Matra

File:Matra logo.gif
Full name	Mecanique-Aviation-Traction
Base	Vélizy-Villacoublay, Paris, France
Founder(s)	Jean-Luc Lagardère
Noted staff	Gérard Ducarouge Ken Tyrrell Bernard Boyer
Noted drivers	Henri Pescarolo Jackie Stewart Jean-Pierre Beltoise Chris Amon
Formula One World Championship career
Debut	1967 Monaco Grand Prix
Races competed	61
Constructors' Championships	1 (1969)
Drivers' Championships	1 (1969)
Race victories	9
Pole positions	4
Fastest laps	12
Final race	1972 United States Grand Prix

Mécanique Aviation Traction or Matra (Mécanique Aviation TRAction) was a French company covering a wide range of activities mainly related to automobile, bicycles, aeronautics and weaponry. In 1994, it became a subsidiary of the Lagardère Group and now operates under that name.

Matra was owned by the Floirat family. The name Matra became famous in the 1960s when it went into car production by buying Automobiles René Bonnet. Matra Automobiles produced racing cars and sports cars, and was successful in racing.

Lagardère involvement[link]

By merging with various companies Matra CEO Jean-Luc Lagardère built around Matra a group diversified in media, weaponry, high technologies, aeronautics and formerly in automobiles and records production and distribution. Matra was privatized in 1988, with Lagardère holding 6% of the stock and by 1992 25%.

In 1992 the Lagardère Group was radically restructured; acquiring more shares in Matra from Floirat, Daimler Benz and GEC, and Hachette from Floirat, Crédit Lyonnais and Aberly. Lagardère merged Matra and Hachette to form Matra Hachette, of which Lagardère Group held 37.6%. Following a share swap in 1994 Lagardère held 93.3% of Matra Hachette’s stock. In 1996 Matra Hachette was formally merged into Lagardère.

Matra Hautes Technologies[link]

Matra Hautes Technologies (Matra High Technology) or MHT was the defence arm of Matra. The company was involved in aerospace, defence and telecommunications. In February 1999 Matra Hautes Technologies merged with Aérospatiale to form Aérospatiale-Matra. On July 10, 2000 Aérospatiale-Matra became part of EADS.

Divisions (as of Aérospatiale merger)[link]

• Matra Défense
• Matra Systèmes & Information
• Matra BAe Dynamics (50% British Aerospace), formed in 1996, Matra BAe Dynamics brought together the missile business of BAe (BAe Dynamics) and half of the missile business of Matra Défense. (The other half remained as Aerospatiale Matra Missiles).
• Matra Marconi Space (49% GEC), was the space division of Matra which merged with the space operations of GEC (Marconi Space Systems) in 1989 to form Matra Marconi Space. In 2000, it was merged with the space division of DaimlerChrysler Aerospace AG (DASA) to form Astrium. This was later renamed to EADS Astrium.
• Matra Nortel Communications (50% Nortel)

Matra road cars[link]

Matra 530

Matra Bagheera

The company was created following the acquisition of the brand Automobiles René Bonnet in 1965 by Jean-Luc Lagardere and disappeared in 2003.

The Matra name was first used for road cars with the Renault-powered Matra Djet (pronounced "Jet"), which was an update of the Bonnet Jet, the Djet was replaced with the Matra 530, Bagheera, the Murena and the Rancho, an early type of SUV.

In 1984 Renault launched the Matra built Espace minivan, the car became a big success.

After the failure of the Renault Avantime (designed and built by Matra), on February 27, 2003 Matra announced its intention to close its automobile factory in Romorantin-Lanthenay, with the factory closing a month later.

In September 2003, Pininfarina SpA acquired Matra Automobile's engineering, testing and prototype businesses. The company was subsequently named Matra Automobile Engineering. On January 13, 2009, Pininfarina sold its share in Matra Automobile Engineering to Segula Technologies.

Street models[link]

• Matra Djet
• Matra 530
• Matra 630
• Matra 650
• Matra 670
• Matra Bagheera
• Matra Murena
• Matra Rancho
• Renault Espace
• Renault Avantime

Matra racing history[link]

In the mid-1960s Matra enjoyed considerable success in Formula 3 and F2 racing with (especially) its MS5 monocoque-based car, winning the French and European championships. In 1967, Jacky Ickx famously amazed the F1 establishment by clocking in the 3rd-fastest qualifying time of 8:14" on the German Nürburgring in his 1600 cc MS5 F2, which was allowed to enter alongside the 3000 cc F1 cars. In the race, he failed to finish due to a broken suspension.

	1974 Matra-Simca MS670B (V12)
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Jackie Stewart in 1969 with a Matra-Ford at the Nürburgring. The car wears the blue racing colour of France.

François Cevert driving the Matra 670 sports prototype in the 1973 1000 km Nürburgring race.

V12 engine in a Matra MS11 F1, 1968.

Matra entered Formula One in 1968 when Jackie Stewart was a serious contender, winning several Grands Prix in the Tyrrell-run Matra MS10 which competed alongside the works team. The F1 team was established at Vélizy-Villacoublay in the southwestern suburbs of Paris, France. The car's most innovative feature was the use of aviation-inspired structural fuel tanks. These allowed the chassis to be around 15 kg (33 lb) lighter, while still being stronger than its competitors. The FIA considered the technology to be unsafe and decided to ban it for 1970.

Matra CEO Jean-Luc Lagardère made a radical strategic decision for the 1969 championship: The Matra works team would not compete in Formula One. Matra would instead focus its efforts on the Ken Tyrrell´s team (renamed Matra International) and build a new DFV powered car with structural fuel tanks, even though it would only be eligible for a single season. The decision was even more radical given that Matra was seeking a partnership with Simca, which would preclude using Ford-branded engines for the following year. Stewart won the 1969 title easily with the new Cosworth-powered Matra MS80, which was designed by Gérard Ducarouge and Bernard Boyer, and corrected most of the weaknesses of the MS10. It was a spectacular achievement from a constructor that had only entered Formula One the previous year. France became only the third country (after the United Kingdom and Italy) to have produced a winning constructor.

Like Cosworth, Lotus and McLaren, Matra experimented with four wheel drive during the 1969 season. Johnny Servoz-Gavin became the one and only driver to score a point with a 4WD car, finishing sixth with the Matra MS84 at the Canadian Grand Prix. The MS84, along with Brabham's BT26A, was one of the last spaceframe cars to compete in Formula One.

For 1970 following the agreement with Simca, Matra asked Tyrrell to use their V12 rather than the Cosworth. Stewart got to test the Matra V12, but since a large part of the Tyrrell budget was provided by Ford, and another significant sponsor was French state-owned petroleum company Elf, which had an agreement with Renault that precluded supporting a Simca partner, the partnership between Matra and Tyrrell ended.

Matra V12 engines powered the Ligier Formula 1 team from 1976–78, and again from 1981-82.

The firm was also successful in endurance racing with cars powered by the V12 engine. The Matra MS670 won the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1972, 1973, and 1974. It also delivered the World Championship for Makes to Matra in both 1973 and 1974.

Racing models[link]

• Matra MS7
• Matra MS9
• Matra MS10
• Matra MS11
• Matra MS80
• Matra MS84
• Matra MS120
• Matra MS120B
• Matra MS120C
• Matra MS120D
• Matra MS630
• Matra MS640
• Matra MS650
• Matra MS670B
• Matra MS670C

Successes[link]

The F1 Matra MS80 victorious in 1969

• 334 races, all categories, spanning 10 years
• 124 victories, 104 lap records
• 1 Formula One World Drivers' Championship (1969, Jackie Stewart, MS80)
• 1 Formula One World Constructors' Championship (1969, Matra-Elf International)
• 5 French Formula Two Championships (1966-1967-1968-1969-1970)
• 3 European Formula Two Championships (1967-1968-1969)
• 3 French Formula Three Championships (1965-1966-1967)
• 2 World Championship for Makes (1973–1974)
• 3 victories at 24 Hours of Le Mans (1972-1973-1974)
• 2 victories at Tour de France Automobile (1970–1971)

Other activities[link]

• Matra produced a home computer, the Matra Alice.
• Matra created an automatic (driverless) light rubber-tired metro, the VAL
• Matra attempted, and failed to produce a personal rapid transit system, Aramis.
• Matra makes the Matra i-step runner and city electric bicycles.^[1]

Complete Formula One World Championship results[link]

(key) (results in bold indicate pole position; results in italics indicate fastest lap)

Year	Entrant/s	Chassis/	Engine	Tyres	Driver/s	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	Points	WCC
1967						RSA	MON	NED	BEL	FRA	GBR	GER	CAN	ITA	USA	MEX			0	-
	Matra Sports	Matra MS7	Ford Straight-4	D	Johnny Servoz-Gavin		Ret
					Jean-Pierre Beltoise		DNQ								7	7
1968						RSA	ESP	MON	BEL	NED	FRA	GBR	GER	ITA	CAN	USA	MEX		8	9th1
	Matra Sports	Matra MS11	Matra V12	D	Henri Pescarolo										Ret	DNS	9
					Jean-Pierre Beltoise			Ret	8	2	9	Ret	Ret	5	Ret	Ret	Ret
		Matra MS7	Ford Straight-4			6													45	3rd1
	Matra International	Matra MS9 Matra MS10	Ford Cosworth DFV	D	Jackie Stewart	Ret	Inj	Inj	4	1	3	6	1	Ret	6	1	7
					Jean-Pierre Beltoise		5
					Johnny Servoz-Gavin			Ret						2	Ret		Ret
1969						RSA	ESP	MON	NED	FRA	GBR	GER	ITA	CAN	USA	MEX			66	1st
	Matra International	Matra MS10 Matra MS80 Matra MS84	Ford Cosworth DFV	D	Jackie Stewart	1	1	Ret	1	1	1	2	1	Ret	Ret	4
					Jean-Pierre Beltoise	6	3	Ret	8	2	9	12	3	4	Ret	5
					Johnny Servoz-Gavin									6	NC	8
1970						RSA	ESP	MON	BEL	NED	FRA	GBR	GER	AUT	ITA	CAN	USA	MEX	23	6th
	Equipe Matra Elf	Matra-Simca MS120	Matra V12	G	Jean-Pierre Beltoise	4	Ret	Ret	3	5	13	Ret	Ret	6	3	8	Ret	5
					Henri Pescarolo	7	Ret	3	6	8	5	Ret	6	14	Ret	7	8	9
1971						RSA	ESP	MON	NED	FRA	GBR	GER	AUT	ITA	CAN	USA			9	7th
	Equipe Matra Sports	Matra-Simca MS120B Matra-Simca MS120	Matra V12	G	Jean-Pierre Beltoise		6	Ret	9	7	7				Ret	8
					Chris Amon	5	3	Ret	Ret	5	Ret	Ret		6	10	12
1972						ARG	RSA	ESP	MON	BEL	FRA	GBR	GER	AUT	ITA	CAN	USA		12	8th
	Equipe Matra	Matra-Simca MS120C Matra-Simca MS120D	Matra V12	G	Chris Amon	Ret	15	Ret	6	6	3	4	15	5	Ret	6	15

¹ In the 1968 Constructors' Championship, Matra-Ford finished 3rd (45 points), Matra(-Matra) finished 9th (8 points)

References[link]

External links[link]

• http://www.matra.com/
• http://www.matraclub.com/
• http://www.matrasport.dk/
• http://www.matra-automobile.com/en/
• History of Renault Espace includes opinions about demise of Matra
• http://www.epaf.fr Restoration & rebuild of Matra competition cars

Jacques Laffite

Born	(1943-11-21) 21 November 1943 (age 68)
Formula One World Championship career
Nationality	French
Active years	1974 - 1986
Teams	Iso Marlboro, Ligier, Williams
Races	180 (176 starts)
Championships	0
Wins	6
Podiums	32
Career points	228
Pole positions	7
Fastest laps	7 [1][2][3][4][5]
First race	1974 German Grand Prix
First win	1977 Swedish Grand Prix
Last win	1981 Canadian Grand Prix
Last race	1986 British Grand Prix

Jacques-Henri Laffite (born in Paris, 21 November 1943) is a French former racing driver who competed in Formula One from 1974 to 1986. He achieved six grand prix wins, all while driving for the Ligier team. He is now a TV commentator on French television TF1.

Formula One career[link]

Laffite debuted in Formula One in 1974 for Frank Williams' Iso Marlboro team. The following year he raced for the same team, now named Williams, scoring a 2nd place in the German Grand Prix at the Nürburgring.

Laffite's 1979 Ligier JS11 being demonstrated at the 2008 Goodwood Festival of Speed

Laffite demonstrating the Ligier JS19 chassis at the 1982 Pau Grand Prix

In 1976 Laffite moved to the French Ligier team, scoring 20 points and a pole position at the Italian Grand Prix. The next two seasons were transitional, although he managed to win his first Grand Prix at Anderstorp in the 1977 Swedish Grand Prix.

The 1979 season opened with Laffite winning the first two races. He fought for the World Championship title until the last races, but eventually placed only 4th, with 36 points. The following two seasons were similar, with two more 4th places in the Championship and a further 3 victories. In 1982, however, Laffite finished only 17th in the final classification, with only 5 points scored.

Results in the next two seasons weren't much better, when he moved back to England, again to race for Williams (11 and 5 points, respectively). Now in his forties, Laffite returned to Ligier in 1985: in that season he was on the podium three times (Great Britain, Germany and Australia), for a total of 16 points. In 1986 he scored 14 points including two more podium finishes in the first half of the season, but he broke both legs in a crash at the start of the British Grand Prix at Brands Hatch, and thereafter retired from Formula One. The race was stopped and restarted without Laffite, who subsequently ended his career, taking the accolade of tying with Graham Hill for the most Grand Prix starts. He was the most successful driver in Ligier's history, having taken six of their nine wins.

Post-Formula One career[link]

Laffite recovered from his injuries and later raced in touring cars. He is now a television commentator for the French network TF1, best known for his reaction to the incident at the 1997 European Grand Prix in which Michael Schumacher collided with Jacques Villeneuve, and Laffite reacted with curse words on live television.

In October 2008, at the age of 64, he tested a Renault R27 F1 car at the Paul Ricard circuit.^[6]

Racing record[link]

Complete European Formula Two Championship results[link]

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

^† Jacques laffite was ineligible points as he already scored points in F1.

Complete Formula One World Championship results[link]

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position, races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Complete 24 Hours of Le Mans results[link]

Year	Class	No	Tyres	Car	Team	Co-Drivers	Laps	Pos.	Class Pos.
1972	S 3.0	22		Ligier JS2 Maserati 3.0L V6	Automobiles Ligier	Pierre Maublanc	195	DNF	DNF
1973	S 3.0	62		Ligier JS2 Maserati 3.0L V6	Automobiles Ligier	Guy Ligier	24	DSQ	DSQ
1974	S 3.0	15		Ligier JS2 Maserati 3.0L V6	Automobiles Ligier	Alain Serpaggi	310	8th	5th
1977	S +2.0	8		Renault Alpine A442 Renault 2.0L Turbo V6	Renault Sport	Patrick Depailler	289	DNF	DNF
1978	S +2.0	10		Mirage M9 Renault 2.0L Turbo V6	Grand Touring Cars Inc.	Vern Schuppan Sam Posey	293	10th	5th
1990	C1	6	G	Porsche 962C Porsche Type-935 3.0L Turbo Flat-6	Joest Porsche Racing	Henri Pescarolo Jean-Louis Ricci	328	14th	14th
1993	GT	71	D	Venturi 500LM Renault PRV 3.0 L Turbo V6	Jacadi Racing	Michel Maisonneuve Christophe Dechavanne	210	DNF	DNF
1994	GT2	49	P	Porsche 911 Carrera RSR Porsche 3.8 L Flat-6	Larbre Compétition	Jacques Alméras Jean-Marie Alméras	94	DNF	DNF
1996	GT1	38	M	McLaren F1 GTR BMW S70 6.1L V12	Team Bigazzi SRL	Steve Soper Marc Duez	318	11th	9th