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Alappad
Alappad is a coastal village in the Kollam District of the Indian state Kerala. It is situated on a narrow strip of land sandwiched between the Arabian Sea a few species of ham and the TS Canal - the village is approximately 16 km long and its narrowest point is as thin as 33 meters. The village is connected to the mainland by a bridge at the southern part of the land strip, as well as by country boat ferries, operated by the Panchayat and private parties.
Alappad village is a ward of the panchayat of the same name. Often, the whole panchayat is referred as Alappad; however, the panchayat actually consists of various wards/places such as Azheekkal, Kuzhithura, Parayakadavu, Cheriazheekkal, Pandarathuruthu. Portions of the village were damaged during the 2004 Tsunami. Alappad was the worst-affected village in Kerala - several people lost their lives. After the tragedy, the state government is constructing another bridge at Azheekal, in the northern part of the village.
The residents of Alappad are mostly Hindus. The village is home to many temples. Temples act as places of worship, and temple committees play a crucial role in temple administration and festivals which play important role in social life.
wn.com/Alappad -
Alappuzha
Alappuzha (Malayalam: ആലപ്പുഴ
pronunciation (help·info)), also known as Alleppey, is a town in Alappuzha District of Kerala state of southern India.This town is considered to be the oldest planned town in this region and the lighthouse built on the coast of the town is the first of its kind along the Arabian coast(refer encyclopedia of Kerala in Malayalam language). As per 2001 census Alleppey is the sixth largest city in Kerala with an urban population of 177,029. Alleppey is situated 62 kilometres (39 mi) to the south of Kochi and 155 kilometres (96 mi) north of Trivandrum. A town with picturesque canals, backwaters, beaches, and lagoons, it was described as the one of the places known as "Venice of the East" by Lord Curzon . It is the administrative headquarters of Alappuzha District. Malayalam is the most spoken language. Hindi, English and Tamil are also widely spoken in the town.[citation needed]
Alleppey is an important tourist destination in India.Backwaters of Alleppey are world famous and is the most popular tourist attraction in Kerala. A houseboat cruise in these backwaters is a delightful experience. It connects Kumarakom and Cochin towards north and Quilon to the South. Alappuzha is also the access point for the annual Nehru Trophy Boat Race, held on the Punnamada Lake, near Alappuzha, held on the second Saturday of August every year, is the most competitive and popular of the boat races in India. The mullackal chirap is also one of the attractions of Allapuzha which is the festive season held ten colorfull days every year in the month of December.
wn.com/Alappuzha -
Alappuzha district
Alappuzha (Malayalam: ആലപ്പുഴ) is one of the 14 districts in the state of Kerala in India. It was formed as Alleppey District on August 17, 1957. The name of the district was officially changed to Alappuzha in 1990. The district is a widely known tourist destination, and is well known for its coir factories. Most of Kerala's coir industries are situated in and around Alappuzha. The district is also known for its communist traditions. It is home to the Punnapra Vayalar strikes against the British and also the revolt against feudal raj. Alappuzha is strongly connected by waterways to various other parts of Kerala, including the famous tourist destination, Kumarakom.
Alleppey has a wonderful past. Though the present town owes its existence to the sagacious Diwan Rajakesavadas in the second half of 18th century, district of Alappuzha figures in classified Literature. Kuttanad, the rice bowl of Kerala with the unending stretch of paddy fields, small streams and canals with lush green coconut palms, was well known even from the early periods of the Sangam age. History says Alappuzha had trade relations with ancient Greece and Rome in B.C and in the Middle Ages.
wn.com/Alappuzha_district -
Amritapuri
Amritapuri (originally Parayakadavu) is the main Ashram of Mata Amritanandamayi.It is also the International Headquarters of Mata Amritanandamayi Math. It is located 29 km away from Kollam City, and about 110 km north of Thiruvananthapuram and 120 km south of Cochin. Amritapuri is also the name by which the location of the ashram is now known.
Even though the place is named Parayakadavu meaning "The pier of the Pariah", the majority of the community of Parayakadavu belong to the Arayan caste which is not known to be related genealogically to the Pariahs.
Amritapuri is also one of the five campuses of the Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham.
Coordinates: 9°05′23″N 76°29′09″E / 9.089736°N 76.485908°E / 9.089736; 76.485908
wn.com/Amritapuri -
Anchal
Anchal is a very fast developing town in the east central part of Kollam district of Kerala, India. It is the second fastest developing town in Kerala after Chalakudi. The name Anchal means the land of five proverbs. What characterizes this town is its quick pace of development. Advantages of being located strategically between NH-208 and the MC road has helped Anchal to emerge as a hub of development in Kollam Dist. Anchal is an educational centre in the district having many educational institutions such as the St.John's College, St. John's Central School, Sabarigiri School, Govt. HSS East, Govt HSS West, St. George Central School etc. with high quality standards and more productivity.
Another significant advantage of Anchal is development on health & medicine. There are more than four multi-speciality hospitals at Anchal including a sister concern of KIMS hospital for mother and child.
One of the oldest Ganapathy Temples in Kollam district. Believed to be a very old Kavu turned into a temple. Some say it was rebuilt by Marthanda Varma, ruler of Travancore. In 2009 the temple was rebuilt to a new look. Main deity of the temple is Lord Ganesha.
wn.com/Anchal -
Aranmula
Aranmula (Malayalam: ആറന്മുള) is a village in the state of Kerala, India. At a distance of about 128 km from Trivandrum, the capital of Kerala, it is situated on the banks of the river Pampa. Traditions, culture, traditional village life, sceneries are unique for Aranmula. It is a suburb of Kozhencherry in Pathanamthitta District. Nearby important towns are Pathanamthitta (10 km), Pandalam (14 km) Chengannur (10 km). The nearest railway station is at Chengannur and airports are at Kochi and Thiruvananthapuram. It is the venue of the annual snake boat race on the Pampa river. Aranmula is also famous for its metal mirrors, known as Aranmula kannadi. The palace at aranmula ( Aranmula kottaram) has a history of 200 years.
Aranmula is located at 9°20′N 76°41′E / 9.33°N 76.68°E / 9.33; 76.68. It has an average elevation of 7 m (23 ft).
Aranmula Pardhasaradhi Temple is a famous old major temple in Kerala. Main idol is Krishna, who is the leader of Arjuna in Kurukshetra War. It is believed that this temple was built near Sabarimalai near Nilackal. There is a flight of 18 steps that lead to the Eastern Tower while 57 descending steps from the Northern tower reaches the Pampa River. The temple here has fine murals from the 18th century.
wn.com/Aranmula -
Athirappilly Falls
Athirappilly Falls is situated in Athirappilly panchayath in Thrissur district of Kerala, on the southwest coast of India. Located on the west-flowing Chalakudy River near the Vazhachal Forest Division and the Sholayar ranges, this 24-metre (80 ft) waterfall and the nearby Vazhachal Falls are popular tourist destinations. Controversy about a state-proposed hydroelectric dam on the Chalakudy River above the waterfalls began in the 1990s and has continued through 2011.
The 145 kilometres (90 mi) long Chalakudy River, originates in the Anamudi mountains of the Western Ghats and flows through the Vazhachal Forest toward the Arabian Sea. The river initially runs smoothly but becomes more turbulent as it nears Athirappilly. At Athirappilly Falls, the water surges around big rocks and cascades down in three separate plumes. Below the falls, the river remains turbulent for about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) until it reaches Kannamkuzhi. Then it calms and flows smoothly until reaching the dam at Thumburmuzhi.
wn.com/Athirappilly_Falls -
Attukal Temple
The Attukal Bhagavathy Temple is a shrine in Kerala, India. The temple is renowned for the annual Attukal Pongala festival, in which over a million women participate. Attukal Temple is situated within 2 kilometres of the Sree Padmanabhaswamy Temple in Thiruvananthapuram.
The Goddess Kannaki (Parvathi) is the main deity in this temple. The mythology behind the temple, relates to the story of Kannagi who was married to Kovalan, son of a wealthy merchant. After marriage, Kovalan met a dancer and spent all his riches on her forgetting his wife. But when he was penniless, he went back to Kannagi. The only precious thing left to be sold was Kannagi's pair of anklets. They went with it to the king of Madurai to sell it. But an anklet was stolen from the Queen which looked similar to Kannagi's. When he tried to sell it, he was mistaken for the thief and beheaded by the king's soldiers.
Kannagi got infuriated when she heard the news and rushed to the King with the second pair of anklet. She broke one of the anklets and it contained rubies while the Queen's contained pearls. She cursed the city of Madurai, and it is said that due to her chastity, the curse came true. Kannagi is said to have attained salvation after the Goddess of the city appeared before her.
wn.com/Attukal_Temple -
Ayoor
Ayoor is a town in Kollam district, Kerala state, India. Ayoor is located on the M C Road (Thiruvananthapuram-Kottarakara route). It is 55 km north of Thiruvananthapuram and 17 km south of Kottarakara. Anchal is 8 km away and Nilamel and Kadakkal lies south of Ayoor. The Chadayamangalam Rock is near Ayoor. The place is a commercial center with rubber, paddy, cashew and pepper being the main trading items. The nearest airport is Thiruvananthapuram International Airport, 62 km south of Ayoor. Kollam Junction Railway Station is 31 km away.
wn.com/Ayoor -
Azhikode, Kannur
Azhikode is a coastal village situated in Kannur district of Kerala, south India. The place is the birth place of Sukumar Azhikode, an influential thinker and literary critic. It is about 5 km from Kannur.
Azhicode assembly constituency is part of Kannur (Lok Sabha constituency).
wn.com/Azhikode,_Kannur -
Chala, Kannur
Chala is a census town in Kannur district in the state of Kerala, India and is situated 8 km from kannur town and lies on Kannu-Tellichery National highway.
As of 2001[update] India census, Chala had a population of 15,530. Males constitute 47% of the population and females 53%. Chala has an average literacy rate of 83%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 86% and female literacy of 81%. 12% of the population is under 6 years of age.
wn.com/Chala,_Kannur -
Chathannoor
Chathannoor is a town in Kerala situated at the Kollam District on the banks of Ithikkara River. It is about 16 KM from Kollam City. Chathannoor is in the extreme east part of Kollam District of Kerala, around 55 km north of the state capital Thiruvananthapuram.Kollam Railway Station is only 18 km from the town and is well connected by buses. Nearest Airport is Thiruvanathapuram International Airport.It is around 50 km north of the state capital Thiruvananthapuram on the National Highway 47 (NH 47). We can easily access Paravoor, and Varkala towns from here.NH 47 is passing through the center of the town. It is one of the fastest developing towns in Kerala. It is a Special Grade Panchayath in Kollam District.
==
Chathannoor is located at 8°51′24″N 76°43′5″E / 8.85667°N 76.71806°E / 8.85667; 76.71806.
Chathannoor is well connected to other parts of Kerala by road. National Highway (NH47), which connects Selam and Kanyakumari, passes through Chathannoor. NH 47 is passing through the centre of the town. Kollam Railway station is 18 km from the town and is well connected by buses. The nearest airport is Thiruvanathapuram International Airport. Nearest Railway Station in Paravoor about 8KM.Buses plying between Kottarakara and Chathannoor are aplenty. Main routes are:
wn.com/Chathannoor -
Chavara
Chavara (Malayalam: ചവറ Cavaṟa) is approximately 14 km north of Kollam City on the Kollam-Alappuzha highway in India. Tonnes of mineral sand, mainly titanium, are exported from Chavara to various countries. The name Chavara derived from the Chinese word Chaavara which means cemetry. It is believed that in ancient times a cemetry of the Chinese people had existed here. The Kovilthottam port is situated within the limits of Chavara Panchayat. Kovilthottam is a strip of land (approx. 100 m in width) sandwiched in between chavara T.S canal and Arabian sea. It is also a tourist spot and pilgrim centre. St. Andrews church, beach and lighthouse are major attractions.
Chavara panchyat has some industrial establishments, including Indian Rare Earths (IRE), The Kerala Premo Pipe factory( Closed since 1995 and all chances to reopen this factory ended due to political ego between Left and Right front ruling parties), Kerala Mineral and Metal Limited (KMML), and Titanium Complex at Chavara. The new ISRO project for manufacturing Titanium sponge is being undertaken at KMML. Chavara is a place of great personalities also. The great poet and film lyricist ONV Kurup and Sri.Azhakathu Padmanabha Kurup also belongs to chavara. Akhil Shan, a budding engineer is a native of Chavara. B. Ravi Pillai, famous Indian industrialist is also a native of chavara. He received the Pravasi Bharatiya Samman award from the Government of India, and was the first Bahrain-based businessman to win the Padma Shri award from the Government of India.Major tourist spots of Chavara are: St. Andrews church, kovilthottam; kovilthottam light house and beach; Ashtamudi lake resorts; sinking islands in Ashtamudi lake.
wn.com/Chavara -
Chirayinkeezhu taluk
Chirayinkeezhu Taluk is a Taluk (tehsil) in Thiruvananthapuram district in the Indian state of Kerala. It is situated in the northern part of the Thiruvananthapuram district. It comprises 29 villages and two municipalities. Chirayinkeezhu taluk is the birthplace of a host of illustrious personalities like Raja Ravi Varma, the painter among princes and a prince among painters, the great poet and social reformer Kumaran Asan, the practical saint and sanyasin Sree Narayana Guru, Prem Nazir etc.
There are 29 villages and two municipalities are in the taluk.
Alamcode, Ayiroor, Azhoor, Chemmaruthy, Cherunniyoor, Chirayinkeezhu, Edakkode, Edava, Kadakkavoor, Karavaram, Keezhattingal, Kilimanoor, Koonthalloor, Koduvazhannoor, Kudavoor, Madavoor, Manamboor, Mudakkal, Nagaroor, Navaikulam, Ottoor, Pallickal, Pazhayakunnummel, Perunguzhi, Pulimath, Sarkara-Chirayinkeezhu, Vakkom, Vellalloor, Vettoor·
There are two municipalities: Varkala and Attingal.
Chirayinkeezh is blessed with a network of backwaters and canals, which is quite typical of Kerala.Also there are many Temples and important tourist places. Some of them are given below.
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Chittur
Chittur is a small town in Palakkad district of Kerala, South India.
Chittur assembly constituency is part of Alathur (Lok Sabha constituency). It contains 16 panchayats.
As of 2001[update] India census, Chittur-Thathamangalam had a population of 31,884. Males constitute 49% of the population and females 51%. Chittur-Thathamangalam has an average literacy rate of 79%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 84% and female literacy of 74%. 9% of the population is under 6 years of age.
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Devikulam
Devikulam is a small hill station about 16 km from Munnar in the Idukki District of the southern state of Kerala in India. It is 1800 m above sea level.
The name Devikulam means:
Devi -> Seeta Devi and Kulam -> Pond
According to legend, the goddess Sita Devi of the Ramayana epic bathed in the beautiful Devikulam lake waters surrounded by lush, green hills, now named Sita Devi Lake. The lake draws tourists not only because of its sacredness but also for the curative powers of its mineral waters. Most of the inhabitants in this town speak Tamil. Nearby, are the scenic Pallivasal Waterfalls, dense, green tea plantations, and the natural vegetation of slim red and blue and yellow gum trees.
Population of approximately 350 people (2010)
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District collector
The District Collector is the district head of administration of the bureaucracy in a state of India. Though he/she is appointed and is under general supervision of the state government, he/she has to be a member of the elite IAS recruited by the Central Government. The post of Collector originally follows from the post of collector of taxes in a revenue district during the British rule in India.
District collectors are officers of the Indian Administrative Service and are the most powerful government officials of the district along with the Superintendent of Police, Commissioner of Police and Commissioner of Income Tax. They are entrusted with the task of handling law and order, revenue collection, taxation, the control of planning permission, and the handling of natural and man-made emergencies. A collector was a crucially important colonial officer placed at the district level and entrusted with the responsibility of revenue collection and other civil duties.District Collector also liaisons with the I-T Department during revenue administration and elections of the states.The deputy commissioner is looked upon as the eyes and ears of the government in such areas as law and order, land administration, disaster management and elections,though election observers from the Indian Revenue Service take charge of both general and local elections. The deputy commissioner works under the general guidance and supervision of the divisional commissioner.
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Edathua
Edathua (Malayalam: എടത്വ) is a place in Kuttanad, Alappuzha district, Kerala, India.
Situated 12 km from Thiruvalla Town, Edathua is famous for the St. George Catholic Church known as 'Edathua Palli' situated here. The Church celebrates its major feast during the month of May. It is an important destination for the Christian and non Christian Pilgrims. People from throughout the state as well as from the neighboring states visit the town and the church. St. Aloysius college which is under Mahatma Gandhi University built and managed by the Church parish is located here.
This town is in the beautiful Kuttanad region. It lies below the sea level. Agricultural land [rice farms] in this region are separated from big and small rivers, that run like the highways, streets and avenues of New York around the blocks of farms, by high mud levees [bunds called 'Puravaramp']. Farmers and agricultural workers built and build their habitat and houses on reclaimed land by expanding upon these levees around these paddy fields known as 'Padam'. These levees are also often planted with coconut trees which is a major commercial crop in the region. The area attracts a lot of international tourists. Houseboat trips through the backwaters and river systems of this spectacular evergreen region is available from near Edathua.
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Eloor
Eloor is a suburb of Kochi and a municipality in Ernakulam District in the Indian state of Kerala, India. It is an industrial area north of Cochin. It is an island of 14.21 km² formed between two distributaries of river Periyar and is the largest industrial belt in Kerala. Eloor is a part of Kochi metropolitan area.
There are more than 247 industries of different kinds e.g., Fertilisers and Chemicals Travancore (FACT), Travancore Cochin Chemicals, Indian Rare Earths Limited, Hindustan Insecticides Limited (the world's largest manufacturer of DDT) and many others manufacturing a range of products like chemical-petrochemical products, pesticides and insecticides, rare earth elements, rubber processing chemicals, fertilizers, zinc/chromium compounds and leather products.
As a result of its heavy industry, the town also suffers from heavy pollution, and is rated as one of the toxic hotspots of the world by Green Peace International.
As of 2001[update] India census, Eloor had a population of 30,092. 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Eloor has an average literacy rate of 84%, somewhat higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 86%, and female literacy is 81%.
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Ernakulam
Ernakulam (Malayalam: എറണാകുളം, Eṟṇākulaṁ) refers to the eastern one of the twin cities Ernakulam - Kochi in Kerala, India. The city is the most urban part of Kochi and has lent its name to the Ernakulam district. Ernakulam is called the commercial capital of the state of Kerala. The Kerala High Court, the Office of the Corporation of Cochin and the Cochin Stock Exchange are situated here.
The name 'Ernakulam' is derived from the name of a very famous temple of Lord Shiva called the Ernakulathappan Temple. It is also said that the word Ernakulam was drawn from Malayalam words 'Ere naal Kulam', which mean 'Pond for a long time'. It is also said that the name Ernakulam is a long modified form of "Eraivanar Kulam" (Eraivan = God, in Tamil, and Kulam = Pond). It is also said that the temple pond is called 'Rishingakkulam', and the name 'Ernakulam' is the corrupted form of that word.
Ernakulam is located at 9°59′N 76°17′E / 9.98°N 76.28°E / 9.98; 76.28. It has an average elevation of 4 m (13 ft).
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Ernakulam district
Ernakulam District is a district of the state of Kerala in southern India. The district includes the largest metropolitan region of the state Greater Cochin. Ernakulam District is the highest revenue yielding district in the state and is called and known as the commercial capital of Kerala. It is the third most populous district in Kerala,after Malappuram and Thiruvananthapuram (out of 14). Ernakulam district also hosts the highest number of number of international and domestic tourists in Kerala state.
It is surrounded by Thrissur District to the north, Idukki District to the east, Alappuzha and Kottayam districts to the south and Arabian sea to west. Its headquarters is located at Kakkanad, a suburb of Kochi city.
The language people speak in Ernakulam is Malayalam which is the mother-tongue of the State of Kerala. English is widely used in business circles.
The word/name Ernakulam is derived from a Tamil word Erayanarkulam which means abode of Lord Shiva.
From ancient times Arabs, Chinese, Dutch, British and Portuguese seafarers followed the sea route to Kingdom of Cochin and left their impressions in the town. The word Ernakulam was drawn from the words Erayanar and kulam means abode of Lord Shiva temple near pond.
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Erumely
Erumely is a holy place in Sabarimala Pilgrimage.
Erumely is on the Kanjirappalli - Pathanamthitta Route. A small river, Koratty(originally known as Manimala river), marks the entrance of Erumely town. Erumely is a small town in Kottayam District and Kanjirappally Taluk. It's situated very near to highrange.
Erumely can be reached through Mundakkayam, Kanjirappaly, or Ranni. People coming from Kottayam can be reached through Kanjirappaly.People from highrange can access Erumely through Mundakkayam or Kanjirappally. Pathanamthitta and Trivandrum people can come through Ranni. NH220 National Highway passes 10 km near to Erumely through 26th mile, which makes it reachable easily. Nearest Rail Heads: Kottayam, Chengannur, Changanachery Nearest Airport : Cochin
Eerumely pettakettu is one of the famous celebration over there.
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Ettumanoor
Ettumanoor (sometimes referred to as Ettumanur) is a major town in the Kottayam District of Kerala, India, located 11 kilometers north-east of Kottayam town, 65 km from Cochin and 73 km from Cochin International Airport. The state Highway No.1 popularly known as the Main Central (MC) Road, passess through Ettumanoor, and is a major connecting link between Palai and beyond to the Western Ghats and to the commercial capital of Kerala - Kochi. Ettumanoor is en route to the tourist resort at Wagamon and Poonjar.
The name of the place had its origin from the word 'man oor' in Malayalam, which means the place of deer as 'maan' means deer and 'oor' means place. There is another version about the origin of the name Ettumanoor is about the former rulers of this place. Ettu in malayalam language means Eight, Mana means the house of a Brahmin and Oor in Tamil means village.This was a place ruled by the Brahmins who lived in eight separate houses. Ettmanoor is a historical place as myths have says that the Pandavas and the sage Vyasa had established temple here.
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Government of Kerala
The Government of Kerala is a democratically elected body that governs the State of Kerala, India for a period of 5 years. The state government is headed by the Governor of Kerala as the nominal head of state, with a democratically elected Chief Minister as real head of the executive. The state government maintains its capital at Thiruvananthapuram(Trivandrum). The Government of Kerala was formed on November 1, 1956 after merging of Royal States of Travancore-Cochin with Malabar as part of States Reorganization Act-1956.
The Governor is appointed by the President for a term of five years. The executive and legislative powers lie with the Chief Minister and his council of ministers, who are by the Governor. The Governors of the states and territories of India have similar powers and functions at the state level as that of the President of India at Union level. Only Indian citizens above 35 years of age are eligible for appointment. Governors discharge all constitutional functions such as the appointment of the Chief Minister, sending reports to the President about failure of constitutional machinery in a state, or with respect to issues relating to the assent to a bill passed by legislature, exercise or their own opinion.
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Guruvayoor
Guruvayur (Malayalam: ഗുരുവായൂർ) (also written as Guruvayoor or Gurupavanapuri) is a municipal town in Thrissur District, of Kerala State in India. It houses the famous Guruvayur Sree Krishna Temple, the fourth biggest temple in India in terms of the number of devotees per day.
Guruvayur, according to the legends may be 5,000 years old as the Guruvayur temple idol is. There are no historical records to establish it. In the 14th century, Tamil literature 'Kokasandesam', references about a place called Kuruvayur is made. As early as 16th century, many references are seen about Kuruvayur. In ancient Dravidic, Kuruvai means sea, hence the village on the coast may be called Kuruvayur. According to eminent historian Professor K. V. Krishna Iyer, the Brahmins had begun to come and settle at Kodungallur during the period of Chandra Gupta Maurya (321-297 BC).
Guruvayur was a subordinate shrine of Trikkunavay Shiva temple before the latter was destroyed by the Dutch in 1755. Trikkunavay in the Guruvayur documents is the same as Thrikkanamathilakam or Mathilakam mentioned in the Dutch and British records. And this place was in between Guruvayur and Kodungallur. The story of Pandyan King building a shrine here may be a reference to the Azhavars, but they are all silent in their writing about Guruvayur. It was Melpathur Narayana Bhattathiri's Narayaniyam through which the Guruvayur temple got famous all over India.
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Guruvayur Temple
Guruvayur Sri Krshna Temple (Malayalam: ഗുരുവായൂര് ക്ഷേത്രം, Guruvāyūr Kṣētṟaṁ) is a Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Krshna, located in the town of Guruvayur in Kerala, India. It is one of the most important places of worship for Hindus of Kerala and is often referred to as "Bhuloka Vaikunta" which translates to the "Holy Abode of Vishnu on Earth". The idol installed at Guruvayur Sri Krshna Temple represents a form of Krshna with its four arms carrying the conch Pancajanya, the magical discus with serrated edges Sudarshana Chakra, the mace Kaumodaki and a lotus with a boly basil garland. This idol represents the majestic form of god Vishnu as revealed to Vasudeva and Devaki around the time of Krshna; hence Guruvayur is also known as "Dwaraka of South India". Krishna is popularly known in Kerala by different names such as Kannan, Unnikkannan ("Baby" Kannan), Unnikkrshnan, Balakrshnan, and Guruvayurappan.
The "presiding" deity in the Sri Kovil of the Guruvayur Sri Krshna Temple is Vishnu. He is currently worshipped (the "puja") according to routines laid down by Adi Shankara and later written formally in the tantric way, the inter-religious spiritual movement that arose in medieval India, by Cennas Narayanan Nambudiri (born in 1427). The Cennas Nambudiris are the hereditary tantris of the Guruvayur Temple. The temple (puja) routines are strictly followed. The tantri is available full time at the Temple to ensure this. The Melsanti (Chief Priest) enters the sanctum sanctorum at 2:30 in the morning and does not drink anything up to the completion of "noon worships" at 12:30 PM. The Vedic traditions being followed at this temple with absolute perfection is the hallmark of the Guruvayur temple. It is important to note here that, even though the shrine is considered to be one of the holiest spots for Vaishnavites, the temple is not a part of the famous 108 Holy Temples.
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Haripad
Haripad (Malayalam: ഹരിപ്പാട്) is a town in Alappuzha District, Kerala, India, located between Alappuzha and Kollam on National Highway 47. Haripad is close to the Arabian Sea, and connects Mavelikkara and Thrikkunnappuzha.
Haripad is known as the 'Town of Temples'. There are eighteen Hindu temples there and more than 30 more in the surrounding countryside. The most famous temples are Subrahmanya Swami Temple and the Mannarashala Nagaraja Temple. The first Sri Ramakrishna Asrama in the state of Kerala was established at Pilapuzha in Haripad on 4 May 1913. It is the land of "Mayura Sandesa", the land of snake boats and the land of music, dance and drama. According to colonial Dutch Governor Gollanez the sea coast between Quilon and Purakkad which the Dutch called 'Martha" and which region was known as Karthikappally (of which Haripad was a part) consisted of two regions or nation states, Karnoppally (the present Karunagapally) and Karimpali.
Haripad derived its name from either Aripad (as Ari means Rice and this was the place where from the major portion of the rice for the state came), or "Harigeethapuram". In a literary piece of Kerala Varma Valia Koithampuran there is a reference to Pahi Harigeetha Pathanapathe" (save as the master of Harigeetha) 'Mayura Sandesa' has a reference to 'Aripadu vaanoru Kaalam' (at a time when Haripad was ruled). Swathi Thirunal addresses Subramanya as Harigeetha puthalaya dweep', all the show long history and importance of the name Haripad. To this may be added the fact that Karithikapally was called the place where Karthikayan lived.' (Karthikayan Pallikollunnidom).
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Idukki district
Idukki is one of the 14 districts of Kerala state, India. The district headquarters is located at Kuyilimala in Painavu.
The name of the district is derived from the Malayalam word Idukki, meaning narrow gorge.
Idukki has an area of 4,479 km2 (1,729 sq mi) and is the second largest District of Kerala (the largest being Palakkad). Rugged mountains and forests cover about 97 percent of the total area of the District. The district borders the Kerala districts of Pathanamthitta to the south, Kottayam to the southwest, Ernakulam to the northwest and Thrissur to the north and Coimbature, Dindigul and Theni Districts in Tamilnadu to the east.
Anamudi, the highest peak in India south of Himalayas, is in the Kuttampuzha Panchayat of Adimali Block, in the Kannan Devan Hills Village of Devikulam taluk. Thirteen other peaks in the district exceed a height of 2,000 m (6,600 ft). The Periyar, Thodupuzhayar and Thalayar are the important rivers of the district.
The four taluks (subdistricts) in the district are Devikulam, Udumbanchola, Peerumade and Thodupuzha. The taluks contain 65 villages between them.
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India
India (
i/ˈɪndiə/), officially the Republic of India (Bhārat Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south-west, and the Bay of Bengal on the south-east, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Burma and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; in addition, India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.
Home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history. Four of the world's major religions—Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism—originated here, whereas Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived in the 1st millennium CE and also helped shape the region's diverse culture. Gradually annexed by and brought under the administration of the British East India Company from the early 18th century and administered directly by the United Kingdom from the mid-19th century, India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by non-violent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi.
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Irikkur
Irikkur is a town in Kannur District of Kerala state, south India. It has historic and commercial importance, and is one of the largest Mappila Muslim majority towns (90%) in Kannur district and lies on the banks of the Irikkur River, locally known as Ayippuzha. This river was the geographical border of the former Kottayam of earstwhile Veera pazhassi Raja'.
People residing both side of the river mingled together and this cooperation resulted in the formation of Irikkur village covering both banks of the river. The name "Irikkur" was considered to be formed from the Malayalam word 'iru kara ooru' which means a village of both banks of the river.
Irikkur is about 29 kilometers away from Kannur. And accessible directly from Kannur, Taliparamba, Sreekandapuram, Mattannur, Iritty and Chalode.
Irikkur is almost in the center of Kannur district. On the eastern side of the Irikkur Panchayath is Padiyoor. On the west is Malappattam. On the north is Sreekantapuram and on the south Irikkur river.It is a joy when Buses from Kannur come to irikkur crossing the river and go inside irikkur crossing the mosque, market and shops again returning back on the same route. "Palaga Biscuit" a tasty rusk like bread is a famous recipe of Irrikur.
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Iringole Kavu
This temple is located in the village 'Pattal' 35 kilometers away from Cochin, Kerala, India.
Near iringole kavu there is a school called Government Vocational Higher Secondary School also called "Iringole School" by residents of Iringole.
See also Devaki
Kamsan imprisoned Devaki and Vasudevan due to the fear that their eighth son Sreekrishna who is to be born soon would be his terminator from the earth. In fear and fury Kamsan decided to kill their all sons. Vasudevan planned to save his eighth son from the danger at any cost. The parents shifted baby Sreekrishna to Dhwaraka soon after he was born and placed another girl baby (an incarnation of the goddess Yoga-Nidra or Maya) in the cradle. Kamsan decided to kill the girl baby too, yet realising she was not the eight son of Vasudevan. He lifted the baby furiously above his head, but miraculously the baby became a supernatural power and remained in the atmosphere as 'IRRINNOLE'. Later this area was named as IRINGOLE. It is believed that the gods and goddesses surrounded the power in the forms of trees and plants. And later it is developed into a beautiful thick forest.
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Kadakkal
Kadakkal (Malayalam:കടയ്ക്കല്), is a historic town located in the eastern part of Kollam district, Kerala. It is five kilometres away from Nilamel, which is on Trivandrum – Angamaly State Highway (MC Road). State highway 64 passes through the town. The town is an important business centre and is known for its spice production.
Kadakkal is well known for the socio-revolutionary activities held in the Pre-independence period of India.The most important one of them is Kadakkal Revolution (Kadakkal Viplavam) led by Franco Raghavan Pillai.
Educational facilities available at Kadakkal
This area is also famous for its parallel education systems, which include:
Kadakkal town is an important business centre. Kadakkal Chantha (Market) is very famous, especially for its agrarian commodity business like coconut, arecanut, copra, tapioca, rubber, etc . Kadakkal Panchayat is a Special Grade Panchayat. It covers a vast geographical area with a huge population of Hindus and Muslims. Christians are very rare. Chithara, Nilamel, Ittiva, Kummil and Chadayamangalam are the neighboring Panchayats.
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Kaduthuruthy
Kaduthuruthy (some times spelt as Kaduthuruthi or Kaduturutti) (malayalam: കടുത്തുരുത്തി) is a small town in Kottayam District, Kerala, South India.
Kaduturuthy is located at 9°45′N 76°30′E / 9.75°N 76.50°E / 9.75; 76.50. It has an average elevation of 12 m (39 ft). The name Kaduthuruthy originated from ‘Kadal thuruth’ meaning near to the beach as it is believed that several centuries ago, the Arabian sea extended inward into the place, and that it receded due to a Tsunami.
Kaduthuruthy has a picturesque nature and ecosystem. It is a transit point between the hilly middle region of Kerala and backwater coastal land. The nearest main railway station is Kaduthuruthy.
The first Sandesh Kavyam (Message in Poetry) in Malayalam called "Unnuneeli Sandesham" gives an insight into the history of the place. The author is believed to be a member of one of the Travancore Royal Families. The work describes the grand harbour of the town in great detail, something amazing now as the sea is several miles away now. The sea is said to have receded some time in the 14th century possibly following an earthquake or a Tsunami.
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Kalamassery
Kalamassery' (Malayalam: കളമശ്ശേരി) is a region in the city of Kochi and a Municipality in the District of Ernakulam of Kerala state, India. It is a concentrated region of industrialization with several factories manufacturing chemicals and fertilizers, as well as IT companies. In the vicinity of Kalamassery are the Thrikkakara temple, the Cochin University of Science and Technology and the Eloor industrial township. The Periyar river flows through Kalamassery.
The name Kalamassery is derived from ‘Kalabasery’. Kalabasery was the place from where Kalabam was brought to Thrikkakara Temple. Later this Kalabasery changed its name into Kalamassery.
As of 2001 India census, Kalamassery had a population of 63,176. Sex ratio is 956 females per 1000 males. Kalamassery has an average literacy rate of 84%, which is well higher than the national average of 59.5%. Male literacy is 87%, and female literacy is 82%. In Kalamassery, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age. Although Muslims are the largest community, a sizable amount of the population follow Hinduism and Christianity.
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Kaliyakkavilai
Kaliyakkavilai is a panchayat town in Kanniyakumari district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
As of 2001[update] India census, Kaliyakkavilai had a population of 13,307. Males constitute 49% of the population and females 51%. Kaliyakkavilai has an average literacy rate of 77%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 81%, and female literacy is 74%. In Kaliyakkavilai, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Coordinates: 8°19′22″N 77°09′14″E / 8.32278°N 77.15389°E / 8.32278; 77.15389
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Kallada River
The Kallada River is one of two major rivers that flow through the Kollam District of Kerala, India. It originates on the Kulathupuzha hills near Ponmudi and travels for 121 km, flowing through Punalur, Pathanapuram, Kunnathur and Kallada before ending at Ashtamudi Lake. The Palaruvi Falls also feeds Kallada river.
Coordinates: 8°59′N 76°38′E / 8.983°N 76.633°E / 8.983; 76.633
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Kanhangad
Kanhangad (Malayalam: കാഞ്ഞങ്ങാട്) is a town and a municipality in Kasaragod District in the Indian state of Kerala. It is 28 km from the district headquarters of Kasaragod. Bekal Fort is a 300-year old fort, one of the largest and best preserved forts in Kerala and lies 10 km north of Kanhangad . The fort is believed to have been built by Ikkeri Shivappa Nayaka. A Hanuman temple is located at the entrance of the fort. The construction resembles the Portuguese fort at Kannur St.Angelo's Fort.
As of 2001[update] India census, Kanhangad had a population of 65,499. Males constitute 48% of the population and females 52%. Kanhangad has an average literacy rate of 78%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 83%, and female literacy is 74%. In Kanhangad, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age. The most widely spoken language is Malayalam. Other prominent languages spoken by communities living here include Konkani, Tulu and Kannada. A large GSB Brahmin community (who speaks Konkani) lives here. The famous Gowda Saraswat Brahmin temple, Lakshmi Venkatesh temple (LV temple) is also situated in Kanhangad. There is also a small Palghat Iyer Brahmin community which speaks a mix of Malayalam and Tamil.
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Kanjirappally
Kanjirappally (Malayalam: കാഞ്ഞിരപ്പള്ളി) is a taluk and a town in Kottayam district, in the state of Kerala, India. Rubber plantations are a major source of income for the local population. The place has a large population of Syrian Catholic Christians. The Christian colonization of Kanjirappally had a profound impact on the history of commerce and agriculture in these parts. The Christians claim their roots from early settlements at Nilakkal or Chayal on the banks of Pamba River. There is also a strong belief that the flourishing Christian community here was founded by Saint Thomas the Apostle himself. The place was in the forest recesses far away from seats of power. Nilakkal became an important depot for spices like pepper, cardamom etc. and the Christians were engaged in this lucrative trade as procures and sorters.
Kanjirappally is a small city that boasts of it religious harmony. The population is a mixture of Christians, Muslims, and Hindus.
One of the oldest and most famous church in the diocese of Kanjirappally. It was built in the 1449 AD, even 50 years before the Portuguese landed in Kerala.
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Kannur
Kannur pronunciation (help·info) (Malayalam: കണ്ണൂര്, Kaṇṇūr ?), also known as Cannanore, is a city in Kannur district in the Indian state of Kerala. It is the administrative headquarters of the District of Kannur and 518 km north of state capital Trivandrum. During British rule in India, Kannur was known by its old name Cannanore(Land of lord Krishna[citation needed]), which is still in fairly common usage. Kannur is the 6th largest city in Kerala, after Thiruvananthapuram, Ernakulam, Kozhikode, Thrissur and Kollam. It is the largest city of North Malabar region. Kannur Municipality was established in 1867 and is one of the oldest municipalities in Kerala.
Kannur is one of the Million Plus urban agglomerations in India with a population of 1,642,892 in 2011. Kannur is known as the Land of Looms and Lores, because of the loom industries functioning in the district and ritualistic folk arts held in temples. Kannur is famous for its pristine beaches; Theyyam, its native performing art, and its handloom industry.
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Kannur district
Kannur District (Malayalam: കണ്ണൂര് ജില്ല) is one of the 14 districts in the state of Kerala, India. The town of Kannur is the district headquarters, and gives the district its name. The old name Cannanore is the anglicised form of the Malayalam name Kannur. Kannur District is bounded by Kasaragod District to the north, Kozhikode District to the south and Wayanad District to the south-east. To the east the district is bounded by the Western Ghats, which forms the border with Karnataka State, in its district of Kodagu. The Arabian Sea lies to the west.
Kannur is the most urbanised district in Kerala, with more than 50% of its residents living in urban areas. Kannur has an urban population of 1,212,898, which is the second largest in Kerala after Ernakulam district.
Kannur District is known as the land of looms and lores, because of the loom industries functioning in the district and festivals held in temples. The district is a major centre of Theyyam, a ritual dance of northern Kerala. Small shrines known as kavus associated with the Theyyam dot the district. The district is set to have a new international airport. Kannur International Airport will be the fourth International Airport in Kerala.
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Kanyakumari district
Kanyakumari District (also spelled Kanniyakumari or Kanniakumari District) is a district of Tamil Nadu state, India, and is the southernmost land area of mainland India.
The district is the second most urbanised district in Tamil Nadu — next only to Chennai and ahead of Coimbatore - and is the second smallest of the 32 districts of Tamil Nadu. Kanyakumari shares it names with the town of Kanyakumari, which is at the tip of the Indian Peninsula and faces the Indian Ocean, but the administrative capital is Nagercoil. The district is also known as "The District of Ponds" or "The Lands End"
It was part of the princely state of Travancore until India's independence and it later formed a part of Travancore Cochin Presidency before the state of Kerala was formed. Subsequently, four of the eight taluks of Thiruvananthapuram district were separated to form the new district of Kanyakumari, and they were made a part of the Madras Presidency under recommendations from the States' Reorganisation Commission in 1956. The Presidency was later renamed as Tamil Nadu.
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Karavaloor
Karavaloor is a village in Pathanapuram Taluk of Kollam district in the state of Kerala, India.
As of 2001[update] India census, Karavaloor had a population of 23709 with 11334 males and 12375 females.
Karavaloor can also be written as karavalur. There is a history or myth behind the name Karavalur, which 'kara' is a word derived from name khara", demon who took his sword at this place yo fight aganist lord SREE RAM..... "Val"(Swod) "Uru" (place). The elaborated meaning of the name Karavalur in the language " Malayalam" means, "the place where DEMON KHARA took his sword" the shiva idol of peedika bhagavathy TEMPLE is considered to be installed by lord RAM..
Overview
Karavalur is a village located at Kollam district of Kerala.
Karavalur Panchayathu is located about 6 km from Punalur on Punalur Kulathupuzha or Punalur Thiruvananthapuram road.
The scenic beauty of the area is quite noteworthy, The place is filled with rubber trees (beauty of rubber trees and rubber palu), jack fruit trees and paddy fields. Karavalur is surrounded by small, but beautiful places like Poikayil Jn, Ayanicodu, Venjembu, and Mathra, where the Panchayathu administrative office as well as the village office also located. The serving Branch post office at Karavalur is located at the heart of Karavalur jn (PIN 691 318), which is apart from Mathra Post office The majority of the population are members of the Hindus or Christians or Muslims, where there are a minority of Knanaya Catholic community (CKP). St.Mary’s church in Tholicodu is famous for its perunnal (feast) on December 8, where the Knanaya crowd assemble and worship. Similarly St. Mary’s churches located at Karavalur and Adukkalamoola are also famous in its feasts, where Roman and Latin Catholics worship.
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Karunagapally
Karunagappally (or Karunagappalli, Malayalam: കരുനാഗപ്പള്ളി Karunāgappaḷḷi) is a gramapanchayath and [[municipality] in Kollam district, Kerala, India. Karunagappally is situated 27 km north to Kollam.
Karunagappally Taluk consists of 12 Panchayats : Karunagappally, Thodiyoor, Panmana, Alappad, Chavara, Neendakara, Thevalakkara, Thekkumbhagom, Kulasekharapuram, Thazhava, Clappana and Oachira. The taluk is bound on the north by Kayamkulam, east by Kunnathur taluk, south by Kollam and on the west by the Arabian Sea.
About 400 years back there lived in Malabar (now North Kerala) a famous Muslim cleric. He had a disciple called Ali Hassan who was a mystic. With the blessings of the cleric Ali Hassan set out on a trip to the south. He first reached Oachira and from there a place called Puthiyakavu. The area was covered with dense forests and was believed to have been the preserve of a deadly black serpent. Fearing the serpent, people stayed away from the place. But Ali Hassan approached the king and requested that he be given some land here. The king gave him the area occupied by the black serpent. As Hassan was clearing the forests, the black serpent appeared but he skilfully caged it and took it to the king. The serpent escaped from the cage causing panic in the royal circles but Hassan again managed to cage it and took it back to the forest where he set it free. That was the last anyone had seen the serpent. A happy king allowed Hassan to build a mosque (Palli) at the place.[citation needed]
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Karunagappalli
Karunagappally (or Karunagappalli, Malayalam: കരുനാഗപ്പള്ളി Karunāgappaḷḷi) is a gramapanchayath and [[municipality] in Kollam district, Kerala, India. Karunagappally is situated 27 km north to Kollam.
Karunagappally Taluk consists of 12 Panchayats : Karunagappally, Thodiyoor, Panmana, Alappad, Chavara, Neendakara, Thevalakkara, Thekkumbhagom, Kulasekharapuram, Thazhava, Clappana and Oachira. The taluk is bound on the north by Kayamkulam, east by Kunnathur taluk, south by Kollam and on the west by the Arabian Sea.
About 400 years back there lived in Malabar (now North Kerala) a famous Muslim cleric. He had a disciple called Ali Hassan who was a mystic. With the blessings of the cleric Ali Hassan set out on a trip to the south. He first reached Oachira and from there a place called Puthiyakavu. The area was covered with dense forests and was believed to have been the preserve of a deadly black serpent. Fearing the serpent, people stayed away from the place. But Ali Hassan approached the king and requested that he be given some land here. The king gave him the area occupied by the black serpent. As Hassan was clearing the forests, the black serpent appeared but he skilfully caged it and took it to the king. The serpent escaped from the cage causing panic in the royal circles but Hassan again managed to cage it and took it back to the forest where he set it free. That was the last anyone had seen the serpent. A happy king allowed Hassan to build a mosque (Palli) at the place.[citation needed]
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Karunagappally
Karunagappally (or Karunagappalli, Malayalam: കരുനാഗപ്പള്ളി Karunāgappaḷḷi) is a gramapanchayath and [[municipality] in Kollam district, Kerala, India. Karunagappally is situated 27 km north to Kollam.
Karunagappally Taluk consists of 12 Panchayats : Karunagappally, Thodiyoor, Panmana, Alappad, Chavara, Neendakara, Thevalakkara, Thekkumbhagom, Kulasekharapuram, Thazhava, Clappana and Oachira. The taluk is bound on the north by Kayamkulam, east by Kunnathur taluk, south by Kollam and on the west by the Arabian Sea.
About 400 years back there lived in Malabar (now North Kerala) a famous Muslim cleric. He had a disciple called Ali Hassan who was a mystic. With the blessings of the cleric Ali Hassan set out on a trip to the south. He first reached Oachira and from there a place called Puthiyakavu. The area was covered with dense forests and was believed to have been the preserve of a deadly black serpent. Fearing the serpent, people stayed away from the place. But Ali Hassan approached the king and requested that he be given some land here. The king gave him the area occupied by the black serpent. As Hassan was clearing the forests, the black serpent appeared but he skilfully caged it and took it to the king. The serpent escaped from the cage causing panic in the royal circles but Hassan again managed to cage it and took it back to the forest where he set it free. That was the last anyone had seen the serpent. A happy king allowed Hassan to build a mosque (Palli) at the place.[citation needed]
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Kasaragod district
Kasargod District (Malayalam: കാസര്ഗോഡ് ജില്ല)is one of the districts of the Indian state of Kerala. Kasargod District was organised as a separate district on 24 May 1984. It is the northernmost district of Kerala and is named after Kasaragod Town which is the administrative headquarters of the district.Kasargod is the northernmost district of Kerala and world renowned for its coir and hand loom industries. The district has a coastline of around 293 kilometers and that why the livelihood of Kasargod people mainly depends on fisheries.The district is popular with the forts, rivers, hillocks, beaches and shrines here. The Kasargod District is uniquely known for its Linguistics Culture and it is the best example for the "Linguistic Harmony".
To its south lies Kannur District[കണ്ണൂര് ജില്ല ] and to the north the Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka state. All along its east it is walled by the Western Ghats while along the west the Arabian Sea borders it. The district, covering an area of around 1992 km², has a population (2001 census) of 1,203,342 and has two taluks, namely, 75.13and Hosdurg; It has three municipalities (Kasargod, Kanhangad and Nileshwaram) and thirty-eight grama panchayats. The district is further sub-divided into six administrative segments called development blocks, namely, Manjeshwar, Kasaragod, Kanhangad, and Nileshwar, Parappa, Karadukka. Like other districts of Kerala, Kasargod district too has a high literacy rate, around 85.17% according to the 2001 census.
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Kasaragod Town
Kasaragod is a town and a municipality in Kasaragod district in the Indian state of Kerala. It is the administrative headquarters of Kasaragod district as well as of Kasaragod Taluk. Landmarks of note includes the famous Madhur Temple, Mallikkarjuna Temple, Theruvatthu Mosque, Chandragiri Fort, Malik Deenar Mosque and the Central Plantation Crops Research Institute.The Bekal Fort is also a major tourist attraction near Kasargod.
The ship building industry of Thalangara was well known in India. In the past years a number of ships were built here and sold in various states of India and exported to foreign countries. The Kasaragod economy is mainly agrarian; cash crops such as coconut, rubber are grown and commercially exploited. Other industries include tile manufacture, timber industry etc. Foreign investment or N.R.I Income is high in this part of the state.
Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI) was established in 1970 as one of the agricultural research institutes in the National Agricultural Research System (NARS) under the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR). The Coconut Research Station at Kasaragod in Kerala was initially established in 1916 by the then Government of Madras and subsequently it was taken over by the Indian Central Coconut Committee in 1948. (http://www.cpcri.gov.in/)
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Kattappana
Kattappana (Malayalam: കട്ടപ്പന),a town nestling on the lap of the Sahyadri (or Western Ghats) in Kerala, India is known as the spices capital of Kerala. It is the main commercial town in the high ranges of Idukki District and is situated 2660 feet above main sea level, in the High Ranges, the high altitude region of Kerala, India. It is a center for spices trade, particularly for cardamom and black pepper. The town is notable for the mountains, lakes, forests, wildlife and spices plantations (cardamom, black pepper, coffee and tea). Kattappana has a cool and salubrious climate and attracts tourists visiting Idukki Dam or Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary at Thekkadi or Munnar hill station .
It also has some well known educational institutions and hospitals.
Other towns and cities nearby are Kanchiyar, Ayyappankoil, Nedumkandam, Idukki, Kuttikkanam, Mundakayam, Thodupuzha, Elappara, Kumily and Theni (Tamil Nadu).
Based on the 2001 Census, Kattappana had 9000 households, with a total population of 39608, consisting of 19856 males and 19752 females.
Administration of the town is vested in the Grama Panchayath.
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Kerala
Kerala or Keralam /ˈkɛrələ/ is an Indian state located on the Malabar coast of south-west India. It was formed on 1 November 1956 by the States Reorganisation Act by combining various Malayalam speaking regions.
The state has an area of 38,863 km2 (15,005 sq mi) and is bordered by Karnataka to the north and northeast, Tamil Nadu to the east and south, and the Arabian Sea on the west. Thiruvananthapuram is the state capital. Kochi and Kozhikode are other major cities. According to a survey by The Economic Times, five out of ten best cities to live in India are located in Kerala.
Kerala has the highest Human Development Index in India, higher than that of most developed countries The state has the highest literacy rate in India with 93.91 percent. It hopes to be the first e-literate state in India through the state run Akshaya project. The state recently became and is currently the only one to have banking facilities in every village. A survey conducted in 2005 by Transparency International ranked Kerala as the least corrupt state in the country. Kerala is also ranked as India's cleanest state. Kerala has witnessed significant migration of its people, especially to the Persian Gulf countries during the Kerala Gulf boom and is heavily dependent on remittances from its large Malayali expatriate community.
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Kerala Backwaters
The Kerala backwaters are a chain of brackish lagoons and lakes lying parallel to the Arabian Sea coast (known as the Malabar Coast) of Kerala state in southern India. The network includes five large lakes linked by canals, both manmade and natural, fed by 38 rivers, and extending virtually half the length of Kerala state. The backwaters were formed by the action of waves and shore currents creating low barrier islands across the mouths of the many rivers flowing down from the Western Ghats range.
The Kerala Backwaters are a network of interconnected canals, rivers, lakes and inlets, a labyrinthine system formed by more than 900 km of waterways, and sometimes compared to the American Bayou. In the midst of this landscape there are a number of towns and cities, which serve as the starting and end points of backwater cruises. National Waterway No. 3 from Kollam to Kottapuram, covers a distance of 205 km and runs almost parallel to the coast line of southern Kerala facilitating both cargo movement and backwater tourism.
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Kerala backwaters
The Kerala backwaters are a chain of brackish lagoons and lakes lying parallel to the Arabian Sea coast (known as the Malabar Coast) of Kerala state in southern India. The network includes five large lakes linked by canals, both manmade and natural, fed by 38 rivers, and extending virtually half the length of Kerala state. The backwaters were formed by the action of waves and shore currents creating low barrier islands across the mouths of the many rivers flowing down from the Western Ghats range.
The Kerala Backwaters are a network of interconnected canals, rivers, lakes and inlets, a labyrinthine system formed by more than 900 km of waterways, and sometimes compared to the American Bayou. In the midst of this landscape there are a number of towns and cities, which serve as the starting and end points of backwater cruises. National Waterway No. 3 from Kollam to Kottapuram, covers a distance of 205 km and runs almost parallel to the coast line of southern Kerala facilitating both cargo movement and backwater tourism.
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Kochi
Kochi (Malayalam: കൊച്ചി, Kocci ?[koˈtʃːi] (
listen)), formerly Cochin, is a major port city on the west coast of India by the Arabian Sea. Kochi is part of the district of Ernakulam in the state of Kerala.
Kochi is often called by the name Ernakulam, which refers to the eastern part of the mainland Kochi. The civic body that governs the city is the Corporation of Cochin, which was constituted in the year 1967, and the statutory bodies that oversee its development are the Greater Cochin Development Authority and the Goshree Islands Development Authority.
The city of Kochi (pop. 601,574) is Kerala's largest city and is part of an extended metropolitan region (pop. 2.1 million), which is the largest urban agglomeration in Kerala. It is the most densely populated city in the state. Kochi city is also a part of Greater Cochin region and is classified as a B-1 grade city by the Government of India, making it the highest graded city in the state. Kochi ranks first in the total number of international and domestic tourists in Kerala. Kochi has been ranked the sixth best tourist destination in India according to a survey conducted by the Nielsen Company on behalf of the Outlook Traveller magazine.
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Kollam
Kollam, often anglicized as Quilon, is a city in the Indian state of Kerala. The city lies on the banks of Ashtamudi Lake on the Arabian sea coast and is situated about 71 kilometres (44 mi) north of the state capital, Thiruvananthapuram. It is the headquarters of Kollam district and a prominent trade and commercial city.
Kollam is the fourth-largest city in Kerala, after Thiruvananthapuram, Ernakulam, Kozhikode, {The new population is taken as city agglomeration} in Kerala on the basis of population and the fifth-largest city on the basis of area. It is known for cashew processing and coir manufacturing. It is considered to be the southern gateway to the backwaters of Kerala and is a prominent tourist destination. The Kollam urban area comprises the fast developing suburban towns such as Kottiyam in the south, Kundara in the east, and Chavara in the north of the city. Other important towns in the city suburbs are Paravur, Eravipuram, Kannanalore, and Anchalumoodu. Karunagapally, Chathannoor, and Kottarakkara are major towns within a distance of 25 km from Kollam city centre towards north, south, and east respectively.
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Kollam District
Kollam district (formerly Quilon) is one of 14 districts of the state of Kerala, India. The district has a cross-section of Kerala's natural attributes; it is endowed with a long coastline, a major Arabian Sea seaport and an inland lake (Ashtamudi Lake). Kollam is the capital of Kerala's cashew industry. Plains, mountains, lakes, lagoons and backwaters, forests, farmland and rivers make up the topography of the district. The area had trading relationships with Phoenicia and Ancient Rome. About 30 percent of the district is covered by Ashtamudi Lake, making it a gateway to the Kerala backwaters. The Thevalakara and Thekkumbagam panchyaths established the ancient korekini ("sea pointed inland") port of Tarsish in 1500 BC. Kollam is also known as The God's Own Capital.
Kollam district is located on the southwest coast of India, bordering Arabian Sea in the west, the state of Tamil Nadu in the east, Kerala district of Alappuzha in the north, Pathanamthitta in the northeast and Thiruvananthapuram in the south. It covers 2,492 square kilometres (962 sq mi), is the seventh-largest district in Kerala and is densely populated. Sasthamkotta Lake, the only freshwater lake in Kerala, is located in Kollam; this lake provides drinking water to the city of Kollam. Two major rivers (the Kallada and the Ithikkara) drain the district. Ashtamudi Lake and Paravur Kayal are two important lakes in the district. Ashtamudi Lake covers 30 percent of total area of the district. Kollam is located on Ashtamudi Lake. Neendakara, a major fishing port in southern Kerala, is also located on this scenic lake. Edava and Nadayara Lakes are also partly located in Kollam district.
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Kollam district
Kollam district (formerly Quilon) is one of 14 districts of the state of Kerala, India. The district has a cross-section of Kerala's natural attributes; it is endowed with a long coastline, a major Arabian Sea seaport and an inland lake (Ashtamudi Lake). Kollam is the capital of Kerala's cashew industry. Plains, mountains, lakes, lagoons and backwaters, forests, farmland and rivers make up the topography of the district. The area had trading relationships with Phoenicia and Ancient Rome. About 30 percent of the district is covered by Ashtamudi Lake, making it a gateway to the Kerala backwaters. The Thevalakara and Thekkumbagam panchyaths established the ancient korekini ("sea pointed inland") port of Tarsish in 1500 BC. Kollam is also known as The God's Own Capital.
Kollam district is located on the southwest coast of India, bordering Arabian Sea in the west, the state of Tamil Nadu in the east, Kerala district of Alappuzha in the north, Pathanamthitta in the northeast and Thiruvananthapuram in the south. It covers 2,492 square kilometres (962 sq mi), is the seventh-largest district in Kerala and is densely populated. Sasthamkotta Lake, the only freshwater lake in Kerala, is located in Kollam; this lake provides drinking water to the city of Kollam. Two major rivers (the Kallada and the Ithikkara) drain the district. Ashtamudi Lake and Paravur Kayal are two important lakes in the district. Ashtamudi Lake covers 30 percent of total area of the district. Kollam is located on Ashtamudi Lake. Neendakara, a major fishing port in southern Kerala, is also located on this scenic lake. Edava and Nadayara Lakes are also partly located in Kollam district.
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Konni, Kerala
Konni is a hilly town in the Pathanamthitta district, Kerala, India. Konni is known for its elephant cages, forests, and rubber plantations.
Konni is an important town on the Muvattupuzha-Punalur route. It is about 11 km from the district headquarters. It is an important center for cash crops like rubber, pepper, coffee and ginger which form the backbone of the agricultural economy of the state.[citation needed] Konni assembly constituency is part of Pathanamthitta (Lok Sabha constituency).
The lush green land has been prominent as a haven of wild elephants and as an elephant training centre. The large area of thick forest with wild animals has now made Konni emerge as another tourist spot for safaris and trekking.[citation needed] Konni is also known for its elephant rides. Konni is the gateway to the forest bordering the district. In the past, wild elephants caught from the forests were brought here and put in wooden cages known as 'Aanakoodu' (Elephant Cage) to be tamed and trained for work. In Kerala there are two elephant training centers, the other located at Kodanad.
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Kottarakara
Kottarakkara (Malayalam:കൊട്ടാരക്കര, IAST: Koṭṭārakkara), also transliterated as Kottarakara, is a town and taluk in Kollam District (formerly known as Quilon), in Kerala state, India. The town is close to the Kollam port which has a rich history linked to the early medieval period as well as a reputation for being an important commercial, industrial and trading center. It lies 27 kilometres (17 mi) to the east of Kollam city center and 18 kilometres (11 mi) to the west of Punalur city on National Highway 208/220.
Kottarakkara, also known in the ancient days of the kings as the Elayadathu Swarupam, was a principality ruled by a branch of the Travancore Royal Family. Its fame is also due to Kathakali, the famous dance drama which originated initially as Ramanattam created in the 17th century by Prince Kottarakkara Tampuran and later patronized by the Raja of Kottarakkara in early 19th century absorbing other dance forms of Krishnattam with further innovations. Other historical places of interest include the Ganapathi Temple and the over 700 year old Mar Thomas Church.
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Kottarakkara
Kottarakkara (Malayalam:കൊട്ടാരക്കര, IAST: Koṭṭārakkara), also transliterated as Kottarakara, is a town and taluk in Kollam District (formerly known as Quilon), in Kerala state, India. The town is close to the Kollam port which has a rich history linked to the early medieval period as well as a reputation for being an important commercial, industrial and trading center. It lies 27 kilometres (17 mi) to the east of Kollam city center and 18 kilometres (11 mi) to the west of Punalur city on National Highway 208/220.
Kottarakkara, also known in the ancient days of the kings as the Elayadathu Swarupam, was a principality ruled by a branch of the Travancore Royal Family. Its fame is also due to Kathakali, the famous dance drama which originated initially as Ramanattam created in the 17th century by Prince Kottarakkara Tampuran and later patronized by the Raja of Kottarakkara in early 19th century absorbing other dance forms of Krishnattam with further innovations. Other historical places of interest include the Ganapathi Temple and the over 700 year old Mar Thomas Church.
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Kottayam
Kottayam (Malayalam: കോട്ടയം) is a city in the Indian state of Kerala, spread over an area of 55.40 km2 and is the administrative capital of Kottayam district. Kottayam is located in south-central Kerala and has a population of 172,878 according to the 2001 census. . The city is approximately 150 km (93.2 mi) from the state capital, Thiruvananthapuram.
The city is an important trading center of spices and commercial crops, especially rubber. Major Kerala print media such as Malayala Manorama, Deepika and Mangalam are headquartered in the town. Also a pioneering center of modern education in Kerala, the city became India's first city to achieve 100% literacy in 1989 and the district became the first tobacco free district in India on September 28, 2008. The city of Kottayam is also known as Akshara Nagari (അക്ഷര നഗരി) (City of Alphabets) in honor of its contributions to print media and literature.
Kottayam district has acquired it's name from Kottayam town which is the headquarters of the district. It is believed that the name Kottaya is derived from the combination of Malayalam words kott (fort) and akam (inside), and could be translated as "the interior of the fort".
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Kottiyoor
Kottiyoor is small village situated in Kannur district, bordered by Wayanad district, in the Indian state of Kerala. A very ancient Siva Temple situated here attracts lakhs of devotees every year. The Bavali river, Paalukaachi hill, all are tourists places in Kottiyoor.
According to the Sthala Purana, it is supposed to be the location of the famous Yagna of Daksha, also called the Daksha Yagna or the Dakshayaagam.
The temple festival (utsav) begins every year by mid-May and lasts for 28 days. Ilaneer Veppu or submitting tender coconuts before the deity is an important ritual during the festival. Thousands of tender coconuts brought by hundreds of devotees from different parts of Malabar is submitted on a special day. The very next day is Ilaneerattam. On this day, main priest pours coconut water collected from the tender coconuts on the idol.
Devotees can reach from Kannur via Chalode Mattannur Iritty. Frequent bus services are available from Thalassery and Kannur.Akkare Kottiyoor temple is open only during the annual festival whereas the Ekkare Kottiyoor temple is open for 11 months.
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Koyilandi
Koyilandy (or Quilandy/Quilandi) is a city and a municipality in Kozhikode district in North Malabar region of the Indian state of Kerala. This town is between Calicut and Vatakara(Badagara) and is on NH 17. It is sometimes identified with Tyndis in Periplus of the Erythraean Sea. The freedom fighter K. Kelappan was born in a near-by village, Muchukunnu.[citation needed]
Koyilandy is located at 11°26′N 75°42′E / 11.43°N 75.70°E / 11.43; 75.70. It has an average elevation of 2 m (6.6 ft).
As of 2001[update] India census, Quilandy had a population of 68,970. Males constitute 48% of the population and females 52%. Quilandy has an average literacy rate of 83%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 86%, and female literacy is 80%. In Quilandy, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Koyilandy hookahs, traditional smoking pipes, of Calicut made in Koyilandy were famous across North India, Gulf and Pakistan. Prepared by Moosari, a coppersmith community, these Hookahs were once considered a pride of Koyilandy. However it is not so any more. But in Gulf countries, Koyilandy hookahs are still very popular as "Malabar Hookah".
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Koyilandy
Koyilandy (or Quilandy/Quilandi) is a city and a municipality in Kozhikode district in North Malabar region of the Indian state of Kerala. This town is between Calicut and Vatakara(Badagara) and is on NH 17. It is sometimes identified with Tyndis in Periplus of the Erythraean Sea. The freedom fighter K. Kelappan was born in a near-by village, Muchukunnu.[citation needed]
Koyilandy is located at 11°26′N 75°42′E / 11.43°N 75.70°E / 11.43; 75.70. It has an average elevation of 2 m (6.6 ft).
As of 2001[update] India census, Quilandy had a population of 68,970. Males constitute 48% of the population and females 52%. Quilandy has an average literacy rate of 83%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 86%, and female literacy is 80%. In Quilandy, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Koyilandy hookahs, traditional smoking pipes, of Calicut made in Koyilandy were famous across North India, Gulf and Pakistan. Prepared by Moosari, a coppersmith community, these Hookahs were once considered a pride of Koyilandy. However it is not so any more. But in Gulf countries, Koyilandy hookahs are still very popular as "Malabar Hookah".
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Kozhencherry
Kozhencherry is a census town in Pathanamthitta district of Central Travancore region (South Central Kerala) in Kerala state, South India. It is on the banks of river Pampa. It is a commercial centre with many of the Banks and trade companies have their establishments here. It is believed that once the Kovilans of Thekencore kingdom's ruled this area. Kozhencherry used to be a part of the erstwhile Travancore kingdom.
The district headquarters Pathanamthitta municipality is in the Kozhencherry Taluk. The other taluks are Tiruvalla, Mallapally, Ranni, and Adoor.
North, River Pampa; South, Thekkemala; East, Cherukole and West, Maramon.
Till the 19th century there were no proper roads in this area. The form of transportation was by boats. So the main market of Kozhencherry is near the river.
Now there are proper roads leading to all the small villages nearby. The T.K. Road (Tiruvalla-Pathanamthitta-Kumbazha Road/SH - 07) and M.K. Road (Mavelikkara-Kozhencherry Road) connects the town to other major towns. A bridge connecting Kozhencherry and Maramon was opened in 1948.
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Kozhikode
Kozhikode (Malayalam: കോഴിക്കോട് [koːɻikːoːɖ] ( listen), also known as Calicut, is a city in the state of Kerala in southern India on the Malabar Coast. Kozhikode is the third largest city in Kerala and is part of the second largest urban agglomeration in Kerala with a metropolitan population of 2,030,519 as per 2011 census.It is the headquarters of the Kozhikode district.
During classical antiquity and the middle ages, Kozhikode was dubbed the "City of Spices" for its role as the major trading point of eastern spices. It was the capital of an independent kingdom of the same name ruled by the Samoothiris (Zamorins) in middle ages and later of the erstwhile Malabar district under British rule. Muslim Arab merchants traded with Kozhikode as early as 7th century, and Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama landed at Kozhikode on May 20, 1498. A Portuguese factory and fort was intact in Kozhikode for short period (1511–1525, until the Fall of Calicut), the English landed in 1615 (constructed a trading post in 1665), followed by the French (1698) and the Dutch (1752). In 1765, Mysore captured Kozhikode as part of his occupation.
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Kozhikode district
Kozhikode District (Malayalam: കോഴിക്കോട് ജില്ല), formerly Calicut, is a district of Kerala state, situated on the southwest coast of India. The city of Kozhikode, also known as Calicut, is the district headquarters. The district is 38.25% urbanised. [2]
Kozhikode district is bordered by the districts of Kannur to the north, Wayanad to the east, and Malappuram to the south.The Arabian Sea lies to the west. It is situated between latitudes 11° 08'N and 11° 50'N and longitudes 75° 30'E and 76° 8'E.
The district is divided into three taluks; Vadakara, Koyilandy, and Kozhikode and One Revenue Division ,Kozhikode.
Present-day Kozhikode District was among the territories ceded to the British East India Company by Tipu Sultan of Mysore in 1792, at the conclusion of the Third Anglo-Mysore War. The newly-acquired British possessions on the Malabar Coast were organized into Malabar District, which included present-day districts of Kannur, Kozhikode, Malappuram, Palakkad, and Wayanad. Calicut served as the administrative headquarters of the district. Malabar District was part of the Madras Presidency, a province of British India.
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Kulathupuzha
Kulathupuzha is a village in the Kollam district of Kerala state, India. This town is situated on the Thiruvananthapuram - Shenkottai road. Kulathupuzha is 62 km away from Thiruvananthapuram and 64 km away from Kollam.
Kulathupuzha is the birthplace of the Malayalam music legend Raveendran
Kulathupuzha is well known for the Sastha temple.The presiding deity at the Kulathupuzha Temple is known as Bala Sastha who is Lord Hariharaputra. The Vishu Mahotsavam in April is the most important festival of this temple.
Kulathupuzha forms a part of the southern most reserve forests of the State, falling in the SOI sheet No. 58 H/1. Kulathupuzha reserve covers an area under 1000 km2. Its forest constitutes predominantly of tropical wet - and semi - evergreens and moist deciduous types. Apart from settlements some parts are occupied by Forest departmental plantations mainly of teak, eucalyptus and acacia. The plantations are grown by planting saplings on cleared natural forests. Plantations are raised to sustain and supplement the timber needs of a few industries in the State. popularly known as the rakoodu estate (Rock Wood estate) is near kulathupuzha. Senthurini Wilde Life Sanctuary is near Kulathupuzha.
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Kumbanad
Kumbanad is a place in koipuram panchyath Pathanamthitta district of Kerala state, in India. It is a part of Thiruvalla Taluk. It is situated on the Sabarimala pilgrimage route on the Thiruvalla - Kumbazha road (TK road / Sh-07). Kumbanad is one of the wealthiest settlement in India. It has also the highest number of Christian houses of worship in India, estimated to be around fifty, for the area of its size.
Kumbanad is derived from two words in malayalam Kumbhi and Nadu, which together means the 'Land of elephants'. It is believed that many wild animals and elephants roamed about this place a hundred years back.
It is believed that several centuries before, Kumbanad was a prosperous village occupied by upper caste Hindus. The many fresh water tanks found in and around Kumbanad are attributed to that period. The community perished possibly by invading tribesmen and the land turned into a forest inhabited by wild animals and elephants.
Remittance from NRIs is the primary source of income. The high amount of remittance makes Kumbanad the wealthiest region in the country. High number of ATMs and high bank density are also attributed to the large bank deposits. As of 2009, the deposits in banks for Kumband and around are estimated to be
5,400 Crore.
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Kumily
Kumily (Malayalam:കുമിളി) is a town in the Cardamom Hills near Thekkady and the Periyar Tiger Reserve, in the Idukki District of Kerala State in South India. It is a major tourist destination and a spices trading center.
With nearby Periyar Tiger Reserve and Thekkady lake, Kumily also has attracted tourist traffic.
Kumily is a busy town throughout the year. May it be Sabarimala devotees (Oct to Jan) or Tourists (Feb to Sep) or Workers from the districts (any time) Kumily welcomes & attracts everyone with its charm and warmth.
The nearest Airport is Madurai (125 km) and Railway Station is Madurai to Theni(under BG conversion) . The famous pilgrim Centre Sabarimala is 150 km from Kumily (by NH proper route).
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Kunnathoor Padi
Kunnathur Padi is the Aaroodam[clarification needed] of Sree Muthappan. It is in the Kannur District of Kerala state, South India. It is 3,000 feet above sea level, atop Udumbamala of the Sahyadri mountains.
The Kunnathur Padi festival is conducted here, but there is no temple for Sree Muthappan. The festival takes place in a natural setting because Sree Muthappan said that "fallen leaves, a spring, a large mountain, a round stone, forest and palm trees are enough for Me."
There is an open place and a cave in the middle of the forest. During the festival season, a temporary madappura is erected here, which is called Sreekovil. On the west side of this madappura, there is a stone, a rock stand and a mud platform. On each side of the cave there is a palm tree. On the north side, there is a spring called Thiruvankadavu. Beyond that is Aadipadi.
Thanthries do the purifying rituals (Sudhi, Pasudanam, Punyaham, Ganapati homam and Bhagavathiseva). The Malayirakkal (invoking) of Sri Muthappan is done by Puralimala. In all other madappuras, this is done by Kunnathurpadi.
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Kuravilangad
Kuravilangad (in Malayalam : കുറവിലങ്ങാട്) is a town located in the Kottayam district of Kerala, India. The town is situated in the Meenachil Taluk, about 22 km north of Kottayam, and is located near the town of Ettumanoor and places like Kozha, Kalathoor, Kalikave,Kurichithanam,mannakkanadu, Vempally, Marangattupally, Kurianad, Monippally, Vakkadu Elackad and Kanjirathanam. Kalathoor is located within 6 km from Kuravilangad.
The church at Kuravilangad was constructed in the third century, just one hundred years before Constantine declared Christianity as the official religion in the Roman Empire.
The land is blessed by the esteemed presence of St. Mary’s Forane Church, which was built in 105 AD. It is believed, Mother Mary's first appearance in the world, was in Kuravilangad.[citation needed] Our Lady appeared to a few children at Kuravilangad, who were tending their flock in the bushes. Our Lady asked them to build a church at the place from where a miraculous perpetual spring sprouted, a spring which exists even today. The children reported the events to the elders and a church was built there. The church is noted for its old bell, which contains inscriptions in Syriac (Aramaic). These inscriptions read Emma D'Allaha which translates as 'Mother of God'. Another significant artifact is a model of a ship made from wood.[citation needed]
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Kuwait
Kuwait, officially the State of Kuwaiti/kuːˈweɪt/ (Arabic: دولة الكويت, Dawlat al-Kuwayt) is a sovereign Arab state situated in the north-east of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south at Khafji, and Iraq to the north at Basra. It lies on the north-western shore of the Persian Gulf. The name Kuwait is derived from the Arabic أكوات ākwāt, the plural of كوت kūt, meaning a fortress built near water. The country covers an area of 17,820 square kilometers (6,880 sq mi) and has a population of about 3.5 million.
Historically, the region was the site of Characene, a major Parthian port for trade between Mesopotamia and India. The Bani Utbah tribe were the first permanent Arab settlers in the region, and laid the foundation of the modern emirate. By the 19th century, Kuwait came under the influence of the Ottoman Empire, and after World War I, it emerged as an independent sheikhdom under the protection of the British Empire. Kuwait's large oil fields were discovered in the late 1930s.
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Lokanarkavu Temple
Coordinates: 11°36′2″N 75°38′2″E / 11.60056°N 75.63389°E / 11.60056; 75.63389
Lokanarkavu Temple is in Memunda 4 km from Vatakara, in Kozhikode (Calicut) District, North Malabar region of Kerala state of south India. Lokanarkavu is a short form of Lokamalayarkavu which means lokam (world) made of mala (mountain), aaru (river) and kavu (grove). It is the official family temple of the 500 Aryan Nagariks[citation needed] who had migrated to Kerala and their successors. The closest railway station is at Vadakara,which is 5 km from temple. Te nearest airport is Calicut airport which is 87 km away.
Pooram is the important festival here and it is conducted with great pomp and show. The week-long festival begins with Kodiyettam (flag hoisting) and concludes with Arattu. The temple dedicated to goddess Durga has great historical importance as Thacholi Othenan, the legendary martial hero of Kerala, used to worship here every day.
Thirty days Mandala Utsavam in Malayalam month Vrischikam (November-December) and pooram in Malayalam month meenam (March-April) are the annual festival at the Lokanarkavu Bhagavathy Temple. This is the only temple where a peculiar folk dance called Poorakkali is presented during festivals. The dance, resembles the martial art Kalarippayattu. Even today, all Kalaripayattu artists seek the blessings of the deity before their debut due to the association of Lokanarkavu Temple with legendary hero thacholi othenan.
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Madras
Chennai /ˈtʃɛnaɪ/, formerly Madras /məˈdræs/, is the capital city of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Located on the Coromandel Coast off the Bay of Bengal, it is a major commercial, cultural, and educational centre in South India, while the port of Chennai is the second largest port in India. As of the 2011 census, the city had 4.68 million residents making it the sixth most populous city in India; the urban agglomeration, which comprises the city and its suburbs, was home to approximately 8.9 million, making it the fourth most populous metropolitan area in the country.
Although the area has been part of successive South Indian kingdoms through centuries, the recorded history of the city began in the colonial times, specifically with the arrival of British East India Company and the establishment in 1644 of Fort St George, an English settlement. The British defended several attacks from the French colonial forces, and from the kingdom of Mysore, on Chennai's way to become a major naval port and presidency city by late eighteenth century. Following the independence of India, Chennai became the capital of Tamil Nadu and a hotbed of regional politics that tended to bank on Dravidian identity of the populace. Chennai had become a bustling metropolis with beautiful classical and colonial European styled buildings, lining the city’s thoroughfares.
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Mallapally
Malapally or Mallappally ( മല്ലപ്പള്ളി ) is a taluk in Pathanamthitta district of Kerala state, India.
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The Mallappally taluk holds one of the oldest Stone temples in India located in Kaviyoor. Mallappally Convention was started in 1912, an ancient gathering of the Malakara Christian Community, mainly communities of Mar Thoma and CSI. Shiva Rathri, a major Hindu festival is also held here. VBS (Vacation Bible School) was first introduced at Mallappally, Kerala during 1953-56 by the CSI Missionaries. Rev.George Matthan Mission Hospital (named after the well-known Malayalam writer and priest George Mathan) serves as a medical hub in the society with no other standard medical institutions within a radius of 16 km. The nearest railway station is Thiruvalla Railway Station is 12 km and Chenganaserry is 15 km.
The Pathicadu Church
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Mallappally
Malapally or Mallappally ( മല്ലപ്പള്ളി ) is a taluk in Pathanamthitta district of Kerala state, India.
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The Mallappally taluk holds one of the oldest Stone temples in India located in Kaviyoor. Mallappally Convention was started in 1912, an ancient gathering of the Malakara Christian Community, mainly communities of Mar Thoma and CSI. Shiva Rathri, a major Hindu festival is also held here. VBS (Vacation Bible School) was first introduced at Mallappally, Kerala during 1953-56 by the CSI Missionaries. Rev.George Matthan Mission Hospital (named after the well-known Malayalam writer and priest George Mathan) serves as a medical hub in the society with no other standard medical institutions within a radius of 16 km. The nearest railway station is Thiruvalla Railway Station is 12 km and Chenganaserry is 15 km.
The Pathicadu Church
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Mandaikadu
Mandaikadu is a panchayat town in Kanniyakumari district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
As of 2001[update] India census, Mandaikadu(www.mandaikadu.in) had a population of 12,349. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Mandaikadu has an average literacy rate of 76%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 78%, and female literacy is 75%. In Mandaikadu, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Coordinates: 8°13′59″N 77°19′33″E / 8.23306°N 77.32583°E / 8.23306; 77.32583
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Mandrothuruth
Munroe Island (or Mundrothuruthu, Manrothuruthu, Munroethuruth) is located at the confluence of Ashtamudi Lake and the Kallada River, in Kollam district, Kerala, South India. The island, accessible by road, rail and inland water navigation, is about 25 kilometres (16 mi) from Kollam by road, 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) west from Kundara and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) from Karunagapally.
The place is named in honour of Resident Colonel John Munro of the former Princely State of Travancore. The island measures 13.4 square kilometres (5.2 sq mi) in area.
In 1795 the British established their supremacy in South India and Kerala came under their governance. From 1800 onwards, in order to maintain British Supremacy in Kerala, a Resident was appointed by the British Administrative head. The First Resident was Colonel Collin Macaulay, followed by Colonel John Munro. During Munro’s tenure, a senior priest of the Malankara Church, Pulikottil Joseph Kathanar, expressed his desire to establish a seminary for training priests and a place to settle the newly converted Christians. Thus the place was named after Colonel John Munro by the locals.
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Marthandam
Marthandam is a major trade centre in Kuzhithurai municipality across National Highway (NH 47) in the Kanyakumari district of Tamil Nadu, India, closer to Kerala. Originally called Thoduvetty, it was a portion of Kanyakumari district which was added to the state of Tamil Nadu on November 1, 1956. The name Marthandam originates from the breast tax levied by the erstwhile Travancore Kingdom (Mar=breast; thandam=tax). Marthandam thus refers to 'the place where breast tax was collected'. However, many confuse it with Marthanda Varma, a Travancore King whose name has got nothing to do with Marthandam [1].
Marthandam is famous for honey, cashew nut processing, rubber and hand-embroidered motifs. The area is full of greenery, and there is a river adjoining. It is also a major trade centre due to its location bordering Kerala.Lush paddy fields,Coconut trees, highlands, hills and hillocks, rubber plantations and places associated with many legends given Martandam the enviable title.
Marthandam is strategically located. It is one of the most fertile lands of Tamil Nadu and has the climatic conditions of Kerala. It has a railway line connecting the capital of Kerala, Trivandrum, with the southernmost tip of India, Kanyakumari. The station is still called Kuzhithurai. Marthandam is well connected to chennai,mumbai,bangalore by rail service also bus service setc to all over Tamil Nadu.
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Mavilayi
Mavilayi is a census town in Kannur district in the Indian state of Kerala. Situated in Peralasseri Panchayath on Kannur-Kuthuparamba State Highway, 15 km away from Kannur Town
As of 2001[update] India census, Mavilayi had a population of 11,953. Males constitute 47% of the population and females 53%. Mavilayi has an average literacy rate of 84%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 87%, and female literacy is 82%. In Mavilayi, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Maavila Kaavu near Maavilayi is an old feudal settlement in Kannur and is famous for annual celebrations of Adiyutsavam - a mock war festival. Renowned kerala communist leader A.K.Gopalan was born in Mavilayi
Mavilayi More Info
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Mundakayam
Mundakayam (Malayalam: മുണ്ടക്കയം) is a small town in Kottayam District of Kerala state, South India. It is the gateway to the high ranges of Kerala, and is at the border of Kottayam and Idukki districts. It is here that the high ranges of south Kerala start. It is one of the most developed towns in Kerala, with rubber plantations, and greenery. The river Manimala runs through Mundakayam. Nearby locations include Panchalimedu, Kuttikkanam, 15 km drive from Mundakayam town and is around 3500 feet above sea level, Peermade and Thekkady.
Mundakayam is exactly 55 km from Kottayam to the East and 56 km from Kumily to the West. The NH 220 (Kollam - Theni National Highway) passes through Mundakayam.Mundakayam is a land of coffee, pepper, cocoa and natural rubber. The rubber plantations in India had originated from Mundakayam, which was introduced by Mr. J.J.Murphy around 1910. An All India Agricultural & Industrial Exhibition was held here in 1967 which was inaugurated by Hindi film maestro Sunil Dutt. Malayala Manorama Daily once listed Mundakayam as the place with the highest cost of living in India. It is still included in the list of places whose consumer price indices are published by the Indian government Union Labour Ministry at regular intervals.
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Munnar
Munnar is a hill station in Kerala and in southern India. Munnar is located on the Western Ghats, situated in the Idukki.
The name Munnar is believed to mean "three rivers", referring to the town's strategic location at the confluence of the Madhurapuzha, Nallathanni and Kundaly rivers. The town has shared a strong cultural link with Tamil Nadu.
The Munnar town is in Kannan Devan Hills ( KDH ) Village in Devikulam taluk and is the largest panchayat in the Idukki district having an area measuring nearly 557 km².
The nearest major railway stations are at Ernakulam and Aluva (approximately 120 km by road). The nearest airport is Cochin International Airport, which is 140 km away.
The region in and around Munnar varies in height from 1,450 meters (4,760 ft) to 2,695 meters (8,842 ft) above mean sea level. Munnar enjoys a salubrious climate. The temperature ranges between 5 °C (41 °F) and 25 °C (77 °F) in winter and 15 °C (59 °F) and 25 °C (77 °F) in summer. Temperatures as low as −4 °C (25 °F) have been recorded in the Sevenmallay region of Munnar.The mean maximum daily temperature is at its lowest during the monsoon months with the highest temperature being 19 C.
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Munroethuruth
Munroe Island (or Mundrothuruthu, Manrothuruthu, Munroethuruth) is located at the confluence of Ashtamudi Lake and the Kallada River, in Kollam district, Kerala, South India. The island, accessible by road, rail and inland water navigation, is about 25 kilometres (16 mi) from Kollam by road, 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) west from Kundara and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) from Karunagapally.
The place is named in honour of Resident Colonel John Munro of the former Princely State of Travancore. The island measures 13.4 square kilometres (5.2 sq mi) in area.
In 1795 the British established their supremacy in South India and Kerala came under their governance. From 1800 onwards, in order to maintain British Supremacy in Kerala, a Resident was appointed by the British Administrative head. The First Resident was Colonel Collin Macaulay, followed by Colonel John Munro. During Munro’s tenure, a senior priest of the Malankara Church, Pulikottil Joseph Kathanar, expressed his desire to establish a seminary for training priests and a place to settle the newly converted Christians. Thus the place was named after Colonel John Munro by the locals.
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Muthappan Temple
Muthappan Temple is located in the Kannur District of North Malabar region in Kerala state, South India, on the banks of the Valapattam river. It is dedicated to Sree Muthappan, the most popular local deity.
As a boy, Muthappan was rebellious. He was a great hunter and would skin the animals that he killed and wear their skins as clothes. One day, He came across a coconut tree that was being tapped for toddy. He climbed the tree and emptied the jar that was holding the toddy. When the toddy tapper returned and saw Muthappan, he immediately challenged his behavior. Muthappan turned the man to stone for daring to address such a powerful deity in that manner. During performances of the Muthappan theyyam, the performer consumes the toddy liquor and passes it around to the spectators. Hence, Muthappan "breaks" the rules by allowing alcohol onto temple grounds. The rituals of the temple are done by the priests from the Thiyya community of malabar.
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Muvattupuzha
Muvattupuzha (Malayalam: മുവാറ്റുപുഴ) is a municipality in Ernakulam district in the Indian state of Kerala. It is a junction of three districts namely Ernakulam, Kottayam and Idukki. The town is bordered by Kottayam district on southern side and Idukki district on eastern side approximately 20 km from the town. Muvattupuzha is situated 42 km northeast of Kochi city on NH 49 (Cochin-Madurai-Rameshwaram national highway) and lies on the popular Cochin-Munnar hill station tourist route.
Muvattupuzha was part of the Vadakkumkoor Kingdom until it was captured by the Travancore Kingdom, now merged into the state of Kerala. Old documents show that the lands of Muvattupuzha belonged to ‘Edappally Swaroopam’, but were later transferred to ‘Manas’ (Brahmin Families).
According to tradition, St. Thomas, the Apostle of Jesus Christ who introduced Christianity to India is believed to have visited this region. The St. Mary's Church of Arakuzha has a recorded history of over 1000 years, making it one of the oldest churches in Kerala. It is known for its paintings and sculptures. Muvattupuzha was also known as " Arakuzha Pakuthi"(half of arakuzha)
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Neendakara
Neendakara is a village in Kollam district 9 km north of Kollam city in Kerala, India. It is Kollam district's intermediate fishing port.
When Portuguese traders settled in Kollam (then Quilon) in the early 16th century, their ships passed through the Neenadakara bar, now the site of Neendakara Bridge, part of National Highway 47, which connects the village to Shakthikulangara across Ashtamudi Lake. In Malayalam, Neendakara means "a long bank".
The headquarters of the Indo-Norwegian Fisheries Community project, established in 1953, was based in Neendakara until 1961, when the site was handed over to the Government of Kerala.
Neendakara is located at 8°56′19.18″N 76°32′25.19″E / 8.9386611°N 76.5403306°E / 8.9386611; 76.5403306.
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Neiyyur
Neiyyur is a panchayat town in Kanniyakumari district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
As of 2001[update] India census, Neiyyur had a population of 9479. Males constitute 49% of the population and females 51%. Neiyyur has an average literacy rate of 83%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 83%, and female literacy is 82%. In Neiyyur, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Coordinates: 8°12′N 77°18′E / 8.2°N 77.3°E / 8.2; 77.3
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Nelliampathi
Nelliampathi is a popular hill station 60 km away from Palakkad in Kerala, a small state in south India. It is surrounded by tea and coffee plantations and has excellent weather conditions. The journey to Nelliampathi itself is an experience. The only route is from Nemmara, from where the first town of Nelliampathi, namely Kaikatty junction, is at a distance of 26 km. At the 9th kilometer is the Pothundi Dam, a small irrigation dam which provides water for the rice fields in the surrounding area. The dam is at the foot of the Nelliampathi hills. From here, the road winds up for the next 17 km, with many hairpin turns on the way. Immediately after Pothundy dam, comes the government forest, where one can see massive teak trees. The road is very narrow and requires a skilled driver behind the wheel. On the way, one can see wild animals like monkey, deer and porcupine. The view of the Pothundy dam from the height is a breathtaking sight. There will be many waterfalls by the roadside during the rainy season.
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Nevada
Nevada (i/nəˈvædə/ or /nəˈvɒdə/) is a state in the western, mountain west, and southwestern regions of the United States. Nevada is the 7th most extensive, the 35th most populous, and the 9th least densely populated of the 50 United States. Over two-thirds of Nevada's people live in one single county, Clark County, which contains the Las Vegas–Paradise metropolitan area, where the state's three largest incorporated cities are located. Nevada's capital is Carson City.
Nevada is largely desert and semiarid, with much of it located within the Great Basin. Areas south of the Great Basin are located within the Mojave Desert, while Lake Tahoe and the Sierra Nevada mountains lie on the western edge. Approximately 86% of the state's land is owned by the US government under various jurisdictions, both civilian and military.
The name Nevada is derived from the nearby Sierra Nevada mountains, which means "snow-capped mountain range" in Spanish. The land comprising the modern state was inhabited by Native Americans of the Paiute, Shoshone, and Washoe tribes prior to European contact. It was subsequently claimed by Spain as a part of Alta California until the Mexican War of Independence brought it under Mexican control. The United States gained the territory in 1848 following its victory in the Mexican-American War and the area was eventually incorporated as part of Utah Territory in 1850. The discovery of silver at the Comstock Lode in 1859 led to a population boom that was an impetus to the creation of Nevada Territory out of western Utah Territory in 1861. Nevada became the 36th state on October 31, 1864.
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Nileshwaram
Nileshwaram (Malayalam: നീലേശ്വരം), also known as Nileshwar, is a municipality and a town in Kasaragod District of Kerala state, South India. It is one of the three municipalities of Kasaragod district, the other two being Kasaragod and Kanhangad. Nileshwar is the third major town in kasargod district. Nileshwaram lies between two rivers, Nileshwaram and Karyangodu. To the west is the Arabian Sea.
The name "Nileshwaram" comes from one of the names of Lord Shiva, Neelakanteshwaran ("Blue-necked One"), or from Neelakandeswaran, denoting land of Lord Siva. There is another story that the place was named so after Sage Neela, who installed the deity of Lord Siva thousands of years ago.
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Nilgiris (mountains)
The Nilgiri (Tamil: நீலகிரி, Badaga: நீலகி:ரி or blue mountains), often referred to as the Nilgiri Hills, are a range of mountains with at least 24 peaks above 2,000 metres (6,600 ft), in the westernmost part of Tamil Nadu state at the junction of Karnataka and Kerala states in Southern India. They are part of the larger Western Ghats mountain chain making up the southwestern edge of the Deccan Plateau.
The hills are separated from the Karnataka plateau to the north by the Moyar River and from the Anaimalai Hills and Palni Hills to the south by the Palghat Gap. The Nilgiris District of Tamil Nadu lies within these mountains. Its latitudinal and longitudinal dimensions are 130 km (Latitude: 11° 08' to 11° 37' N) by 185 km (Longitude: 76° 27' E to 77° 4' E). Central location is: 11°22′30″N 76°45′30″E / 11.375°N 76.75833°E / 11.375; 76.75833. It has an area of 2,479 square kilometres (957 sq mi).
The Western Ghats, Nilgiri Sub-Cluster (6,000+ km²), including all of Mukurthi National Park in the south-eastern corner of the Nilgiris, is under consideration by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee for selection as a World Heritage Site.
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North Malabar
North Malabar (Malayalam: ഉത്തര മലബാര്/വടക്കേ മലബാര്), is a historic as well as geographic distinction in India used to refer the area covering; present Kasaragod and Kannur Districts, Mananthavady taluk of Wayanad District and Koyilandy & Vatakara taluks of Kozhikode District in modern Kerala and the entire Mahé Sub-Division of Union Territory of Pondicherry.
Majority of North Malabar (except Mahé) remained as one of the two administrative divisions of Malabar District (an administrative district of British India under Madras Presidency) till 1947 and later part of India's Madras State till 1956. Mahé remained under French jurisdiction until 13 June 1954. On November 1, 1956, the state of Kerala was formed by the States Reorganisation Act merging the Malabar District, Travancore-Cochin [excluding four southern taluks, which were merged with Tamil Nadu], and the of Kasaragod taluk of South Kanara District.
The area of North Malabar begins at Korapuzha in the south and ends at Manjeshwaram in the north of Kerala and traditionally comprises erstwhile princely principalities and fiefdoms of Kolathu Nadu, Kadatha Nadu and southern parts of Tulu Nadu.
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Padanilam
Padanilam is a small town located near Nooranad in the Alappuzha district of Kerala. The word Padanilam means "land of war" (pada means "war" and nilam means "land").It is located on the banks of river Achankovil. The Padanilam temple is one of the important centres of worship in Kerala. The place witnessed war between the Kayamkulam kingdom and the Pandalam kingdom.
The Nooranad Grama Panchayath office is situated in Padanilam.
Padanilam has an average elevation of 4 m (13 ft). Padanilam (Nooranad)is bounded by VenmonyPanchayath on the north, Pandalam & Palamel on the east, Mavelikkara thamarakulam on the south and Chunakkara & Thazhakara,Kerala on the west.
Padanilam is situated on Para-Edapppon-Pandalam road. It is about 17 km away from Kayamkulam Town and about 7 km from Pandalam Town. There are many private and KSRTC buses that run along this route. The buses through Padanilam are plying from the private and KSRTC bus stands of Kayamkulam and Pandalam. There are buses from Pandalam, Kayamkulam, Pathanamthitta, Konni, Mavelikkara, Oachira, Karunagapally, etc., passing through Padanilam. Padanilam is situated on the Kayamkulam-Kattanam-Vetticaud-Charummood-Padanilam-Edappon-Pandalam-Pathanamthitta bus route.
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Pallikunnu
Pallikkunnu is a small township in Kannur, Kerala state, in South India. It is located outside the Kannur Town municipal limits, on the National Highway between Kannur and Payyannur. It is three kilometers away from Kannur Town.
Pallikunnu houses several educational institutions, including Sreepuram English Medium School , the Krishna Menon Memorial Government Women's College, and the Kerala Vocational Training Center.
Pallikunnu is famous for the Mookambika Temple. Another well-known temple is the Kanathoor Maha Vishnu Temple. It is close to the Kadalayi Sreekrishna Temple in Chirakkal.
The Central Prison, where many leaders of the Indian freedom struggle and various local peasant revolts were either brutally imprisoned or mercilessly executed, is located here.
The Doordarshan and Akashvani radio broadcasting station is also located here.
Pallikunnu was a well-known place during the British empire. Many activities took place at the bungalow of the Superintendent, which has since been converted into a women's college.
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Panama
Panama (i/ˈpænəmɑː/ PAN-ə-mah; Spanish: Panamá), officially the Republic of Panama (Spanish: República de Panamá [reˈpuβlika ðe panaˈma]), is the southernmost country of Central America. Situated on the isthmus connecting North and South America, it is bordered by Costa Rica to the west, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the south. The capital is Panama City. Explored and settled by the Spanish in the 16th century, Panama broke with Spain in 1821 and joined a union of Nueva Granada, Ecuador, and Venezuela, named the Republic of Gran Colombia.When Gran Colombia the dissolved in 1831, Panama and Nueva Granada remained joined. Nueva Granada later became the Republic of Colombia.
With the backing of the United States, Panama seceded from Colombia in 1903, allowing the Panama Canal to be built by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers between 1904 and 1914. In 1977, an agreement was signed for the complete transfer of the Canal from the United States to Panama by the end of the century.
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Paramekkavu
Paramekkavu Bagavathi Temple is one of the largest Bagavathi temples in Kerala. Paramekkavu Bagavathi Temple is located in Thrissur in Kerala, South India and is considered[by whom?] to be over 1000 years old. Thiruvambadi Sri Krishna Temple is one of the two rival groups participating in Thrissur Pooram, which is the biggest local festival in Kerala.
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Parassala
Parassala is a small but busy town in India, at the southern end of Kerala, bordering Tamil Nadu. Malayalam and Tamil language is spoken by the residents.
The name of Parassala became more popular after the rise of Prof. Parassala B. Ponnammal, an elderly woman who was the first female singer in the famous Navarathri Mandapam of Thiruvananthapuram during 2006 [1].
A large proportion of the population are involved in the collecting of palmyra nectar and fermenting to produce alcoholic drinks. The typical nectar collected on pots from atop palmyra trees are also used for making 'karupatti' which is known for its medicinal properties and is what the town is mostly known for.
Banking facilities are available, the main Banks are Federal Bank, SBI, SBT, South Indian Bank, Indian Bank and KSFE.
A railway station, telephone exchange, bus depot, a number of multi-specialist hospitals and a government Taluk hospital have given drastic change to the rustic image of this old town.
There are several educational institutions, Government Girls Vocational, Higher Secondary School, Evans Higher Secondary School & The Teachers Training Institute are among a few that reap excellent results in public examinations.
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Paravur Taluk
Paravur Taluk is a taluk of Ernakulam District of the Indian State of Kerala. North Paravur is the capital of the taluk. Paravur Taluk lies in the north western part of Ernakulam district bordering Thrissur district. The surrounding taluks are Kochi to the west consisting of Vypin Island, Kodungallore to the north, Aluva to the east consisting of Angamaly,Nedumbassery and Aluva, Kanayanur to the south consisting of Cochin City. Paravur is a part of Kochi urban agglomeration area. The western parts of taluk are coastal areas with cultivations like prawn and pokkali rice. The eastern parts are fertile lands. The heavy industries of Kochi is located in Udyogmandal area of the taluk.
The Block Panchayats are Paravur and Alengad.
Paravur constituency consists of
Kalamassery constituency consists of
Paravur, Kalamassery constituencies belong to Ernakulam Parliamentary constituency.
These are the towns other than panchayat headquarters.
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Parippally
Parippally is a village town in Kollam district, Kerala, India. It is 27 km away from Kollam city along the NH47. It is the boundary of Kollam district and Trivandrum District. There are 4 major roads which connects Madathara, Paravoor, Kollam, Thiruvananthapuram. Only 10 kilometers from here to the famous Varkala Sivagiri, Varkala Beach and Varkala Temple. Parippally is the part of Kalluvathukkal PANCHAYATH. Famous schools are KPHS Kalluvathukkal, ASHSS Parippally. UKF Engineering College is in parippally. There are more than 6 temples in this village. Kodimoottil Sri Bhadrakaali Temple is one among the most famous temples in kerala. Gajamela and Ponkala which are associated with the temple festival are very famous . Thousands of devotees come to watch the Gajamela. Other major temples are Mullukattil nagaru Kavu, Mevanakkonam, Vayalil Thrikkovil Vayalil Thrikkovil Mahavishnu Temple വയലില് തൃക്കോവില് ക്ഷേത്രം, SreeRamapuram Etc..
1.Kerala Atlas
2.Manorama year book: 2006
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Parumala
Parumala is a small village and island on the Pampa River in Pathanamthitta district in Kerala, India.
Parumala is renowned for the presence of the Tomb of St. Gregorios (Parumala Thirumeni), the Greatest Saint of India belonging to the Indian Orthodox Church(Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church) and Syriac Orthodox Church, so it is a pilgrimage site. The annual feast Ormapperunnal is held at the Parumala Church annually on the first and second of November.
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Pattazhy
Pattazhy, also Pattazhi, is a village located in Pathanapuram taluk in the eastern part of the Kollam District, Kerala state, India. It is best known as the site of an ancient Bhagavathy temple, Pattazhy Devi Temple.
The name Pattazhy has an uncertain etymology. Pattazhy may stem from an imperfect Malayalam portmanteau fusing Patt ("Soft") and Aazhy ("Ocean"). Thus the word Pattazhy represents the compassion and affection of Pattazhy Devi to her beloved devotees and depth of her grace. The name Pattazhy may have also derived from the word Bhattarika which means a virtuous and pious woman.
Pattazhy is a beautiful temple village situated in Pathanapuram Taluk. The land of Pattazhy comprising two panchayat areas (Pattahzy and Pattazhy vadakekara) was given as a gift to Pattazhy Devi by the King of Travancore for the help and shelter given in the fierce fight against the king of Kayamkulam. The annual festival at Pattazhy Devi Temple is one of the largest temple festivals in central Travancore. The festival is known for Kambam (fire works), Aalpindi Vilakku Ezhunnallathu (Procession of small structure made out of plantain kernel and germinating leaves of coconut tree with numerous lamps on it), Ponnin Thirumudi (Devi's idol carved out of pure gold and rare precious stones) Ezhunnallathu.
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Peermade
Peermade(പീരുമേട്), also transliterated as Perumade, Peerumed, Peerumade or Peermede, is a hill station in the state of Kerala, India. It is high in the Western Ghats, 915 metres above sea level, and 85 km east of Kottayam on the way to Thekkady.
The landscape of Peermade includes spectacular waterfalls, open grass lands and pine forests. It was once the summer retreat of the Maharajas of Travancore. Tamil people are the most majority in peermade .
Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary, one of the largest wildlife reserves in India, is 43 km away. It has herds of elephants and other wildlife as well as lakes.
The name is sometimes related to the Sufi saint, Peer Mohammed, or means "hill of the Peer"(പീരുമേട്).
The area is very fertile and the area had until recently lush plantations of coffee, tea, cardamon, and coconut. The area, with a long history of spice growing, now concentrates on producing organic black pepper, white pepper, ginger and turmeric.
At a recent show spice growers from Peermade displayed samples of organically grown spices like cardamom, black pepper, white pepper, nutmeg, mace, cloves, turmeric, ginger, vanilla beans, vanilla powder and herbs like oregano, sage, thyme and rosemary. Oils of thyme and rosemary were also displayed.
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Peroor
Peroor is a village in the Kottayam district of Kerala, India. Reaching Peroor from Kottayam is through Samkrathi junction or any right turns from MC road between Samkranthy and Ettumanoor. Ettumanoor is 5 km away from Peroor. There is more than five settlement colonies in Peroor. Peroor Service Co-op bank and State Bank Of India are the local banks.
All major kerala religious communities are present here. Hindu, Christian, Muslim are living here. In Christian CSI, Jacobite and Catholics are the major groups. In that Knanaya Catholic is the wealthiest community even though they are very few. In Hindu Nair and Ezhava are the powerful community. Muslims are comparatively newcomers to this area. A Muslim colony was established here during 1998-99 adjacent to MHC and Kariyattappuzha Colony.
Dalits are the other major population here. Like other urban areas of kerala, here also dalits lead a middle-class life. They are much educated and cultured here. Even though other communities keep an untouchability inside their mind these people always seems compromising to their circumstances. Hence all endeavours to enhance this community went futile.
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Phoenicia
Phoenicia (UK /fɨˈnɪʃə/, US /fəˈniːʃə/; from the Greek: Φοινίκη: Phoiníkē), was an ancient Semitic Canaanite civilization situated on the western, coastal part of the Fertile Crescent. The major Phoenician cities were on the coastline of the Mediterranean. It was an enterprising maritime trading culture that spread across the Mediterranean from 1550 BC to 300 BC. The Phoenicians used the galley, a man-powered sailing vessel, and are credited with the invention of the bireme. They were famed in Classical Greece and Rome as 'traders in purple', referring to their monopoly on the precious purple dye of the Murex snail, used, among other things, for royal clothing, and for their spread of the alphabet (or abjad), upon which all major modern phonetic alphabets are derived.
In the Amarna tablets of the 14th century BC, people from the region called themselves Kenaani or Kinaani (Canaanites), although these letters predate the invasion of the Sea Peoples by over a century. Much later, in the 6th century BC, Hecataeus of Miletus writes that Phoenicia was formerly called χνα, a name Philo of Byblos later adopted into his mythology as his eponym for the Phoenicians: "Khna who was afterwards called Phoinix". Egyptian seafaring expeditions had already been made to Byblos to bring back "cedars of Lebanon" as early as the third millennium BC.
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Ponkunnam
Ponkunnam is a town in the eastern high-ranges of Kerala, India, part of Kottayam district. Nearby towns are Kanjirappally, Manimala and Pala. This part of Kerala is famous for its fertile lands and rubber plantations. It is at an altitude of 495 Metres above MSL sea level.
Ponkunnam is a part of Kanjirapally constituency in legislative assembly [earlier it was part of Vazhoor constituency]and Dr. N. Jayaraj is the MLA.It is a part of Chirakkadavu grama panchayath. NH 220 (Kollam-Kottarakkara-Kottayam-Theni), the former K.K road (Kottayam-Kumily road), passes through the town. Kottayam is around 34 km. K.K road is an easy way to Madurai in Tamilnadu. The Main Eastern Highway (Punalur-Pathanamthitta-Muvattupuzha Road / SH - No2 ) meets NH 220 at Ponkunnam. Ponkunnam is well connected to almost all the places of Kerala by road. Thekkady is 83 km far from here.
Ponkunnam has all communities (Christians, Hindus, Muslims) mostly agriculturist. Famous novelist and short story writer Ponkunnam Varkey lived here. Ponkunnam Damodaran the famous Poet was born here. K.P.A.C Ravi , actor cum Singer, belongs to Ponkunnam. Malayalam Film actor Babu Antony and his brother Thampi Antony hail from Ponkunnam.
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Poonjar
Poonjar is a small town in the Kottayam district of Kerala state, India. Before the independence of India, Poonjar had been the capital of the Poonjar Koyikkal Swaroopam or Edavaka.
Poonjar dynasty has an origin from the Pandyan Kings of the Sangam Age. The founder of the Poonjar dynasty was Manavikrama Kulashekhara Perumal, and his mother was a Chera princess. In 1152 AD, they shifted from Madurai after incessant civil wars in Tamil Country. The Raja carried one of the three idols of Meenakshi, their "Kula Devatha", and it was established in the Meenakshi temple on the banks of the Meenachil River.Manavikraman Raja procured the land from the Thekkancoor Rajas, which is now part of Kottayam, Pathanamthitta and Idukki districts. Erattupetta became the commercial center of the Poonjar kingdom.
The ancient palace and temples dedicated to Sree Dharma Shastha and Meenakshi are located on the banks of the Meenachil River. Raghubir Singh, the famed National Geographic photographer, has published photographs of this temple, nestled in the foothills of the high ranges of Kerala, in National Geographic. The S.M.V. High School, dedicated to the memory of the eldest nephew (Sri Moolam Tirunal) of Maharaja Shri Chitra Tirunal, was the only school in the district for decades and luminaries of all political and religious hues who have played formative roles in modern Kerala have passed through its gates. The school, as well as five temples, are currently managed by a family trust. Colonel Goda Varma Raja, the consort of the Maharani of erstwhile Travancore, Karthika Tirunal, and brother-in-law of Maharaja Sri Chitra Tirunal, was a member of this family. His elder brother was P. R. Rama Varma Raja, who, after a difference of opinion with C. P. Ramaswami Iyer, left Travancore in the late 1930s, and purchased 36,000 acres (150 km2) of land in Alakode,Taliparamba taluk of Kannur district. He was often referred to as the Alakode Raja.
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Poovattoor
Poovattoor (Malayalam:പൂവറ്റൂർ) is a village located in Kottarakara taluk in the northern part of the Kollam District, Kerala state, India. It is best known as the site of an ancient Bhagavathy temple, Poovattoor Devi Temple, sister of Pattazhy Devi Temple. .
The name Poovattoor has an uncertain etymology. The name is derived from Poo attoor(The place where flower fell).Legend says that the goddess of Poovattoor was the sister of goddess of Pattazhi.The younger sister wanted a new place. So the elder gave her a handful of flowers,and told her to reside where the flower is falling. Poovattoor was the place where the flower fell.
Poovattoor can be divided into three sub parts. Poovattoor west,Poovattoor east and Poovattoor. MC road is the major road going through this village
The land of Poovattoor comprising Kulakkada panchayat area. The annual festival at Poovattoor Devi Temple is one of the largest temple festivals in Kulakkada Panchayat. The festival is known for Kettukazcha, Kambam (fire works), Aalp Ezhunnallathu (Procession of small structure made out of plantain kernel and germinating leaves of coconut tree with numerous lamps on it), Ponnin Thirumudi (Devi's idol carved out of pure gold and rare precious stones) Ezhunnallathu.
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Punnakkulangara
Punnakkulangara(പുന്നക്കുളങ്ങര in Malayalam) is a village in Kannur district of Kerala in south India.
Punnakkulangara is a village in North Malabar. It is situated in the Taliparamba Taluk of Kannur district. Punnakkulangara comes under the Morazha village and Taliparamba Municipality. It is the 27th ward of Taliparamba Municipality. It is in Taliparamba Legislative Assembly Constituency and Kannur Loksabha Constituency. Even though a small village, Punnakkulangara is surrounded by important places. Historic place of Independence Movement , Morazha, Bakkalam are situated around Punnakkulangara. Kannur University is situated south of Punnakkulangara. Kerala Armed Police IV th Battalion is the south east boundary of this village. Government College of Engineering, Kannur, Doordarshan Kannur Centre, KELTRON, Parassinikkadavu Snake Park etc. are very near to this place.
The demography of Punnakkulangara is of mixed nature. Hindus and Muslims are the dominant religions. Christians are also there. Among the Hindus most of them belongs to Thiyya caste. But religion and caste never had a discriminating effect on the people of Punnakkulangara.
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Puttingal Temple
Puttingal Temple is a Hindu temple in the coastal town of Paravur, India. The temple was founded after the presence of the goddess was experienced on an ant hill; "Puttu" being the Malayalam word for ant Hill.
The festival of this temple is on the "Bharani" star of Malayalam month Meenam. Fireworks (Matsara Kambam) and other events associated with the festival (Aswathi vilakku, Kathakali, Kampadikali, Marameduppu) take place along with other cultural events. Various poojas are performed and offerings are made daily for the fulfillment of desires and redressal of various grievances of devotees.
"Thottampattu", the most important offering in this temple, starts on the 21st day of Vrischikam (a Malayalam month falling in between mid November and mid December) and lasts till the principal festival of the Goddess.
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Ranni
Ranni, sometimes spelled Ranny, is one of the 5 Taluks in the Pathanamthitta district of Kerala, in India. According to the Census of India 2001, the population was 207,782. The taluk headquarters is a small township on both sides of the Pamba River. Ranni is also one of the largest taluks in Kerala. The renowned Hindu temple of Sabarimala is in this taluk, situated approximately 66 km from the main town, Ittiappara. Ranni is known for its natural beauty, forests, hills, river and good climate.
Ranni is derived from similar word in malayalam which means "Queen" or "Rani". Ranni is known as "The Queen of the Eastern Hill Lands".
The history of Ranni can be traced 5000 years back to the early settlement activity of Adi Dravidans around Sabarimala and Nilackal. The temple at Sabarimala is thought to be the oldest existing temple in India, dating to around 4000 years. A church at Nilackal is believed to be one of the seven churches founded by St. Thomas in AD 54.
In the 18th century, Knanaya Christians migrated to Ranni and later established the church, St. Thomas Church of Ranni. Large number of Mar Thomites also migrated from surrounding areas. In the early 19th century, Dr. Claudius Buchanan visited Ranni and was presented an old hand written Syriac Bible, from Ranni St. Thomas church.
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Sabarimala
Sabarimala is a Hindu pilgrimage center located in the Western Ghat mountain ranges of Pathanamthitta District in Kerala. It is the largest annual pilgrimage in world with an estimated 45–50 million devotees visiting every year. Sabarimala is believed to be the place where the Hindu God Ayyappan meditated after killing the powerful demoness, Mahishi. Ayyappan's temple is situated here amidst 18 hills. The temple is situated on a hilltop at an altitude of 468 m (1535 ft) above mean sea level, and is surrounded by mountains and dense forests. Temples exist in each of the hills surrounding Sabarimala. While functional and intact temples exist at many places in the surrounding areas like Nilackal, Kalaketi, and Karimala, remnants of old temples survive to this day on remaining hills.
Sabarimala is linked to Hindu pilgrimage, predominantly for men of all ages. Women between the ages of 10 and 50 are not allowed to enter the temple, since the story attributed to Ayyappa prohibits the entry of the women in the menstrual age group. This is because Ayyappan is a Bramachari (Celibate). The temple is open for worship only during the days of Mandalapooja (approximately November 15 to December 26), Makaravilakku (January 14- "Makara Sankranti") and Vishu (April 14), and the first six days of each Malayalam month.
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Sarada Mutt
Sarada Mutt is a Saraswati temple consecrated by Sree Narayana Guru, in Sivagiri, at Varkala, in the Indian state of Kerala. Gurudevan performed the pratishta of the deity at Sarada Mutt on the full moon day in April 1912. The Sarada Consecration Committee had Dr Palpu as its president. Mahakavi Kumaran Asan was secretary.
http://www.sivagiri.org/
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Sarkaradevi Temple
Sarkaradevi Temple is one of the most important temples in South India. It is situated South of the Chirayinkeezhu Taluk (in the North-West of Thiruvananthapuram district). The nearest town is Varkala and Attingal. Tradition accords a remote antiquity to this temple. Its main deity is Bhadrakali. The Sarkaradevi Temple assumed a significant status for many reasons and rose to historical importance mainly with the introduction of the famous Kaliyoot festival by Anizham Thirunal Marthanda Varma, the Travancore sovereign, in 1748.The Sarkaradevi Temple have some basic attachment with Nakramcode Devi Temple which located in Avanavanchery,Attingal.
Chirayinkeezhu Taluk being directly under the immediate administration of the Attingal Swarupam, the Attingal Ranis where entrusted by the TravancoreRaja with the conduct of the elaborate festival of Kaliyoot. The Attingal Rani being related to the Travancore royal family through adoption from the Kolathunadu royal family. From the time of Venad Kings, had enjoyed independent rights in several respects over the neighbouring regions and temples and at times even over the entire Venad. Even the King Marthanda Varma annexed Attingal to Travancore, soon after ascending the throne Marthanda Varma decided to assume direct control over Attingal 'estate'. The Ranis seem to have been allowed to continue in their independent status in many respects. Hence it was no wonder that when the former decided to introduce Kaliyoot festival in the Sarkaradevi Temple of Chirayinkeezhu Division, he entrusted the responsibility to the Attingal Ranis, even though the finances came directly from the Travancore royal treasury.
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Sooranad
Sooranad or Sooranadu is a village located in the northern part of Kollam district in Kerala, India. Sooranad North and Sooranad South are collectively known as Sooranad. Both are under separate local panchayats.
The main employment for men and women is cashew nut processing, which takes place in several factories. There are also workers who manufacture tiles and "country burnt" bricks. In addition, there are people who work as casual laborers.
Three Higher Secondary schools, the Government high school of Sooranadu and the Santhinikethan Model High School, and other Upper Primary and Lower Primary Schools provide basic education to both the local students and students from other administrative subdivisions (talukas).
Sasthamkottah Lake provides drinking water for the community. The village is accessed from both MC (Main Central) Road and NH 47. There are many markets in Sooranad like Kannamath chandha, Vayyankara chantha, and Parakkadavu chantha. Padmasree Dr. Sooranad Kunhan Pillai, the renowned poet, writer, and linguistic expert who formulated Malayalam Lexicon, hailed from this land. Barrister N. Padmanabha pillai of Panayamcherril veedu, who was member of Sreemoolam Assembly and Municipal Chairman, Kollam during whose time the clocktower in Kollam was built. Thennala Balakrishnapillai, Congress leader, who was M.L.A as well as M.P was born and brought up in this land.
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Sooranad North
Sooranad North is a village in Kollam district in the state of Kerala, India.
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Sree Vallabha Temple
Sreevallabha Temple (Malayalam - ശ്രീവല്ലഭ മഹാക്ഷേത്രം), a highly orthodoxHindu Temple dedicated to Purusha as Lord Sreevallabhan, is one among the oldest and biggest Temples of Kerala and a major destination for devotees all over India for centuries. Located in Thiruvalla town of Pathanamthitta district, this ocean of orthodoxy is well known for its architectural grandeur and unique customs that can be found in no other temples. The stone-wooden carvings and fine mural paintings inside the temple are worth seeing. Being one among 108 Divya Desams, Sreevallabha temple has been glorified by Alvars and many other ancient works. It is considered to be the vallabha kshethram mentioned in Garuda Purana and Matsya Purana.Kathakali is played daily in the temple as an offering, pushing it to the top in India in terms of places where Kathakali is staged in largest number of days per year. Lord Vishnu appeared here as Sreevallabhan for sage Durvasa and Khandakarnan. Pleased by prayers of an old Brahmin lady Sreevallabhan incarnated as a brahmachari and killed the demon Thokalaasuran. Later the idol of Sreevallabhan worshipped by Lakshmi and Krishna has been installed in the temple in BC 59. From then till date, the temple follows its own worship protocol that is known to be followed nowhere else yet. Sage Durvasa and Saptarishi are said to reach the temple every midnight for worshipping the Lord. The temple had governed one of the biggest educational institutions in ancient time and heavily contributed to the cultural and educational developments of Kerala
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Taliparamba
Taliparamba (also known as Perimchellur) is a city and a municipality in Kannur district in the Indian state of Kerala and spread over an area of 43.05 km2. It stretches from the coastal area of Ramanthali to Nuchiyad and Vayathur villages, touching the Karnataka border.
Taliparamba is a big town of 67,000 people crowded into a small area of 43 square kilometers. But the undulating hills that surround this little town make it exceptionally beautiful. The surrounding villages of Pattuvam, Kuttikkol, Velipara and Karimbam are filled with lush green fields and little rolling hills. The rivers of Kuppam and Valapattanam surround the towns from all sides and the Arabian sea is only 14 kilometres to the western side. The hanging bridge at Kuttiyeri and the beautiful riverside temple at Parassinikkadavu attaract a large number of toruists. The Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kannur and the Pepper Research Station under Kerala Agricultural University at Panniyur, Kannur University, Pariyaram Medical College and Sir Syed College Velipara are a few famous institutions in and around Taliparamba. The origin of Taliparamba is from the Perinchalloor brahminical settlement. Of the original 2,000 Brahmin families, only 45 remain now. The old name of Taliparamba was 'Lakshmipura' as this place was considered as an abode of prosperity. The 'Sree Raja Rajeswara Temple' and the 'Trichambaram temple' are renowned places of worship. Today Muslims and Christians also form a sizeable portion of the population.
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Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu /ˈtæmɨl ˈnɑːduː/ (Tamiḻ Nāṭu [t̪amɨɭ naːɖɯ] ( listen)) is one of the 28 states of India. Its capital is Chennai, the largest city. Tamil Nadu lies in the southernmost part of the Indian Peninsula and is bordered by the union territory of Pondicherry, and the states of Kerala, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh. It is bound by the Eastern Ghats in the north, the Nilgiri, the Anamalai Hills, and Palakkad on the west, by the Bay of Bengal in the east, the Gulf of Mannar, the Palk Strait in the south east, and by the Indian Ocean in the south.
Tamil Nadu is the eleventh largest state in India by area and the seventh most populous state. It is the fourth largest contributor (as of 2010) to India's GDP and ranks tenth in Human Development Index as of 2006. Tamil Nadu is also the most urbanised state in India. The state has the highest number (10.56%) of business enterprises and stands second in total employment (9.97%) in India, compared to the population share of about 6%.
The region has been the home of the Tamil people since at least 500 BCE. Its official language Tamil has been in use in inscriptions and literature for over 2000 years. Tamil Nadu is home to many natural resources, Hindu temples of Dravidian architecture, hill stations, beach resorts, multi-religious pilgrimage sites and eight UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
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Tattamangalam
Tattamangalam is a part of Chittur-Tattamangalam municipality in Palakkad district of Kerala, in South India, spread over an area of 33.57 km2. It was a part of the princely state of Cochin before India received independence from Britain. The majority of the inhabitants speak Malayalam, though others use Tamil as their main language.
The village is located about 15 km south of the Palakkad district headquarters. The Tattamangalam-Chittur municipality is situated in the banks of the river Sokanashini (commonly called Chittur Puzha).
Satellite Map
As of 2001[update] India census, Thathamangalam had a population of 7167 with 3598 males and 3569 females.
In 917 A.D. the Kongu army consisting chiefly of cavalry invaded the territory of the Palghat Raja, but was driven back with great slaughter by Maharaja of Cochin, assisted by the Zamorin and the Rajas of Palghat and Walluvanad. For this service and to enable better protection, the Palghat Raja ceded to Cochin the territories known as Naludesam and Kodakaranad, which constitute the present Taluk of Chittur. Naludesam comprised the four adjoining “Desams”, Chittur, Nalleppilly, Tattamangalam, and Pattancherri.
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Thalassery
Thalassery (Malayalam: തലശ്ശേരി), also known as Tellicherry, is a city on the Malabar Coast of Kerala, India. This is the second largest city of North Malabar in terms of population. The name Tellicherry is the anglicized form of Thalassery. Thalassery municipality has a population just less than 100,000. Established in 1866, it is the second oldest municipality in the state. Possessing an area of 23.98 km2, Thalassery is a town strategically located on the western coast of Kannur district on the Malabar Coast of Kerala. It is 22 km from the district headquarters at Kannur. The town is situated between 11°44’N latitude and 75°26’E longitude, at an altitude ranging between 2.5m above the mean sea-level in the low-lying areas, to 30m above the mean sea-level in the higher regions.
Thalassery is in Kannur district. The palm-fringed terrain of Thalassery has a scenic coastline and features four rivers, canals and hills with orange-hued rock. One of the four rivers is the Mahé River (Mayyazhi river). During the British Raj, the Mahé River was nicknamed the English Channel, because it separated British-ruled Thalassery from French-ruled Mahé. Muzhappilangad, a 5 km long Drive in beach, in fact it's the only Drive in beach in Asia, is located within 6 km of the city centre.
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Thalavoor
Thalavoor (Malayalam:തലവൂർ, IAST: Talavūr) is a village located in the district of Kollam in the Kerala state of India. It is 77 km to the north of the State Capital, Thiruvananthapuram, and 28 km to the east of District Capital, Kollam. Thalavoor village is bordered by Pattazhy village to the north, Pidavoor village to the north-east, Vilakkudy village to the south-east, Melila village to the south and Mylom village to the west.
In earlier times, this land was a part of Elayadathu Swarupam, a principality ruled by a branch of the Travancore Royal Family. Kottarakkara was the capital of Elayadathu Swarupam.
Up to 18th century, this land was a part of "Ilayidathu Swaroopam". At that time, most of the leaders (Malayalam: Thalavanmaar) in the Ilayidathu Swaroopam were from this place. They headed various departments of this royal dynasty. Hence this place came to known as "Thalavoor", meaning "Thalavanmaarude Ooru" i.e. "The Place of Leaders".
Latitude : 9°2'40"N
Longitude : 76°49'46"E
The land of thalavoor is traditionally divided into six zones.
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Thalayolaparambu
Thalayolaparambu (Malayalam: തലയോലപ്പറമ്പു്) is a village town situated in Kottayam district of Kerala state, India. It belongs to the Vaikom legislative assembly and Kottayam parliament constituency, is one of the towns between Kottayam and Ernakulam.
This village is the home of famous personalities like the Chief minister A. J. John, Anaparambil, the writer Vaikom Muhammed Basheer, the Chief Justice of India K. G. Balakrishnan and the Convenor of Left Democratic Front -LDF- in Kerala Vaikom Viswan.
This village entittle the rare previlage of having an eventful history.
This small town hosts the biggest market (Malayalam: ചന്ത ) of the locality which was founded by Velu Thampi Dalawa. This market opens twice in a week on Tuesdays and Saturdays. It attracts producers, consumers and businessmen from the nearby panchayats including Vaikom, Keezhoor and Kaduthuruthy. In olden times the products from the Kottayam Division High Range were sent to Kochi- Alappuzha markets through this market. Previously economy of this region was mainly concentrated on this market's activities.
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Thenmala
Thenmala (Malayalam: തെന്മല Tenmala) is a tourist place near Punalur town, Kollam district in Kerala. Thenmala is the first planned eco-tourism destination in India. The Thenmala dam was built across Kallada River. Thenmala is famous for being the shooting location in Malayalam and Tamil movies.[citation needed]
Thenmala attracts foreign and domestic tourists with a host of attractions. Boating on the lake, a rope bridge, trekking, mountaineering, biking and a musical fountain. Thenmala is approachable both from Trivandrum and Punalur by road. The waterfall called Palaruvi is a prime attraction nearby. Also nearby is a deer rehabilitation center where visitors can see deer in a forest setting and have a peep into a traditional tree house used by forest dwellers to escape harm from wild animals. Other places near Thenmala are Kulathupuzha, Anchal, Punalur, Kamukumchery and Shenkottah in Tirunelveli district(Tamil Nadu). Themala is 72 km from Thiruvanathapuram and 16 km from Palaruvi Falls.
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Thirunavaya Temple
Tirunavaya Temple is a historically significant ancient Hindu temple on the banks of the River Bharata dedicated to Nava Mukundan Vishnu with the other deities like Ganesha, and Lakshmi. It is located near the ancient Hindu pilgrimage centre of Tirunavaya, a village 8 km south of Tirur in the Malappuram district of Kerala state, India. The temple was the traditional venue for the historic ritual of the Mamankam festival, an enactment of traditional martial arts by suicide squads.
According to the local legends, goddess Lakshmi and Ganesha, the king of the elephants, worshiped god Vishnu here with lotus flowers from a lake nearby; with the two devotees using flowers from the same source, its supply dwindled, and Ganesha appealed to Vishnu, who took Lakshmi by his side on the same throne and accepted worship offered by Ganesha.
There is another legend associated with the Tirunavaya Temple. The deity is called "Nava Mukundan" as it is believed that the idol was the ninth one to be installed in the shrine by a group of Hindu saints known as "Navayogis". The first eight idols disappeared as soon as they were placed there and the ninth sank to its knees before it was forcibly stopped. It is interesting that the image of Nava Mukundan is portrayed only from above the knee, the rest of the image being concealed within the ground. There is believed to be a bottomless unexplored pit behind the image in the sanctum.
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Thirunelli Temple
Thirunelli Temple (also Tirunelli) is an ancient temple dedicated to Lord Vishnu on the side of Brahmagiri hill in Kerala. The temple is at an altitude of about 900m in north Wayanad in a valley surrounded by mountains and beautiful forests. It is 32 km away from Manathavady
No proper records of the exact dates of establishment of temple exist, though it is beyond dispute that Thirunelli was once an important town and pilgrim center in the middle of inaccessible jungle valley surrounded on four sides by mountains. There exists documentary proof that Thirunelli at the time of Chera king Bhaskara Ravi Varma I (962–1019 CE) was an important town and pilgrim center in south India. In the dense jungles surrounding temple, the ruins of two ancient villages can be found. Excavations at the time of paving roads[when?] have yielded period coins from the 9th and 10th centuries. Noted historian V. R. Parameswaran Pillai in his book Thirunelli Documents clearly states that this temple was once an integral part of the early history of North Kerala.
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Thiruvananthapuram
Thiruvananthapuram,[needs IPA]known in English as Trivandrum /trɨˈvændrəm/, is the capital of the Indian state of Kerala and the headquarters of the Thiruvananthapuram District. It is located on the west coast of India near the extreme south of the mainland. Referred to by Mahatma Gandhi as the "Evergreen city of India", the city is characterized by its undulating terrain of low coastal hills and busy commercial alleys. With more than 750,000 inhabitants in the city proper, and a population around 1.68 million when including the wider urban agglomeration, Thiruvananthapuram is the largest and most populous city in Kerala. It is an IT hub of the state with over 80% of the state's software exports.
The city houses several central and state government offices and organizations. Apart from being the political nerve centre of Kerala, it is also a major academic hub and is home to several educational institutions including the University of Kerala, and to many science and technology institutions, the most prominent being the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), Technopark, the Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST), the Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management, Kerala,Indian Institute of Science, Education and Research (IISER), the Centre for Development Studies, the International Centre for Free and Open Source Software (ICFOSS), the Regional Research Laboratory, the Centre for Earth Science Studies, Rajeev Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology and the Sree Chithira Thirunal Institute for Medical Science and Technology. It is also considered as one of the 10 greenest cities in India. Thiruvananthapuram was ranked as the best city in Kerala to live in by a recent Times of India survey
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Thiruvithancode
Thiruvithamcode (Tamil: திருவிதாங்கோடு; also spelled Thiruvithancode, Thiruvithankodu and Thiruvithangodu) is a small panchayat town located in the Kanyakumari district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
It is about 20 km from Nagercoil, and 2 km from Thuckalay.
As of 2001[update] India census, Thiruvithankodu had a population of 16,689. Males constitute 49% of the population and females 51%. Thiruvithankodu has an average literacy rate of 82%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 84%, and female literacy is 79%. In Thiruvithankodu, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age.
The Muslim Arts College, Noorul Islam Polytechnic College, Government Higher Secondary School and IMS school are important local educational institutions.
Thiruvithamcode has two ancient churches:
Muslim saints Malik Mohamed Sahib Appa and Sheikh Noordeen valiyullah have tombs in this town.
For the Muslim community there are two Jamaaths.
There are five Muslim masijds (mosques) in Thiruvithamcode.
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Thodupuzha
Thodupuzha (Malayalam: തൊടുപുഴ) is a town and a municipality in Idukki district in the Indian state of Kerala, spread over an area of 35.43 km2. It is 62 km from Ernakulam. Geographical Classification of Thodupuzha Region is Midland or Idanad.
Thodupuzha is also the name of the river that flows through the town. It is the largest town in the district and is the commercial centre. The town is being modernised with the help of a programme sponsored by the World Bank which is financing the programme through the Government of Kerala. It was once part of the territory of the princely state, Travancore. It lies in central Kerala, southeast of Muvattupuzha. The Thodupuzha municipality area is characterised by hilly terrain with a lot of green vegetation.
The Main Eastern Highway (Muvattupuzha - Pathanamthitta - Punalur Road / SH - 08) passes through Thodupuzha and connects it to two of its neighboring towns, Muvattupuzha and Pala.
Hindus, Syrian Christians and Muslims co-exist in harmony adding to the diversity in faith and religion. The place has a large population of Syrian Catholics. The Muslim minority are mostly rawthers who were the warriors of Madurai Raja and migrated from Madurai and Thanjavur in Tamil Nadu. As well as that, there are some converts from lower castes to Islam but these are only a few.
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Thovala
Thovalai is a small village located in Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu, India. The area is well known in India for its production of flowers, especially Jasmine.
Thovalai and the area surrounding it is involved in the fresh flower industry, growing flowers for sale to other areas of India as well as for export.
The variety of white Jasmine flower (called locally 'Pichchi Vellai' or 'Pichchip poo') is a rarity with a unique scent. It is somewhat similar to 'Jaathi Malligai' which is grown elsewhere.
The village people are quite active throughout the day with the flower business. Especially, the ladies at home are employed in this work and earn a substantial income. This increases the economy of the whole family and also the confidence level of the women.
The Government of India is planning to set up a floriculture research station with a cold storage facility at Thovalai for the benefit of farmers raising flower crops in and around the Kanyakumari district. exporting flowers to other countries through Thiruvananthapuram.
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Thrissur district
Thrissur ( Trichur / Trishur) (Malayalam: തൃശ്ശൂര്) is a revenue district of Kerala situated in the central part of that state. Spanning an area of about 3,032 km2, Thrissur district is home to over 10% of Kerala’s population. Thrissur district was formed on July 1, 1949, with the headquarters at Thrissur City. Thrissur is known as the cultural capital of Kerala, and the land of Poorams. The district is famous for its ancient temples, churches, and mosques. Thrissur Pooram is the most colourful and spectacular temple festival in Kerala.
The name Thrissur is derived from 'Thiru-Shiva-Perur' (Malayalam / Tamil), which translates to "The city with the name of the Lord Siva". Thrissur was also known as "Vrishabhadripuram" and "Then Kailasam" (Kailasam of the south) in ancient days.[citation needed] Another interpretation is 'Tri-shiva-peroor' or the big land with three Shiva temples, which refers to the three places where Lord Shiva resides - namely Vadakkunnathan temple, Asokeswaram Siva temple and Irattachira Siva temple.
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Tirunelveli district
Tirunelveli District (Tamil: திருநெல்வேலி மாவட்டம்) is a district of Tamil Nadu state in southern India. The city of Tirunelveli is the district headquarters. A unique feature of this district is that it encompasses all five geographical traditions of Tamil Literature; kurinji (mountains), mullai (forest), marudham (paddy fields), neithal (coastal) and palai (desert). Tirunelveli District was formed on September 1, 1790 by the East India Company (on behalf of the British government), and comprised the present Tirunelveli and Thoothukudi districts and parts of Virudhunagar and Ramanathapuram districts. It is the second-largest district (as of October 2008), after Villupuram district.
The founding date of Tirunelveli District is commemorated as Tirunelveli Day. The British East India Company named it Tinnevelly district; its headquarters was first located in Palayamkottai (an adjacent city), where it had its military headquarters during its operations against the Palayakars. There are three reasons attributed for naming the district Tirunelveli. The primary reason is after the largest city of the district; another reason is that it was called Tirunelveli Seemai under the Nayaks and Nawabs. Finally, it served as the southern capital during the Pandyan Empire. Both Tirunelveli and Palayamkottai grew as twin cities in the district.
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Trichambaram Temple
Trichambaram Temple is situated 20 km from Kannur district of Kerala state, south India. It is near Taliparamba town, famous for its spices trade. The temple is believed to have got the name from Thiru Shambara or the holy shambara in reverence to Maharishi Shambara.
The deity of the temple is Krishna. The sculptures on the walls of the sanctum sanctorum are a class by themselves. The temple also contains one of the most exquisite collection of mural paintings in south India. Trichambaram Temple has three ponds attached to it, with the temple for Durga being surrounded by water on all sides.
The annual temple festival (Utsavam) is a colourful event. The fortnight-long festival begins on Kumbham 22 of Malayalam calendar (which generally falls on March 6) every year with the kodiyettam (hoisting of a religious flag) and comes to an end on Meenam 6 (which generallay falls on March 20) with Koodipiriyal (Ending of this festival). In between these dates, for 11 days, thitambu nriththam (a sort of dance with the deities of Krishna and Balarama) is held at Pookoth Nada (1 km from Trichambaram temple).
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Vadasserikkara
Vadaserikara is a village in Pathanamthitta district, in the state of Kerala, India. It is one of the 11 villages in Ranni taluk. It is situated at the confluence of two rivers the Pamba and Kallar.
Vadasserikkara is located on the main trunk road to Sabarimala i.e. Pathanamthitta-Pampa Highway. It is a stopover for pilgrims on the way to Sabarimala, the abode of Lord Ayyappa, a pilgrim centre that attracts millions of Ayyappa devotees. The town is three kilometers away from Kumplampoika and about 8 km from Ranni. Pathanamthitta - Seethathodu road also pass through Vadasserikkara.
Marthoma Christians are a majority here. The village has seen much growth since the 1990s. One of the biggest bridges in the district is at Benglavkadavu.
As of 2001[update] India census, Vadaserikara had a population of 22,577 with 11,080 males and 11,497 females.
The current President of the Vadaserikara Village Council or Grama Panchayat is Thomas Abraham.
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Vagamon
Vagamon (Malayalam: വാഗമണ്) is a hill station located in Kottayam-Idukki border of Idukki district of Kerala, India. It has a cool climate with the temperature between 10 and 23 °C during a summer midday. It is situated 1,100 meters above sea level. Vagamon also known as the 'Scotland of Asia', was discovered by the Britishers who found the place ideal for tea plantations and they were followed by Christian missionaries who built their abode of service at Kurisumala in Vagamon. National Geographic Traveler has listed Vagamon on their directory of the '50 most attractive places to visit in India’.
Still untouched by commercialisation, the sleepy town with its scenic valleys, beautiful green meadows, enchanting pine forests, mists, fogs, tea estates, waterfalls with the overall greenery is really striking. The landscape is mostly hilly bald with green meadows. Vagamon is also home to a large variety of flowers and orchids. Cuddled up within three striking hills Thangal, Murugan and Kurisumala hills which are the representation of the chief religions in Kerala, i.e. Hindu, Muslim, and Christian which represent the cultural harmony. Vagamon has amenities for trekking, paragliding, mountaineering and rock climbing. However business interests are trying their best to exploit and sell and market vagamon for tourists. How much benefits the local people are receiving from tourism boom is to be seen. The efforts made by the Kurishumala Ashram have helped the farmers of vagamon to improve their earnings by ensuring better price for milk and marketing opportunities.
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Vaikom Temple
The Vaikom Mahadeva Temple is a temple for the Hindu god Shiva in Vaikom, Kerala. The temple, along with Ettumanoor Siva Temple, Kaduthuruthy Thaliyil Mahadeva Temple is considered a powerful trisome. The belief is that if a devotee worships at these three temples before 'Ucha pooja', all the wishes are fulfilled.
The Vaikom Mahadeva temple is one of the few temples which is held in reverence by both Shaivaites and the Vaishnavaites. Vaikom’s Shiva is fondly called Vaikkathappan. The Shiva Linga here is believed to be from the ‘Treta yuga’ and considered as one of the oldest temples in Kerala where pooja has not been broken since inception.
The Vaikom temple is famous for the Vaikom Ashtami, one of its main festivals, which is held in November–December. The exact date of the festival is determined by the Malayalam calendar. Vaikathashtami is celebrated on the day of Krishna Ashtami. The legend behind this festival is that years ago a saint man prayed to god siva for years after many years God siva and his wife parvathy devi appeared in front of him. It is believed that god Siva appeared in front of him in the day of Krishna Ashtami. So as a memory of this vaikathashtami is celebrated. It is the festival extends for 12 days. 12th day is vaikathashtami.
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Varkala
Varkala (Malayalam : വര്ക്കല ) is a coastal town and municipality in Thiruvananthapuram district situated in the Indian state of Kerala. It is located 50 kilometres (approx. 32 miles) north-west of Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum) and 37 km south-west of Kollam city.
Varkala is the only place in southern Kerala where cliffs are found adjacent to the Arabian Sea. These tertiary sedimentary formation cliffs are a unique geological feature on the otherwise flat Kerala coast, and is known among geologists as Varkala Formation and a geological monument as declared by the Geological Survey of India. There are numerous water spouts and spas on the sides of these cliffs.
Varkala is also famous for the 2,000-year old Janardana Swami Temple which is an important Vaishnavaite shrine in India and is often referred to as Dakshin Kashi (Benares of the South). The temple is located close to the Papanasam beach, which is considered to have holy waters which wash away sins, and is also an important Ayurveda treatment centre. The temple has an ancient bell removed from a shipwreck, donated by the captain of the Dutch vessel which sank near Varkala without causing any casualties.
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Veliyam
Veliyam is a village in Kerala, India. It is situated near Kottarakara in the Kollam district of Kerala. A. Sreedhara Menon briefly narrates the historical importance of this place in his book Kerala History.
The majority of the people are farmers. Paddy and coconut were the major crops here; they have given way to rubber as in most part of Kerala.
The famous temples in this village are Veliyam Temple, Subhramanya Swamy Temple and Palakkottu Temple.
Veliyam is famous for the Nationalised Political Parties in India including Communist Party and Congress. Veliyam gave birth to many political leaders including Veliyam Damodaran. He laid the foundation for communism in this region.
Veliyam Bhargavan is a leading politician who was born and brought up in Veliyam Padinjatinkara. The famous film star Murali was born and brought up in this village at a place called Kudavattoor.
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Wayanad
Wayanad District (Malayalam: വയനാട്) in the north-east of Kerala, India, was formed on November 1, 1980 as the 12th district by carving out areas from Kozhikode and Kannur districts. Kalpetta is the district headquarters as well as the only municipal town in the district. The region was known as Mayakshetra (Maya's land) in the earliest records. Mayakshetra evolved into Mayanad and finally to Wayanad. The Folk etymology of the word says it is a combination of Vayal (paddy field) and Naad (land), making it 'The Land of Paddy Fields'. There are many indigenous tribals in this area. It is set high on the majestic Western Ghats with altitudes ranging from 700 to 2100 m.
It is the least populous district in Kerala (out of 14).
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Wayanad district
Wayanad District (Malayalam: വയനാട്) in the north-east of Kerala, India, was formed on November 1, 1980 as the 12th district by carving out areas from Kozhikode and Kannur districts. Kalpetta is the district headquarters as well as the only municipal town in the district. The region was known as Mayakshetra (Maya's land) in the earliest records. Mayakshetra evolved into Mayanad and finally to Wayanad. The Folk etymology of the word says it is a combination of Vayal (paddy field) and Naad (land), making it 'The Land of Paddy Fields'. There are many indigenous tribals in this area. It is set high on the majestic Western Ghats with altitudes ranging from 700 to 2100 m.
It is the least populous district in Kerala (out of 14).
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Adivasi
Adivasi (Sanskrit: Nepali: Hindi: आदिवासी; ādivāsī) is an umbrella term for a heterogeneous set of ethnic and tribal groups claimed to be the aboriginal population of India. They comprise a substantial indigenous minority of the population of India. The word is used in the same sense in Nepal as is another word janajati (Nepali: जनजाति; janajāti), although the political context differed historically under the Shah and Rana dynasties.
Adivasi societies are particularly present in the Indian Tamil Nadu, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Mizoram, and other northeastern states, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Many smaller tribal groups are quite sensitive to ecological degradation caused by modernization. Both commercial forestry and intensive agriculture have proved destructive to the forests that had endured swidden agriculture for many centuries. Officially recognized by the Indian government as "Scheduled Tribes" in the Fifth Schedule of the Constitution of India, they are often grouped together with scheduled castes in the category "Scheduled Castes and Tribes", which is eligible for certain affirmative action measures.
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Cochin Royal Family
The Cochin royal family were rulers of Cochin, India.
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Dravidian people
Dravidian people or peoples or is a term used to refer to the diverse groups of people who natively speak languages belonging to the Dravidian language family. Populations of speakers of around 220 million are found mostly in Southern India. Other Dravidian people are found in parts of central India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal and Pakistan. The most populous Dravidian people are the Telugus, Tamils, Kannadigas and the Malayalis. Smaller Dravidian communities with 1–5 million speakers are the Tuluvas, Gonds and Brahui.
There are two definitions for Dravidian ethnicity which are generally divided between proposing that Dravidian people are an ethnic group in their own right, or Dravidian peoples are a collective group of ethnolinguistic ethnicities. The World Book encyclopedia, Volume 10 says: "Most southern Indians belong to the Dravidian ethnic group;" referring to them as one ethnic group, while the The New Encyclopaedia Britannica: Volume 8; Volume 21 refers to 'Dravidian ethnic groups', suggesting the latter definition. Hence, depending on the definition and context, both 'Dravidian people' and 'Dravidian peoples' may be used.
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Kerala Iyers
Kerala Iyers, colloquially called Pattars, are Tamil Iyers of the Indian state of Kerala who migrated from present day Tamil Nadu in different waves starting from the medieval period onwards. The community consists of two groups - the Palakkad Iyers and Iyers of the Cochin and Travancore regions.
The first wave of Iyers settled down in Palakkad district at the beginning of the medieval period. Migrations to the Travancore and Cochin regions took place mostly in the 16th and 17th centuries AD. Many of the Diwans or Prime Ministers of the princely state of Travancore were Tamil Brahmins.
Kerala Iyers, like the Iyers of Tamil Nadu, belonged to the Pancha Dravida classification of India's Brahmin community. They mostly belonged to the Vadama and Brahacharanam sub-sects. Kerala Iyers and other Tamil Brahmins ranked below the orthodox Nambudiri Brahmins in the Malayali caste hierarchy and the touch of a Tamil/Kerala Iyer meant that the Nambudiri was defiled by Eda Shudam which required the Nambudiri to bathe before resuming rituals.
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Malayali
Malayali (also spelled Malayalee; Malayalam: മലയാളി, Malayāḷi ?) is the term used to refer to the native speakers of Malayalam, originating from the Indian state of Kerala. The Malayali identity is primarily linguistic, although in recent times the definition has been broadened to include emigrants of Malayali descent who partly maintain Malayali cultural traditions, even if they do not regularly speak the language. While the origins of the Malayali people are in the state of Kerala, significant populations also exist in other parts of India, the Middle East, Europe and North America. According to the Indian census of 2001, there were 30,803,747 speakers of Malayalam in Kerala, making up 96.7% of the total population of that state. Hence the word Keralite is often used in the same context, though a proper definition is ambiguous.
Malayalam, the Malayalis' native language, has its origin from the words mala meaning mountain and alam meaning land (Tamil/Malayalam) or locality (which lies alongside the mountain). Hence 'Malayali' means people from the mountains who lived beyond the Western Ghats, and Malayalam the language that was spoken there.
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Mappila
Mappila (Malayalam: മാപ്പിള Māppiḷa, alternatively Mopla, Moplah) refers to the largest Muslim community in Kerala state, India primarily distributed in the northern region called Malabar, which arose as a result of the pre and post Islamic Arab contacts.
Muslims of Kerala, of which Mappilas constitute a majority, also make up the largest community in Kerala state, 24.70% of the population. As a religious group they are the second largest after Hindus (56%). They share the common language called Malayalam with the other inhabitants of Kerala. Islam reached Malabar Coast as early as 7th century AD and was assimilated with the culture and traditions of the local people. Over the centuries, the strong relations of the Mappilas with the traders from Arabia have created a profound impact on their life and culture. This has resulted in the formation of a unique tradition in literature, art, music, and history of the Mappilas. They form an integral part of the unique blend of the culture of the Malayalam language speaking population. Most of the Mappilas follow Shafi`i School, while a large minority follow movements arose within Sunni Islam.
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Mata Amritanandamayi
Mātā Amṛtānandamayī Devī (born as Sudhamani Idamannel on September 27, 1953), primarily known simply as Amma ["Mother"], is a Hindu spiritual leader and guru, who is revered as a saint by her followers. She is widely respected for her humanitarian activities. She has been referred to as "The Hugging Saint".
Mata Amritanandamayi Devi was born in the fishing village of Parayakadavu (now partially known as Amritapuri), Alappad Panchayat, Kollam District, Kerala in 1953. in the state of Kerala. Born to a family of fishermen, she was the third child of Sugunanandan and Damayanti. Her education ended at the age of nine, when she began to take care of her younger siblings and the family domestic work full-time.
As part of her chores, Amritanandamayi gathered food scraps from neighbors for her family’s cows and goats, through which she was confronted with the intense poverty and suffering of others. She would bring these people food and clothing from her own home. Her family, which was not wealthy, scolded and punished her. Amritanandamayi also began to spontaneously embrace people to comfort them in their sorrow. It was not permissible for a 14-year-old girl to touch others, especially men. But despite the reaction of her parents, Amritanandamayi continued. Regarding her embracing of others, Amritanandamayi commented, “I don’t see if it is a man or a woman. I don’t see anyone different from my own self. A continuous stream of love flows from me to all of creation. This is my inborn nature. The duty of a doctor is to treat patients. In the same way, my duty is to console those who are suffering.”[citation needed]
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Namboothiri Brahmin
The Nambudiri Brahmins, also transliterated Namboothiri, are Hindu Brahmins from the Indian state of Kerala.
Nambudri nambũdiri is derived from nambuka "to trust" and tiri (from Sanskrit śrī) "blessed". Popular etymology derives the name from Malayalam nambu "the Veda", ōthu "to teach" and tiri "holy".
Nambudiri mythology associates their immigration to Kerala from the banks of Narmada, Krishna and Kaveri rivers with the legendary creation of Kerala by Parasurama, an avatar of Vishnu. In the Travancore State Manual, Nagam Ayya also says that they came from the region between Krishna and Godavari.
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Phoenicia
Phoenicia (UK /fɨˈnɪʃə/, US /fəˈniːʃə/; from the Greek: Φοινίκη: Phoiníkē), was an ancient Semitic Canaanite civilization situated on the western, coastal part of the Fertile Crescent. The major Phoenician cities were on the coastline of the Mediterranean. It was an enterprising maritime trading culture that spread across the Mediterranean from 1550 BC to 300 BC. The Phoenicians used the galley, a man-powered sailing vessel, and are credited with the invention of the bireme. They were famed in Classical Greece and Rome as 'traders in purple', referring to their monopoly on the precious purple dye of the Murex snail, used, among other things, for royal clothing, and for their spread of the alphabet (or abjad), upon which all major modern phonetic alphabets are derived.
In the Amarna tablets of the 14th century BC, people from the region called themselves Kenaani or Kinaani (Canaanites), although these letters predate the invasion of the Sea Peoples by over a century. Much later, in the 6th century BC, Hecataeus of Miletus writes that Phoenicia was formerly called χνα, a name Philo of Byblos later adopted into his mythology as his eponym for the Phoenicians: "Khna who was afterwards called Phoinix". Egyptian seafaring expeditions had already been made to Byblos to bring back "cedars of Lebanon" as early as the third millennium BC.
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Pulayar
The Pulayar, also Pulayar, Pulaya, or Pulayas or Holeya or Cheramar, are one of the main social groups found in Kerala, Karnataka and in historical Tamil Nadu or Tamilakam.
Their marriage rituals were described by Edgar Thurston,. Nowadays many of these customs have fallen into disuse. Traditionally women of this caste are more independent compared to the women of other caste. The spiritual life of the Pulaya includes certain ancient magic rituals and practices that have a certain reputation. Members of the mainstream community may consult Pulaya sorcerers (Manthrikavadi) in Kerala, for advice.
Pulayas are noted for their music, craftsmanship, and for certain dances which include Kōlam-thullal, a mask dance which is part of their exorcism rituals, as well as the Mudi-āttam or hair-dance which has its origins in a fertility ritual.
Snake worship (nagaradhana) was prevalent among many Pulaya families all over Kerala.[citation needed]
They did use surnames like other groups. But off late many have been identified calling themselves as Cheramar or Cheraman Pulayan or Cheramar Pulayar or Cheramar Christian.[citation needed]
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Velu Thampi Dalawa
Velayudhan Chempakaraman Thampi (1765–1809) was the Dalawa or Prime Minister of the Indian kingdom of Travancore between 1802 and 1809 during the reign of His Highness Maharajah Bala Rama Varma Kulasekhara Perumal. He is best known for being one of the earliest individuals to rebel against British East India Company's supremacy in India.
Velayudhan Chempakaraman Thampi was born in the village of Kalkulam to Sri Kunjumayitti Pillai and his wife Valliyamma Pillai Thankachi on the 6th of May 1765, at Thalakulam Valiyaveedu, near the town of Nagercoil (around 16 km from Nagercoil) in present day Indian state of Tamil Nadu which then comprised a southern district of the Travancore country. He came from a family that had been honoured with the high title of Chempakaraman for their services to the state by Maharajah Marthanda Varma. Velayudhan Thampi, better known as Velu Thampi, was appointed a Kariakkar or Tahsildar at Mavelikkara during the initial years of the reign of Maharajah Bala Rama Varma. His full name was "Idaprabu Kulottunga Katirkulatu Mulappada Arasarana Irayanda Talakulatu Valiya Veetil Tampi Chempakaraman Velayudhan..".
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Tourism Projects, Kollam district, Kerala
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:49
- Updated: 09 Jun 2012
Video of the Tourism projects at Kollam district, Kerala, India. Houseboat terminal at Ashtamudi is one among the projects undertaken by the Department of Tourism.
http://wn.com/Tourism_Projects,_Kollam_district,_Kerala
CPM Kollam district meet-Asianet News Hour Jan 04, Part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:51
- Updated: 08 Jan 2012
A complete news magazine, "News Hour" analyses the day's news in detail along with live interviews with the main players of the story.
http://wn.com/CPM_Kollam_district_meet-Asianet_News_Hour_Jan_04,_Part_1
CPM Kollam district meet-Asianet News Hour Jan 04, Part 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 17:18
- Updated: 08 Jan 2012
A complete news magazine, "News Hour" analyses the day's news in detail along with live interviews with the main players of the story.
http://wn.com/CPM_Kollam_district_meet-Asianet_News_Hour_Jan_04,_Part_2
Damaged roads in Kollam District
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:46
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
Due to damaged roads passengers are facing a problem in Kollam District
http://wn.com/Damaged_roads_in_Kollam_District
kolkali bjsm madathil first in kollam district level 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:19
- Updated: 12 May 2012
kolkali bjsm madathil hss thazava .first in kollam district level 2011 thanks to our principal Azeez sir ,Sanooja teacher ,school management AND special thanks to "our SHAFEEK mash".
http://wn.com/kolkali_bjsm_madathil_first_in_kollam_district_level_2011
Palaruvi Waterfall Kollam District Kerala India
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:06
- Updated: 24 Jun 2012
The waterfalls is from a height of 300 feet. This fall is into a shallow pool and is ideal for swimming. During the rainy season.
http://wn.com/Palaruvi_Waterfall_Kollam_District_Kerala_India
Recipe: Kollam Special fish curry
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:26
- Updated: 03 Nov 2012
Watch the special preparation of Karimeen curry of Kollam district in Flavours of India. www.istream.in
http://wn.com/Recipe_Kollam_Special_fish_curry
Kollam District Conference Part I
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:52
- Updated: 09 May 2012
MCPI(U) Kollam District Conference was held at Chellapan Chettiyar Nagar (Shalimar Auditorium), Nilamel on August 31 and September 1., 2010 Shown in this video : Initial proceedings of the con ference- Rally to pay tributes to Martyrs , Flag hoising, Condolence resolution, ....
http://wn.com/Kollam_District_Conference_Part_I
Press conference of Kollam District panchayath president
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:08
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
Press conference of Kollam District panchayath president
http://wn.com/Press_conference_of_Kollam_District_panchayath_president
Achankovil Dharmasastha (Lord Ayyappa) Temple, Kollam, Kerala
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:55
- Updated: 15 Sep 2012
Featured in this video is Achankovil Sri Dharmasastha (Lord Ayyappa) temple in Kollam district, Kerala state, India. For more information on this video click - www.indiavideo.org Video by invismultimedia.com
http://wn.com/Achankovil_Dharmasastha_Lord_Ayyappa_Temple,_Kollam,_Kerala
Freshwater Lake Sasthamkotta Kollam
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:00
- Updated: 10 Apr 2012
Sasthamkotta lake, the largest freshwater lake in Kerala. It is in Kollam district. For more information on this freshwater lake click - www.indiavideo.org Video by www.invismultimedia.com
http://wn.com/Freshwater_Lake_Sasthamkotta_Kollam
KSU Kollam district committee YouTube
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:09
- Updated: 09 Aug 2011
http://wn.com/KSU_Kollam_district_committee_YouTube
Palaruvi Waterfall Kollam District Kerala India
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:07
- Updated: 23 Jul 2012
This waterfall falls in the border of Kerala and Tamilnadu.
http://wn.com/Palaruvi_Waterfall_Kollam_District_Kerala_India
Kollam District Collector Visited Palaruvi Water Falls
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:14
- Updated: 16 Aug 2012
Kollam District Collector Visited Palaruvi Water Falls
http://wn.com/Kollam_District_Collector_Visited_Palaruvi_Water_Falls
MUHAMMED FAROOQ NAYEEMI KOLLAM addressing SSF kannur District Sahithyolsav'10, thaliparamba. rushdi9995256729@gmail.com.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:01
- Updated: 22 Dec 2010
video uploaded from my mobile phone
http://wn.com/MUHAMMED_FAROOQ_NAYEEMI_KOLLAM_addressing_SSF_kannur_District_Sahithyolsav'10,_thaliparamba_rushdi9995256729@gmailcom
kollam, mangad sreekumarapuram temple pooya mahotsavam
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:50
- Updated: 18 Oct 2011
kollam, mangad sreekumarapuram temple pooya mahotsavam. an ancient temple in mangad ,kollam,,found by sreenarayana guru. this is a very famous utsavam in kollam district.
http://wn.com/kollam,_mangad_sreekumarapuram_temple_pooya_mahotsavam
Village Thazhava Kollam
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:10
- Updated: 07 Apr 2012
Thazhava in Kollam district of Kerala is a small beautiful village. Here many seek a livelihood based on Thazha or screw pine. For more information on this video click - www.indiavideo.org Video by www.invismultimedia.com
http://wn.com/Village_Thazhava_Kollam
Parppidam kollam district Christmas party family.mp4
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:46
- Updated: 24 Jun 2012
Parppidam Veedu kollam district ,family members & grant childrens celeberating christmas 2010
http://wn.com/Parppidam_kollam_district_Christmas_party_familymp4
Sasthamkotta Temple, Kollam, Kerala
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:40
- Updated: 28 Sep 2011
Video of Sri Dharmasastha temple at Sasthamkotta in Kollam district, Kerala. For more information on this video click - www.indiavideo.org Video by invismultimedia.com
http://wn.com/Sasthamkotta_Temple,_Kollam,_Kerala
02 Adv Prakask Babu kollam District secretry
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:12
- Updated: 17 Feb 2011
http://wn.com/02_Adv_Prakask_Babu_kollam_District_secretry
VIJAY FANS KOLLAM VELAYUHTAM RELEASING FESTIVAL
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 21:17
- Updated: 13 Nov 2012
VELAYUTHAM RELEASING FESTIVAL BY VIJAY FANS KOLLAM DISTRICT COMMITTEE.. vijaybabu-vijayfanskollam.co.nr
http://wn.com/VIJAY_FANS_KOLLAM_VELAYUHTAM_RELEASING_FESTIVAL
Palaruvi, Kollam, Kerala Tourism
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:05
- Updated: 09 Jun 2012
Palaruvi one of the beautiful waterfalls in Kerala is in Kollam district.
http://wn.com/Palaruvi,_Kollam,_Kerala_Tourism
"Anayadi Pazhayidam Sri Narasimha Swami Temple Kollam Quilon Kerala Tourism"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:08
- Updated: 24 Aug 2012
Anayadi Pazhayidam Sri Narasimha Swami Temple, a famous temple in Kollam district in Kerala.
http://wn.com/Anayadi_Pazhayidam_Sri_Narasimha_Swami_Temple_Kollam_Quilon_Kerala_Tourism
photo: AP / Jerome Delay
25 Nov 2012
Joseph Kabila, president of the Democratic Republic of Congo, has held direct talks with the leader of the M23 rebels in Uganda, hours after a regional summit called on them to end their offensive in the east of the country. Jean-Marie Runiga Lugerero, the political leader of the eastern DR Congo rebel group, said on Sunday he had an initial meeting with Kabila after the summit in the Ugandan capital, Kampala, ended on Saturday....(size: 20.0Kb)
photo: AP / Henry Griffin
26 Nov 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling "In our opinion and from our experience," declared John Kerry in 1971, "there is nothing in South Vietnam which could happen that realistically threatens the United States of America. And to attempt to justify the loss of one American life in Vietnam, Cambodia or Laos by linking such loss to the preservation of freedom..is to us the height of criminal hypocrisy..." ... The U.S....(size: 6.4Kb)
photo: AP
26 Nov 2012
This town of 19,000 nestled in an idyllic mountain pass of impossibly green pastures and golden autumn trees is on the front lines of Turkey's rapidly escalating guerrilla war. In a struggle for autonomy as well as independent language and education rights, the outlawed Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) has waged a low-grade conflict in Turkey for decades. ... 4 just as a Turkish army tank rolled by. ... "The violence is getting worse....(size: 8.8Kb)
photo: AP / Mohammed Asad
24 Nov 2012
Cairo. President Mohamed Morsi insisted on Friday that Egypt is on the path to “freedom and democracy” after granting himself sweeping powers, which sparked clashes between his supporters and foes and raised concerns abroad. “Political stability, social stability and economic stability are what I want and that is what I am working for,” he told a gathering of fellow Islamists outside the presidential palace. ... “We need stability....(size: 4.8Kb)
The Hindu
26 Nov 2012
K. Paul Abraham, XI A, St. Michael's, Kollam
Keywords: childrens writing, Young World
....(size: 0.4Kb)
The Hindu
26 Nov 2012
Pepper prices fell on Monday as buyers stayed away anticipating prices to drop significantly when the new crop hits the market after mid-Dec. ... However, green pepper is being harvested in Pathanamthitta, Kollam and Thiruvananthapuram districts of Kerala so as to cater to the demand from the industry which manufactures dehydrated green pepper and green pepper in brine. ... Total turnover increased by 1,576 tonnes to 2,584 tonnes....(size: 1.8Kb)
The Hindu
26 Nov 2012
Ernakulam’s A.S. Anand and Thiruvananthapuram’s A.R. Nikhil won gold medals in the National schools swimming championship which ended in Pune on Sunday. ... S. Arun (2 silver), and S. ... Sreeresh and A.J. Rohit. ... Poojamol’s 37 points went in vain as Kollam’s SN Trust defeated Mount Carmel 61-56 and won the girls’ title in the fourth KE Carmel Trophy all-Kerala schools basketball tournament at Muhamma on Monday....(size: 2.4Kb)
The Times of India
25 Nov 2012
HYDERABAD: South Central Railway has announced 36 special trains from Hyderabad to Kollam via Kazipet Renigunta and also via Nadikudi, Guntur and Reniguta to clear the extra rush of passengers and pilgrims heading to Sabarimalai. ... Hyderabad-Kollam special train (via. Nadikudi, Guntur, Renigunta) will leave from Hyderabad at 3.55 pm on December 30 and on January 2, 2013 to arrive in Kollam at 10.15 pm the next day....(size: 1.7Kb)
Newstrack India
25 Nov 2012
... | Civil Court Ndtso | Civil Lines Sultanpur | Civil Liens Ndtso | Civil Line Rampur | South Civil Lines | Civil Line | Civil Hospital | Civil Coursts | Civil Station Kannur | Calicut Civil Station Ho | Malappuram Civil Station | Kollam Civil Station | Alipore Civil Court Post comments: ) : ): Comments: HOME | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ....(size: 3.0Kb)
The Hindu
24 Nov 2012
Accordingly, the Chandy faction would get Kasaragod, Kozhikode, Malappuram, Kottayam, Idukki, Pathanamthitta and Kollam, while the Chennithala faction would get Kannur, Wayanad, Palakkad, Thrissur, Ernakulam, Alappuzha and Thiruvananthapuram. ... Shukkoor, a Chennithala supporter, while in Kollam, the Chandy faction might experiment with either Shanavas Khan or Mr....(size: 3.6Kb)
The Times of India
23 Nov 2012
The discussions were postponed several times following a lack of consensus in selecting the DCC president posts in districts like Kannur, Kollam, Palakkad and Thrissur. Both the 'I' and 'A' groups are not willing to give up their claim for the Kannur and Kollam DCC posts and this has been an unending discussion within the party. ... Both the groups are not ready to take over the Kollam DCC president post....(size: 2.3Kb)
The Hindu
23 Nov 2012
The M.Sc. ... Aquaculture course of the M.G. ... The Council recommended that the departments of Physics and Chemistry at Fatima Mata National College, Kollam, be elevated as research centres. A similar recommendation was made for the Department of Physics at TKM College of Arts and Science, Kollam....(size: 1.4Kb)
The Times of India
23 Nov 2012
MADURAI: Toll collection from passengers travelling into Tirumangalam on National Highway (NH) 208 (Madurai-Kollam) at the Kappalur toll plaza was temporarily stayed by the Madurai bench of the Madras high court on Thursday. ... Such passengers need not use NH-7, the petitioner pointed out. ... ....(size: 1.3Kb)
The Hindu
23 Nov 2012
Some allege that the system followed for hallmarking is flawed, with only a random sample or two tested for purity. ... Even customers seem to be steadily losing faith in hallmarking. ... A fee of Rs. ... Kamat asked. ... Abdul Nazar, president of the Kerala Gold and Silver Merchants Association Kollam unit, said the BIS too was running away from its responsibility on quality control by failing to clarify the responsibilities of the hallmarking centres....(size: 3.5Kb)
The Times of India
22 Nov 2012
KOLLAM: Kollam locals are trying to save the 108-year-old 13 Kannara railway bridge through an innovative contest. ... The railway bridge is the longest of the 15 bridges on the Kollam-Shencottai railway line and is part of celluloid history. ... Kollam residents feel that this move may forever destroy the beauty of the bridge and so they have formed a forum to protect the bridge. ... "There are cash prizes for selected proposals. ... ....(size: 2.3Kb)
The Times of India
22 Nov 2012
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM: The state road transport corporation (KSRTC) will soon introduce real-time booking for inter-state and long-distance services. ... Once the system comes into effect, a passenger can reserve ticket from Kollam in a bus from Thiruvananthapuram to Ernakulam after checking the availability of vacant seats any time before the bus reaches Kollam. ... The corporation also expects the system to aid in monitoring malpractices. ... ....(size: 2.3Kb)
Deccan Herald
22 Nov 2012
The tussle between Forest Minister K G Ganeshkumar and his father, Kerala Congress (B) chairman K Balakrishna Pillai, has drawn the United Democratic Front in Kerala into mire. On Thursday, Ganeshkumar was shown a black flag at a function in Kollam. Shaju Rahammath, a Pillai loyalist and Kerala Congress (B) state committee member, has been arrested. ... Finally, police released the man....(size: 1.8Kb)
This article is about the district. For its eponymous headquarters, see Kollam.
| Kollam district കൊല്ലം | |
| — district — | |
|
|
|
| Coordinates | 8°48′N 76°36′E / 8.80°N 76.6°E / 8.80; 76.6Coordinates: 8°48′N 76°36′E / 8.80°N 76.6°E / 8.80; 76.6 |
| Country | India |
| State | Kerala |
| Headquarters | Kollam |
| Collector | P.G. Thomas IAS |
| Population • Density |
2,585,208 • 1,038 /km2 (2,688 /sq mi) |
| Time zone | IST (UTC+05:30) |
| ISO 3166-2 | IN-KL-02, KL-23, KL-24, KL-25, KL-61 |
| Website | www.kollam.gov.in |
Kollam district (formerly Quilon) is one of 14 districts of the state of Kerala, India. The district has a cross-section of Kerala's natural attributes; it is endowed with a long coastline, a major Arabian Sea seaport and an inland lake (Ashtamudi Lake). Kollam is the capital of Kerala's cashew industry. Plains, mountains, lakes, lagoons and backwaters, forests, farmland and rivers make up the topography of the district. The area had trading relationships with Phoenicia and Ancient Rome. About 30 percent of the district is covered by Ashtamudi Lake,[1] making it a gateway to the Kerala backwaters. The Thevalakara and Thekkumbagam panchyaths established the ancient korekini ("sea pointed inland") port of Tarsish in 1500 BC. Kollam is also known as The God's Own Capital.[2]
Geography[link]
Kollam district is located on the southwest coast of India, bordering Arabian Sea in the west, the state of Tamil Nadu in the east, Kerala district of Alappuzha in the north, Pathanamthitta in the northeast and Thiruvananthapuram in the south. It covers 2,492 square kilometres (962 sq mi), is the seventh-largest district in Kerala and is densely populated. Sasthamkotta Lake, the only freshwater lake in Kerala, is located in Kollam; this lake provides drinking water to the city of Kollam. Two major rivers (the Kallada and the Ithikkara) drain the district. Ashtamudi Lake and Paravur Kayal are two important lakes in the district. Ashtamudi Lake covers 30 percent of total area of the district. Kollam is located on Ashtamudi Lake. Neendakara, a major fishing port in southern Kerala, is also located on this scenic lake. Edava and Nadayara Lakes are also partly located in Kollam district.
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Alappuzha district | Pathanamthitta district | |
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| Lakshadweep Sea |  |
Tirunelveli district, Tamil Nadu | ||
 Kollam district East |
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| Thiruvananthapuram district |
[edit] Climate
Kollam's temperature is almost steady throughout the year. The average temperature ranges from 25 to 32 degrees Celsius. Summer usually runs from March until May; the monsoon begins by June and ends by September. Kollam receives an annual average rainfall of around 2,700 millimetres (110 in). Winter is from November to February; the temperature is moderately cool, ranging from 18 to 25 degrees Celsius.[1]
| Climate data for Kollam (Quilon)[1] | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C | 32 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 32 | 33 |
| Average low °C | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 24 | 23 | 23 | 24 | 24 | 23 | 23 | 22 |
| Precipitation mm | 24.4 | 30.9 | 77.7 | 159.5 | 246.9 | 458.8 | 408.9 | 258.9 | 211.2 | 332.5 | 230.8 | 65.4 | 2,700.0 |
| Average high °F | 90 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 90 | {{{year high F}}} |
| Average low °F | 72 | 73 | 75 | 77 | 77 | 75 | 73 | 73 | 75 | 75 | 73 | 73 | {{{year low F}}} |
| Precipitation inches | 0.961 | 1.217 | 3.059 | 6.28 | 9.72 | 18.063 | 16.098 | 10.193 | 8.315 | 13.091 | 9.087 | 2.575 | 106.299 |
| Source no. 1: [3] | |||||||||||||
| Source no. 2: [4] | |||||||||||||
Demographics[link]
According to the 2011 census Kollam district has a population of 2,629,703,[5] roughly equal to the nation of Kuwait[6] or the US state of Nevada.[7] This gives it a ranking of 155th in India (out of a total of 640 districts).[5] The district has a population density of 1,056 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,740 /sq mi) .[5] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 1.72 percent.[5] Kollam has a sex ratio of 1113 females for every 1000 males,[5] and a literacy rate of 93.77 percent.[5]
Administration[link]
The history of the district's administration can be traced back to 1835, when the Travancore state consisted of two revenue divisions with headquarters at Kollam and Kottayam. When Travancore and Cochin were combined into Travancore-Cochin, Kollam was one of the three revenue divisions. When the state of Kerala was formed in 1957, Chenkotta taluk was merged with the state of Madras. Later in 1957, the Cherthala, Ambalapuzha, Mavelikara, Karthikapalli, Chengannur and Thiruvalla taluks (formerly in Kollam district) were united to form the new district of Alappuzha. In 1983, Pathanamthitta taluk and nine villages of Kunnathur taluk were removed from Kollam district to form the new Pathanamthitta district.[8]
District administration[link]
Kollam district has five administrative subdivisions (taluks): Punalur, Kunnathur, Kottarakkara, Karunagappally and Kollam. The district collector, a key functionary of the government, heads the district administration. He or she plays a dual role: the agent of government and chief administrator of the district, reporting to the state government. Among other tasks, maintaning law and order is a priority for district collector. The district collector is also the head of the Land Revenue Department of the district. The district has one revenue division, with its headquarters at Quilon. For administrative purposes, Kollam district is divided into 5 taluks, 13 blocks, 69 Panchayats, 1 corporation, 3 municipalities and 104 villages. The Kollam Civil Station was built in 1956 to incorporate all government offices in one place.
Police administration[link]
Police administration in Kollam is divided into two districts: urban and rural. The City Police is headed by a City Police Commissioner, an IPS (Indian Police Service) officer with the rank of SP; its headquarters is at Kollam. The rural police is headed by the Rural Superintendent of Police (SP), with its headquarters at Kottarakkara. Both heads report to the Inspector General of Police (IGP), Thiruvananthapuram Range (Kerala).
The Kollam City Police is divided into three subdivisions, each under an Assistant Commissioner of Police (ACP): Karunagappally, Kollam and Chathannoor. Each subdivision is divided into circles, headed by the Circle Inspector of Police. Each circle is divided into a number of police stations, headed by a Sub-Inspector of Police. The Kollam Rural Police District is divided into two subdivisions, each under a Deputy Superintendent of Police (DySP): Kottarakkara and Punalur. There are a total of 29 police stations, in 13 circles. Kollam city traffic is controlled by the City Traffic Police, with a Traffic Police Station located near the Asramam Ground. Kerala's first coastal police station was established in Neendakara, Kollam.[9]
The first police museum in India (the Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Police Museum) has a large collection of police artifacts and rare photographs. The museum has a room dedicated to officers killed in the line of duty.[9] The forensic section has a large collection of photographs. The museum is located at the Kollam East Police Station.
Taluks[link]
Kollam is administratively divided into five taluks, which are subdivided into 104 villages. The tahsildar is the revenue official in charge of each taluk.
[edit] Lok Sabha constituencies
Main article: Kollam (Lok Sabha constituency)
Three Lok Sabha (lower house) constituencies constitute Kollam district. They include the Chavara, Kundara, Eravipuram, Kollam, Chathannoor, Chadayamangalam and Punalur assembly constituencies. While the Kunnathur, Kottarakkara and Pathanapuram constituencies are in the Mavelikkara Lok Sabha constituency, the Karunagapally assembly constituency is in the Alappuzha Lok Sabha constituency.
[edit] Assembly constituencies
Kollam district elects 11 representatives (MLAs) to the Kerala Legislative Assembly. The district has a rich political history; the party receiving the majority of votes in Kollam has always gone on to form the government in Kerala. Kollam district has two ministers in the Kerala government.
Religion[link]
Main article: Religion in Kollam District
Hinduism, Islam and Christianity are the prominent religions in this district.
Hindu worship[link]
Main articles: Oachira Temple, Kottarakkara Sree Mahaganapathi Kshethram, and List of Hindu temples in Kerala
The Mukhathala Murari (Sri Krishna Swamy) Temple[10] at Mukhathala is about 10 km from Kollam city.
The Poruvazhy Peruviruthy Malanada (popularly known as Peruviruthy Malanada, or Malanada) is located at Edakkad Ward (Kara) in Poruvazhy Village, Kunnathoor Taluk. It is the northern border of Kollam district and includes Kadampnad in Pathanamthitta and the Alappuzha district. The temple is equidistant from Adoor (MC Road) on the northeast and Sasthamcottah on the southeast. It is also accessible from Kayamkulam and Karunagappally on NH 47 and Kottarakkara (via Puthoor or Enathu) on the MC road (approximately 25 km from each).
Oachira, located in the north of the district on National Highway 47, is known for its Oachira Parabrahma Temple.[11] Oachirakali is an annual event at the padanilam (paddy fields) in the month of Vrichikam. The Oachira Town Masjid (mosque) and the Oachira Temple are situated close to one another, a symbol of communal harmony. This temple is also a Sabarimala edathavalam.
.jpg)
The Mahaganapathi (Ganesha) Temple at Kottarakara,[12] famous for its Unniappom, is one of the most venerated Ganesha temples in Kerala. The major vazhipadu (offerings) of the Kottarakkara temple are the Udayasthamaya pooja. The main deity of this temple is Shiva, but it is now a Ganesha temple.[12]
Asramam Sreekrishna Swamy Temple,[13] on the shore of Ashtamudi Lake, is one of the best-known temples in Kollam. The main deity is Krishna as a boy, with butter in both palms. The arattu mahotsavam (festival) of this temple is known as kollam pooram.[14] The kollam pooram is held annually in Asramam maidan.[15][16]
Ammachiveedu Temple[17] is located in the town area. It was established by an aristocratic family, Ammachi Veedu. The annual festival falls on Dhanu every year, but it is to be done after the Mandala Pooja.
The Edavanadu Bhagavathi Temple is the major Durga temple in Kollam district. It is situated in the Mathilil Town area, Kollam.
The Anchal Agasthyakode Mahadeva Temple is another major Mahadeva temple in Kollam district. It is situated in Anchal Panchayath. Every year during Sivarathri, people from every caste and religious background come for the religious festivities (such as Jikku Krishnalayam).
The Thrikkadavoor Mahadeva Temple is the best-known Shiva Temple in the District. It is situated in the Thrikkadavoor Panchayath, on the banks of the Ashtamudi lake. The annual Srattu festival attracts thousands of people from around the world; the festival falls in the month of Kumbham (February). The eight artificial horses (which represent the eight areas (karas) around the temple) are a special attraction for tourists.
Kolloorvila Bharanikkavu Devi temple is located in Madannada, on National Highway 47. Its annual festival lasts 41 days, and is held on bharani nakshatra of meenam month (according to the Malayalam calendar, Kollavarsham).
The Veerabhadra Swamy Temple at Ashtamudi is the only temple in the southern part of the district with Veerabhadra as the presiding deity. The temple is woned by the Kuttiyazhikams in Karuva, a 250-year-old Ezhava family.
Umayanalloor Sri Balasubramania (Murugan) Swamy Temple [18] is situated on NH-47, about 8 km from Kollam. The temple is visited by thousands of devotees. Its Aana Vaal Pidutham[18] Mahotsavam (during the Malayalam month of Meenam (mid-March) attracts hundreds of worshipers from all over the state. Devotees run after an elephant and catch its tail, symbolising the childhood pranks between the deities Subramanyan (Murugan) and Ganesha. Thaipuyyam is also celebrated. Legend has it that the temple was built by the powerful female ruler Umayammarani of the Venad Kingdom about 500 years ago. Aryankavu, in the Western Ghats, is the easternmost point in the district on the National Highway. One of five ancient Ayyappa temples is situated here; two others are at Achankovil and Kulathupuzha in the district.
Shri Mahadevar Temple, Padinjattinkara, Sree Bhootha Natha Temple, Kulashekharanallor Srikrishnaswami, the Devi temple at Kottarakara, Chennamath Temple and Vilappuram Bhagavathy Temple at Chathannoor are other well-known temples. Polachira (near Vilappuram Temple) and Anathavalam (elephants' shelter) at Chirakkara are also scenic locations.
Thalavoor Sri Durga Devi Temple, Thazhava Pulimukham Devi Temple, Peroor Karunalloor Bhagavathy Temple, Pattazhy Devi Temple, Kundara Ilampalloor Devi Temple and Paravur Puttingal Devi Temple are other Hindu temples in the District.
Another important temple is the Kottamkulangara temple near Chavara,[19] where there is a tradition of males participating in Vilakkeduppu wearing women's dresses.
The Koonambaikulam (Malayalam: വലിയകൂനംബായ്കുളം) temple is also popular. Its deity is a goddess named Koonambaikulathu Amma. Other temples in Kollam include the Peroor Sree Meenakshi Temple at Punthalathazham and the Mangalathu Temple[20] at Punthalathazham.
Ashram[link]
Main article: Mata Amritanandamayi
The guru Mata Amritanandamayi has her spiritual abode on the shores of the Arabian Sea at Amritapuri,[21] in the Karunagappalli taluk of Kollam district. Parayakadavu, a coastal village near Karunagapally, is the birthplace of Mata Amritanandamayi and her headquarters. The Thirumullavarom Temple is another well-known temple in Kollam, situated near the Arabian Sea where thousands came annually for the Vavu Bali.
Christian worship[link]
Main article: Roman Catholic Diocese of Quilon
St. Peter's Church in Moothakara (built in 1610) was one of the first churches in Kollam.[22] In 1771 Joseph De Clements Joseph S.J., Bishop of Cochin (who was, however, not allowed to enter Cochin) settled in Moothakara. A chapel and residence was built in 1780 by Fr. Salvador Dennis. Bishop Joseph remained; he died in 1791, and was buried in the church. On the feast of St. Peter in Moothakara, the sea is symbolically opened with the keys of Peter by the parish priest. The church has become a center for pilgrims, with reported miracles. It is within walking distance of the Civil Station in Kollam. St. Casmir's Church in Mathilil, Kollam was the first church named for the saint in India. It is located about 1.5 km from the high school.
St. Mary's Jacobite Syrian Cathedral is located in Kundara, about 200 meters from Arumurikkada Junction (NH 208) on the Arumurikkada-Kuzhimathikadu-Nallila Road.[23] The church, in Malankara, is an integral part of the Universal Syriac Orthodox Church with the Patriarch of Antioch, His Holiness Ignatius Zakka I Iwas as its supreme head.[24] The local head of the church in Malankara is the Catholicos of India, Aboon Mor Baselios Thomas I,[25] ordained by (and accountable to) the Patriarch of Antioch. The Feast of the Virgin Mary's birth is celebrated from September 1–8 annually. On the evening of September 7, a rasa (procession) is conducted from the church to Cheerankavu Junction (in the east), Mukkada Junction (in the west) and back to the church.
The apostle Thomas founded one of his "seven-and-a-half churches" near the kore-ke-ni- ("inland port") of Kollam. They were family (or community) churches, as neither the Bible was codified nor the cross acknowledged as the symbol of Christian faith in the first century AD. The church, founded by Thomas at the ancient inland Kollam port of Thondis (or Tyndis—Nelcynda to the Greeks) near Beckara (Thevalakara), was reorganized three times. The second reorganization of the Tyndis Christian Nambuthiri community (which was still within Vedic Vaishnavism) was in the 4th century, when a Persian cross brought from a Red Sea port was erected in accordance with the Council of Nicaea. The council was called by Constantine I (an unbaptized catechumen, or neophyte), who presided over the opening session and took part in discussions making the cross the symbol of Christian faith the world over. In 825 AD Mar S(abo)r ministered here, receiving the tarsi sh-a-palli sasanam (royal sanction for the introduction of Syrian liturgy) at Thevalakara, as the first church founded by him with Syrian liturgy; this laid the foundations for Christianity as a religion in Kerala outside Vedic Vaishnav
Muslim worship[link]
sheikh-masjid-karunagapally' ochira-juma-ath-masjid' kottukadu-juma-masjid-chavara' Valiyapalli, Janakappuram, Juma-Atrh-Palli, Kollurvila, Jumma-Ath-Masjid, Thattamala, N-Muslim Jumma-Ath-Palli, Kalamala Palli (Karuva), Muthirapparambu Palli (Kalamala), Muthirapparambu and Siyavathummodu Palli (Kilikolloor) are the best-known mosques.
Health[link]
Kollam has a fairly-well-developed network of medical facilities.[citation needed]
Tourism[link]
Palaruvi Falls, Thenmala (forests and reservoir), the Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve, Ashtamudi (backwater) and beaches at Kollam, Thirumullavaram and Thangassery are scenic areas.
Ashramam Tourist Village is a well-known tourist destinations in Kollam city; the tourist village is located on the banks of Ashtamudi Lake. Ashramam is a hub of tourism activities in Kollam, and the District Tourism Promotion Council (DTPC) office is located within the village.
The Ashramam maidan (Ashramam ground), adjacent to the tourist village, is the largest open space within a Kerala Municipal Corporation. It is used for events, sports, as a helipad, for Kollam Pooram and by driving schools. It covers over 60 acres (24 ha) in an oval.
The first community tourism program in the state is being established on the Munroethuruth islands. Backwater tourism is an activity enjoyed in Kollam; Ashtamudi Lake, Munroe Island, Alumkadavu and Paravur are the main backwater destinations. Accommodation is in resorts and on houseboats.
Thenmala, located 66 kilometres (41 mi) east of Kollam, is the first ecotourism project in India and run by the Thenmala Ecotourism Promotion Society.[26][27][28]
Kollam was the seat of the Desinganad kings. Kottarakara is well known as the place where the classical dance form of Kathakali was conceived. It was also the capital of the Elayidath Swaroopam. Kundara is known for the 1812 proclamation against the British by Velu Thampi Dalawa.[29]
Alappad village, located on the seashore, was impacted by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami. Varkala Beach (also known as Papanasham) is 26 kilometres (16 mi) south of Kollam. The Duriyodana Temple is in Kunnathur Taluk. The Sakthikulangara Dharma Sastha Temple-Sree Ayyappa Swamy Temple is known for its Utsavam in the month of Makaram (between mid-January and mid-February).
Polachira, in Chirakkara Gramapanchayat, is a sightseeing destination. The Anathavalam is near here where one can see domestic elephants, touch and ride them. Mannathippara is at Polachira, 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) south of Chathannoor. Sasthamcotta Lake, about 19 kilometres (12 mi) from Kollam, is the largest freshwater lake in Kerala and a domestic tourist destination.[30] Jetayu Para, a large boulder, is located in Chadayamangalam; it is name for a mythical character in the Ramayana. It is believed that Jatayu fell here, after his failed attempt to stop Ravana.[30][31]
[edit] Education
Main article: List of Kollam district schools
According to the 2001 census, Kollam has an overall literacy rate of 91.18 percent; the male literacy rate is 94.43 percent and the female rate is 88.18 percent. These statistics are consistent with the state average, which is higher than the national average.[1] Kollam has a number privately- and state-owned educational institutions. St. Joseph's Convent School at Tuet receives no government aid and has the largest number of students in the world for a school of its type (over 12,000). The state-run school is the Government Model Higher Secondary School For Boys, the oldest school in Kollam. The district has a total of 128 educational institutions under the Department of Higher Education. the Meenakshi Vilasam Government Vocational Higher Secondary School (MVGVHSS) is one of the oldest schools in the district, with over 1,000 students.
_kottiyam_in_2008.jpg)
S.N. Polytechnic is a nodal polytechnic in the district. SNPTC was founded in 1957 by the Sri Narayana Trusts, Kollam under the initiative of its secretary (R. Sankar, former chief minister of Kerala).
Kollam has one kendriya vidyalaya and three other CBSE schools. Schools in Kerala follow both the English and Malayalam methods of education. Kollam has ten professional engineering colleges and two medical colleges. It has 17 arts and science colleges, 11 teacher-training colleges and 7 nursing schools.
[edit] Industry
Kollam district is moderately industrialized. Two government enterprises (the Indian Rare Earths Limited in Chavara and Parvathi Mills) are among the industries in Kollam. Kerala Ceramics Ltd. (Kundara),[32] Kerala Electrical and Allied Engineering Company (Kundara), Kerala Premo Pipe Factory (Chavara), Kerala Minerals and Metals Limited (Chavara), United Electrical Industries-Kollam and Kerala Agro-Fruit Products in Punalur are state-government-owned companies. Private-sector industries include Thomas Stephen & Co. (Kollam), Floorco (Paravur), Cooperative Spinning Mill (Chathannur) and Punalur Paper Mills (Punalur). Nearly 2,000 SSI enterprises have been registered in the district.
Kerala Minerals and Metals (KMML), a Government of Kerala undertaking located on the beaches of Shankaramangalam (Chavara), produces high-grade chemical compounds of titanium such as titanium dioxide pigment, hafnium ore, sillimanite and monazite. These chemicals are used in paints, welding electrodes, ceramics and foundries.[33]
Indian Rare Earths Limited, a Government of India undertaking under the Department of Atomic Energy which incorporated on 18 August 1950, has four production plants: Minerals Divisions at Chavara and Manavalakurichi and an OSCOM and Rare Earths Division at Aluva. IREL is a pioneer in the mining and separation of heavy minerals (such as ilmenite, rutile, zircon, sillimanite, garnet and monazite) from sand.[34] IREL also conducts research and development in mining and minerals.
United Electrical Industries Ltd. (UNILEC) is a public-sector company under the government of Kerala. This ISO 9001:2000-certified company produces electromechanical meters for domestic and industrial use. This company, unique in Kerala, can produce one lakh meters per month.[35]
Technopark–Kollam[link]
A business park (known as Technopark–Kollam) on the banks of Ashtamudi Lake (near Kundara) is nearing completion as of 2011. The park is in a 40-acre (16 ha) Special Economic Zone (SEZ). It is expected to create 10,000 jobs within its first three years of operation. An iconic building has been constructed on the lake, along with a boat terminal for commuter boats from other parts of Kollam city.
Construction status is:
- SEZ Notification issued
- The site office open
- Work on canal embankment begun
- Work on first phase of IT building (100,000 square feet (9,300 m2)) begun
- Land development (compound wall, internal roads) in progress
- 110 kV substation work order awarded to Siemens India Ltd
- Work on water supply and distribution system in progress
[edit] Cashew industry
The cashew industry is centralised in this district. Kollam is approved by the central government as a "centre of cashew industry". Most workers in this industry are women; among them, a majority comes from the poorer sections of the society. There are several cashew-processing units in the district. The Kerala State Cashew Development Corporation Ltd, a Government of Kerala undertaking, has its headquarters in Kollam and serves as a model agency for the cashew-processing industry. The corporation has 30 cashew factories and employs more than 20,000 workers. Another government organisation in this field is CAPEX, which is part of the cooperative sector and has 10 cashew factories.[36] Coir production, handloom industry, clay and wood-based industries contribute to the industrial health of the region.[29]
[edit] Forests and wildlife
According to Government of Kerala estimates 81,438 hectares (314.43 sq mi) of land is under forest cover, mainly in the eastern portion of the district (including the Thenmala, Punalur and a portion of the Achencoil forest divisions). The Thenmala Range, Aryankavu Range and Shendurney Sanctuary comprise the Thenmala division and the Achencoil, Kallar and Kanayar Ranges make up the Achencoil division. The Pathanapuram and Anchal Ranges constitute the Punalur division.
The Shenduruny wildlife sanctuary, 66 kilometres (41 mi) from Kollam, is situated on the southern part of the Western Ghats (8°50' and 8°55'N; 77°5'and 77°15'E) in the Pathanapuram taluk of the district.[37] The name "Shenduruny" is derived from the name of a tree species locally called "Shenkuruny" or "Chenkuruny" (Gluta travancorica), a tree mainly found in this area. An artificial lake of about 26 square kilometres (10 sq mi) has developed following construction of a dam across the Kulathupuzha River. Remnants of Stone Age culture from a large cave situated at the northwestern part of the Shenduruny River was excavated from this sanctuary.[37] These remains belong to the Mesolithic period.
This tropical rain forest has a wide variety of wildlife, and some endangered species are found here. Species found in the sanctuary include bonnet and lion-tailed macaques, Nilgiri langur, gaur (or Indian bison), sambar deer, muntjac (or barking deer), Indian Spotted Chevrotain (or mouse deer), wild boar, Indian elephant and different species of squirrels, such as the Indian giant and Indian palm squirrels.[37]
Agriculture[link]
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The district has a total cultivated area of 218,267 hectares (842.73 sq mi). Paddy, tapioca, coconut, rubber, pepper, banana, mango and cashews are the prominent crops. The average per-family holding of farmland is 0.21 hectares (2,100 m2). 70 percent of the district's labor force is engaged in agriculture or allied activities.
| Products | Area under cultivation (ha) | Production (in tonnes) |
|---|---|---|
| Rice | 11,457 | 24,204 |
| Pepper | 10,633 | 3,235 |
| Ginger | 612 | 1,648 |
| Cashewnut | 4,663 | 3,043 |
| Tapioca | 24,065 | 556,140 |
| Coconut | 71,310 | 411 million |
| Arecanut | 2,502 | 1,710 |
| Rubber | 36,797 | 48,386 |
Irrigation[link]
Two major rivers, the Kallada and Ithikkara, flow through Kollam. The Kallada Irrigation Project (KIP) uses water from the Kallada for irrigation. The project consists of a dam at Thenmala, from which water is diverted for irrigation.
[edit] Fishing
The western portion of Kollam is bordered by the Arabian Sea. Kollam's coastline is 37.3 kilometres (23.2 mi), 6.3 percent of Kerala's total coastline. Neendakara and Sakthikulangara are important fishing villages. There are an estimated 26 villages whose livelihood depends entirely on fishing. Cheriazheekkal, Alappad, Pandarathuruthu, Puthenthura, Neendakara, Thangasseri, Eravipuram and Paravoor are among the prominent fishing villages.[38] One-third of Kerala's fish production (including 60 percent of its prawn catch) is contributed by Kollam, whose average fish production is estimated at 5,275 tonnes. Nearly 3,000 mechanized boats operate out of its fishing harbour.[38]
Animal husbandry[link]
Kollam district has one of the largest livestock populations in Kerala. Cattle are reared chiefly for dairy farming. According to the 2000 animal census, Kollam has an estimated population of 182,434 cows, 6162 buffalo, 131,714 goats and 1,034 pigs. In poultry, the district ranks third in Kerala.
[edit] Transportation
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Kollam is well-connected to all parts of the state by bus and train service.[39][40] It is also connected to neighboring states by frequent bus service operated by the Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) and Indian Railways.[39][40] Kollam has no airport; the nearest airport is Trivandrum International Airport, about 65 kilometres (40 mi) away.[41] The district has a good railway network, with 22 stations and about 132 kilometres (82 mi) of track.[42]
| Ochira | Karunagapally | Shastamkotta |
| Mandrothuruthu | Perinadu | Kollam |
| Eravipuram | Paravoor | Kilikolloor |
| Chanthanathoppu | Perinadu | Kundara |
| Kundara East | Ezhukone | Kottarakara |
| Kura | Aavaniswaram | Punaloor |
| Edaman | Ottakkal | Thenmala |
| Kazhuthurutty | Edappalayam | Aryankkavu[42] |
The district is well-connected to other parts of Kerala and India by National Highways 47, 220 and 208. The state highway—Main Central Road (MC Road) and Punalur-Pathanamthitta-Muvattupuzha (Main Eastern Highway)—connects Kollam with other districts. Intrastate road transportation is served by the KSRTC and private companies. Indian Railways also operates shuttle services between Kollam and the neighbouring districts of Thiruvananthapuram, Kottayam and Alappuzha. There is also a shuttle service between Kollam and Ernakulam.[39] Interstate bus service operates from the Kollam Transport and Kottarakkara Transport bus stations.
Kollam is connected by inland waterways to Thiruvananthapuram and Alappuzha. These waterways are also attractions and scenic tourist destinations in the area. The Kerala State Water Transport Department (KSWTD) had an operating centre near the KSRTC bus stand; however, it is no longer operating boat service from Kollam to Alappuzha. However, round-trip chain-boat service from Kollam to Astamudi via Thopilkadavu, Kureepuzha, Kavanadu and Sampranikodi is to begin this year.[when?] Tourists may hire motorised country boats with amenities (kettavulam in Malayalam).
See also[link]
- Kollam
- Kollam Beach
- Kollam Fest
- President's Trophy Boat Race
- Kollam pooram
- List of Sree Narayana Institutions
- List of Hindu temples in Kerala
- Roman Catholic Diocese of Quilon
- University of Kerala
- Protected areas of Kerala
References[link]
- ^ a b c d Covt of kerala website, kollam page
- ^ http://kollam.nic.in/default.htm
- ^ "Official Web Portal of Government of Kerala". http://www.kerala.gov.in/. Retrieved 8 March 2010.
- ^ "MSN Weather". http://weather.msn.com/monthly_averages.aspx. Retrieved 8 March 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f "District Census 2011". Census2011.co.in. 2011. http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php. Retrieved 2011-09-30.
- ^ US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html. Retrieved 2011-10-01. "Kuwait 2,595,62"
- ^ "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php. Retrieved 2011-09-30. "Nevada 2,700,551"
- ^ Administration page of quilon.com
- ^ a b kollam police official website
- ^ "mukhathala murari temple". http://www.mukhathalamuraritemple.com/.
- ^ Oachira website
- ^ a b Official website of kottarakkara ganapathy temple
- ^ Official website of Asramam Sreekrishna swamy temple
- ^ Official website of Kollam pooram
- ^ http://www.hindu.com/2008/04/05/stories/2008040551540300.htm News article on kollam pooram
- ^ http://www.hindu.com/2009/04/16/stories/2009041653840300.htm News article on kollam pooram Hindu Daily
- ^ Extract on Ammachiveedu temble
- ^ a b The Hindu Daily news about Balasubrahmanya swamy temple
- ^ News article about Kottamkulangara temple chamaya vilakku
- ^ http://mangalathutemple.com
- ^ Amrithapuri website
- ^ St Peter's Church website Retrieved 2011-11-27.
- ^ St. Mary's website Retrieved 2011-11-27.
- ^ Syrian Orthodox Church website Retrieved 2011-11-27.
- ^ Syrian Orthodox Church website Retrieved 2011-11-27.
- ^ Thenmala Ecotourism website
- ^ Thenmala Ecotourism news Hindu Daily
- ^ Thenmala Ecotourism news Hindu Daily
- ^ a b www.kollamcity.com
- ^ a b tourism page of kollam official website.
- ^ Jatayu para article from Hindu Daily t.
- ^ http://www.keralaceramics.com
- ^ KMML official website
- ^ IREL official website
- ^ Official website of UNILEC
- ^ http://www.cashewcorporation.com
- ^ a b c kera prd site
- ^ a b Kerala matsyafed
- ^ a b c Southern Railway
- ^ a b KSRTC official website
- ^ Thiruvanthapuram International airport
- ^ a b kollam railway information
External links[link]
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"Quilon" redirects here. For other uses, see Quilon (disambiguation).
| Kollam Quilon |
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| — city — | |
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| Coordinates | 8°53′N 76°36′E / 8.88°N 76.60°E / 8.88; 76.60Coordinates: 8°53′N 76°36′E / 8.88°N 76.60°E / 8.88; 76.60 |
| Country | India |
| State | Kerala |
| District(s) | Kollam |
| Mayor | Prasanna Earnest |
| City Police Commissioner | Gopesh Aggarwal IPS |
| Population |
349,033[1] (2011[update]) • 5,936 /km2 (15,374 /sq mi) |
| Sex ratio | 1069 ♂/♀ |
| Official languages | Malayalam |
|---|---|
| Time zone | IST (UTC+05:30) |
| Area |
58.18 square kilometres (22.46 sq mi) • 3 metres (9.8 ft) |
| Website | www.kollam.gov.in |
Kollam, often anglicized as Quilon, is a city in the Indian state of Kerala. The city lies on the banks of Ashtamudi Lake on the Arabian sea coast and is situated about 71 kilometres (44 mi) north of the state capital, Thiruvananthapuram. It is the headquarters of Kollam district and a prominent trade and commercial city.
Kollam is the fourth-largest city in Kerala, after Thiruvananthapuram, Ernakulam, Kozhikode, {The new population is taken as city agglomeration} in Kerala on the basis of population and the fifth-largest city on the basis of area. It is known for cashew processing and coir manufacturing. It is considered to be the southern gateway to the backwaters of Kerala and is a prominent tourist destination. The Kollam urban area comprises the fast developing suburban towns such as Kottiyam in the south, Kundara in the east, and Chavara in the north of the city. Other important towns in the city suburbs are Paravur, Eravipuram, Kannanalore, and Anchalumoodu. Karunagapally, Chathannoor, and Kottarakkara are major towns within a distance of 25 km from Kollam city centre towards north, south, and east respectively.
Kollam appeared as Palombe in Mandeville's Travels, where he claimed it contained a Fountain of Youth.[2][3] During the later stages of the rule of the Chera monarchy in Kerala, Kollam emerged as the focal point of trade and politics. Kollam continues to be a major business and commercial centre in the central Travancore region of Kerala.
Contents
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Toponomy[link]
The Malayalam calendar, or Kollavarsham, was created in Kollam at meetings held in the city in 825 CE.[4] The name Kollam is believed to have been derived from the Sanskrit word Kollam, meaning pepper.
History[link]
Kollam was a flourishing port of the Chera Dynasty until the formation of the Venad kingdom, when it became the capital of the independent Venad kingdom.
Kollam during Chera rule[link]
Kollam shares fame with Pattanam (Muziris) as an ancient seaport on the Malabar Coast of India from the early centuries of Before the Christian era.
Kollam had a sustained commercial reputation from the days of the Phoenicians and Ancient Rome. Pliny the Elder (23–79 AD) mentions Greek ships anchored at Muziris and Nelcynda. There was also a land route over the Western Ghats. Spices, pearls, diamonds, and silk were exported to Egypt and Rome from these ports. Pearls and diamonds came to Chera Kingdom from Ceylon and the southeastern coast of India, then known as the Pandyan kingdom.
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Cosmas Indicopleustes, a Greek Nestorian sailor,[5] in his book the Christian Topography who visited the Malabar coast in 550 CE, mentions an enclave of Christian believers in Male (Chera Kingdom). He wrote, "In the island of Tabropane (Ceylon), there is a church of Christians, and clerics and faithful. Likewise at Male, where the pepper grows and in the farming community of Kalliana (Kalliankal at Nillackal) there is also a bishop concecrated in Persia in accordance with the Nicea sunnahadose of 325 AD ."[6] The Nestorian Patriarch Jesujabus, who died in 660 CE, mentions Kollam in his letter to Simon, Metropolitan of Persia.
In 825 CE, the Nestorian monks Mar Abo and Mar Proth arrived in Kollam on the invitation of the ruler of the Venad-a feudatory under the Chera kingdom.[7] The two monks received a Royal sanction called "Tarsish-a-palli" near "Korukenikollam" from Chera ruler Rajashekara varman Ayyanadikal Thiruvadikal, as described on the Tharisapalli plates. Special privileges were given to the Ezhavas in the Tarisapalli sasanam. The two monks were instrumental in founding Christian churches with Syrian liturgy in the Malabar coast area distinct from ancient Hinduism. Mar Abo lived his last years at Thevalakkara, and his remains were buried there in the Martha Mariam Orthodox Church.
Kollam Port[link]
Kollam sea port was founded by Mar Abo with sanction from Udayamarthandavarma the Tamil king from Venad otherwise called Ay kingdom in 825 AD instead of re opening the inland sea port(kore-ke-ni kollam) near Backare (Thevalakara) also known as Nelcynda and Tyndis to the Romans and The Greeks and Thondi to the Taamils and is also the foundation of the new city. It is also believed that Mar Abo actually volunteered to the Chera king to create a new sea port town near at Kollam instead of his request for renewing the almost vanishing Tyndis or Nelcynda inland sea port(kore-ke-ni) at Kollam,lying idle without trade for a few centuries because of the Cheras being over run by pallavas in the 6th century AD ending the spice trade from Malabar coast. This allowed Mar Abo to stay for many decades in Chera kingdom and streamline Christian faith in the St.Thomas tradition with Syrian liturgy replacing the Sanskrit and Vedic prayers.
Kollam, the capital of Venad 9th to 12 century AD[link]
The Malayalam Era began in 825 CE; it is named 'Kolla Varsham' after Kollam, because of the importance of Kollam in the 9th century CE. Ayyanadikal Thiruvadikal granted the Tharisapalli plates copper plate grants in 825 CE to Nestorian Monk Mar S(abo)r Iso who he invited to Kollam, transferring to the Tarsish Church and the community in the St. Thomas tradition of Quilon.[8]
A merchant, Soleyman of Siraf of Persia, visited Malabar in the 9th century and found Quilon to be the only port in India used by the huge Chinese ships as their Transhipment hub for their goods on their way from China to the Persian Gulf. The rulers of Kollam (formerly called 'Desinganadu') had trade relations with China and exchanged embassies. According to the records of the Tang Dynasty (618 AD to 913 AD),[9] Quilon was their chief port of call before 7th century AD. The Chinese trade decreased about 600 AD and was again revived in the 13th century.
In 1291, John of Montecorvino, a Franciscan monk, became a priest at Quilon. Friar Jordanus Catalini, who arrived in 1321, effected large-scale Latin Catholic conversions and was appointed Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Quilon in 1329. Friar Jordanus built a church, called St. Georges Church, with the patronage of Nestorian spice merchants at Jona-ka-puram (the seat of Jordanus Catalini )in Kollam and wrote Mirabilia Descripta. However, after Giovanni de' Marignolli in 1353, this Latin church was converted to a Nestorian church by the Nestorian Christians, and when Portuguese arrived in 1498, only Nestorian Christianity existed in Kerala in a visible way.[citation needed]
Marco Polo, who visited China's Kublai Khan's court, traveled in 1292 through Kollam on his return journey to Venice, and gave an interesting account of the flourishing port of Kollam (coilum, as he called it) and its trade relations inter connectivity with China in the east and Europe to the west. Chinnakada, (China-kada), the city center, was so named after the Chinese merchants. The increase in commercial activity resulted in establishment of a flourishing Chinese settlement at Kollam.[citation needed]
Kollam during Portuguese, Dutch and British conquests (16th to 18th centuries)[link]
The Portuguese were the first Europeans to establish a trading center in Tangasseri, Kollam in 1502, which became the centre of trade in pepper. In the wars with the Moors/Arabs that followed, the ancient church of St Thomas was destroyed. In 1517, the Portuguese built the St. Thomas Fort in Thangasseri, which was destroyed in the subsequent wars with the Dutch. The ruins of the Fort can still be seen in Thangasseri. In 1661, the Dutch took possession of the city. The remnants of the Dutch forts can be found at Thangasseri. In the 18th century, Travancore conquered Kollam, followed by the British in 1795. Thangasseri remains today as an Anglo-Indian settlement, though few Anglo-Indians remain. The Infant Jesus Church in Thangasseri, an old Portuguese-built church, remains as a memento of the Portuguese rule of the area.
Kollam as part of Travancore[link]
Velu Thampi Dalawa of Travancore worked to improve Kollam. He helped build new markets and invited merchants and traders from Madras (now Chennai) and Tirunelveli to set up trade in Kollam. Kollam, to this day has a thriving business in cashew nuts, coir and spices.
The history of the district as an administrative unit can be traced back to 1835, when the state of Travancore consisted of two revenue divisions with headquarters at Kollam.
Kollam, revenue district of Kerala (1949 onwards)[link]
At the time of the integrating of Travancore and Cochin districts in 1949, Kollam was one of the three revenue divisions in the state. Later these three revenue divisions were converted into districts. But Shencottah taluka was merged with Madras state consequent to the implementation of the States Reorganisation Act of 1956. Now the district has a single revenue division with its headquarters at Kollam Taluk Cutcherry.[citation needed]
Geography[link]
Kollam city is bordered by the panchayaths of Neendakara and Thrikkadavoor to the north, Mayyanad to the south, Thrikkovilvattom and Kottamkara to the east and Arabian sea to the west. Ashtamudi lake is in the heart of the city. The city is about 63 km away from Pathanamthitta,82 km from Alappuzha,71 km from Thiruvananthapuram,142 km from Kochi,350 km from Kozhikode and 226 km from Thrissur.
Two major rivers in the district are Kallada and Ithikkara. Kallada river empties into Ashtamudi lake while Ithikkara river to Paravur kayal. Jadayuppara, Palaruvi waterfalls are also important geographical attractions of the district.
Climate[link]
| Climate data for Kollam | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 30 (86) |
31 (88) |
32 (90) |
32 (90) |
31 (88) |
29 (84) |
29 (84) |
29 (84) |
29 (84) |
30 (86) |
29 (84) |
30 (86) |
30 (86.1) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 23 (73) |
23 (73) |
25 (77) |
26 (79) |
25 (77) |
24 (75) |
24 (75) |
24 (75) |
24 (75) |
24 (75) |
24 (75) |
23 (73) |
24.1 (75.3) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 18 (0.71) |
26 (1.02) |
53 (2.09) |
147 (5.79) |
268 (10.55) |
518 (20.39) |
381 (15) |
248 (9.76) |
209 (8.23) |
300 (11.81) |
208 (8.19) |
51 (2.01) |
2,427 (95.55) |
| Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 1 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 11 | 21 | 19 | 16 | 12 | 12 | 8 | 3 | 117 |
| Source: Weather2Travel | |||||||||||||
Demographics[link]
As of 2011[update] India census,[1] Kollam city has a population of 349,033 and a population density of 5900 persons per square kilometre. The sex ratio (the number of females per 1000 males) was 1070 during the census year of 2001. The district of Kollam ranks sixth with respect to the population in the state. The city of Kollam ranks fourth in terms of population in Kerala. Males constitute 49% of the population and females 51%. Kollam has an average literacy rate of 91.47%,[10] higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 84%, and female literacy is 80%. In Kollam, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. Malayalam is the most spoken language. Hindi, English and Tamil are also widely understood in the city.
Civic Administration[link]
Kollam city is governed by a Municipal Corporation which is elected by the residents of the city. The corporation is divided into 55 divisions. Each division is represented by a councilor elected by the people and the Mayor is elected from among the councilors representing the political party with majority seats. There is a corporation Secretary who is the head of the office staff of the corporation. The present Mayor of Kollam Corporation is Mrs. Prasanna Earnest of the CPI(M). The police administration of the city is under the City Police Commissioner who is an IPS(Indian Police Service) officer and he reports to the Inspector General of Police (IGP) Thiruvananthapuram Range. The police administration is under the State Home Department of the Government of Kerala. Kollam City is divided into three sub divisions namely Karunagappally, Kollam and Chathannoor, each comes under an Assistant Commissioner of Police. There is a City Traffic Police wing for controlling the road traffic of the city. The present Kollam City Police Commissioner is Shri.Gopesh Aggarwaal IPS (DIG).
Transport[link]
Rail[link]
Kollam Railway Station is the second largest railway station in Kerala in terms of area after Shornur Junction with a total of 8 platforms. The metre gauge track from Kollam to Punalur was converted to broad gauge under project Unigauge and was inaugurated by the Hon. Minister for State for Railways, E. Ahmed, on 12 May 2010. The Thiruvananthapuram – Ernakulam (via Kottayam and Alappuzha) line passes through Kollam. Kollam has completely electrified railway tracks. Two railway lines passing through Kottarakkara (Chengannur -Kottarakkara – Thiruvananthapuram) and Punalur (Erumeli – Punalur – Thiruvananthapuram) have been proposed and are awaiting survey.[citation needed]
Mainline Electrical Multiple Unit (MEMU) services have started from Kollam to Ernakulamvia: allepy and kottayam from the 2nd week of January 2012.[11][12] A MEMU maintenance shed along with an upcoming Service building will change the face of Kollam Junction Railway Station. Kollam also boasts the longest railway platform in Kerala: which is more than 1 KM long.[citation needed]
Roads[link]
The city is connected to other parts of Kerala and India through the National Highways 47, NH 220 and NH 208 and by the railway network. Transport is provided by State owned Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) and private transport bus operators. Road transport is also supported by private taxis and autorickshaws, also called autos.
Water[link]
The State Water Transport Department operates boat services to West Kallada, Munroe Island and Alappuzha. Double decker luxury boats run between Kollam and Allepey daily. Luxury boats, operated by Government and private owners, operate from the main boat jetty during the tourist season. The West coast canal system, which starts from Thiruvananthapuram in the south and ends at Hosdurg in the north, passes through the city of Kollam and Karunagappally taluk. The Thiruvananthapuram-Shornur canal, which forms a part of the Thiruvananthapuram-Hosdurg system, runs a distance of about 62 km. The other canal systems include the Paravur Kayal, Kollam canal and Chavara canal.
Kollam Port (Thankasseri Port) is the second largest port in Kerala after Cochin Port Trust, as of 2010. The port is undergoing infrastructural development.[citation needed] The port is located near the city of Kollam. Neendakara and Shakthikulangara are twin fishing harbours in Kollam. Neendakara is one of the busiest fishing harbours in South Kerala. Some port operations are carried out through Neendakara as well.
Industries[link]
Kollam, like other districts in the state, is moderately industrialised. Some of the major employers in the public sector are Indian Rare Earths Limited (IRE) at Chavara, Kerala Metals and Minerals Limited at Chavara, Kerala Primo pipe factory at Chavara (closed 3 decades ago); United Electrical Industries (popularly known as the Meter Company) and Parvathi Spinning at Kollam.
Kundara was known as an industrial area with aluminium, ceramics, starch factories,all of them except a portion of 'ceramics' closed. Now a SEZ Techno park has been notified to bring in cutting edge Nano and Information Technology to develop these industries here[citation needed][citation needed]
Cashew industry and cashew board Cashew processing and coir production are the two most important sources of employment in the private sector. Cashew processing and sorting employs a large share of women workers who manually peel and sort cashews into different categories by size. The Kerala State Cashew Development Corporation Limited (KSCDC), Kollam, a Government Company, has 30 cashew factories and employs 20,000 people. Another important source of employment is tile manufacturing using clay. It is expected that a Cashew Board will be set up at Kollam for the development of cashew processing and exporting.[citation needed]
Clay tiles Clay tile manufacturing continues to be a mix of both large scale units and small informal units.[citation needed]
Schools[link]
Infant Jesus and Mount Carmel at Thangasseri were set up during the British Raj as India's leading Anglo-Indian schools while St.Joseph's convent Girls Higher secondary school,Tuet, Govt.Boys Higher secondary school, Thevally and St.Aloysius Higher secondary school have already celebrated the centenary years of cherished existence with over 5,000 students studying in each school. Trinity Lyceum, Krist Raj Boys Higher secondary and Vimala Hridaya Girls Higher secondary schools at Pattathanam are the other three Big Schools in Kollam with over five thousand students studying. Other large schools in Kollam include "St. Mary's Residential School" S.N.Public, S.N. trust, Kendriya Vidyalaya, St. Jude Higher Secondary School, Mukhathala.Other schools in the city include:
- Lake Ford School
- Mayyanad Higher Secondary School, Kollam
- Amrita Vidyalayam(ICSE), peroor, Kollam.
- SNSMHSS,Elampeloor,Kundara,Kollam
- GHSS, Chathannoor, Kollam
- The King's School (Cambridge International School), kottiyam, kollam
- Meenakshi Vilasam Government Vocational Higher Secondary School
- Indian Public School
- National Public School
- The Oxford School
- The City Public School
- Govt. Model High School for Girls, Thevally
- Seventh Day Adventist School
- Peace Public School
- Preshitha Matha ICSE School, Mangad, Kollam
- MES Public School
- AKM Higher Secondary School
- St. Mary's Residential School
- Mahatma Central School
- Vimalahridaya Special School
- TKM Centenary Public School, Kollam
- TKM Higher Secondary School, Kollam
- Navdeep Public School, Decent Jn., Kollam
- Govt. Higher Secondary School, Mangad
- Govt. Higher Secondary School, Vallikeezhu, Kavanad, Kollam
- St.Jude HSS Mukhathal, Kollam
- St. Johns High School, Eravipuram, Kollam
- LVHS GOVT High School, Mynagappally, Kollam Dist.
- MSHS Boys and Girls Higher Secondary School, Mynagappally, Kollam.
- Govt HIgher Secondary School, Sastham Cottah, Kollam.
- Santhinikethan Higher Secondary School Patharam Mynagappally, Kollam
- Govt Higher Secondary School Karunagappaly Kollam.,
- Govt HighSchool Boys & Girls, KArunagappally Kollam.
- CMS LP School Mynagappally Panchayath, Kollam Dist.
- Amritha Higher Secondary School Vallikkavu Karunagappaly, Kollam.
- Sree Buddha Central School Karunagappaly, Kollam
- Thazhava Higher Secondary School Karunagappally, Kollam
- Nehru Memorial English Medium High School, Kaithakuzhy, Kollam.
- KRGPMHSS, Odanavattom, Kottarakkara, Kollam
- Infant Jesus Anglo Indian high school
- The City Central School
Institutions For Higher Education[link]
Arts & Science Colleges[link]
- Sree Narayana College, Kollam
- Sree Narayana College, Punalur
- Sree Narayana College for Women, Kollam
- Fatima Mata National College, Kollam
- TKM College of Arts and Science, Karikode, Kollam
- DB College Sasthamcottah, Kollam
- Baby John Memorial Government College, Chavara, Kollam
- NSS College, Kottiyam, Kollam
- NSS College, Karunagappally.
- Sree Vidyadhiraja Arts And Science College, Karunagappally*
- Saint Gregorius College, Kottarakkara, Kollam
- MSM College Kayamkulam, Kollam,
- SpeedWings Aviation Academy, S.N College Jn. KOLLAM. IATA Authorised Training Centre, WORLD NO.2
Engineering Colleges[link]
- TKM College of Engineering, Karikode, Kollam
- TKM Institute Of Technology,Karuvelil,Kollam.
- UKF College of Engineering and Technology,Parippally.
- Valiyakoonambaikulathamma college of engineering and Technology
- Shahul Hameed Memorial Engineering College,Kadakkal,Kollam
- MES Institute of Technology and Management,Chathannoor.
- Bishop Jerome Institute of Technology, Kollam.
- Sree Narayana Institute of Technology, Vadakkevila, Kollam
- Younus College of Engineering, Kollam.
- College of Engineering, Perumon, Kollam.
- College of Engineering College, Karunagappally, Kollam.
- College of Engineering, Kottarakkara,Kollam.
- Travancore Engineering College, Oyoor, Kollam.
- BMC College Of Engineering, Sasthamcottah, Kollam.
- Amritha school of Engineering,Amritapuri,Kollam.
- Younus College of Engineering for Women,Thalachira P O,Kottarakkara,Kollam
- Hindustan College of Engineering,Arippa,Chozhiyakode P O,Kulathupuzha.
Polytechnic Colleges[link]
- Govt. Polytechnic College, Ezhukone
- Govt. Polytechnic College, Punaloor
- S.N Polytechnic College, Kottiyam
- Model Polytechnic, Karunagappally, Kollam.
ITI[link]
- Govt ITI Chanthanathoppu Kollam.
- Govt Women's ITI Ramankulangara Kollam,
Medical Colleges[link]
- Travancore Medical College, Kollam
- Azeezia Medical College, Kollam
- ESIC Medical College, Kollam
MBA Colleges[link]
- TKM Institute of Management, Kollam
- MSNIMT, Chavara, Kollam
- SN Institute OF Management Kollam.
- University OF Information Technology, Kollam.
- Sankar Institute of Science Technology And Management, Chathanoor, Kollam.
- Speedwings Aviation Academy, S.N College Jn. KOLLAM.
Hotel Management Colleges[link]
- Sankar Institute of Science Technology And Management, Chathanoor, Kollam.
- Speedwings Aviation Academy, S.N College Jn. Kollam.
Nursing Colleges[link]
- Government School of Nursing, Kollam
- Govt. School of Nursing for SC/ST, Kollam
- Upasana College of Nursing
- VNSS College of Nursing
- Bishop Benziger College of Nursing
- Dr.Nair's College of Nursing
- Holy Cross College of Nursing, Kottiyam, Kollam
- Sankars Nursing College, Kollam.
BED Colleges[link]
- BMMC II Training Bed College, Kottarakkara, Kollam
- Adoor Govt. Bed College, Kollam
- Govt. Bed College, Kollam
- Bed College Patharam, Sooranad, Kollam Dist.
- Bed College, Chavara, Kollam
- Bed College Fathima Matha Kollam
- Bed College Varkala.
Notable Events[link]
Kollam Pooram, part of the Ashramam Sree Krishnaswamy Temple Festival, is the biggest cultural celebration in south Kerala. Kollam Pooram is usually held on April 15, and occasionally on April 16. The pooram is held at the Ashramam maidan.
Chittumala Theerthatanam is an annual march held on Thiruvonam, to promote communal harmony; it started in 1968. It starts from Munroe Island 25KM from Kollam and ends at Chittumala.
Culture[link]
 |
This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability. |
Kollam, the capital of the erstwhile Venad, was a centre of learning and culture. It attracted distinguished scholars from all parts of South India. Leelathilakam and Unnuneeli Sandesam, two literary works of historical importance, are contributions of 14th century Kollam. The dance form of Kathakali, in its new version of Ramanattam, was the creation of Kottarakkara Thampuran, who also translated Krishnanattam from Sanskrit to Malayalam.[citation needed]
Other notable figures are K. C. Kesava Pillai, a poet and playwright; he originated the musical play in Malayalam through his work Sadarma. His Kesaveeyam, a Mahakavyam[clarification needed], is of outstanding literary importance. Paravoor Kesavan Asan, the founding editor of Sujanandini, wrote Saratchandrika a study of Ayurvedic system of medicine.
Coming to modern times, Elamkulam Kunjan Pillai and Soornadu Kunjan Pillai, noted literary historians and poets like O. N. V. Kurup, Thirunalloor Karunakaran, Punaloor Balan, novelist and poet Lalithambika Antharjanam are some of the literary luminaries hailing from this district.[citation needed]
Leaders like T. M. Varghese, C. Kesavan, Kumbalathu Sanku Pillai, N. Sreekantan Pillai, R. Sankar and C. M. Stephen who played prominent roles in shaping the socio-political destiny of the State, are also from this district. The district gave birth to well known freedom fighters like Chandiran Kali Ambi, Kadakkal Manthri and Franco Raghavan Pillai.[citation needed]
Training colleges[link]
Kasthoorba Gandhi TTI, Mathilil, Mathilil. Kollam, Kerala was started during 2004. It is owned by Kasthoorba Gandhi memorial women’s charitable society registered under Travancore Cochin Charitable Society’s Act. About 50 women irrespective of caste, creed or politics are members of the society. This is the only TTI in the state which is run by a women’s organization.
Places of worship[link]
Temples[link]
There are a number of temples, ashrams and holy sites in the city, including Sree Subramanya Swami Kshethram Poojappura, in Keralapuram near Kundara. The Mata Amritanandamayi Math is situated at Parayakadavu in this district, about 20 km from the Kollam. Aasramam Sreekrishna Swamy temple is in the city where the annual Kollam pooram takes place. The Mukhathala Murari (Sree Krishna Swamy) Temple[13] at Mukhathala is about 10 km from the city. Umayanalloor Sree Balasubramanya Swamy(Lord Muruga)Temple about 8 km from Kollam. Sree Mahaganapathy temple at Kottarakara about 25 km from Kollam.
Other temples in the city include Kottarakulam Mahaganapathy temple, Mulamkadakom Devi temple, Rameswaram temple, Mahavishnu temple at Thirumullavaram, Ammachiveedu temple, Ashtamudi Veerabhadraswami temple, Pattathanam Ammannada temple, Dharmasastha temple at Kadappakkada,Peroor sree meenakshi temple at Punthalathazham,Mangalathu temple[14] at Punthalathazham,Puttingal temple at Paravur[15] etc.
Mosques[link]
Some of the famous mosques are Valiyapalli at Jonakappuram, Chinnakada juma Masjid, Juma-'Ath Palli at Kollurvila, Juma-'Ath Palli at Thattamala, Muslim Juma-'Ath Palli at Karuva, Kalamala Palli at Kalamala, Muthirapparambu Palli at Muthirapparambu and Siyavathummodu Palli at Kilikolloor.[citation needed]
The 300 year old Juma-'Ath Palli at Karuva houses the mortal remains of a Sufi saint-Syed Abdur Rahman Jifri in its premises.[citation needed]
The Karbala Maidan and the adjacent Makani mosque serves as the Eid gah for the city's. Muthirapparambu Palli is the most important masjid in Kollam District. This masjid is situated in Vellaitambalam. One of the oldest masjid in Kerala, the mosque was built by an Labba family. The Maqbara of Muthirapparambu Uppa is famous in this masjid. Many people, Muslims and non-Muslims, are visiting this maqbara. Other important places are Asthamudi, Thirumullavaram, Mamootilkadavu and Thoppilkadavu, which are located near this masjid. The place has beautiful backwaters, which connect it to Kollam and Allapuzha. Several famous temples and churches are situated in this area.[16][Full citation needed]
Churches[link]
The Apostle Thomas founded one of his "seven and a half churches" in First Century AD at Thevalakara in Kollam.
- Kadeesa Syrian Orthodox Church, Jonakapuram, Kollam, originally founded by the first Latin Bishop of Asia Jordanius Kathlani in the 14th century with the patronage of Nestorian Syrian liturgy Orthodox Christians
- St.Peters Church Moothakara,Infant Jesus Shrine Moothakara is a pilgrim center located near Civil Station
- Fathima Matha Shrine
- St.George shrine, Kadavoor
- St Anthony's Church Vaddy
- The CSI Christ Church,Craven L.M.S, Kollam claims to have its roots in the London Missionary Society. This missionary society like other religious and philanthropic organizations which sprang into existence at the close of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th centuries was the result of the evangelistic revival among the Ezhava & Nadar communities of Kerala
- Infant Jesus Cathedral Thangasseri
- St. Casmir Church Mathilil, Kollam
- St. Sebastin church, Tuet, which is one of the pilgrim center located at kollam city. And Velankanni matha shrine is located at near the kollam bus station.
- Christ the king church, Kottappuram, Mulavana, Kollam
- The Disciples Fellowships, Pattathanam, Kollam
Hospitals[link]
This are some of the hospitals in Kollam. Organizations on this list should either have an accompanying existing article link which verifies their association, or reliable sources as footnotes against the name showing they are notable and in Kollam.
- Kerala E.N.T. Research Foundation (KERF), Thevally[17]
- Bishop Benziger hospital[18]
- Matha Hospital, Mathilil.
- Sanker's Hospital, Kollam
- Upasana Hospital, Kollam
- Dr. Nair's Hospital, Kollam
- Travancore Medical College, Medicity, Byepass, Kollam
- Azeezia Medical College Hospital, Meeyannoor, Kollam
- Kumar Hospital, Kollam
- Holy Cross Hospital, Kottiyam, Kollam
- Prathibha Hospital, Kollam
- ESIC Model Hospital, Ashramom, Kollam
- ESIC Medical College Hospital, Parippally, Kollam
- District Hospital, Kollam
- Govt. Victoria Hospital, Kollam
- Royal Hospital, Chathannoor
- J.S.M Maternity Hospital, Chathannoor
- Shivapriya Ayurveda Hospital, Karammcode, Chathannoor
- AM Hospital, Karunagappally, Kollam
- SBM Hospital, Karunagappally, Kollam
- Appolo Hospital, Karunagappaly, Kollam.
- Padmvathy SUperspecially Hospital, Sastham Cottah, Kollam.
- Parabhrhma Hospital Ochira Kollam,
Physiotherapy Centre[link]
- kaya rehabs (physiotherapy centre),Hospital Jn:,Kundara, Kollam
For Stay[link]
- Hotel Raviz, Mathilil, Kollam
- The Quilon Beach, Chinnakkada, Kollam
- Hotel Nani, Chinnakkada, Kollam
- Hotel Sea Bee
- Hotel Nila Palace, Ezhukone,Kollam
- Aquasserenne Resort, Paravur
Famous Personalities[link]
Industry[link]
- M. K. K. Nair IAS (1930 Dec 29 - 1987 Sep 27, Deputy Secretary of Government of India. Project Manager of Bhilai Steel Plant, General Manager & Managing Director of Fertilizers And Chemicals Travancore Ltd (FACT). Great contributions to industrial sector of Kerala and well known for the uplift of Kerala art and culture, especially Kathakali. He was the Chairman of Kerala Kalamandalam and Member of Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Academy.)
Spiritual leaders[link]
Literature[link]
- Kakkanadan (Writer)
- K. C. Kesava Pillai (Poet)
- Elamkulam Kunjan Pillai (Historian)
- Sooranad Kunjan Pillai (Scholar)
- Lalithambika Antharjanam (Writer)
- Thirunalloor Karunakaran (Poet)
- O. N. V. Kurup (Poet)
- Pattathuvila Karunakaran (Short story writer)
- Johnson Eyeroor (Writer)
- Kureepuzha Sreekumar (Poet)
- Vrindavanam Venugopalan (Writer)
- D. Vinayachandran (Writer)
- K O Johnson (poet)
- K P Appan (Critic)
Politics[link]
- C. M. Stephen (opposition Leader, Republic of India-1977)
- T. M. Varghese (Freedom fighter)
- C. Kesavan (Freedom fighter)
- R. Sankar (Freedom fighter, Leader SNDP yogam, Ex-CM of kerala)
- Thangal Kunju Musaliar
- M. A. Baby {C.P.I (M), C.C.Member}
- P. K. Gurudasan (Minister, Labour and Excise)
- R. Balakrishna Pillai (Former Minister and founder of Kerala Congress)
- Baby john (Former Minister)
- Shibu Baby John (Minister for Labour & Rehabilitation of Kerala)
- K. B. Ganesh Kumar(Minister for Forest, Sports and Cinema of Kerala)
- E.Balandhan {Politburo Member C.P.I(M), C.C.Member}
- B.Wellington(former Minister for Health)
Journalism[link]
- K. Balakrishnan (Journalist)
Theatre, art, music, cinema[link]
- Pannisseri Nanu Pillai[citation needed]
- O. Madhavan[citation needed] (Theater Artist)
- V. Sambasivan[citation needed] (Kadhaprasangam artist)
- Kambisseri Karunakaran, (Journalist, Drama-Cini artist & writer)
- Devarajan Master (Cine Music Director)
- Raveendran (Famous Cine Music Director)
- Resul Pookutty (Oscar award winner, sound technician)
- Shaji N. Karun (Film Director)
- Rajeev Anchal (Film Director)
- Kottarakkara Sreedharan Nair (actor)
- Jayan (actor)
- Thilakan (actor)
- Murali (actor)
- Mukesh (actor)
- Suresh Gopi (actor)
- Kollam Thulasi (actor)
- Balachandra Menon (actor)
- Kundara jhony (actor)
- Urvashi (actress)
- Kalpana (actress)
- Kalaranjini (actress)
- Saikumar[citation needed] (actor)
- K. B. Ganesh Kumar[citation needed] (Cine Artist, Minister for Forest, Sports and Cinema of Kerala)
- Benny Dayal[20] (Playback Singer)
- Thoppil Bhasi(Drama)
Sports[link]
- Suresh Babu (Olympian athlete)
- T. C. Yohannan (Athlete)
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ a b Census March 1, 2001 (via archive.org)
- ^ Mandeville, John. The Travels of Sir John Mandeville. Accessed 24 Sept 2011.
- ^ Kohanski, Tamarah & Benson, C. David (Eds.) The Book of John Mandeville. Medieval Institute Publications (Kalamazoo), 2007. Op. cit. "Indexed Glossary of Proper Names". Accessed 24 Sept 2011.
- ^ Kerala government website
- ^ http://www.ccel.org/ccel/pearse/morefathers/files/cosmas_00_0_eintro.htm
- ^ Travancore Manual
- ^ Kerala Charithram P.59 Sridhara Menon
- ^ Travancore Manual page 244
- ^ Travancore Manual, page 244
- ^ "Kollam District". www.kollam.nic.in. http://kollam.nic.in/edu.html. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
- ^ "Timings of MEMUs included". India: The New Indian Express. 2010-07-02. http://expressbuzz.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/timings-of-memus-included/186348.html. Retrieved 2010-11-17.
- ^ "Kerala / Thiruvananthapuram News : MEMU services figure in timetable". The Hindu. 2010-07-01. http://www.hindu.com/2010/07/01/stories/2010070155280700.htm. Retrieved 2010-11-17.
- ^ "mukhathala murari temple". http://www.mukhathalamuraritemple.com/.
- ^ http://mangalathutemple.com
- ^ http://www.puttingaltemple.org
- ^ Shamnad Ebrahim.
- ^ "Kerala Ent Research Foundation – Home". Kerfspeciality.com. 2008-11-19. http://www.kerfspeciality.com. Retrieved 2010-07-05.
- ^ "Bishop Benziger Hospital". http://www.bishopbenzigerhospital.com.
- ^ Menon, T. Madhava (2002), A handbook of Kerala, Volume 2, International School of Dravidian Linguistics, p. 522, ISBN 978-81-85692-31-9
- ^ "Metro Plus Kochi : S5 's Malayali connection". The Hindu. 2005-05-16. http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2005/05/16/stories/2005051601590100.htm. Retrieved 2010-08-18.
External links[link]
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