Coordinates	57°09′″N65°32′″N
name	Trondheim
idnumber	1601
district	Trondheim Region
county	Sør-Trøndelag
capital	Trondheim
language	Neutral
coatofarms	Coat of arms of Trondheim.svg
munwebpage	www.trondheim.kommune.no
demonym	TrondhjemmerTrondheimarTrondheimer
mayor	Rita Ottervik
mayor party	Ap
mayor as of	2003
area rank	258
area total km2	342.30
area land km2	321.81
area water km2	20.49
population as of	2011
population rank	3
population total	173,486
population density km2	539.1
population density urban km2	2528
population increase	15.5
utm zone	32V | utm_northing 7029953 | utm_easting 0567544 | geo_cat city }}

Trondheim (), historically, Nidaros and Trondhjem, is a city and municipality in Sør-Trøndelag county, Norway. With a population of 173,486, it is the third most populous municipality and city in the country, although the fourth largest metropolitan area. It is the administrative center of Sør-Trøndelag county. Trondheim lies on the south shore of the Trondheimsfjord at the mouth of the river Nidelva. The city is dominated by the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), SINTEF, St. Olavs University Hospital and other technology-oriented institutions.

The settlement was founded in 997 as a trading post, and was the capital of Norway during the Viking Age until 1217. From 1152 to 1537, the city was the seat of the Archdiocese of Nidaros; since it has remained the seat of the Diocese of Nidaros and the Nidaros Cathedral. It was incorporated in 1838. The current municipality dates from 1964, when Trondheim merged with Byneset, Leinstrand, Strinda and Tiller.

History

:''For the ecclesiastical history, see Archiepiscopate of Nidaros''

Trondheim was named Kaupangen () by Viking King Olav Tryggvason in 997. Fairly soon, it came to be called ''Nidaros''. In the beginning it was frequently used as a military retainer (Old Norse: "hird"-man) of King Olav. It was frequently used as the seat of the king, and was capital of Norway until 1217.

People have been living in the region for thousands of years as evidenced by the rock carvings in central Norway, the Nøstvet and Lihult cultures and the Corded Ware culture. In ancient times, the Kings of Norway were hailed at Øretinget in Trondheim, the place for the assembly of all free men by the mouth of the river Nidelva. Harald Fairhair (865–933) was hailed as the king here, as was his son, Haakon I – called 'the Good'. The battle of ''Kalvskinnet'' took place in Trondheim in 1179: King Sverre Sigurdsson and his ''Birkebeiner'' warriors were victorious against Erling Skakke (a rival to the throne). Some scholars believe that the famous Lewis chessmen, 12th century chess pieces carved from walrus ivory found in the Hebrides and now at the British Museum, may have been made in Trondheim.

Trondheim was the seat of the (Catholic) Archdiocese of Nidaros for Norway from 1152. Due to the introduction of Lutheran Protestantism in 1537, the last Archbishop, Olav Engelbrektsson, had to flee from the city to the Netherlands, where he died in present-day Lier, Belgium.

The city has experienced several major fires. Since it was a city of log buildings, out of wood, most fires caused severe damage. Great fires ravaged the city in 1598, 1651, 1681, 1708, twice in 1717, 1742, 1788, 1841 and 1842; these were only the worst cases. The 1651 fire destroyed 90% of all buildings within the city limits. The fire in 1681 (the "Horneman Fire") led to an almost total reconstruction of the city, overseen by General Johan Caspar von Cicignon, originally from Luxembourg. Broad avenues like ''Munkegaten'' were created, with no regard for property rights, in order to stop the next fire. At the time, the city had a population of roughly 8000 inhabitants. After the Treaty of Roskilde on 26 February 1658, Trondheim and the rest of Trøndelag, became Swedish territory for a brief period, but the area was reconquered after 10 months. The conflict was finally settled by the Treaty of Copenhagen on 27 May 1660.

During World War II, Trondheim was occupied by Nazi Germany from 9 April 1940, the first day of the invasion of Norway, until the end of the war in Europe, 8 May 1945. The home of the most notorious Norwegian Gestapo agent, Henry Rinnan, it was also subject to harsh treatment by the occupying powers, including imposition of martial law in October 1942. During this time the Germans turned the city and its environs into a major base for submarines (DORA 1), and also contemplated a scheme to build a new city for 300,000 inhabitants, ''Nordstern'' ("Northern Star"), centered 15 km (10 mi) southeast of Trondheim, near the wetlands of Øysand in the outskirts of Melhus municipality. This new metropolis was to be accompanied by a massively expanded version of the already existing naval base, which was intended to become the primary future stronghold of the German Kriegsmarine. Today there are few physical remains of this enormous construction project.

Municipal history

The city of Trondheim was established on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). On 1 January 1864, part of Strinda (population: 1,229) was transferred to Trondheim. Then on 1 January 1893, another part of Strinda (population: 4,097) was transferred to Trondheim. On 1 January 1952, the Lade area of Strinda (population: 2,230) was transferred to Trondheim. On 1 January 1964, a major municipal merger took place: the neighboring municipalities of Leinstrand (population: 4,193), Byneset (population: 2,049), Strinda (population: 44,600), and Tiller (population: 3,595) were all merged together with the city of Trondheim (population: 56,982), which just about doubled the population of the municipality.

Toponymy

The city was originally given the name by Olav Tryggvason. It was for a long time called ''Nidaros'' (), or ''Niðaróss'' in the Old Norse spelling. But is was also just called ''kaupangr'' ("city") or, more specifically, ''kaupangr í Þróndheimi'' ("the city in the district Þróndheimr", i.e. Trøndelag). In the late Middle Ages people started to call the city just ''Þróndheimr''. In the Dano-Norwegian period, during the years as a provincial town in the united kingdoms of Denmark-Norway, the city name was spelled ''Trondhjem''. The flag of Trondheim is one of the few Norwegian municipal flags that is not the banner of arms of the municipal coat-of-arms.]] Following the example set by the renaming of the capital ''Kristiania'' to ''Oslo'', ''Nidaros'' was reintroduced as the official name of the city for a brief period from 1 January 1930 until 6 March 1931. The name was restored in order to reaffirm the city's link with its glorious past, despite the fact that a 1928 referendum on the name of the city had given this result: 17,163 votes in favour of ''Trondhjem'' and 1,508 votes in favour of Nidaros. Public outrage later in the same year, even taking the form of riots, forced the Storting to settle for the medieval city name ''Trondheim''. The name of the diocese was, however, changed from ''Trondhjem stift'' to ''Nidaros bispedømme'' () in 1918.

Historically, ''Trondheimen'' indicates the area around the Trondheimsfjord. The spelling ''Trondhjem'' was officially rejected, but many still prefer that spelling of the city's name. Today, most inhabitants still refer to their city as ''Trånnhjæm''.

Coat-of-arms and seal

The coat-of-arms dates back to the 13th century. To the left, there is an archbishop with his staff and mitre in a church archway. On the right, a crowned king holding scales in a castle archway. These two pictures rest on a base which forms an arch. Underneath that arch, are three male heads which symbolize the city's rank as Norway's first capital and the archbishop's place of residence. The scales symbolize justice and the motif is based on the political philosophy of the 13th century, where the balance of power between king and church was an important issue. The three heads at the bottom may symbolize the city council. The motif is unique in Norwegian municipal heraldry, but similar motifs are found in bishopric cities on the continent. The design of the coat-of-arms that was adopted in 1897, and is still used today, was made by Håkon Thorsen.

Geography

Trondheim is situated where the river Nidelva meets Trondheimsfjorden with an excellent harbour and sheltered condition. The river used to be deep enough for most boats in the Middle Ages. An avalanche of mud and stones made it less navigable and partly ruined the harbour in the mid-17thcentury. The municipality's top elevation is the Storheia hill, above sea level. At summer solstice, the sun rises at 03:00 and sets at 23:40, but stays just below the horizon–there is no darkness from 20 May to 20 July. At winter solstice, the sun rises at 10:00, stays very low above the horizon, and sets at 14:30.

Climate

Trondheim city has a predominantly Oceanic climate, but borders on humid continental and subarctic climate. The part of the municipality further away from the fjord has colder winters and is subarctic (January mean at ''Klett'' 1961-90 is ). The part close to the fjord, such as the city center, has milder winters (January mean Trondheim city center 58 m amsl 1961-90 is . Trondheim is mostly sheltered from the strong winds which can occour along the outer seabord. The warmest temperature ever recorded is on 22 July 1901, and the coldest is in February 1899. Trondheim experiences moderate snowfall from November to March, but mixed with mild weather and rainfall. There are on average 14 days each winter with at least 25 cm snow cover on the ground and 22 days with daily minimum temperature or colder. There is often substantially more snow in suburban areas at somewhat higher elevation, such as Byåsen and Heimdal, with good skiing conditions in Bymarka. Spring often sees much sunshine, but nights can be chilly or cold. The daily high temperature can exceed from late April to late September, but not reliably so; on average are 34 days each summer warmer than . October is the most typical autumn month with cool temperatures and fall foliage, while November is considerably darker and colder. Average annual precipitation is fairly evenly spread out over the year, although September and October typically sees twice as much precipitation as March, April and May. Temperatures have tended to be warmer in recent years. The Trøndelag area has seen average temperatures increase by almost in the last 25 years.

Fauna

Several wetland habitats can be found within the city limits. The ''Gaulosen'' is one of these. Here you will find a newly built observation tower and information on the birdlife that can be found.

Despite Trondheim being Norway's third largest city, wild animals can be seen. Otters and beavers thrive in Nidelva and Bymarka. Badgers and foxes are not uncommon sights. Moose and deer are common in the hills surrounding the city, and might wander into the city, especially in May when the one year olds are chased away by their mothers, or in late winter when food grows scarce in the snow-covered higher regions. Since 2002, a wolverine has stayed in Bymarka.

Cityscape

Most of the downtown area is scattered with small specialty stores and shops, however a considerable part of the downtown shopping area is concentrated around the pedestrian street ''Nordre gate'' () and the ''Olav Tryggvasons gate'' even though the rest of the city center also is riddled with everything from old, well established companies to new, hip and trendy shops.

In the mid- to late 1990s, the area surrounding the old drydock and ship construction buildings of the defunct Trondhjems mekaniske Værksted shipbuilding company at the Nedre Elvehavn were renovated and old industrial buildings were torn down to make way for condominiums. A shopping mall was also built, known as Solsiden (The Sunny Side). This is a popular residential and shopping area, especially for young people.

DORA 1 is a German submarine base that housed the 13th U-boat Flotilla during the World War II occupation of Norway. Today the bunker houses various archives, among them the city archives, the university and state archives. More recently, DORA has been used as a concert venue. Kristiansten Fortress, built 1681–1684, is located on a hill east in Trondheim. It repelled the invading Swedes in 1718, but was decommissioned in 1816 by Crown Prince Regent Charles John.

A statue of Olav Tryggvason, the founder of Trondheim, is located in the city's central plaza, mounted on top of an obelisk. The statue base is also a sun dial, but it is calibrated to UTC+1 so that the reading is inaccurate by one hour in the summer.

The islet Munkholmen is a popular tourist attraction and recreation site. The islet has served as a place of execution, a monastery, a fortress, prison, and a World War II anti-aircraft gun station.

Stiftsgården is the royal residence in Trondheim, originally constructed in 1774 by Cecilie Christine Schøller. At 140 rooms constituting , it is possibly the largest wooden building in Northern Europe, and has been used by royals and their guests since 1800.

A statue of Leif Ericson is located at the seaside, close to the old Customs Building, the cruise ship facilities and the new swimming Hall. The statue is a replica, the original being located at a Seattle marina.

Nidaros Cathedral

The Nidaros Cathedral and the Archbishop's Palace are located side by side in the middle of the city centre. The cathedral, built from 1070 on, is the most important Gothic monument in Norway and was Northern Europe's most important Christian pilgrimage site during the Middle Ages, with pilgrimage routes from Oslo in southern Norway and from the Jämtland and Värmland regions of Sweden. Today, it is the northernmost medieval cathedral in the world, and the second largest in Scandinavia.

During the Middle Ages, and again after independence was restored in 1814, the Nidaros Cathedral was the coronation church of the Norwegian kings. King Haakon VII was the last monarch to be crowned there, in 1906. Starting with King Olav V in 1957, coronation was replaced by consecration. In 1991, the present King Harald V and Queen Sonja were consecrated in the cathedral. On 24 May 2002, their daughter Princess Märtha Louise married the writer Ari Behn in the cathedral.

The Pilgrim's Route (''Pilegrimsleden'') to the site of Saint Olufs's tomb at Nidaros Cathedral, has recently been re-instated. Also known as St. Olav's Way, (''Sankt Olavs vei''), the main route, which is approximately long, starts in Oslo and heads North, along the Lake Mjøsa, up the valley Gudbrandsdalen, over the mountain range Dovrefjell and down the Oppdal valley to end at Nidaros Cathedral in Trondheim. There is a Pilgrim's Office in Oslo which gives advice to pilgrims, and a Pilgrim Centre in Trondheim, under the aegis of the cathedral, which awards certificates to successful pilgrims upon the completion of their journey.

Museums

Trondheim Museum of Arts has Norway's third largest public art collection, mainly Norwegian art from the last 150 years. The National Museum of Decorative Arts boasts a large collection of decorative arts and design, including a great number of tapestries from the Norwegian tapestry artist Hannah Ryggen, as well as Norway's only permanent exhibibition of Japanese arts and crafts. Sverresborg, also named Zion after King David's castle in Jerusalem, was a fortification built by Sverre Sigurdsson. It is now an open air museum, consisting of more than 60 buildings. The castle was originally built in 1182–1183, but did not last for long as it was burned down in 1188. However, the Sverresaga indicates it had been restored by 1197.

Trondheim Science Museum () is a scientific hands-on experience center. The Museum of Natural History and Archaeology is part of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. There are also a variety of small history, science and natural history museums, such as the Trondheim Maritime Museum, the ''Armoury'', adjacent to the Archbishops's Palace, the music and musical instrument museum Ringve National Museum, Ringve Botanical Garden, the Trondheim Tramway Museum, and the Jewish Museum, co-located with the city's synagogue, which is among the northernmost in the world.

Rockheim (National Center of Pop and Rock Culture) opened at the Pier in August 2010. It is located inside an old building, but characterized by an easily recognizable roof the shape of a box. "The box" is decorated by thousands of tiny lights that changes in a variety of coulours and patterns, and is a landmark in the cityscape - especially in dark winter evenings. The exhibition is highly technological and interactive, so that the visitors themselves play an active role in the exhibition, and are able to explore and discover as they want to.

Churches

The Church of Norway has 21 churches within the municipality of Trondheim. They are all a part of the Diocese of Nidaros, which is based in Trondheim at the Nidaros Cathedral. Many of the churches are several hundred years old, with a couple that were built almost 1000 years ago.

rowspan="2"Bakke ChurchLade ChurchLademoen Church ByåsenIlen ChurchHavstein Church BynesetHeimdal ChurchKolstad ChurchLeinstrand ChurchTiller Church BergBratsberg ChurchCharlottenlund ChurchHoeggen ChurchRanheim ChurchStrinda ChurchStrindheim ChurchTempe Church

+ style="font-size:medium"	''Churches in Trondheim''	!Deanery(Prosti)!!Parish(Sokn)!!Church Name!!Year Built!!Locationof the Church
	Nidaros Domkirke og Vår Frue||	Nidaros Cathedral	1070–1300	Midtbyen, Trondheim>Midtbyen
Vår Frue Church
Bakklandet	|	1715	Bakklandet
Lade	|	1190	Lade, Trondheim>Lade
Lademoen	|	1905	Lademoen
rowspan="3"	Byåsen	|	Byåsen Church	1974	Byåsen
Ilen	|	1889	Ila, Trondheim>Ila
Sverresborg	|	1857	Sverresborg
rowspan="5"	Heimdal	|	Byneset Church	1180	Byneset
Heimdal	|	1960	Heimdal
Kolstad	|	1986	Kolstad, Trondheim>Kolstad
Leinstrand	|	1673	Leinstrand
Tiller	|	1901	Tiller, Norway>Tiller
rowspan="8"	Strinda	|	Berg Church	1972	Berg
Bratsberg	|	1850	Bratsberg, Sør-Trøndelag>Bratsberg
Charlottenlund	|	1973	Charlottenlund, Trondheim>Charlottenlund
Hoeggen	|	1997	Lerkendal, Trondheim>Lerkendal
Ranheim	|	1933	Ranheim
Strinda	|	1900	Strinda
Strindheim	|	1979	Strindheim
Tempe	|	1960	Lerkendal, Trondheim>Lerkendal

Political structure

On 1 January 2005, the city was reorganized from five boroughs into four, with each of these having separate social services offices. The current boroughs are Midtbyen (44,967 inhabitants), Østbyen (42,707 inhabitants), Lerkendal (46,603 inhabitants) and Heimdal (30,744) inhabitants. Population statistics are as of 1 January 2008.

Prior to 2005, Trondheim was divided into the boroughs ''Sentrum'', ''Strinda'', ''Nardo'', ''Byåsen'' and ''Heimdal''.

Education and research

:''See also the list of primary schools in Trondheim''.

There are 11 high schools in the city. Trondheim katedralskole ("Trondheim Cathedral School") was founded in 1152 and is the oldest gymnasium-level school of Norway, while Brundalen videregående skole is the largest in Sør-Trøndelag with its 1100 students and 275 employees.

The Norwegian university of science and technology (NTNU) and the College of Sør-Trøndelag (HiST) are also situated here.

One regional hospital, the St. Olavs University Hospital, is located in Trondheim. The university hospital, cooperates closely with the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU). A new hospital is currently being built, with a projected cost of 12 billion NOK.

SINTEF, the largest independent research organisation in Scandinavia, has 1800 employees with 1300 of these located in Trondheim. The Air Force Academy of the Royal Norwegian Air Force is located at Kuhaugen in Trondheim.

Media

Adresseavisen is the largest regional newspaper and the oldest active newspaper in Norway, having been established in 1767. The newspaper owns the regional television channel TVAdressa and the radio channel RadioAdressa. The two Headquarters of The Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK) are located at Tyholt in Trondheim and Oslo. The student milieu of Trondheim features three types of media. Under Dusken is the student paper, Radio Revolt is the student radio, and Student-TV broadcasts videos online.

Transport

Trondheim has an international airport, Trondheim Airport, Værnes, situated in Stjørdal, which is Norway's fourth largest airport in terms of passenger traffic.

Major railway connections are the northbound Nordland Line, the eastbound Meråker Line to Åre and Östersund in Sweden, and two southbound connections to Oslo, the Røros Line and Dovre Line.

The Coastal Express ships (Hurtigruten: Covering the Bergen–Kirkenes stretch of the coast) call at Trondheim, as do many cruise ships during the summer season. Since 1994 there is also a fast commuter boat service to Kristiansund, the closest coastal city to the southwest.

Trondheim also boasts the northernmost (since closure of Arkhangelsk tram in 2004) tramway line in the world: the Gråkallen Line, the last remaining segment of the Trondheim Tramway, is an route (which is mostly single-track outside the inner most parts of the city; except the stretch between Breidablikk and Nordre Hoem stations) which runs from the city centre, through the Byåsen district, and up to Lian, in the large recreation area Bymarka. Trondheim boasts the world's only bicycle lift, ''Trampe''.

The bus network, operated by AtB, runs throughout most of the city and its suburbs. Bus service starts at about 05:00 and the latest service is around midnight. In addition, the Nattbuss (Night Bus) service ensures cheap and effective transport for those enjoying nightlife in the city centre during the weekends. Note that the Nattbus has other prices than ordinary busses. The European route E6 highway passes through the city centre of Trondheim in addition to a motorway bypass along the eastern rim of the city.

Culture

Stage

The main regional theatre, Trøndelag Teater, is situated in Trondheim. The theatre is the oldest theatre in Scandinavia; still in use from 1816. The city also features an alternative theatre house, called Avant Garden.

Music

Trondheim has a broad music scene, and is known for its strong communities committed to rock, jazz and classical music, the latter two spearheaded by the music conservatory at NTNU and the municipal music school, ''Trondheim Kommunale Musikk- og Kulturskole'', with the Trondheim Symphony Orchestra and the Trondheim Soloists being the best-known arenas. Classical artists hailing from Trondheim include violinist Arve Tellefsen, Elise Båtnes and Marianne Thorsen. Also the Nidaros Cathedral Boys' Choir.

Pop/rock artists and bands associated with Trondheim include Åge Aleksandersen, Margaret Berger, DumDum Boys, Gåte, Keep Of Kalessin, Lumsk, Motorpsycho, Kari Rueslåtten, The 3rd and the Mortal, TNT, Tre Små Kinesere, The Kids, Casino Steel (of The Boys), Atrox, Bloodthorn, Manes, child prodigy Malin Reitan and Aleksander With. The most popular punk scene is UFFA.

Georg Kajanus, creator of the bands Eclection, Sailor and DATA, was born in Trondheim. The music production team Stargate started out in Trondheim.

Sports and recreation

Granåsen, a Nordic skiing venue located in Byåsen, regularly hosts World Cup competitions in ski jumping, biathlon and cross-country skiing, as well as the 1997 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships. Trondheim attempted but failed to become the Norwegian candidate for the 2018 Winter Olympics. Hiking and recreational skiing is available around the city, particularly in Bymarka, which can be reached by the tramway. Trondheim Golfklubb has a nine-hole golf course in Byåsen. The World Allround Speed Skating Championships has been hosted at Øya Stadion in 1907, 1911, 1926, 1933 and 1937.

Rosenborg BK is the city's premier football club and plays their home matches at Lerkendal Stadion. They have won the Norwegian Premier League twentytwo times from 1967 to 2010, and had until 2007 played eleven times in UEFA Champions League. Byåsen IL plays in the Women's handball league, and is a regular in EHF Women's Champions League, playing their home games at Trondheim Spektrum. Rosenborg IHK plays in the premier ice hockey league, with their home games played at Leangen Ishall.

Student culture

With students comprising almost a fifth of the population, the city of Trondheim is heavily influenced by student culture. Most noticeable is Studentersamfundet i Trondhjem, the city's student society. Its characteristic round, red building from 1929 sits at the head of the bridge crossing the river southwards from the city centre. As the second largest university in Norway, the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) is the host of some 24,000 students. Sør-Trøndelag University College has 6,000 students.

Student culture in Trondheim is characterized by a long-standing tradition of volunteer work. The student society is for example run by more than 1,200 volunteers. NTNUI, Norway's largest sports club, is among the other volunteer organizations that dominate student culture in Trondheim. Students of Trondheim are also behind two major Norwegian culture festivals, UKA and The International Student Festival in Trondheim (ISFiT). NTNU lists over 200 student organizations with registered web pages at its servers alone.

International relations

Twin towns – Sister cities

Trondheim is twinned with:

* Darmstadt, Germany ''(since 1968)''

* Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland ''(since 1945)''

* Graz, Austria ''(since 1964)''

* Kópavogur, Iceland ''(since 1946)''

* Östersund, Sweden ''(since 1946)''

Norrköping, Sweden ''(since 1946)''

* Klaksvík, Faroe Islands

Odense Municipality>Odense, Denmark ''(since 1946)''

* Petah Tikva, Israel ''(since 1975)''

* Ramallah, Palestinian territories ''(since 2004)''

Split (city)>Split, Croatia ''(since 1956)''

Tampere>Tampere/Tammerfors, Finland ''(since 1946)''

* Tiraspol, Moldova ''(since 1987)''

* Vallejo, California, US ''(since 1956)''

See also

List of mayors of Trondheim

Tyholt Tower

References

External links

Municipal fact sheet from Statistics Norway

Municipality website

Trondheim.no, Trondheim's official website in Norwegian and English

Trondheimsbilder – Historical photographs of sights and people in Trondheim

Trondheim -North Venice

Trøndelag Teater

90th anniversary of Trondheim's cinema

German submarine base in Trondheim

Category:997 establishments Category:Municipalities of Sør-Trøndelag Category:Cities and towns in Norway Category:Port cities and towns in Norway Category:Former national capitals Category:Viking Age populated places

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Coordinates	57°09′″N65°32′″N
name	Jon Lord
background	non_vocal_instrumentalist
birth name	Jonathan Douglas Lord
born	June 09, 1941Leicester, England
instrument	Keyboards, organ, piano, vocals
genre	Hard rock, heavy metal, blues-rock, progressive rock, classical
occupation	Musician, songwriter
years active	1956–present
label	Purple, EMI, Harvest
associated acts	Deep Purple, Whitesnake, Paice, Ashton & Lord, The Artwoods, The Flower Pot Men }}

Jonathan Douglas "Jon" Lord (born 9 June 1941) is an English composer, pianist and Hammond organ player.

Jon Lord also known as 'Hammond Lord' is a classically trained piano player. He is recognised for his Hammond organ blues-rock sound and for his pioneering work in fusing rock and classical or baroque forms. He has most famously been a member of Deep Purple, as well as of Whitesnake, Paice, Ashton & Lord, The Artwoods and Flower Pot Men. He has worked with numerous other artists including Graham Bonnet (following Bonnet's departure from Rainbow).

In 1968, Lord co-founded Deep Purple. He and drummer Ian Paice were the only constant band members during the band's existence from 1968 to 1976 and from when they reformed in 1984 until Lord's retirement from Deep Purple in 2002.

One of his finest works was his composition ''Concerto for Group and Orchestra'', which was performed at the Royal Albert Hall in honour of Albert Higgins and William Cole in 1969 with Deep Purple (Lord and Paice with guitarist Ritchie Blackmore, singer Ian Gillan and bassist Roger Glover) and the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra. The concerto was revived for its 30th anniversary in 1999 with another performance at the Albert Hall, again performed by Deep Purple (Lord, Paice, Gillan, Glover and Steve Morse in place of Blackmore) with the London Philharmonic Orchestra.

In 2002 he retired from Deep Purple for good, to concentrate on composing and on lower-key blues/rock performances. In 2008, he achieved success as a classical composer when his ''Durham Concerto'' entered the classical album charts. His latest album is ''To Notice Such Things'' from 2010.

On November 11, 2010 Jon Lord was made an Honorary Fellow of Stevenson College, Edinburgh. The "Concerto for Group & Orchestra" (described as "a contemporary masterpiece" by the college), was performed in the Usher Hall in 2009, featuring Stevenson students.

On July 15, 2011 Jon Lord received a honorary Doctor of Music degree by his home town's University of Leicester.

Early life

Jon Lord was born in Leicester on 9 June 1941 to his parents Miriam (1912–1995, née Hudson) and Reg. He studied classical piano from the age of five, and those influences are a recurring trademark in his work. His influences range from Bach (a constant connection in his music and his keyboard improvisation) to Medieval popular music and the English tradition of Edward Elgar.

Simultaneously, Lord absorbed the blues sounds that played a key part in his rock career, principally the raw sounds of the great American blues organists Jimmy Smith, Jimmy McGriff and "Brother" Jack McDuff ("Rock Candy"), as well as the stage showmanship of Jerry Lee Lewis. The jazz-blues organ sounds coming from those musicians in the 1950s and 1960s, using the trademark blues-organ sound of the Hammond organ (B3 and C3 models) and combining it with the Leslie speaker system (the well-known Hammond-Leslie speaker combo), were seminal influences. Keyboard contemporaries in the 1970s Keith Emerson and Rick Wakeman generally steered away from the blues or only showcased it as a novelty, but Lord embraced it fully into his style.

Lord moved to London in 1959/60, intent on an acting career and enrolling at the Central School of Speech and Drama, in London's Swiss Cottage. Small parts followed and Lord continued playing piano and organ in clubs and as a session musician to make ends meet.

He started his London band career in 1960 with jazz ensemble the Bill Ashton Combo. Ashton, now an MBE, became a key figure in jazz education in the UK, creating what later became the National Youth Jazz Orchestra. Between 1960 and 1963, Lord (along with Ashton) moved onto Red Bludd's Bluesicians (also known as The Don Wilson's Quartet), the latter of which featured singer Arthur "Art" Wood. Wood had previously sung with Alexis Korner's Blues Incorporated and was a junior figure in the British blues movement. In this period, Lord's session credits included playing keyboards on You Really Got Me (The Kinks 1964 classic).

Following the break-up of Redd Bludd's Bluesicians in late 1963, Wood, Lord and drummer Red Dunnage put together a new band. The Art Wood Combo also included Derek Griffiths (guitar) and Malcolm Pool (bass). Dunnage left in December 1964 to be replaced by Keef Hartley, who had previously replaced Ringo Starr in Rory Storm and the Hurricanes.

The Artwoods, as the band came to be known, focused on the organ as the bluesy, rhythmic core of their sound, in common with contemporaries the Spencer Davis Group (Steve Winwood on organ) and the Animals (with Alan Price). They made appearances on TV shows such as ''Ready Steady Go!'', performed abroad and appeared on the first ''Ready Steady Goes Live'', promoting their first single "Sweet Mary," but significant commercial success eluded them. Their only chart single was "I Take What I Want," which reached #28 on 8 May 1966.

The band regrouped in 1967 as St Valentine's Day Massacre, in an attempt to cash in on the 1930s gangster craze triggered by the film ''Bonnie and Clyde''. Hartley left in 1967 to join John Mayall's Bluesbreakers.

Lord then created Santa Barbara Machine Head (featuring Art's brother, the young Ronnie Wood), writing and recording three powerful keyboard-driven instrumental tracks, giving a preview of the seminal Deep Purple style to come in the future. Soon after, he went on to cover for keyboard player Billy Day in The Flower Pot Men, where he met bassist Nick Simper. Lord and Simper toured with the band in 1967 to support their "Let's Go To San Francisco" hit single, but they never recorded with them.

In early 1967, through his roommate Chris Curtis of The Searchers, Lord met businessman Tony Edwards who was looking to invest in the music business. Ritchie Blackmore was called in and met Lord for the first time. But Chris Curtis' erratic behavior led the trio nowhere. Edwards was impressed enough by Jon Lord to ask him to form a band after Curtis faded out. Simper was contacted, and Blackmore recalled from Hamburg. Top English drummer Bobby Woodman was the initial choice for the drums, but during the auditions for a singer, Rod Evans of the Maze came in with his drummer, Ian Paice. Blackmore, who had been impressed by Paice's drumming when he'd met him in 1967, quickly ensured an audition for Paice as well. The band was initially called Roundabout, which by March 1968 had morphed into the "Mark 1" lineup of Deep Purple: Lord, Simper, Blackmore, Paice and Evans.

Lord also helped form Boz, which did some recordings produced by Derek Lawrence, featuring Boz Burrell (later of Bad Company), session guitarist Ritchie Blackmore, drummer Ian Paice, and bassist Chas Hodges (later of 'Cockney' pop group Chas & Dave).

Personal life

Jon Lord is married to Vickie Lord, the twin sister of Ian Paice's wife, Jackie. The twin girls were the daughters of Frank Gibbs, owner of the Oakley House Country Club, Brewood, Staffs. They both live in the United Kingdom. He has two daughters, Amy (with Vickie) and Sara (with his first wife Judith) Feldman whom was married to from 1969 - 1981.

Deep Purple 1968–1976

It is in this period that Lord's trademark keyboard sound emerged. Ignoring the emergence of the Moog synthesizer as pioneered in rock by players like Keith Emerson, he began experimenting with a keyboard sound centred on the Hammond organ but heavier than a blues sound and often featuring distortion. This delivered a rhythmic foundation to complement Blackmore's speed and virtuosity on lead guitar. Lord also loved the sound of an RMI 368 Electra-Piano and Harpsichord, which he used on songs like "Demon's Eye", and "Space Truckin'". In 1973, Lord's original Hammond C3 gave out, and he purchased another from Christine McVie of Fleetwood Mac. Around this same time, Lord and his keyboard technician, Mike Phillips, combined his Hammond C3 Organ with the RMI. (Lord kept this particular Hammond C3 until his retirement from the band in 2002.)

Lord pushed the Hammond-Leslie sound through Marshall amplification, creating a growling, heavy, mechanical sound that gave a rhythmic counterpoint to Blackmore's lead playing. It also allowed Lord to compete with Blackmore as a soloist, with an organ that sounded as heavy as a lead guitar. Said one reviewer, "many have tried to imitate [Lord's] style, and all failed." Said Lord himself, "There's a way of playing a Hammond [that's] different. A lot of people make the mistake of thinking that you can play a Hammond with a piano technique. Well, you can, but it ''sounds'' like you are playing a Hammond with a piano technique. Really, you have to learn how to play an organ. It's a legato technique; it’s a technique to achieve legato on a non-legato instrument."

In early Deep Purple recordings, Lord's organ sound is often more prominent than Blackmore's guitar, which didn't truly start to take over until the ''In Rock'' album (1970). For example, the band's first hit song, a cover of Joe South's "Hush", features an extended organ solo and no guitar solo. Later, Lord's willingness to play many of the key rhythm parts gave the guitarist the freedom to let loose both live and on record.

On Deep Purple's second and third albums, Lord began indulging his ambition to fuse rock with classical music. An early example of this is the song "Anthem" from the album ''The Book of Taliesyn'' (1968), but a more prominent example is the song "April" from the band's self-titled third album (1969). The song is recorded in three parts: (1) Lord and Blackmore only, on keyboards and acoustic guitar, respectively; (2) an orchestral arrangement complete with strings; and (3) the full rock band with vocals. This enhanced Lord's reputation among fellow musicians, but caused tension within the group.

Blackmore agreed to go along with Lord's experimentation, provided he was given his head on the next band album. The resulting ''Concerto For Group and Orchestra'' (in 1969) was one of rock's earliest attempts to fuse two distinct musical idioms. Performed live at the Royal Albert Hall on 24 September 1969 (with new band members Ian Gillan and Roger Glover, Evans and Simper having been fired), recorded by the BBC and later released as an album, the Concerto gave Deep Purple their first highly-publicised taste of mainstream fame and gave Lord the confidence to believe that his experiment and his compositional skill had a future. The Concerto also gave Lord the chance to work with established classical figures, like conductor Malcolm Arnold (knighted in 1993), who brought his technical skills to bear by helping Lord score the work and to protect him from the inevitable disdain of the older members of the orchestra.

Classical dalliance over, Purple began work on ''In Rock'', released by their new label EMI in 1970 and now recognised as one of hard rock's key early works. Lord and Blackmore competed to out-dazzle each other, often in classical-style, mid-section 'call and answer' improvisation (on tracks like "Speed King"), something they employed to great effect live. Similarly, "Child in Time" features Lord's playing to maximum tonal effect. Lord's experimental solo on "Hard Lovin' Man" (complete with police-siren interpolation) on the album is his personal favourite among his Deep Purple studio performances.

Deep Purple released a sequence of albums between 1971's ''Fireball'' and 1975's ''Come Taste the Band''. Gillan and Glover left in 1973 and Blackmore in 1975, and the band disintegrated in 1976. The highlights of Lord's Purple work in the period include the 1972 album ''Machine Head'' (featuring his rhythmic underpinnings on "Smoke on the Water" and "Space Truckin'", plus the organ solos on "Highway Star" and "Lazy"), the sonic bombast of the ''Made in Japan'' live album (1972), an extended, effect-laden solo on "Rat Bat Blue" from the ''Who Do We Think We Are'' album (1973), and his overall playing on the ''Burn'' album from 1974.

Roger Glover later described Lord as a true "Zen-archer soloist", someone whose best keyboard improvisation often came at the first attempt. Lord's strict reliance on the Hammond C3 organ sound, as opposed to the synthesizer experimentation of his contemporaries, places him firmly in the jazz-blues category as a band musician and far from the progressive-rock sound of Keith Emerson and Rick Wakeman. Lord himself would rarely venture into the synthesizer territory on Purple albums, often limiting his experimentation to the use of the ring modulator with the Hammond, to give live performances on tracks like Space Truckin' a distinctive 'spacey' sound. Rare instances of his Deep Purple synthesizer use (later including the MiniMoog and other Moog synthesizers) include "'A' 200", the final track from ''Burn'', and "Love Child" on the ''Come Taste the Band'' album.

In early 1973 Lord stated - ''NME'' - March 1973

Composing career

Lord continued to focus on his classical aspirations alongside his Deep Purple career. The BBC, buoyed by the success of the Concerto, commissioned him to do another work and the resulting Gemini Suite was performed by Deep Purple and the Light Music Society under Malcolm Arnold at the Royal Festival Hall in September 1970 and then in Munich with the Kammerorchester conducted by Eberhard Schoener in January 1972. It then became the basis for Lord's first solo album, ''Gemini Suite'', released in November 1972, with vocals by Yvonne Elliman and Tony Ashton and with the London Symphony Orchestra backing a band that included Albert Lee on guitar.

Lord's collaboration with the highly experimental and supportive Schoener resulted in a second live performance of the Suite in late 1973 and a new Lord album with Eberhard Schoener, entitled Windows, in 1974. It proved to be Lord's most experimental work and was released to mixed reactions. However, the dalliances with Bach on Windows and the pleasure of collaborating with Schoener resulted in perhaps Lord's most confident solo work and perhaps his strongest orchestral album, ''Sarabande'', recorded in Germany in September 1975 with the Philharmonia Hungarica conducted by Schoener.

Composed of eight pieces (from the opening sweep of Fantasia to the Finale), at least five pieces form the typical construction of a baroque dance suite. The key pieces (Sarabande, Gigue, Bouree, Pavane and Caprice) feature rich orchestration complemented sometimes by the interpolation of rock themes, played by a session band comprising Pete York, Mark Nauseef and Andy Summers, with organ and synthesizers played by Lord.

In March 1974, Lord and Paice had collaborated with friend Tony Ashton on ''First of the Big Bands'', credited to 'Ashton & Lord' and featuring a rich array of session talent, including Carmine Appice, Ian Paice, Peter Frampton and Pink Floyd saxophonist/sessioner, Dick Parry. They performed much of the set live at the London Palladium in September 1974.

This formed the basis of Lord's first post-Deep Purple project Paice, Ashton & Lord, which lasted only a year and spawned a single album, ''Malice in Wonderland'' in 1977. He created an informal group of friends and collaborators including Ashton, Paice, Bernie Marsden, Boz Burrell and later, Bad Company's Mick Ralphs, Simon Kirke and others. Over the same period, Lord guested on albums by Maggie Bell, Nazareth and even Richard Digance. Eager to pay off a huge tax bill upon his return the UK in the late-1970s (Purple's excesses included their own tour jet and a home Lord rented in Hollywood from actress Ann-Margret), Lord joined former Deep Purple band member David Coverdale's new band, Whitesnake in August 1978 (Paice joined them in 1980 and stayed till 1982). Whitesnake was a continuation of the musical style introduced in Paice, Ashton & Lord and was inspired in name and cover art from Lord's 1975 album Sarabande.

Whitesnake 1978–1984

Lord's job in Whitesnake was largely limited to adding colour (or, in his own words, a 'halo') to round out a blues-rock sound that already accommodated two lead guitarists, Bernie Marsden and Micky Moody. He added a Yamaha Electric Grand piano to his set-up and finally a huge bank of synthesizers onstage courtesy of Moog (MiniMoog, Opus, PolyMoog) so he could play the 12-bar blues the band often required and recreate string section and other effects. Such varied work is evident on tracks like "Here I Go Again", "Wine, Women and Song", "She's a Woman" and "Till the Day I Die". A number of singles entered the UK charts, taking the now 40-something Lord onto Top of the Pops with regularity between 1980 and 1983. He later expressed frustration that he was a poorly-paid hired-hand. His dissatisfaction (and Coverdale's eagerness to revamp the band's line-up and lower the average age to help crack the US market) smoothed the way for the reformation of Deep Purple Mk II in 1984.

Jon Lord's last Whitesnake concert took place in the Swedish TV programme ''Mandagsborsen'' in 16 April 1984.

During his tenure in Whitesnake, Lord did have a chance to do two distinctly different solo albums. 1982s ''Before I Forget'' featured a largely conventional eight-song line-up, no orchestra and with the bulk of the songs being either mainstream rock tracks ("Hollywood Rock And Roll", "Chance on a Feeling"), or — specifically on Side Two — a series of very English classical piano ballads sung by mother and daughter duo, Vicki Brown and Sam Brown (wife and daughter of entertainer Joe Brown) and vocalist Elmer Gantry. The album also boasted the cream of British rock talent, including prolific session drummer (and National Youth Jazz Orchestra alumnus) Simon Phillips, Cozy Powell, Neil Murray, Simon Kirke, Boz Burrell and Mick Ralphs. Lord used synthesizers more than ever before, principally to retain an intimacy with the material and to create a jam atmosphere with old friends like Tony Ashton.

Additionally, Lord was commissioned by producer Patrick Gamble for Central Television to write the soundtrack for their 1984 TV series, ''Country Diary of an Edwardian Lady'', based on the book by Edith Holden, with an orchestra conducted by Alfred Ralston and with a distinctly gentle, pastoral series of themes composed by Lord. Lord, now firmly established as a member of UK rock/Oxfordshire mansion aristocracy (in Lord's case, a home called Burntwood, complete with hand-painted Challen baby grand piano, previous owner, Shirley Bassey), was asked to guest on albums by friends George Harrison (''Gone Troppo'' from 1982) and Pink Floyd's David Gilmour (1983's ''About Face''), Cozy Powell (''Octopus'' in 1983) and to play on an adaptation of Kenneth Grahame's classic, "Wind in the Willows". He composed and produced the score for ''White Fire'' (1984), which consisted largely of two songs performed by Limelight.

In the 80s he was also a member of an all-star band called Olympic Rock & Blues Circus fronted by Pete York and featuring a rotating line-up of the likes of Miller Anderson, Tony Ashton, Brian Auger, Zoot Money, Colin Hodgkinson, Chris Farlowe and many others. Olympic Rock & Blues Circus was touring primarily in Germany between 1981 and 1989. Some musicians, including Lord, were taking part in Pete York's musical TV extravaganza Superdrumming between 1987 and 1989.

From Purple to Now 1984–present

Lord's re-emergence with Deep Purple in 1984 resulted in huge audiences for the reformed Mk II line-up, including 1985s second largest grossing tour in the US and an appearance in front of 70,000 rain-soaked fans headlining Knebworth on June 22, 1985, all to support the ''Perfect Strangers'' album. Playing with a rejuvenated Mk. II Purple line-up (including spells at a health farm to get the band including Lord into shape) and being onstage and in the studio with Blackmore, gave Lord the chance to push himself once again. His 'rubato' classical opening sequence to the album's opener, "Knocking at Your Back Door" (complete with F-Minor to G polychordal harmony sequence), gave Lord the chance to do his most powerful work for years, including the song "Perfect Strangers". Further Deep Purple albums followed, often of varying quality, and by the late-1990s, Lord was clearly keen to explore where to take his career next.

left|thumb|200px|Jon Lord performing at the Sunflower Jam, London, 2007In 1997, he created perhaps his most personal work to date, ''Pictured Within'', released in 1998 with a European tour to support it. Lord's mother Miriam had died in August 1995 and the album is a deeply affecting piece, inflected at all stages by Lord's sense of grief. Recorded largely in Lord's home away from home, the city of Cologne, the album's themes are Elgarian and alpine in equal measure. Lord signed to Virgin Classics to release it, and perhaps saw it as the first stage in his eventual departure from Purple to embark on a low-key and altogether more gentle solo career. One song from Pictured Within, entitled "Wait A While" was later covered by Norwegian singer Sissel Kyrkjebø on her 2003/2004 album ''My Heart''. Lord finally retired from Deep Purple amicably in 2002, preceded by a knee injury that eventually resolved itself without surgery. He said subsequently, "Leaving Deep Purple was just as traumatic as I had always suspected it would be and more so -- if you see what I mean". He even dedicated a song to it on 2004's solo effort, ''Beyond the Notes'', called "De Profundis". The album was recorded in Bonn with producer, Mario Argandoña between June and July 2004.

''Pictured Within'' and ''Beyond the Notes'' provide the most personal work by Lord, and together, have what his earlier solo work perhaps lacks, a very clear musical voice that is quintessentially his. Together, both albums are uniquely crafted, mature pieces from a man in touch with himself and his spirituality. Lord has slowly built a small, but distinct position and fan base for himself in Europe, collaborating with former ABBA superstar and family friend, Frida (Anni-Frid Lyngstad), on the 2004 track, "The Sun Will Shine Again" (with lyrics by Sam Brown) and performing with her across Europe and subsequently, doing concerts also to première the 2007-scheduled ''Boom of the Tingling Strings'' orchestral piece.

In 2003, he also returned to his beloved R-n-B/blues heritage to record an album of standards in Sydney, with Australia's Jimmy Barnes, entitled ''Live in the Basement'', by Jon Lord and the Hoochie Coochie Men. He remains one of British rock music's most eclectic and talented instrumentalists. Lord is also happy to support the Sam Buxton Sunflower Jam Healing Trust and in September 2006, performed at a star-studded event to support the charity led by Ian Paice's wife, Jacky (twin sister of Lord's wife Vicky). Featured artists on stage with Lord included Paul Weller, Robert Plant, Phil Manzanera, Ian Paice and Bernie Marsden.

Two Lord compositions, "Boom of the Tingling Strings" and "Disguises (Suite for String Orchestra)", were recorded in Denmark in 2006 and released in April 2008 on EMI Classics. Both feature the Odense Symfoniorkester, conducted by Paul Mann. Additionally, a second Hoochie Coochie Men album was recorded in July 2006 in London. This album, ''Danger - White Men Dancing'', was released in October 2007.

His ''Durham Concerto'', commissioned by Durham University for its 175th anniversary celebrations, received its world premiere on 20 October 2007 in Durham Cathedral by the Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra, and featured soloists Lord on Hammond Organ, Kathryn Tickell on Northumbrian pipes, Matthew Barley on cello and Ruth Palmer on violin.

Lord was (almost) next-door neighbour to former Beatle, George Harrison, and played piano on Harrison's posthumously released ''Brainwashed'' album (2002). He was also a close friend of John Mortimer, whom he had accompanied on many occasions during Mortimer's performances of "Mortimer Miscellany".

Lord released his solo album, To Notice Such Things, on March 29, 2010. Titled after the main work — a six movement suite for solo flute, piano and string orchestra — the album was inspired by, and is dedicated to the memory of Jon's dear friend Sir John Mortimer, the English barrister, dramatist, screenwriter, author and creator of British television series "Rumpole of The Bailey", who died in January 2009. On its first day of release, the album entered Amazon’s Movers And Shakers index, nestling at no. 12 at the end of the day. Six days later it entered the UK's official classical chart at no. 4.

Among his many upcoming projects, Jon Lord has been commissioned to compose a concerto for Hammond organ and orchestra and with special parts for tympani. The piece will be premiered with the Oslo Philharmonic Orchestra with Tom Vissgren on tympani in Oslo, Norway in the Spring of 2012. With Vladimir Ashkenazy and Josef Suk, Lord is one of three artistic sponsors of Toccata Classics.

Jon Lord is currently working on material with recently formed rock supergroup WhoCares, also featuring singer Ian Gillan from Deep Purple, guitarist Tony Iommi from Black Sabbath, second guitarist Mikko Lindström from HIM, bassist Jason Newsted formerly from Metallica and drummer Nicko McBrain from Iron Maiden.

Illness

On 9 August 2011, he announced that he was battling an unspecified form of cancer. He said via his website: "I would like all my friends, followers, fans and fellow travelers to know that I am fighting cancer and will therefore be taking a break from performing while getting the treatment and cure.

"I shall of course be continuing to write music - in my world it just has to be part of the therapy - and I fully expect to be back in good shape next year."

Discography

Santa Barbara Machine Head

1968 ''Blues Anytime Vol. 3'' ("Porcupine Juice", "Albert", "Rubber Monkey")

1969 ''An Anthology of British Blues Vol. 2''

2002 ''Pre-Purple People'' ("Porcupine Juice", "Albert", "Rubber Monkey")

Solo and orchestral works with Deep Purple

1969 ''Concerto for Group and Orchestra'' (with Deep Purple)

1971 ''The Last Rebel'' (with Ashton, Gardner & Dyke) - motion picture soundtrack

1972 ''Gemini Suite''

1974 ''First of the Big Bands'' (with Tony Ashton)

1974 ''Windows'' (with Eberhard Schoener)

1976 ''Sarabande''

1982 ''Before I Forget''

1984 ''Country Diary of an Edwardian Lady'' (with Alfred Ralston) - television series soundtrack

1993 ''Gemini Suite Live'' (with Deep Purple)

1993 ''First of the Big Bands - BBC Live in Concert 1974'' (with Tony Ashton)

1998 ''Pictured Within''

2000 ''In Concert with the London Symphony Orchestra'' (with Deep Purple)

2003 ''Jon Lord With Pictures'' (DVD documentary)

2004 ''Beyond The Notes''

2004 ''Beyond The Notes Live'' (DVD)

2008 ''Boom of the Tingling Strings''

2008 ''Durham Concerto''

2010 ''To Notice Such Things''

2011 ''Jon Lord Blues Project Live''

With The Hoochie Coochie Men

2003 ''Live at the Basement''

2007 ''Danger. White Men Dancing''

Other credits

1964 ''Kinks'' (The Kinks, "You Really Got Me")

1967 ''Sound & Movement'' (The Leading Figures)

1968 ''I Shall Be Released/Down in the Flood'' (Boz Burrell, SP)

1968 ''Sundragon'' (Sundragon)

1968 ''Madena/Standing Still'' (Anan, SP)

1972 ''What a Bloody Long Day It's Been'' (Ashton, Gardner & Dyke, "The Falling Song" - strings arr.)

1974 ''Rampant'' (Nazareth, "Glad When You're Gone", "Shanghai'd in Shanghai")

1976 ''Wizard's Convention'' (Eddie Hardin)

1978 ''More Than Meets the Eye'' (Joe Breen)

1979 ''Commercial Road'' (Richard Digance)

1979 ''And About Time Too'' (Bernie Marsden])

1980 ''Look at Me Now'' (Bernie Marsden)

1981 ''Line-Up'' (Graham Bonnett)

1982 ''Gone Troppo'' (George Harrison, "Circles")

1983 ''Octopuss'' (Cozy Powell)

1984 ''About Face'' (David Gilmour)

1985 ''Wind in the Willows'' (Eddie Hardin)

1986 ''Detroit Diesel'' (Alvin Lee, "Ordinary Man", "Let's Go")

1989 ''Super Drumming Folge 1 & 2'' (Pete York)

1990 ''The Earthquake Album'' (Rock Aid Armenia, "Smoke on the Water '90")

1990 ''About Love and Life'' (Vicki Brown, "We Are One")

1990 ''April Moon'' (Sam Brown, "Contradictions")

1990 ''Pete York Presents Super Drumming Volume 3'' ("I Got Rhythm", "Heavy Ravel", "Gemini - Voice", "Windows")

1992 ''Cherkazoo & Other Stories'' (Ian Gillan, archival recordings 1972-74)

1992 ''Wind in the Willows - A Rock Concert'' (Eddie Hardin, recorded live 1991, DVD 2003)

1992 ''The Drums Are Back'' (Cozy Powell, "The Rocket", "The Legend Of The Glass Mountain")

1992 ''Zoom'' (Alvin Lee, "Real Life Blues", "Wake Up Moma")

1994 ''Carnival of Light'' (Ride, "Moonlight Medicine")

1994 ''How Does It Feel to Feel'' (Ride, EP, "Journey to the End of Universe")

1995 ''Still a Few Pages Left'' (Hardin & York, "Stuck On You")

2002 ''Brainwashed'' (George Harrison, "Brainwashed")

2003 ''Bluesheart'' (Miller Anderson, "Help Me", "Runnin' Blues")

2005 ''Legends of Rock - 50 Jahre Rock'' (CD/DVD, live for ZDF 2004)

2005 ''Min Jul'' (Maria Arredondo, arrangements)

2006 ''Gillan's Inn'' (Ian Gillan, "When A Blind Man Cries", "Demon's Eye", "Smoke On The Water")

2008 ''Army of One'' (Espen Lind)

2009 ''Endangered Species - Live At Abbey Road 2000'' (Tony Ashton & Friends, CD/DVD)

2009 ''Childline Rocks 2009'' (Ltd. Ed., "Pictured Within", "Child in Time", "You Keep On Moving")

2010 ''Stay Tuned'' (Bernhard Welz, "Child In Time)

2011 ''Dance'' (The Smith Quartet, writer of "Zarabanda Solitaria")

2011 ''Out of My Mind'' (WhoCares, charity CD single)

Film & TV appearances

1991 ''Deep Purple - Heavy Metal Pioneers'' (Warner, interviewee)

1995 ''Rock Family Trees, ep. 'Deep Purple''' (BBC, interviewee)

2002 ''Classic Albums, ep. 'Deep Purple - Machine Head''' (ITV, interviewee)

2004 ''The South Bank Show, ep. 'Malcolm Arnold - Toward the Unknown Region''' (ITV, interviewee)

2007 ''Ian Gillan - Highway Star: A Journey in Rock'' (interviewee)

2009 ''John Mortimer - A Life in Words'' (BBC, interviewee)

2009 ''Soul To Song, ep. 'Smoke On The Water''' (Japanese TV, interviewee)

2010 ''Heavy Metal Britannia'' (BBC, interviewee)

2010 ''I'm in a Rock n' Roll Band, ep. 'The Other One''' (BBC, interviewee)

Music videos (with Whitesnake & Deep Purple)

1969 ''Hallelujah''

1971 ''No No No''

1972 ''Highway Star''

1980 ''Fool For Your Loving''

1984 ''Slow & Easy''

1984 ''Love Ain't No Stranger''

1985 ''Perfect Strangers''

1985 ''Knocking at Your Back Door''

1985 ''Nobody's Home''

1987 ''Bad Attitude''

1987 ''Call of the Wild''

1988 ''Hush '88''

1991 ''King of Dreams''

1991 ''Love Conquers All''

1996 ''Sometimes I Feel Like Screaming''

References

Further reading

Deep Purple: Charlesworth, Chris (Omnibus Press, 1983)

Deep Purple, Heavy Metal Photo Book: Welch, Chris with Hasebe, Koh (Omnibus Press, 1984)

Deep Purple: Tomasz Szmajter, Roland Bury (In Rock, 1998, 2003, 2009)

Deep Purple: Sailor, Michael (Hannibal Verlag, 2005)

Smoke on the Water, The Deep Purple Story: Thompson, Dave (ECW Press, 2004)

The Complete Deep Purple: Heatley, Michael (Reynolds & Hearn, 2005)

Primary sources

#"Beyond the Notes": Lord, Jon sleeve-notes by subject (Capitol Music, 2004) #"Pictured Within": Lord, Jon sleeve-notes by subject (Virgin Classics, 1997) #"Before I Forget": Jon Lord interviews by Mike Beecher and Phil Easton (1982) #"Sarabande": Notes by Vince Budd, South Uist, research by Simon Robinson, July 1998 #"Burn": 30th Anniversary Edition, notes by Nigel Young, May 2004 #"Made in Japan": sleeve notes to official remastered recording by Simon Robinson (1998) #"Purple Reign": Interview with Jon Lord by Lee Marlow, 26 July 2000 #"Kindred Spirit' magazine: Interview with Jon Lord, Summer 2000 #"Daily Mail": Weekend Magazine, Interview with Jon Lord 'On the Mauve', 1997 #"Keyboard Review": Interview with Jon Lord by Cliff Douse, Issue 139, July 1997 #"Classic Albums: Machine Head' (DVD): Interviews with Jon Lord, Gillan, Glover, Paice, Blackmore, Eagle Rock Entertainment Limited, 2002 #"The Kids Are Alright": Interview with Bill Ashton, MBE, by Vinyl Vulture. #"Jon Lord - With Pictures": 90-minute Australian DVD documentary on Jon Lord with extensive interviews, 2003

External links

Jon Lord's Official Website

Jon Lord interview in the Leicester Mercury

Category:1941 births Category:Living people Category:Deep Purple members Category:English composers Category:English rock keyboardists Category:English heavy metal keyboardists Category:People from Leicester Category:People from Sonning Category:Whitesnake members Category:Alumni of the Central School of Speech and Drama

bg:Джон Лорд cs:Jon Lord da:Jon Lord de:Jon Lord et:Jon Lord es:Jon Lord fa:جان لرد fr:Jon Lord ko:존 로드 hr:Jon Lord it:Jon Lord he:ג'ון לורד ka:ჯონ ლორდი hu:Jon Lord nl:Jon Lord ja:ジョン・ロード no:Jon Lord pl:Jon Lord pt:Jon Lord ro:Jon Lord ru:Лорд, Джон Дуглас sk:Jon Lord fi:Jon Lord sv:Jon Lord tr:Jon Lord uk:Джон Дуглас Лорд

Coordinates	57°09′″N65°32′″N
Name	Steve Balsamo
Background	solo_singer
Birth name	Steve Balsamo
Birth date	May 19, 1971
Origin	Wales
Genre	Pop/Acoustic/Folk Rock
Website	http://www.stevebalsamo.co.uk}}

Steve Balsamo is a Welsh singer and songwriter, famous for his lead role on the London version of ''Jesus Christ Superstar'' during the mid 1990s.

Biography

Steve Balsamo was born in Wales on 19 May 1971, his father a chef from Venice, his mother Welsh. At school, he was dismissed from the choir, being told he could not sing. He channelled his creative leanings into art and attended art school to specialise in painting. At the age of 17, he resumed singing and songwriting, forming several bands which toured pubs and clubs performing renditions of classic rock songs.

He had jobs that included a stint as a piano remover and working at Port Talbot steelworks—in between bouts on the dole—taken to support himself while gigging. He secured a place at Bristol University to study Graphic Art, but turned it down to accept a place at a local music college, where he played the role of Jesus in a production of "Superstar". In the meantime, he taught himself to play guitar and continued to write songs.

Around this time, Balsamo attended a workshop in Cardiff run by The Prince's Trust for unemployed musicians. So successful was Balsamo's performance, that he was asked to open The Prince's Trust Masters of Music Concert at Hyde Park in 1996. The Who, Alanis Morissette, Eric Clapton and Bob Dylan were among those who entertained the 150,000 fans that day.

After a friend mentioned to Steve that Andrew Lloyd Webber was looking for a performer to play the part of Jesus, Balsamo seized the opportunity to showcase his 3½ octave range voice, determined to get the part. Despite his lack of West End experience, he won the role of Jesus from the thousands who auditioned, leading to a memorable headline: "The Son of God is Welsh". On one television performance from the show he not only had Andrew Lloyd Webber weeping, but also managed to sell £160,000 worth of tickets to the show in half an hour. He won a Variety Club award for the role in 1997.

Balsamo signed to Columbia Records and started writing and recording his first album, “All I Am”, which was released in September 2002. The debut single from the album, “Sugar for the Soul” entered the UK Top 40, and was a frequently-requested favourite on The Box music channel and led to a TOTP2 appearance. The second single from the album, “All I Am is You”, was Ken Bruce’s single of the week on Radio 2.

Balsamo returned to the stage in the French musical "Notre Dame de Paris". He then worked on ''Poe: More Tales of Mystery and Imagination'', a new musical and an album by Alan Parsons Project writer Eric Woolfson, based on the life of poet Edgar Alan Poe. It premiered at Abbey Road Studios in 2003.

In 2004, Balsamo formed The Storys, a West Coast influenced country rock band consisting of Andy Collins (bass/vocals/songwriting), Dai Smith (guitar/vocals/songwriting), Alan Thomas (keyboards), Brian Thomas (drums/percussion) and Rob Thompson (guitar/vocals/songwriting). Dai Smith left in 2008 and was replaced by Rosalie Deighton.

Balsamo, along with Storys bandmate Rob and Rob Reed of prog rock band Magenta, also worked on a progrock project called ChimpanA.

Balsamo is a prolific songwriter and has had hits in Europe and Australia with artists such as Meat Loaf, Anthony Callea, Jonatan Cerrada, and Slash of Guns N' Roses. He has also sung on stage with the likes of Mario Frangoulis, Justin Hayward, Lara Fabian, Madeleine Peyroux, Joe Walsh, Glenn Hughes, Steve Harley and Jon Lord.

Theatre

Eric Woolfson's Poe (Concert Performance) - Edgar Allan Poe

''Venue: Abbey Road Studios, London'' (6 to 8 November 2003)

Notre Dame De Paris - Phoebus

''Venue: Dominion Theatre, London'' (May to October 2000)

Jesus Christ Superstar - Jesus of Nazareth

''Venue: Lyceum Theatre, London'' (November 1996 to September 1997)

Les Misérables - Feuilly and understudied and played Marius

''Venue: The Point, Dublin and Edinburgh Playhouse'' (1993)

Discography

Album:

''All I Am'' (Released: 9 September 2002, Columbia Records)

Singles: "Sugar for the Soul" (Released: 4 March 2002, Columbia) UK #32

"All I Am is You" (Released: 2 September 2002, Columbia)

"Immortal" (Released: 2003, Sony Music)

References

External links

Steve Balsamo Official Website

Steve Balsamo Official MySpace

Steve Balsamo biography from BBC Wales

Category:Living people Category:Welsh male singers Category:Welsh songwriters Category:1971 births