- published: 14 Feb 2010
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- author: SightsandSoundsof Pakistan
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- 204 R.B Bawianwala
- Abbottabad
- Abdul-Qadir Gilani
- Achaemenid Empire
- Afsharid dynasty
- Airblue
- Aligarh Movement
- Alluvial deposit
- Ambala
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- Auto Rickshaw
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- Backyard cricket
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- Banga, Pakistan
- Banking in Pakistan
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-
139 Rb Ghammi
Chak 139 RB Ghammi is a village in Chak Jhumra Tehsil in Faisalabad District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It lies 4 kilometers from Salarwala and 12 kilometers away from Sangla Hill. The village is the administrative center of Union Council 5 of Jhumra Tehsil, the village has a population of 3,257. The village was established when some Chatha people came here on digging of Canal Rakh Branch in 1890. These Chatha people came here from Gurdaspur however they are rooted back to Gujaranwala. The village has all the classical traditions of the British era and some elements of post partition of 1947. The English government established two graveyards, one for Christians and one for Muslims beside two areas of Shamshan Ghats one for Sikhs and one for Hindus. The village had once a minority population of Hindus but they all migrated to India in 1947.
Currently the village has a Government Middle School for boys and a High School for girls. The Dehi Markaz health facility, which has 25 beds, was established by the Punjab Government in 1988. This village has two mosques, one ahmdiya mosque, two church and one imam bargah. The people of this village are very educated. This village have all the facilities of life like GAS, TELEPHONE, WATER, DRAINAGE SYSTEM. Hundreds of school teachers belong to this village. Besides it large number of people of this village serving as soldiers in Pakistan forces, like Pakistan Army, Navy and Police and education department etc.
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Abbottabad
Abbottabad /əˈbɒtəbɑːd/ (Urdu, Hindko: ایبٹ آباد Ābṭābād [aːbʈaːˈbaːd̪]) is a city located in the Hazara region of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, in Pakistan. The city is situated in the Orash Valley, 50 kilometres (31 mi) northeast of the capital Islamabad and 150 kilometres (93 mi) east of Peshawar at an altitude of 1,260 metres (4,134 ft) and is the capital of the Abbottabad District. It borders Azad Kashmir to the east. The city is well-known throughout Pakistan for its pleasant weather, high-standard educational institutions and military establishments.
The town of Abbottabad, under the British Raj, was the headquarters of the Hazara District during British rule of India. It was named after Major James Abbott who founded the town and district in January 1853 after the annexation of Punjab. He remained the first Deputy Commissioner of the Hazara district from 1849 until April 1853. Major Abbott is noted for having written a poem titled "Abbottabad", before he went back to Britain, in which he wrote of his fondness for the town and his sadness at having to leave it. In the early 20th century, Abbottabad became an important military cantonment and sanatorium, serving as the headquarters of a brigade in the Second Division of the Northern Army Corps. The garrison consisted of four battalions of native infantry, of the Frontier Force (including the 5th Gurkha Rifles) and two native mountain batteries.
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Achaemenid Empire
The Achaemenid Empire (/ækəˈmɛnɪˌdi/; Old Persian: Parsā, name of ruling dynasty: Haxāmanišiya) (c. 550–330 BCE), sometimes known as First Persian Empire, was an Iranian empire in Southwest Asia, founded in the 6th century BCE by Cyrus the Great who overthrew the Median confederation. It expanded to eventually rule over significant portions of the ancient world which at around 500 BCE stretched from the Indus Valley in the east, to Thrace and Macedon on the northeastern border of Greece making it the biggest empire the world had yet seen. The Achaemenid Empire would eventually control Egypt as well. It was ruled by a series of monarchs who unified its disparate tribes and nationalities by constructing a complex network of roads.
Calling themselves the Parsa after their original Aryan tribal name Parsua, Persians settled in a land which they named Parsua, bounded on the west by the Tigris River and on the south by the Persian Gulf. This became their heartland for the duration of the Achaemenid Empire. It was from this region that eventually Cyrus the Great (Cyrus II of Persia) would advance to defeat the Median, the Lydian, and the Babylonian Empires, opening the way for subsequent conquests into Egypt and Asia minor.
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Ambala
Ambala is a city and a municipal corporation in Ambala district in the state of Haryana, India, located on the border of the states of Haryana and Punjab in India. Politically; Ambala has two sub-areas: Ambala Cantt (छावनी ) and Ambala City(अम्बाला शहर), approximately 3 kilometers apart from each other. It has a large Indian Army and Indian Air Force presence within the confines of its cantonment area. Ambala separates Ganges river network from Indus river network and surrounded by two rivers Ghaggar & Tangri from North & South side.Due to its geographical location, the Ambala district plays an important role in local tourism.
The Ambala Cantonment was established in 1843 after the British abandoned its cantonment at Saphera, following the malaria epidemic of 1841–42. The cantonment houses the ‘2 Corps’ one of the three Strike Corps of the Indian Army.
Ambala was given the status of a district in 1847, formed by the merging the jagir estates of hitherto independent chieftains whose territories had lapsed or had been confiscated by the British Indian Government. In its 160 years of existence as a district, Ambala has witnessed many changes in its boundaries. Its boundaries previously extended across tehsils of Ambala, Saphera, Jagadhri, Pipli, Kharar, Mohali, Ropar and Nalagarh. Kalka-cum-Kurari State, Pinjore, Manimajra, Kasauli & Sanawar were also merged into the district at different points of time.
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Aminpur
Aminpur is a city of Faisalabad District situated at the boundary of Faisalabad district and the Chiniot District of Punjab province in Pakistan. It was the part of the PP-74 (Jhang-II) constituency of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab.
Coordinates: 31°29′N 72°50′E / 31.483°N 72.833°E / 31.483; 72.833
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Andalusia
Andalusia (English /ˌændəˈluːʒə/, /ˌændəˈluːziə/; Spanish: Andalucía [andaluˈθi.a] or [andaluˈsi.a]) is the most populous and the second largest in area of the autonomous communities in Spain. The Andalusian autonomous community is officially recognised as a nationality of Spain. The territory is divided into eight provinces: Almería, Cádiz, Córdoba, Granada, Huelva, Jaén, Málaga and Seville. Its capital is the city of Seville (Spanish: Sevilla).
Andalusia is in the south of the Iberian peninsula, immediately south of the autonomous communities of Extremadura and Castile–La Mancha; west of the autonomous community of Murcia and the Mediterranean Sea; east of Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean; and north of the Mediterranean Sea and the Strait of Gibraltar, which separates Spain from Morocco, and the Atlantic Ocean. The small British overseas territory of Gibraltar shares a three-quarter-mile land border with the Andalusian province of Cádiz at the eastern end of the Strait of Gibraltar.
Andalusia has three major geographic subregions. In the north, the mountainous Sierra Morena separates Andalusia from the plains of Extremadura and Castile–La Mancha on Spain's Meseta Central. South of that, one can distinguish Upper Andalusia, generally the Baetic System, from Lower Andalusia with its Baetic Depression of the valley of the Guadalquivir.
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Attock
Attock (Urdu: اٹک) (formerly Campbellpur) is a city located in the northern border of the Punjab province of Pakistan and the headquarters of Attock District. In the 1901 census, Attock was reported to have had a population of 2866 people, a figure which has grown dramatically during the 20th century with 69,588 reported in the 1998 census and contemporary estimates approaching 100,000.
It is located on the bank of the Indus, just 80 km (50 mi) from Rawalpindi, 100 km (62 mi) from Peshawar, and 10 km (6 mi) from the Pakistan Aeronautical Complex, Kamra.
Gandhara was a historic region of ancient India (which corresponds to areas of north west Pakistan including Attock). Situated astride the middle Indus River, the region had Taxila and Peshawar as its chief cities. It was originally a province of the Persian Empire and was reached (327 B.C.) by Alexander the Great. The region passed to Chandragupta, founder of the Maurya empire, in the late 4th century B.C., and under Asoka was converted (mid-3d cent.) to Buddhism. It was part of Bactria from the late 3d cent. to the 1st cent. B.C. Under the Kushan dynasty (1st cent.–3d cent. A.D.), and especially under Kanishka, Gandhara developed a noted school of sculpture, consisting mainly of images of Buddha and relief’s representing scenes from Buddhist texts, but with marked Greco-Roman elements of style. The art form flourished in Gandhara until the 5th century, when the region was conquered by the Huns.
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Awagat
Awagat is a village of Jaranwala Tehsil in Faisalabad District, Punjab, Pakistan. It is located at 31°9'0N 73°16'0E with an altitude of 175 metres (577 feet).
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Azad Kashmir
Azad Jammu and Kashmir (Urdu: آزاد جموں و کشمیر, Azaad Jammu o- Kashmir, literally Free Jammu and Kashmir ; AJK) or Azad Kashmir (literally Free Kashmir) for short, is the southernmost political entity within the Pakistani-administered part of the former princely state of Kashmir and Jammu. It borders the present-day Indian-controlled state of Jammu and Kashmir to the east (separated from it by the Line of Control), Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa to the west, Gilgit–Baltistan to the north, and the Punjab province to the south. With its capital at Muzaffarabad, Azad Kashmir covers an area of 13,297 square kilometres (5,134 sq mi) and has an estimated population of about four million. Brad Adams the Asia director at Human Rights Watch has said in 2006
Although ‘azad’ means ‘free,’ the residents of Azad Kashmir are anything but, The Pakistani authorities govern Azad Kashmir with strict controls on basic freedoms.
Azad Kashmir and Gilgit–Baltistan together constitute the disputed region, referred to as Pakistan-administered Kashmir by the United Nations and other international organisations, and as Pakistan-occupied Kashmir in India in contrast to the name Indian-occupied Kashmir which is given to the Indian administered Jammu and Kashmir by Pakistan. The territories have been under control of the two countries since the first Kashmir war after which Azad Kashmir was successfully captured from the princely state by the rebelling militias with the help of Pakistan army.
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Bahawalpur
Bahawalpur (Urdu, Saraiki: بہاولپور), located in Punjab, is the twelfth largest city in Pakistan. The city was once the capital of the former princely state of Bahawalpur. The city was home to various Nawabs (rulers) and counted as part of the Rajputana states (now Rajasthan, India). The city is known for its famous palaces such as the Noor Mahal, Sadiq Ghar Palace, and Darbar Mahal, as well as the ancient fort of Derawar in the Cholistan Desert bordering India. The city is located near the historical and ancient cities of Uch and Harappa, which were once a stronghold of the Delhi Sultanate and Indus Valley Civilisation. The city is home to one of the few natural safari parks in Pakistan, Lal Suhanra National Park.
In 2007, the city's population was recorded to have risen to 798,509 from 403,408 in 1998.Punjabi and Saraiki are the major languages of local people, while Urdu is well understood and English is the official languages used in various educational and government institutions. Bahawalpur is located south of the Sutlej River and lies in the Cholistan region near the Thar Desert. It is situated 90 km from Multan, 420 km from Lahore, and 270 km from Faisalabad.
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Ballowana
Ballowana is a village of Faisalabad District near a town Painsra in Punjab, Pakistan.
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Banga chak
Banga Chak is a village situated in the Faisalabad District, Punjab, Pakistan. Village is linked with M3 motorway by Sahianwala interchange. The population is primarily Punjabi . Sugar cane, wheat and rice are the major production in this village. Islam is the major religion of the village. There are two mosques in Banga Chak, Jamia Masjid and Gulzar-e-Madina Masjid
Banga Chak has five major tribal groups:
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Batala Colony
Batala Colony is an area in southern Faisalabad, Pakistan. It comprises a posh residential area with various educational institutes, parks and markets. The famous Satyana Road passes through Batala Colony which is the second biggest jewelry market of the city.
McDonalds, Batala Colony
Babar Chowk, Batala Colony
Bata, Batala Colony
Batala Sweets, Batala Colony
Punjab Group of Colleges
Tips Colleges of Commerce
Chenab School System
Eastern High School
Pasban Computers, Batala Colony
Aqsa Masjid, Batala Colony
Madani Masjid, Batala Colony
ArRazi Hospital, Batala Colony
Coordinates: 31°23′58.26″N 73°06′1.49″E / 31.3995167°N 73.1004139°E / 31.3995167; 73.1004139
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Bhimber
Bhimber (Urdu: بھمبر) is the chief town of Bhimber District, Azad Kashmir in Pakistan. The town is situated on the border between Azad Kashmir and Pakistan at a distance of about 50 km from Mirpur, about 48 km from Gujrat, about 37 km from Jhelum, about 166 km from Islamabad and about 241 km from Srinagar.
Famous Chinese tourist Hune Sang has talked about Bhimber in his journeys in seventh century A.D. For centuries, Bhimber has remained as capital city of Chibhal. Raja Chib Chand who was the first Chib came to Bhimber about 1400 years ago. In Chibs, the first who embraced Islam was Sirsadi who is famous as Hazrat Baba Shadi Shaheed. He died during the reign of King Aurangzeb Alamgir. The last ruler of Chibhals was Raja Sultan Khan (1800-1840). Bhimber has been important strategically. It lies on the route that was followed by the Mughal Emperors for their frequent visits to the Kashmir Valley. It is also known as "Baab-e-Kashmir" (Door to Kashmir) because of its importance and geographical location which was ideal for Mughal Emperors to enter Kashmir. Therefore, the Mughals used Bhimber as a staging point for journey to Srinagar. Mughal Emperor Jahangir discussed Bhimber in his book Tuzk-e-Jahangiri.
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British Empire
The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom. It originated with the overseas colonies and trading posts established by England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. At its height, it was the largest empire in history and, for over a century, was the foremost global power. By 1922 the British Empire held sway over about 458 million people, one-fifth of the world's population at the time, and covered more than 33,700,000 km2 (13,012,000 sq mi), almost a quarter of the Earth's total land area. As a result, its political, linguistic and cultural legacy is widespread. At the peak of its power, it was often said that "the sun never sets on the British Empire" because its span across the globe ensured that the sun was always shining on at least one of its numerous territories.
During the Age of Discovery in the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal and Spain pioneered European exploration of the globe, and in the process established large overseas empires. Envious of the great wealth these empires generated, England, France and the Netherlands began to establish colonies and trade networks of their own in the Americas and Asia. A series of wars in the 17th and 18th centuries with the Netherlands and France left England (and then, following union between England and Scotland in 1707, Great Britain) the dominant colonial power in North America and India. The loss of the Thirteen Colonies in North America in 1783 after a war of independence deprived Britain of some of its oldest and most populous colonies.
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Burj Mandi
Burj Mandi is a village in Chak Jhumra in Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. It is located near the newly formed district of Chiniot, and has a railway station on the Faisalabad Sargodha Railway.
It is part of pp51 of Punjab assambly.
http://www.jang.com.pk/election2002/provincial%20assemblies/punjab1.htm
Its location can be seen at the Satellite Images of Burj Mandi at http://www.maplandia.com/pakistan/punjab/faisalabad/burj-mandi/
original name: Burj Mandi
geographical location: Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan, Asia
geographical coordinates: 31° 39' 25" North, 73° 6' 0" East
Burj mandi village has a basic health unit, girls high school, boys primary school, post office, UBL branch, telephone service, running water and electricity. A market can be found on the high street where mostly residents do their shoppings. People from the near vicinity also comes to the market to make their shoppings. Mosques are plentiful. This part of faisalabad is irrigated by famous Jhang Branch.
Most of the population is Muslim although there are also some Christian families. A large source of income comes from people working abroad in the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, America, Turkey, Spain, UK, Canada, Jordan, Malaysia, Singapore, China, Iran, Iraq and Italy.
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California
California (pronounced
i/kælɨˈfɔrnjə/) is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third most extensive (after Alaska and Texas). It is home to the nation's second- and sixth-largest census statistical areas (Los Angeles Metropolitan Area and San Francisco Bay Area), and eight of the nation's fifty most populated cities (Los Angeles, San Diego, San Jose, San Francisco, Fresno, Sacramento, Long Beach and Oakland). The capital city is Sacramento.
California's diverse geography ranges from the Pacific Coast in the west, to the Sierra Nevada mountains in the east – from the Redwood–Douglas-fir forests of the northwest, to the Mojave Desert areas in the southeast. The center of the state is dominated by Central Valley, a major agricultural area. California contains both the highest and lowest points in the contiguous United States (Mount Whitney and Death Valley), and has the third-longest coastline of all states (after Alaska and Florida). Earthquakes are a common occurrence due to the state's location along the Pacific Ring of Fire: about 37,000 are recorded annually.
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Chak Jhumra
Chak Jhumra is a town and tehsil near the city of Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. It is a sub-division of Faisalabad District and has a Tehsil municipal administration (TMA). Chak Jhumra Town consists of 15 union councils.
The town has an airstrip belonging to the army, but it is rarely used. Chak Jhumra is a railway junction so many people travel through its railway station. The town is connected by road to Salarwala, Shahkot, Chiniot and Faisalabad. In Chak Jhumra, a sizable population uses power looms to earn their livelihood. Public transportation available to this town is in a state of decay.[citation needed] Trains are a major mode of transportation which may not always be punctual.[citation needed]
Despite being a small town, the former prime minister Muhammad Khan Junejo have contested and won elections of National Assembly of Pakistan from Chak Jhumra.[citation needed] However, these high profile parliamentarians could not resolve the problems of the town, which range from transportation to employment opportunities.
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Chak Jhumra Tehsil
Chak Jhumra Tehsil is a sub-division (tehsil) of Faisalabad District in Punjab, Pakistan. It consists on 11 Union councils.
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Chakwal
Coordinates: 32°55′49″N 72°51′20″E / 32.93028°N 72.85556°E / 32.93028; 72.85556
Chakwal (Punjabi, Urdu: چکوال) is the capital of Chakwal District, Punjab, Pakistan. It is located 90 km south-east of the federal capital, Islamabad and is named after Chaudhary Chaku Khan, chief of the Mair Minhas tribe from Jammu, who founded it in 1525 CE during the era of the Mughal Emperor, Zaheerudun Babur. It remained a small but central town of the Dhan Chaurasi Taluka for many centuries. In 1881, during the British era, it was declared the Tehsil Headquarters. It was finally upgraded to district status in 1985. The area of Chakwal city is about 10 square kilometres.[citation needed]
Chakwal is located in the Dhanni region of the Pothohar Plateau in northern Punjab, Pakistan. The Pothohar Plateau (also spelled Potwar or Potohar) (Urdu: سطح مرتفع پوٹھوہار) was the home of the ancient Soan valley civilization, which is evidenced by the discovery of fossils, tools, coins, and remains of ancient archaeological sites. The Indus Valley civilization flourished in this region between the 23rd and 18th centuries BC. Some of the earliest Stone Age artefacts in the world have been found on the plateau, dating from 500,000 to 100,000 years ago. The crude stone recovered from the terraces of the Soan testify to human endeavour in this part of the world from the inter-glacial period.
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Chaman
Chaman (also spelt Chamman) (Pashto/Urdu: چمن ) is the capital of Qilla Abdullah District, Balochistan, Pakistan. It is situated just south of the border with Afghanistan. Across the border in Afghanistan is the neighbouring town of Spin Boldak, in Kandahar Province. The city has a population of 20,000, several thousand of whom are Hindu.
Chaman has a railway station which accommodates services with Kandahar as well as other parts of Afghanistan. A slow passenger train runs between Chaman and Quetta daily. In 2008, it was proposed to extend this railway through Afghanistan to Central Asia.[citation needed] Chaman is among the most beautiful places in the world with good naturist environment.
The town is an important trade point in the Balochistan region, providing a gateway on the trade routes between Afghanistan and Karachi. It underwent development during the martial law period of the 1980s.
Chaman has been known for its football since the 1940s, and is home to Afghan FC, which plays in the Pakistan Premier League, and the Muslim Football Club. The Jamal Nasir Shaheed Stadium is located in the town.
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Chenab Club
The Chenab Club is a social club in Faisalabad, Pakistan. It was the first such club established in Faisalabad (then known as Lyallpur). It still exists today and is used by the elite society of Faisalabad.
During the first decade of the 20th century, Mr. Henry Cues (1904–1906), the first deputy commissioner (D.C.) of Lyallpur (now Faisalabad), established a social club where the British officers serving in "Sandal Bar" could gather at their leisure. In December 1909, Captain Dugglis was appointed as new D.C. of Lyallpur. The club was built for off-duty British officers and was construction was paid for by the officers themselves.
In March 1910, the club was established in Qaisary Bagh (Now Company Bagh/Jinnah Gardens). The land for this purpose was acquired from Irrigation Department.
The Chenab Club offers a variety of activities to all of its members. The sports facilities include tennis, swimming, basket ball, badminton and table tennis. The modernly equipped gym, running and walking tracks are there for health conscious people. There are entertainment activities like indoor and outdoor cinema. Club hosts a moderate sized library with some rare books. There are certain restaurants providing Chinese, Pakistani/Indian, BBQ and Continental cuisine to food lovers.
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Chenab River
The Chenab River (
/tʃəˈnɑːb/, Sanskrit: चंद्रभाग/अक्सिनी, Punjabi: ਚਨਾਬ, canāb, Hindi: चनाब, Urdu: چناب, literally: 'Moon(Chan) چن River(aab)' آب) is a major river of Jammu and Kashmir and the Punjab in Pakistan. It forms in the upper Himalayas in the Lahaul and Spiti district of Himachal Pradesh, India, and flows through the Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir into the plains of the Punjab, Pakistan. The waters of the Chenab are allocated to Pakistan under the terms of the Indus Waters Treaty.
The waters of the Chenab start from snow melt from the Bara Lacha Pass, 32°44′N 77°26′E / 32.733°N 77.433°E / 32.733; 77.433, in Himachal Pradesh. The waters flowing south from the pass are known as the Chandra River and those that flow north are called the Bhaga River. Eventually the Bhaga flows around to the south joining the Chandra at the village of Tandi. A motorable road runs along the Bhaga River, from Khoskhas to Tandi. The Chandra and Bhaga meet to form the Chandrbhaga River at Tandi. It becomes the Chenab when it joins the Marau River at Bhandera Kot, 12 km from Kishtwar Town in Jammu and Kashmir.
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China
China (i/ˈtʃaɪnə/; Chinese: 中国; pinyin: Zhōngguó; see also Names of China), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is the world's most-populous country, with a population of over 1.3 billion. Covering approximately 9.6 million square kilometres, the East Asian state is the world's second-largest country by land area, and the third- or fourth-largest in total area, depending on the definition of total area.
The People's Republic of China is a single-party state governed by the Communist Party of China. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four directly controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau). Its capital city is Beijing. The PRC also claims Taiwan—which is controlled by the Republic of China (ROC), a separate political entity—as its 23rd province, a claim controversial due to the complex political status of Taiwan and the unresolved Chinese Civil War. The PRC government denies the legitimacy of the ROC.
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Chiniot
Chiniot (Punjabi, Urdu: چنیوٹ) is a city and administration headquarter of Chiniot District, in the state of Punjab, Pakistan. Located between the heart of river Chenab with the heads of small rocky hills, it is known for its wooden furniture architecture which has a great attraction in all over the world.
"Chiniot" derives from the Punjabi, Chan and ote, means "Moon" and "behind", compound to mean "Behind the Moon". Its name mean also used as "Behind the Moon without light".
Chiniot city lies on left bank of the Chenab River inside the small rocky hills, giving a tourism sight and a great attractions for tourists. It is located at the point where Faisalabad-Sargodha road and Lahore-Jhang road meetup each other. It is 158 kilometers in the Northwest from Lahore and 38 kilometers in North of Faisalabad. Chiniot city is spread over an area of 10 square kilometers with an average elevation of 179 meters (587 ft). Chiniot is located at Latitude: 31.7200 and Longitude: 72.9789.
Chiniot lies on the left bank of river Chenab, with the rocky hills at the northern side between the river and city. On the other side of river, Chenab Nagar (previously Rabwah) city is located covered with the rocks is a great sight. In the center of river a (Committed) worship center (or Chilla Gah) of a great Muslim's Sufi Bu Ali Shah Qalandar is located.
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Chiniot District
Chiniot District (Urdu: ضلع چنیوٹ) became the 36th district of the Punjab province of Pakistan in February 2009. Earlier it was a tehsil of Jhang District.
Chiniot's name consists of two words of Punjabi, Chan and Ote, which translates as 'Behind the moon without light'. Until February 2009 Chiniot District formed part of Jhang District in the former Faisalabad Division. Chiniot forms a very important part of the historic area of Jhang District, the history of which goes back into antiquity. It is said that Alexander of Macedonia passed through the district while going back to Greece. But the first glimpse of this district appeared in 'Tuzk-e-Babari' written by Zaheerudin Babar, the founder of the Mughal dynasty in India, in the year 1526. CE Chiniot was known for its mastercrafted furniture, not only in Pakistan, but all over the world. Its highly special and master craft Jharokhas are known in the whole country. Sheikh, Sayed, Qazi, Japaa, Bala, Chadhar, Haral,Sangha, Khokhar,Lali, Sipra, Nesoana,Rehan, wallahRai and Khundowaa tribes are leading tribes
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Chitral
Coordinates: 35°50′N 71°47′E / 35.833°N 71.783°E / 35.833; 71.783
Chitral or Chetrar (Urdu: چترال) (Khowar:چھترار) (Persian: چیترال), translated as field in the native language Khowar, is the capital of the Chitral District, situated on the western bank of the Kunar River (also called Chitral River), in Pakistan. The town is at the foot of Tirich Mir, the highest peak of the Hindu Kush, 25,289 ft (7,708 m) high. It has a population of 20,000, while the district (of 14,833 km² or 5,727 sq mi), has a population of 300,000. The altitude of the valley is 3,700 ft (1,100 m).
The easiest access to Chitral is in the southwest along the Chitral or Kunar Valley towards Jalalabad. This route is open all year and provides direct access to Kabul. However the Pakistan–Afghanistan border (Durand Line) prevents this being used as an internal route to Peshawar and the south. The other routes are over mountain passes. To the south, the Lowari Pass (3,200 m or 10,499 ft) leads 365 km (227 mi) to Peshawar. In the north, the easiest route during summer runs over the Broghol Pass (3,798 m or 12,460 ft) to Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor, however during winter this route is usually closed. To the east, there is a 405 kilometres (252 mi) route to Gilgit over the 3,719 metres (12,201 ft) Shandur Pass. In the west, the 4,300 metres (14,100 ft) Dorah Pass provides an additional route to Afghanistan. The territory is home to rare falcons and the snow leopard, and is cut off by snow from the rest of the country for six months a year, a problem soon to be relieved by the completion of the Lowari Tunnel which will reduce transit time to Chitral as well as allow the district to be connected to the rest of the country even during the cold winter months.
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D Ground
D Ground is a town in the Faisalabad, Punjab. It is the main commercial area in Faisalabad.
The idea of D ground was conceived in mid 1950's by the then government of West Pakistan. With immense inflow of the immigrants to Faisalabad from East Punjab, now in India, the residential requirement of city were sky rocketing. Government decided to make the barren land lying 5 km northeast of city center to convert into a modern residential area. The area was named Peoples Colony and D ground was designed to be one of the main central market of this colony. It is to be noted that Peoples colony is spread at an estimated area of 10 sq km.
D Ground serves as one of the most prestigious commercial market for the city of Faisalabad. Home to many branded stores and shopping malls, D ground is the center of shopping spree for the city dwellers. Besides the shopping D ground also hosts the Radio Station of Faisalabad, Holiday Inn Hotel and numerous eat out places like KFC, Pizza Hut and Sams.
During Ramzan, before the Eid ul Fitr; and before the Eid ul Azha, a large but temporary Eid market is setup by local merchants and traders. These markets sell all sorts of items necessary for Eid shopping including but not limited to Bangles, Costumes, Dresses, Shoes, Ornaments, Decorative and Sweets.
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Dubai
Dubai (/duːˈbaɪ/ doo-BY; Arabic: دبيّ Dubeii; IPA: [du'beii]) is an emirate within the United Arab Emirates (UAE). A city within the emirate is also named Dubai. The emirate is located south east of the Persian Gulf on the Arabian Peninsula and has the largest population with the second-largest land territory by area of all the emirates, after Abu Dhabi. Dubai and Abu Dhabi are the only two emirates to have veto power over critical matters of national importance in the country's legislature. Dubai City is located on the emirate's northern coastline.
The earliest mention of Dubai is in 1095, and the earliest settlement known as Dubai town dates from 1799. Dubai was formally established in 1833 by Sheikh Maktoum bin Buti al Maktoum when he persuaded 800 members of the Bani Yas tribe, living in what is now part of Saudi Arabia, to follow him to the Dubai Creek by the Al Abu Falasa clan of Bani Yas. It remained under clan control when the United Kingdom assumed the protection of Dubai in 1892. Its geographical location made it an important trading hub and by the beginning of the 20th century, it was an important port.
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England
Englandi/ˈɪŋɡlənd/ is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, while the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separate it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period, but it takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in AD 927, and since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century, has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world. The English language, the Anglican Church, and English law—the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world—developed in England, and the country's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation. England's Royal Society laid the foundations of modern experimental science.
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Faisalabad
Faisalabad, (Urdu: فیصل آباد) formerly known as Lyallpur, is the third largest metropolis in Pakistan, the second largest in the province of Punjab after Lahore, and a major industrial center in the heart of Pakistan.
Nicknamed the Manchester of Asia, Faisalabad remains an important industrial city west of Lahore. The city-district of Faisalabad is bound on the north by the districts of Hafizabad and Chiniot, on the east by Nankana Sahib, on the south by Sahiwal, and Toba Tek Singh and on the west by Jhang.
The city is at a road and railway junction, which has played an influential role in the development of Faisalabad's trade and economy. The surrounding countryside, irrigated by the Lower Chenab River, has seen expanded production of cotton, wheat, sugarcane, vegetables, and fruits, which form 55% of Pakistan's exports. The city is an industrial centre with major railway repair yards, engineering works, and mills that process sugar, flour, and oil seed. Produce includes superphosphates, cotton and silk textiles, hosiery, dyes, industrial chemicals, beverages, apparels, pulp and paper, printing, agricultural equipment, and ghee (clarified butter). Faisalabad is the site of the prestigious University of Agriculture, founded in 1909.
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Faisalabad District
Faisalabad District (Urdu: ضلع فیصل آباد) is one of the districts of Punjab province, Pakistan. According to the 1998 census of Pakistan it had a population of 5,429,547 of which almost 42% were in Faisalabad City.
In 1982 Toba Tek Singh District (until then a tehsil of Faisalabad) was created as a separate district from Faisalabad. As of 2006 it is a city district consisting of the city of Faisalabad.
In 1870s the colonial era Punjab government decided to increase the cultivated land by making barrages and canals to meet the demand at European markets. This led to the canal based irrigation of the areas now comprising the district of Faisalabad and Toba Tek Singh. In 1880, a colonial officer, Captain Poham Young, with the support of Sir James Broadwood Lyall founded the new Town it was named Lyallpur after his Surname. proposed a new town. The design was based on the Union Jack, with eight roads radiating from a large clock tower in the center.
It was called the Chenab Bar after renamed as Lyallpur District, a large number of Sikhs from Eastern Punjab from Ludhiana District, Jalandhar District and Ambala District migrated to this new region where they established new Villages naming them after their own Villages which they left. the Majority of the villages were named a Chak. Muslims in Masses settled in this new colony.
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Faisalabad Division
Faisalabad Division was an administrative division of the Punjab Province of Pakistan, until the reforms of 2000 abolished the third tier of government.
At abolition it contained the following districts:
Coordinates: 31°15′N 72°48′E / 31.25°N 72.8°E / 31.25; 72.8
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Gandhara
Gandhāra (Sanskrit: गन्धार Gandḥārā, Urdu: گندھارا Ghandhāra, Pashto: ګندارا, Punjabi: گندھارا, Persian: ویهیند) is the name of an ancient kingdom (Mahajanapada), located in modern day northern Pakistan and parts of eastern Afghanistan. Gandhara was located mainly in the vale of Peshawar, the Potohar plateau (see Taxila) and on the Kabul River. Its main cities were Purushapura (modern Peshawar), literally meaning "City of Man", Varmayana (modern Bamyan) and Takshashila (modern Taxila).
The Kingdom of Gandhara lasted from the early 1st millennium BC to the 11th century AD. It attained its height from the 1st century to the 5th century under the Buddhist Kushan Kings. The Hindu term Shahi is used by history writer Al-Biruni to refer to the ruling Hindu dynasty that took over from the Turki Shahi and ruled the region during the period prior to Muslim conquests of the 10th and 11th centuries. After it was conquered by Mahmud of Ghazni in 1021 CE, the name Gandhara disappeared. During the Muslim period the area was administered from Lahore or from Kabul. During Mughal times the area was part of Kabul province.
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Gatwala
Gatwala is a town of Faisalabad District in Punjab, Pakistan. It is located on the coordinates 30°53'55N and 72°29'15E with altitude 152 m(501 feet).
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Ghangha Pur
Ghangha Pur or Gangapur is a village of Jaranwala Tehsil in Faisalabad District, Punjab, Pakistan. It is located at 31°27'12N 73°33'57E with an altitude of 193 metres (636 feet) and is part of Union council 47 of Jaranwala with a population of 10,988.
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Gilgit
Gilgit (Urdu, Shina: گلگت) is the capital city of Gilgit–Baltistan, Pakistan. Gilgit City forms a tehsil of Gilgit, within Gilgit District. Its ancient name was Sargin, later to be known as Gilit, and it is still called Gilit or Sargin-Gilit by local people. In the Burushaski language, it is named Geelt and in Wakhi and Khowar it is called Gilt. Ghallata is considered its name in ancient Sanskrit literature. Gilgit City is one of the two major hubs in Gilgit Baltistan for mountaineering expeditions to the Karakoram and other the peaks in the Himalayas, the other hub being Skardu.[citation needed]
Gilgit was an important city on the Silk Road, along which Buddhism was spread from South Asia to the rest of Asia.[citation needed]
The Dards and Chinas appear in many of the old Pauranic lists of peoples who lived in the region, with the former also mentioned in Ptolemy's accounts of the region. Two famous travellers, Faxian and Xuanzang, traversed Gilgit according to their accounts.[citation needed]
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Glasgow
Coordinates: 55°51′29″N 4°15′32″W / 55.858°N 4.259°W / 55.858; -4.259
Glasgow (i/ˈɡlɑːzɡəʊ/, locally /ˈɡlazɡo/, GLAZ-goh; Scots: Glesga listen (help·info); Scottish Gaelic: Glaschu ([ˈkɫ̪as̪əxu] listen (help·info))) is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom. The city is situated on the River Clyde in the country's West Central Lowlands.
Glasgow grew from a small rural settlement on the River Clyde to become one of the largest seaports in Britain. Expanding from the medieval bishopric of Glasgow and the later establishment of the University of Glasgow in the 15th century, it became a major centre of the Scottish Enlightenment in the 18th century. From the 18th century the city also grew as one of Britain's main hubs of transatlantic trade with British North America and the British West Indies. With the Industrial Revolution, the city and surrounding region shifted to become one of the world's pre-eminent centres of heavy engineering, most notably in shipbuilding and marine engineering industry, which produced many innovative and famous vessels. Glasgow was known as the "Second City of the British Empire" for much of the Victorian era and Edwardian period. Today it is one of Europe's top ten financial centres and is home to many of Scotland's leading businesses. Glasgow is also ranked as the 57th most liveable city in the world.
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Gojra
Gojra (Punjabi, Urdu: گوجرہ), the administrative seat of Gojra Tehsil, is a city of Toba Tek Singh District in the Punjab province of Pakistan, and is located 30 miles (50 km) from Faisalabad, 125 km from Burewala, 157 km from Vehari and 20 miles (32 km) north of Toba Tek Singh. It has a history of more than hundred years, and being the centre of the cultivated lands, the village was known for its "Mandi" (market) for cash crops. Before the 1947 Partition of India that created Pakistan the "Mandi" was mainly handled by Hindus and Sikhs.
Gojra town was established in 1896 when colonisation of Lyallpur (Faisalabad) began. The railway line between Lyallpur and Gojra was laid in 1899. The town was given the status of notified area committee in 1904 and upgraded as B-Class Municipality in 1925. In 1906 the population was 2,589, according to The Imperial Gazetteer of India "The business done in this rising mart on the railway, which has sprung into existence in the last six years owing to the extension of the Chenab Canal to the surrounding country, bids fair to rival in importance that of Lyallpur itself".
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Gujar Khan
Gujar Khan (Urdu: گوجرخان ) is a city in Rawalpindi District, Punjab, Pakistan. It is the headquarters of Gujar Khan Tehsil, the largest tehsil of Punjab. It is approximately 55 kilometres southeast of Islamabad, the capital of Pakistan and 220 km to the north west of Lahore, capital of Punjab. Gujar Khan is bounded on the north by Rawalpindi, Islamabad and Attock, on the south by Jhelum, Lahore and Gujrat, on the east by Azad Kashmir and Kahuta and on the west by Chakwal and Khushab. The city has a population of approximately 73,000. Gujar Khan lies at the heart of the Pothohar cultural region. The area has considerable natural resources in the form of petroleum and natural gas.
The place was named after Gujjars, while they formerly ruled the Gurjara Pratihara Kingdom for centuries.
The Region is also the ancestral land of all the Kukhrains of India. these include the sub castes of Anand, Bhasin, Suri, Bhalla, Sethi, Ghandhoke, Chadha, Kohli. Many famous Indians (Including the current prime minister, Dr Manmohan Singh) are ancestrally from this region.
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Gujranwala
Gujranwala (Punjabi, Urdu: گوجرانوالہ ) is an industrial city in the north-east of the Punjab province. It is the 7th largest city in Pakistan with a population of approximately 2,661,360 as on 24 June 2011 (Extrapolated from a population of 1,415,711 in 2006 and a population of 2,569,090 on February 4, 2011). Gujranwala is located at 32.16° North, 74.18° East and is 226 metres (744 ft) above sea level. It shares borders with Ghakhar Mandi, Alipur Chatha, kamonke and some small towns and villages. Punjabi is the local language, but English and Urdu are also common, particularly in schools and offices. Due to extensive road and rail links the city has flourished within the manufacturing and agricultural markets. The city is on the Grand Trunk Road, which allows logistical connections to the provincial capitals such as Peshawar and Lahore and also to the capital of Pakistan Islamabad.It is in between Lahore and [Gujrat,Wazirabad]. its small and medium industries. Gujranwala is known for its extensive production of sugarcane, melons and grains for international export.Gujranwala exports one of the world's finest quality Rice. The city has set up several commercial and industrial centres allowing the manufacturing of ceramics,Fans,electrical switch gears,engineering tools,Agricultural/earth moving machinery, steel, cutlery, crockery, iron safes, metal tool, utensils, textiles,Wollen Sweaters, sanitary Fittings and tannery production. The city has produced some of the finest wrestlers and bodybuilders of the subcontinent, which has resulted in the nickname 'City of wrestlers' or Phelwana da shehar in Punjabi. The city is also the birthplace of the legendary Sikh warrior-king, Ranjit Singh.
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Gujrat
Gujrat (Punjabi, Urdu: گجرات) is a city in Pakistan. It is the capital of Gujrat District and the Gujrat Tehsil subdivision in the Punjab Province. The major sources of livelihood among the Gujrat populace are agriculture and small industries. Gujrat is also known as the city of King Porus.
Gujrat is situated on the bank of Chenab River, situated about 120 kilometres (75 mi) north of Lahore, the capital city of Punjab province, and 150 kilometres (93 mi) from Islamabad, the capital of Pakistan. Prominent nearby locations include Jalalpur Jattan, Jhelum, Gujranwala, Mandi Bahauddin, Sialkot, Lalamusa and Bhimber-Azad Kashmir. The city is surrounded by many villages and towns, which supply significant labour to the local market.
Gujrat was founded by Raja Bachhan Pal Gurjar in 460 BC, according to General Cunningham, the British historian. Historical consensus is that it existed in the time of Alexander the Great, and that the city's Raja Porus put up a fierce challenge to Alexander's invasion at the bank of the Jehlum River. The establishment of Gujrat City was realised early in the 19th century after the British Empire and in support of regional landlords (e.g., Daswandi Khan of Daswandi Pura).
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Gulbahar Colony
Gulbahar Colony is a residential area in southern Faisalabad, Pakistan. The famous Satyana Road passes on eastern side of colony. Besides, it is bounded by Batala Colony in the north, Garden Colony in the west and Muhammad Abad on its south. "Gates" pronounced as "Getaan" fall on NE of this colony. Although "Gates" no more exist but the place is still known after its old name.
Coordinates: 34°00′N 71°36′E / 34°N 71.6°E / 34; 71.6
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Gumti Water Fountain
The Gumti Water Fountain is a monument in Faisalabad, Pakistan preserved from the British Raj era. It was built during the early nineteenth century and was a general meeting place of the city folk for local town meetings.
Today the sturucture still exists and has been turned into a roundabout for traffic with the water fountain still working at the center.
Coordinates: 31°25′08.69″N 73°05′03.99″E / 31.4190806°N 73.0844417°E / 31.4190806; 73.0844417
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Gwadar
Coordinates: 25°07′35″N 62°19′21″E / 25.12639°N 62.3225°E / 25.12639; 62.3225
Gwadar (Baloch and Urdu: گوادر; Arabic: جوادر) is a port city on the Arabian Sea in the south-west of Pakistan. It is the district capital of Gwadar District in Balochistan province as well as its winter capital.
Gwadar is strategically located at the apex of the Arabian Sea and at the mouth of the Gulf of Oman. The city's strategic, warm-water, deep-sea Gwadar Port was completed in 2007. The port is 14 metres (46 ft) deep and handles the largest cargo ships to Pakistan. The city is emerging as a trade hub and a transit for Chinese oil and timber imports and transshipments. The city has also been taking an increasing role in China's String of Pearls.
Gwadar is one of the few planned cities in Pakistan (others being Faisalabad, Jauharabad, and Islamabad), which have been developed from scratch under an urban master plan. Before development, the town was a fishing village.
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Gwadar Bay
Gwadar Bay is located in the Gulf of Oman on the maritime border of Pakistan and Iran. The name is from Persian, Khalij-e Gavader or 'Gulf of Gwadar' on Arabian Sea. It is an inlet of the Arabian Sea indenting the sandy Makran coast at the Iran–Pakistan border. It is about 20 miles (32 km) long and 10 miles (16 km) wide. The Dashtiari River flows into it from the northwest, and the Dasht River from the northeast. The town of Gwadar which have no severage system for the people and protection of the Bay, lies on the Arabian Sea coast about 30 miles (48 km) to the east of Gwadar Bay.
Coordinates: 25°02′N 62°19′E / 25.033°N 62.317°E / 25.033; 62.317
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Hafizabad District
Hafizabad District (Urdu: ضلع حافظ آباد ) is located in Punjab, Pakistan. Hafizabad was made a district in 1991; formerly, it was a tehsil of Gujranwala District. It is situated in central Punjab and is known for its rice industry on the agricultural side and cotton textile industry on the industrial side. The capital of the district, Hafizabad, was built by the Mughal emperor Akbar, a Secular ruler for known for strengthening administration of Punjab.
Hafizabad is known as "Sheraz-e-Hind" since many poets and scholars of international repute were born in the area, including Arif Saharni and Hanif Saqi.
In 327 BC, when Sikandar-e-Azam attacked the Indian subcontinent, the territory of the Sandal Bar (where Hafizabad is now located) was a populated area. Big cities were located in here, and a lot of sub-states were organized here in the presidency of Hindu Maharajas and Rajas. Hafizabad was formerly a place of some importance, and is mentioned in the Ain-i-Akbari as head-quarters of a mahal. Hafiz, the founder, was a favourite of emperor Akbar. Hafizabad is an old city.
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Haryana
Haryana /ˌhɑriˈɑːnə/ is a state in India. Constituted in 1966, it is one of two newly created states carved out of the greater Punjab province as a means of creating a stronger national identity. It has been a part of the Kuru region in North India. The name Haryana is found mentioned in the 12th century AD by the apabhramsha writer Vibudh Shridhar (VS 1189-1230). It is bordered by Punjab and Himachal Pradesh to the north, and by Rajasthan to the west and south. The river Yamuna defines its eastern border with Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh. Haryana also surrounds Delhi on three sides, forming the northern, western and southern borders of Delhi. Consequently, a large area of Haryana is included in the National Capital Region. The capital of the state is Chandigarh which is administered as a union territory and is also the capital of Punjab.
Sites in Haryana were part of the Indus Valley and Vedic Civilizations. Several decisive battles were fought in the area, which shaped much of the history of India. These include the epic battle of Mahabharata at Kurukshetra mentioned in the Hindu mythology (including the recital of the Bhagavad Gita by Krishna), and the three battles of Panipat. Haryana was administered as part of the Punjab province of British India, and was carved out on linguistic lines as India's 17th state in 1966. Haryana is now a leading contributor to the country's production of foodgrain and milk. Agriculture is the leading occupation for the residents of the state, the flat arable land irrigated by submersible pumps and an extensive canal system. Haryana contributed heavily to the Green Revolution that made India self-sufficient in food production in the 1960s.
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Hubei
Hubei (help·info) (Chinese: 湖北; pinyin: Húběi; Wade–Giles: Hu-pei; Postal map spelling: Hupeh) is a province in Central China. The name of the province means "north of the lake", referring to its position north of Lake Dongting. The provincial capital is Wuhan.
Hubei is officially abbreviated to "鄂" (È), an ancient name associated with the eastern part of the province since the Qin dynasty, while a popular name for Hubei is "楚" (Chǔ), after the powerful state of Chu that existed here during the Eastern Zhou dynasty. It borders Henan to the north, Anhui to the east, Jiangxi to the southeast, Hunan to the south, Chongqing to the west, and Shaanxi to the northwest. The high-profile Three Gorges Dam is located at Yichang, in the west of the province.
By the Spring and Autumn Period (770 BC - 476 BC), the territory of today's Hubei was part of the powerful state of Chu. Chu was nominally a tributary state of the Zhou Dynasty, and it was itself an extension of the Chinese civilization that had emerged some centuries before in the north; but it was also culturally unique, and was a powerful state that held onto much of the middle and lower Yangtze River, with power extending northwards into the North China Plain.
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Hyōgo Prefecture
Hyōgo Prefecture (兵庫県, Hyōgo-ken?) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region on Honshū island. The capital is Kobe.
The prefecture's name was previously alternately spelled as Hiogo.
Present-day Hyōgo Prefecture includes the former provinces of Harima, Tajima, Awaji, and parts of Tamba and Settsu.
In 1180, near the end of the Heian Period, Emperor Antoku, Taira no Kiyomori, and the Imperial court moved briefly to Fukuhara, in what is now the city of Kobe. There the capital remained for five months.
Himeji Castle, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is in the city of Himeji.
Southern Hyōgo Prefecture was severely devastated by the magnitude 7.2 Great Hanshin earthquake of 1995, which destroyed major parts of Kobe and Awaji, as well as Takarazuka and neighboring Osaka prefecture, killing nearly 6,500 people.
Hyōgo has coastlines on two seas: to the north, the Sea of Japan, to the south, the Inland Sea. The northern portion is sparsely populated, except for the city of Toyooka, and the central highlands are only populated by tiny villages. Most of Hyōgo's population lives on the southern coast, which is part of the Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto metropolitan area. Awaji Island is an island in the Inland Sea, lying between Honshū and Shikoku.
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India
India (i/ˈɪndiə/), officially the Republic of India (Bhārat Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south-west, and the Bay of Bengal on the south-east, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Burma and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; in addition, India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.
Home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history. Four of the world's major religions—Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism—originated here, whereas Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived in the 1st millennium CE and also helped shape the region's diverse culture. Gradually annexed by and brought under the administration of the British East India Company from the early 18th century and administered directly by the United Kingdom from the mid-19th century, India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by non-violent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi.
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Islamabad
Islamabad (Urdu: اسلام آباد Islām ābād, lit. Abode of Islam) is the capital of Pakistan and the tenth largest city in the country. Located within the Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT), the population of the city has grown from 100,000 in 1951 to 1.152 million in 2011. The greater Islamabad-Rawalpindi Metropolitan Area is the third largest conurbation in Pakistan with a population of over 4.5 million inhabitants.
Islamabad is located in the Pothohar Plateau in the northern part of the country, within the Islamabad Capital Territory. The region has historically been a part of the crossroads of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa with Margalla pass acting as the gateway between the two regions. The city was built during the 1960s to replace Karachi as Pakistan's capital. Islamabad is a well-organized city divided into different sectors and zones. It is regarded as the most developed city in Pakistan. Islamabad is ranked as a Gamma world city. The city is home to Faisal Mosque, the largest mosque in South Asia and the sixth largest mosque in the world.
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Jacobabad
Jacobabad or Yaqubabad (Sindhi: جیکب آباد) is the capital city of Jacobabad District, Sindh, Pakistan.This is one of old city of Sind state. The city is also the administrative centre of Jacobabad Taluka, an administrative subdivision of the district, the city is subdivided into 8 Union Councils. The city is crossed by the Pakistan Railway and many main roads of the province.
During British rule, as part of British Raj, the town was the administrative headquarters of the Upper Sind Frontier District of the Bombay Presidency; with a station on the Quetta branch of the North-Western Railway. It became well known for consistently having the highest temperature in the South Asia, and has a mean summer average of 98°F, and during the month of June the temperature can consistently reach between 120° and 131°F (49 to 55°C).
The town was founded on the site of the village of Khangarh in 1847 by General John Jacob, for many years commandant of the Sind Horse, who died here in 1858. A memorial exists at the Victoria Tower in the heart of the city.
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Jalandhar
Jalandhar is a city in Jalandhar District in the state of Punjab, India. It is located 144 km northwest of the state capital, Chandigarh. It was known as Prasthala at the time of the Mahabharta and as Jullundur in British India.
Jalandhar is another name of Lord Shiva. Jalandhar and Multan are the oldest surviving cities of the Punjab region, with historical references as far back as A.D. 100. The Jalandhar Doab (the region surrounding the city between the Beas and Sutlej rivers) also marked the easternmost territory of the empire of Alexander the Great. He erected giant altars in this area to mark the eastern most extent of his empire and also founded a city named Alexandria in the vicinity and left many Macedonian veterans there.[citation needed]
In the 7th century, when theChinese traveller and pilgrim Hiuen Tsang visited India during the reign of Harsha Vardhana, the Kingdom of Jalandhara or Trigarta was under the rule of Raja Utito (whom Alexander Cunningham identifies with the Rajput Raja Attar Chand of the Katoch dynasty). The kingdom was said to have extended 167 miles (269 km) from east to west and 133 miles (214 km) from north to south, thus including the hill states of Chamba, Mandi and Suket (Himachal Pradesh) and Satadru or Sirhind in the plains. The city proper of Jalandhar was, when visited by Hiuen Tsiangg, a large city, miles in circuit, and functioned as the capital of a Rajput kingdom. Raja Utito was a tributary of Harsh Vardhana. The Rajput Rajas appear to have continued to rule over the country right up to the 12th century, with occasional interruptions, but their capital was Jalandhar and Kangra formed an important stronghold.[citation needed]
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Japan
Japan
i/dʒəˈpæn/ (Japanese: 日本 Nihon or Nippon; formally 日本国 
Nippon-koku or Nihon-koku, literally the State of Japan) is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south. The characters that make up Japan's name mean "sun-origin", which is why Japan is sometimes referred to as the "Land of the Rising Sun".
Japan is an archipelago of 6,852 islands. The four largest islands are Honshū, Hokkaidō, Kyūshū and Shikoku, together accounting for ninety-seven percent of Japan's land area. Japan has the world's tenth-largest population, with over 127 million people. The Greater Tokyo Area, which includes the de facto capital city of Tokyo and several surrounding prefectures, is the largest metropolitan area in the world, with over 30 million residents.
Archaeological research indicates that people lived in Japan as early as the Upper Paleolithic period. The first written mention of Japan is in Chinese history texts from the 1st century AD. Influence from other nations followed by long periods of isolation has characterized Japan's history. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, victory in the First Sino-Japanese War, the Russo-Japanese War and World War I allowed Japan to expand its empire during a period of increasing militarism. The Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937 expanded into part of World War II in 1941, which came to an end in 1945 following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Since adopting its revised constitution in 1947, Japan has maintained a unitary constitutional monarchy with an emperor and an elected parliament called the Diet.
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Jaranwala
Jaranwala (Urdu,جڑانوالہ)is a city in the Faisalabad District of Punjab, Pakistan. It is located at 31°20'0N 73°26'0E with an altitude of 184 meters (606 feet). It is 35KM south east from Faisalabad and 110 km from Lahore. There was a big tree with hanging roots in this area where people stay during travelling. Roots in Punjabi language called (Jaran) so people called this place a jaranwala tree after that is only called jaranwala. The city serves as the headquarters of Jaranwala Tehsil, an administrative subdivision of the district.
Pakistani Gate
Gate of the Jaranwala (Lahore Morr Jaranwala)
Committee Bagh
Char Bati Chowk
Mahtab Masjid
Sabri Chowk
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Jaranwala Tehsil
Jaranwala (Urdu, Punjabi: تحصیل جڑانوالہ) is a subdivision (tehsil) of Faisalabad District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is subdivided into 57 Union Councils.
The largest towns in Jaranwala are: Khurrianwala, Satyana, Mandi Rurala Road, Lundianwala, Mandi Buchiana. It hosts the largest jute mill in Pakistan. Jaranwala Tehsil is located on the north bank of the Ravi. There are 300 villages and 2 urban centres in Jaranwala, covering an area of 437,386 acres (1,770.04 km2), with a population of 1,186,514 people, as per the last census. It is home to a Government college.This city is also famous for its sugar mill which is Hussain Sugar Mills.This mill produces 2/3 of total sugar of country.A.W and The Educators are famous schools in country.The students of these schools got Ist and 2nd positions in district level examination.The city is also famous for an eatable which is called "Tangri" which is saltish in taste.
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Jeddah
Jeddah (Arabic: جدّة Jidda), sometimes spelled Jiddah or Jedda, is a city located on the coast of the Red Sea and is the major urban center of western Saudi Arabia. It is the largest city in Makkah Province, the largest sea port on the Red Sea, and the second largest city in Saudi Arabia after the capital city, Riyadh. The population of the city currently stands at 3.2 million. It is an important commercial hub in Saudi Arabia.
Jeddah is the principal gateway to Mecca, Islam's holiest city, which able-bodied Muslims are required to visit at least once in their lifetime. It is also a gateway to Medina, the second holiest place in Islam.
Jeddah is one of the most cosmopolitan, diverse, and tolerant of all Saudi Arabian cities, hosting expatriates from all over the world who have made Jeddah their home.[citation needed] Economically, Jeddah is focusing on further developing capital investment in scientific and engineering leadership within Saudi Arabia, and the Middle East. Jeddah was independently ranked 4th in the Africa / Mid-East region in terms of innovation in 2009 in the Innovation Cities Index.
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Jhang
Jhang (Punjabi, Urdu: جھنگ) is the capital city of Jhang District, in the state of Punjab, Pakistan. It is situated on the east bank of the Chenab river, about 210 kilometres from Lahore and 35 kilometres from Gojra. According to the 1998 census of Pakistan it had a population of 387,418
Jhang is situated at place where two rivers Jhelum and Chenab join together to make a great looking sight. It is situated on the left banks of both rivers. Jhang is the capital city of Jhang District located at the coordinates 31.30677 N, 72.32814 E.
Climate of Jhang has extreme summer and extreme winter like most areas of Pakistan, it has four seasons.
According to 1981 census of Pakistan population of Jhang was 1,970,944 with the 434,495 housing units in Jhang. In 1998 census, population of Jhang was 2,834,545, whose annually growth rate was 2.16%. Male population was 1,474,099 (52.00%) and female population was 1,360,446 (48.00%). Languages mostly spoken in Jhang are Punjabi and Urdu.
The area was inhabited at the time of Alexander but the present city of Jhang is said to have been founded in the twelwth century by Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari. Its first inhabitants were sials who were his followers or murids. It was then destroyed by the river and re-founded during the reign of Aurangzeb by Mehboob Alam - called Shah Jewna - who asked his followers to settle again in that area in 1402. Under Mughal rule, the city flourished and was notable for commerce and trade.
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Jhang District
Jhang District (Punjabi, Urdu: ضلع جھنگ) is a district of the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Jhang is the district's capital. According to the 1998 census of Pakistan, the district's population was 2.8 million, of which 23 percent lived in urban areas. By 2008, according to estimates, the population had risen to 3.5 million. The native language is Punjabi, though Urdu is also spoken in educational institutions.
Jhang is one of the oldest districts on the subcontinent, having been established around 2,000 BC, when it was known as Jhagi Sial. Jhang is bordered by Sargodha District to the north, Gujranwala District to the northeast, Faisalabad District and Toba Tek Singh District to the east, Khanewal and Muzaffargarh District to the south, Leiah District and Bhakkar District to the west, and Khushab District to the northwest.
The district comprises on four administrative units (tehsils) Jhang, Athara Hazari, Shorkot, and Ahmad Pur Sial.
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Jhelum
Coordinates: 32°55′43″N 73°43′53″E / 32.92861°N 73.73139°E / 32.92861; 73.73139
Jhelum ( /ˈdʒeɪləm/) (Urdu, Punjabi: جہلم) (Greek: Alexandria Bucephalous) is a city on the right bank of the Jhelum River, in the district of the same name in the north of Punjab province, Pakistan. Jhelum is known for providing a large number of soldiers to the British and later to the Pakistan armed forces due to which it is also known as city of soldiers or land of martyrs and warriors. Jhelum is a few miles upstream from the site of the Battle of the Hydaspes between the armies of Alexander the Great and Raja Porus. A city called Bucephala was founded nearby to commemorate the death of Alexander's horse, Sarosh. Other notable sites nearby include the 16th century Rohtas Fort, the Tilla Jogian complex of ancient temples, and the 16th-century Grand Trunk Road which passes through the city. According to the 1998 census of Pakistan, the population of Jhelum was 145,647 and in 2010 its population is 174,679. The name of the city is derived from the words Jal (pure water) and Ham (snow), as the river that flows through the river originates in the Himalayas. There are a number of industries in and around Jhelum city, including a tobacco factory, wood, marble, glass and flour mills.
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Kabul Shahi
The Shahi (Devanagari: शाही),Sahi, also called Shahiya dynasties ruled one of the Middle kingdoms of India which included portions of the Kabulistan and the old province of Gandhara (now in northern Pakistan), from the decline of the Kushan Empire in the 3rd century to the early 9th century. The kingdom was known as "Kabul Shahi" (Kabul-shāhān or Ratbél-shāhān in Persian کابلشاهان یا رتبیل شاهان) between 565 and 879CE when they had Kapisa and Kabul as their capitals, and later as Hindu Shahi when they moved their capital to Hund.
The Shahis of Kabul/Gandhara are generally divided into the two eras of the so-called Buddhist-Shahis and the so-called Hindu-Shahis, with the change-over thought to have occurred sometime around AD 870.
The confused accounts of 11th century Persian Muslim scholar Alberuni, ("which bear the impress of folklore for the early history of the Kabul Shahi rulers") state that:
Thus the folklore accounts recorded by Alberuni connect the earlier Shahis of Kabul/Kapisa to Turkish extraction and also claim their descent from Kanik (or Kanishaka of Kushana lineage). At the same time it is also claimed that 'their first king Barahatigin (Vrahitigin?) had originally come from Tibet and concealed in a narrow cave in Kabul area (and here is given a strange legend which we omit).' One can easily see the above account of Shahi origin as totally fanciful and fairy tale-like. These statements taken together are very confusing, inconsistent and bear the express marks of a folklore and vulgar tradition, hence unworthy of inspiring any confidence in the early history of Shahis. The allegation that the first dynasty of Kabul was Turki is plainly based on the vulgar tradition, which Alberuni himself remarked was clearly absurd.
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Kanpur
Kanpur /ˈkɑːnpʊər/ (Hindi: कानपुर, Urdu: کان پور pronunciation (help·info)), spelled Cawnpore before 1948, is the Industrial Capital of Uttar Pradesh and is the administrative headquarters of Kanpur Nagar district, Kanpur Dehat district and Kanpur division. It is the eleventh-most populous city in India and the major industrial hub with in the state of Uttar Pradesh.
It is one of the oldest industrial townships of North India. It has a metropolitan area of over 1,640 square kilometres (630 sq mi) and a city area of around 829 km2 with an approximate population of 3 million inhabitants in its area. It is administratively divided into 6 zones and 110 wards with an average ward population range of 19000 to 26000.
City Development Plan for Kanpur city is both a perspective and vision for the future development. Kanpur City Development Plan (CDP) is the culmination of a study which was commenced about three months ago[when?] by JPS Associates. This report is based on invaluable inputs the consultants received from the various stakeholders and the officers associated with the development of the city. This CDP, therefore, truly reflects the vision of the citizens, the poor and the slum dwellers and the officers who are determined to make Kanpur a futuristic city in the next few years.
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Karachi
Karachi ( Karācī (help·info), Urdu: کراچی; Sindhi: ڪراچي) is the largest city, main seaport and financial centre of Pakistan, as well as the capital of the province of Sindh. The city has an estimated population of 13 to 15 million, while the total metropolitan area has a population of over 13 million. Results in April 2012 of Pakistan's latest census initial tabulations show that the district is home to over 21 million people, at a density of nearly 6,000 people per square kilometer (15,500 per square mile). Karachi is the most populous city in the country, one of the world's largest cities in terms of population and also the 10th largest urban agglomeration in the world. It is Pakistan's premier centre of banking, industry, economic activity and trade and is home to Pakistan's largest corporations, including those involved in textiles, shipping, automotive industry, entertainment, the arts, fashion, advertising, publishing, software development and medical research. The city is a major hub of higher education in South Asia and the wider Muslim world.
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Kasur
Kasur (Urdu/Punjabi: قصور), the capital of Kasur District in Pakistan. Kasur is located adjacent to the border of Ganda Singh Wala between Pakistan and India, and is a tourist attraction because of the daily occurring Flags lowering ceremony. Kasur district is surrounded at north by Lahore, at east and south by India, at southern west Depalpur tehsil of Okara district and at northern west Sheikhupura district.
Though the city Kasur is famous for Baba Bullah Shah was a Punjabi Sufi poet, a humanist and philosopher.However,Kasur is also famous for its cosine,Spicy fish of Sh.Javed, Kasuri Falooda are of unique taste. Famous sweets include Andrassa and Sohan Halwa. Kasuri methi is also famous across the Pakistan.
The main crops in Kasur are wheat, corn, potato, sugar cane and turmeric. Turmeric fields of Changa Manga and Dhing Shah are unique agricultural features of Pakistan.
Coordinates: 31°07′01″N 74°27′01″E / 31.1170277778°N 74.4502222222°E / 31.1170277778; 74.4502222222
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Kharian
Kharian (Urdu: کھاریاں ) (Pronunciation: Khariah) is a city of Gujrat District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. Kharian is the chief city of Kharian Tehsil, which administrates all of the numerous surrounding villages and towns of Greater Kharian.
Kharian is located almost midway between the Capital city of Pakistan, Islamabad (about 125 km) and provincial capital of Punjab, Lahore (about 145 km). The most northern parts of Greater Kharian lies in front of the beautiful foothills of the Himalaya mountains of Azad Kashmir.
Kharian is located on the Grand Trunk Road (colloquially known as the GT road). This is the road which connects Kharian, all the way from Bangladesh, through India across Pakistan and to Afghanistan. It was used during British Rule to transport goods across South Asia. The main railway line also passes through Kharian, thus providing good transportation to the northern and southern parts of Pakistan.
The closest major cities to Kharian are Jhelum (about 10 miles) and Gujrat (around 20 miles).
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Khurrianwala
Khurrianwala Town is a residential area and industrial estate of Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. It has large number of textile manufacturing industries.
During the regime of Sher Shah Suri (1486–1545) the land of the area was barren, and he constructed a well to remedy the situation. "Well" is pronounced as khu and "barren land" is pronounced as rrian in the Punjabi language, so that is why this town is known as Khurrianwala.
The area is known for a historical road from Khurrianwala to Chak Jhumra, constructed by King Sher Shah Suri. During his reign, much development took place. He also made a tower for postal purposes, which can still be seen. It is the oldest building in Khurrianwala.[dead link] The police station of Khurrianwala was established in 1914. Faisalabad's famous psychologist have started a large psychological rehabilitation center for psychiatric patients and drug addicts called "REHAB HOME" in Khurrianwala, Jhumra Road near Khawaja Garden.
Khurrianwala has observed an enormous growth in its population for the last two decades owing to the rapid increase in textile and cotton based industries. Around 15000 people travel in and out of Khurrianwala on a working day.
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Khushpur
Khushpur is a Christian village in Faisalabad District in Punjab province of Pakistan. It is located at 31°7'0N 72°53'0E with an altitude of 167 metres (551 feet). Neighbouring settlements include Nara Dada and Rashiana.
The village owes its name to its founder, Father Felix, a European missionary who established a number of villages like Mariamabad in Shekhupura district, Francisabad in Shorkot, Jhang district in Pakistan. “Felix” is the Latin word for "happy". The village was thus given the name of "Khushpur" in Urdu, the "land of Fr Felix" or “land of Happiness”.
Many important Catholic public figures come from the village; people like Bishop John Joseph, Bishop Rufin Anthony, Ilama Paul Ernest, and Shahbaz Bhatti and Mr Simon Jacob MNA were used to live in this village
The village enjoys with fiber system telephone network facility. There are Government schools for boys as well as for girls where children from the surrounding villages come for studies. Parallel Private schools are also serving the students.
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Khuzdar
Khuzdar or Khozdar (Balochi: خضدار) is a town located in Khuzdar District in Balochistan, Pakistan. Khuzdar is the capital of Khuzdar District, which was created on 1 March 1974. Previously, Khuzdar was part of Kalat District.
Khuzdar was the capital of the Brahui kingdom of Makran.
In the early 17th century it was part of the Jhalawan kingdom, but it soon fell under the Kingdom of Kalat, where it remained until a series of revolts during the reign of Khudadad Khan (1857-1893). By 1896, after Khudadad's death, the authority of Kalat was restored.
Under a treaty with Kalat, the British appointed a political agent at Khuzdar in 1903. British assistance continued until 1947, after which the area was acceded to Pakistan as part of the two nation theory and became a Democracy. When the Baluchistan States Union became Kalat Division, Khuzdar was established as the divisional headquarters. The divisional administration of Pakistan ended in 2000. Khuzdar was again established as the Divisional headquarters in June 2009 by the Pakistan Peoples Party Government.
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Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Pashto: خیبر پښتونخوا [xaiˈbər pəxtunˈxwɑ]; Urdu: خیبر پختونخوا [ˈxɛːbər pəxˈtuːnxwaː]), locally called Pukhtunkhwa, and formerly known as the North-West Frontier Province and various other names, is one of the four provinces of Pakistan, located in the north-west of the country. It borders Afghanistan to the north-west, Gilgit–Baltistan to the north-east, Azad Kashmir to the east, the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) to the west and south, Balochistan to the south and Punjab and the Islamabad Capital Territory to the south-east. The main ethnic group in the province is the Pashtuns; other smaller ethnic groups include most notably the Hindkowanss, Gujjar's and Chitralis. The principal languages are Pashto (locally referred to as Pukhto) The provincial capital is Peshawar.
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa sits primarily on the Iranian plateau and comprises the junction where the slopes of the Hindu Kush mountains on the Eurasian plate give way to the Indus-watered hills approaching South Asia. This situation has led to seismic activity in the past. The famous Khyber Pass links the province to Afghanistan, while the Kohalla Bridge in Circle Bakote Abbottabad is a major crossing point over the Jhelum River in the east.
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Kobe
Kobe (神戸市, Kōbe-shi?, Japanese pronunciation: [koːbe]), is the fifth-largest city in Japan and is the capital city of Hyōgo Prefecture on the southern side of the main island of Honshū, approximately 30 km (19 mi) west of Osaka. With a population of about 1.5 million, the city is part of the Keihanshin (Keihanshin) metropolitan area along with Osaka and Kyoto.
The earliest written records regarding the region come from the Nihon Shoki, which describes the founding of the Ikuta Shrine by Empress Jingū in AD 201. For most of its history the area was never a single political entity, even during the Tokugawa Period, when the port was controlled directly by the Tokugawa Shogunate. Kobe did not exist in its current form until its founding in 1889. Its name comes from "kanbe" (神戸?), an archaic title for supporters of the city's Ikuta Shrine. Kobe became one of Japan's 17 designated cities in 1956.
Kobe was one of the cities to open for trade with the West following the end of the policy of seclusion and has since been known as a cosmopolitan port city. While the 1995 Great Hanshin Earthquake diminished much of Kobe's prominence as a port city, it remains Japan's fourth busiest container port. Companies headquartered in Kobe include ASICS, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, and Kobe Steel, as well as over 100 international corporations with Asia or Japan headquarters in the city such as Procter & Gamble, Boehringer-Ingelheim and Nestlé. The city is the point of origin and namesake of Kobe beef as well as the site of one of Japan's most famous hot spring resorts, Arima Onsen.
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Kohat
Kohat (Pashto: کوهاټ) is a medium sized town in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is located at 33°35'13N 71°26'29E with an altitude of 489 metres (1607 feet) and is the capital of Kohat District. The town centres around a British-era fort, various bazaars, and a military cantonment. A British-built narrow gauge railway runs through the town. Kohat Pass is to the north.
The town of Kohat is situated on the left bank of the Kohat toi at a point where, after running nearly due east for 50 miles (80 km), is takes a turn to south. The total area of the district is 2,545 square kilometres (983 sq mi).[citation needed]
Before the partition there were only two high School in Kohat, Islima High School and Barathery High School.[citation needed]
http://www.kohatpressclub.n.nu
List of airports in Pakistan, Kohat Airbase
Much of the transport is privately operated within the city limits. There are also many buses that pass through the city via the Indus Highway. Most going to Peshawar and running between Bannu, D.I. Khan, Islamabad and rest of Pakistan. The railway line is operated between Kohat and Rawalpindi only.
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Kotli
Kotli (Urdu: کوٹلی, Pahari-Potohari/Hindko/Pashto: کوٹلی) or Cotly, as known in Britain, is the chief town of Kotli District, in the Pakistani-administered Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Kotli is linked with Mirpur by two metalled roads, one via Rajdhani, (90 km) and the other via Charhoi. It is also directly linked with Rawalakot via Trarkhal (82 km) and a double road which links Kotli with the rest of Pakistan via Sehnsa, another major town in Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Kotli is roughly a three hours drive from Islamabad and Rawalpindi, at a distance of 117 km via Sehnsa.
As stated in History of the Punjab Hill States by J.Hutchinson and J.P. Vogel: "Kotli was founded about the fifteenth century by a branch of the royal family of Kashmir. Kotli and Poonch remained independent until subdued by Ranjit Singh in 1815 and 1819 respectively."
The royal family of Kashmir Hutchinson and Vogel are referring to is the family of Raja Mangar Pal. Before its name was Kohtali mean (under mountain) after that people changed its name to Kotli. Kotli was historically known as Kotli.
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Lahore
Lahore (Punjabi: لہور, Urdu: لاہور) is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab and the second largest city in the country. With a rich history dating back over a millennium, Lahore is a main cultural centre of Pakistan. One of the most densely populated cities in the world, Lahore remains an economic, political, transportation, entertainment, and educational hub.
Lahore successively served as regional capital of the empires of the Shahi kingdoms in the 11th century, the Ghaznavids in the 12th century, the Ghurid State in the 12th and 13th centuries the Mughal Empire in the 16th century, the Sikh expansion in the early 19th century, and it was the capital of the Punjab region under the British Raj in the mid 19th and early 20th century. The traditional capital of Punjab for a thousand years, Lahore was the cultural center of the northern Indian subcontinent which extends from the eastern banks of the Indus River to New Delhi. Mughal structures such as the Badshahi Mosque, the Lahore Fort, Shalimar Gardens, and the mausolea of Jehangir and Nur Jehan are tourist attractions. Lahore is also home to many British colonial structures built in the Indo-Saracenic style, such as the Lahore High Court, the General Post Office, Lahore Museum and many older universities including the University of the Punjab. The Lahore Zoo, thought to be the fourth oldest in the world, is also situated here.
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Larkana
Coordinates: 27°33′36″N 68°13′35″E / 27.56°N 68.22639°E / 27.56; 68.22639
Larkana or Larkano (Urdu:لاڑکانہ [laːɽkaːnaː], Sindhi: لاڙڪاڻو [laːɽkaːnoː]1901) is the fourth largest city in the north-western part of Sindh Province, Pakistan, and is located within Larkana District.The old name of larkano is chandka which was changed in 1901. In August 2000 Larkana celebrated its hundred years of existence. It is located on the south bank of the Ghar canal, 40 miles south of Shikarpur town, and 36 miles north-east of Mehar.
During British rule Larkana became the headquarters of Larkana District and Larkana Taluka, and for a time was part of the Bombay Presidency of British India. The city lay on the route of the North-Western Railway, and the population according to the 1901 census of India was 14,543. The name was taken from the Larik (caste) as Larkana, at that time the chief of the caste was Sardar Saeed Nawaz Larik.
The Imperial Gazetteer of India describes the town as follows:
Chandka Medical College (CMC), a gift from former Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto for the people of Sindh, was inaugurated on 20th April, 1973 as 4th medical college of the Sindh. First Batch of 150 students was admitted in 1973. It was necessary to provide accommodation (hostels) to the students for which Polytechnic Institute Elementary Teachers Training College and Nursing hostel were utilized for boys & girls respectively. Second Batch of 250 students was admitted in 1974. due to shortage of accommodation as a result of increasing number of admissions, one, four story, girls hostel & two boys hostels were constructed,. Now it has six boys hostels and two girls which can accommodates about 1100 students.
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Los Angeles
Los Angeles (i/lɒs ˈændʒələs/ loss-AN-jə-ləs; Spanish: [los ˈaŋxeles], which is written Los Ángeles; British pronounciation /lɒs ˈændʒəliːz/ loss-AN-jə-leez) with a population at the 2010 United States Census of 3,792,621, is the most populous city in the state of California, and the second most populous in the United States, after New York City. It has an area of 468.67 square miles (1,213.8 km2), and is located in Southern California. Often known by its initials L.A., the city is the focal point of the larger Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana metropolitan statistical area and Greater Los Angeles Area region, which contain 12,828,837 and nearly 18 million people respectively as of 2010, making it one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world and the second largest in the United States. Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated and one of the most ethnically diverse counties in the United States, while the entire Los Angeles area itself has been recognized as the most diverse of the nation's largest cities. The city's inhabitants are referred to as "Angelenos".
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Ludhiana
Ludhiana /ˌluːdiˈɑːnə/ (also Ludhyana; Punjabi: ਲੁਧਿਆਣਾ) is a city and a municipal corporation in Ludhiana district in the Indian state of Punjab. It is the largest city in the state, with an estimated population of 1,613,878 in 2011. The population increases substantially during the crop harvesting season due to migration of laborers from states like Eastern Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Orissa and Delhi. It has an area of about 310 km². The city stands on the Sutlej River's old bank, 13 km south of its present course. It is a major industrial center of northern India. Residents of the city may be referred to as Ludhianvis.[citation needed]
Ludhiana is located 100 km west from state capital Chandigarh on NH 95 and is centrally located on National Highway 1 from Indian capital New Delhi to Amritsar, and is well connected to New Delhi by road, frequent train service and by air.
Ludhiana is a well known NRI district of Punjab with a large population living abroad in Canada, and the U.S.
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Madina Town
Madina Town is a residential neighbourhood in Faisalabad, Pakistan. It is located near Susan Road and is considered one of the posh parts of the city.[citation needed] It became a municipal administration area (town) in 2005.
Its main villages are Bhaiwala, Gatti, 204RB, Manawala. Dhuddi Wala 214/R.B[clarification needed]
It is mainly situated between two Canals 213/RB and 214/RB.
Mostly people are well educated, and they speak fluent in Urdu and also English because Madina Town developing so quickly. There are many colleges for women, one of them is Govt College for women, Madina Town, Faisalabad.The other is a private college Shibillee college.Junior branch of D.M.C is in Madina town.
http://mediadesigntool.com/
Coordinates: 31°25′N 73°08′E / 31.417°N 73.133°E / 31.417; 73.133
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Manchester
Coordinates: 53°28′N 2°14′W / 53.467°N 2.233°W / 53.467; -2.233
Manchesteri/ˈmæntʃɛstər/ is a city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England with an estimated population of 498,800 in 2010. Manchester lies within one of the United Kingdom's largest urban areas; the Greater Manchester Urban Area which has a population of 2.2 million. The demonym of Manchester is Mancunian and the local authority is Manchester City Council.
Manchester is situated in the south-central part of North West England, fringed by the Cheshire Plain to the south and the Pennines to the north and east. The recorded history of Manchester began with the civilian settlement associated with the Roman fort of Mamucium, which was established in c. 79 AD on a sandstone bluff near the confluence of the rivers Medlock and Irwell. Historically, most of the city was a part of Lancashire, although areas south of the River Mersey were in Cheshire. Throughout the Middle Ages Manchester remained a manorial township, but it began to expand "at an astonishing rate" around the turn of the 19th century. Manchester's unplanned urbanisation was brought on by a boom in textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution, and resulted in it becoming the world's first industrialised city. An early 19th-century factory building boom transformed Manchester from a township into a major mill town and borough that was granted city status in 1853. In 1894 the Manchester Ship Canal was built, creating the Port of Manchester.
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Mansehra
Mansehra (Hindko/Urdu: مانسہرہ) city is located at 34°20′N 73°12′E / 34.333°N 73.2°E / 34.333; 73.2Coordinates: 34°20′N 73°12′E / 34.333°N 73.2°E / 34.333; 73.2 in Mansehra District, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is very near to Abbottabad city. It is a major stop for tourists on the Karakoram Highway which leads to China. It is also a major transit point to the northern areas and locations such as the Kaghan Valley, Naran, Shogran, Lake Saiful Mulook and Babusar Top.
The area of Mansehra has been under the rule of various emperors and governments, including Alexander the Great, Ashoka the Great, the Turks and the British Empire.
Alexander the Great conquered and established his rule over a large part of northern India, including the Mansehra area. In the year 327 B.C. Alexander handed the area over to the Indian king Abisares.
During the Maurya dynasty, Mansehra was a part of Taxila. Ashoka the Great was the governor of this area when he was a prince. After the death of his father, the Mauryan emperor Bindusara, Ashoka ascended to the throne around 272 B.C. and made this area one of the major seats of his government. The Edicts of Ashoka inscribed on three large boulders on the side of a rocky outcrop near Mansehra serve as evidence of his rule here. The Mansehra rocks record fourteen of Ashoka's edicts, presenting aspects of the emperor's dharma or righteous law, and represent the earliest irrefutable evidence of writing in South Asia. Dating to middle of the third century BC, they are written from right to left in the Kharosthi script.
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Mardan
Mardan (Pukhto: مردان), known as The city of hospitality, is a city and headquarters of Mardan District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan. It is the de facto headquarters of the Yousafzai tribe and the second most populous city in the province, located at 34°12'0N 72°1'60E and an altitude of 283 metres (928 ft) in the south west of the district. Mardan is a federation of a number of small towns coming together to form a large city.
Mardan valley was part of the ancient Gandhara civilization but at that time the name Mardan and Mardan City was not constructed, instead Gandhara civilization consisted of small sub-kingdoms at the hill tops of Jamal Garhi, Shahbaz Garhi and Thakhat Bahi. The ruins of these cities still exist. Mardan City foundation was laid down by Saint Ali Mardan Shah (nickname Madai-Baba) in about in 11th - 12th century A.D. His shrine is at Jalala. His son Zamin Shah Baba was also a saint, buried in Mardan Cantt. Most of its land is agricultural.[citation needed] It has one of the world's best irrigation systems,[citation needed] which was laid down in 1934 from the Swat River through Jabban Hydel Power Station, during the British Raj between 1857 and 1947. There are still remains of the Gandhara civilization, scattered in different areas of Mardan.[citation needed]
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Mehrgarh
Mehrgarh (Brahui: Mehrgaŕh, Urdu: مہرگڑھ), one of the most important Neolithic (7000 BCE to c. 2500 BCE) sites in archaeology, lies on the "Kachi plain" of now Balochistan, Pakistan. It is one of the earliest sites with evidence of farming (wheat and barley) and herding (cattle, sheep and goats) in South Asia."
Mehrgarh is located near the Bolan Pass, to the west of the Indus River valley and between the now Pakistani cities of Quetta, Kalat and Sibi. The site was discovered in 1974 by an archaeological team directed by French archaeologist Jean-François Jarrige, and was excavated continuously between 1974 and 1986, and again from 1997 to 2000. The earliest settlement at Mehrgarh—in the northeast corner of the 495-acre (2.00 km2) site—was a small farming village dated between 7000 BCE to 5500 BCE and the whole area covers a number of successive settlements. Archaeological material has been found in six mounds, and about 32,000 artifacts have been collected.
Early Mehrgarh residents lived in mud brick houses, stored their grain in granaries, fashioned tools with local copper ore, and lined their large basket containers with bitumen. They cultivated six-row barley, einkorn and emmer wheat, jujubes and dates, and herded sheep, goats and cattle. Residents of the later period (5500 BCE to 2600 BCE) put much effort into crafts, including flint knapping, tanning, bead production, and metal working. The site was occupied continuously until about 2600 BCE. Mehrgarh is probably the earliest known center of agriculture in South Asia.
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Mianwali
Mianwali (Punjabi, Urdu: میانوالی) is the capital city of Mianwali District and situated in the north-west of Punjab province, Pakistan. The city is located on the eastern bank of the Indus River. Thal canal traverses the city and makes the surroundings a picturesque place.
According to the 1998 census of Pakistan, the Mianwali city had a population of 85,000 inhabitants.[citation needed]
In November 1901, present day towns of Mianwali, Bhakkar, Isa Khel, Kalabagh, and Kundian were separated from Bannu District and hence a new district named as Mianwali District was created with the headquarters in Mianwali city. The municipal committee was founded in December 1903 and has remained operational since then.
The city has a FM Radio Station (FM 93), municipal library now called Professor Muhammad Feroz Shah Library, sports complex, and hockey stadium. There are several educational institutions from elementary to post-graduate level. .
The city has an airport built near the old World War II aerodrome and known as PAF Base Mianwali. It is one of the major operational bases of the country. The No.1 Fighter Conversion Unit of the PAF is stationed here.
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Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire, Shahan-e-Gurkhani, Shahan-e-Mughal, Sultanate-e-Mughliya, Daulat-e-Mughliya (Persian: شاهان گورکانی Shāhān-e Gūrkānī; Urdu: مغلیہ سلطنت; self-designation: گوركانى Gūrkānī ), or Mogul (also Moghul) Empire in traditional English usage, was an imperial power from the Indian Subcontinent. The Mughal emperors were direct descendants of Genghis Khan through Chagatai Khan and Timur. The Mughal Empire began in 1526; at the height of their power in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, they controlled most of the Indian Subcontinent—extending from Bengal in the east to Balochistan in the west, Kashmir in the north to the Kaveri basin in the south. According to "Babur-Nama", Kazakh tribal aristocracy along with number of other Turkic soldiers participated actively in the campaign of Babur, which made great influence over the development of Mughal Empire. Its population at that time has been estimated as between 110 and 150 million, over a territory of more than 3.2 million square kilometres (1.2 million square miles).
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Multan
Multan (Saraiki, Punjabi, Urdu: : مُلتان pronunciation (help·info)), is a city in the Punjab province of Pakistan.According to area its 3rd largest city of Pakistan,but according to population its on 5th number. It is located in the southern part of the province on the east bank of the Chenab River, more or less in the geographic centre of the country and about 562 km (349 mi) from Islamabad, 356 km (221 mi) from Lahore and 966 km (600 mi) from Karachi. Multan District has a population of 3.1 million (1998).
Multan is known as the City of Sufis or City of Saints and Madinah-Tul-Awleyah due to the large number of shrines and Sufi saints from the city. According to area its 3rd largest city of Pakistan,but according to population its on 3rd number. The city is full of bazaars, mosques, shrines and ornate tombs. Multan is also the birthplace of Fariduddin Ganjshakar popularly known as Baba Farid who is considered a father of Punjabi language and one of the pioneers in developing Shahmukhī script of Punjabi language which was later adopted by almost all Muslim saints and intellectuals in Punjab region and even in whole of India. Celebrated sufi saint of Punjab and North India Khwaja Ghulam Farid also adopted Shahmukhī script of Punjabi language to convey his teachings.Multan is located in a bend created by five rivers of central Pakistan. The Sutlej River separates it from Bahawalpur and the Chenab River from Muzaffar Garh. The city has grown to become an influential political and economical center for the country, with a dry port and excellent transport links. Multan is famous for its crops: wheat, cotton and sugar cane as well as mangoes, citrus, guavas and pomegranates.
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Murree
Murree (Punjabi, Urdu: مری) is a hill station and summer resort and the administrative centre of Murree Tehsil, which is a subdivision of Rawalpindi District and includes the Murree Hills.
Murree was the summer capital of the British Raj in the Punjab Province (British India). A popular tourist destination, Murree is often referred to as the "Queen of Hills," a term coined by the British. Located in the north-west Himalayas at an average altitude of 2,291 metres (7,516 ft), the city of Murree, draped in forests of pine, and oak, experiences pleasant summers and cold, snowy winters. The city is famous for its buildings styled in tudorbethan and neo-gothic architecture dating from the colonial era.
Murree is located along the Islamabad-Murree Highway, some 58.3 km (36.2 mi) northeast of Islamabad.
The name Murree is derived from 'marhi', "high place",
Murree was developed in 1851 by the (then) President of the Punjab Administrative Board, Sir Henry Lawrence, and was originally established for the British troops garrisoned on the Afghan frontier as a sanatorium. Officially, the municipality was created in 1850.
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Muzaffarabad
Muzaffarabad (Urdu: مظفر آباد, Pahari, Potwari, on mountain there are sexy girl
The residents of Muzaffarabad are a highly literate and business orientated class maintaining close ties with the financial capitals of Northern Pakistan, primarily Rawalpindi and the KPK. Muzaffarabad is a prime destination for further and higher education for the youth of Azad Kashmir and also produces the elite class of Azad Kashmir such as doctors, lawyers and businessmen. Rawalpindi is also a prime destination for further education and training.
An interesting point to note is that the entrance to the Kashmir valley faces northwards and passes westwardly through Neelum and down towards Muzaffarabad, where trade had flourished prior to the Kashmir dispute between the valley and Azad Kashmir.
Muzaffarabad is situated at the confluence of the Jhelum and Neelum rivers. The city is 138 kilometres from Rawalpindi and Islamabad and about 76 kilometres from Abbottabad. Muzaffarabad city is connected to Islamabad by a motorway, increasing trade between the mainland and the autonomous region. Cradled by lofty mountains, Muzaffarabad reflects a blend of various cultures and languages. The main language is a form of potohari and Pahari. The Neelum river plays a dominant role in the microclimate of Muzaffarabad which joins Jehlum River near Domail.
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Nara Dada
Nara Dada (Urdu: ناراڈاڈا) (also known as 228 GB (Gogera branch) is a village in Pakistan, located on the Gojra - Samundari road. The exact history of the village is not known but this village existed before the partition of India and Pakistan. Most of the inhabitants of the village came to live there following migration from the villages Nara and Dada, in the Indian district of Hushiarpur - the village's name is a combination of these two names.
Most of the inhabitants are Muslim Rajputs who have migrated from India, but there are also a number of Christians living there.
This village is situated near a road, which is why it acts as a hub to many other villages in the region. The lands surrounding the village are very fertile, and crops like wheat, sugarcan, and maze grown their.
There are two high schools in Nara Dada — one for boys and one for girls and a number of private schools with low quality education. The people of Nara Dada take great pride in the level of education achieved - a number of students from the village have moved on to high functions in large companies because of their education. However, there is a notable difference of quality between the boys and girls schools - the girls high school is said to have no science teacher, and is being less supported in terms of staff.
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Nawabshah
Nawabshah (Sindhi: نوابشاهه), or Shaheed Benazirabad, is a district in the Sindh province of Pakistan. It is headquarter of Shaheed Benazir Abad District (formerly Nawabshah District). It has a population of 1,135,131.
By road it is a 4 hour drive from Karachi on the National Highway, Sakrand along the left bank of River Indus near Sakrand Taluka, Pakistan.
Nawabshah formerly formed part of Sukkur division. The deputy commissioner is responsible for overall administration of the District. Nawabshah is furthermore sub-divided into 4 Talukas:
Nawabshah is famous for sugarcane, mango and banana production. The climate is usually very hot and dry, with summer temperatures soaring as high as 53 degrees Celsius. Winters start late, around mid-November, lasting to around mid-February, with night-time temperatures often reaching 4 degrees Ccelsius. Temperatures below zero are very rare. The city is one of Pakistan's hottest areas.
The highest temperatures each year in Pakistan, typically rising to above 50 °C (122 °F), are usually recorded in Nawabshah District and Sibbi from May to August. The climate is generally dry and hot, but sometimes the temperature falls to 0 °C (32 °F). On January 7, 2011 temperatures dropped to 4 °C (39 °F) in the city.
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Niamuana
Chak No 235 R-B Niamuana is a village in Faisalabad, Pakistan. It is situated on Samundri Road Faisalabad near rafhan mill stop. It is a major village of the Pahore and rajoka tribe. Jat,watto,kharal are also lives in Niamuana.
here is the map. http://maps.google.com/maps?q=faisalabad&hl=en&ll=31.338958,73.09026&spn=0.01118,0.013797&sll=37.0625,-95.677068&sspn=39.371738,56.513672&hnear=Faisalabad,+Punjab,+Pakistan&t=h&z=16
It has a vast graveyard and a pilgrimage of saint Baba Shah Jamal Bukhari.There is a community center in the center of the village and also Eid Gah. Lush green fields around the village make it beautiful. A vast playground is also for youth to play different sports.Major sports of this village are cricket , football and handball.
Mela Mandi muysyan is a festival celebrated every six months.this is trademark of Niamuana. this festival is famous for tent pegging.
Coordinates: 31°20′N 73°05′E / 31.333°N 73.083°E / 31.333; 73.083
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Painsra
Painsra (Urdu: پینسرہ, Punjabi: پینسرا) is a town of Faisalabad District located on Jhang road from Faisalabad. It is about 30 km from Bhawana City, 48 km from Jhang and 27 km from Faisalabad.
Its language mostly speaking is Punjabi in three styles.
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Pakistan
Pakistan (i/ˈpækɨstæn/ or i/pɑːkiˈstɑːn/; Urdu: پاکستان) (Urdu pronunciation: [paːkɪˈst̪aːn] (
listen)), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (Urdu: اسلامی جمہوریۂ پاکستان), is a sovereign country in South Asia. It sits at the crossroads of the strategically important regions of South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. It has a 1,046-kilometre (650 mi) coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west and north, Iran to the southwest and China in the far northeast. It is separated from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's narrow Wakhan Corridor in the north, and it shares a marine border with Oman.
The territory of modern Pakistan was the site of several ancient cultures, including the Neolithic Mehrgarh and the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation, and has undergone invasions or settlements by Hindu, Persian, Indo-Greek, Islamic, Turco-Mongol, Afghan and Sikh cultures. Thus the area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Indian Mauryan Empire, the Persian Achaemenid Empire, the Arab Umayyad Caliphate, the Mongol Empire, the Mughal Empire, the Durrani Empire, the Sikh Empire and the British Empire. As a result of the Pakistan Movement led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and India's struggle for independence, Pakistan was created in 1947 as an independent nation for Muslims from the regions in the east and west of India where there was a Muslim majority. Initially a dominion, Pakistan adopted a new constitution in 1956, becoming an Islamic republic. A civil war in 1971 resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh.
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Peerwana
Peerwana is a village in Faisalabad District near Chak Jhumra, Punjab, Pakistan. It is in Chak Jhumra Town's Union Council#2. It is situated on the Faisalabad to Pindi Bhattian Motorway M3 near Sahianwala Interchange. Its Latitude is 31°44'21.51"N and Longitude is 73°13'20.97"E. It is one of the newly built motorways of Pakistan which connects Islamabad and Lahore to Faisalabad. Many people nearby villages have used it as a starting point for Lahore, Islamabad, Peshawar and Multan. It is 140 kilometers away from Lahore and 30 kilometers away from Faisalabad.
It was named after Peer sahab, a prominent saint.
Nearby towns are Salarwala, Sangla Hill, Chak Jhumra, Chiniot and Pindi Bhattian. By road, 43/JB Peerwana is connected to Salarwala, Sangla Hill, Chak Jhumra, Chiniot and Pindi Bhattian.
The most famous things in Peerwana are Darbar Bawa Sardar Ali and Government Primary school for Girls and Boys. Bawa Sardar Ali a Muslim Sufi, Syed Yousaf Shah who gave people teachings of Islam.
This village consists of Gudgor Families mainly except this Aasi Family is there.Ch. Muhammad Afzal Sahi, a former speaker, Punjab assembly of Pakistan, was a famous follower of Bawa Sardar Ali and used to visit darbar time and again. The town has a multi-ethnic population of ten thousand. Much of this population is uneducated. Conditions of civil amenities are poor. A government hospital exists three kilometer away from main population area which was established in the time of united India. It has shifted to a new building and its old land has been occupied by land mafia.[citation needed]
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Peshawar
Peshawar (Pashto: پېښور Pēx̌awar; Hindko: پيشور Pishōr; Urdu: پشاور Pishāwar; Persian: پیشاور P īshāwar; pronunciation (help·info)) is the capital of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa (formerly known as NWFP), and the administrative centre and central economic hub for the Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan. Peshawar is situated in a large valley near the eastern end of the Khyber Pass. Known as "City on the Frontier", Peshawar's strategic location on the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia has made it one of the most culturally vibrant and lively cities in the greater region. Peshawar is irrigated by various canals of the Kabul River and by its right tributary, the Bara River.
Peshawar has evolved into one of Pakistan's most ethnically and linguistically diverse cities. In the last three decades, there has been a significant increase in urban population, in part due to internal migration of people in search of better employment opportunities, education, and services, and in part because of the influx of Afghan refugees and other people displaced by military operations and civil unrest in neighboring regions. Peshawar is the major educational, political and business center of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
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Pothohar Plateau
The Pothohar Plateau (also spelled Pothwar, Potowar or Potohar) (Urdu: سطح مرتفع پوٹھوہار) is a plateau in north-eastern Pakistan, between north Punjab and the western parts of Azad Kashmir. The area was the home of the Soanian Culture, which is evidenced by the discovery of fossils, tools, coins, and remains of ancient archaeological sites. The local Potwari people speak the Potwari language, while Hindko, Punjabi and Pashto are spoken by smaller populations.
Potohar Plateau is bounded on the east by the Jhelum River, on the west by the Indus River, on the north by the Kala Chitta Range and the Margalla Hills, and on the south by the Salt Range. The Kāla Chitta Range thrusts eastward across the plateau toward Rawalpindi; the valleys of the Haro and Soan rivers cross the plateau from the eastern foothills to the Indus. The ramparts of the Salt Range stretching from east to west in the south separate Potohar from the Punjab Plain. The Pothohar Plateau includes the current four districts of Jhelum, Chakwal, Rawalpindi, Attock. The terrain is undulating. The Kala Chitta Range rises to an average height of 450-900 metres (3,000 ft) and extends for about 72 kilometres (45 mi). The Swaan River starts from nearby Murree and ends near Kalabagh in the Indus river. Sakesar is the highest mountain of this region.
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Quetta
Quetta (Pashto: کوټه, Urdu: کوئٹہ pronunciation (help·info)) is the largest city and the provincial capital of the Balochistan Province of Pakistan. Known as the Fruit Garden of Balochistan due to the diversity of its plant and animal wildlife, Quetta is home to the Hazarganji Chiltan National Park, which contains rare wildlife.
The city is situated at an average elevation of 1,680 meters (5,500 ft) above sea level, making it Pakistan's only high-altitude major city. Located in a river valley, Quetta derives its name from the Pashto word "Kuwatta", which means "a fort".
Sitting near the Durand Line border with Afghanistan and close to Kandahar province, Quetta is a trade and communications center between the two countries as well as an important military location which occupies a strategic position for the Pakistani Armed Forces. The city lies on the Bolan Pass route which was once the only gateway to and from South Asia. Due to its proximity to Afghanistan and Central Asia, the city is a major stronghold along the western frontier of the country.
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Rahim Yar Khan
Rahim Yar Khan ( رحیم یار خان) is a city in South Punjab, Pakistan. Rahim Yar Khan is the capital city of Rahim Yar Khan District as well as the tehsil of the same name. The city itself is administratively subdivided into 9 Union councils. According to the 1998 census, the city population was 233,537 with an annual growth rate of 3.50%. As of in 2009, it is around 340,810. The area of Rahim Yar Khan City is about 22 Square Kilometre.
Alexander was the warrior and conqueror when he entered Multan the City which is known by its Saints. He Appointed One of his Famous General Phillipos to Rule the Area. Rahim Yar Khan and Neighboring Cities Came under Alexander Successors Rule. His Rule was Spread from the City of Multan Till Sukkur (then known as Poros) He was Challenged by Raja Poros in the Battle of Poros and got defeated. With this the Alexander Era Came to an End.
The Buddhist Empire was headed by Asoka. During his quest of power he invade almost whole of the subcontinent. His influence in this area is still unknown to many but it is believed that Rahim Yar Khan was the Part of His Empire before 493 A.D.
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Ram Diwali
Ram Diwali (Urdu: رام دیوالی) is an area located in the city of Faisalabad. Ram Diwali comprises four villages which are known as Chak No. 1 JB, Chak No. 2 JB, Chak No. 3 JB, & Chak No 4 JB. It is situated on the Sargodha road and lies to the north of Faisalabad, 5 kilometers away from the M3 Motorway. The region is mainly inhabited by the Randhawa tribe of the Jatts. It is located at 31°33'35N 73°2'56E with an altitude of 177 metres (583 feet).Ch.Muhammad Bashir Randhawa was a prominent citizen from Chak 4JB of Ram Dewali Arfa Karim was also a prominent citizen from Chak 4JB of Ram Dewali.
Coordinates: 31°33′35″N 73°2′56″E / 31.55972°N 73.04889°E / 31.55972; 73.04889
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Ravi River
Coordinates: 30°35′N 71°49′E / 30.583°N 71.817°E / 30.583; 71.817 The Ravi (Sanskrit: इरावती, परुष्णि, Hindi: रावी, Punjabi: ਰਾਵੀ, Urdu: راوی) is a trans-boundary river flowing through Northwestern India and eastern Pakistan. It is one of the six rivers of the Indus System in Punjab region (name of Punjab means "Five Rivers").
After the partition of India in August 1947, the waters of the Ravi River, along with five other rivers of the Indus system (Beas, Sutlej, Chenab, Jhelum and Indus), divided India and Pakistan under the Indus Water Treaty, which was facilitated by the World Bank. Subsequently, Indus Basin Project has been developed in Pakistan and many Inter Basin Water Transfers, Irrigation, Hydropower and multipurpose projects have been built in India.
According to ancient history traced to Vedas, the Ravi River was known as Iravati (also spelt Airavati). Another Vedic name was Purushni.
Part of the battle of the ten kings was fought on the Parushni River, which according to Yaska (Nirukta 9.26) refers to the Iravati River (Ravi River) in the Punjab.
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Rawalakot
Rawalakot (Urdu: راولا کوٹ), is a town in Azad Kashmir, and is the district headquarter of Poonch Division and Poonch District. It is in a beautiful valley surrounded by hills.
Rawalakot is located at Latitude 33°51'32.18"N, Longitude 73° 45'34.93"E and an Elevation of 5374 feet. Rawalakot is approximately 76 kilometres (47 mi) from Kohala, Pakistan and about 120 km (75 mi) from the city of Rawalpindi. It is linked with Rawalpindi and Islamabad via Goyain Nala and Tayeen roads. It is also linked with Rawalpindi via Sudhnuti.
Surrounding villages of Rawalakot are Pachiot, Chirooti, Baghina, Datote, Barien, Ballari, Argali, Paniola, Zairat, Kharian, Laghriat,Singola Awanabad, Thorar, Mong, Androte, Rehara, Hurna Maira, Kottera, Barian Pothi, Khayi Gala, Kharick, Rairbun, Topa Soon (Soon Topa 8 km from Rawalakot), Kaimon, Titrot, Motialmara, Trar Dewan, Chaire, Chapanidahar, Chuck, Tranni, Dahmni, Parat, Pothi Bala/Makwalan, Kharek, Pakgali, Paniola, Banakha, Khayt Chrian, Mohri Farman Shah, Dreak, Banjosa, Hussainkot, Hurnamaira, Thorar, Rehara, Bangoin, Jandala, Timrot and Thala Tain. Bagh District lies to the north and Sudhnuti District lies to the south of Rawalakot.
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Rawalpindi
Rawalpindi (Urdu: راولپنڈی,Rāwalpindī), locally known as Pindi, is a city in the Pothohar region of Pakistan near Pakistan's capital city of Islamabad, in the province of Punjab. Rawalpindi is the fourth largest city in Pakistan after Karachi, Lahore and Faisalabad. In the 1950s, Rawalpindi was smaller than Hyderabad and Multan, but the city's economy received a boost during the building of Islamabad (1959–1969), during which time Rawalpindi served as the national capital and its population increased from 180,000 at the time of independence to over 4.5 million in 2007.[citation needed] Rawalpindi is located in the northernmost part of the Punjab province, 275 km (171 mi) to the north-west of Lahore. It is the administrative seat of the Rawalpindi District. The total area of the city is approximately 154 square kilometres (59 sq mi). Rawalpindi is the military headquarters of the Pakistani Armed Forces.
Rawalpindi, named after Raja Pindi, is a bustling city on the northernmost part of the Punjab province, strategically located between the NWFP and Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Many tourists use the city as a stop before traveling towards the northern areas. Rawalpindi is also a prime destination for the expatriate community of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Numerous shopping bazaars, parks and a cosmopolitan population attract shoppers from all over Pakistan and abroad. The city is home to several industries and factories. Islamabad International Airport is actually located in Rawalpindi and serves both cities.
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Rurala Road
Rurala Road (Urdu: روڑالہ روڈ) is a small town in the tehsil of Jaranwala, district of Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. It is located at 31°12'5N 0N 73°17'60E with an altitude of 170 metres (561feet).
Rurala Road is also known as Chak No.283 GB. Its Union Council number is 70. It is located between Tehsil Jaranwala and Tehsil Tandlianwala. Its postal code is 37200 and telephone number format is 0092 41 4630000. It has a railway station, a bank (HBL), bus stand, taxi stand and some large and small markets. A cable television service with 52 channels is available, as is DSL broadband. It is a trading center for all the villages situated nearby. Rurala Road was one of the busiest villages with the biggest bazaar in the area around Faisalabad in the late 1970s to '80s but, due to migration into cities including Faisalabad and Lahore, its importance has diminished.[citation needed]
There are four food storage godowns in Rurala Road, run by the Government of the Punjab.
The schools in this town include:
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Russia
Russiai/ˈrʌʃə/ or /ˈrʊʃə/ (Russian: Россия, tr. Rossiya; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijə] (
listen)), also officially known as the Russian Federation (Russian: Российская Федерация, tr. Rossiyskaya Federatsiya; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijskəjə fʲɪdʲɪˈratsɨjə] ( listen)), is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both via Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It also has maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk, and the US state of Alaska by the Bering Strait. At 17,075,400 square kilometres (6,592,800 sq mi), Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than one eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area. Russia is also the eighth most populous nation with 143 million people. It extends across the whole of northern Asia and 40% of Europe, spanning nine time zones and incorporating a wide range of environments and landforms. Russia has the world's largest reserves of mineral and energy resources and is the largest producer of oil and natural gas globally. Russia has the world's largest forest reserves and its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the world's fresh water.
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Sadhar
♦Sadhar♦ is a residential area as well as an industrial estate of Faisalabad, Pakistan. Sadhar is considered as a hub of Textile industry of Faisalabad. Cast malik is in majority but arain are remain always in power here. It is the rural center of Faisalabad and is located on the Jhang Road 14Km from Faisalabad. It is also famous because of Fruit & Vegetable Market (Sabzi Mandi). Only Habib Bank Limited branch is situated here at Sadhar Adda. A Village Named "Dhandra"(66JB) near 'Sadhar' is also the old resident Village of Choudhary Rahmat Ali who gave the name of Pakistan. At Sadhar Adaa there is Life Medical Store which the oldest medical store.
Main Jamia Mosque is the main Mosque in Sadhar.
Famous Personalities of Sadhar are below:
Coordinates: 31°21′35.39″N 72°57′09.28″E / 31.3598306°N 72.9525778°E / 31.3598306; 72.9525778
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Sadiqabad
Sadiqabad or Sadiq Abad or Sadik Abad or Sadikabad (Punjabi, Urdu: صادق آباد) is a city in Punjab, Pakistan. Sadiqabad is also the administrative centre of Sadiqabad Tehsil, which is a sub-division of Rahim Yar Khan District.
It is situated at the border of Sindh and Punjab. Sadiqabad is the main transport hub between Punjab and Sindh.You can get from here the transport to travel to any city of Pakistan. Sadiqabad is getting stronger economically as well as better in education. There are now at least 5 colleges teaching the higher secondary school level. Iqra Degree girls college is spreading knowledge specially for girls and teaching the classes at masters level. Sadiqabad has always been good in sports.Cricket team of Govt High school have won many times the BISE championships.
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Sahianwala
Sahianwala (Urdu: ساہیاںوالا) is a Pakistani town located in Faisalabad District near Salarwala and M3 motorway. It has approximately a population of 1,500. It is located approximately 12 km from Chak No 14 Muradwala. Some of the famous personals from sahianwala are Maj Gen Akram Sahi, who is a native of this village and made his area proud of him .
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Sahiwal
Sahiwal (Urdu: ساہیوال) is a city in Punjab, Pakistan. It is the administrative centre of Sahiwal District and Sahiwal Division. Sahiwal is approximately 180 km from the major city Lahore and is the city between Lahore and Multan. The population is 207,388 (1998 Pakistan Census).
A small village on the Karachi-Lahore railway line during 1865 was named Montgomery after Sir Robert Montgomery, then Lieutenant-Governor of Punjab. was made the capital of the Montgomery District. It was renamed Sahiwal in 1967 after the Sahi clan of Kharal Jatt who were the inhabitants of this area.
The city is in the densely populated region between the Sutlej and Ravi rivers. The principal crops are wheat, cotton, tobacco, legumes, potato and oilseeds. Cotton goods and lacquered woodwork are manufactured.
Sahiwal is twinned with the town of Rochdale, in Greater Manchester, North West England. There is a direction sign in Rochdale's town centre pointing in Sahiwal's direction with "Sahiwal 3960 miles" written on it.[citation needed]
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Sahiwal District
Sahiwal District (Urdu: ضلع ساہیوال) is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. As of 1998, it had a population of 1,843,194 people, 16.27% of which were located in urban areas. Since 2008, Sahiwal District along with Okara District and Pakpattan District has comprised the Sahiwal Division. The city of Sahiwal is the capital of both the district and the division.
Sahiwal Division is located in the south-east of Punjab, from Multan Division it lies between 30-40 north latitude and 73-06 longitude. It is 500 ft (150 m) above sea level. It forms a parallelogram lying NE-SW along the River Ravi. It is 100 km from east to west and 45 km from the north-western boundary of the Division of Sahiwal, Division Faisalabad, District Toba Tek Singh. The dry River Khushak Bias separates it from the DistrictPakpattan. Okara District is east of the division. District Khanewal and District Vehari form boundaries with the division, and on the southern side is District Pakpattan, where there is a shrine of the Sufi Hazrat Baba Fareed Shaker Gunj.
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Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербург, tr. Sankt-Peterburg; IPA: [sankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk] ( listen)) is a city and a federal subject (a federal city) of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea. In 1914 the name of the city was changed to Petrograd (Russian: Петроград; IPA: [pʲɪtrɐˈgrat]), in 1924 to Leningrad (Russian: Ленинград; IPA: [lʲɪnʲɪnˈgrat]) and in 1991 back to Saint Petersburg.
In Russian literature, informal documents, and discourse, the "Saint" (Санкт-) is usually omitted, leaving Petersburg (Петербург, Peterburg). In common parlance Russians may drop "-burg" (-бург) as well, leaving only Peter (Питер, Russian: [ˈpʲitʲɪr]).
Saint Petersburg was founded by Tsar Peter the Great on May 27 [O.S. 16] 1703. From 1713 to 1728 and from 1732 to 1918, Saint Petersburg was the Imperial capital of Russia. In 1918 the central government bodies moved from Saint Petersburg (then named Petrograd) to Moscow. It is Russia's second largest city after Moscow with almost 5 million inhabitants. Saint Petersburg is a major European cultural center, and also an important Russian port on the Baltic Sea.
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Salarwala
Salarwala (سالارواله), is located in Faisalabad District, Punjab, Pakistan. Latitude 33.66; Longitude 73.28. It is a town situated on the Faisalabad to Lahore railway section. It is one of the oldest railway stations of pre-partition days. Many people have used it as a starting point for a railway journey to all of the South Asia. It is 60 miles away from Lahore and 20 miles away from Faisalabad.
It was named after Salar Sing, although some refer to it as Dar-ul-Ehsan , a name given to it by erudite Sufi saint Hazrat Muhammad Barkat Ali (QSA), or as he is commonly known, Babaji Sarkar.
Nearby towns are Sangla Hill and Chak Jhumra. By road, Salarwala is connected to Shahkot (Pakistan), Sangla Hill and Chak Jhumra.
The most famous thing in Salarwala is its Government High School for Boys. This school has produced many notable personalities such as Chaudhry Muhammad Afzal Sahi of Chak Jhumra, ex speaker in Provincial Assembly of the Punjab. It should also be noted that Salarwala was home to the aforementioned Babaji Sarkar Sufi Barkat Ali who later migrated to Dalowal Samundri. Nawaz Sharif, a former prime minister of Pakistan, was a famous follower of Babaji Sarkar and used to visit Salarwala time and again.
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Salt Range
The Salt Range is a hill system in the Punjab province of Pakistan, deriving its name from its extensive deposits of rock salt. The range extends from the Jhelum River to the Indus, across the northern portion of the Punjab province. The Salt Range contains the great mines of Mayo, Khewra, Warcha and Kalabagh, which yield vast supplies of salt. Coal of a medium quality is also found.
Two interesting sites are close to Kathwai, Kutte Mar and Tulaja fort. At Kuttee Mar to the Northeast of Kathwai are Muslim graves made of Kangar and the purported grave of a dog that is said to have died defending the wedding procession of its owner from an attack by bandits. Kutte Mar may have been the place where the Khura inscription of Toramana was found (Buhler 1891-92, 238-41; Sircar 1965: 422-4). If this assessment is correct, a Buddhist monastery was established here around 500. A.D. This inscription and another fragmentary inscription found at Sakaser (Pakistan Archaeology 5, 1968: 284-70) confirm that this area was a flourishing, centre for Buddhism, which is borne out by the extensive archaeological remains.
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Samundri
Samundri (Urdu, Punjabi: سمندری) is a city in Faisalabad District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is the headquarters of Samundri Tehsil, a subdivision of the district.
Samundri was on a major trade route during the reign of Sher Shah Suri. The present site of Samundri city was founded in 1887 as Chak No. 533.G.B.
Later it was renamed Samundri because of three Hindu mandirs in the area. The word Seh means Three in Persian and a mandir is a Hindu temple.
In 1887 there were three Hindu shrines in this area but now what remains of them houses the Government Primary School No 4.
After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, many Muslims from East Punjab and Haryana fled India and settled in Samundri.
Samundri is located at 30°48'30N 71°52'15E, with an altitude of 130 metres (429 ft), and is 45 km from Faisalabad.
Jat, Arain,,Rajpoot, kashmiri Butt,*Hundlana Sial* and Gujjars are the major ethnic groups in Samundri.in politics of city samundri GUJJAR remain dominated.
Samundri is home to a major grain market.
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Samundri Tehsil
Samundri Tehsil (Urdu, Punjabi: تحصیل سمندری) is an administrative subdivision, tehsil, of Faisalabad District in Punjab province of Pakistan. The lands of the Tehsil Samundri are irrigated by Gogera branch canal and Burala branch canal. All villages of the tehsil carry G.B. with their Chak numbers and name of village usually follows it for example CHAK No.48GB Maluwaal. Sugar cane is the major cash crop of the area. Wheat, cotton and vegetables are also grown in the fertile lands of the tehsil.
The name of Samundri comes from the presence of three (Seh=three)Hindu temples (Mandr=temple). Hence called Seh-Mandri means a small city with three temples.The name later weired and was converted to Samundri. The city still has lots of old buildings constructed in 1930's or before. Until 1904, during British rule, Samundri was headquarters of a tehsil in the district of Jhang. With the creation of Lyallpur District the Samudri Tehsil was transferred to this district. At that time having an area of 1,309 square miles (3,390 km2)., and it was reduced to 222,005 acres (898.42 km2) as a result of its bifurcation in 1994.
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Sangla Hill
Sangla Hill is a tehsil located in Nankana Sahib District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan.
Coordinates: 31°43′N 73°23′E / 31.717°N 73.383°E / 31.717; 73.383
Sangla hill is a tehsil under district Nankana Sahib. First it was under District Sheikhupura during Pervaiz Musharaf reign it was shifted to Nankana.
It is an historic town located at a height of 313m from sea level. The town has some very old buildings belonging to Hindu people who left them in place during the partition of 1947. A Hindu temple is still visible at the side of Salarwala Sangla Hill road just outside the main city. The chief feature and logical reason for the name of the town is a hill. The peak of this hill is visible from five miles. There are two police stations, police station Sadr and City police station. The town also has 2 degree colleges, one for boys and one for girls. There are two best schools; St. Anthony High School, an International School System and Fauji Foundation higher secondary school which are working from last 22 years and their medium is English and produce highly qualified persons of Sangla Hill. Ever Green Grammar School is newly opened school of 2011 and it has a highly qualified staff. It is middle/primary school. Longowall is also very famous village of sangla Hill situated at north-east side.
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Sargodha
Sargodha (Urdu: سرگودھا) is a major city in the Sargodha District of Punjab province, Pakistan sargodha is the 9th largest city of pakistan and 5th largest of punjab.
Sargodha is located in the northwest of Pakistan. It is the twelfth largest city of Pakistan and also known as Pakistan's best citrus-producing area. It is an agricultural trade centre with various industries. Sargodha is one of the few planned cities in Pakistan, the other being Gwadar, Jauharabad, Dera Ghazi Khan, Faisalabad and Islamabad.
Pakistan's largest airbase, PAF Base Mushaf (formerly PAF Base Sargodha), is situated in Sarghoda and hosts the headquarters of the Pakistan Air Force's Central Air Command. The airbase is also home to the Combat Commanders School (CCS), formerly the Fighter Leader's School, an elite training facility for training Pakistan Air Force pilots in fighter tactics and weapons. The city is also home to Sargodha Medical College.
The term Sargodha has its origins in the words Sar, meaning pond (Talab), and Godha, meaning sadhu(Baba).
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Sheikhupura
Sheikhupura or Shekhupur (Urdu: شيخوپورہ), formerly Kot Dayal Das (کوٹ دیال داس) or Singhpuria (سنگھپوریہ) or Virkgarh (ورک گڑھ), is an industrial city in the province of Punjab slightly northwest to Lahore in Pakistan. It is known for its historical places, and is commonly known locally as Qila Shaikhupura, because of the fort in the city, constructed by the Mughal Emperor Jahangir. The name Sheikhupura is derived from a nickname of Jahangir, who was known as Sheikhu by his father Akbar the Great. The city is the headquarters of Sheikhupura District and is approximately 35 km from Lahore. The original name of Virkgarh was renamed by Jahangir.
The city was renamed Singhpuria in Sikh rule, and had a large Sikh population prior to Partition in 1947, Gurudwaras are seen throughout the city.
The history of Virkgarh/Sheikhupura goes back to 100 BC. Historical research has established the fact that Sangla or Sakala was the capital of Punjab once, and it was here that Alexander the Great of Macedonia (known locally as Sikandar e Azam) fought one of his most serious battles of his career. Its name is spoken of, firstly in the pages of Tuzk-e-Jahangiri as Jahangirpura, after the name of Prince Salim Nur u Din Muhammad Jahangir. The fourth Mughal emperor of India named Jahangir changed the name of the city from Virkgarh to Sheikhupura after converting the majority of the population to Islam. This area belongs to the virk Jats. Virk jats created a fort in the vicinity of current day Sheikhupura and called it VirkGarh., i.e. "citadel of the Virks"
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Shorkot
Shorkot (Punjabi, Urdu: شورکوٹ), is a city in the Punjab, Pakistan. It is also a capital city of Shorkot tehsil in Jhang district. It is located at 30°30'N 72°24'E with an altitude of 131 metres (433 ft). The city is famous for the tombs of Sufis Hazrat Sultan Bahu, Hazrat Shah Mehmood Ghazi (also known as "Ghazi Pir") and Hazrat Pir Syed Mahboob Alam Shah Gilani. The tomb of Pir Syed Mahboob Alam Shah is in the centre of the town. He was sent to the Shorkot by the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam, to spread Islam.
Alexander The Great faced bitter resistance in Shorkot when fighting the Malhi in 325 BC. It is said by someone[by whom?] that, "Alexander ultimately died of wounds received in this battle, and because of the fierce resistance he revised his plans to conquer the remainder of India". The visit of Alexander has been confirmed by Alexander Burs F.R.S. who published an account in his book in 1834. Dray horses were taken as presents from Queen Victoria to Ranjit Singh from Multan to Lahore, they stopped near Shorkot and visited the shrine of Pir Syed Mahboob Alam Shah, found it to be a dusty shrine attended by an old Syed. There on the Bhirr (mound), they found some old coins with the Greek word "Bazileous" stamped on it and conjectured that these were the coins left behind by the Greeks. Scattered shards of pottery are still to be found for miles around the old Bhirr showing that it was an extensive settlement.
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Sialkot
Sialkot (Punjabi, Urdu: سیالکوٹ) is located in Pakistan in the north-east of the Punjab province at the foothills of snow-covered peaks of Kashmir near the Chenab river. It is the capital of Sialkot District. The city is about 125 km (78 mi) north-west of Lahore The recorded history of Sialkot covers thousands of years. Sialkot has, since its foundation, changed hands from Hindu, Buddhist, Persian, Greek, Afghan, Turk, Sikh, Mughal and British rule to that of present-day Pakistan.
There are various sources tracing the origins of the city of Sialkot but the authenticity of many of these sources varies. Excavations throughout the area have revealed large amounts of Greek coins, ancient Zoroastrian temples and several Buddhist stupas. The antiquities of Sialkot have also been discussed by Sir Alexander Cunningham in his Archaeological Survey Reports, II, 21, 22, and XIV, 44 to 47.
According to the Greek historical texts, which bring mention of the city of Sialkot dating back to before 327 BC when the city was known as Sagala, it represented the eastern-most outpost and expansion of the Hellenic Empire created by Alexander the Great which has been cross-correlated to ancient Greek maps of the era and several monuments found in the Sialkot District. The Greek historians state that the city was one of the most productive Silk regions of the Achaemenid Empire. Sákala or Sagala was the capital, or one of the capitals, of the Indo-Greek Kingdom which broke-away from the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom during the Euthydemid Dynasty
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Sidhar
Sidhar (pronounced Sadhar), is a village in West Punjab, Pakistan, situated in Faisalabad District. The village belongs to the Araeen Family. It is located on the Jhang road in the west of Faisalabad next to Faisalabad airport near new sabzi mandi.
Coordinates: 31°21′58.71″N 72°56′31.30″E / 31.3663083°N 72.942028°E / 31.3663083; 72.942028
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Sindh
Sindh (pronounced [sɪnd̪ʱ]; Sindhi: سنڌ; Urdu: سندھ Indica in Latin, Indus in Greek) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhi people. It is also locally known as the "Mehran" and has been given the title of Bab-ul-Islam (The gateway of Islam). The name of Sindh is derived from the Indus River that separates it from Balochistan and the greater Iranian Plateau. This river was known to the ancient Iranians in Avestan as Indus, in Sanskrit as Sindhu, to Assyrians (as early as the seventh century BC) as Sinda, to the Greeks as Indos, to the Romans as Indus, to the Persians as Ab-e-sind, to the Pashtuns as "Abasind", to the Arabs as Al-Sind, to the Chinese as Sintow, and to the Javanese as the Santri.
Sindh is bounded to the west by the Indus River and Balochistan, to the north by Punjab, the east by the Indian states of Gujarat and Rajasthan and to the south by the Arabian Sea. The capital of the province is Karachi, Pakistan's largest city and financial hub. Most of the population in the province is Muslim, with sizeable Christian, Zoroastrian and Hindu minorities. The main language spoken is Sindhi by about 40 million people, while there exists a significant Urdu-speaking minority.
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Sistan Basin
The Sistan Basin is an inland endorheic basin encompassing large parts of southwestern Afghanistan and southeastern Iran, one of the driest regions in the world and an area subjected to prolonged droughts. Its watershed is a system of rivers flowing from the highlands of Afghanistan into freshwater lakes and marshes and then to its ultimate destination: Afghanistan's saline Godzareh depression, part of the extensive Sistan terminal basin. The Helmand River drains the basin's largest watershed, fed mainly by snowmelt from the mountains of Hindu Kush, but other rivers contribute also.
A basalt hill, known as Mount Khajeh, rises beside the lakes and marshes of the basin.
The lowest part of the Sistan Basin contains a series of shallow lakes, known as hamuns. It appears that in the past there was a single Hamun Lake, but there are now three separate lakes. From north to south the lakes are:
The Hamun-e Puzak lies mostly in Afghanistan. It receives water from the Shelah Charkh channel of the Helmand River, and also from the Khash River and other small rivers.
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Skardu
Skardu (Urdu: سکردو, Balti: སྐརདུ་་ from Tibetan (Balti): skar rdo སྐར་རྡོ་ - "star stone, meteorite"), is the main town of the region Baltistan and the capital of Skardu District, one of the districts making up Pakistan's Gilgit–Baltistan.
Skardu is located in the 10 km wide by 40 km long Skardu Valley, at the confluence of the Indus river (flowing from near Kailash in Tibet and through neighbouring Ladakh before reaching Baltistan) and the Shigar River. Skardu is situated at an altitude of nearly 2,500 m (8,200 ft). The town is surrounded by grey-brown coloured mountains, which hide the 8,000 metre peaks of the nearby Karakoram range.
Skardu, along with Gilgit, are the two major tourism, trekking and expedition hubs in Gilgit–Baltistan. The mountainous terrain of the region, including four of the world's fourteen Eight-thousander peaks (8,000 m and above), attracts the attention of tourists, trekkers and mountaineers from around the world. The main tourist season is from April to October; outside this time, the area can be cut off for extended periods by the snowy, freezing winter weather.
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Spain
Spain (i/ˈspeɪn/ SPAYN; Spanish: España, pronounced: [esˈpaɲa] ( listen)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España), is a sovereign state and a member of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar; to the north and north east by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal.
Spanish territory also includes the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean, the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean off the African coast, and two autonomous cities in North Africa, Ceuta and Melilla, that border Morocco. Furthermore, the town of Llívia is a Spanish exclave situated inside French territory. With an area of 504,030 square kilometres (194,610 sq mi), it is the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union after France, and the fourth largest country in Europe after Russia, Ukraine and France.
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Sukkur
Sukkur, or Sakharu (Urdu: سکھر [səkʰəru], Sindhi: سکر), formerly Aror (Urdu: اروڑ [əroːɽ]) and Bakar, is the third largest city of Sindh province, situated on the west bank of Indus River in Pakistan in Sukkur District. However, the word Sakharu in Sindhi means "superior", which the spelling of the city's name in Sindhi suggests is the origin of the name. Sukkur is nicknamed Darya Dino (درياءَ ڏنو, meaning the gift of river), as without the Indus the city would be a desert. People of Sukkur speak Sindhi (72%), Urdu (15.5%), Punjabi (4%), Pashto (1.5%), Balochi (1%), and others 1%.[citation needed]
The city of Sukkur, as well as being district headquarters, is the capital of Sukkur Talukas and contains many Union council.
The district of Sukkur (whose name is derived from its head quarter Sukkur city) covers an area of 5,165 square kilometres. Geographically it is spanned from 27°05' to 28°02' north latitudes and from 68°47' to 69°43' east longitudes. The city of Sukkur is located at an altitude of 220 feet (67 m) from sea level, having terrestrial coordinates 68°52' east and 27°42' north. It is also the narrowest point of the lower Indus course.[citation needed]
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Tandlianwala
Tandlianwalais a town in Punjab, Pakistan, it is located 48 km from the city of Faisalabad and 50 km from Okara. It is a sub-division of Faisalabad District and has a Tehsil municipal administration (TMA). The population of the city was estimated 50,000 in 2010. It has three high schools and two colleges for boys and girls. There is a district hospital and a garden known as Bilal Shaheed Park. The park was named after Captain Bilal Shaheed of this city, who fought during 1971 India-Pakistan war and was decorated with Sitara-e-Jurrat, a Pakistan Military award. Before the partition of India and Pakistan the city was a food supply for villages and nearby areas in fact the old name of the city was Tandla Mandi (Tandla Market). In the center of the city there is a square "Mahi Chowk" which is named after a famous Sweet Shop "Mahi Sweet House" and its sweet go into other cities in the region. Famous castes of this region are: Malik, Watto, Balouch, Gujjar, Sheikh, Rawal, Rajpoot, Butt, Bhuttey, Mughal, shah, Syed, Toor, Sunapl, Hundlana Sial, Kharal, Khichi and many others. There is a grave of a famous saint, Pir Rustam Ali Shah and Pir Qandhari Baba noor shah 610 Tandlianwala is prominent with its two Sugar Mills known as Channar Sugar Mills and Tandlianwala Sugar Mills. Sports: Tandlianwala has a lot of potential in sports like Cricket, Football, Volley Ball. Sharjah Cricket Club & Wish Cricket stars are registered Cricket clubs in city, one sport Complex is under construction
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Tandlianwala Tehsil
Tandlianwala (Urdu, Punjabi: تحصیل تاندلیانوالہ) is a subdivision (tehsil) of Faisalabad District in the Punjab province of Pakistan.
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Taxila
Taxila (Urdu: ٹیکسلا) is a Tehsil in the Rawalpindi District of Punjab province of Pakistan. It is an important archaeological site. Taxila is situated about 32 km (20 mi) northwest of Islamabad Capital Territory and Rawalpindi in Panjab; just off the Grand Trunk Road. Taxila lies 549 metres (1,801 ft) above sea level.
The city dates back to the Gandhara period and contains the ruins of the Gandhāran city of Takṣaśilā which was an important Hindu and Buddhist centre, and is still considered a place of religious and historical sanctity in those traditions. In 1980, Taxila was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site with multiple locations. In 2006 it was ranked as the top tourist destination in Pakistan by The Guardian newspaper.
Scattered references in later works indicate that Takshashila may have dated back to at least the 5th century BCE. Takṣaśilā is reputed to derive its name from Takṣa, who was the son of Bharata, the brother of Rama, and Mandavi. Legend has it that Takṣa ruled a kingdom called Takṣa Khanda, and founded the city of Takṣaśilā. According to another theory propounded by Damodar Dharmanand Kosambi, Takṣaśilā is related to Takṣaka, Sanskrit for "carpenter", and is an alternative name for the Nāgas of ancient India.
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Thatta
Coordinates: 24°44′46.02″N 67°55′27.61″E / 24.7461167°N 67.9243361°E / 24.7461167; 67.9243361
Thatta (Sindhi: ٺٽو, Urdu: ٹھٹہ) is a historic town of 220,000 inhabitants in the Sindh province of Pakistan, near Lake Keenjhar, the largest freshwater lake in the country. Thatta's major monument, the necropolis at Makli is listed among the World Heritage Sites. The Shah Jahan Mosque, Thatta is also mentioned separately on the tentative list since 1993. Located 62 miles (98 kilometeres) east of the provincial capital of Sindh; Karachi, it makes for a practical escape for people from the city seeking to visit the picturesque old town.
The city, formerly commanding the delta of the Indus, was the capital of Lower Sindh from the 14th century onwards. During the ruling period of the Soomro Tribe Thatta was the capital of Sindh for 95 years. Between 1592-1739, it was governed in the name of the Mughal emperors of Delhi. In 1739 however, following the Battle of Karnal, the province was ceded to Nadir Shah of Persia, after which Thatta fell into neglect as the Indus river started to silt up. In the 17th Century, the Dutch East India Company had a small tradingpost (comptoir) in Thatta.
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Toba Tek Singh
Toba Tek Singh (Punjabi(Shahmukhi)/Urdu: ٹوبہ ٹیک سنگھ) is a city and tehsil of Toba Tek Singh District in the Pakistani province of Punjab.
During British rule Toba Tek Singh was a tehsil of Lyallpur District. The population of the town in 1998 was 2549000
Toba Tek Singh originates its name from a Sikh Saint, Tek Singh. Tek Singh helped travellers by providing them shelter and food, regardless of their race or religion. In Punjabi, "Toba" means 'pond of water.' Much controversy has centered around the name of the city,[citation needed] due to the fact that it is an overwhelmingly Muslim city named after a Sikh Saint - but there have been no changes uptil now.[citation needed]
Toba Tek Singh has several institutions of higher education including:
Accountancy Institutes
Punjabi is the most spoken language. There is big and old religious school(madrassa)Jamia Darululoom Rabbania.It is working since 1940 It belongs to deobandi school of thought[citation needed].
Sadat Hasan Manto, an Urdu Novelist wrote a short story entitled "Toba Tek Singh" which is a satire on Partition; in the story, an inmate in an asylum frets over the question of whether his home town Toba Tek Singh is now in India or Pakistan. It was adapted into a short movie of the same name directed by Afia Nathaniel in 2005.
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United Arab Emirates
The United Arab Emiratesi/juːˌnaɪtɨd ˌærəb ˈɛmɪrɨts/ (Arabic: دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة, Al Imārāt al ‘Arabīyah al Muttaḥidah), sometimes simply called the Emirates or the UAE, is a country situated in the southeast of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia on the Persian Gulf, bordering Oman to the east and Saudi Arabia to the south, as well as sharing sea borders with Qatar to the west and Iran to the north.
The UAE is a federation of seven emirates (equivalent to principalities), each governed by a hereditary emir, with a single national president. The constituent emirates are Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras al-Khaimah, Sharjah, and Umm al-Quwain. The capital is Abu Dhabi, which is also the state's center of political, industrial, and cultural activities.
Prior to independence in 1971, the UAE was known as the Trucial States or Trucial Oman, in reference to a 19th-century truce between the local sheikhs, hereditary rulers of the territories, and the United Kingdom. The term Pirate Coast was also used by some to refer to the emirates from the 18th to the early 20th century, owing to the preponderance of pirates operating from Emirati ports.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea.
The United Kingdom is a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system, with its seat of government in the capital city of London. It is a country in its own right and consists of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. There are three devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in Belfast, Edinburgh and Cardiff, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Associated with the UK, but not constitutionally part of it, are three Crown Dependencies. The United Kingdom has fourteen overseas territories. These are remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in 1922, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land surface and was the largest empire in history. British influence can still be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former territories.
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United States
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
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Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh /ˌʌtər prəˈdɛʃ/, abbreviation U.P. ("Northern Province"; formerly: United Provinces), is a state located in the north western part of India. With a population of over 200 million people, it is India's most populous state, as well as the world's most populous sub-national entity. Were it a nation in its own right, Uttar Pradesh would be the world's fifth most populous country, ahead of Brazil (a country thirty-five times larger in territorial area than Uttar Pradesh). On 9 November 2000, the Himalayan portion of the state, comprising the Garhwal and Kumaon divisions and Haridwar district, was formed into a new state 'Uttaranchal', now called Uttarakhand, meaning the 'Northern Segment' state.
Uttar Pradesh is the second largest state-economy in India, with a GDP of $103.5 billion in 2009. The annual per capita GDP of the state was $1586 in 2009, on purchasing power parity basis. It contributed 8.34% to India's total GDP in the financial year 2010. Agriculture is a significant part of UP's economy. The state was India's sixth largest producer of fruits, and became the largest producer of vegetables in 2010. With an area of 93,933 sq mi (243,290 km2), Uttar Pradesh covers a large part of the highly fertile and densely populated upper Gangetic plain. It shares an international border with Nepal to the north. Other states along Uttar Pradesh's border include Uttarakhand, Haryana and Delhi to the north and northwest; Rajasthan on the west; Madhya Pradesh on the south; Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand on the south east; and Bihar on the east.
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Wazirabad
Wazirabad (Punjabi, Urdu: وزیر آباد) is an industrial city located in Gujranwala District, Punjab, Pakistan. Wazirabad is situated on the banks of the Chenab River nearly 100 kilometres north of Lahore on the Grand Trunk Road. It is 45 kilometres from Sialkot, 30 kilometres from the district capital - Gujranwala and about 12 kilometres from Gujrat. The city of Wazirabad is the headquarters of Wazirabad Tehsil, an administrative subdivision of the district, the city is itself subdivided into 5 Union Councils. Wazirabad City is located near the south banks of the Chenab River where the picturesque Nala Palkhu, a snow stream from the Himalayas joins to this big river.
Wazirabad, literally the city of the Wazir, was first settled in 1542 CE.[citation needed] In 1636 CE Wazir Hakim Illmmudiddin, an amir of Shah Jahan constructed the first ever residential building of Wazirabad namely Musaman Burj on the bank of Palkhu Nala. During the reign of Emperor Aurangzeb another building namely Shesh Mahal at the east of Musaman Burj was built during 1705 CE.
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Wuhan
Wuhan (simplified Chinese: 武汉; traditional Chinese: 武漢; pinyin: Wǔhàn [wùxân] ( listen)) is the capital of Hubei province, People's Republic of China, and is the most populous city in Central China. It lies at the east of the Jianghan Plain, and the intersection of the middle reaches of the Yangtze and Han rivers. Arising out of the conglomeration of three districts, Wuchang, Hankou, and Hanyang, Wuhan is known as "the nine provinces' leading thoroughfare"; it is a major transportation hub, with dozens of railways, roads and expressways passing through the city. Because of its key role in domestic transportation, Wuhan was sometimes referred to as the "Chicago of China." It is recognized as the political, economic, financial, cultural, educational and transportation center of central China. The city of Wuhan, first termed as such in 1927, has a population of 10,020,000 people (Census 2011), with about 6,434,373 residents in its urban area. In the 1920s, Wuhan was the national capital of a leftist Kuomintang (KMT) government led by Wang Jingwei in opposition to Chiang Kai-shek, as well as wartime capital in 1937.
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Ziarat
Ziarat (Urdu: زیارت) is the capital of Ziarat District, Balochistan, Pakistan. It is located at 30°22'47N 67°43'38E with an altitude of 2543 metres (8346 ft) and is a famous holiday resort of Balochistan and nearly every trip from Karachi to Quetta stops at Ziarat. Ziarat (literally ziarat is an Islamic shrine) was the summer residence of the chief commissioner of Baluchistan, and sanatorium for the European troops at Quetta: 8,850 ft (2,700 m). above the sea and 33 m. by cart-road from the railway. There is a good water supply, and the hills around are well-wooded and picturesque.
Ziarat is also very famous for its juniper forest. Junipers species Juniperus macropoda , Juniperous exceisa polycarpus or Pashthani Juniper are found in Ziarat districts and Zarghoon mount and some other mounted areas of Balochistan known as the second largest Juniper forest in the world, which covers an area of about 247,000 acres (1,000 km2). There are many important species found in this ecosystem including animal and birds, the Chakor partridge, bushes and ground flora which local people use these plants as indigenous treatments for a variety of diseases.The junipers are considered to be the real treasure of Ziarat. There are trees in the valley which are more than 5000 to 7000 years old. In Ziarat a herb called Ephedra sinica is found in abundance from which a chemical called ephedrine is extracted, an important constituent of various medicines, especially cough syrups. When the snow falls in Ziarat's winter the juniper valley is at its most beautiful.Chiltan Adventurers Association Balochistan is raising voice on National & International level as Juniper Defenders for the conservation of this world heritage since 1984.[citation needed]
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Gandhara
Gandhāra (Sanskrit: गन्धार Gandḥārā, Urdu: گندھارا Ghandhāra, Pashto: ګندارا, Punjabi: گندھارا, Persian: ویهیند) is the name of an ancient kingdom (Mahajanapada), located in modern day northern Pakistan and parts of eastern Afghanistan. Gandhara was located mainly in the vale of Peshawar, the Potohar plateau (see Taxila) and on the Kabul River. Its main cities were Purushapura (modern Peshawar), literally meaning "City of Man", Varmayana (modern Bamyan) and Takshashila (modern Taxila).
The Kingdom of Gandhara lasted from the early 1st millennium BC to the 11th century AD. It attained its height from the 1st century to the 5th century under the Buddhist Kushan Kings. The Hindu term Shahi is used by history writer Al-Biruni to refer to the ruling Hindu dynasty that took over from the Turki Shahi and ruled the region during the period prior to Muslim conquests of the 10th and 11th centuries. After it was conquered by Mahmud of Ghazni in 1021 CE, the name Gandhara disappeared. During the Muslim period the area was administered from Lahore or from Kabul. During Mughal times the area was part of Kabul province.
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List of Pakistanis
Pakistan is the sixth most populous nation in the world. Below is a list of such famous people who belong or relate in some way to this nation. See Category:Pakistani people for an alphabetical list of Pakistanis with categories.
khurram azhar bhatti
Main article(s): List of Pakistani writers, List of Urdu poets.
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Mian Muhammad Mansha
Mian Muhammad Mansha (Urdu: میاں محمد منشاء) is a prominent Pakistani industrialist and landowner who is officially the richest man in the country and is the first Pakistani to be featured on the Forbes list of billionaires.
Mian Muhammad Mansha was born in Rawalpindi to a wealthy Chinioti family, his privileged upbringing allowed him to enjoy an early business education at an elite university. His childhood was spent in Faisalabad from where he also started his career as one of the most prominent industrialist of Pakistan. His textile mill in Faisalabad under the name of Nishat Mills still is one of the biggest textile units in Faisalabad. He formally joined the family business after completing his studies in London. . Apart from these large acquisitions, he was simultaneously expanding his Nishat Textiles segment, Nishat Textiles is Pakistan's largest fabric mill.
But all these achievements,to power on November 6, 1990, he invited bids for the privatization of Muslim Commercial Bank (MCB) on 15 December 1990 and subsequently announced its privatization to successful bidder: Messrs Abdullah & Co on 9 January 1991.
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Mound
A mound is a general term for an artificial heaped pile of earth, gravel, sand, rocks, or debris. The most common use is in reference to natural earthen formation such as hills and mountains, particularly if they appear artificial. The term may also be applied to any rounded area of topographically higher elevation on any surface. Artificial mounds have been created for a variety of reasons throughout history, including ceremonial (platform mound), burial (tumulus), and commemorative purposes (e.g. Kościuszko Mound).
In the archaeology of the United States and Canada, the term "mound" has specific and technical connotations. In this sense, a mound is a deliberately constructed elevated earthen structure or earthwork, intended for a range of potential uses. In European and Asian archaeology, the word "tumulus" may be used as a synonym for an artificial hill, particularly if the hill is related to particular burial customs.
While the term "mound" may be applied to historic constructions, most mounds in the United States are prehistoric earthworks, built by Native American peoples. Native Americans built a variety of mounds, including flat-topped pyramids or cones known as platform mounds, rounded cones, and ridge or loaf-shaped mounds. Some mounds took on unusual shapes, such as the outline of cosmologically significant animals. These are known as effigy mounds. Some mounds, such as a few in Wisconsin, have rock formations, or petroforms within them, on them, or near them.
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Muhammad
Muhammad (c. 26 April 570 – 8 June 632; also transliterated as Mohammad, Mohammed, or Muhammed; Arabic: محمد), full name: Muhammad Ibn `Abd Allāh Ibn `Abd al-Muttalib (Arabic: محمد بن عبدالله بن عبد المطلب ) was a leader from Mecca who unified the tribes of Arabia into a single religious polity under Islam. He is believed by Muslims and Bahá'ís to be a messenger and prophet of God. Muslims believe that Islam was not his own invention but was revealed by God, and most consider him to be the last prophet of God Muslims thus consider him the restorer of an uncorrupted original monotheistic faith (islām) of Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus and other prophets.
Born in 570 CE in the Arabian city of Mecca, he was orphaned at an early age and brought up under the care of his uncle Abu Talib. He later worked mostly as a merchant, as well as a shepherd, and was first married by age 25. Being in the habit of periodically retreating to a cave in the surrounding mountains for several nights of meditation and prayer, he later reported that it was there, at age 40, that he received his first revelation from God. Three years after this event Muhammad started preaching these revelations publicly, proclaiming that "God is One", that complete "surrender" to Him (lit. islām) is the only way (dīn) acceptable to God, and that he himself was a prophet and messenger of God, in the same vein as other Islamic prophets.
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Muhammad bin Qasim
Muhammad bin Qasim Al-Thaqafi (Arabic: محمد بن قاسم) (c. 31 December 695–18 July 715) was a Umayyad general who, at the age of 17, began the conquest of the Sindh and Punjab regions along the Indus River (now a part of Pakistan) for the Umayyad Caliphate. He was born & raised in the city of Taif (in modern day Saudi Arabia). Qasim's conquest of Sindh and Punjab laid the foundations of Islamic rule in the Indian subcontinent.
A member of the Thaqeef tribe, which is still settled in and around the city of Taif ( a city in modern day Saudi Arabia) to this very day, Muhammad bin Qasim's father was Qasim bin Yusuf[citation needed] who died when Muhammad bin Qasim was young, leaving his mother in charge of his education. Umayyad governor Al-Hajjaj Ibn Yusuf Al-Thaqafi, Muhammad bin Qasim's paternal uncle, was instrumental in teaching Muhammad bin Qasim about warfare and governance. Muhammad bin Qasim married his cousin Zubaidah, Hajjaj's daughter, shortly before going to Sindh. Another paternal uncle of Muhammad bin Qasim was Muhammad bin Yusuf, governor of Yemen.[citation needed] Under Hajjaj's patronage, Muhammad bin Qasim was made governor of Persia, where he succeeded in putting down a rebellion.[citation needed]
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Saka
The Saka (Old Persian Sakā, Latinized Sacae; Greek Σάκαι; Sanskrit शक [śaka]; Chinese 塞; Old Chinese *sək) were a Scythian tribe or group of tribes of Iranian origin.
Greek and Latin texts suggest that the term Scythians referred to a much more widespread grouping of Central Asian peoples.
Accounts[which?] of the Indo-Scythian wars often assume that the Scythian protagonists were a single tribe called the Saka (Sakai or Sakas).[original research?] But in earlier Greek and Latin texts the term Scythians referred to a much more widespread grouping of Central Asian peoples.
"Scythia" was a generic term loosely applied to a vast area of Central Asia spanning numerous groups and diverse ethnicities. Ptolemy writes that Skuthia was not only "within the Imaos" (the Himalayas) and "beyond the Imaos" (north of the Himalayas), but also speaks of a separate "land of the Sakais" within Scythia.[original research?] He also notes that the Komedes inhabited "the entire mountainous land of the Sakas".[citation needed]
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Vedic period
The Vedic period (or Vedic age) was a period in history during which the Vedas, the oldest scriptures of Hinduism, were composed. The time span of the period is uncertain. Philological and linguistic evidence indicates that the Rigveda, the oldest of the Vedas, was composed roughly between 1700–1100 BCE, also referred to as the early Vedic period. The end of the period is commonly estimated to have occurred about 500 BCE, and 150 BCE has been suggested as a terminus ante quem for all Vedic Sanskrit literature.
Transmission of texts in the Vedic period was by oral tradition alone, and a literary tradition set in only in post-Vedic times. Despite the difficulties in dating the period, the Vedas can safely be assumed to be several thousands of years old. The associated culture, sometimes referred to as Vedic civilization, was probably centred early on in the northern and northwestern parts of the Indian subcontinent, but has now spread and constitutes the basis of contemporary Indian culture.
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Faisalabad Pakistan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:39
- Updated: 01 Jan 2013
(The singer is Shafqat Ali Khan) Faisalabad is a city in the province of Punjab, Pakistan. It was formerly known as Lyallpur. Faisalabad is the third largest city in Pakistan after Karachi and Lahore. Before the foundation of the city in 1880, the area was very thinly populated. The population has risen from 9171 in 1901 to 179000 in 1951 and to 2009000 in 1998. The larger Faisalabad district had a population of about 5.4 million in 1998. Faisalabad was once part of ancient district of Jhang and Sandalbar, a 50 square kilometres (19 sq mi) part mainly consisted of thick forests and wild tribes. The tract from Shahdara to Shorekot, Sangla Hill to Toba Tek Singh, was traditionally called Sandalbar.
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(The singer is Shafqat Ali Khan) Faisalabad is a city in the province of Punjab, Pakistan. It was formerly known as Lyallpur. Faisalabad is the third largest city in Pakistan after Karachi and Lahore. Before the foundation of the city in 1880, the area was very thinly populated. The population has risen from 9171 in 1901 to 179000 in 1951 and to 2009000 in 1998. The larger Faisalabad district had a population of about 5.4 million in 1998. Faisalabad was once part of ancient district of Jhang and Sandalbar, a 50 square kilometres (19 sq mi) part mainly consisted of thick forests and wild tribes. The tract from Shahdara to Shorekot, Sangla Hill to Toba Tek Singh, was traditionally called Sandalbar.
*CITY FAISALABAD* PAKISTAN 2012 NEW
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:24
- Updated: 02 Jan 2013
Chudhry Ismail {city college Nazimabad} if u watch this video try to contact me. or any body know him please help me to find him. last I know he was working in wapda. his son name is Rashid.
http://wn.com/*CITY_FAISALABAD*_PAKISTAN_2012_NEW
Chudhry Ismail {city college Nazimabad} if u watch this video try to contact me. or any body know him please help me to find him. last I know he was working in wapda. his son name is Rashid.
- published: 18 Feb 2012
- views: 10790
- author: sidiki34
Faisalabad snake woman
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:58
- Updated: 28 Dec 2012
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Imran Khan Speech at Faisalabad Rayli Loadshedding Protest - Imran Khan Rayli in Faisalabad 27/6/12
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:05
- Updated: 20 Oct 2012
www.cricgossip.com - Imran Khan Rayli In Faisalabad 27 June 2012 Please Like us on Facebook www.facebook.com
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www.cricgossip.com - Imran Khan Rayli In Faisalabad 27 June 2012 Please Like us on Facebook www.facebook.com
- published: 27 Jun 2012
- views: 5500
- author: PKTvOfficial
faisalabad
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:27
- Updated: 06 Jun 2012
taxi ride....................from faisalabad city to Nadirkahn wali
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taxi ride....................from faisalabad city to Nadirkahn wali
- published: 31 Aug 2009
- views: 45988
- author: asianyorkshire
Maut Kaa Manzar - Maulana Tariq Jameel(DB) Faisalabad 2009-7.flv
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:02
- Updated: 01 Jan 2013
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Jalsa Gareeb-ul-Ghurba 21 Oct 2011 Faisalabad (Molana Asif Raza Alvi) Allama Ghazanfar Gondal P1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 44:55
- Updated: 29 Jul 2012
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Imran khan Speech at Faisalabad Protest
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- Duration: 4:05
- Updated: 03 Aug 2012
Watch Pakistani Video News on ZemTv.com
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Watch Pakistani Video News on ZemTv.com
- published: 27 Jun 2012
- views: 20433
- author: khudaaurmohabbat1
Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan at home in Faisalabad 1989
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- Duration: 16:21
- Updated: 28 Dec 2012
Excerpt from a french documentary made in 1989 on sufi music of Punjab, Pakistan.
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Excerpt from a french documentary made in 1989 on sufi music of Punjab, Pakistan.
- published: 25 Apr 2011
- views: 81984
- author: Igor Kovács
The Agricultural University of Faisalabad celebrates Golden Jubilee
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- Duration: 2:16
- Updated: 20 Mar 2012
The Agricultural University of Faisalabad has crossed the 50 year mark. This respected University commemorated its golden jubilee by holding cultural celebrations.
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The Agricultural University of Faisalabad has crossed the 50 year mark. This respected University commemorated its golden jubilee by holding cultural celebrations.
- published: 15 Mar 2011
- views: 17334
- author: theexpresstribune
Junaid Jamshed Dawat to The Medical Student Faisalabad 1-6
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- Duration: 10:01
- Updated: 22 Apr 2012
An Effective and Beautiful Session of Dawat by Junaid Jamshed to The Medical Students in Faisalabad.
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An Effective and Beautiful Session of Dawat by Junaid Jamshed to The Medical Students in Faisalabad.
- published: 10 Apr 2011
- views: 9262
- author: Hassan Bin Waheed
Mola Maaf Karin Miracle Mojza In Faisalabad,Pakistan By Naman Shah G
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- Duration: 5:58
- Updated: 20 Dec 2012
Miracle in Faisalabad,Pakistan, Ya Allah swt....Ya Muhummad sawws....Ya Ali as...
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Miracle in Faisalabad,Pakistan, Ya Allah swt....Ya Muhummad sawws....Ya Ali as...
- published: 30 Dec 2010
- views: 257144
- author: ali84uk
Chairman PTI Imran Khan addressing at Faisalabad Dhobi Ghaat Ground 24 July 2011
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- Duration: 25:52
- Updated: 03 Dec 2012
Chairman Pakistan Tehreek e Insaf Imran Khan addressing at Faisalabad Dhobi Ghaat Ground 24 July 2011
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Chairman Pakistan Tehreek e Insaf Imran Khan addressing at Faisalabad Dhobi Ghaat Ground 24 July 2011
- published: 29 Jul 2011
- views: 47962
- author: Atta ur Rahman
Faisalabad Mai Phone Pe Tung Krne Walay Mard Ki Aurat Se Peetai.!!.....Watch And Share
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- Duration: 1:16
- Updated: 13 Dec 2012
Faisalabad Mai Phone Pe Tung Krne Walay Mard Ki Aurat Se Peetai.!!.....Watch And Share gmeetg.com
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Faisalabad Mai Phone Pe Tung Krne Walay Mard Ki Aurat Se Peetai.!!.....Watch And Share gmeetg.com
- published: 18 Sep 2011
- views: 79861
- author: CrazeClub
faisalabad Girl
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- Duration: 2:21
- Updated: 01 Jan 2013
faisalabad girl Song...........
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Aadat, Jal Band Live Concert In Faisalabad Punjab College
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- Duration: 4:06
- Updated: 14 Aug 2012
AADAT REMIX LIVE CONCERT IN FAISALABAD PUNJAB COLLEGE song name Aadat Singer Jal band pakistan location punjab college faisalabad VIDEO CREATED BY RIAZ SHAHID FAISALABAD MORE VIDEO ALI AZMAT LIVE VIDEO CONCERT CHENAB CLUB VISIT www.youtube.com/therockbandpk
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AADAT REMIX LIVE CONCERT IN FAISALABAD PUNJAB COLLEGE song name Aadat Singer Jal band pakistan location punjab college faisalabad VIDEO CREATED BY RIAZ SHAHID FAISALABAD MORE VIDEO ALI AZMAT LIVE VIDEO CONCERT CHENAB CLUB VISIT www.youtube.com/therockbandpk
- published: 27 Nov 2010
- views: 13226
- author: therockbandpk
Sabar Sardar From FAISALABAD at Salana Mehfil Urs Paak Hazrat Mohammad Shareef Khaleeq (RA) 2011
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- Duration: 42:40
- Updated: 29 Dec 2012
Sabar Sardar From FAISALABAD at Salana Mehfil Urs Paak Hazrat Mohammad Shareef Khaleeq (RA) 2011 AT Dargah shareef burewala under the supervision of Peer Saeen Jee "Mohammad Aarif Khaleequi Naqshbandi" and Qibla Saeen jee Sufi Nisar Ahamed Dogar Khaleequi Naqshbandi.
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Sabar Sardar From FAISALABAD at Salana Mehfil Urs Paak Hazrat Mohammad Shareef Khaleeq (RA) 2011 AT Dargah shareef burewala under the supervision of Peer Saeen Jee "Mohammad Aarif Khaleequi Naqshbandi" and Qibla Saeen jee Sufi Nisar Ahamed Dogar Khaleequi Naqshbandi.
- published: 06 May 2011
- views: 9589
- author: salmankhaleequi
GC University Faisalabad Corruption Scandal.flv
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:49
- Updated: 17 Sep 2012
Edit By: Naveed Hussain Report By: Ali Husnain
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Edit By: Naveed Hussain Report By: Ali Husnain
- published: 02 Nov 2010
- views: 60877
- author: Naveed Hussain
Allah Muhammad Name on Tree - Miracle in Faisalabad - TheAllahsMiracles.com
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:12
- Updated: 26 Dec 2012
For more Islamic stuff, please visit - www.TheAllahsMiracles.com
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For more Islamic stuff, please visit - www.TheAllahsMiracles.com
- published: 24 Dec 2010
- views: 57357
- author: waseembari1985
Mola Maaf Karin Miracle (Mojza) In Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:58
- Updated: 06 Oct 2012
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12 rabi ul awal in faisalabad 2011 (Sohna Aya te Saj gaye galian Bazar ).flv
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:15
- Updated: 01 Jan 2013
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University of Agriculture Faisalabad(UAF)
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- Duration: 5:30
- Updated: 20 Nov 2012
Agricultural and Resource Economics 2nd Batch. University of Agriculture Faisalabad.
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Agricultural and Resource Economics 2nd Batch. University of Agriculture Faisalabad.
- published: 14 Aug 2010
- views: 4621
- author: Mazhar Ali
Bait Bazi university of agriculture faisalabad
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:46
- Updated: 18 Dec 2012
tariq Aziz show
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photo: AP / Ng Han Guan
02 Jan 2013
SEOUL -- In a domestically televised New Year's Day speech, North Korean supreme leader Kim Jong Un said he wanted to "remove confrontation" on this divided peninsula and called on "anti-reunification forces" in South Korea to cease their hostility toward the North. The lengthy address, which laid out the national goals for 2013, marked Mr ... Mr. Kim on Tuesday asked for a detente -- but with prerequisites that the conservative Ms ... ....(size: 3.2Kb)
photo: AP / Emanuel Ekra
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INZA BAKAYOKO. Associated Press= ABIDJAN, Ivory Coast (AP) — A crowd stampeded after leaving a New Year's fireworks show early Tuesday in Ivory Coast's commercial center, killing 61 people — many of them youths — and injuring more than 200, rescue workers said. The death toll was expected to rise, the officials said ... Issa Sako of the fire department rescue team.....(size: 8.1Kb)
photo: AP / John MacDougall
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Chancellor Angela Merkel has warned that the German economic climate in 2013 will be "even more difficult". In her new year message, she also cautioned that the eurozone debt crisis was far from over. However, she did say that reforms designed to address the roots of the problem were beginning to bear fruit ... In a taped interview to be broadcast later on Monday, Mrs Merkel urged Germans to be more patient ... Voters 'wary' ... ....(size: 2.3Kb)
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Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. For good reason Mark Charles, a member of the Navajo Nation, is deeply offended that buried on page 45 of the 2010 Defense Appropriation Act (after pages on the maintenance and operation of the United States Military) is an "official" apology to Native American People ... political leaders and officials find it extremely difficult in expressing remorse for past mistakes ... Escorted by the U.S....(size: 5.6Kb)
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The United Nations has estimated that more than 60,000 people have been killed in Syria's 21-month-old uprising against authoritarian rule, a toll one-third higher than what anti-regime activists had counted. The UN human rights chief called the toll "truly shocking". Opposition activist groups had been estimating the death toll at more than 45,000 and this was the first time that the UN estimate was higher ... 30, 2012 ... - AP. ....(size: 6.3Kb)
The Telegraph India
02 Jan 2013
noodls
31 Dec 2012
FAISALABAD, December 31 ... Mahboob Ahmed, Joint Registrar, Faisalabad CRO, while speaking to a seminar on 'Corporatization with practical aspects of e-filing'. The seminar was held in collaboration with the Institute of Cost and Management Accountants of Pakistan (ICMAP) Faisalabad ... Ashfaq Ahmad Naz, chairman, ICMAP Faisalabad branch, appreciated the ......(size: 3.0Kb)
Deccan Herald
31 Dec 2012
Sadiq Mohammad story ... The tales, ranging from facing the fearsome fast bowlers to him becoming the first batsman to wear a helmet, made for absorbing listening ... Helmet tale ... When I came out with the bat, everyone said ‘give him a bike as well!’ It was a very funny type of helmet,” he reminisced while pointing out the incident when Kapil (Dev) hit him on the helmet in the Faisalabad Test in the 1978-79 series ... ....(size: 3.3Kb)
The Times of India
29 Dec 2012
Just as the absence of heat makes us feel cold, the absence of controversies in his resume make Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar the coolest of all Indian icons ... His greatness as a batsman lies not in having made more runs than anyone else, but the process he adopted ... PRISONER OF FAME ... His teammates recall that a young Sachin was so worried about his bat not arriving in time that he was found sleepwalking at the team hotel in Faisalabad in 1989....(size: 8.3Kb)
Newstrack India
25 Dec 2012
DNA India
25 Dec 2012
The attack took place in Faisalabad city Monday ... Faiz had been allegedly threatening the woman since then ... ....(size: 0.7Kb)
Newstrack India
25 Dec 2012
The Siasat Daily
25 Dec 2012
Islamabad, December 25.. A Pakistani man allegedly cut off the nose of his ex-wife in Faisalabad, to take revenge for divorcing him. Sajida Bibi, who is under treatment in Allied Hospital, said she had married Faiz Rasool four years back and divorced him a year ago due to his addiction to drugs, reports The News ... (ANI). Recommend Twitter. Comments(0) ... Latest News....(size: 2.2Kb)
The Times of India
22 Dec 2012
LUDHIANA ... A technical session of "India-Pak Trade ... Iqrar Ahmad Khan, vice chancellor of University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan said there exists a developed market on both sides which offer great potential for exports, especially for fruits and vegetables like mango, kinnow and tomatoes, among others ... ....(size: 1.6Kb)
Indian Express
21 Dec 2012
Referring to the first PAU-released virus-resistant cotton hybrid in the world LHH 144, Dr Iqrar Ahmad Khan, Vice-Chancellor, University of Agriculture (UAF), Faisalabad, hailed the achievement of the university and said that this is something appreciable as in Pakistan nobody to date has claimed that the cotton variety is resistant to leaf curl virus ... contd. PAGE. 12 . Single Page Format ....(size: 1.9Kb)
The Daily Telegraph Australia
18 Dec 2012
... Rod Marsh bowled 10 overs against Pakistan in Faisalabad in 1980 and another two overs in the penultimate match of his career - the 1984 Boxing Day Test at the MCG. Recommended Coverage. VOTE. Can anyone captain Australia?. VOTE NOW ... ....(size: 1.7Kb)
Khaleej Times
18 Dec 2012
ISLAMABAD ' Amid increasing thaw in the frosty relations between Pakistan and India, the two neighbours have confirmed that a new liberal visa regime came into immediate effect instead of the earlier agreed date of January 15, 2013 ... M. Krishna visited Islamabad ... Speaking at a Faisalabad Chamber of Commerce and Industry function, High Commissioner Sharat Sabharwal also spoke about improving trade relations between Pakistan and India....(size: 3.5Kb)
The Daily Telegraph Australia
18 Dec 2012
THE legend of Victorian vegetarian Peter Siddle continues to grow as he bowled Australia to its first victory of the summer in Hobart yesterday ... Recommended Coverage ... Wade handed over the pads and gloves to Phil Hughes as he bowled the last over before tea – only the second Australian keeper ever to bowl in a Test following Rod Marsh (in Faisalabad, where all 11 bowled in 1980 and at the MCG in 1983) ... . ....(size: 4.7Kb)
 |
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2011) |
| Faisalabad فیصل آباد |
|
|---|---|
| — City District — | |
 |
|
 Faisalabad
فیصل آباد |
|
| Coordinates: 31°21′52″N 72°59′40″E / 31.36444°N 72.99444°E / 31.36444; 72.99444 | |
| Country | Pakistan |
| Region | Punjab |
| District | Faisalabad District |
| Autonomous towns | 8 |
| Union councils | 289 |
| Government | |
| • Type | city District |
| • Nazim | Awais Asghar |
| • Naib nazim | |
| Area | |
| • City District | 1,280 km2 (490 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 5,856 km2 (2,261 sq mi) |
| Population (2010)[1] | |
| • City District | 4,177,246 |
| Time zone | PST (UTC+5) |
| • Summer (DST) | PDT (UTC+6) |
| Area code(s) | 041 |
| Website | www.faisalabad.gov.pk |
Faisalabad, (Urdu: فیصل آباد) formerly known as Lyallpur, is the third largest metropolis in Pakistan, the second largest in the province of Punjab after Lahore, and a major industrial center in the heart of Pakistan.
Nicknamed the Manchester of Asia, Faisalabad remains an important industrial city west of Lahore. The city-district of Faisalabad is bound on the north by the districts of Hafizabad and Chiniot, on the east by Nankana Sahib, on the south by Sahiwal, and Toba Tek Singh and on the west by Jhang.
The city is at a road and railway junction, which has played an influential role in the development of Faisalabad's trade and economy. The surrounding countryside, irrigated by the Lower Chenab River, has seen expanded production of cotton, wheat, sugarcane, vegetables, and fruits, which form 55% of Pakistan's exports. The city is an industrial centre with major railway repair yards, engineering works, and mills that process sugar, flour, and oil seed. Produce includes superphosphates, cotton and silk textiles, hosiery, dyes, industrial chemicals, beverages, apparels, pulp and paper, printing, agricultural equipment, and ghee (clarified butter). Faisalabad is the site of the prestigious University of Agriculture, founded in 1909.
Contents |
History[link]
Faisalabad remained a semi-desert area where tribes traveled in gypsy manner. Because of impure ground water and its distance of 30 kilometres (19 mi) from any river (Chenab River in this case), it was never used as permanent residence by roaming tribes.[citation needed]
Faisalabad was originally known as Chenab Colony, then Sandalbar and then Lyallpur. It was once part of ancient district of Jhang and Sandalbar, a 5,000 square kilometres (1,900 sq mi) area consisting mainly of thick forests and inhabited by wild tribes. The tract from Shahdara to Shorkot, Sangla Hill to Toba Tek Singh, was traditionally called Sandalbar.[citation needed]
In 1870s the colonial era Punjab government decided to increase the cultivated land by making barrages and canals to meet the demand at European markets. This led to the canal based irrigation of the areas now comprising the district of Faisalabad. In 1880, a colonial officer, Captain Poham Young, with the support of Sir James Broadwood Lyall, proposed a new town. The design was based on the Union Jack, with eight roads radiating from a large clock tower in the centre. The eight roads developed into eight separate bazaars. The construction of artificial canals allowed the surrounding areas to be irrigated. The town grew rapidly as people were invited with promises of land. A large number of settlers came from different areas of Punjab especially from Ludhiana, Jalandhar and Ambala on the promise of large agricultural lands. With the extensively planned distribution of land the canal irrigated areas of Sandal Bar soon became populated. This led to a rapid transformation of the nomadic environment of the Bar into a more agriculture based one.[citation needed]
In 1892 the government of India decided to join Faisalabad (then Lyallpur) with a rail link to major rail network to transport agricultural surplus to the ports to be shipped to European markets. In 1895 the rail link between Wazirabad and Lyallpur was completed. In 1896, Lyallpur was given the status of a tehsil of the Jhang District, and its administration was carried on in tents on the old Theh (Mound) of Pucca Mari near Tariqabad. The majestic Clock Tower was constructed out of the funds raised by the Sikh landowners, who collected it at a rate of Rs. 18 per square of land. The fund thus raised was handed over to the Town Committee, which undertook to complete the project.[citation needed]
By 1902 the population of the town exceeded 4,000, including the new sialkoti jutts, particularly Bajwas, Kalloos, Cheemas & Chattas came to establish the agriculture land of Chenaab (called Chena bar). Houses and shops had been constructed to cater to the ordinary needs of the population. In 1903 it was decided to establish an agricultural college. In 1904 the new district of Lyallpur was constituted, composed of the tehsils of Lyallpur, Samundri and Toba Tek Singh, with a subtehsil at Jaranwala which later became a full tehsil. By 1906, the district headquarters began to function in Lyallpur and all the bazaars and settlements within the bounds of a ring road were nearing completion. The city began to spread outside the circular road. The Town Committee was upgraded to a Municipal Committee in 1909 and the Deputy Commissioner was appointed as its first chairman. In 1916, the grain market saw its shops surging with customers. In the same year the civil hospital was expanded. With the advent of World War II, there was an increase in political awareness across the city. Revolutionary meetings were held, fiery speeches made, and slogans written on walls.[citation needed]
The First Colonisation officer Raja Aurangzeb Khan made sure that no individual in this district owned more than 25 squares (625 acres (2.53 km2)) of land. The merit or method of allotting the land was to check each individual's hand who was applying for some land, and if the hands showed that individual had worked hard in the past, only then was land given to him, which has led to a district where there aren't any big land owners, as the land has been equally distributed amongst hard working men and it is their hard work that has led to Faisalabad becoming the third richest district in Pakistan.[citation needed]
The main roads in and out of the city were kept 1-acre (4,000 m2) wide; since creation of Pakistan a lot of roads have been taken over by land mafia. Some industrial areas were kept on the East of the main canal which is present-day People's Colony and Madina town. The urban areas were kept to the west of the canal, as sweet ground water flowed from the canal to the river Chenab, the consequence of changing former industrial area into urban areas has been a lack of proper drinkable water for those living in peoples colony and Madina town. Another industrial area was developed at the west end of town, now around the road towards the central Punjab town of Sargodha.
These earlier development of industrial areas led to industrialization of the city of Faisalabad right from its inception. Initial industrial setup were related to cotton and basic textiles, still the most dominant industry of the city with more value added products. Besides textiles food processing, grain crushing and small chemical industry was established in the pre-second World War era.
In 1943, Mohammad Ali Jinnah came to Lyallpur and addressed a gathering of over 2 million in Dhobi Ghat Grounds.
After independence, the city of Lyallpur enjoyed considerable development, and became a major commercial and industrial center. The population grew quickly past one million. There was an expansion of the provision of health and education in the city. In 1977, the name of the city was changed to "Faisalabad" (City of Faisal), in honour of the late King Faisal of Saudi Arabia, who was held in high regard in Pakistan. In 1985, the district was upgraded to a division with the new districts of Faisalabad, Jhang and Toba Tek Singh.
Geography and climate[link]
Main article: Climate of Faisalabad
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Faisalabad stands in the rolling flat plains of northeast Punjab, between longitude 73°74 East, latitude 30°31.5 North, with an elevation of 184 metres (604 ft) above sea level. The city proper covers an area of approximately 1,230 square kilometres (470 sq mi), while the district covers more than 16,000 square kilometres (6,200 sq mi).
There are no natural boundaries between Faisalabad and adjoining districts. The Chenab River flows about 30 km (19 mi) to the north-west while the River Ravi meanders about 40 km (25 mi) south-east of the city. The lower Chenab canal is the main source of irrigation water, which meets the requirements of 80% of cultivated land. The soil of Faisalabad comprises alluvial deposits mixed with loess having calcareous characteristics, making it very fertile.
Due to its high evapotranspiration, Faisalabad features an arid climate. The climate of the district can see extremes, with a summer maximum temperature 50 °C (122 °F) and a winter temperature of −2 °C (28 °F). The mean maximum and minimum temperature in summer are 39 °C (102 °F) and 27 °C (81 °F) respectively. In winter it peaks at around 17 °C (63 °F) and 6 °C (43 °F) respectively. The summer season starts from April and continues until October. May, June and July are the hottest months. The winter season starts from November and continues until March. December, January and February are the coldest months. The average yearly rainfall lies only at about 300 mm (12 in) and is highly seasonal with approximately half of the yearly rainfall in the two months July and August.
| Temperatures (1948–2006) | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Annual |
| Highest maximum (°C) | 19.4 | 22.4 | 27.4 | 34.2 | 39.7 | 41.0 | 37.7 | 36.5 | 36.6 | 33.9 | 28.2 | 22.1 | 31.6 |
| Lowest minimum (°C) | 4.8 | 7.6 | 12.6 | 18.3 | 24.1 | 27.6 | 27.9 | 27.2 | 24.5 | 17.7 | 10.4 | 6.1 | 17.4 |
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Chenab | Chiniot | Sheikhupura | |
| Jhang |  |
Lahore | ||
 Faisalabad East |
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| Gojra | Sahiwal | Okara |
Economy[link]
Main article: Economy of Faisalabad
A PricewaterhouseCoopers study released in 2009, surveying the 2008 GDP of the top cities in the world, calculated Faisalabad's GDP (PPP) at $55 billion. The city was third behind Karachi ($78 billion) and Lahore ($60 billion). Faisalabad's GDP is projected to rise to $87 billion in 2025 at a growth rate of 5.7%, higher than the growth rates of 5.5% and 5.6% predicted for Karachi and Lahore.[2]
Faisalabad has a strong industrial base including textiles, jewellery, home furniture, and pharmaceuticals, assisted by the expanding transport network which includes newly built motorway and highways to Lahore, Multan, Sargodha and Islamabad/Rawalpindi. Faisalabad is one of the three planned cities of the country.[citation needed] The eight bazaars of the city each have different types of markets and goods.
Before Pakistan's independence there were only five industrial units in Faisalabad; now there are numerous textile mills, engineering units and chemical and food processing units. Other industries include hosiery, carpets and rugs, nawar and lace, printing and publishing, and pharmaceutical products. There are also several thousand household industries, including some 60,000 power loom factories. The richest man of Pakistan and the owner of MCB belongs to this city. Local companies include Sitara group, Manno group (Rafhan foods), Crescent group, and Ibrahim group (owner of Allied Bank). Karachi and Faisalabad have the highest population growth rate in Pakistan.[citation needed]
The textile industry of Faisalabad constitutes more than 65% of the textile export market of Pakistan, which itself forms 58% of total exports from Pakistan. This makes Faisalabad’s share of total exports from Pakistan more than 40%.[3]
The district is unparalleled for its agricultural productivity.[citation needed] The area grew in importance as the grain belt of the Punjab during the wake of colonisation. This led to the economic development of towns and villages within the district. Faisalabad's major export crops include the Kharif crops which include maize, rice, sugarcane and bajra as well as the Rabi crops which include wheat, barley, gram and fodder (locally known as barseen). In addition to these, there are Zaid Kharif and Zaid Rabi crops. Zaid Kharif crops are toria, raiya, sarsoon and Zaid Rabi crop is tobacco. The use of tractors is becoming popular and is fast replacing the conventional ploughs. Improved varieties of seeds, fertilisers and pesticides have greatly increased per-acre yield and with that the prosperity of the peasant community which has toiled for three generations to transform a barren land into verdant fields. The Faisalabad district is famous for its fruit production. Important fruits are oranges, bananas, apples, sugarcanes, tangerines, fruiter, mangos, guava and Faalsa. The total area under fruit orchards is 34,517 acres (13,969 ha).[citation needed]
Establishment of a dry port at Gatti, a few kilometers away from the main city has greatly boosted economic activities in Faisalabad by facilitating direct imports and exports of goods and cargo.[citation needed]
The rise of the middle class as a result of economic boom in the past decade has led to the construction of major malls and shopping plazas amid investment from the United Arab Emirates as well as many European firms. Faisalabad has been called the "Manchester of Pakistan" because it has a major impact on the economy of Pakistan. The city generates 25% revenue for the trade and commerce activity of Pakistan.
Besides traditional industrial base of Faisalabad, the city has diversified a lot in other commercial activities. Banking sector has gained a lot of ground in the economy of Faisalabad. All the local and National banks have their regional corporate banking head offices in Faisalabad. A number of international banks like City Bank, Standard Chartered Bank, Barclay's Bank, HSBC have their commercial banking operation in Faisalabad. In addition to banking, insurance sector has boomed. State Life Insurance, Eastern federal Union Insurance, Jubilee Insurance, AIG Insurance are a few to name as the major player in Faisalabad.
Education has stepped up as another major contributor to the economy of the city. Rise of a few good universities, many good professional schools and primary and secondary education schools by private sector has contributed a lot not only to the education sector but also to the economy of the city.
Faisalabad Chamber Of Commerce and Industries plays a vital role in the development of commerce and industry in Faisalabad. Established in 1975, the organization has been able to achieve several milestones for commercial and industrial development. Promote trade, industry and profession so as to achieve sustainable all round economic growth of Faisalabad plus Deal with concerns, issues and problems of the business community and effectively resolve the same. And create a proactive partnership between government and business community (locally, nationally and globally).
Faisalabad is home to the All Pakistan Textile Mills Association, a body that represents the textile industry of Pakistan at all national and international forums. Mian Muhammad Mansha, an industrialist from Faisalabad has remained the chairman of All Pakistan Textile Mills Association for a decade.
Government[link]
Faisalabad district formerly consisted six sub-divisions: Faisalabad City, Faisalabad Sadr, Chak Jhumra, Samundri, Jaranwala, and Tandlianwala. In 2005, Faisalabad was reorganised as a City-District composed of eight autonomous towns:[4]
- Lyallpur Town
- Madina Town
- Jinnah Town
- Iqbal Town
- Chak Jhumra Town
- Jaranwala Town
- Samundri Town
- Tandlianwala Town
City of Faisalabad is governed by the City District Government, chaired by the district coordination officer Naseem Sadiq. Since 2009 the government of Punjab has revived the colonial draconian system of commissionaire and enacted a commissionaire for Faisalabad. This has reduced the City District Government power, severely hindering the process of transfer of power to grass-root level.
Sister cities[link]
| City | Region | Country | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| Manchester |  England |
 United Kingdom |
1997 |
| Kobe | 24px Hyōgo Prefecture |  Japan |
2000 |
| Los Angeles |  California |
 United States |
2009 |
| Wuhan |  Hubei |
China |
1986 |
| Saint Petersburg |  Saint Petersburg1 |
 Russia |
1962 |
| Córdoba |  Andalusia |
 Spain |
1986 |
| Kanpur |  Uttar Pradesh |
 India |
1970 |
Demographics[link]
The city of Faisalabad carried out a census in March 1981 which showed the population of Faisalabad city as 1,092,000, which indicates that growth rate of Faisalabad city is only 3.37 percent per annum. In April 1981 the survey was carried out again which recorded the population to 1,232,000 which made the growth rate approximately 4.6%. Given this growth rate, the population at the end of 1981 was estimated to be 1,240,000.
The emergence of Faisalabad as a major agriculture and industrial center created a great increase in the city's population. From a population of 69,930 in 1941, it rose to 179,000 in 1951, an increase of 152.2% this was mainly due to the settlement of Muslim refugees from East Punjab and Haryana who came from India and settled in Faisalabad. The population rose to a future figure of 425,248 in 1961, an increase of 137.4%. Faisalabad became a record in the demographic history for Pakistan by registering an overall population increase of 508.1% between 1941 and 1961. This record has never been matched by the largest city of Pakistan.[5] In the 1998 census the city population was recorded as 2,009,000, growing at a rate of 21.3% per annum.[6] According to the World Gazetteer, the estimate of the city is expected to have reached 5,000,000 in 2010.[7]
Punjabi and Saraiki are the main languages of Faisalabad, although Urdu is the primary language of a sizable population. Punjabi, Saraiki and Urdu are equally understood and spoken, whereas English is the language of commerce, business and law.
The religion of a majority of Faisalabadites is Islam with small minorities of Sikhs, Christians and Ahmadis. Majority of Muslims belong to Sunni Hanafi school of thought with sizable population of Shiites.
Language[link]
Punjabi is the native language of the province and is the most widely spoken language in Faisalabad. Punjabi is the primary means of communication in both the city and adjoining rural areas. Punjabi has no official status in Faisalabad and some Punjabi activists have raised demands for recognition of Punjabi. English has become increasingly popular with educated and younger people due to its official status in government and preferred language status for business. Many Punjabi speakers in Faisalabad are known as Majha Dialect Of Punjabi. According to the 1998 census, 74% of the population are Punjabis; 20.2% are Urdu speakers and the Seraikis, at 5.4%.
Flora and fauna[link]
The Ravi River flows on the eastern and the Chenab River on the western boundary of the district. No other river passes through it. Floods are caused by the overflow of the Ravi on account of heavy rains in its catchment areas during the monsoon. Floods are a recurrent feature since the rivers cannot hold the vast amount of water flowing from the northern areas to the south of the country. These floods cause extensive damage to crops and villages periodically. The provincial government is proposing dams and barrages to control the flow of water in the future. However, local settlements are not keen on this idea.
The wildlife of the district includes foxes, boars, jackals and wild cats. Among the birds there are usually partridges, pigeons, doves, tilliars, lal menas, bias, parrots, quails, pochards, mallards and teals.
Culture[link]
Main article: List of places in Faisalabad
File:Gumti.jpg
British built Gumti Water Fountain and the Qaisery Gate, the entrance to the Eight Bazaars
Compared to its more tourist-attractive provincial capital, Lahore, Faisalabad is basically an industrial and agricultural city. It is the largest business city in Punjab and it is a region for investment and economic prosperity. Textiles generate the best business in this city. There is a selection of sites and tourist attractions; however, even with such fast growth the country lacks historical significance since it was developed mostly in the last hundred years. The Faisalabad Clock Tower, locally called "Ghanta Ghar", was one of the first main market of Faisalabad and it is the oldest area of the city. Here one can find the remains of buildings which mainly belonged to the British Raj. This market has eight bazaars, forming a "Union Jack" (British flag), which can be seen from above. There are still structures from previous settlements such as Zoroastrian temples, Buddhist monasteries, Hindu mandirs and Sikh gurudwaras still visible, however, since the creation of Pakistan these have been converted into schools and museums. "D Ground" is the second most important market after Ghenta Ghar. The area has been continually developing into a shopping area with many brands from all over the world. It is seen at its busiest at night when local people come out for an outing. There are many local and western restaurants ranging from Namwah Chinese, Bundu Khan, KFC, Al Maida, McDonald's, Pizza Hut, Olive Garden, Sardines, Yummy 36, Cube and many open-air barbecues.
The Jinnah Garden is probably the best known park in Faisalabad. It is locally known as "Company Baagh". The tomb of Sir James Broadwood Lyall is here. He was the founder of this city and the city was first named Lyallpur in his honour. There are many food outlets, walking paths and cycling lanes, and a huge fountain structure. The park is often used by the local council for rallies, concerts, shows and melas. Getwala Park is a small park situated on the edge of Faisalabad. It is popular for family picnics and relaxing. Canal Park is on the west bank of the Rakh Branch Canal. It is also a good place for families.
The are several water parks, incorporating swimmings pools, slides and similar facilities, as well as an amusement park located near the Iqbal Stadium.
Rex City is a shopping mall that specialises in computer-related merchandise. Kohinoor One is another mall, serving more general requirements.
The Chenab Club is a social club in Jinnah Garden. It was the first such club in Faisalabad, being established in 1910. It is used by the elite society of Faisalabad.
Faisalabadi cuisine is very much Punjabi cuisine. The samosas of Faisalabad are different from any others because here you can get the chatani variety. The very famous name Chacha Samosay Wala is in the D Ground and Babar Chowk. Dahi Bhale is prepared by a Thele Wala at Jinnah Coloney, near Chatri Wala Ground. Gol Gappay are basically made with flour into a ball shape and filled with black grams, onions, potatoes and other supplements. The most famous is a person who sells gole gappe on tehla in the start of the AminPur bazaar. A sour drink called "khatta" is served with them. Biryani and pulao are very popular. Jehangir's Murgh Pulao is popular. English and continental foods are easily available. There are some Punjabi drinks like rabri, lassi, limo pani and sugar cane rusk.
Besides the local cuisine, Faisalabad is home to many national and international renowned food chains. Pizza Hut operates at three locations, KFC runs one restaurant and two take-away points, McDonald's operates two restaurants, and Hardee's has one restaurant. Some renowned national food brands like Lal Qila, Al-Nakhal, Bundu Khan, Bar B Q Tonight, Masooms, Usmania, Lasania and China Town have restaurants in Faisalabad. Local names for food are Sardines (a seafood specialty restaurant), Silver Spoon (for steaks and Pakistani cuisine), Real Taste (for BBQ), Namwah, Kingwah (for Chinese cuisine). A growing culture is of the Sheesha lounges and cafes like Jammin Java, Kaps and Sheesha lounge.
Faisalabad Arts Council is near Iqbal Stadium. The council has a major role in promoting the cultural activities and the art in the city. It has an auditorium, Ustad Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan Auditorium, named after Ustad Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan from Faisalabad, with a seating capacity of 500 people. Arts council organize many cultural events including exhibitions and cultural shows. The current resident director of the Arts Council is Ch Muhammad Asif Pervaiz, who has played an important role in its establishment and development.
An important cultural activity in Faisalabad is the culture of revering great Sufi saints. Faisalabad is home to the shrine of Sufi saints like Hazrat Noor Shah Wali and Hazrat Lasoori Shah. Ustad Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan and Rahat Fateh Ali Khan are two of the famously known followers of Hazrat Lasoori Shah. Many religious congregations (Mahafils) are set up on the 11th day of every lunar month to revere the greatest name of Sufism Hazrat Syed Abdul-Qadir Gilani. A number of Mahafil e Nasheed/Naat are held on the 12th of Rabi ul Awwal (third month of the Islamic calender) to celebrate the birth of Muhammad, prophet of Islam.
Sport[link]
Main article: List of sports venues in Faisalabad
Cricket, a national sport in Pakistan, is the most popular sport in the city. It is played anywhere a city dweller will find a large piece of land. This is known as Bat aur Gendh. It is played in the narrow by-lanes of the city. Night-time cricket can be seen at weekends when people play brightly lit matches on less-traversed city streets, disused construction sites, parks and several grounds in the district. The oldest and only venue for international cricket matches is Iqbal Stadium. The Faisalabad Wolves, Faisalabad's local team, are based at this venue and often regional matches are played throughout the spring season which draws in plenty of crowds such as Faysal Bank T20 Cup. The ground hosted matches for the 1987 Cricket World Cup as well as the 1996 Cricket World Cup.
Other popular sports in the city are hockey, Weightlifting, association football, Kabaddi, table tennis, billiards and snooker, squash, and horse racing. Sports like badminton, volleyball and basketball have started to gain popularity as western influences have affected the locals. Faisalabad has its own team, called the PMC FC who take part in the Pakistan Premier League. The Punjab Medical College has its own stadium built on its campus to train and host matches for the sport.
The city has facilities for hockey. The Faisalabad Hockey Stadium on Susan Road mostly hosts field hockey matches for most national and some international matches. The stadium has plenty of shops and restaurants which bring a lot of life to the area. A new sports complex is being planned to host athletic and gymnastic matches as well as Olympic training for future Pakistan participation.
PMC Club Athletico Faisalabad is the city's only participant in the Pakistani Premier Football League. Athletico's city rival Panther FC plays in the 2nd Division of Pakistani Football pyramid.
Education[link]
Main article: List of educational institutions in Faisalabad District
The population of Faisalabad has a literacy rate of approximately 58%, with a split of 60% for males and 56% for females (all figures are higher than the national average). There are several institutions of higher education and several research centres including:
- University of Agriculture, Faisalabad
- Divisional Public School & College Faisalabad
- Divisional Model College
- Institute of Engineering & Fertilizer Research
- Institute of Cost and Management Accountants
- Institute of Chartered Accountants
- Government College University, Faisalabad
- National Textile University
- University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore Faisalabad Campus
- University of Faisalabad (also known as Medina University)
- Government College of Technology
- Punjab Medical College
- University of Education
- Punjab Group of Colleges
- Dar-e-Arqam Schools
- Faisalabad Grammar School
- Salafia University
Transport[link]
Faisalabad International Airport is approximately 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the city centre and is a major transit point for exporting goods to other parts of Pakistan and abroad. Passenger flights are run by the national flag carrier, Pakistan International Airlines (PIA). Airblue, Aero Asia International and Shaheen Air used to operate from the airport but have suspended operations from Faisalabad. Flights for some domestic and some international destinations are available from the airport. Major flying within Pakistan is towards Karachi, whereas major international destinations are Dubai, Jeddah and Glasgow.
The National Highway Authority has rebuilt and improved the standards of roads to meet international standards and improve logistical networks for freight companies. There is a public bus network as well as private coaches within the city and many privately operated auto-rickshaws and taxis to get around the city. Rental cars are also available.
There are many highways under the control of the National Highway Authority, linking Faisalabad with other cities of the country. The M3 access-controlled motorway connects Faisalabad with the motorway M2 near Pindi Bhattian which furthermore connects with Rawalpindi/Islamabad, Lahore and Multan. There is an expressway which connects Faisalabad with Lahore, Sheikhupura and Mananwala. The city is connected with Sargodha by a highway known as the Sargodha-Faisalabad road. Furthermore, motorway M4 is also under construction which will connect Faisalabad with Multan. The newly furnished Grand Trunk Road, otherwise known as GT Road, is a popular highway that links most parts of Pakistan as well as neighbouring countries. There are several bus operators that offer quick services to the provincial capital, Lahore, as well as Islamabad, Jhang, Multan, Peshawar, Karachi and several smaller localities. The Daewoo Express, Ravi Express, Kohistan Coaches, Khan Brothers, Nadir flying coach, Airport Limousines and Niazi Coach are some of the well-known services.
The main railway station was built in the 19th century by the British Empire. Today there are connections available to all parts of Pakistan including Karachi, Lahore, Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Quetta, and Peshawar.
Media[link]
The Daily Express is the only national newspaper published from Faisalabad. (The Daily Asas used to publish from Faisalabad; it is now published elsewhere.) It is the product of Express Media Group, largely circulating in the Faisalabad Division. The Daily Express started publishing in Faisalabad on 17 September 2002.[citation needed] There are other popular Urdu Faisalabadi newspapers including Daily Permanent News, Daily Shelter, Daily Awam, Daily Aman, Daily Tajarti Rahber, Daily Paygaam, Daily Business Report, Daily Report and the Daily Surrat-E-Haal.
Cinemas have fallen in number in the city since the ban on most Bollywood films. The lack of interest in English and Lollywood-related films has caused many cinema halls to close down and many owners to invest in other forms of entertainment. Punjabi stage dramas are still quite popular among Faisalabadis, and there are still some theatres operating quite successfully. There are many stars in Lollywood that hail from Faisalabad, which draws in the crowds from far and wide. Shows usually take place at night and involve a range of day-to-day topics as well as dances to many types of music from female artists.The DAWN Media Group. State-owned Pakistan Television (PTV) transmits five terrestrial and cable television channels. There also a number of private television channels that have offices in Faisalabad including Express News, Geo TV, Apna Channel and Punjab TV.
Weekly Lyallpur Akhbar is one of the oldest newspapers in district of Faisalabad. As a source of agriculture media this newspaper was established in 1933 and still serving rural and agriculture business communities. Their office is in Killa Gift Fund Trust Building, Inside District Courts of Faisalabad. Bashir Ahmad Mumtaz is publisher and editor of the newspaper.
FM radio[link]
The radio industry has expanded with a number of private and government-owned FM channels being introduced. The FM radio channels that broadcast in the city include the government-owned Radio Pakistan
Notable people[link]
Main article: List of people from Faisalabad
References[link]
- ^ World Gazetteer estimate (01-06-2011)
- ^ https://www.ukmediacentre.pwc.com/imagelibrary/detail.asp?MediaDetailsID=1562
- ^ http://www.smeda.org/downloads/Cluster_Profile_LightEngineering.pdf
- ^ "Geography". City District Government, Faisalabad. http://www.faisalabad.gov.pk/statistics.aspx?task=geo. Retrieved 2007-11-06.
- ^ The 2004 Baseline Survey on Millennium Development Goals in AACs Chapter 6 Faisalabad, Pakistan
- ^ Population Statistics, Faisalabad City District Government
- ^ World Gazetteer: Faisalabad Population Data
External links[link]
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- Faisalabad Government website
- Punjab Government website
- Faisalabad travel guide from Wikitravel
- Faisalabad at the Open Directory Project
Coordinates: 31°15′N 73°03′E / 31.25°N 73.05°E / 31.25; 73.05
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faisalabad
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For other people named Imran Khan, see Imran Khan (disambiguation).
| Imran Khan Niazi عمران خان نیازی |
|
|---|---|
_cropped.jpg) |
|
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1952-11-25) 25 November 1952 (age 59) Lahore, West Punjab,  Dominion of Pakistan |
| Political party | Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf |
| Spouse(s) | Jemima Khan (1995–2004) |
| Children | Sulaiman Qasim Khan |
| Residence | Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan |
| Alma mater | Keble College, Oxford |
| Occupation | Politician Philanthropist Cricketer |
| Religion | Islam |
| Website | PTI |
Imran Khan Niazi (Urdu: عمران خان نیازی; born 25 November 1952) is a Pakistani politician and former cricketer, playing international cricket for two decades in the late twentieth century. After retiring, he entered politics. Currently, besides his political activism, Khan is also a philanthropist, cricket commentator, Chancellor of the University of Bradford and Founder and Chairman Board of Governors of Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital & Research Centre.
Arguably Pakistan's most successful cricket captain, Khan played for the Pakistani cricket team from 1971 to 1992 and served as its captain intermittently throughout 1982–1992.[1] After retiring from cricket at the end of the 1987 World Cup, he was called back to join the team in 1988. At 39, Khan led his teammates to Pakistan's first and only World Cup victory in 1992. He has a record of 3807 runs and 362 wickets in Test cricket, making him one of eight world cricketers to have achieved an 'All-rounder's Triple' in Test matches.[2] On 14 July 2010, Khan was inducted into the ICC Cricket Hall of Fame.[3]
In April 1996, Khan founded and became the chairman of a political party Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (Movement for Justice).[4] He represented Mianwali as a member of the National Assembly from November 2002 to October 2007.[5] Foreign Policy magazine has described him as "Pakistan's Ron Paul".[6]
Through worldwide fundraising, he has also helped establish the Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital & Research Centre in 1996 and Mianwali's Namal College in 2008.
Contents |
Family, education, and personal life[link]
Imran Khan was born in Lahore, the only son of Ikramullah Khan Niazi, a civil engineer, and his wife Shaukat Khanum.[7] Although long settled in Mianwali in Punjab, the family were of Pashtun ethnicity and belonged to the Niazi Shermankhel tribe.[8] A quiet and shy boy in his youth, Khan grew up with his four sisters in relatively affluent (upper middle-class) circumstances[9] and received a privileged education. He was educated the Cathedral School in Lahore, the Royal Grammar School Worcester in England, where he excelled at cricket, and at Aitchison College, Lahore. In 1972, he enrolled to study Philosophy, Politics and Economics at Keble College, Oxford, where he graduated with a second-class degree in Politics and a third in Economics.[10] Khan's mother hailed from the Burki family which had produced several successful hockey players,[7] as also cricketers such as Javed Burki and Majid Khan.[8] Early in life, Khan developed an interest in cricket, which is an extremely popular sport in Pakistan.
Marriage to Jemima Marcelle Goldsmith[link]
On 16 May 1995, Khan married Jemima Goldsmith, in an Islamic ceremony in Paris. A month later, on 21 June, they were married again in a civil ceremony at the Richmond register office in England, followed by a reception at the Goldsmiths' house in Surrey.[11] . The marriage, described as "tough" by Khan,[8] produced two sons, Sulaiman Isa (born 18 November 1996) and Kasim (born 10 April 1999).[12] As an agreement of his marriage, Khan spent four months a year in England. On 22 June 2004, it was announced that the Khans had divorced because it was "difficult for Jemima to adapt to life in Pakistan".[13] The marriage ended amicably. Imran has regular access to his children and his relationship with his ex-wife is friendly. Khan now resides in Bani Gala, Islamabad, where he built a farmhouse with the money he gained from selling his London flat. He grows fruit trees, wheat, and keeps cows, while also maintaining a cricket ground for his two sons, who visit during their holidays.[8]
Cricket career[link]
| Personal information | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Born | (1952-11-25) 25 November 1952 (age 59) Lahore, West Punjab, Dominion of Pakistan |
|||
| Batting style | Right-handed | |||
| Bowling style | Right-arm fast | |||
| Role | All-rounder | |||
| International information | ||||
| National side | Pakistan | |||
| Test debut (cap 65) | 3 June 1971 v England | |||
| Last Test | 2 January 1992 v Sri Lanka | |||
| ODI debut (cap 12) | 31 August 1974 v England | |||
| Last ODI | 25 March 1992 v England | |||
| Domestic team information | ||||
| Years | Team | |||
| 1977–1988 | Sussex | |||
| 1984/85 | New South Wales | |||
| 1975–1981 | PIA | |||
| 1971–1976 | Worcestershire | |||
| 1973–1975 | Oxford University | |||
| 1969–1971 | Lahore | |||
| Career statistics | ||||
| Competition | Test | ODI | FC | LA |
| Matches | 88 | 175 | 382 | 425 |
| Runs scored | 3,807 | 3,709 | 17,771 | 10,100 |
| Batting average | 37.69 | 33.41 | 36.79 | 33.22 |
| 100s/50s | 6/18 | 1/19 | 30/93 | 5/66 |
| Top score | 136 | 102* | 170 | 114* |
| Balls bowled | 19,458 | 7,461 | 65,224 | 19,122 |
| Wickets | 362 | 182 | 1,287 | 507 |
| Bowling average | 22.81 | 26.61 | 22.32 | 22.31 |
| 5 wickets in innings | 23 | 1 | 70 | 6 |
| 10 wickets in match | 6 | n/a | 13 | n/a |
| Best bowling | 8/58 | 6/14 | 8/34 | 6/14 |
| Catches/stumpings | 28/– | 36/– | 117/– | 84/– |
| Source: ESPNCricinfo, 24 December 2011 | ||||
| Pride of Performance Award Recipient | |
|---|---|
 Imran Khan was recipient of the Pride of Performance Award 1983 |
|
| Presented by | Islamic Republic of Pakistan |
| Date | 1983 |
| Country | Islamic Republic of Pakistan |
| Hilal-i-Imtiaz Award Recipient | |
|---|---|
| Presented by | Islamic Republic of Pakistan |
| Date | 1992 |
| Country | Islamic Republic of Pakistan |
Khan made a lacklustre first-class cricket debut at the age of sixteen in Lahore. By the start of the 1970s, he was playing for his home teams of Lahore A (1969–70), Lahore B (1969–70), Lahore Greens (1970–71) and, eventually, Lahore (1970–71).[14] Khan was part of Oxford University's Blues Cricket team during the 1973–75 seasons.[10] At Worcestershire, where he played county cricket from 1971 to 1976, he was regarded as only an average medium pace bowler. During this decade, other teams represented by Khan include Dawood Industries (1975–76) and Pakistan International Airlines (1975–76 to 1980–81). From 1983 to 1988, he played for Sussex.[2]
In 1971, Khan made his Test cricket debut against England at Birmingham. Three years later, he debuted in the One Day International (ODI) match, once again playing against England at Nottingham for the Prudential Trophy. After graduating from Oxford and finishing his tenure at Worcestershire, he returned to Pakistan in 1976 and secured a permanent place on his native national team starting from the 1976–77 season, during which they faced New Zealand and Australia.[14] Following the Australian series, he toured the West Indies, where he met Tony Greig, who signed him up for Kerry Packer's World Series Cricket.[2] His credentials as one of the fastest bowlers of the world started to establish when he finished third at 139.7 km/h in a fast bowling contest at Perth in 1978, behind Jeff Thomson and Michael Holding, but ahead of Dennis Lillee, Garth Le Roux and Andy Roberts.[2]
As a fast bowler, Khan reached the peak of his powers in 1982. In 9 Tests, he got 62 wickets at 13.29 each, the lowest average of any bowler in Test history with at least 50 wickets in a calendar year.[15] In January 1983, playing against India, he attained a Test bowling rating of 922 points. Although calculated retrospectively (ICC player ratings did not exist at the time), Khan's form and performance during this period ranks third in the ICC's All-Time Test Bowling Rankings.[16]
Khan achieved the all-rounder's triple (securing 3000 runs and 300 wickets) in 75 Tests, the second fastest record behind Ian Botham's 72. He is also established as having the second highest all-time batting average of 61.86 for a Test batsman playing at position 6 of the batting order.[17] He played his last Test match for Pakistan in January 1992, against Sri Lanka at Faisalabad. Khan retired permanently from cricket six months after his last ODI, the historic 1992 World Cup final against England at Melbourne, Australia.[18] He ended his career with 88 Test matches, 126 innings and scored 3807 runs at an average of 37.69, including six centuries and 18 fifties. His highest score was 136 runs. As a bowler, he took 362 wickets in Test cricket, which made him the first Pakistani and world's fourth bowler to do so.[2] In ODIs, he played 175 matches and scored 3709 runs at an average of 33.41. His highest score remains 102 not out. His best ODI bowling is documented at 6 wickets for 14 runs.
Captaincy[link]
At the height of his career, in 1982, the thirty-year-old Khan took over the captaincy of the Pakistan cricket team from Javed Miandad. Recalling his initial discomfort with this new role, he later said, "When I became the cricket captain, I couldn’t speak to the team directly I was so shy. I had to tell the manager, I said listen can you talk to them, this is what I want to convey to the team. I mean early team meetings I use to be so shy and embarrassed I couldn’t talk to the team."[19] As a captain, Khan played 48 Test matches, out of which 14 were won by Pakistan, 8 lost and the rest of 26 were drawn. He also played 139 ODIs, winning 77, losing 57 and ending one in a tie.[2]
In the team's second match under his leadership, Khan led them to their first Test win on English soil for 28 years at Lord's.[20] Khan's first year as captain was the peak of his legacy as a fast bowler as well as an all-rounder. He recorded the best Test bowling of his career while taking 8 wickets for 58 runs against Sri Lanka at Lahore in 1981–82.[2] He also topped both the bowling and batting averages against England in three Test series in 1982, taking 21 wickets and averaging 56 with the bat. Later the same year, he put up a highly acknowledged performance in a home series against the formidable Indian team by taking 40 wickets in six Tests at an average of 13.95. By the end of this series in 1982–83, Khan had taken 88 wickets in 13 Test matches over a period of one year as captain.[14]
This same Test series against India, however, also resulted in a stress fracture in his shin that kept him out of cricket for more than two years. An experimental treatment funded by the Pakistani government helped him recover by the end of 1984 and he made a successful comeback to international cricket in the latter part of the 1984–85 season.[2]
In 1987, Khan led Pakistan to its first ever Test series win in India, which was followed by Pakistan's first series victory in England the same year.[20] During the 1980s, his team also recorded three creditable draws against the West Indies. India and Pakistan co-hosted the 1987 World Cup, but neither ventured beyond the semi-finals. Khan retired from international cricket at the end of the World Cup. In 1988, he was asked to return to the captaincy by the President Of Pakistan, General Zia-Ul-Haq, and on 18 January, he announced his decision to rejoin the team.[2] Soon after returning to the captaincy, Khan led Pakistan to another winning tour in the West Indies, which he has recounted as "the last time I really bowled well".[8] He was declared Man of the Series against West Indies in 1988 when he took 23 wickets in 3 tests.[2]
Khan's career-high as a captain and cricketer came when he led Pakistan to victory in the 1992 Cricket World Cup. Playing with a brittle batting line-up, Khan promoted himself as a batsman to play in the top order along with Javed Miandad, but his contribution as a bowler was minimal. At the age of 39, Khan scored the highest runs of all the Pakistani batsmen and took the winning last wicket himself.[14]
Post-retirement[link]
In 1994, Khan had admitted that, during Test matches, he "occasionally scratched the side of the ball and lifted the seam." He had also added, "Only once did I use an object. When Sussex were playing Hampshire in 1981 the ball was not deviating at all. I got the 12th man to bring out a bottle top and it started to move around a lot."[21] In 1996, Khan successfully defended himself in a libel action brought forth by former English captain and all-rounder Ian Botham and batsman Allan Lamb over comments they alleged were made by Khan in two articles about the above-mentioned ball-tampering and another article published in an Indian magazine, India Today. They claimed that, in the latter publication, Khan had called the two cricketers "racist, ill-educated and lacking in class." Khan protested that he had been misquoted, saying that he was defending himself after having admitted that he tampered with a ball in a county match 18 years ago.[22] Khan won the libel case, which the judge labelled a "complete exercise in futility", with a 10–2 majority decision by the jury.[22]
Since retiring, Khan has written opinion pieces on cricket for various British and Asian newspapers, especially regarding the Pakistani national team. His contributions have been published in India's Outlook magazine,[23] the Guardian,[24] the Independent, and the Telegraph. Khan also sometimes appears as a cricket commentator on Asian and British sports networks, including BBC Urdu[25] and the Star TV network.[26] In 2004, when the Indian cricket team toured Pakistan after 14 years, he was a commentator on TEN Sports' special live show, Straight Drive,[27] while he was also a columnist for sify.com for the 2005 India-Pakistan Test series.[28] He has provided analysis for every cricket World Cup since 1992, which includes providing match summaries for BBC during the 1999 World Cup.[28]
In November 2009 Khan underwent emergency surgery at Lahore's Shaukat Khanum Cancer Hospital to remove an obstruction in his small intestine.[29]
Social work[link]
For more than four years after retiring from cricket in 1992, Khan focused his efforts solely on social work. By 1991, he had founded the Shaukat Khanum Memorial Trust, a charity organisation bearing the name of his mother, Mrs. Shaukat Khanum. As the Trust's maiden endeavour, Khan established Pakistan's first and only cancer hospital, constructed using donations and funds exceeding $25 million, raised by Khan from all over the world.[4] Inspired by the memory of his mother, who died of cancer, the Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital & Research Centre, a charitable cancer hospital with 75 percent free care, opened in Lahore on 29 December 1994.[8] Khan currently serves as the chairman of the hospital and continues to raise funds through charity and public donations.[30]
During the 1990s, Khan also served as UNICEF's Special Representative for Sports[31] and promoted health and immunisation programmes in Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Thailand.[32]
On 27 April 2008, Khan's brainchild, a technical college in the Mianwali District called Namal College, was inaugurated. Namal College was built by the Mianwali Development Trust (MDT), as chaired by Khan, and was made an associate college of the University of Bradford (of which Khan is Chancellor) in December 2005.[33] Currently, Khan is building another cancer hospital in Karachi, using his successful Lahore institution as a model. While in London, he also works with the Lord’s Taverners, a cricket charity.[4]
Political work[link]
In 1996, Khan founded a political party, Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI), which emphasized on anti-corruption policies.[8][34] The newly formed party was unable to win a seat during the 1997 Pakistani general election.[35] Khan supported General Pervez Musharraf's military coup in 1999,[36] believing Musharraf would "end corruption, clear out the political mafias".[37] According to Khan, he was Musharraf's choice of prime minister in 2002 but turned down the offer.[38] The 2002 Pakistani general election were held in October across 272 constituencies. Khan anticipated doing well in the elections and was prepared to form a coalition if his party did not get a majority of the vote.[39] He was elected from the NA-71 constituency of Mianwali and being the only party member to have secured a seat, PTI won only 0.8% of the popular vote. Khan, who was sworn in as an MP on 16 November,[40] remained part of the Standing Committees on Kashmir and Public Accounts, and expressed legislative interest in Foreign Affairs, Education and Justice.[41]
On 6 May 2005, Khan became one of the first Muslim figures to criticise a 300-word Newsweek story about the alleged desecration of the Qur'an in a U.S. military prison at the Guantánamo Bay Naval Base in Cuba. Khan held a press conference to denounce the article and demanded that Gen. Pervez Musharraf secure an apology from the American president George W. Bush for the incident.[42]. In June 2007, the federal Parliamentary Affairs Minister Dr. Sher Afghan Khan Niazi and the Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM) party filed separate ineligibility references against Khan, asking for his disqualification as member of the National Assembly on grounds of immorality. Both references, filed on the basis of articles 62 and 63 of the Constitution of Pakistan, were rejected on 5 September.[43]
On 2 October 2007, as part of the All Parties Democratic Movement, Khan joined 85 other MPs to resign from Parliament in protest of the Presidential election scheduled for 6 October, which General Musharraf was contesting without resigning as army chief.[5] On 3 November 2007, Khan was put under house arrest at his father's home hours after President Musharraf declared a state of emergency in Pakistan. Khan had demanded the death penalty for Musharraf after the imposition of emergency rule, which he equated to "committing treason". The next day, on 4 November, Khan escaped and went into peripatetic hiding.[44] He eventually came out of hiding on 14 November to join a student protest at the University of the Punjab.[45] At the rally, Khan was captured by students from the Jamaat-i-Islami political party, who claimed that Khan was an uninvited nuisance at the rally, and they handed him over to the police, who charged him under the Anti-terrorism act for allegedly inciting people to pick up arms, calling for civil disobedience, and for spreading hatred.[46].
On 30 October, 2011, Imran Khan changed the political picture of the country by addressing more than 100,000 supporters, challenging the policies of the current government, calling this new change a "tsunami" against the ruling parties,[47] followed by another successful public gathering in Karachi on 25 December, 2011.[48] Since then Imran Khan has become a real threat for the current ruling parties and future political prospect in Pakistan. According to International Republican Institute (IRI)'s survey, Imran Khan’s Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) tops the list of popular parties in Pakistan both at the national as well as provincial level, leaving Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz (PML-N) and Pakistan Peopleís Party (PPP) behind.[49]
Ideology[link]
Khan's proclaimed political platform and declarations include: Islamic values, to which he rededicated himself in the 1990s; liberal economics, with the promise of deregulating the economy and creating a welfare state; decreased bureaucracy and the implementation of anti-corruption laws, to create and ensure a clean government; the establishment of an independent judiciary; overhaul of the country's police system; and an anti-militant vision for a democratic Pakistan.[18][26][50]
Khan told Britain's Daily Telegraph, "I want Pakistan to be a welfare state and a genuine democracy with a rule of law and an independent judiciary."[18] Other ideas he has presented include a requirement of all students to spend a year after graduation teaching in the countryside and cutting down the over-staffed bureaucracy in order to send them to teach too.[51] "We need decentralisation, empowering people at the grass roots," he has said.[52]
Criticism[link]
Khan had a child out of wedlock with Ana-Luisa White (Sita White).[53] This was confirmed by a judgement of paternity rendered by a Superior Court of the State of California for the county of Los Angeles in favour of White[54] wherein it was held that Khan was the father of a female child born on June 15, 1992.[55][56][not in citation given] Khan did not challenge that judgement and in 2004 accepted the child as his daughter. He and his wife Jemima became the girls guardians.[57][58] [59] [60] [61]
During the 1970s and 1980s, Khan became known as a socialite due to his "non-stop partying" at London nightclubs such as Annabel's and Tramp, though he claims to have hated English pubs and to never drink alcohol.[4][8][26][42] He gained notoriety in London gossip columns for romancing young debutantes such as Susannah Constantine, Lady Liza Campbell and the artist Emma Sergeant.[8]
Khan is often dismissed as a political lightweight[45] and a celebrity outsider in Pakistan,[19] where national newspapers also refer to him as a "spoiler politician".[62] The Muttahida Qaumi Movement, has asserted that Khan is "a sick person who has been a total failure in politics and is alive just because of the media coverage".[63] Political observers say the crowds he draws are attracted by his cricketing celebrity, and the public has been reported to view him as a figure of entertainment rather than a serious political authority.[51]
Declan Walsh in The Guardian newspaper in England in 2005 described Khan as a "miserable politician," observing that, "Khan's ideas and affiliations since entering politics in 1996 have swerved and skidded like a rickshaw in a rainshower... He preaches democracy one day but gives a vote to reactionary mullahs the next."[64] The charge constantly raised against Khan is that of hypocrisy and opportunism, including what has been called his life's "playboy to puritan U-turn."[19] Political commentator Najam Sethi, stated that, "A lot of the Imran Khan story is about backtracking on a lot of things he said earlier, which is why this doesn’t inspire people."[19]. He is also criticized for being a puppet of Pakistan's 'establishment'.[65]
Awards and honours[link]
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- Khan is featured in the University of Oxford's Hall of Fame and has been an honorary fellow of Oxford's Keble College.[31]
- In 1976 as well as 1980, Khan was awarded The Cricket Society Wetherall Award for being the leading all-rounder in English first-class cricket.
- In 1983, he was also named Wisden Cricketer of the Year
- In 1983, he had received the President’s Pride of Performance Award
- In 1985, Sussex Cricket Society Player of the Year
- In 1990, Indian Cricket Cricketer of the Year[14]
- In 1992, Khan was given Pakistan's civil award, the Hilal-i-Imtiaz
- On 8 July 2004, Khan was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award at the 2004 Asian Jewel Awards in London, for "acting as a figurehead for many international charities and working passionately and extensively in fund-raising activities.[66]
- On 7 December 2005, Khan was appointed the fifth Chancellor of the University of Bradford, where he is also a patron of the Born in Bradford research project.
- On 13 December 2007, Khan received the Humanitarian Award at the Asian Sports Awards in Kuala Lumpur for his efforts in setting up the first cancer hospital in Pakistan.[67]
- On 5 July 2008, he was one of several veteran Asian cricketers presented special silver jubilee awards at the inaugural Asian cricket Council (ACC) award ceremony in Karachi.[68]
- In 2009, at International Cricket Council's centennial year celebration, Khan was one of fifty-five cricketers inducted into the ICC Hall of Fame.[69]
- In 2011 he was given Jinnah award.
Writings by Khan[link]
Khan has published six works of non-fiction, including an autobiography co-written with Patrick Murphy. He periodically writes editorials on cricket and Pakistani politics in several leading Pakistani and British newspapers. It was revealed in 2008 that Khan's second book, Indus Journey: A Personal View of Pakistan, had required heavy editing from the publisher. The publisher Jeremy Lewis revealed in a memoir that when he asked Khan to show his writing for publication, "he handed me a leatherbound notebook or diary containing a few jottings and autobiographical snippets. It took me, at most, five minutes to read them; and that, it soon became apparent, was all we had to go on."[70]
Books
- Khan, Imran (1989). Imran Khan's cricket skills. London : Golden Press in association with Hamlyn. ISBN 0-600-56349-9.
- Khan, Imran & Murphy, Patrick (1983). Imran: The autobiography of Imran Khan. Pelham Books. ISBN 0-7207-1489-3.
- Khan, Imran (1991). Indus Journey: A Personal View of Pakistan. Chatto & Windus. ISBN 0-7011-3527-1.
- Khan, Imran (1992). All Round View. Mandarin. ISBN 0-7493-1499-0.
- Khan, Imran (1993). Warrior Race: A Journey Through the Land of the Tribal Pathans. Chatto Windus. ISBN 0-7011-3890-4.
- Khan, Imran (2011). Pakistan: A Personal History. Bantam Press. ISBN 0-593-06774-6.
Articles
- Guardian comments, political and cricket commentary by Khan
- Telegraph columns, sports articles penned by Khan from 2000 to present
- We must address the root causes of this terror, Khan's editorial in the Independent following the 11 September attacks
- Benazir Bhutto has only herself to blame, Khan's 2007 editorial on Bhutto's return to Pakistan
In popular culture[link]
Main article: Kaptaan
After the permission from him, Kaptaan is a biographical film about him.
References[link]
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- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Imran Khan". Overseas Pakistanis Foundation. Archived from the original on 2007-10-04. http://web.archive.org/web/20071004215755/http://www.opf.org.pk/almanac/S/sports.htm. Retrieved 2007-11-05.
- ^ "Pakistan legend Imran Khan inducted into ICC Cricket Hall of Fame". Thesportscampus.com. http://www.thesportscampus.com/201007146222/test-cricket/former-pakistan-great-imran-khan-inducted-into-icc-cricket-hall-of-fame. Retrieved 19 July 2010. [dead link]
- ^ a b c d Kervin, Alison (2006-08-06). "Imran Khan: ‘What I do now fulfils me like never before’". The Sunday Times (UK). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/article601339.ece. Retrieved 2007-11-05.
- ^ a b "Pakistan MPs in election boycott". BBC. 2007-10-02. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7023424.stm. Retrieved 2007-11-05.
- ^ http://foreignpolicyblogs.com/2012/01/09/would-imran-khan-call-ron-paul-to-bat/
- ^ a b Khan, Imran (1993). Warrior Race. London: Butler & Tanner Ltd. ISBN 0-7011-3890-4.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Adams, Tim (2006-07-02). "The path of Khan". The Observer (UK). http://observer.guardian.co.uk/osm/story/0,,1807210,00.html. Retrieved 2007-11-05.
- ^ Ali, Syed Hamad (2008-07-23). "Pakistan's Dreamer". New Statesman (UK). http://www.newstatesman.com/asia/2008/07/imran-khan-pakistan-university. Retrieved 2008-08-05.
- ^ a b "The Interview: Anything he Khan't do?". The Oxford Student. 1999. http://www.oxfordstudent.com/tt1999wk5/News/the_interview:_anything_he_khan't_do%3F. Retrieved 2007-11-05. [dead link]
- ^ "Profiles:Jemima Khan". Hello!. http://www.hellomagazine.com/profiles/jemimakhan/. Retrieved 2007-10-08.
- ^ Goldsmith, Annabel (2004). Annabel: An Unconventional Life: The Memoirs of Lady Annabel Goldsmith. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-297-82966-1.
- ^ "Imran Khan and Jemima divorce". BBC. 2004-06-22. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3829383.stm. Retrieved 2007-10-05.
- ^ a b c d e "Imran Khan". CricketArchive. http://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/1/1383/1383.html. Retrieved 2007-11-05.
- ^ ESPNCricinfo – Records – Most wickets in a calendar year. Stats.espncricinfo.com (1970-01-01). Retrieved on 2011-12-30.
- ^ "ICC Player Rankings". ICC. http://www.iccreliancerankings.com/alltime/test/bowling/. Retrieved 2009-02-09.
- ^ Basevi, Travis (2005-10-11). "Best averages by batting position". Cricinfo. http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ci/content/story/221606.html. Retrieved 2007-11-05.
- ^ a b c Farndale, Nigel (2007-08-14). "Imran Khan is ready to become political force". London: The Sunday Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/08/12/nrkhan112.xml. Retrieved 2007-11-05.
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- ^ a b "Imran: Wrong time to tour". BBC. 2001-05-01. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/low/in_depth/2001/england_v_pakistan/1295868.stm. Retrieved 2007-11-05.
- ^ "Cricket's sharp practice". BBC. 2003-05-21. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/cricket/1665008.stm. Retrieved 2007-11-05.
- ^ a b "Botham, Lamb end legal battle". BBC. 1999-05-20. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/348740.stm. Retrieved 2007-11-05.
- ^ "Sports: opinion". Outlook magazine. http://www.outlookindia.com/author.asp?id=section&name=Imran+Khan§ion=Sports. Retrieved 2008-07-21.
- ^ Khan, Imran (2003-01-24). "Who's the real villain?". The Guardian (UK). http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2003/jan/24/cricket.iraq. Retrieved 2008-07-21.
- ^ Khan, Imran (2003-02-25). "Another poor batting display". BBC. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport3/cwc2003/hi/newsid_2790000/newsid_2799100/2799123.stm. Retrieved 2008-07-21.
- ^ a b c Lancaster, John (2005-07-04). "A Pakistani Cricket Star's Political Move". Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/07/03/AR2005070301078.html. Retrieved 2007-11-05.
- ^ "Big Time cricket on small screen". The Financial Express. 2004-03-03.
- ^ a b "Unmatched Coverage of India-Pakistan Test Cricket on Sify.com". Business Wire. 2005-03-09.
- ^ "Imran Khan has emergency surgery". BBC News. 2009-11-10. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cricket/other_international/pakistan/8352170.stm. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
- ^ History | Imran Khan | Cancer | Donate | Zakat. Shaukatkhanum.org.pk. Retrieved on 2011-12-30.
- ^ a b "Mr Imran Khan's Statement". World Health Organization. http://www.emro.who.int/tfi/wntd2002/WNTD2002Kit-Khan.htm. Retrieved 2007-11-05.
- ^ "UNICEF and the stars". unicef.org. http://www.unicef.org/sowc96/kstars.htm. Retrieved 2007-11-05.
- ^ "University delegation goes east to establish new College". University of Bradford. 2006-02-22. http://www.brad.ac.uk/admin/pr/pressreleases/2006/delegation.php. Retrieved 2007-11-05.
- ^ "Imran Khan leads 100,000 rally against Pakistan's US alliance". The Telegraph. 30 October 2011. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/pakistan/8858550/Imran-Khan-leads-100000-rally-against-Pakistans-US-alliance.html. Retrieved 2011-11-06.
- ^ Burns, John F. (5 February 1997). "Muslim Party Gets Huge Margin in Pakistan's Parliament". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1997/02/05/world/muslim-party-gets-huge-margin-in-pakistan-s-parliament.html. Retrieved 2011-11-06.
- ^ Walsh, Declan (31 October 2011). "Imran Khan laps up acclaim in Pakistan". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/oct/31/imran-khan-acclaim-pakistan?newsfeed=true. Retrieved 2011-11-06.
- ^ "'When you speak out, people react'". The Guardian. 31 August 2005. http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2005/aug/31/cricket.pakistan. Retrieved 2011-11-06.
- ^ Adams, Tim (2 July 2006). "The path of Khan". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2006/jul/02/cricket.features3. Retrieved 2011-11-06.
- ^ "Khan 'optimistic' about Pakistan elections". BBC News. 21 June 2002. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/2056431.stm. Retrieved 2011-11-06.
- ^ Lancaster, John (2002-11-16). "Pakistan's parliament sworn, after 3 years". United Press International. http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-69595658.html. Retrieved 2008-07-15.
- ^ "Candidate details: Imran Khan". Pakistan Elections. http://www.elections.com.pk/candidatedetails.php?id=72. Retrieved 2007-11-05.
- ^ a b Forsyth, James (2005-05-31). "Khan Artist". The Weekly Standard. http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/005/658vhcpk.asp?pg=1. Retrieved 2007-11-05.
- ^ "EC rejects references against Imran Khan". Associated Press of Pakistan. 2007-09-05. Archived from the original on 2008-01-25. http://web.archive.org/web/20080125103524/http://www.app.com.pk/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=15979&Itemid=2. Retrieved 2007-11-05.
- ^ "Imran Khan escapes from house arrest". The Times of India (India). 2007-11-05. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/World/Imran_Khan_escapes_from_house_arrest/articleshow/2517638.cms. Retrieved 2007-11-05.
- ^ a b Page, Jeremy (2007-11-14). "Imran Khan comes out of hiding to lead students in street protests". The Times (UK). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article2866163.ece. Retrieved 2007-11-15.
- ^ Page, Jeremy (2007-11-14). "Imran Khan faces terror charges after arrest in Pakistan". The Times (UK). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article2868571.ece. Retrieved 2007-11-15.
- ^ "Imran Khan's 'tsunami' sweeps Lahore". Express Tribune (Pakistan). 2011-10-30. http://tribune.com.pk/story/285058/pti-rally-in-lahore-live-updates/. Retrieved 2012-05-10.
- ^ "Imran's dream team wows Karachi". The Express Tribune (Pakistan). 2011-12-25. http://tribune.com.pk/story/311748/pakistan-tehreek-i-insaf-rally-in-karachi-live-updates/. Retrieved 2012-05-10.
- ^ "IRI survey shows PTI on top of popularity list". The News (Pakistan). 2012-05-07. http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-14418-IRI-survey-shows-PTI-on-top-of-popularity-list/. Retrieved 2012-05-10.
- ^ "Imran Khan's party issues election manifesto". Radio Pakistan.
- ^ a b "Imran Khan Standing for Election Again". The Guardian (UK). 2002-09-26. http://www.buzzle.com/editorials/9-26-2002-27111.asp. Retrieved 2007-11-05.
- ^ "Imran Khan's new game". BBC. 1998-07-09. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/128794.stm. Retrieved 2007-11-05.
- ^ Times Of India
- ^ Hindustan Times
- ^ Telegraph uk
- ^ Government Of Pakistan
- ^ Daily Times Newspaper
- ^ BBC UK
- ^ we'll care for tyrian
- ^ Gordon_White,_Baron_White_of_Hull
- ^ BBC UK
- ^ Khalil, Azam (2008-09-08). "A New Era". Frontier Post.
- ^ "A "totally failed" politician Imran surviving on media glare, says MQM". Asian News International. 2008-05-23.
- ^ Walsh, Delcan (2005-08-31). "'When you speak out, people react'". The Guardian (UK). http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2005/aug/31/cricket.pakistan. Retrieved 2008-07-21.
- ^ ["http://tribune.com.pk/story/295690/pti-faces-fresh-allegations-of-establishment-links]
- ^ "Former Cricketer Imran Khan is an Asian jewel". 2004-07-09. http://www.redhotcurry.com/archive/news/2004/jewel_awards2004_southern.htm. Retrieved 2007-11-05.
- ^ "Asian Awards". Hindustan Times. India. 2007-12-13. http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?id=fc2d1dd8-df34-4ba0-9e47-58f92b1f4c3d&MatchID1=4576&TeamID1=8&TeamID2=2&MatchType1=1&SeriesID1=1147&MatchID2=4614&TeamID3=1&TeamID4=5&MatchType2=2&SeriesID2=1161&PrimaryID=4576&Headline=Indian+tennis+legend+gets+top+Asian+honour. Retrieved 2007-12-20.
- ^ "Tendulkar honoured with best Asian ODI batsman award by ACC". Hindustan Times (India). 2008-07-06. http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?id=55160544-320b-4723-8ca9-14b5063fb544&ParentID=52c6b1a7-aaed-4d36-811f-eea832a76f24&MatchID1=4726&TeamID1=2&TeamID2=3&MatchType1=1&SeriesID1=1191&PrimaryID=4726&Headline=Sachin+adjudged+best+Asian+ODI+batsman. Retrieved 2008-07-17.
- ^ "Hall of Famers / ICC Centenary". 2004-07-09. http://www.catchthespirit.com/hall_of_fame/hall_of_famers.aspx. Retrieved 2009-01-28.
- ^ "It's a miracle... Imran's notes turn into book". Evening Standard. 2008-07-04.
Further reading[link]
- Tennant, Evo (1996). Imran Khan. Trafalgar Square. ISBN 0-575-05936-2.
External links[link]
- Player profile: Imran Khan from ESPNcricinfo
- Player profile: Imran Khan from CricketArchive
- Player Profile: Imran Khan from Yahoo! Cricket
- Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf, Khan's political party
- Chancellor: Imran Khan at the University of Bradford
- Column archive at The Guardian
- Imran Khan on Charlie Rose
- Imran Khan at the Internet Movie Database
- Works by or about Imran Khan in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
- Imran Khan collected news and commentary at The New York Times
- PTI to move SC against speaker's decision today, says Imran Khan, The News International, May 28, 2012]
- PTI will form next government, says Imran Khan, Geo News Pakistan]
- Articles
- The NS Interview: Imran Khan Mehdi Hasan, New Statesman, 20 August 2010
- Imran Khan's revolution, Murtaza Razvi, Dawn, 27 April 2011
- Imran Khan: Pakistan's next leader?, Frost Over the World, Aljazeera English, 10 December 2011
- Thousands rally for Pakistan's Imran Khan, Aljazeera English, 25 December 2011
- Hundreds of thousands gather at PTI rally in Karachi, Dawn, 25 December 2011
- Imran stands out, Adiah AfrazThe News International, 27 May 2012
- The Imran that we know Shafqat Mahmood, The News International, 27 May 2012
| Sporting positions | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Zaheer Abbas Zaheer Abbas Abdul Qadir |
Pakistan Cricket Captain 1982–1983 1985–1987 1989–1992 |
Succeeded by Sarfraz Nawaz Abdul Qadir Javed Miandad |
| Party political offices | ||
| Preceded by Party created |
Chairman of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf 1996–present |
Succeeded by Incumbent |
| Academic offices | ||
| Preceded by Baroness Lockwood |
Chancellor of the University of Bradford 2005–present |
Succeeded by Incumbent |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Khan, Imran |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 25 November 1952 |
| Place of birth | Lahore, Punjab |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Imran_Khan
Related pages:
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| File:Maulana Tariq Jameel.jpeg | |
| Born | 1953 |
|---|---|
| Era | Modern era |
| Region | Pakistan |
| School | Sunni Hanafi |
| Notable ideas | Basic principles and practices of Islam and Global brotherhood |
Maulana Tariq Jameel (Urdu: مولانا طارق جمیل) (born 1953) is an Islamic scholar from Pakistan.[1] His native town is Tulambah near Mian Channu. His father was an agriculturist who belonged to the Muslim Rajputs community.[citation needed]
Tariq Jameel was born and raised in Mian Channu. In his childhood he lived a relatively modest life but religion was not a major part of his life and his family in particular. It wasn't until he pursued his M.B.B.S. in Lahore that his focus shifted towards Islam. After completing his Higher Secondary School education (a.k.a. F.Sc in some regions of Pakistan) in pre-medical (equivalent to A 'levels') from Government College, Lahore, he took admission in King Edward Medical College in Lahore. He intended to do his M.B.B.S., but he soon switched to Islamic education. He then went on to receive Islamic education from Jamia Arabia, Raiwind (near Lahore), Pakistan where he studied Quran, Hadith, Sharia, Tasawwuf, logic and Fiqh.[citation needed]
Contents |
Transition towards Islam[link]
His proclivity towards Islam grew during hostel life in Lahore and can mainly be attributed to the group members of Tablighi Jamaat who he became friends with during his college life.[citation needed]
Rise to prominence[link]
He has a simple style of elaborating the purpose of human life and its creation and often uses scientific examples to support his argument. He has delivered lectures to all types of communities in the society with the attendees being doctors, engineers, professors, businessmen, landlords, government officials, TV/film artists, ministers/politicians and sports celebrities.[citation needed]
Islamic teachings[link]
Tariq Jameel’s lectures incorporate a wide range of issues of Islam and social concern. He especially emphasizes on self-purification, avoidance of violent ways, observance of Allah’s orders and to follow the Prophet [[Muhammad PBUH's sunnah. He is a staunch critic of moral degeneration, indecent practices and shamelessness.[citation needed]
References[link]
Maulana Tariq Jameel Latest Bayan
- ^ "Hundreds of thousands attend Tableeghi Ijtema in Raiwind". 2008-10-19. http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=141819. Retrieved 2009-08-01. [dead link]
External links[link]
- Maulana Tariq Jameel Video Bayan
- Maulana Tariq Jameel (Also Molana Tariq Jamil) Urdu MP3 Islamic Lectures Bayans
- Latest Lectures of Maulana Tariq Jameel from in HQ MP3 Format
- A complete list of all of Maulana Tariq Jamils speeches. Over 1250 Lectures
- Tariq Jamil Web Site
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Jamil, Maulana Tariq Sahib |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 1953 |
| Place of birth | not specified |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Tariq_Jameel
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariq_Jameel
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan | |
|---|---|
| Khan performing at Royal Albert Hall, United Kingdom Khan performing at Royal Albert Hall, United Kingdom |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Pervez Fateh Ali Khan |
| Born | (1948-10-13)13 October 1948 Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan |
| Died | August 16, 1997(1997-08-16) (aged 48) London, England |
| Genres | Qawwali, Ghazal, Fusion |
| Occupations | Musician |
| Instruments | Vocals, harmonium |
| Years active | 1965–1997 |
| Labels | Real World, OSA, EMI, Virgin Records |
Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan (Punjabi: نصرت فتح علی خان (Shahmukhī)) (October 13, 1948 – August 16, 1997), a world-renowned Pakistani musician, was primarily a singer of Qawwali, the devotional music of the Sufis (a mystical tradition within Islam). Considered one of the greatest singers ever recorded, he possessed a six-octave vocal range[citation needed] and could perform at a high level of intensity for several hours.[1] Extending the 600-year old Qawwali tradition of his family, Khan is widely credited with introducing Sufi music to international audiences.[2][3] He was popularly known as "Shahenshah-e-Qawwali", meaning "The King of Kings of Qawwali".[4]
Born in Faisalabad, Pakistan, Khan had his first public performance at age of 16, at his father's chelum. He officially became the head of the family qawwali party in 1971, and was signed by Oriental Star Agencies (OSA), Birmingham, U.K., in the early 1980s. In subsequent years, Khan released movie scores and albums for various labels in Pakistan, Europe, Japan and the U.S. He engaged in collaborations and experiments with Western artists, becoming a well-known world music artist in the process. He toured extensively, performing in over 40 countries.[5]
Contents |
Biography[link]
Early life and career[link]
Khan was born on October 13, 1948 in the city of Lyallpur (now Faisalabad), Pakistan. He was the fifth child and first son of Fateh Ali Khan, a musicologist, vocalist, instrumentalist, and Qawwal. Khan's family, which included four older sisters and a younger brother, Farrukh Fateh Ali Khan, grew up in central Lyallpur. Initially, his father did not want Khan to follow the family's vocation. He had his heart set on Khan choosing a much more respectable career path and becoming a doctor, because he felt Qawwali artists had low social status. However, Khan showed such an aptitude for, and interest in, Qawwali that his father finally relented.[6] Khan began by learning to play tabla alongside his father before progressing to learn Raag Vidya and Bol Bandish. He then went on to learn to sing within the classical framework of khayal. Khan's training with his father was cut short when his father died in 1964, leaving Khan's paternal uncles, Mubarak Ali Khan and Salamat Ali Khan, to complete his training. His first performance was at a traditional graveside ceremony for his father, known as chehlum, which took place forty days after his father's death.
In 1971, after the death of Mubarak Ali Khan, Khan became the official leader of the family Qawwali party and the party became known as Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, Mujahid Mubarak Ali Khan & Party. Khan's first public performance as the leader of the Qawwali party was at a studio recording broadcast as part of an annual music festival organised by Radio Pakistan, known as Jashn-e-Baharan. Khan sang mainly in Urdu and Punjabi and occasionally in Persian, Braj Bhasha and Hindi. His first major hit in Pakistan was the song Haq Ali Ali, which was performed in a traditional style and with traditional instrumentation. The song featured restrained use of Khan's sargam improvisations.
In 1979, Khan married his first cousin, Naheed (the daughter of Fateh Ali Khan's brother, Salamat Ali Khan); they had one daughter, Nida.[7]
Early in his career, Khan was signed up by Oriental Star Agencies in the U.K. to their Star Cassette Label. OSA sponsored regular concert tours by Khan to the U.K. from the early '80s onwards, and released much of this live material on cassette, CD, videotape and DVD.G
Later career[link]
In the 1992–93 academic year, Khan was a Visiting Artist in the Ethnomusicology department at the University of Washington, Seattle.[8]
Khan teamed with Peter Gabriel on the soundtrack to The Last Temptation of Christ in 1985, with Canadian musician Michael Brook on the albums Mustt Mustt (1990) and Night Song (1996),[9] and with Pearl Jam lead singer Eddie Vedder in 1995 on two songs for the soundtrack to Dead Man Walking. One of these songs ("The Long Road") was re-used on the soundtrack for Eat Pray Love in 2010. Khan also contributed to the soundtrack of Natural Born Killers. He composed the music for the 1994 film Bandit Queen in collaboration with Roger White.
Peter Gabriel's Real World label later released five albums of Khan's traditional Qawwali, together with some of his experimental work which included the albums Mustt Mustt and Star Rise. Khan provided vocals for The Prayer Cycle, which was put together by Jonathan Elias, but died before the vocals could be completed. Alanis Morissette was brought in to sing with his unfinished vocals. Khan also collabrated with Michael Brook to create music for the song "Sweet Pain" used in the movie Any Given Sunday. He also performed traditional Qawwali before international audiences at several WOMAD world music festivals and the single "Dam Mast Qalandar" was remixed by electronic trip hop group Massive Attack in 1998.
His album Intoxicated Spirit was nominated for a Grammy award in 1997 for best traditional folk album.
Khan contributed songs to, and performed in, several Pakistani films. Shortly before his death, he recorded a song each for two Bollywood films, Aur Pyaar Ho Gaya (in which he also sang the song onscreen) and Kachche Dhaage. He sang the title song of the film Dhadkan. He also sang "Saya bhi saath jab chhod jaye" for Sunny Deol's movie Dillagi. The song was released in 1999, two years after Khan's death.
Khan contributed the song "Gurus of Peace" to the album Vande Mataram, composed by A. R. Rahman, and released to celebrate the 50th anniversary of India's independence. Rahman, who was a big fan of Khan could not do further songs with him. As a tribute, Rahman later released an album titled Gurus of Peace, which featured "Allah Hoo" by Khan. Rahman's 2007 song "Tere Bina" was also done as a tribute to Khan.[10]
After his death, the song "Solemn Prayer", on which Khan provided vocals, was used on the Peter Gabriel song "Signal to Noise" (on the album Up), and on the soundtrack to the Martin Scorsese film Gangs of New York.
According to the Guinness Book of World Records, Khan Fateh Ali Khan holds the world record for the largest recorded output by a Qawwali artist—a total of 125 albums as of 2001.
Death[link]
Khan was taken ill with kidney and liver failure on August 11, 1997 in London, England, while on the way to Los Angeles in order to receive a kidney transplant. He died of a sudden cardiac arrest at Cromwell Hospital, London, on Saturday, August 16, 1997, aged 48.[11] His body was returned to Faisalabad, Pakistan, and his funeral was attended by the public.
Composition of Nusrat's qawwali party[link]
The composition of Khan's ensemble, called a "party" (or "Humnawa" in Urdu), changed over its 26 years. Listed below is a snapshot of the party, circa 1983:
- Mujahid Mubarak Ali Khan: Khan's first cousin, vocals
- Farrukh Fateh Ali Khan: Khan's brother, vocals and lead harmonium
- Rehmat Ali: vocals and second harmonium
- Maqsood Hussain: vocals
- Rahat Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan: Khan's nephew and pupil, vocals
- Dildar Hussain: percussion
- Majawar Abbas: mandolin and guitar/chorus, handclapping
- Mohammed Iqbal Naqvi: secretary of the party, chorus, handclapping
- Asad Ali: chorus, handclapping. Khan's cousin
- Ghulam Farid: chorus, handclapping
- Kaukab Ali: chorus, handclapping
The one significant member of the party who does not appear on this list is Atta Fareed. For many years, he alternated with Rehmat Ali on vocals and second harmonium. He is easily identifiable in videos since he plays the harmonium left-handed.
This snapshot is non-representative in one respect: harmoniums were usually the only instruments. Only rarely were instruments like mandolin or guitar used.
Awards and titles[link]
Khan is widely considered to be the most important qawwal in history.[12][13] In 1987, Khan received the President of Pakistan’s Award for Pride of Performance for his contribution to Pakistani music.[8][14] In 1995 he received the UNESCO Music Prize.[15][16] In 1996 he was awarded Grand Prix des Amériques at Montreal World Film Festival for exceptional contribution to the art of cinema.[17] In 2005, Khan was awarded the "Legends" award at the UK Asian Music Awards.[18] Time magazine's issue of November 6, 2006, "60 Years of Asian Heroes", lists him as one of the top 12 artists and thinkers in the last 60 years.[19] He also appeared on NPR's 50 Great Voices list in 2010.[20] In August 2010 he was included in CNN's list of the twenty most iconic musicians from the past fifty years.[21]
Many honorary titles were bestowed upon Khan during his 25-year music career. He was given the title of Ustad after performing classical music at a function in Lahore on his father's death anniversary.[22]
Tributes, legacy and influence[link]
Alexandra A. Seno of Asiaweek wrote:[23]
Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan's voice was otherworldly. For 25 years, his mystical songs transfixed millions. It was not long enough ... He performed qawali, which means wise or philosophical utterance, as nobody else of his generation did. His vocal range, talent for improvisation and sheer intensity were unsurpassed.
Jeff Buckley cited Khan as a major influence, saying of him "He's my Elvis", and performing the first few minutes of Khan's hit "Yeh Jo Halka Halka Suroor Hai" (including vocals) at live concerts.[24][25] Many other artists have also cited Khan as an influence, such as A. R. Rahman,[26] Sheila Chandra,[27] and Alim Qasimov.[28]
Paul Williams picked a concert performance by Khan for inclusion in his 2000 book The 20th Century's Greatest Hits: a 'top-40' list, in which he devotes a chapter each to what he considers the top 40 artistic achievements of the 20th century in any field (including art, movies, music, fiction, non-fiction, science-fiction).[29]
In 2008, Khan was listed in 14th position in UGO's list of the best singers of all time.[30]
In 2004, a tribute band called (Brooklyn Qawwali Party) (formerly Brook's Qawwali Party) was formed in New York City by percussionist Brook Martinez to perform the music of Khan. The 13-piece group still performs mostly instrumental jazz versions of Khan's qawwalis, using the instruments conventionally associated with jazz rather than those associated with qawwali.[31]
Films[link]
Documentaries[link]
- Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan: le dernier prophète (1996). Directed by Jérôme de Missolz.
- Nusrat has Left the Building... But When? (1997). Directed by Farjad Nabi. (This 20-minute docudrama focuses on Khan's early career.)
- A Voice from Heaven (1999). Directed by Giuseppe Asaro. New York, NY: Winstar TV & Video. (This 75-minute documentary, available on VHS and DVD, provides an introduction to Khan's life and work.)
- Samandar Main Samandar (2007). A documentary aired on Geo TV detailing Khan's career.
- The King of Qawalli (2009). A short film aired on Dawn News about Khan's life and career.
Concert films[link]
- The JVC Video Anthology of World Music and Dance (1990). Video 14 (of 30) (South Asia IV). Produced by Ichikawa Katsumori; directed by Nakagawa Kunikiko and Ichihashi Yuji; in collaboration with the National Museum of Ethnology, Osaka. [Tokyo]: JVC, Victor Company of Japan; Cambridge, Massachusetts: distributed by Rounder Records. Features a studio performance by Khan and Party (two Urdu-language songs: a Hamd, and a Manqabat for Khwaja Mu`inuddin Chishti. Filmed in Tokyo, Japan, September 20, 1987, for Asian Traditional Performing Arts).
- Nusrat! Live at Meany (1998). Produced by the University of Washington. (87-minute recording of a January 23, 1993 concert at Meany Hall, University of Washington in Seattle, during Khan's residency at the Ethnomusicology Program there.)
- Live in Concert in the U.K. (DVD, vols. 1–17) [OSA]; recorded between 1983 and 1993; first thirteen listed below:
- Live in Concert in UK (DVD vol. 1)
- Live in Concert (DVD vol. 2)
- Live in Concert (DVD vol. 3)
- Live in UK (DVD vol. 4)
- Live in UK (DVD vol. 5)
- Live in Concert (DVD vol. 6)
- Live in UK (DVD vol. 7)
- Live in UK (DVD vol. 8)
- Live in UK (DVD vol. 9)
- Live in UK (DVD vol. 10)
- Live in UK (DVD vol. 11)
- Digbeth Birmingham 12 November 1983 (DVD vol. 12)
- Digbeth 30 October 1983 (DVD vol. 13)
- Akhiyan Udeek Diyan (DVD) [Nupur Audio]
- Je Tun Rab Nu Manauna (DVD) [Nupur Audio]
- Yaadan Vicchre Sajan Diyan Aayiyan (DVD) [Nupur Audio]
- Rang-e-Nusrat (DVD, vols. 1–11) [Music Today]; recorded between 1983 and 1993 (same material as the OSA DVDs)
- VHS videotapes, vols. 1–21 [OSA]; recorded between 1983 and 1993 (same material as the OSA DVDs)
- Luxor Cinema Birmingham (VHS vol. 1, 1979)
- Digbeth Birmingham (VHS vol. 2, 1983)
- St. Francis Hall Birmingham (VHS vol. 3, 1983)
- Royal Oak Birmingham (VHS vol. 4, 1983)
- Private Mehfil (Wallace Lawley Centre, Lozells Birmingham, November 1983) (VHS vol. 5)
- Private Mehfil (VHS vol. 6, 1983)
- Natraj Cinema Leicester (VHS vol. 7, 1983)
- Live In Southall (VHS vol. 8)
- Live In Bradford (VHS vol. 9, 1983)
- Live In Birmingham (VHS vol. 10, 1985)
- Allah Ditta Hall (VHS vol. 11, 1985)
- Harrow Leisure Centre (VHS vol. 12)
- University Of Aston (VHS vol. 13, 1988)
- Aston University (VHS vol. 14, 1988)
- WOMAD Festival Bracknell (VHS vol. 15, 1988)
- Live In Paris (VHS vol. 16, 1988)
- Poplar Civic Centre London (VHS vol. 17)
- Imperial Hotel Birmingham (VHS vol. 18, 1985)
- Slough Gurdawara (SHABADS) (VHS vol. 19)
- Imran Khan Cancer Appeal (VHS vol. 20)
- Town Hall Birmingham (VHS vol. 21, 1993)
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ A Tribute By Ustad Ghulam Haider Khan, Friday Times
- ^ "Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan". Worldmusic.nationalgeographic.com. 2002-10-17. http://worldmusic.nationalgeographic.com/view/page.basic/artist/content.artist/nusrat_fateh_ali_khan_28502. Retrieved 2011-12-16.
- ^ "World Music Legends Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan". Globalrhythm.net. http://www.globalrhythm.net/WorldMusicLegends/NusratFatehAliKhan.cfm. Retrieved 2011-12-16.
- ^ Hommage à Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan (liner notes by Pierre-Alain Baud), 1999, Network, Germany.
- ^ Amit Baruah; R. Padmanabhan (6 September 1997). "The stilled voice". Frontline. http://www.hindu.com/fline/fl1418/14181230.htm. Retrieved 2011-06-30.
- ^ "Ustad Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan: A tribute, Hindustan Times". http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/music/Ustad-Nusrat-Fateh-Ali-Khan-A-tribute/Article1-733869.aspx.
- ^ Ahmed Aqeel Ruby, Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan: A Living Legend, translated by Sajjad Haider Malik, Lahore: Words of Wisdom, (1992)
- ^ a b "Official biography, University of Washington". Music.washington.edu. 1997-08-16. http://www.music.washington.edu/ethno/nusrat.html. Retrieved 2011-12-16.
- ^ "Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan & Michael Brook: Mustt Mustt & Night Song". Allaboutjazz.com. 2008-01-05. http://www.allaboutjazz.com/php/article.php?id=28018. Retrieved 2011-12-16.
- ^ "Rahman on how the music of Guru was born". The Telegraph. http://www.telegraphindia.com/1061222/asp/etc/story_7144101.asp. Retrieved 18 February 2007.
- ^ Rose, Cynthia (1997-08-19). "Nusrat's Passing Leaves Void In The Music World". Seattle Times. http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19970819&slug=2555510. Retrieved 2011-12-16.
- ^ Ken Hunt. Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan: Biography. Allmusic.
- ^ Virginia Gorlinski. Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan. Encyclopædia Britannica.
- ^ "Utterance | Rizwan-Muazzam Qawwali". Red-lines.co.uk. http://www.red-lines.co.uk/utterance/nusrat.htm. Retrieved 2011-12-16.
- ^ "International Music Council – Prize laureates 1975–2004". Imc-cim.org. 2008-10-16. http://www.imc-cim.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=74. Retrieved 2011-12-16.
- ^ "Previous winners of the UNESCO Music Prize". The Times (London). September 18, 2008. http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/music/article4781140.ece?token=null&offset=60&page=6.
- ^ http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0002163/awards
- ^ "Artists unite to celebrate British Asian Music". http://www.wass-up.com/ukama2005.php. Retrieved 24 August 2010.
- ^ Baker, Aryn (2006-11-13). "Asian Heroes: Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan". Time. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1554964,00.html. Retrieved 2011-12-16.
- ^ Danna, Mychael. "Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan: The Voice Of Pakistan". NPR. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=123973589. Retrieved 2011-12-16.
- ^ "Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan – Nominated One Of The 20 Most Iconic Musicians From The Past 50 Years". Real World Records. 2010-08-10. http://realworldrecords.com/news/nusrat-fateh-ali-khan-nominated-one-of-the-20-most-iconic-musicians-from-the-past-50-years. Retrieved 2011-12-16.
- ^ Lok Virsa – Ustad Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan Qawal & Party, Vol. 1, Moviebox Birmingham Ltd (2007).
- ^ Asiaweek: Unforgettable. CNN.
- ^ Buckley, Jeff. Live at Sin-é (Legacy Edition). Sony Music (2003).
- ^ "Mojo Pin - Jeff's Dedication to Khan". Liquidgnome.com. http://www.liquidgnome.com/JeffBuckley/nusrat.html. Retrieved 2012-04-10.
- ^ A. R. Rahman: Allmusic
- ^ Sheila Chandra: Allmusic
- ^ Alim Qasimov: Allmusic
- ^ "The 20th Century's Greatest Hits: A Top 40 List of art". Adherents.com. http://www.adherents.com/people/20th_Century_Greatest_Art.html. Retrieved 2011-12-16.
- ^ "Best Singers of All Time". ugo.com. http://www.ugo.com/music/best-singers-nusrat-fateh-ali-khan. Retrieved 2011-12-16.
- ^ "bqpmusic.com". Brooklynqawwaliparty.com. http://www.brooklynqawwaliparty.com/html/about.php. Retrieved 2011-12-16.
Additional reading[link]
- Baud, Pierre-Alain. Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, The Messenger of Qawwali. Editions Demi-Lune, 2008. (A biography of Nusrat)
External links[link]
 |
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan |
- Article with brief 1993 interview (edwebproject.org)
- King of Qawali documentary on YouTube
- NPR Audio Report: Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan: The Voice Of Pakistan
- Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan at the Internet Movie Database
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Khan, Nusrat Fateh Ali |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Pakistani musician |
| Date of birth | October 13, 1948 |
| Place of birth | Faisalabad, Pakistan |
| Date of death | August 16, 1997 |
| Place of death | London, England |
http://wn.com/Nusrat_Fateh_Ali_Khan
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan
http://id.wn.com/Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan
http://es.wn.com/Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan
http://nl.wn.com/Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan
http://pt.wn.com/Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan
http://pl.wn.com/Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan
http://fr.wn.com/Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan
http://ru.wn.com/Нусрат Фатех Али Хан
http://de.wn.com/Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan
http://hi.wn.com/नुसरत फतह अली खान
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusrat_Fateh_Ali_Khan
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
|
|
This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (July 2008) |
| Junaid Jamshed | |
|---|---|
| File:Junaid-Jamshed.jpeg | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | جنید جمشید |
| Also known as | JJ (pronounced as Jay Jay) |
| Born | (1964-09-03) September 3, 1964 (age 47) Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan |
| Genres | Pop music (1987-2001) Hamds/Naats (2002-present) |
| Occupations | Musician, songwriter (1987-2001) Naat Khawan (2002-present) |
| Instruments | Vocals |
| Associated acts | Vital Signs (1987-1994) |
| Website | Official Website |
Junaid Jamshed (Urdu: جنید جمشید; born September 3, 1964) is a Pakistani recording artist who gained fame as the frontman of the pop group, Vital Signs in 1987 with the hit song, "Dil Dil Pakistan", and remained in demand throughout the 1990s. In 1994, he released his debut solo album, Junaid of Vital Signs, which also quickly became a national hit, followed by Us Rah Par in 1999 and Dil Ki Baat in 2000
Since then, he has focused on Islam and concentrated on reciting nasheeds. His debut religious album, Jalwa-e-Janan was released in 2005 and was followed by Mehboob-e-Yazdaan in 2006, Badr-ud-Duja in 2008, and Badee-uz-Zaman in 2009. He also runs a boutique with the name "J.", read as "Jay Dot", which has several outlets all over Pakistan.
Contents |
Early life and education[link]
Junaid Jamshed is the son of Pakistan Air Force Group Captain (retired) Jamshed Akber Khan and Nafeesa Akber Khan.[1] Jamshed wanted to join Pakistan Air Force as a fighter pilot. He studied pre-engineering before joining University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore where he completed his university degree, graduating in 1990.[2] Despite joining the Pakistan Air Force, he moved on to a career in Aeronautical Engineering due to his weak eyesight.[3]
Music career[link]
Vital Signs[link]
Though the band Vital Signs was launched in early 1986 in Rawalpindi by record producer Rohail Hyatt and bassist Shahzad Hasan (Shahi), it wasn't until later when Jamshed, then a young aeronautical engineering student from Lahore, joined them as their lead singer.[4] Though their debut hit single, "Dil Dil Pakistan", released on 14 August 1987, skyrocketed them into fame, the song's success was not seen by him as something that would turn him into a professional musician. Jamshed, who wanted to become a professional engineer, initially didn't want to have anything to do with music other than just treating it as a hobby.[4]
However, Rohail and Shahzad soon managed to convince him otherwise.[5] After a string of chart-topping songs and albums, the band split in 1994 and Jamshed began a solo career, achieving increasing commercial success.[6]
Solo career[link]
Jamshed released his first solo album, Junaid of Vital Signs in 1994. The album's name was later changed to Tumhara Aur Mera Naam. This was followed by Us Rah Par in 1999. Us Rah Par went on to become one of the best selling albums of that year. The album included several tracks which were released as singles which became popular. They included such songs as, "Us Rah Par", "Na Tu Ayegi", "Aankhon Ko Aankhon Ney" and "O Sanama". In 2000, Jamshed released his next album, The Best of Junaid Jamshed, which contained remixes of some of the hit singles of the Vital Signs era. His last solo album, Dil Ki Baat, was released in 2001.
In 2003, BBC World Service conducted an international poll to choose ten most famous songs of all time. Around 7000 songs were selected from all over the world. According to BBC, people from 155 countries/territories voted in the poll. "Dil Dil Pakistan" was ranked third among the top 10 songs.[7]
In 2004, Jamshed renounced music and devoted his life to Islam.[8] To supplement his income, he opened a clothing store "J.", selling Khaadis (a form of Kurta-Shalwar).
Influence[link]
In 1987, Jamshed took Pakistani media by storm with his band's hit patriotic number "Dil Dil Pakistan", viewed as one of the most popular songs of all time.{{by whom|date=November 2011}http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/us/features/topten/} This was a turning point in Pakistan's music history which ushered in a new era of pop music. Fourteen years later, he announced his retirement from music[4] and devoted a significant amount of his time to religious preaching.[9] Jamshed now sings Urdu and English nasheeds.
Charity work[link]
Jamshed is also actively involved in charity work and has been associated with the NGO Muslim Charity since 2003. Under the leadership of Jamshed, Muslim Charity has made a significant impact since then, and which has in the last few years and expanded its operations to 17 countries.[citation needed]
Discography[link]
With Vital Signs[link]
- 1989: Vital Signs 1
- 1991: Vital Signs 2
- 1993: Aitebar
- 1995: Hum Tum
Solo Pop Albums[link]
- 1994 - Junaid of Vital Signs (تمہارا اور میرا نام), renamed Tumhara Aur Mera Naam
- 1999 - Us Rah Par (اس راہ پر)
- 2000 - The Best of Junaid Jamshed
- 2001 - Dil Ki Baat (دل کی بات)
[edit] Nasheed Albums[10]
- 2005 - Jalwa-e-Janan (جلوہ جاناں) (English: The Sight of the Beloved)
- 2006 - Mehbob-e-Yazdan (English: The Beloved of God)
- 2007 - Badr ud Duja (English: The Night's Full Moon)
- 2008 - Yad-e-Haram
- 2009 - Rehmat Ul Lil Aalamin
- 2009 - Badi uz Zaman (English: the wonder of the age)
- 2010 - Hadi Ul Anaam (English: The Guide To The World)
See also[link]
Dil Badal de
References[link]
- ^ "Junaid Jamshed". Livevision. http://www.livevisionusa.com/junaidinterviews.htm. Retrieved 2011-02-15.
- ^ "Prominent Alumni". Uet.edu.pk. http://www.uet.edu.pk/alumni/alumniinfo/index.html?RID=alumni_prominent. Retrieved 2011-02-15.
- ^ About Junaid Jamshed. Junaidjamshed.info
- ^ a b c "Personality of the Week program: Mr. Junaid Jamshed". Kalpoint.com. http://education.kalpoint.com/pow/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=115. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
- ^ Chowk:\ Vital Signs: A Personal History
- ^ "Junaid Jamshed History". Myspace. http://www.myspace.com/myworld_jj. Retrieved 26 June 2010.
- ^ "The Worlds Top Ten". BBC World Service. http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/us/features/topten. Retrieved 26 June 2010.
- ^ Declan Walsh, "Never mind the Taliban – Pakistan's youth put their faith in rock'n'roll", The Guardian, 2009-09-01
- ^ "I Was a Sinner for Years: Junaid Jamshed". Qantara.de. http://www.qantara.de/webcom/show_article.php/_c-478/_nr-395/i.html. Retrieved 26 June 2010.
- ^ Link text, additional text.
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Junaid Jamshed |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Jamshed, Junaid |
| Alternative names | جنید جمشید (Urdu) |
| Short description | Pakistani recording artist |
| Date of birth | 3 September 1964 |
| Place of birth | Karachi, Sindh |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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Faisalabad, (Urdu: فیصل آباد) formerly known as Lyallpur, is the third largest metropolis in Pakistan, the second largest in the province of Punjab after Lahore, and a major industrial center in the heart of Pakistan.
Nicknamed the Manchester of Asia, Faisalabad remains an important industrial city west of Lahore. The city-district of Faisalabad is bound on the north by the districts of Hafizabad and Chiniot, on the east by Nankana Sahib, on the south by Sahiwal, and Toba Tek Singh and on the west by Jhang.
The city is at a road and railway junction, which has played an influential role in the development of Faisalabad's trade and economy. The surrounding countryside, irrigated by the Lower Chenab River, has seen expanded production of cotton, wheat, sugarcane, vegetables, and fruits, which form 55% of Pakistan's exports. The city is an industrial centre with major railway repair yards, engineering works, and mills that process sugar, flour, and oil seed. Produce includes superphosphates, cotton and silk textiles, hosiery, dyes, industrial chemicals, beverages, apparels, pulp and paper, printing, agricultural equipment, and ghee (clarified butter). Faisalabad is the site of the prestigious University of Agriculture, founded in 1909.
