayur (Malayalam: ഗുരുവായൂർ) (also written as Guruvayoor or Gurupavanapuri) is a municipal town in Thrissur District, of Kerala State in India. It houses the famous Guruvayur Sree Krishna Temple, the fourth biggest temple in India in terms of the number of devotees per day.
Guruvayur, according to the legends may be 5,000 years old as the Guruvayur temple idol is. There are no historical records to establish it. In the 14th century, Tamil literature 'Kokasandesam', references about a place called Kuruvayur is made. As early as 16th century, many references are seen about Kuruvayur. In ancient Dravidic, Kuruvai means sea, hence the village on the coast may be called Kuruvayur. According to eminent historian Professor K. V. Krishna Iyer, the Brahmins had begun to come and settle at Kodungallur during the period of Chandra Gupta Maurya (321-297 BC).
Guruvayur was a subordinate shrine of Trikkunavay Shiva temple before the latter was destroyed by the Dutch in 1755. Trikkunavay in the Guruvayur documents is the same as Thrikkanamathilakam or Mathilakam mentioned in the Dutch and British records. And this place was in between Guruvayur and Kodungallur. The story of Pandyan King building a shrine here may be a reference to the Azhavars, but they are all silent in their writing about Guruvayur. It was Melpathur Narayana Bhattathiri's Narayaniyam through which the Guruvayur temple got famous all over India.

wn.com/Guruvayur
Haripad
Haripad (Malayalam: ഹരിപ്പാട്) is a town in Alappuzha District, Kerala, India, located between Alappuzha and Kollam on National Highway 47. Haripad is close to the Arabian Sea, and connects Mavelikkara and Thrikkunnappuzha.
Haripad is known as the 'Town of Temples'. There are eighteen Hindu temples there and more than 30 more in the surrounding countryside. The most famous temples are Subrahmanya Swami Temple and the Mannarashala Nagaraja Temple. The first Sri Ramakrishna Asrama in the state of Kerala was established at Pilapuzha in Haripad on 4 May 1913. It is the land of "Mayura Sandesa", the land of snake boats and the land of music, dance and drama. According to colonial Dutch Governor Gollanez the sea coast between Quilon and Purakkad which the Dutch called 'Martha" and which region was known as Karthikappally (of which Haripad was a part) consisted of two regions or nation states, Karnoppally (the present Karunagapally) and Karimpali.
Haripad derived its name from either Aripad (as Ari means Rice and this was the place where from the major portion of the rice for the state came), or "Harigeethapuram". In a literary piece of Kerala Varma Valia Koithampuran there is a reference to Pahi Harigeetha Pathanapathe" (save as the master of Harigeetha) 'Mayura Sandesa' has a reference to 'Aripadu vaanoru Kaalam' (at a time when Haripad was ruled). Swathi Thirunal addresses Subramanya as Harigeetha puthalaya dweep', all the show long history and importance of the name Haripad. To this may be added the fact that Karithikapally was called the place where Karthikayan lived.' (Karthikayan Pallikollunnidom).

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Hyderabad, India
Hyderabad (ⁱ/ˈhaɪdərəbæd/) is the capital of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Located on the banks of the Musi River in the Deccan Plateau, the city is one of the largest in India with an area of 650 square kilometres (250 sq mi) and a population of 6.8 million, while the metropolitan area contains 7.7 million residents, making it the fourth most populous city and the sixth most populous urban agglomeration in the country. In 2008, the nominal gross domestic product (GDP) of Hyderabad was US$ 60 billion—ranking fourth in India and ninety third in the world.
Hyderabad city was established in 1591 CE by Sultan Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah, whose dynasty lasted until 1658 when Mughal emperor Aurangzeb occupied Golconda Sultanate and the city became part of the Mughal empire's Deccan province. In 1724 Asif Jah I, a Mughal viceroy, declared his sovereignty and formed the Asif Jahi Dynasty, also known as the Nizams of Hyderabad. The Nizams ruled the princely state of Hyderabad for more than two centuries, under subsidiary alliance with the British Raj. The city remained the dynasty's capital from 1769 until 1948—when the Nizam signed an Instrument of Accession with the Indian Union following Operation polo. In 1956, the city was merged with Andhra State. Since 1969 Hyderabad is a major center of the Telangana movement, which demands a separate state for the Telengana region of Andhra Pradesh.

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Idukki district
Idukki is one of the 14 districts of Kerala state, India. The district headquarters is located at Kuyilimala in Painavu.

The name of the district is derived from the Malayalam word Idukki, meaning narrow gorge.
Idukki has an area of 4,479 km² (1,729 sq mi) and is the second largest District of Kerala (the largest being Palakkad). Rugged mountains and forests cover about 97 percent of the total area of the District. The district borders the Kerala districts of Pathanamthitta to the south, Kottayam to the southwest, Ernakulam to the northwest and Thrissur to the north and Coimbature, Dindigul and Theni Districts in Tamilnadu to the east.
Anamudi, the highest peak in India south of Himalayas, is in the Kuttampuzha Panchayat of Adimali Block, in the Kannan Devan Hills Village of Devikulam taluk. Thirteen other peaks in the district exceed a height of 2,000 m (6,600 ft). The Periyar, Thodupuzhayar and Thalayar are the important rivers of the district.
The four taluks (subdistricts) in the district are Devikulam, Udumbanchola, Peerumade and Thodupuzha. The taluks contain 65 villages between them.

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India
India (ⁱ/ˈɪndiə/), officially the Republic of India (Bhārat Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south-west, and the Bay of Bengal on the south-east, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Burma and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; in addition, India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.
Home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history. Four of the world's major religions—Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism—originated here, whereas Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived in the 1st millennium CE and also helped shape the region's diverse culture. Gradually annexed by and brought under the administration of the British East India Company from the early 18th century and administered directly by the United Kingdom from the mid-19th century, India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by non-violent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi.

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Kaduthuruthy
Kaduthuruthy (some times spelt as Kaduthuruthi or Kaduturutti) (malayalam: കടുത്തുരുത്തി) is a small town in Kottayam District, Kerala, South India.
Kaduturuthy is located at 9°45′N 76°30′E / 9.75°N 76.50°E / 9.75; 76.50. It has an average elevation of 12 m (39 ft). The name Kaduthuruthy originated from ‘Kadal thuruth’ meaning near to the beach as it is believed that several centuries ago, the Arabian sea extended inward into the place, and that it receded due to a Tsunami.
Kaduthuruthy has a picturesque nature and ecosystem. It is a transit point between the hilly middle region of Kerala and backwater coastal land. The nearest main railway station is Kaduthuruthy.
The first Sandesh Kavyam (Message in Poetry) in Malayalam called "Unnuneeli Sandesham" gives an insight into the history of the place. The author is believed to be a member of one of the Travancore Royal Families. The work describes the grand harbour of the town in great detail, something amazing now as the sea is several miles away now. The sea is said to have receded some time in the 14th century possibly following an earthquake or a Tsunami.

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Kalamassery
Kalamassery' (Malayalam: കളമശ്ശേരി) is a region in the city of Kochi and a Municipality in the District of Ernakulam of Kerala state, India. It is a concentrated region of industrialization with several factories manufacturing chemicals and fertilizers, as well as IT companies. In the vicinity of Kalamassery are the Thrikkakara temple, the Cochin University of Science and Technology and the Eloor industrial township. The Periyar river flows through Kalamassery.
The name Kalamassery is derived from ‘Kalabasery’. Kalabasery was the place from where Kalabam was brought to Thrikkakara Temple. Later this Kalabasery changed its name into Kalamassery.
As of 2001 India census, Kalamassery had a population of 63,176. Sex ratio is 956 females per 1000 males. Kalamassery has an average literacy rate of 84%, which is well higher than the national average of 59.5%. Male literacy is 87%, and female literacy is 82%. In Kalamassery, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age. Although Muslims are the largest community, a sizable amount of the population follow Hinduism and Christianity.

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Kallada River
The Kallada River is one of two major rivers that flow through the Kollam District of Kerala, India. It originates on the Kulathupuzha hills near Ponmudi and travels for 121 km, flowing through Punalur, Pathanapuram, Kunnathur and Kallada before ending at Ashtamudi Lake. The Palaruvi Falls also feeds Kallada river.
Coordinates: 8°59′N 76°38′E / 8.983°N 76.633°E / 8.983; 76.633

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Kanhangad
Kanhangad (Malayalam: കാഞ്ഞങ്ങാട്) is a town and a municipality in Kasaragod District in the Indian state of Kerala. It is 28 km from the district headquarters of Kasaragod. Bekal Fort is a 300-year old fort, one of the largest and best preserved forts in Kerala and lies 10 km north of Kanhangad . The fort is believed to have been built by Ikkeri Shivappa Nayaka. A Hanuman temple is located at the entrance of the fort. The construction resembles the Portuguese fort at Kannur St.Angelo's Fort.
As of 2001^[update] India census, Kanhangad had a population of 65,499. Males constitute 48% of the population and females 52%. Kanhangad has an average literacy rate of 78%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 83%, and female literacy is 74%. In Kanhangad, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age. The most widely spoken language is Malayalam. Other prominent languages spoken by communities living here include Konkani, Tulu and Kannada. A large GSB Brahmin community (who speaks Konkani) lives here. The famous Gowda Saraswat Brahmin temple, Lakshmi Venkatesh temple (LV temple) is also situated in Kanhangad. There is also a small Palghat Iyer Brahmin community which speaks a mix of Malayalam and Tamil.

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Kanjirappally
Kanjirappally (Malayalam: കാഞ്ഞിരപ്പള്ളി) is a taluk and a town in Kottayam district, in the state of Kerala, India. Rubber plantations are a major source of income for the local population. The place has a large population of Syrian Catholic Christians. The Christian colonization of Kanjirappally had a profound impact on the history of commerce and agriculture in these parts. The Christians claim their roots from early settlements at Nilakkal or Chayal on the banks of Pamba River. There is also a strong belief that the flourishing Christian community here was founded by Saint Thomas the Apostle himself. The place was in the forest recesses far away from seats of power. Nilakkal became an important depot for spices like pepper, cardamom etc. and the Christians were engaged in this lucrative trade as procures and sorters.
Kanjirappally is a small city that boasts of it religious harmony. The population is a mixture of Christians, Muslims, and Hindus.
One of the oldest and most famous church in the diocese of Kanjirappally. It was built in the 1449 AD, even 50 years before the Portuguese landed in Kerala.

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Kannur
Kannur pronunciation (help·info) (Malayalam: കണ്ണൂര്‍, Kaṇṇūr ^?), also known as Cannanore, is a city in Kannur district in the Indian state of Kerala. It is the administrative headquarters of the District of Kannur and 518 km north of state capital Trivandrum. During British rule in India, Kannur was known by its old name Cannanore(Land of lord Krishna^{[citation needed]}), which is still in fairly common usage. Kannur is the 6th largest city in Kerala, after Thiruvananthapuram, Ernakulam, Kozhikode, Thrissur and Kollam. It is the largest city of North Malabar region. Kannur Municipality was established in 1867 and is one of the oldest municipalities in Kerala.
Kannur is one of the Million Plus urban agglomerations in India with a population of 1,642,892 in 2011. Kannur is known as the Land of Looms and Lores, because of the loom industries functioning in the district and ritualistic folk arts held in temples. Kannur is famous for its pristine beaches; Theyyam, its native performing art, and its handloom industry.

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Kannur district
Kannur District (Malayalam: കണ്ണൂര്‍ ജില്ല) is one of the 14 districts in the state of Kerala, India. The town of Kannur is the district headquarters, and gives the district its name. The old name Cannanore is the anglicised form of the Malayalam name Kannur. Kannur District is bounded by Kasaragod District to the north, Kozhikode District to the south and Wayanad District to the south-east. To the east the district is bounded by the Western Ghats, which forms the border with Karnataka State, in its district of Kodagu. The Arabian Sea lies to the west.
Kannur is the most urbanised district in Kerala, with more than 50% of its residents living in urban areas. Kannur has an urban population of 1,212,898, which is the second largest in Kerala after Ernakulam district.
Kannur District is known as the land of looms and lores, because of the loom industries functioning in the district and festivals held in temples. The district is a major centre of Theyyam, a ritual dance of northern Kerala. Small shrines known as kavus associated with the Theyyam dot the district. The district is set to have a new international airport. Kannur International Airport will be the fourth International Airport in Kerala.

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Karavaloor
Karavaloor is a village in Pathanapuram Taluk of Kollam district in the state of Kerala, India.
As of 2001^[update] India census, Karavaloor had a population of 23709 with 11334 males and 12375 females.
Karavaloor can also be written as karavalur. There is a history or myth behind the name Karavalur, which 'kara' is a word derived from name khara", demon who took his sword at this place yo fight aganist lord SREE RAM..... "Val"(Swod) "Uru" (place). The elaborated meaning of the name Karavalur in the language " Malayalam" means, "the place where DEMON KHARA took his sword" the shiva idol of peedika bhagavathy TEMPLE is considered to be installed by lord RAM..
Overview
Karavalur is a village located at Kollam district of Kerala.
Karavalur Panchayathu is located about 6 km from Punalur on Punalur Kulathupuzha or Punalur Thiruvananthapuram road.
The scenic beauty of the area is quite noteworthy, The place is filled with rubber trees (beauty of rubber trees and rubber palu), jack fruit trees and paddy fields. Karavalur is surrounded by small, but beautiful places like Poikayil Jn, Ayanicodu, Venjembu, and Mathra, where the Panchayathu administrative office as well as the village office also located. The serving Branch post office at Karavalur is located at the heart of Karavalur jn (PIN 691 318), which is apart from Mathra Post office The majority of the population are members of the Hindus or Christians or Muslims, where there are a minority of Knanaya Catholic community (CKP). St.Mary’s church in Tholicodu is famous for its perunnal (feast) on December 8, where the Knanaya crowd assemble and worship. Similarly St. Mary’s churches located at Karavalur and Adukkalamoola are also famous in its feasts, where Roman and Latin Catholics worship.

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Karunagapally
Karunagappally (or Karunagappalli, Malayalam: കരുനാഗപ്പള്ളി Karunāgappaḷḷi) is a gramapanchayath and [[municipality] in Kollam district, Kerala, India. Karunagappally is situated 27 km north to Kollam.
Karunagappally Taluk consists of 12 Panchayats : Karunagappally, Thodiyoor, Panmana, Alappad, Chavara, Neendakara, Thevalakkara, Thekkumbhagom, Kulasekharapuram, Thazhava, Clappana and Oachira. The taluk is bound on the north by Kayamkulam, east by Kunnathur taluk, south by Kollam and on the west by the Arabian Sea.
About 400 years back there lived in Malabar (now North Kerala) a famous Muslim cleric. He had a disciple called Ali Hassan who was a mystic. With the blessings of the cleric Ali Hassan set out on a trip to the south. He first reached Oachira and from there a place called Puthiyakavu. The area was covered with dense forests and was believed to have been the preserve of a deadly black serpent. Fearing the serpent, people stayed away from the place. But Ali Hassan approached the king and requested that he be given some land here. The king gave him the area occupied by the black serpent. As Hassan was clearing the forests, the black serpent appeared but he skilfully caged it and took it to the king. The serpent escaped from the cage causing panic in the royal circles but Hassan again managed to cage it and took it back to the forest where he set it free. That was the last anyone had seen the serpent. A happy king allowed Hassan to build a mosque (Palli) at the place.^{[citation needed]}

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Karunagappalli
Karunagappally (or Karunagappalli, Malayalam: കരുനാഗപ്പള്ളി Karunāgappaḷḷi) is a gramapanchayath and [[municipality] in Kollam district, Kerala, India. Karunagappally is situated 27 km north to Kollam.
Karunagappally Taluk consists of 12 Panchayats : Karunagappally, Thodiyoor, Panmana, Alappad, Chavara, Neendakara, Thevalakkara, Thekkumbhagom, Kulasekharapuram, Thazhava, Clappana and Oachira. The taluk is bound on the north by Kayamkulam, east by Kunnathur taluk, south by Kollam and on the west by the Arabian Sea.
About 400 years back there lived in Malabar (now North Kerala) a famous Muslim cleric. He had a disciple called Ali Hassan who was a mystic. With the blessings of the cleric Ali Hassan set out on a trip to the south. He first reached Oachira and from there a place called Puthiyakavu. The area was covered with dense forests and was believed to have been the preserve of a deadly black serpent. Fearing the serpent, people stayed away from the place. But Ali Hassan approached the king and requested that he be given some land here. The king gave him the area occupied by the black serpent. As Hassan was clearing the forests, the black serpent appeared but he skilfully caged it and took it to the king. The serpent escaped from the cage causing panic in the royal circles but Hassan again managed to cage it and took it back to the forest where he set it free. That was the last anyone had seen the serpent. A happy king allowed Hassan to build a mosque (Palli) at the place.^{[citation needed]}

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Kasaragod district
Kasargod District (Malayalam: കാസര്‍ഗോഡ് ജില്ല)is one of the districts of the Indian state of Kerala. Kasargod District was organised as a separate district on 24 May 1984. It is the northernmost district of Kerala and is named after Kasaragod Town which is the administrative headquarters of the district.Kasargod is the northernmost district of Kerala and world renowned for its coir and hand loom industries. The district has a coastline of around 293 kilometers and that why the livelihood of Kasargod people mainly depends on fisheries.The district is popular with the forts, rivers, hillocks, beaches and shrines here. The Kasargod District is uniquely known for its Linguistics Culture and it is the best example for the "Linguistic Harmony".
To its south lies Kannur District[കണ്ണൂര്‍ ജില്ല ] and to the north the Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka state. All along its east it is walled by the Western Ghats while along the west the Arabian Sea borders it. The district, covering an area of around 1992 km², has a population (2001 census) of 1,203,342 and has two taluks, namely, 75.13and Hosdurg; It has three municipalities (Kasargod, Kanhangad and Nileshwaram) and thirty-eight grama panchayats. The district is further sub-divided into six administrative segments called development blocks, namely, Manjeshwar, Kasaragod, Kanhangad, and Nileshwar, Parappa, Karadukka. Like other districts of Kerala, Kasargod district too has a high literacy rate, around 85.17% according to the 2001 census.

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Kasaragod Town
Kasaragod is a town and a municipality in Kasaragod district in the Indian state of Kerala. It is the administrative headquarters of Kasaragod district as well as of Kasaragod Taluk. Landmarks of note includes the famous Madhur Temple, Mallikkarjuna Temple, Theruvatthu Mosque, Chandragiri Fort, Malik Deenar Mosque and the Central Plantation Crops Research Institute.The Bekal Fort is also a major tourist attraction near Kasargod.
The ship building industry of Thalangara was well known in India. In the past years a number of ships were built here and sold in various states of India and exported to foreign countries. The Kasaragod economy is mainly agrarian; cash crops such as coconut, rubber are grown and commercially exploited. Other industries include tile manufacture, timber industry etc. Foreign investment or N.R.I Income is high in this part of the state.
Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI) was established in 1970 as one of the agricultural research institutes in the National Agricultural Research System (NARS) under the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR). The Coconut Research Station at Kasaragod in Kerala was initially established in 1916 by the then Government of Madras and subsequently it was taken over by the Indian Central Coconut Committee in 1948. (http://www.cpcri.gov.in/)

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Kattappana
Kattappana (Malayalam: കട്ടപ്പന),a town nestling on the lap of the Sahyadri (or Western Ghats) in Kerala, India is known as the spices capital of Kerala. It is the main commercial town in the high ranges of Idukki District and is situated 2660 feet above main sea level, in the High Ranges, the high altitude region of Kerala, India. It is a center for spices trade, particularly for cardamom and black pepper. The town is notable for the mountains, lakes, forests, wildlife and spices plantations (cardamom, black pepper, coffee and tea). Kattappana has a cool and salubrious climate and attracts tourists visiting Idukki Dam or Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary at Thekkadi or Munnar hill station .
It also has some well known educational institutions and hospitals.
Other towns and cities nearby are Kanchiyar, Ayyappankoil, Nedumkandam, Idukki, Kuttikkanam, Mundakayam, Thodupuzha, Elappara, Kumily and Theni (Tamil Nadu).
Based on the 2001 Census, Kattappana had 9000 households, with a total population of 39608, consisting of 19856 males and 19752 females.
Administration of the town is vested in the Grama Panchayath.

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Kerala
Kerala or Keralam /ˈkɛrələ/ is an Indian state located on the Malabar coast of south-west India. It was formed on 1 November 1956 by the States Reorganisation Act by combining various Malayalam speaking regions.
The state has an area of 38,863 km² (15,005 sq mi) and is bordered by Karnataka to the north and northeast, Tamil Nadu to the east and south, and the Arabian Sea on the west. Thiruvananthapuram is the state capital. Kochi and Kozhikode are other major cities. According to a survey by The Economic Times, five out of ten best cities to live in India are located in Kerala.
Kerala has the highest Human Development Index in India, higher than that of most developed countries The state has the highest literacy rate in India with 93.91 percent. It hopes to be the first e-literate state in India through the state run Akshaya project. The state recently became and is currently the only one to have banking facilities in every village. A survey conducted in 2005 by Transparency International ranked Kerala as the least corrupt state in the country. Kerala is also ranked as India's cleanest state. Kerala has witnessed significant migration of its people, especially to the Persian Gulf countries during the Kerala Gulf boom and is heavily dependent on remittances from its large Malayali expatriate community.

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Kochi
Kochi (Malayalam: കൊച്ചി, Kocci ^?[koˈtʃːi] ( listen)), formerly Cochin, is a major port city on the west coast of India by the Arabian Sea. Kochi is part of the district of Ernakulam in the state of Kerala.
Kochi is often called by the name Ernakulam, which refers to the eastern part of the mainland Kochi. The civic body that governs the city is the Corporation of Cochin, which was constituted in the year 1967, and the statutory bodies that oversee its development are the Greater Cochin Development Authority and the Goshree Islands Development Authority.
The city of Kochi (pop. 601,574) is Kerala's largest city and is part of an extended metropolitan region (pop. 2.1 million), which is the largest urban agglomeration in Kerala. It is the most densely populated city in the state. Kochi city is also a part of Greater Cochin region and is classified as a B-1 grade city by the Government of India, making it the highest graded city in the state. Kochi ranks first in the total number of international and domestic tourists in Kerala. Kochi has been ranked the sixth best tourist destination in India according to a survey conducted by the Nielsen Company on behalf of the Outlook Traveller magazine.

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Kollam
Kollam, often anglicized as Quilon, is a city in the Indian state of Kerala. The city lies on the banks of Ashtamudi Lake on the Arabian sea coast and is situated about 71 kilometres (44 mi) north of the state capital, Thiruvananthapuram. It is the headquarters of Kollam district and a prominent trade and commercial city.
Kollam is the fourth-largest city in Kerala, after Thiruvananthapuram, Ernakulam, Kozhikode, {The new population is taken as city agglomeration} in Kerala on the basis of population and the fifth-largest city on the basis of area. It is known for cashew processing and coir manufacturing. It is considered to be the southern gateway to the backwaters of Kerala and is a prominent tourist destination. The Kollam urban area comprises the fast developing suburban towns such as Kottiyam in the south, Kundara in the east, and Chavara in the north of the city. Other important towns in the city suburbs are Paravur, Eravipuram, Kannanalore, and Anchalumoodu. Karunagapally, Chathannoor, and Kottarakkara are major towns within a distance of 25 km from Kollam city centre towards north, south, and east respectively.

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Kollam District
Kollam district (formerly Quilon) is one of 14 districts of the state of Kerala, India. The district has a cross-section of Kerala's natural attributes; it is endowed with a long coastline, a major Arabian Sea seaport and an inland lake (Ashtamudi Lake). Kollam is the capital of Kerala's cashew industry. Plains, mountains, lakes, lagoons and backwaters, forests, farmland and rivers make up the topography of the district. The area had trading relationships with Phoenicia and Ancient Rome. About 30 percent of the district is covered by Ashtamudi Lake, making it a gateway to the Kerala backwaters. The Thevalakara and Thekkumbagam panchyaths established the ancient korekini ("sea pointed inland") port of Tarsish in 1500 BC. Kollam is also known as The God's Own Capital.
Kollam district is located on the southwest coast of India, bordering Arabian Sea in the west, the state of Tamil Nadu in the east, Kerala district of Alappuzha in the north, Pathanamthitta in the northeast and Thiruvananthapuram in the south. It covers 2,492 square kilometres (962 sq mi), is the seventh-largest district in Kerala and is densely populated. Sasthamkotta Lake, the only freshwater lake in Kerala, is located in Kollam; this lake provides drinking water to the city of Kollam. Two major rivers (the Kallada and the Ithikkara) drain the district. Ashtamudi Lake and Paravur Kayal are two important lakes in the district. Ashtamudi Lake covers 30 percent of total area of the district. Kollam is located on Ashtamudi Lake. Neendakara, a major fishing port in southern Kerala, is also located on this scenic lake. Edava and Nadayara Lakes are also partly located in Kollam district.

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Kollam district
Kollam district (formerly Quilon) is one of 14 districts of the state of Kerala, India. The district has a cross-section of Kerala's natural attributes; it is endowed with a long coastline, a major Arabian Sea seaport and an inland lake (Ashtamudi Lake). Kollam is the capital of Kerala's cashew industry. Plains, mountains, lakes, lagoons and backwaters, forests, farmland and rivers make up the topography of the district. The area had trading relationships with Phoenicia and Ancient Rome. About 30 percent of the district is covered by Ashtamudi Lake, making it a gateway to the Kerala backwaters. The Thevalakara and Thekkumbagam panchyaths established the ancient korekini ("sea pointed inland") port of Tarsish in 1500 BC. Kollam is also known as The God's Own Capital.
Kollam district is located on the southwest coast of India, bordering Arabian Sea in the west, the state of Tamil Nadu in the east, Kerala district of Alappuzha in the north, Pathanamthitta in the northeast and Thiruvananthapuram in the south. It covers 2,492 square kilometres (962 sq mi), is the seventh-largest district in Kerala and is densely populated. Sasthamkotta Lake, the only freshwater lake in Kerala, is located in Kollam; this lake provides drinking water to the city of Kollam. Two major rivers (the Kallada and the Ithikkara) drain the district. Ashtamudi Lake and Paravur Kayal are two important lakes in the district. Ashtamudi Lake covers 30 percent of total area of the district. Kollam is located on Ashtamudi Lake. Neendakara, a major fishing port in southern Kerala, is also located on this scenic lake. Edava and Nadayara Lakes are also partly located in Kollam district.

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Konni, Kerala
Konni is a hilly town in the Pathanamthitta district, Kerala, India. Konni is known for its elephant cages, forests, and rubber plantations.
Konni is an important town on the Muvattupuzha-Punalur route. It is about 11 km from the district headquarters. It is an important center for cash crops like rubber, pepper, coffee and ginger which form the backbone of the agricultural economy of the state.^{[citation needed]} Konni assembly constituency is part of Pathanamthitta (Lok Sabha constituency).
The lush green land has been prominent as a haven of wild elephants and as an elephant training centre. The large area of thick forest with wild animals has now made Konni emerge as another tourist spot for safaris and trekking.^{[citation needed]} Konni is also known for its elephant rides. Konni is the gateway to the forest bordering the district. In the past, wild elephants caught from the forests were brought here and put in wooden cages known as 'Aanakoodu' (Elephant Cage) to be tamed and trained for work. In Kerala there are two elephant training centers, the other located at Kodanad.

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Kottarakkara
Kottarakkara (Malayalam:കൊട്ടാരക്കര, IAST: Koṭṭārakkara), also transliterated as Kottarakara, is a town and taluk in Kollam District (formerly known as Quilon), in Kerala state, India. The town is close to the Kollam port which has a rich history linked to the early medieval period as well as a reputation for being an important commercial, industrial and trading center. It lies 27 kilometres (17 mi) to the east of Kollam city center and 18 kilometres (11 mi) to the west of Punalur city on National Highway 208/220.
Kottarakkara, also known in the ancient days of the kings as the Elayadathu Swarupam, was a principality ruled by a branch of the Travancore Royal Family. Its fame is also due to Kathakali, the famous dance drama which originated initially as Ramanattam created in the 17th century by Prince Kottarakkara Tampuran and later patronized by the Raja of Kottarakkara in early 19th century absorbing other dance forms of Krishnattam with further innovations. Other historical places of interest include the Ganapathi Temple and the over 700 year old Mar Thomas Church.

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Kottayam

Kottayam (Malayalam: കോട്ടയം) is a city in the Indian state of Kerala, spread over an area of 55.40 km² and is the administrative capital of Kottayam district. Kottayam is located in south-central Kerala and has a population of 172,878 according to the 2001 census. . The city is approximately 150 km (93.2 mi) from the state capital, Thiruvananthapuram.
The city is an important trading center of spices and commercial crops, especially rubber. Major Kerala print media such as Malayala Manorama, Deepika and Mangalam are headquartered in the town. Also a pioneering center of modern education in Kerala, the city became India's first city to achieve 100% literacy in 1989 and the district became the first tobacco free district in India on September 28, 2008. The city of Kottayam is also known as Akshara Nagari (അക്ഷര നഗരി) (City of Alphabets) in honor of its contributions to print media and literature.
Kottayam district has acquired it's name from Kottayam town which is the headquarters of the district. It is believed that the name Kottaya is derived from the combination of Malayalam words kott (fort) and akam (inside), and could be translated as "the interior of the fort".

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Koyilandi
Koyilandy (or Quilandy/Quilandi) is a city and a municipality in Kozhikode district in North Malabar region of the Indian state of Kerala. This town is between Calicut and Vatakara(Badagara) and is on NH 17. It is sometimes identified with Tyndis in Periplus of the Erythraean Sea. The freedom fighter K. Kelappan was born in a near-by village, Muchukunnu.^{[citation needed]}
Koyilandy is located at 11°26′N 75°42′E / 11.43°N 75.70°E / 11.43; 75.70. It has an average elevation of 2 m (6.6 ft).
As of 2001^[update] India census, Quilandy had a population of 68,970. Males constitute 48% of the population and females 52%. Quilandy has an average literacy rate of 83%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 86%, and female literacy is 80%. In Quilandy, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Koyilandy hookahs, traditional smoking pipes, of Calicut made in Koyilandy were famous across North India, Gulf and Pakistan. Prepared by Moosari, a coppersmith community, these Hookahs were once considered a pride of Koyilandy. However it is not so any more. But in Gulf countries, Koyilandy hookahs are still very popular as "Malabar Hookah".

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Koyilandy
Koyilandy (or Quilandy/Quilandi) is a city and a municipality in Kozhikode district in North Malabar region of the Indian state of Kerala. This town is between Calicut and Vatakara(Badagara) and is on NH 17. It is sometimes identified with Tyndis in Periplus of the Erythraean Sea. The freedom fighter K. Kelappan was born in a near-by village, Muchukunnu.^{[citation needed]}
Koyilandy is located at 11°26′N 75°42′E / 11.43°N 75.70°E / 11.43; 75.70. It has an average elevation of 2 m (6.6 ft).
As of 2001^[update] India census, Quilandy had a population of 68,970. Males constitute 48% of the population and females 52%. Quilandy has an average literacy rate of 83%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 86%, and female literacy is 80%. In Quilandy, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Koyilandy hookahs, traditional smoking pipes, of Calicut made in Koyilandy were famous across North India, Gulf and Pakistan. Prepared by Moosari, a coppersmith community, these Hookahs were once considered a pride of Koyilandy. However it is not so any more. But in Gulf countries, Koyilandy hookahs are still very popular as "Malabar Hookah".

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Kozhencherry
Kozhencherry is a census town in Pathanamthitta district of Central Travancore region (South Central Kerala) in Kerala state, South India. It is on the banks of river Pampa. It is a commercial centre with many of the Banks and trade companies have their establishments here. It is believed that once the Kovilans of Thekencore kingdom's ruled this area. Kozhencherry used to be a part of the erstwhile Travancore kingdom.
The district headquarters Pathanamthitta municipality is in the Kozhencherry Taluk. The other taluks are Tiruvalla, Mallapally, Ranni, and Adoor.
North, River Pampa; South, Thekkemala; East, Cherukole and West, Maramon.
Till the 19th century there were no proper roads in this area. The form of transportation was by boats. So the main market of Kozhencherry is near the river.
Now there are proper roads leading to all the small villages nearby. The T.K. Road (Tiruvalla-Pathanamthitta-Kumbazha Road/SH - 07) and M.K. Road (Mavelikkara-Kozhencherry Road) connects the town to other major towns. A bridge connecting Kozhencherry and Maramon was opened in 1948.

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Kozhikode
Kozhikode (Malayalam: കോഴിക്കോട് [koːɻikːoːɖ] ( listen), also known as Calicut, is a city in the state of Kerala in southern India on the Malabar Coast. Kozhikode is the third largest city in Kerala and is part of the second largest urban agglomeration in Kerala with a metropolitan population of 2,030,519 as per 2011 census.It is the headquarters of the Kozhikode district.
During classical antiquity and the middle ages, Kozhikode was dubbed the "City of Spices" for its role as the major trading point of eastern spices. It was the capital of an independent kingdom of the same name ruled by the Samoothiris (Zamorins) in middle ages and later of the erstwhile Malabar district under British rule. Muslim Arab merchants traded with Kozhikode as early as 7th century, and Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama landed at Kozhikode on May 20, 1498. A Portuguese factory and fort was intact in Kozhikode for short period (1511–1525, until the Fall of Calicut), the English landed in 1615 (constructed a trading post in 1665), followed by the French (1698) and the Dutch (1752). In 1765, Mysore captured Kozhikode as part of his occupation.

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Kozhikode district
Kozhikode District (Malayalam: കോഴിക്കോട് ജില്ല), formerly Calicut, is a district of Kerala state, situated on the southwest coast of India. The city of Kozhikode, also known as Calicut, is the district headquarters. The district is 38.25% urbanised. [2]
Kozhikode district is bordered by the districts of Kannur to the north, Wayanad to the east, and Malappuram to the south.The Arabian Sea lies to the west. It is situated between latitudes 11° 08'N and 11° 50'N and longitudes 75° 30'E and 76° 8'E.
The district is divided into three taluks; Vadakara, Koyilandy, and Kozhikode and One Revenue Division ,Kozhikode.
Present-day Kozhikode District was among the territories ceded to the British East India Company by Tipu Sultan of Mysore in 1792, at the conclusion of the Third Anglo-Mysore War. The newly-acquired British possessions on the Malabar Coast were organized into Malabar District, which included present-day districts of Kannur, Kozhikode, Malappuram, Palakkad, and Wayanad. Calicut served as the administrative headquarters of the district. Malabar District was part of the Madras Presidency, a province of British India.

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Kulathupuzha
Kulathupuzha is a village in the Kollam district of Kerala state, India. This town is situated on the Thiruvananthapuram - Shenkottai road. Kulathupuzha is 62 km away from Thiruvananthapuram and 64 km away from Kollam.
Kulathupuzha is the birthplace of the Malayalam music legend Raveendran
Kulathupuzha is well known for the Sastha temple.The presiding deity at the Kulathupuzha Temple is known as Bala Sastha who is Lord Hariharaputra. The Vishu Mahotsavam in April is the most important festival of this temple.
Kulathupuzha forms a part of the southern most reserve forests of the State, falling in the SOI sheet No. 58 H/1. Kulathupuzha reserve covers an area under 1000 km². Its forest constitutes predominantly of tropical wet - and semi - evergreens and moist deciduous types. Apart from settlements some parts are occupied by Forest departmental plantations mainly of teak, eucalyptus and acacia. The plantations are grown by planting saplings on cleared natural forests. Plantations are raised to sustain and supplement the timber needs of a few industries in the State. popularly known as the rakoodu estate (Rock Wood estate) is near kulathupuzha. Senthurini Wilde Life Sanctuary is near Kulathupuzha.

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Kumbanad
Kumbanad is a place in koipuram panchyath Pathanamthitta district of Kerala state, in India. It is a part of Thiruvalla Taluk. It is situated on the Sabarimala pilgrimage route on the Thiruvalla - Kumbazha road (TK road / Sh-07). Kumbanad is one of the wealthiest settlement in India. It has also the highest number of Christian houses of worship in India, estimated to be around fifty, for the area of its size.
Kumbanad is derived from two words in malayalam Kumbhi and Nadu, which together means the 'Land of elephants'. It is believed that many wild animals and elephants roamed about this place a hundred years back.
It is believed that several centuries before, Kumbanad was a prosperous village occupied by upper caste Hindus. The many fresh water tanks found in and around Kumbanad are attributed to that period. The community perished possibly by invading tribesmen and the land turned into a forest inhabited by wild animals and elephants.
Remittance from NRIs is the primary source of income. The high amount of remittance makes Kumbanad the wealthiest region in the country. High number of ATMs and high bank density are also attributed to the large bank deposits. As of 2009, the deposits in banks for Kumband and around are estimated to be 5,400 Crore.

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Kumily
Kumily (Malayalam:കുമിളി) is a town in the Cardamom Hills near Thekkady and the Periyar Tiger Reserve, in the Idukki District of Kerala State in South India. It is a major tourist destination and a spices trading center.
With nearby Periyar Tiger Reserve and Thekkady lake, Kumily also has attracted tourist traffic.
Kumily is a busy town throughout the year. May it be Sabarimala devotees (Oct to Jan) or Tourists (Feb to Sep) or Workers from the districts (any time) Kumily welcomes & attracts everyone with its charm and warmth.
The nearest Airport is Madurai (125 km) and Railway Station is Madurai to Theni(under BG conversion) . The famous pilgrim Centre Sabarimala is 150 km from Kumily (by NH proper route).

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Kuravilangad
Kuravilangad (in Malayalam : കുറവിലങ്ങാട്) is a town located in the Kottayam district of Kerala, India. The town is situated in the Meenachil Taluk, about 22 km north of Kottayam, and is located near the town of Ettumanoor and places like Kozha, Kalathoor, Kalikave,Kurichithanam,mannakkanadu, Vempally, Marangattupally, Kurianad, Monippally, Vakkadu Elackad and Kanjirathanam. Kalathoor is located within 6 km from Kuravilangad.
The church at Kuravilangad was constructed in the third century, just one hundred years before Constantine declared Christianity as the official religion in the Roman Empire.
The land is blessed by the esteemed presence of St. Mary’s Forane Church, which was built in 105 AD. It is believed, Mother Mary's first appearance in the world, was in Kuravilangad.^{[citation needed]} Our Lady appeared to a few children at Kuravilangad, who were tending their flock in the bushes. Our Lady asked them to build a church at the place from where a miraculous perpetual spring sprouted, a spring which exists even today. The children reported the events to the elders and a church was built there. The church is noted for its old bell, which contains inscriptions in Syriac (Aramaic). These inscriptions read Emma D'Allaha which translates as 'Mother of God'. Another significant artifact is a model of a ship made from wood.^{[citation needed]}

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Madurai
Madurai is the third largest city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu with a population of over 1 million (according to the 2001 census). Located on the banks of River Vaigai, Madurai has been a major settlement for two millennia. It is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. The city is the administrative headquarters of Madurai District. The capital of the Pandyan kingdom was initially Korkai, around 600 BCE, and was later moved to Koodal (now Madurai) during the reign of Nedunj Cheliyan I. Madurai is famous for its temples built by Pandyan and Madurai Nayak kings in the Dravidian style of architecture. It is also one of India's most prominent Hindu pilgrimage centres.
Madurai is also called as City of Junction (Koodal nagaram), City of Jasmine (Malligai maanagar), Temple city (Koil maanagar), City that never sleeps (Thoonga nagaram) and City of four junctions (Naanmada koodal).
Madurai's recorded history goes back to the 3rd century BC and the city is mentioned by Megasthenes, the Greek ambassador to India and Kautilya, the minister of the Mauryan Emperor Chandragupta Maurya. The city was the principal administrative and cultural centre of the Pandyan dynasty which ruled over the southern parts of Tamil Nadu and Kerala till the first half of the 14th century AD. In about 1311, the Pandyan dynasty was overthrown by the Delhi Sultanate which established the province of Ma'bar which later became independent as the Ma'bar Sultanate. When the Ma'bar Sultanate began to decline in the latter years of the 14th century, Madurai was absorbed into the Vijayanagar Empire. The viceroys of the Vijayanagar Empire established the Madurai Nayak kingdom and ruled as independent kings from 1559 to 1736. After a brief period of occupation by Chanda Sahib and the Carnatic kingdom, Madurai was annexed by the British East India Company in 1801.

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Mallapally
Malapally or Mallappally ( മല്ലപ്പള്ളി ) is a taluk in Pathanamthitta district of Kerala state, India.
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The Mallappally taluk holds one of the oldest Stone temples in India located in Kaviyoor. Mallappally Convention was started in 1912, an ancient gathering of the Malakara Christian Community, mainly communities of Mar Thoma and CSI. Shiva Rathri, a major Hindu festival is also held here. VBS (Vacation Bible School) was first introduced at Mallappally, Kerala during 1953-56 by the CSI Missionaries. Rev.George Matthan Mission Hospital (named after the well-known Malayalam writer and priest George Mathan) serves as a medical hub in the society with no other standard medical institutions within a radius of 16 km. The nearest railway station is Thiruvalla Railway Station is 12 km and Chenganaserry is 15 km.
The Pathicadu Church

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Mallappally
Malapally or Mallappally ( മല്ലപ്പള്ളി ) is a taluk in Pathanamthitta district of Kerala state, India.
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The Mallappally taluk holds one of the oldest Stone temples in India located in Kaviyoor. Mallappally Convention was started in 1912, an ancient gathering of the Malakara Christian Community, mainly communities of Mar Thoma and CSI. Shiva Rathri, a major Hindu festival is also held here. VBS (Vacation Bible School) was first introduced at Mallappally, Kerala during 1953-56 by the CSI Missionaries. Rev.George Matthan Mission Hospital (named after the well-known Malayalam writer and priest George Mathan) serves as a medical hub in the society with no other standard medical institutions within a radius of 16 km. The nearest railway station is Thiruvalla Railway Station is 12 km and Chenganaserry is 15 km.
The Pathicadu Church

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Mundakayam
Mundakayam (Malayalam: മുണ്ടക്കയം) is a small town in Kottayam District of Kerala state, South India. It is the gateway to the high ranges of Kerala, and is at the border of Kottayam and Idukki districts. It is here that the high ranges of south Kerala start. It is one of the most developed towns in Kerala, with rubber plantations, and greenery. The river Manimala runs through Mundakayam. Nearby locations include Panchalimedu, Kuttikkanam, 15 km drive from Mundakayam town and is around 3500 feet above sea level, Peermade and Thekkady.
Mundakayam is exactly 55 km from Kottayam to the East and 56 km from Kumily to the West. The NH 220 (Kollam - Theni National Highway) passes through Mundakayam.Mundakayam is a land of coffee, pepper, cocoa and natural rubber. The rubber plantations in India had originated from Mundakayam, which was introduced by Mr. J.J.Murphy around 1910. An All India Agricultural & Industrial Exhibition was held here in 1967 which was inaugurated by Hindi film maestro Sunil Dutt. Malayala Manorama Daily once listed Mundakayam as the place with the highest cost of living in India. It is still included in the list of places whose consumer price indices are published by the Indian government Union Labour Ministry at regular intervals.

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Muvattupuzha

Muvattupuzha (Malayalam: മുവാറ്റുപുഴ) is a municipality in Ernakulam district in the Indian state of Kerala. It is a junction of three districts namely Ernakulam, Kottayam and Idukki. The town is bordered by Kottayam district on southern side and Idukki district on eastern side approximately 20 km from the town. Muvattupuzha is situated 42 km northeast of Kochi city on NH 49 (Cochin-Madurai-Rameshwaram national highway) and lies on the popular Cochin-Munnar hill station tourist route.
Muvattupuzha was part of the Vadakkumkoor Kingdom until it was captured by the Travancore Kingdom, now merged into the state of Kerala. Old documents show that the lands of Muvattupuzha belonged to ‘Edappally Swaroopam’, but were later transferred to ‘Manas’ (Brahmin Families).
According to tradition, St. Thomas, the Apostle of Jesus Christ who introduced Christianity to India is believed to have visited this region. The St. Mary's Church of Arakuzha has a recorded history of over 1000 years, making it one of the oldest churches in Kerala. It is known for its paintings and sculptures. Muvattupuzha was also known as " Arakuzha Pakuthi"(half of arakuzha)

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Nileshwaram
Nileshwaram (Malayalam: നീലേശ്വരം), also known as Nileshwar, is a municipality and a town in Kasaragod District of Kerala state, South India. It is one of the three municipalities of Kasaragod district, the other two being Kasaragod and Kanhangad. Nileshwar is the third major town in kasargod district. Nileshwaram lies between two rivers, Nileshwaram and Karyangodu. To the west is the Arabian Sea.
The name "Nileshwaram" comes from one of the names of Lord Shiva, Neelakanteshwaran ("Blue-necked One"), or from Neelakandeswaran, denoting land of Lord Siva. There is another story that the place was named so after Sage Neela, who installed the deity of Lord Siva thousands of years ago.

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North Malabar
North Malabar (Malayalam: ഉത്തര മലബാര്‍/വടക്കേ മലബാര്‍), is a historic as well as geographic distinction in India used to refer the area covering; present Kasaragod and Kannur Districts, Mananthavady taluk of Wayanad District and Koyilandy & Vatakara taluks of Kozhikode District in modern Kerala and the entire Mahé Sub-Division of Union Territory of Pondicherry.
Majority of North Malabar (except Mahé) remained as one of the two administrative divisions of Malabar District (an administrative district of British India under Madras Presidency) till 1947 and later part of India's Madras State till 1956. Mahé remained under French jurisdiction until 13 June 1954. On November 1, 1956, the state of Kerala was formed by the States Reorganisation Act merging the Malabar District, Travancore-Cochin [excluding four southern taluks, which were merged with Tamil Nadu], and the of Kasaragod taluk of South Kanara District.
The area of North Malabar begins at Korapuzha in the south and ends at Manjeshwaram in the north of Kerala and traditionally comprises erstwhile princely principalities and fiefdoms of Kolathu Nadu, Kadatha Nadu and southern parts of Tulu Nadu.

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Paravur Taluk
Paravur Taluk is a taluk of Ernakulam District of the Indian State of Kerala. North Paravur is the capital of the taluk. Paravur Taluk lies in the north western part of Ernakulam district bordering Thrissur district. The surrounding taluks are Kochi to the west consisting of Vypin Island, Kodungallore to the north, Aluva to the east consisting of Angamaly,Nedumbassery and Aluva, Kanayanur to the south consisting of Cochin City. Paravur is a part of Kochi urban agglomeration area. The western parts of taluk are coastal areas with cultivations like prawn and pokkali rice. The eastern parts are fertile lands. The heavy industries of Kochi is located in Udyogmandal area of the taluk.
The Block Panchayats are Paravur and Alengad.
Paravur constituency consists of
Kalamassery constituency consists of
Paravur, Kalamassery constituencies belong to Ernakulam Parliamentary constituency.
These are the towns other than panchayat headquarters.

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Parumala
Parumala is a small village and island on the Pampa River in Pathanamthitta district in Kerala, India.
Parumala is renowned for the presence of the Tomb of St. Gregorios (Parumala Thirumeni), the Greatest Saint of India belonging to the Indian Orthodox Church(Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church) and Syriac Orthodox Church, so it is a pilgrimage site. The annual feast Ormapperunnal is held at the Parumala Church annually on the first and second of November.

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Peermade
Peermade(പീരുമേട്), also transliterated as Perumade, Peerumed, Peerumade or Peermede, is a hill station in the state of Kerala, India. It is high in the Western Ghats, 915 metres above sea level, and 85 km east of Kottayam on the way to Thekkady.
The landscape of Peermade includes spectacular waterfalls, open grass lands and pine forests. It was once the summer retreat of the Maharajas of Travancore. Tamil people are the most majority in peermade .
Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary, one of the largest wildlife reserves in India, is 43 km away. It has herds of elephants and other wildlife as well as lakes.
The name is sometimes related to the Sufi saint, Peer Mohammed, or means "hill of the Peer"(പീരുമേട്).
The area is very fertile and the area had until recently lush plantations of coffee, tea, cardamon, and coconut. The area, with a long history of spice growing, now concentrates on producing organic black pepper, white pepper, ginger and turmeric.
At a recent show spice growers from Peermade displayed samples of organically grown spices like cardamom, black pepper, white pepper, nutmeg, mace, cloves, turmeric, ginger, vanilla beans, vanilla powder and herbs like oregano, sage, thyme and rosemary. Oils of thyme and rosemary were also displayed.

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Ponkunnam
Ponkunnam is a town in the eastern high-ranges of Kerala, India, part of Kottayam district. Nearby towns are Kanjirappally, Manimala and Pala. This part of Kerala is famous for its fertile lands and rubber plantations. It is at an altitude of 495 Metres above MSL sea level.
Ponkunnam is a part of Kanjirapally constituency in legislative assembly [earlier it was part of Vazhoor constituency]and Dr. N. Jayaraj is the MLA.It is a part of Chirakkadavu grama panchayath. NH 220 (Kollam-Kottarakkara-Kottayam-Theni), the former K.K road (Kottayam-Kumily road), passes through the town. Kottayam is around 34 km. K.K road is an easy way to Madurai in Tamilnadu. The Main Eastern Highway (Punalur-Pathanamthitta-Muvattupuzha Road / SH - No2 ) meets NH 220 at Ponkunnam. Ponkunnam is well connected to almost all the places of Kerala by road. Thekkady is 83 km far from here.
Ponkunnam has all communities (Christians, Hindus, Muslims) mostly agriculturist. Famous novelist and short story writer Ponkunnam Varkey lived here. Ponkunnam Damodaran the famous Poet was born here. K.P.A.C Ravi , actor cum Singer, belongs to Ponkunnam. Malayalam Film actor Babu Antony and his brother Thampi Antony hail from Ponkunnam.

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Poonjar
Poonjar is a small town in the Kottayam district of Kerala state, India. Before the independence of India, Poonjar had been the capital of the Poonjar Koyikkal Swaroopam or Edavaka.
Poonjar dynasty has an origin from the Pandyan Kings of the Sangam Age. The founder of the Poonjar dynasty was Manavikrama Kulashekhara Perumal, and his mother was a Chera princess. In 1152 AD, they shifted from Madurai after incessant civil wars in Tamil Country. The Raja carried one of the three idols of Meenakshi, their "Kula Devatha", and it was established in the Meenakshi temple on the banks of the Meenachil River.Manavikraman Raja procured the land from the Thekkancoor Rajas, which is now part of Kottayam, Pathanamthitta and Idukki districts. Erattupetta became the commercial center of the Poonjar kingdom.
The ancient palace and temples dedicated to Sree Dharma Shastha and Meenakshi are located on the banks of the Meenachil River. Raghubir Singh, the famed National Geographic photographer, has published photographs of this temple, nestled in the foothills of the high ranges of Kerala, in National Geographic. The S.M.V. High School, dedicated to the memory of the eldest nephew (Sri Moolam Tirunal) of Maharaja Shri Chitra Tirunal, was the only school in the district for decades and luminaries of all political and religious hues who have played formative roles in modern Kerala have passed through its gates. The school, as well as five temples, are currently managed by a family trust. Colonel Goda Varma Raja, the consort of the Maharani of erstwhile Travancore, Karthika Tirunal, and brother-in-law of Maharaja Sri Chitra Tirunal, was a member of this family. His elder brother was P. R. Rama Varma Raja, who, after a difference of opinion with C. P. Ramaswami Iyer, left Travancore in the late 1930s, and purchased 36,000 acres (150 km²) of land in Alakode,Taliparamba taluk of Kannur district. He was often referred to as the Alakode Raja.

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Ranni
Ranni, sometimes spelled Ranny, is one of the 5 Taluks in the Pathanamthitta district of Kerala, in India. According to the Census of India 2001, the population was 207,782. The taluk headquarters is a small township on both sides of the Pamba River. Ranni is also one of the largest taluks in Kerala. The renowned Hindu temple of Sabarimala is in this taluk, situated approximately 66 km from the main town, Ittiappara. Ranni is known for its natural beauty, forests, hills, river and good climate.
Ranni is derived from similar word in malayalam which means "Queen" or "Rani". Ranni is known as "The Queen of the Eastern Hill Lands".
The history of Ranni can be traced 5000 years back to the early settlement activity of Adi Dravidans around Sabarimala and Nilackal. The temple at Sabarimala is thought to be the oldest existing temple in India, dating to around 4000 years. A church at Nilackal is believed to be one of the seven churches founded by St. Thomas in AD 54.
In the 18th century, Knanaya Christians migrated to Ranni and later established the church, St. Thomas Church of Ranni. Large number of Mar Thomites also migrated from surrounding areas. In the early 19th century, Dr. Claudius Buchanan visited Ranni and was presented an old hand written Syriac Bible, from Ranni St. Thomas church.

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Sabarimala
Sabarimala is a Hindu pilgrimage center located in the Western Ghat mountain ranges of Pathanamthitta District in Kerala. It is the largest annual pilgrimage in world with an estimated 45–50 million devotees visiting every year. Sabarimala is believed to be the place where the Hindu God Ayyappan meditated after killing the powerful demoness, Mahishi. Ayyappan's temple is situated here amidst 18 hills. The temple is situated on a hilltop at an altitude of 468 m (1535 ft) above mean sea level, and is surrounded by mountains and dense forests. Temples exist in each of the hills surrounding Sabarimala. While functional and intact temples exist at many places in the surrounding areas like Nilackal, Kalaketi, and Karimala, remnants of old temples survive to this day on remaining hills.
Sabarimala is linked to Hindu pilgrimage, predominantly for men of all ages. Women between the ages of 10 and 50 are not allowed to enter the temple, since the story attributed to Ayyappa prohibits the entry of the women in the menstrual age group. This is because Ayyappan is a Bramachari (Celibate). The temple is open for worship only during the days of Mandalapooja (approximately November 15 to December 26), Makaravilakku (January 14- "Makara Sankranti") and Vishu (April 14), and the first six days of each Malayalam month.

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Taliparamba
Taliparamba (also known as Perimchellur) is a city and a municipality in Kannur district in the Indian state of Kerala and spread over an area of 43.05 km². It stretches from the coastal area of Ramanthali to Nuchiyad and Vayathur villages, touching the Karnataka border.
Taliparamba is a big town of 67,000 people crowded into a small area of 43 square kilometers. But the undulating hills that surround this little town make it exceptionally beautiful. The surrounding villages of Pattuvam, Kuttikkol, Velipara and Karimbam are filled with lush green fields and little rolling hills. The rivers of Kuppam and Valapattanam surround the towns from all sides and the Arabian sea is only 14 kilometres to the western side. The hanging bridge at Kuttiyeri and the beautiful riverside temple at Parassinikkadavu attaract a large number of toruists. The Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kannur and the Pepper Research Station under Kerala Agricultural University at Panniyur, Kannur University, Pariyaram Medical College and Sir Syed College Velipara are a few famous institutions in and around Taliparamba. The origin of Taliparamba is from the Perinchalloor brahminical settlement. Of the original 2,000 Brahmin families, only 45 remain now. The old name of Taliparamba was 'Lakshmipura' as this place was considered as an abode of prosperity. The 'Sree Raja Rajeswara Temple' and the 'Trichambaram temple' are renowned places of worship. Today Muslims and Christians also form a sizeable portion of the population.

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Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu /ˈtæmɨl ˈnɑːduː/ (Tamiḻ Nāṭu [t̪amɨɭ naːɖɯ] ( listen)) is one of the 28 states of India. Its capital is Chennai, the largest city. Tamil Nadu lies in the southernmost part of the Indian Peninsula and is bordered by the union territory of Pondicherry, and the states of Kerala, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh. It is bound by the Eastern Ghats in the north, the Nilgiri, the Anamalai Hills, and Palakkad on the west, by the Bay of Bengal in the east, the Gulf of Mannar, the Palk Strait in the south east, and by the Indian Ocean in the south.
Tamil Nadu is the eleventh largest state in India by area and the seventh most populous state. It is the fourth largest contributor (as of 2010) to India's GDP and ranks tenth in Human Development Index as of 2006. Tamil Nadu is also the most urbanised state in India. The state has the highest number (10.56%) of business enterprises and stands second in total employment (9.97%) in India, compared to the population share of about 6%.
The region has been the home of the Tamil people since at least 500 BCE. Its official language Tamil has been in use in inscriptions and literature for over 2000 years. Tamil Nadu is home to many natural resources, Hindu temples of Dravidian architecture, hill stations, beach resorts, multi-religious pilgrimage sites and eight UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

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Tamilnadu
Tamil Nadu /ˈtæmɨl ˈnɑːduː/ (Tamiḻ Nāṭu [t̪amɨɭ naːɖɯ] ( listen)) is one of the 28 states of India. Its capital is Chennai, the largest city. Tamil Nadu lies in the southernmost part of the Indian Peninsula and is bordered by the union territory of Pondicherry, and the states of Kerala, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh. It is bound by the Eastern Ghats in the north, the Nilgiri, the Anamalai Hills, and Palakkad on the west, by the Bay of Bengal in the east, the Gulf of Mannar, the Palk Strait in the south east, and by the Indian Ocean in the south.
Tamil Nadu is the eleventh largest state in India by area and the seventh most populous state. It is the fourth largest contributor (as of 2010) to India's GDP and ranks tenth in Human Development Index as of 2006. Tamil Nadu is also the most urbanised state in India. The state has the highest number (10.56%) of business enterprises and stands second in total employment (9.97%) in India, compared to the population share of about 6%.
The region has been the home of the Tamil people since at least 500 BCE. Its official language Tamil has been in use in inscriptions and literature for over 2000 years. Tamil Nadu is home to many natural resources, Hindu temples of Dravidian architecture, hill stations, beach resorts, multi-religious pilgrimage sites and eight UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

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Tattamangalam
Tattamangalam is a part of Chittur-Tattamangalam municipality in Palakkad district of Kerala, in South India, spread over an area of 33.57 km². It was a part of the princely state of Cochin before India received independence from Britain. The majority of the inhabitants speak Malayalam, though others use Tamil as their main language.
The village is located about 15 km south of the Palakkad district headquarters. The Tattamangalam-Chittur municipality is situated in the banks of the river Sokanashini (commonly called Chittur Puzha).
Satellite Map
As of 2001^[update] India census, Thathamangalam had a population of 7167 with 3598 males and 3569 females.
In 917 A.D. the Kongu army consisting chiefly of cavalry invaded the territory of the Palghat Raja, but was driven back with great slaughter by Maharaja of Cochin, assisted by the Zamorin and the Rajas of Palghat and Walluvanad. For this service and to enable better protection, the Palghat Raja ceded to Cochin the territories known as Naludesam and Kodakaranad, which constitute the present Taluk of Chittur. Naludesam comprised the four adjoining “Desams”, Chittur, Nalleppilly, Tattamangalam, and Pattancherri.

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Thalassery
Thalassery (Malayalam: തലശ്ശേരി), also known as Tellicherry, is a city on the Malabar Coast of Kerala, India. This is the second largest city of North Malabar in terms of population. The name Tellicherry is the anglicized form of Thalassery. Thalassery municipality has a population just less than 100,000. Established in 1866, it is the second oldest municipality in the state. Possessing an area of 23.98 km², Thalassery is a town strategically located on the western coast of Kannur district on the Malabar Coast of Kerala. It is 22 km from the district headquarters at Kannur. The town is situated between 11°44’N latitude and 75°26’E longitude, at an altitude ranging between 2.5m above the mean sea-level in the low-lying areas, to 30m above the mean sea-level in the higher regions.
Thalassery is in Kannur district. The palm-fringed terrain of Thalassery has a scenic coastline and features four rivers, canals and hills with orange-hued rock. One of the four rivers is the Mahé River (Mayyazhi river). During the British Raj, the Mahé River was nicknamed the English Channel, because it separated British-ruled Thalassery from French-ruled Mahé. Muzhappilangad, a 5 km long Drive in beach, in fact it's the only Drive in beach in Asia, is located within 6 km of the city centre.

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Thalayolaparambu
Thalayolaparambu (Malayalam: തലയോലപ്പറമ്പു്) is a village town situated in Kottayam district of Kerala state, India. It belongs to the Vaikom legislative assembly and Kottayam parliament constituency, is one of the towns between Kottayam and Ernakulam.
This village is the home of famous personalities like the Chief minister A. J. John, Anaparambil, the writer Vaikom Muhammed Basheer, the Chief Justice of India K. G. Balakrishnan and the Convenor of Left Democratic Front -LDF- in Kerala Vaikom Viswan.
This village entittle the rare previlage of having an eventful history.
This small town hosts the biggest market (Malayalam: ചന്ത ) of the locality which was founded by Velu Thampi Dalawa. This market opens twice in a week on Tuesdays and Saturdays. It attracts producers, consumers and businessmen from the nearby panchayats including Vaikom, Keezhoor and Kaduthuruthy. In olden times the products from the Kottayam Division High Range were sent to Kochi- Alappuzha markets through this market. Previously economy of this region was mainly concentrated on this market's activities.

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Thiruvananthapuram
Thiruvananthapuram,^{[needs IPA]}known in English as Trivandrum /trɨˈvændrəm/, is the capital of the Indian state of Kerala and the headquarters of the Thiruvananthapuram District. It is located on the west coast of India near the extreme south of the mainland. Referred to by Mahatma Gandhi as the "Evergreen city of India", the city is characterized by its undulating terrain of low coastal hills and busy commercial alleys. With more than 750,000 inhabitants in the city proper, and a population around 1.68 million when including the wider urban agglomeration, Thiruvananthapuram is the largest and most populous city in Kerala. It is an IT hub of the state with over 80% of the state's software exports.
The city houses several central and state government offices and organizations. Apart from being the political nerve centre of Kerala, it is also a major academic hub and is home to several educational institutions including the University of Kerala, and to many science and technology institutions, the most prominent being the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), Technopark, the Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST), the Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management, Kerala,Indian Institute of Science, Education and Research (IISER), the Centre for Development Studies, the International Centre for Free and Open Source Software (ICFOSS), the Regional Research Laboratory, the Centre for Earth Science Studies, Rajeev Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology and the Sree Chithira Thirunal Institute for Medical Science and Technology. It is also considered as one of the 10 greenest cities in India. Thiruvananthapuram was ranked as the best city in Kerala to live in by a recent Times of India survey

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Thiruvanthapuram
Thiruvananthapuram,^{[needs IPA]}known in English as Trivandrum /trɨˈvændrəm/, is the capital of the Indian state of Kerala and the headquarters of the Thiruvananthapuram District. It is located on the west coast of India near the extreme south of the mainland. Referred to by Mahatma Gandhi as the "Evergreen city of India", the city is characterized by its undulating terrain of low coastal hills and busy commercial alleys. With more than 750,000 inhabitants in the city proper, and a population around 1.68 million when including the wider urban agglomeration, Thiruvananthapuram is the largest and most populous city in Kerala. It is an IT hub of the state with over 80% of the state's software exports.
The city houses several central and state government offices and organizations. Apart from being the political nerve centre of Kerala, it is also a major academic hub and is home to several educational institutions including the University of Kerala, and to many science and technology institutions, the most prominent being the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), Technopark, the Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST), the Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management, Kerala,Indian Institute of Science, Education and Research (IISER), the Centre for Development Studies, the International Centre for Free and Open Source Software (ICFOSS), the Regional Research Laboratory, the Centre for Earth Science Studies, Rajeev Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology and the Sree Chithira Thirunal Institute for Medical Science and Technology. It is also considered as one of the 10 greenest cities in India. Thiruvananthapuram was ranked as the best city in Kerala to live in by a recent Times of India survey

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Thodupuzha
Thodupuzha (Malayalam: തൊടുപുഴ) is a town and a municipality in Idukki district in the Indian state of Kerala, spread over an area of 35.43 km². It is 62 km from Ernakulam. Geographical Classification of Thodupuzha Region is Midland or Idanad.
Thodupuzha is also the name of the river that flows through the town. It is the largest town in the district and is the commercial centre. The town is being modernised with the help of a programme sponsored by the World Bank which is financing the programme through the Government of Kerala. It was once part of the territory of the princely state, Travancore. It lies in central Kerala, southeast of Muvattupuzha. The Thodupuzha municipality area is characterised by hilly terrain with a lot of green vegetation.
The Main Eastern Highway (Muvattupuzha - Pathanamthitta - Punalur Road / SH - 08) passes through Thodupuzha and connects it to two of its neighboring towns, Muvattupuzha and Pala.
Hindus, Syrian Christians and Muslims co-exist in harmony adding to the diversity in faith and religion. The place has a large population of Syrian Catholics. The Muslim minority are mostly rawthers who were the warriors of Madurai Raja and migrated from Madurai and Thanjavur in Tamil Nadu. As well as that, there are some converts from lower castes to Islam but these are only a few.

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Thrippunithura
Thrippunithura or Tripunithura (Malayalam: തൃപ്പൂണിത്തുറ) is a region in the city of Kochi in the state of Kerala, India and an integral part of the Kochi metropolitan area. In local administration it is a municipality. In the state administrative structure, Thrippunithura is part of the Ernakulam District in the state of Kerala.
Thrippunithura was the capital of the erstwhile Kingdom of Cochin. The descendants of the Cochin royal family still live here. The Hill Palace situated near Thripunithura was the palace of Maharaja of Cochin, the ruler of Kingdom of Cochin.
There are many stories that describe the origin of the word Thripunithura. Some latter day Sanskrit enthusiasts ascribe the origin of the name to "Poorna Veda Puri" - the town of Vedas in its entirety. Another possible origin to name comes from the meaning "the land on the shores of Poorna river".
Other stories play on the pun of "Pooni" or "Pooneeram" which means quiver. One of them relates that Arjuna - one of Pandavas - who once visited Lord Vishnu was given an idol and Arjuna carried it in his "pooni" (quiver). While searching for a place to install it, he met Lord Ganapati and sought help. Ganapati found this place and the idol was installed. Another story of the same variety is as follows. At the end of Dwaparayuga, the period of Lord Krishna, the Lord himself presented an idol to Arjuna, one of the Pandavas, and asked him to install it in a proper place. He kept the idol in a bag used to keep arrows, which was called Pooneeram in local language. When he reached the place, he shouted Pooneeram Thura means 'open the bag' in local language. Thus the name Poonithura has come, according to this story.

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Thrissur district
Thrissur ( Trichur / Trishur) (Malayalam: തൃശ്ശൂര്‍) is a revenue district of Kerala situated in the central part of that state. Spanning an area of about 3,032 km², Thrissur district is home to over 10% of Kerala’s population. Thrissur district was formed on July 1, 1949, with the headquarters at Thrissur City. Thrissur is known as the cultural capital of Kerala, and the land of Poorams. The district is famous for its ancient temples, churches, and mosques. Thrissur Pooram is the most colourful and spectacular temple festival in Kerala.
The name Thrissur is derived from 'Thiru-Shiva-Perur' (Malayalam / Tamil), which translates to "The city with the name of the Lord Siva". Thrissur was also known as "Vrishabhadripuram" and "Then Kailasam" (Kailasam of the south) in ancient days.^{[citation needed]} Another interpretation is 'Tri-shiva-peroor' or the big land with three Shiva temples, which refers to the three places where Lord Shiva resides - namely Vadakkunnathan temple, Asokeswaram Siva temple and Irattachira Siva temple.

wn.com/Thrissur_district
Tirunelveli
Tirunelveli ( pronunciation (help·info)), also known as Nellai, and historically (during British rule) as Tinnevelly, is a city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is the headquarters of the Tirunelveli District in Tamil Nadu. It is situated 700 kilometres (435 mi) southwest of the state capital Chennai.
Tirunelveli is an ancient city and is home to many temples and shrines, including the largest Shiva temple in Tamil Nadu, the Nellaiappar Temple. It is located on the western side of the perennial Thamirabarani river, whereas its twin municipal city Palayamkottai, is located on the eastern side.
The history of Tirunelveli was researched by Robert Caldwell, one of the Christian missionaries who visited the area in the nineteenth century for the purpose of both promoting their religious beliefs and educating the people.
Tirunelveli had been under the prominence of the Pandya kings, serving as their secondary capital while Madurai remained its primary capital. It was an important city of the Chola kingdom (c.900–1200) and of the Vijayanagar empire. The city was the chief commercial town in the period of Arcot Nawabs and Nayaks. They were among the various ruling dynasties of Tamil Nadu. In fact, they called the city "Nellai Cheemai", with cheemai meaning a developed foreign town. It was the Nayaks who, in 1781, granted its revenues and local administration to the British. In 1801, it was annexed by the British, who governed it until India achieved independence in 1947.

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Tuticorin
Thoothukudi, also known as Tuticorin, is a port city and a Municipal Corporation in Thoothukudi district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Thoothukudi is the headquarters of Thoothukudi District.
Thoothukudi is also known as "Pearl City". It is a commercial seaport which serves the inland cities of Southern India and is one of the sea gateways of Tamil Nadu. It is also one of the major seaports in India with a history dating back to the 6th century AD. It is located about 190 kilometres (118 mi) northeast of Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum) and 590 kilometres (367 mi) south of Chennai.
Thoothukudi is part of the Pearl Fishery Coast, and is known for its pearl fishing and shipbuilding industries. Freedom fighter Vanchinathan killed the then Tirunelveli District Collector Ash during the freedom struggle in Maniyachi. To honour him, Maniyachi Railway station is called Vanchi Maniyachi Junction.
The major harbour of Thoothukudi is well known as a pearl diving and fishing centre. It is one of the oldest seaports in the world and was the seaport of the Pandyan kingdom after Korkai, near Palayakayal. It was later taken over by the Portuguese in 1548, captured by the Dutch in 1658, and ceded to the British in 1825. The lighthouse built in 1842 marked the beginning of the history of harbour development in the city. Thoothukudi was established as a Municipality in 1866 with Roche Victoria as its first chairman. It attained the status of Corporation on August 5, 2008 after 142 years of being a municipality.

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Vadasserikkara
Vadaserikara is a village in Pathanamthitta district, in the state of Kerala, India. It is one of the 11 villages in Ranni taluk. It is situated at the confluence of two rivers the Pamba and Kallar.
Vadasserikkara is located on the main trunk road to Sabarimala i.e. Pathanamthitta-Pampa Highway. It is a stopover for pilgrims on the way to Sabarimala, the abode of Lord Ayyappa, a pilgrim centre that attracts millions of Ayyappa devotees. The town is three kilometers away from Kumplampoika and about 8 km from Ranni. Pathanamthitta - Seethathodu road also pass through Vadasserikkara.
Marthoma Christians are a majority here. The village has seen much growth since the 1990s. One of the biggest bridges in the district is at Benglavkadavu.
As of 2001^[update] India census, Vadaserikara had a population of 22,577 with 11,080 males and 11,497 females.
The current President of the Vadaserikara Village Council or Grama Panchayat is Thomas Abraham.

wn.com/Vadasserikkara
Vagamon
Vagamon (Malayalam: വാഗമണ്‍) is a hill station located in Kottayam-Idukki border of Idukki district of Kerala, India. It has a cool climate with the temperature between 10 and 23 °C during a summer midday. It is situated 1,100 meters above sea level. Vagamon also known as the 'Scotland of Asia', was discovered by the Britishers who found the place ideal for tea plantations and they were followed by Christian missionaries who built their abode of service at Kurisumala in Vagamon. National Geographic Traveler has listed Vagamon on their directory of the '50 most attractive places to visit in India’.
Still untouched by commercialisation, the sleepy town with its scenic valleys, beautiful green meadows, enchanting pine forests, mists, fogs, tea estates, waterfalls with the overall greenery is really striking. The landscape is mostly hilly bald with green meadows. Vagamon is also home to a large variety of flowers and orchids. Cuddled up within three striking hills Thangal, Murugan and Kurisumala hills which are the representation of the chief religions in Kerala, i.e. Hindu, Muslim, and Christian which represent the cultural harmony. Vagamon has amenities for trekking, paragliding, mountaineering and rock climbing. However business interests are trying their best to exploit and sell and market vagamon for tourists. How much benefits the local people are receiving from tourism boom is to be seen. The efforts made by the Kurishumala Ashram have helped the farmers of vagamon to improve their earnings by ensuring better price for milk and marketing opportunities.

wn.com/Vagamon
Varkala
Varkala (Malayalam : വര്‍ക്കല ) is a coastal town and municipality in Thiruvananthapuram district situated in the Indian state of Kerala. It is located 50 kilometres (approx. 32 miles) north-west of Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum) and 37 km south-west of Kollam city.
Varkala is the only place in southern Kerala where cliffs are found adjacent to the Arabian Sea. These tertiary sedimentary formation cliffs are a unique geological feature on the otherwise flat Kerala coast, and is known among geologists as Varkala Formation and a geological monument as declared by the Geological Survey of India. There are numerous water spouts and spas on the sides of these cliffs.
Varkala is also famous for the 2,000-year old Janardana Swami Temple which is an important Vaishnavaite shrine in India and is often referred to as Dakshin Kashi (Benares of the South). The temple is located close to the Papanasam beach, which is considered to have holy waters which wash away sins, and is also an important Ayurveda treatment centre. The temple has an ancient bell removed from a shipwreck, donated by the captain of the Dutch vessel which sank near Varkala without causing any casualties.

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Wayanad district
Wayanad District (Malayalam: വയനാട്) in the north-east of Kerala, India, was formed on November 1, 1980 as the 12th district by carving out areas from Kozhikode and Kannur districts. Kalpetta is the district headquarters as well as the only municipal town in the district. The region was known as Mayakshetra (Maya's land) in the earliest records. Mayakshetra evolved into Mayanad and finally to Wayanad. The Folk etymology of the word says it is a combination of Vayal (paddy field) and Naad (land), making it 'The Land of Paddy Fields'. There are many indigenous tribals in this area. It is set high on the majestic Western Ghats with altitudes ranging from 700 to 2100 m.
It is the least populous district in Kerala (out of 14).

wn.com/Wayanad_district

Hermann Gundert
Rev. Dr. Hermann Gundert (Stuttgart, 4 February 1814 – 25 April 1893 in Calw, Germany) was a German missionary, scholar, and linguist, as well as the grandfather of German novelist and Nobel laureate Hermann Hesse. Gundert compiled a Malayalam grammar book, Malayalabhaasha Vyakaranam (1859), the first Malayalam-English dictionary (1872), and contributed to work on Bible translations into Malayalam. He worked primarily at Tellicherry on the Malabar coast, in Kerala, India. Gundert also contributed to the fields of history, geography and astronomy.
Though as a child Gundert was obstinate and presumptuous, his personality is said to have changed after his sister's death when he was about 13. In 1831 he obtained a doctoral degree in philology from Tübingen. and then a Doctor of Philosophy from Switzerland.
He left Germany at the age of 22 for missionary work in Calcutta (Kolkata) India. While travelling in the ship he mastered Bengali, Hindustani and Telegu languages. Instead of Calcutta he reached Madras (Chennai) in 1836. There he learned Tamil. He worked in Chittor and Tirunelveli. While he was there he published a book in Tamil. Then he joined the Basel Mission and went to Mangalore for missionary work. But on his way to Mangalore he passed through Trivandrum (Thiruvananthapuram) and had an audience with His Highness Sree Swathi Thirunal Maharaja, the ruler of Travancore. Most probably it was here he heard Malayalam for the first time.

wn.com/Hermann_Gundert
Marthanda Varma
Anizham Thirunal Marthanda Varma (Malayalam: അനിഴം തിരുനാൾ മാര്‍ത്താണ്ഡ വര്‍മ്മ; 1706–1758) was a king of Travancore (Trippappur Swaroopam) from 1729 till his death in 1758. He annexed several neighboring states and contributed substantially to the expansion of Travancore. Under his rule Travancore rose to prominence as a powerful military state in South India. He was succeeded by his nephew Kartika Tirunal Rama Varma ("Dharma Raja").
King Marthanda Varma is usually credited as the "founder of modern Kingdom of Travancore". The rulers of Venad trace their relations back to the Ay kingdom and the Later Chera kingdom. Marthanda Varma crowned in his twenties, successfully suppressed the feudal lords, defeated the local kingdoms of Attingal, Kollam (Desinganad), Kayamkulam, Kottarakara (Ilayidathu Swaroopam), Pandalam, Ambalapuzha, Kottayam, Changanassery, Meenachil, Karappuram, and Alangad and fought numerous battles against the Dutch and the kingdom of Cochin with the help of the British East India Company. In the famous Battle of Colachel (1741), Marthanda Varma's army defeated the Dutch East India Company, resulting in the complete eclipse of Dutch power in Malabar. In this battle, Marthanda Varma captured the Flemish admiral of the VOC Eustachius De Lannoy who would later modernize the Travancore army by introducing better firearms and artillery. This battle in the Travancore-Dutch War (1739–1753) is considered the earliest example of an organized Asian power overcoming European military technology and tactics; and it signaled the decline of Dutch power in India. He was also successful in defeating the Zamorin of Calicut in a battle at Purakkad. Ramayyan Dalawa, the Prime Minister (1737–1756) of Marthanda Varma, also played an important role in this consolidation and expansion.

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R. Sankar

R. Sankar (1909–1972) was the third Chief Minister of Kerala from 1962 to 1964. He was also the Deputy Chief Minister of the State from 1960 to 1962. Sankar apart as a Politician is known as a Statesman, Administrator, Orator, Educationist, Writer and Editor.
He was born to Raman and Kunjaliamma on April 30, 1909 in Kuzhikkalidavaka village in Puthoor, Kottarakkara. He did his formal education in the Puthoor Primary School and later continued in an English School in Kottarakkara. In 1924, he joined Maharajas College (present University College) from gained a degree in Chemistry. He was supported financially for his education by a wealthy relative, as his father could not afford the expenses. he also worked as a techer for a short span of time before he moved to the Government Law College, Thiruvananthapuram in 1933.
His appointment as Principal in the Sivagiri High School made him associate with the activities of the Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana (SNDP) Yogam. He talked about the social injustice prevalent in those days, particularly the discriminatory attitude shown towards backward class communities, and also equal opportunities for backward classes.

wn.com/R._Sankar

Kavya Madhavan in Idimannickal Jewellers Punalur

Kavya Madhavan Inaugurated Idimannickal's new jewellery shop in Punalur, Kollam at 30-07-2...

published: 30 Jul 2012

author: pillaivideos

Riding in punalur

Punalur ride...

published: 03 Jul 2012

author: Sarath M G

Punalur Anilkumar murder, lover arrested

Punalur Anilkumar murder, lover arrested...

published: 22 Jun 2012

author: Livevartha

King Cobra Captured in Punalur (Karavoor)

King Cobra Captured in Punalur (Karavoor)...

published: 04 Jul 2012

author: Livevartha

Nagarakazhcha ( Punalur )

MANOJ NATESAN DUBAI UAE...

published: 15 Dec 2011

author: MANOJNATESANFOXNEWS

Why this Kolavery accident at punalur valacodu fron kripa inverter ups punalur YouTube

this video taken Joyi Pastan Place Punalur I created this video and I own all rights to al...

published: 12 Mar 2012

author: joy pastan

Starting from Punalur - Punalur-Tirunelveli MG Pass. (Aug, 12, 2007)

A succession of sounds - bell, horn - was followed by the train easing out of Punalur. A m...

published: 20 Jul 2011

author: vb642

BOLERO - KSRTC ACCIDENT PUNALUR

ONE CASUALITY - BOLERO OWNER, KRITHYAVASAN, KARUVALUR, MANALIL, PUNALUR BROUGHT 2 U BY MAN...

published: 02 Feb 2012

author: MANOJNATESANFOXNEWS

Punalur Thookupalam in Kollam fest-2011.mp4

...

published: 25 Nov 2011

author: Unni George

trafic punalur

...

published: 18 Apr 2012

author: Livevartha

Snake Catcher Vava Suresh in Punalur

...

published: 07 Apr 2012

author: Livevartha

Nalapachakam: Punalur Chengota meter gauge

Know more on Punalur Chengota meter gauge in the programme Nalapachakam. www.istream.in...

published: 28 May 2011

author: istreamkeralam

PUNALUR {kai vetti maattappetta yuvathy }

MANOJNATESAN DUBAI UAE...

published: 14 Sep 2010

author: Pavam manojmon

KSRTC Fast Passenger Bus In Punalur thenkasi Route www.ksrtcblog.com

www.ksrtcblog.com...

published: 05 Oct 2009

author: Sujith Bhakthan

PUNALUR TRAIN

The Punalur_thenkasi meter guage train passing through 13 KANNARA bridge.This centuary old...

published: 06 Jun 2009

author: BIJU ELAMPAL

punalur train

Come and enjoy it...

published: 20 Jun 2010

author: BIJU ELAMPAL

BEAUTY OF PUNALUR

Its just 5 KMs ahead of Punalur town,beside the NH 208,Enroute Thenmala...

published: 15 Sep 2009

author: BIJU ELAMPAL

Starting from Punalur - Punalur-Tirunelveli MG Pass. (Aug, 12, 2007)

A succession of sounds - bell, horn - was followed by the train easing out of Punalur. A m...

published: 20 Jul 2011

author: Mani Vijay

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photo: AP / Photo

Argentine soccer star Lionel Messi, center, is escorted by officials upon his arrival at the Beijing Capital International Airport in Beijing on Wednesday, Aug. 4, 2010.

Champions League: Lionel Messi injured in Barca-Benfica draw

Joy Online

06 Dec 2012

Lionel Messi missed out on a chance to match Gerd Mueller's record of 85 goals in a calendar year as he was injured during Barcelona's draw with Benfica. Messi, who hurt his left knee in a collision with Benfica keeper Artur, was taken off 30 minutes after coming on as a second-half substitute. Benfica knew a win would see them finish second behind Barca in Group G ... FC Barcelona's official Twitter account tweeted after the Benfica game....(size: 2.5Kb)

photo: AP / Bullit Marquez

Residents cross a river in the flash flood-hit village of Andap, New Bataan township, Compostela Valley in southern Philippines Wednesday, Dec. 5, 2012.

About 350 die in Philippine typhoon, 400 missing

Herald Tribune

06 Dec 2012

NEW BATAAN, Philippines - A powerful typhoon that washed away emergency shelters, a military camp and possibly entire families in the southern Philippines has killed almost 350 people with nearly 400 missing, authorities said Thursday. More bodies were retrieved from hardest-hit Compostela Valley and Davao Oriental provinces and six others impacted by Tuesday's storm, the Office of Civil Defense reported ... "It was horrible ... --- ... Location....(size: 8.0Kb)

photo: AP / Guatemala's Human Rights Ombudsman's office

In this photo released by Guatemala's Human Rights Ombudsman's office, software company founder John McAfee is pictured in an immigration detention center in Guatemala City, Thursday, Dec. 6, 2012.

McAfee hospitalized after being denied asylum

The Salt Lake Tribune

07 Dec 2012

By SONIA PEREZ-DIAZ. The Associated Press. First Published Dec 06 2012 09.10 am • Updated 1 minute ago ... ....(size: 0.8Kb)

photo: AP / Vahid Salemi

File - Iranian worshippers listen to a sermon during Friday prayers as an Iranian flag flutters at Tehran University, in Tehran, Iran, Friday, July 6, 2012.

Can Saudi Arabia and Iran Reestablish the Medina Pact?

WorldNews.com

07 Dec 2012

Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. The in- and out-fighting between present-day Saudi Arabia and Iran is a mirror image of what occurred to Prophet Muhammad's Islamic Movement right after his death ... Still, and due to prosperity and wealth, an influx of trade goods, religious toleration, an emphasis on learning, and increased food supplies, Islam was becoming a vast empire ... Recent U.S ... Dallas Darling (darling@wn.com)....(size: 7.5Kb)

photo: AP / Osama Faisal

Local and international activists march inside a conferences center to demand urgent action to address climate change at the U.N. climate talks in Doha, Qatar, Friday, Dec.7, 2012.

Doha climate talks: US faces dilemma over final text

BBC News

08 Dec 2012

There has been a historic shift in the UN climate talks in Qatar, with the prospect of rich nations having to compensate poor nations for losses due to climate change. The US has fiercely opposed the measure - it says the cost could be unlimited. But after angry tussles throughout the night the principle of Loss and Damage is now in the final negotiating text ... The political stakes are high ... "I will block this ... "I will block this ... ....(size: 3.1Kb)

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BJP flays Maharashtra Govt's move to re-induct Ajit Pawar

Newstrack India

07 Dec 2012

Tweet. New Delhi/Mumbai, Dec.7 (ANI). The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) on Friday criticized the Maharashtra Government's move to re-induct tainted Ajit Pawar as the state's Deputy Chief Minister. Pawar had quit in September this year after his name surfaced in connection with a irrigation scam. He rejoined the Maharashtra cabinet again after a White Paper gave him a clean chit ... BJP spokesperson Prakash Javadekar said ... Punalur Paper Mills ....(size: 3.7Kb)

Ajit Singh urges states to cut turbine fuel taxes

Newstrack India

07 Dec 2012

Tweet. Kolkata, Dec. 7 (ANI). In a move to bring down the operating costs of airlines, Union Civil Aviation Minister Ajit Singh on Friday urged all states to reduce taxes on aviation turbine fuel. State taxes of as much as 30 percent make jet fuel more than 50 percent expensive in India compared with the global average, and global airlines have often criticized such high taxation ... (ANI). Read More ... Kolkata ... Ajit Pur ... Punalur Paper Mills ... ....(size: 4.2Kb)

Bull operators call the shot in pepper market

The Hindu

06 Dec 2012

Pepper prices on Thursday continued to be in the grip of long position holders who have been squeezing the market and rather compelling short position holders to buy back December contracts ... According to primary market dealers in Parakode (Pathanamthitta) and Punalur (Kollam), an estimated 5-7 tonnes of pepper are being traded daily and it is expected to increase as the number of pilgrim arrivals picked up ... Keywords....(size: 2.3Kb)

Cancer-causing chemical found in Chinese ice-cream cover

Newstrack India

30 Nov 2012

Tweet. Beijing, Nov 30 (IANS) Paper wrappers used over ice-cream cones made by a Chinese chain have been found to contain excessive levels of fluorescent agents and bleaching chemicals that can cause cancer ... Ltd ... Ltd ... Read More. Agarwal Paper Mill ... Punalur Paper Mills ... ) .. ). ... . . . . . .. . . .. ....(size: 2.4Kb)

Kollam railway station finally gets a ‘real’ platform No 1

The Times of India

18 Nov 2012

KOLLAM. The railway authorities have renumbered the platforms at the Kollam railway station from Sunday, bringing relief to the passengers who board trains here ... Till Sunday, Kollam's main platform was called platform No 4 and the second platform, No 5 ... Till recently, a meter gauge train from Punalur used to arrive at the platform No 1 of the station ... ....(size: 1.6Kb)

Fund crunch leaves several railway projects in limbo

The Times of India

18 Nov 2012

MADURAI. A number of railway projects in southern Tamil Nadu are in limbo due to paucity of funds. Some of these projects were announced way back in 1997 and could have made journeys much better, particularly from southern Tamil Nadu, if they were implemented in time ... One of the projects suffering undue delay is broad gauge conversion works on the Senkottai-Punalur section which was announced in 1997 ... ....(size: 2.6Kb)

Blake unfazed by Moscow title defence

Newstrack India

10 Nov 2012

Tweet. Kingston (Jamaica), Nov 10 (IANS/CMC) Reigning 100 metres World champion Yohan Blake says he feels under no pressure as he prepares to defend his title in Moscow next August. The 22-year-old Jamaican, widely viewed as the heir apparent to his peerless countryman Usain Bolt, stormed to gold in Daegu last year after Bolt was disqualified for a false start, reports CMC ... --IANS/CMC. sr/vm. Read More. Elgin Mills ... Punalur Paper Mills ... ....(size: 3.7Kb)

Rudy demands PM's answer on Kejriwal's expose on 'black money'

Newstrack India

09 Nov 2012

Tweet. New Delhi, Nov. 9 (ANI). With Arvind Kejriwal targetting the issue of black money and claiming to have a list of 700 Indians who have accounts in HSBC's branch in Geneva, Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) leader Rajiv Pratap Rudy on Friday asked Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh to come forth with a befitting reply to all the charges levelled by the India Against Corruption (IAC) chief ... ... 80 crores ... 25 crores ... (ANI) ... Punalur Paper Mills ... ....(size: 5.5Kb)

Australia, India to share TV content

Newstrack India

08 Nov 2012

Tweet. New Delhi, Nov 8 (IANS) The agreement between Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) and India's public broadcaster Prasar Bharati will help the signatories share content by utilising Doordarshan and ABC's extensive networks, Australia's Minister for Arts and Regional Development Simon Crean said here Thursday ... Read More. Australia . Prasar Kendra, Rampur . Agarwal Paper Mill . Regional College Ajmer Dtso ... ... Punalur Paper Mills ... ....(size: 3.5Kb)

Assam Govt. releases White Paper on immigration

Newstrack India

20 Oct 2012

Tweet. Guwahati, Oct.20 (ANI). The Government of Assam on Saturday released a White Paper on immigration from neighbouring Bangladesh, and promised that steps would be taken to update the National Registrar of Citizen (NRC) ... (ANI). Read More. Silchar . Goalpara . White Ganj ... Punalur Paper Mills . Assam Lingzey ... ) .. ). ... . . . . . .. . . .. ....(size: 2.6Kb)

2 accused surrender in Dubai sex racket case

The Times of India

20 Oct 2012

KOCHI. Two of the main accused in the Dubai sex racket case surrendered to the police on Saturday ... The Crime Branch had earlier arrested one Shantha from Punalur on charges of facilitating and procuring fake passports for girls who are lured into the racket. ....(size: 1.3Kb)

Decline in illegal aliens in Assam: Official document

Newstrack India

20 Oct 2012

Tweet. Guwahati, Oct 20 (IANS) The Assam government Saturday released the much-hyped White Paper on the illegal iens' issue and claimed that the influx has declined since 1991 ... Releasing the White Paper, an official document, Assam Chief Minister Tarun Gogoi also said that there was large scale migration to Assam between 1911 to 1971 ... "The population growth in Assam was alarming between 1911 and 1971 ... Read More ... Punalur Paper Mills ... ) . ... ....(size: 4.1Kb)

Northeast monsoon sets in

The Hindu

19 Oct 2012

The northeast monsoon wind regime firmly established its authority over the southern peninsula on Friday, bringing widespread thundershowers in Kerala ... The IMD’s weather charts forecast the possibility of isolated heavy rain in Kerala during the next three days ... on Friday, rainfall measuring 5 cm on the gauge was reported from Nedumbasserry, Kottayam, Punalur, and Chalakkudy ... Keywords....(size: 1.8Kb)

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Punalur city

— and municipality —

Punalur city

Location of Punalur city
in Kerala and India

Coordinates

9°01′03″N 76°55′35″E / 9.01762°N 76.92652°ECoordinates: 9°01′03″N 76°55′35″E / 9.01762°N 76.92652°E

Country

India

State

Kerala

District(s)

Kollam

Nearest city

Kollam (44 Kms)

Population

• Density

1,01,251 (2011)

• 1,337 /km² (3,463 /sq mi)

Time zone

IST (UTC+05:30)

Area

• Elevation

34 square kilometres (13 sq mi)

• 56 metres (184 ft)

Codes

• Pincode • 691305

• Telephone • +0475

• Vehicle • KL 25

Website

http://www.punalurmunicipality.in/

Punalur (Malayalam: പുനലൂര്‍ Punalūr‍) is a city situated near the Tamil Nadu-Kerala Border in the Kollam district, in the southern State of Kerala, India. Here the Punalur Paper Mills was the first industry in Kerala, a pioneer in the Kerala industrial revolution. It is also one of the hottest city in South India.

It is situated in the banks of the Kallada River, receiving its name from two Tamil words; punal, meaning "water" and ooru, meaning "place", therefore "place of water". It is about 45 km north-east of Kollam and 75 km north of Thiruvananthapuram. Punalur is the headquarters of Pathanapuram Taluk, the gateway to Western Ghats. It is also known as the " Lap of the western ghats ".

It is the second largest city in Kollam and the 5th largest city in south Kerala, and a famous industrial city in India. Punalur municipality was established in 1972, although its status may change before 2016.it is THE HOTTEST CITY OF SOUTH INDIA.

1 History
2 Geography
3 Etymology
4 Transportation
5 Punalur railway line
6 Suspension bridge
7 Economy
8 Industries in Punalur
9 Kerala Agro Fruit Products
10 The Rehabilitation Plantations Ltd
11 Demographics
12 Banks
13 Educational Institutions
14 References

History [link]

Punalur is a city which has, since ancient times, had a good relations with Tamil Nadu to the East. Most parts of Pathanapuram taluk were inhabited since before the Indus Valley Civilization, and civilization may have existed in and around Punalur during the 1st Century AD, but most parts of it were thick forests. Punalur was described in inscriptions at Mithranandpuram and Vellayani. Until 1734, Punalur was under the direct rule of the Ilaydathu swaroopam.Later it was occupied by Marthanda Varma and came into the rule of Travancore . Britishers had a good hold in this part due to its rich agricultural background.

Portuguese Captain Road Drigs tried to establish his supremacy over the black pepper trade in 1552, but the local traders were not interested and so they transported the pepper to Tamil Nadu in about 500 bullock carts. This act of the local traders evoked the anger of the Captain and so he sent his troops and killed many people.

Punalur Paper Mills, the first of its kind in Kerala, served both as an economic centre as well as a source of jobs. Later Travancore plywood industry added to Punalur's importance in the industrial field. Sri Ramapuram market is one of the largest vegetable markets in Kerala. Punalur Balan and Lalithambika Antharjanam are Punalur authors who contributed to Malayalam literature.

Geography [link]

Punalur has an average elevation of 56 metres (184 ft).^[1] Many tourists have visited scenic spots along the Kallada River.^[2] The Palaruvi Falls is 35 kilometres (22 mi) from Punalur.^[3] The first eco-tourism project in Kerala is only 20 kilometres (12 mi) from Punalur on NH 208 towards Shenkottai.

Regarding climate, even though located near the Western Ghats, Punalur is the hottest place in Kerala, and during summer temperature has recorded even 44 °C (111 °F). Punalur and Chittur, Palakkad have a long reputation of being the hottest places in Kerala, but Punalur broke all heat records in 2009. The summers of 2007 and 2009 were the hottest in Punalur's history when the maximum temperature hovered around 40 °C (104 °F) for many days. Punalur also holds the record for the coldest temperatures recorded in lowland and midland regions of Kerala; with 12.9 °C (55.2 °F) on January 8, 1968. Minimum temperature in January–February months on a cloudless day can be as low as 15 °C (59 °F) and maximum in March–April months can be as high as 40 °C (104 °F).

The unusually high temperatures of Punalur during the recent years can be attributed to global warming, but the exact reason as to why Punalur part of Kerala experiences extreme temperatures remains a mystery, and weather scientists are currently investigating the issue.

Etymology [link]

It is believed that Punalur derived its name from ‘Punel’ - the Malayalam word for ‘funnel’. The other school of thought attributes the etymology to the word 'punal' (river in old Tamil and Malayalam as in "kuruthipunal=river of blood" according to Dr. Hermann Gundert), and 'ooru' (place), referring to the river passing through the town.

Transportation [link]

Transportation in this hilly city is mainly dependent on private buses as well as the state run KSRTC buses. It is well connected to the capital city of Kerala Thiruvananthapuram by KSRTC Fast Passenger buses which ply every 15 minutes. Buses are also plenty to the district headquarters of Kollam and Pathanamthitta and to towns in Tamilnadu like Tenkasi, Tirunelveli, Madurai and Shenkottai.

The Main Eastern Highway, which is Punalur-Pathanamthitta-Muvattupuzha Road / SH - 08 and Punalur-Ayoor- Road / SH - 48 connects Punalur to Thiruvanthapuram). Connections to other major towns include Punalur-Kulathupuzha(SH 79), Punalur-Narikkal road SH 89, Punalur-Kayamkulam Road / SH - 5, and Kollam - Thirumangalam Road (NH-208).The nearest airport is at Thiruvananthapuram.

Punalur railway line [link]

The Punalur Railway Station is located on the Kollam-Madurai railway line. A new railway line is proposed through Sabarimala-Pathanamthitta-Punalur-Thiruvananthapuram. The Punalur Railway Station currently connects to Kollam. There are four services in this route right now and it is heard that many more services would be inducted in this route since the Punalur-Shenkottai ghat section has been closed for Broad Gauge conversion. Once the conversion is over, this will serve as the shortest route from Thiruvanthapuram to Chennai and from Kochi port to Tuticorin port.

Punalur Railway Bridge

Punalur is one of the stations in India which has both meter gauge & broad gauge. It lies 45 km from Kollam on the scenic Kollam-Shencotta railway line across the western ghats, providing a valuable link across the southern states. The long-pending Shencottah-Punalur gauge conversion under Unigauge work has been sanctioned recently and is planned for completion by 2013. Currently Kollam-Punalur gauge conversion is finished and trains have started running from Kollam to Punalur. The Punalur-Shencottah was closed to all traffic from 19 September 2010 for conversion into broad gauge. The journey through the western ghats is incredible.^[4]

Suspension bridge [link]

Punalur Suspension Bridge

The Punalur suspension bridge crossing the river is the only suspended-deck type in south India. Built in 1877 by Albert Henry across the Kallada River, this huge bridge was suspended by three spans and was used for vehicular movement. Construction took more than six years. It is said that after completion of the bridge people hesitated to walk through the bridge. In order to prove the strength of the bridge the engineer and his family passed under the bridge in a country boat while six elephants were walking through the bridge. Now the bridge is only of historical interest.^[5]^[6]

the main concept behind the construction of this bridge is in olden times Punalur is a forest city and areas on the other side of the river Kallada was full with dense forests. the need of a bridge is necessary in there, but a problem is through a concrete bridge, wild animals can easily pass to the peoples area, so to prevent that the concept of bridge , which shakes when some one enters began and finally it succeeded. also the bridge is powered by four wells. the iron rods of the bridge is connected to the clips, situated in the wells. each well is of about 100 feet deep and no one since know the engineering behind the construction of the bridge.

Economy [link]

Main agricultural products of this town include rubber, black pepper, and other spices. The chief commodities of export here are the hill products: pineapple, pepper products, plywood and timber. The Punalur Paper Mill Ltd., a paper industry established in 1888 by a British national, was closed due to labour disputes and improper handling of the situation by the mill management and the state government. It is currently owned by Athula Industries, Hyderabad.

The Punalur economy was at its height during the time of Punalur paper mill. However, the Punalur plywood industry still provides a significant contribution to Kerala. The Punalur market is also assisted by the agricultural industries.

Punalur Paper mill

Industries in Punalur [link]

Punalur paper mill-first paper mill in Kerala currently in the reopening stage.
Travancore Plywood Industries Ltd., Punalur, which has now become the KINFRA Industrial Park.
Kerala Agro Fruit Products
State Farming Corporation of Kerala Ltd., Punalur -A Govt. of Kerala undertaken.
Rehabilitation Plantations LTD, Punalur
Rpc Kraft paper mills manufacturing M.G.Plain Kraft Paper, situated in Manali.

Kerala Agro Fruit Products [link]

Kerala Agro Fruit Products engages in the production and processing of fruit products under the Jyothi brand, producing pineapple juice, jam, and concentrate. As of December 13, 2008, KAFP operates as a subsidiary of Oil Palm India Limited.

The Rehabilitation Plantations Ltd [link]

The Rehabilitation Plantations Ltd., Punalur (RPL) started as a government rubber plantation scheme in 1972 for the settlement of Sri Lankan repatriates which was necessitated by Sirimao-Shastri Agreement of 1964. Later on it was formed into Government Company and incorporrated on 5 May 1976. The authorised share capital of the company is Rs.350.00 lakhs and the paid up capital is Rs.339.27 lakhs. The share capital contribution of Government of India is 40% and remaining 60% was contributed by Government of Kerala.

The Company has settled 700 repatriate families from Sri Lanka. Two members from each family are provided with employment in the company. At present the company employs to 1300 workers, 185 staff members and 32 officers in the company.

Demographics [link]

As of 2001^[update] India census,^[7] Punalur had a population of 47,226. Males constitute 49% of the population and females 51%. Punalur has an average literacy rate of 84%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 85%, and female literacy is 82%. In Punalur, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Educational Institutions [link]

Schools:-Punalur has many Government, aided and unaided schools, which play an active role in producing a bright future for Punalur. The Government Higher Secondary School in Punalur and the Taluk Samjam Schools were established in early 20th century. Later these were split into Boys HSS, Girls HS, and the Chemmanthoor HSS.

Boys HSS
Government HSS
Girls HS
Sabarigiri Senior Secondary School
SN Trust HSS
St. Thomas HSS
Chemanthoor HSS
Tholicode LPS
NSV vocational higher secondary school
SN Public School
TVTM School
St.Goretti HSS
Toch Public School
Kelancavu LPS
SM Group Senior HSS may be opening shortly.
GDHS Piravanthoor
GUPS Piravanthoor
SNUPS Vazhathoppu
GUPS Chekom

There is also a Government Polytechnic, Bharatha Matha ITC and SMG ITC which offers technical education to students.

Colleges:-

Sree Naryahana College, Punalur, was established in 1965 by the perspicacious visionary and administrator Sri. R. Sankar. The college offers courses at the degree and post-graduate levels in Arts, Science and Humanities and is fast developing into a centre of excellence in University education. Its academic, research and extension programmes have been rendering outstanding service to society by moulding academically equipped, intellectually inquisitive, emotionally balanced and socially committed citizens.
Cooperative Engineering College:-This college is located at Piravanthoor, 4 KMs away from Punalur.
SM College of Engg. Punalur may be opening soon
Hindustan Engg. College

There are many other professional colleges around Punalur.

References [link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Punalur

^ Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Punalur
^ Panoramio - Photo of Amazing Punalur - Kakod Whitewater02
^ "Palaruvi Falls". World of Waterfalls. http://www.world-of-waterfalls.com/asia-palaruvi-falls.html. Retrieved 2010-06-26.
^ Trip report on PUU-SCT on BG and MG lines RailMatters
^ bridgemeister.com Punalur suspension bridge
^ View the Suspension Bridge on Google Earth
^ "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 2004-06-16. http://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999. Retrieved 2008-11-01.

Template:History of SM GROUP

v t e State of Kerala

Capital: Thiruvananthapuram

Symbols	Bird: Great Hornbill Animal: Indian Elephant Tree: Coconut Flower: Golden Shower Fish: Karimeen

Topics	History Economy Geography Demographics Flora and Fauna Government Culture Arts Film Tourism

Districts	Thiruvananthapuram KL-01 Kollam KL-02 Pathanamthitta KL-03 Alappuzha KL-04 Kottayam KL-05 Idukki KL-06 Ernakulam KL-07 Thrissur KL-08 Palakkad KL-09 Malappuram KL-10 Kozhikode KL-11 Wayanad KL-12 Kannur KL-13 Kasaragod KL-14

Municipal Corporations	Thiruvananthapuram Kochi Kozhikode Kollam Thrissur

Municipalities	Adoor Alappuzha Aluva Angamaly Attingal Chalakkudy Changanacherry Chavakkad Chengannur Cherthala Chittur - Tattamangalam Eloor Guruvayoor Irinjalakuda Kalamassery Kalpetta Kanhangad Kannur Karunagapally Kasaragod Kayamkulam Kodungallur Koothuparamba Kothamangalam Kottakkal Kottayam Koyilandy Kunnamkulam Malappuram Manjeri Maradu Mattannur Mavelikkara Muvattupuzha Nedumangad Neyyattinkara Nilambur Nileshwaram North Paravoor Ottappalam Pala Palakkad Paravoor (South) Pathanamthitta Payyannur Perinthalmanna Perumbavoor Ponnani Punalur Shoranur Thalassery Taliparamba Thiruvalla Thodupuzha Thrikkakara Thripunithura Tirur Vadakara Vaikom Varkala

Taluks	Adoor Alathoor Aluva Ambalappuzha Changanasserry Chavakkad Chenganoor Cherthala Chittur Chirayinkeezhu Devikulam Eranad Hosdurg Kanayannur Kanjirappally Kannur Karthikappally Karunagappalli Kasaragod Kochi Kodungallor Kollam Kothamangalam Kottarakkara Kottayam Koyilandi Kozhencherry Kozhikode Kunnathur Kunnathunad Kuttanad Mallappally Mananthavadi Mannarkkad Mavelikkara Meenachil Mukundapuram Muvattupuzha Nedumangad Neyyattinkara Nilambur Ottappalam Palakkad Paravur Pathanapuram Peermade Ponnani Ranni Sulthan Batheri Taliparamba Thalappilli Thalassery Thiroorangadi Thiruvalla Thiruvananthapuram Thodupuzha Thrissur Thirur Udumbanchola Vadakara Vaikom Valluvanad Vythiri

Historical Regions	North Malabar South Malabar Cochin Northern Travancore Central Travancore Southern Travancore

Portal: Kerala

Municipalities of Kerala

v t e Central Travancore region

Districts	Kollam (Part) · Pathanamthitta · Alappuzha · Kottayam · Idukki (Part)

Main Towns and Cities	Punalur · Pathanapuram · Kottarakkara · Adoor · Konni · Pathanamthitta · Kozhencherry · Aranmula · Kumbanad · Ranni · Vadasserikkara · Mallapally · Tiruvalla · Parumala · Mannar · Edathua · Chengannur · Mavelikkara · Chettikulangara · Kayamkulam · Haripad · Ambalappuzha · Alappuzha · Mankombu · Mararikulam · Cherthala · Aroor · Changanacherry · Vazhoor · Karukachal · Kottayam · Kumarakam · Pambadi · Ettumanoor · Vaikom · Kaduthuruthy · Thalayolaparambu · Kuravilangad · Palai · Uzhavoor · Poonjar · Erattupetta · Kanjirappally · Ponkunnam · Erumely · Mundakayam · Vagamon · Peermade · Kumily · Kattappana • Adimali

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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punalur

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In this Indian name, the name Madhavan is a patronymic, not a family name, and the person should be referred to by the given name, Kavya.

Kavya Madhavan

Native name	കാവ്യ മാധവൻ
Born	Kavya Madhavan (1984-09-19) September 19, 1984 (age 27) Nileshwaram, Kasargod, Kerala, India
Residence	Thammanam, Kochi, Kerala, India
Nationality	Indian
Other names	Minu, Karthika
Ethnicity	Malayali
Citizenship	India
Occupation	Film actress
Years active	1991 - present
Notable work(s)	Oomappenninu Uriyadappayyan, Perumazhakkalam, Mizhi Randilum, Khaddama, Bhaktha Janangalude Sradhakku
Spouse	Nischal Chandra (2009-2011)
Parents	P. Madhavan Shyamala
Relatives	Midhun (brother)

Kavya Madhavan (Malayalam: കാവ്യ മാധവന്‍) is an Indian film actress who works in Malayalam cinema. She made her debut in Pookkalam Varavayi (1991) as a child artist. As a heroine Kavya's debut film was Lal Jose's Chandranudikkunna Dikhil(1999) while she was in the ninth standard. It was a super hit and from then on there was no looking back. She won the Kerala State Film Award for Best Actress twice, for her performances in the films Perumazhakkalam (2004) and Khaddama (2010).

1 Background
2 Movie career
3 Personal life
4 Awards and achievements
5 Notable films
6 Upcoming films
7 References
8 External links

Background [link]

Kavya was born on September 19, 1984 in the village of Nileshwaram in Kasargod district, Kerala, India, to P. Madhavan and Shyamala. She attended Nileswaram GLP School and entered the film industry as a child artist. She learned dancing during her school days and participated in competitions. She was a Kalathilakam in a Sub District Schools Youth Festival.^[1]

Movie career [link]

She first appeared as a child in Kamal's film Pookkalam Varavayi (1991). Her talent was soon recognized, and she was offered other projects such as Pavam IA Ivachan (1994) and Azhakiya Ravanan (1996). When she was in ninth standard, she got an offer to play as a heroine in Lal Jose's film Chandranudikkunna Dikhil, which became a super hit. After her leading role, she became popular in the Malayalam film industry. It has been claimed that she was the busiest female actress in Malayalam. She and Dileep are sometimes referred to as the Golden pair. The Dileep-Kavya pairing has produced several big hits, including Chandranudikkunna Dikhil (1999) and Meesa Madhavan (2002). In 2010 the pair acted in the film Pappy Appacha. Kavya’s films include Mizhi Randilum, Dhosth, Madhuranombarakattu, Sadanandante Samayam and Meesa Madhavan, of which the last movie earned record collections in the Malayalam film industry. Her other films include Chakkara Muthu, Iruvattam Manavatti, Annorikkal, Kochi Rajavu, Aparichithan, Perumazhakkalam, Gowrisankaram, Runway, Athisayan, Thilakkam and many more. She has acted in a few Tamil films; Kasi was her first film in Tamil that performed well at the box office. She has also acted in some more Tamil films, En Mana Vaanil and Sadhu Miranda. She has acted with various superstars in the Malayalam industry including Mohanlal, Mammootty, Jayaram, Suresh Gopi and Dileep. She also wrote lyric for the song 'En Khalbillulloru Pennaanu' for the film One Way Ticket.^[2]

Personal life [link]

She was married to Nishal Chandra on February 5, 2009 at Kollur Mookambika Temple.^[3] After the marriage she went to Kuwait to stay with her husband.^[4] However, she returned home in June the same year and did not go back thereafter. She filed a divorce petition with the Family Court at Ernakulam on July 24, 2010.^[3]^[5] Kavya and Nishal had appeared before the Ernakulam Family Court on May 25, 2011 and expressed their willingness, for a mutual divorce. She was granted divorce by court on May 30, 2011.

Awards and achievements [link]

Kerala State Film Awards

2004: Best Actress - Perumazhakkalam
2010: Best Actress - Khaddama

Kerala Film Critics Awards

2000: Second Best Actress - Chandranudikkunna Dikhil
2001: Second Best Actress - Kochu Kochu Santhoshangal
2003: Second Best Actress - Mizhi Randilum
2005: Best Actress - Anandabhadram
2010: Best Actress - Khaddama

Asianet Film Awards

2000: Special Jury Award - Kochu Kochu Santhoshangal, Madhuranombarakattu
2002: Best Star Pair - Meesa Madhavan
2002: Best Actress - Oomappenninu Uriyadappayyan
2004: Special Jury Award Actress - Perumazhakkalam
2009: Best Actress - Banaras
2011: Best Actress - Khaddama

Vanitha-Surya TV Film Awards

2004: Best Actress - Mizhi Randilum
2006: Best Actress - Anandabhadram
2011: Best Actress - Khaddama

Mathrubhumi Film Awards

2002: Best Popular Actress
2002: Best Star Pair - (Dileep and Kavya)
2003: Second Best Actress - Mizhi Randilum
2004: Special Jury Award Actress - Perumazhakkalam
2007: Best Popular Actress
2009: Best Actress - Banaras
2011: Best Actress - Khaddama

Amrita TV FEFKA Film Awards

2010: Best Actress - Khaddama
2011: Best Popular Actress - All Films (2011)

Kerala Film Audience Awards

2001: Monisha Award
2003: Best Actress – Oomappenninu Uriyadappayyan

Other Awards

2000: Bharathan Award - Navagatha Prathibha Chandranudikkunna Dikhil
2003: Fourth Raju Pilakkad Chalachithra Award - Oomappenninu Uriyadappayyan
2007: Sathyan Memorial Award for Best Actress - Nadiya Kollappetta Rathri
2010: Jaihind TV Film Award for Best Actress - Khaddama
2011: Bharath Murali Award - Khaddama
2011: Sathyan Award ^[6]
2011: Lalitha-Padmini-Ragini Memorial Award^[7]
2011 Viewers Choice Award for Best Actress - Khaddama^[8]
2011: Reporter TV Film Award for Best Actress - Khaddama
2011: Surya TV Film Awards for Best Actress - Khaddama
2011: Ramu Kariat Film Awards for Best Actress - Khaddama
2011: Manappuram Kanyaka Minnale Film Awards for Young Megastar Female
2011: Thikkurissy Foundation Film Awards for Best Actress - Khaddama

Notable films [link]

No.	Year	Film	Role	Co-stars	Director
1	1991	Pookkalam Varavayi	As Baby Shamili's friend	Jayaram	Kamal
2	1994	Pavam IA Ivachan	As Innocent's daughter	Jagadish	Roy P. Thomas
3	1994	The President	Child Artist	Innocent
4	1994	Parassala Pachan Payyannur Paramu	Neena	Sreenivasan/Jagathi Sreekumar	P Venu
5	1996	Azhakiya Ravanan	Young Anuradha	Mammootty	Kamal
6	1997	Oral Mathram		Mammootty	Sathyan Anthikkad
7	1997	Snehasindooram		Shankar/Devan/Ambika	Krishnan Munnaddu
8	1997	Bhoothakkannadi	Meenu	Mammootty	Lohithadas
9	1997	Irattakuttikalude Achan	As Manju Warrier's sister	Jayaram	Sathyan Anthikkad
10	1997	Krishnagudiyil Oru Pranayakalathu	Anjali	Jayaram	Kamal
11	1998	Kattathoru Penpoovu		Murali/Sangeetha	Mohan Kupplery
12	1998	Jeevan Masai		Nedumudi Venu	T. N. Gopakumar
13	1999	Chandranudikkunna Dikhil	Radha	Dileep	Lal Jose
14	2000	Madhuranombarakattu		Biju Menon/Samyuktha Varma/Sarath	Kamal
15	2000	Darling Darling	Padmaja/Pappy	Dileep/Vineeth	Rajasenan
16	2000	Kochu Kochu Santhoshangal	Celin	Jayaram	Sathyan Anthikkad
17	2001	Thenkasipattanam	Devu	Dileep	Rafi Mecartin
18	2001	Rakshasa Rajavu	Daisy	Dileep	Vinayan
19	2001	Sahayathrikakku Snehapoorvam	Maya	Kunchacko Boban	M. Shankar
20	2001	Dhosth	Geethu	Kunchacko Boban	Thulasidas
21	2001	Mazhameghapravukal	Malu	Krishna/Shiju	Pradeep
22	2002	Onnaman	Suhara	Mohanlal	Thampi Kannamthanam
23	2002	Oomappenninu Uriyadappayyan	Gopika	Jayasurya	Vinayan
24	2002	Kasi (Tamil)	As Vikram's sister	Vikram	Vinayan
25	2002	Meesa Madhavan	Rugmini	Dileep	Lal Jose
26	2002	En Mana Vaanil (Tamil)		Jayasurya	Vinayan
27	2003	Thilakkam	Ammu	Dileep	Jayaraj
28	2003	Sadanandante Samayam	Sumangala	Dileep	Akbar-Jose
29	2003	Katha	Meera	Prithviraj/Abbas	Sundardas
30	2003	Vellithira	As Prithviraj's sister	Prithviraj	Bhadran
31	2003	Mizhi Randilum	Bhadra / Bhama (Double Role)	Indrajith/Dileep	Ranjith
32	2003	Pulival Kalyanam	Ganga	Jayasurya	Shafi
33	2003	Gowrisankaram	Gauri	Munna	Nemom Pushparaj
34	2004	Runway	Gopika	Dileep	Joshiy
35	2004	Two Wheeler		Jayasurya
36	2004	Aparichithan	Meenakshi	Mammootty	Sanjev Sivan
37	2004	Greetings	Sheethal	Jayasurya	Shajoon Kariyal
38	2004	Perumazhakkalam	Ganga	Vineeth	Kamal
39	2005	Iruvattam Manavatti	Bhumika	Kunchacko Boban	Sanal
40	2005	Annorikkal	Ponnu	Narain	Sarathchandran Wayanad
41	2005	Kochi Rajavu	Aswathy	Dileep	Johny Antony
42	2005	Ananthabhadram	Bhadra	Prithviraj	Santhosh Sivan
43	2005	Seelabathi	Seelabathi	Narain	Shareth
44	2006	Lion	Sharika	Dileep	Joshiy
45	2006	Vadakkumnadhan	Bhama	Vineeth	Shajoon Kariyal
46	2006	Classmates	Thara Kurup	Prithviraj	Lal Jose
47	2006	Chakkara Muthu	Anitha	Dileep	Lohithadas
48	2006	Vasthavam	Sumithra	Prithviraj	M. Padmakumar
49	2006	Arunam	Valli	Vineeth Kumar	Vinod Mankara
50	2006	Kilukkam Kilukilukkam	Chandini	Kunchacko Boban/Jayasurya/Mohanlal	Sandhya Mohan
51	2007	Inspector Garud	Sethulakshmi IAS	Dileep	Johny Antony
52	2007	Athisayan	Maya	Jayasurya	Vinayan
53	2007	Nadiya Kollappetta Rathri	Naadiya / Naadira (Double Role)	Suresh Gopi	K. Madhu
54	2007	Naalu Pennungal		Ravi Vallathol	Adoor Gopalakrishnan
55	2007	Kangaroo	Jancy	Prithviraj	Raj Babu
56	2008	Twenty:20	Ancy	Mohanlal	Joshiy
57	2008	Sadhu Miranda (Tamil)	Priya	Prasanna	Siddique
58	2008	Madampi	Jayalakshmi	Mohanlal	B. Unnikrishnan
59	2009	Banaras	Amritha	Vineeth	Nemom Pushparaj
60	2009	Ee Pattanathil Bhootham	Ancy	Mammootty	Johny Antony
61	2010	Paappi Appacha	Annie	Dileep	Mamas K. Chandran
62	2011	Khaddama	Aswathy	Biju Menon	Kamal
63	2011	Christian Brothers	Meenakshi	Dileep	Joshiy
64	2011	Chinatown	Rosamma	Mohanlal	Rafi Mecartin
65	2011	Bhaktha Janangalude Sradhakku	Sumangala	Irshad	Priyanandanan
66	2011	Venicile Vyaapari	Ammu	Mammootty	Shafi
67	2011	Vellaripravinte Changathi		Dileep	Akku Akbar

Upcoming films [link]

Year	Film	Role	Opposite	Director	Notes
2012	Thambi Durai	Kanchana	Prasanna	Muthu Kumar	Filming Tamil film
2012	Valayar Paramesivam (sequel to runway)	Gowri	Dileep	Joshiy	Announced
2012	Breaking News Live	Nayana	Vineeth	Sudhir Ambalapadu	Filiming
2012	First Bench		Kunchacko Boban,Indrajith	Nishad Valiyaveettil	Filming
2012	Vazhave Mayam		Kunchacko Boban,Lal	Shajun Karyal	Announced
2012	Ente Amma		Biju Menon	Anil Kunjappan	Announced

References [link]

^ http://entertainment.oneindia.in/topic/kavya-madhavan
^ http://kavyamadhavanonline.blogspot.com/
^ ^a ^b Raymond Ronamai (2010-07-28). "Actress Kavya Madhavan | Nishal Chandra | Divorce Petition | Family Court". Entertainment.oneindia.in. http://entertainment.oneindia.in/malayalam/news/2010/kavya-nishal-divorce-petition-280710.html. Retrieved 2011-12-17.
^ Super Admin (2009-07-23). "Kavya Madhavan | Nishal Chandra | Actress | Marriage | Divorce | Family Court". Entertainment.oneindia.in. http://entertainment.oneindia.in/malayalam/news/2009/kavya-madhavan-divorce-230709.html. Retrieved 2011-12-17.
^ "Kavya Madhavan files for divorce". Nowrunning.com. 2010-07-24. http://www.nowrunning.com/news/malayalam/kavya-madhavan-files-for-divorce/33317/story.htm. Retrieved 2011-12-17.
^ "Sathyan Awards 2011". http://www.kottaka.com/blog/2011/10/sathyan-award-for-jayaram-and-kavya/.
^ "Lalitha Padmini ragini memorial award for Kavya". http://www.kottaka.com/blog/2011/11/award-for-kavya-madhavan-and-m-a-yusufali/.
^ "Viewers Choice Award - Malayalam 2011". http://filmcrack.com/malayalam/viewers-choice-award-2011/.

External links [link]

Kavya Madhavan at the Internet Movie Database

Persondata
Name	Madhavan, Kavya
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	September 19, 1984
Place of birth	Nileshwaram, Kerala, India
Date of death
Place of death

http://wn.com/Kavya_Madhavan

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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavya_Madhavan

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Vava Suresh
Vava Suresh

1 Activities
2 Accidents
3 Recognitions
4 References

Activities [link]

Vava Suresh is popular for his snake handling skills which he attributes to his instinctive passion for snakes from childhood and experience from longtime association with the reptiles from the age of twelve. He is widely known for his conservation activities like rescual & release of endangered species of snakes as well as preservation of collected eggs till hatching periods.^[1]^[2] He releases his reptile collections into natural habitats at regular intervals of time.^[3]

Accidents [link]

During his long career of conservation activities, he has encountered numerous accidents. The latest of these happened recently while attempting to catch a female cobra with eggs at a location in the city. Owing to repeated demands from media, Suresh took the snake out from his bag and was bitten while putting it back.^[4] He was injured and rushed to the city Medical College. Though he was found to be poisoned, he survived the attack and continues his conservation activities.

Recognitions [link]

Suresh was declared winner of 'Vocational Service Award 2011' instituted by the Rotary Club's Thiruvananthapurm division.^[5]^[6] He was selected for his service to the society for many years. The announcement was made by Rotary president Zeil S Jose and secretary Cherry Abraham.

References [link]

^ "King Cobra sightings bring up snake bite treatment issues". The Hindu. 2010-09-30. http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/article804703.ece. Retrieved 2011-04-06.
^ "Seriously hurt cobra saved through surgery". Manorama Online. 2011-03-21. http://gulf.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/contentView.do?contentId=9019318&tabId=11&programId=1080132912&channelId=-1073865030&BV_ID=@@@. Retrieved 2011-04-06.
^ "Vava Suresh continues his mission to rescue snakes despite the occasional bites.". The Hindu. 2010-07-05. http://www.hindu.com/2010/07/05/stories/2010070558800300.htm. Retrieved 2011-04-06.
^ "Bitten, Vava Suresh Continues To Love Snakes". yentha.com. 2011-02-21. http://www.hindu.com/2010/07/05/stories/2010070558800300.htm. Retrieved 2011-04-06.
^ "Award for snake catcher". thehindu.com. 2011-04-23. http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/article1720305.ece. Retrieved 2011-04-27.
^ "Rotary award for Vava Suresh". expressbuzz.com. 2011-04-21. http://expressbuzz.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/rotary-award-for-vava-suresh/267410.html. Retrieved 2011-04-26.

http://wn.com/Vava_Suresh

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vava_Suresh

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

Make changes yourself !

Contents

History [link]

Geography [link]

Etymology [link]

Transportation [link]

Punalur railway line [link]

Suspension bridge [link]

Economy [link]

Industries in Punalur [link]

Kerala Agro Fruit Products [link]

The Rehabilitation Plantations Ltd [link]

Demographics [link]

Banks [link]

Educational Institutions [link]

References [link]

http://wn.com/Punalur

Related pages:

http://nl.wn.com/Punalur

http://it.wn.com/Punalur

Contents

Background [link]

Movie career [link]

Personal life [link]

Awards and achievements [link]

Notable films [link]

Upcoming films [link]

References [link]

External links [link]

http://wn.com/Kavya_Madhavan

Related pages:

http://es.wn.com/Kavya Madhavan

Contents

Activities [link]

Accidents [link]

Recognitions [link]

References [link]

http://wn.com/Vava_Suresh