Time in Australia

	standard	DST	Zone
	UTC+08:00 (year round)		Western Time
	UTC+09:30 (year round)		Central Time
	UTC+09:30	UTC+10:30	Central Time
	UTC+10:00 (year round)		Eastern Time
	UTC+10:00	UTC+11:00	Eastern Time

Time in Australia is calculated using standard time, with three zones: Australian Western Standard Time (AWST), Australian Central Standard Time (ACST), and Australian Eastern Standard Time (AEST). The three zones use three standard UTC offsets: western (UTC+08:00), central (UTC+09:30) and eastern (UTC+10:00).^[1] Time is regulated by state governments,^[2] and within the three standard time zones daylight saving time (DST) differs between the states and the territories. Australia's external territories observe different time zones.

Standard time was introduced in the 1890s when all of the Dominions adopted it. Before the switch to standard times, each local city or town was free to determine its own local time, called local mean time. Now, Western Australia uses Western Standard Time; South Australia and the Northern Territory use Central Standard Time; and all of the other states and the Australian Capital Territory (A.C.T.) use Eastern Standard Time.

DST is used in South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, and the A.C.T. It is not used in Western Australia, Queensland, or in the Northern Territory.

The history of time[link]

The standardization of time in Australia began in 1892, when surveyors from the six Dominions in Australia met in Melbourne for the Intercolonial Conference of Surveyors. The delegates accepted the recommendation of the International Meridian Conference (of 1884) to adopt Greenwich Mean Time (G.M.T.) as the basis for standard time. Also as with the common practice in other parts of the world, the surveyors devised a system of time zones with offsets in multiples of one hour from G.M.T. The legislatures of the Dominions enacted legislation to this effect, and this took effect in February 1895. The clocks in Western Australia were set ahead of G.M.T. by eight hours; in South Australia by nine hours; and in Queensland, New South Wales, the Dominion of Victoria; and Tasmania by 10 hours. Also, at that time, the Northern Territory was under the jurisdiction of South Australia. The three time zones that were established became known as Eastern, Central and Western Standard Time.

In May 1899, before the establishment of the Australian Federation, the legislature of South Australia pushed Central Standard Time ahead by thirty minutes, disregarding the common practice (worldwide) of setting one-hour intervals between adjacent time zones. Also while doing so, the Dominion of South Australia adopted a time meridian that was located outside of its boundaries – in another departure from international conventions. The half-hour difference between Central Time and Eastern Time makes it easier for officials and businessmen in Adelaide (for example) to do business via the telephone and telegraph with others in Canberra, Melbourne, Sydney, Newcastle, Brisbane, etc., because their usual working hours overlap more than they would with an hour's difference. Proposed legislative attempts to correct these oddities in Central Time in 1986 and 1994 were rejected.

(On the island of Newfoundland, the clocks are set one-half hour ahead of those in Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick. This makes it easier for officials and businessmen on Newfoundland to communicate with their counterparts in those other Provinces. Hence, the situation in Australia is not a unique one.)

When the Northern Territory was separated from South Australia and placed under the jurisdiction of the Federal Government, that Territory kept Central Standard Time. Likewise, when the Australian Capital Territory was created, it retained Eastern Standard Time.

Since 1899, the only major changes in Australian time zones has been the adoption of Central Standard Time in Broken Hill, New South Wales, and the setting of clocks to one-half hour earlier than Eastern time (G.M,T. plus 10:30) on the territory of Lord Howe Island.

When abbreviating "Australian Central Time" and "Australian Eastern Time", in domestic contexts the leading "Australian" may be omitted, however the prefix "A" is often used to avoid ambiguity with the time zone abbreviations "CST" and "EST" referring to the Central and Eastern Time Zones in North America. The use of the abbreviation of "AWST" to describe Australian Western Standard Time (WST) is a commonly-used misnomer.^{[citation needed]}

Time zones and legislation[link]

Though the governments of the states and territories have the power to legislate variations in time, the standard time within each of these is set related to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) as determined by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures and set by section 8AA of the National Measurement Act of 1960 of the British Commonwealth.

Australia has kept a version of the UTC atomic time scale since the 1990s, but Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) remained the formal basis for the standard times of all of the states through 2005. In November 2004, the state and territory attorneys-general endorsed a proposal from the Australian National Measurement Institute to adopt UTC as the standard of all Australian standard times, thereby eliminating the effects of slight variations in the rate of rotation of the Earth that are inherent in mean solar time. All states have adopted the UTC standard, starting on 1 September 2005.

In Victoria, South Australia, Tasmania. and the A.C.T., the starting and ending dates of DST are officially determined by proclamations, declarations, or regulation made by the State Governor or by the responsible minister. Such instruments may be valid for only the current year, and so this section generally only refers to the legislation. In New South Wales and Western Australia, the starting and ending dates, if any, are to be set by legislation.

Western Standard Time (WST) – UTC+08:00

• Western Australia – Standard Time Act 2005^[3]

Central Standard Time (ACST)- UTC+09:30

• South Australia – Standard Time Act 2009^[4] and the Daylight Saving Act 1971^[5]
• Northern Territory – Standard Time Act 2005^[6]

Eastern Standard Time (AEST) – UTC+10:00

• Queensland – Standard Time Act 1894^[7]
• New South Wales – Standard Time Act 1987 No 149^[8]
• Australian Capital Territory – Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972^[9]
• Victoria – Summer Time Act 1972^[10]
• Tasmania – Standard Time Act 1895^[11] and the Daylight Saving Act 2007^[12]

Time zones during standard time

Time zones during daylight-saving time (from southern hemisphere spring until autumn)

Daylight saving time (DST)[link]

A vox-pop from the ABC in Tasmania when DST was introduced in the 1970s.

The choice to use DST or not is a matter for the governments of the individual states and territories. However, during World War I and World War II all states and territories used DST. In 1968 Tasmania became the first state since WW II to use DST, followed in 1971 by New South Wales, the State of Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, and the A.C.T. Western Australia and the Northern Territory did not adopt DST. Queensland abandoned DST in 1972. Queensland and Western Australia have occasionally used DST during the past 40 years during trial periods.

The main DST zones are the following:

• (Australian) Central Daylight Time (CDT or ACDT) – UTC+10:30, in South Australia
• (Australian) Eastern Daylight Time (EDT or AEDT) – UTC+11, in New South Wales, the A.C.T., Victoria, and Tasmania.

During the usual periods of DST, the three standard time zones in Australia become five zones. This includes the areas that do not observe DST: Western Australia (UTC plus 8:00), the Northern Territory (UTC plus 9:30), and Queensland (UTC plus 10:00).

The change to and from DST officially takes place at 2:00 am local standard time the appropriate Sunday. Until 2008, DST usually began on the last Sunday in October, and it ended on the last Sunday in March. However, Tasmania, given its latitude further south, began DST earlier, on the first Sunday in October, and it ended DST on the first Sunday of April.

On 12 April 2007, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, and the A.C.T. agreed to common beginning and ending dates for DST. Beginning in 2008, the start of DST in these states and in South Australia occurs on the first Sunday in October, and its end is on the first Sunday in April. Western Australia became the only state to use DST from the last Sunday in October through the last Sunday in March. In 2009 Western Australia abolished DST.^[13]

Anomalies[link]

Yancowinna County in New South Wales

The town of Broken Hill, in far western New South Wales, joins South Australia in using Central Time. Lord Howe Island in the Pacific Ocean uses UTC plus 10:30 during the winter months, but its people advance their clocks by one-half hour to UTC plus 11:00 in the summertime, causing time on this island to follow that of the rest of New South Wales for half of the year, but not during the other half.

Residents of towns east of Caiguna on the Eyre Highway (including Eucla, Madura, Mundrabilla and Border Village) in the southeastern corner of Western Australia, close to the border with South Australia, do not follow Western Australian time. Instead, they use what is unofficially known as Central Western Standard Time, which is halfway between Western and Central time: UTC plus 8:45. This area kept its fixed offset from UTC when DST was introduced in South Australia. During the Western Australian trial of DST from 2006 through 2009, the people of the Central Western area also set their clocks ahead one hour during the local summer. The total population of that area is estimated at 200 people.^[15]

The Indian Pacific train has its own time zone – a so-called "train time" when travelling between Kalgoorlie, Western Australia and Port Augusta, South Australia - which was at UTC plus 9:00 hours during November 2005 when DST was observed in the eastern and southern states. This was because of the 2.5 hour difference in times between South Australia and Western Australia.

External territories[link]

Australia's external territories follow their own time zones.

Special events[link]

In 2000, all of the eastern jurisdictions that normally observe DST — New South Wales, Victoria, the A.C.T., and Tasmania — began DST early because of the Summer Olympic Games held in Sydney. These jurisdictions moved to DST on 27 August 2000. South Australians did not change their clocks until the usual date, which was 29 October 2000.

In 2006, all of the states that followed DST (the above states and South Australia) delayed their return to Standard Times by one week, because of the Commonwealth Games held in Melbourne. DST ended on 2 April 2006.

National times[link]

There are situations in which a nationwide time is in effect. In the case of business activities, a national time, can be used. For example, a prospectus for the issue of stock in a company would usually set the closing time for offers at some location (e.g. Sydney) as the time when offers must be received, regardless of the source of the offer. Similarly, tenders for their sale of stock usually set out the time at a given location by which they must be received to be considered. Another example is the Australian Stock Exchange which operates on Eastern Standard Time

On the other hand, Federal legislation yields to state-regulated standard times in many diverse situations. For example, it yields in setting the normal working times of Federal employees, the recognition of public holidays, etc. The Federal government also relies on local times for Federal elections, so that the polls in Western Australia closes, two or three hours after those in the eastern states. Also, documents to be filed in a Federal Court may be filed based on the local time. The effect of this is that if there had been a failure to file a legal document on time in an eastern State, that document can sometimes still be filed (within two hours) in Western Australia.

IANA time zone database[link]

The 12 zones for Australia as given by zone.tab of the IANA time zone database. Columns marked * are from the zone.tab.

Debate, trials, and referendums[link]

Queensland[link]

Queensland has had a particularly involved debate over DST, with public opinion geographically divided. A referendum on DST in 1992, following a three-year trial (1989/90 - 1991/92), and was defeated with a 54.5 percent negative vote.^[16] The referendum result displayed a distinct trend - that public opinion on DST in Queensland is geographically divided, with the negative vote being strongest in northern and western districts, while the positive vote being strongest in the southeastern region (e.g. in Brisbane.^[17]

Since the early 2000s, there have been a number of petitions submitted to Legislative Assembly of Queensland, lobbying for the introduction of DST or for another referendum to be held. A petition in 2006 was signed by 62,232 people.^[18] In response to these petitions, then Queensland Premier Peter Beattie commissioned research to find out if DST should be re-introduced into Queensland. Around this time, Premier Peter Beattie predicted that DST in Queensland would increase the rate of skin cancer in the state, an assertion for which there is no evidence, according to the Queensland Cancer Fund.^[19]

In October 2007, the completed government-commissioned research was presented to the new Premier Anna Bligh, who ruled out holding a new referendum, despite the report indicating that 59 percent of the residents of Queensland and 69 percent of those in southeastern Queensland to be in favour of adopting DST.^[20]

In December 2008, the Daylight Saving for South East Queensland (DS4SEQ) political Party was officially registered, to advocate for the use of a two-time-zone system for DST in Queensland, with most the State (in land area) using standard time. This party contested the March 2009 Queensland State election with 32 candidates, and it received about one percent of the statewide primary vote.^[21]

In early 2010, the DS4SEQ political party approached the independent member, Peter Wellington, to introduce a private member's bill for DST.^[22] Since Mr. Wellington agreed with the principles of the DS4SEQ proposal, specifically the dual-time-zone system, he drafted the DST for southeastern Queensland Referendum Bill of 2010 and he submitted this bill to Queensland Parliament on 14 April 2010.^[23] Wellington has called for a referendum to be held at the next State election on the introduction of DST into southeastern Queensland under the dual-time-zone system.

In response to this bill, the Premier of Queensland, Anna Bligh, announced a community consultation process, which resulted in over 74,000 respondents participating, 64 percent of whom voted in favour of a trial, and 63 percent of whom were in favour of holding a referendum.^[24] The decision announced by the Premier on 7 June 2010 was that her Government would not support the bill because rural Queenslanders were overwhelmingly opposed to DST.^[25] The Bill was defeated in Queensland Parliament on 15 June 2011.^[26]

Western Australia[link]

Western Australia has also had a particularly involved debate over DST, with the issue being put to a referendum four times: in 1975, 1984, 1992, and 2009. All of these proposals to adopt DST were defeated. Voters registered a negative vote of 54.6 percent in 2009, the highest percentage for all four of these referendums. Each referendum followed a trial period during which the state observed DST. The first three followed a one-year trial, while the 2006 Western Australian Daylight Saving Bill (No. 2) 2006 instituted a trial of DST beginning on 3 December 2006, and lasting for three years.^[27] DST was again rejected in the DST referendum of 2009.

See also[link]

Australia portal

• List of time zones
• Daylight Saving for South East Queensland
• Daylight Saving for South East Queensland Referendum Act 2010
• Queensland daylight savings referendum, 1992

Notes[link]

References[link]

• The Australian National Time System National Standards Commission Leaflet No. 8, January 2003. Linked via Wayback machine
• NSW Legislative Council Hansard, 2 March 2005
• Daylight Saving Petitions
• Daylight Saving Time History of daylight saving time implementation dates at the Bureau of Meteorology website.

External links[link]

• Information on time zones from official Government web site
• Daylight Saving for South East Queensland political party Official DS4SEQ website

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (October 2009)

Christian Audigier
Christian Audigier.
Born	(1958-05-21) May 21, 1958 (age 54) Avignon, France[1]
Occupation	Fashion designer
Labels	Ed Hardy Von Dutch Christian Audigier
Website
www.christianaudigier.com

Christian Audigier.

Christian Audigier,(French pronunciation: [k?istj?~ odi?je]) born on May 21, 1958 in Avignon (Vaucluse), is a fashion designer and French entrepreneur, installed in the United States. In 2010, his fortune was estimated at 250 million dollars.^[2]

Biography[link]

Christian Audigier was raised by his mother in Southern France; coming from a modest family, he leaves school at the age of 14 to start working. He soon realized his passion for James Dean and the American dream; He eventually infiltrates into Saint-Tropez nightlife and became indefectible friends with Johnny Hallyday. Keys-in-hand, Christian Audigier organizes parties for the latter in his famous Villa La Lorada.

In 2000 Christian Audigier started a new life in Los Angeles with 500 dollars in his pocket. Once in Hollywood, he would meet several celebrities (Michael Jackson, Britney Spears, Jessica Alba, Mariah Carey, Paris Hilton, Miley Cyrus, Snoop Dogg, Chris Brown, Usher, Madonna, among others) and built up a renowned clientele. He popped up with the “Celebrity Wear” concept, a concept which would make him famous later. He paid paparazzi to photograph stars like Britney Spears, Justin Timberlake or Madonna walking out of his shop on Melrose Avenue wearing his t-shirts and caps… the advertising paid off.

He is also known for contributing to the design of major brands such as Eagle Outfitters, Chipie, Lee, Levi's, Liberto, Kookai and Naf Naf ^[3]; in 2004, Christian Audigier left Von Dutch, where one of his greatest achievements was to put the brand back in fashion, to star his own business: Don Ed Hardy and Smet, in collaboration with Johnny Hallyday. Both brands were inspired by White Trash and Rock'n Roll. Among his projects, Christian Audigier also created his own brand and teamed up with a wine cooperative in France called Montpeyroux.

Christian Audigier is known for his receptions attended by the jet set at his place in Los Angeles. He has four children: Rocco, Mick Jagger, Dylan, and Crystal Vito. Christian Audigier launched the brand Crystal Rock Inspired by his daughter Crystal. He also takes full advantage of this extraordinary success to spend more time with his children and his extraordinary companion, the Brazilian model Nathalie Sorensen.

In 2009, Audigier published his autobiography: My American Dream: From the cities of Avignon to the City of Angels. The same year, his companies produced a turnover of 264 million. In October 2009, Audigier said he would be interested in investing in shares of Club Med, around 1 up to 3%. In 2011, he sold the brand Ed Hardy to Iconix Brand Group Inc. for $ 62 million.^[4]

In 2012, he launch his new brands Lady Baltimore^[5] and Lord Baltimore^[6].

Brands[link]

• Christian Audigier
• Ed Hardy
• Smet
• Crystal Rock
• Paco Chicano
• C-Bar-A
• Rock Fabulous
• CA Motoring
• VIF Speedshop
• Garage Parts
• Fiorucci
• Von Dutch
• Lady Baltimore & Lord Baltimore

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Christian Audigier

• Christian Audigier Official Website
• Ed Hardy shop
• Christian Audigier designer profile at Fashion Model Directory

Miranda Kerr
Miranda Kerr in 2012
Born	Miranda May Kerr (1983-04-20) 20 April 1983 (age 29)[1] Sydney, Australia
Height	1.75 m (5 ft 9 in)
Hair color	Brown
Eye color	Blue
Measurements	32–24–34 (US) 81–61–86 (EU)[2]
Dress size	6 US/36 EU[2]
Shoe size	8 US/39 EU[2]
Manager	IMG Models Traffic Models Chic Management[2]
Spouse	Orlando Bloom (2010–present)
Children	1
Website
www.mirandakerr.net

Miranda May Kerr (born 20 April 1983)^[1] is an Australian model. Kerr rose to prominence in 2007 as one of the Victoria's Secret Angels. She is the first Australian to participate in the Victoria's Secret campaign and also represents Australian fashion chain David Jones.

Kerr began modeling in the fashion industry when she was 13, starting at Chaay's Modelling Agency, and soon after winning a 1997 Australian nationwide model search hosted by Dolly magazine and Impulse fragrances.^[3] She is married to English actor Orlando Bloom.^[4]

Early life and family[link]

Kerr was born in Sydney^[5] and raised in the small town of Gunnedah, New South Wales.^[6] She is the daughter of Therese and John Kerr. She has a brother, Matthew, who is two years younger. In an interview, Kerr stated she is of English, French, and Scottish descent. During her childhood, Kerr "raced motorbikes and rode horses on her grandmother's farm." She describes her early life in the Australian countryside as "very grounding ... there wasn't any pretentiousness and no one really cared what you were wearing. You could just be you."^[7]

Her family moved to Brisbane to allow Kerr and her brother to experience city life. She graduated from All Hallows' School in 2000. Kerr studied nutrition and health psychology before pursuing modeling.^[8][9]

Career[link]

1997–2006[link]

At age 13, Kerr entered and won the 1997 annual Dolly Magazine/Impulse Model Competition. She was flown to Sydney a week before her 14th birthday to shoot for the magazine. Upon Kerr's win, local media expressed "concerned outrage" at her young age. The controversy raised concerns about the glorification of young girls within the fashion, beauty, and entertainment industries.^[7] Some media outlets claimed her Dolly shoot (including images of a 14-year-old Kerr in bathing suits) constituted a form of paedophilia. Of the press, Kerr said: "In the media at the time they were trying to cling on to anything remotely to do with paedophilia. Dolly is a magazine for teenage girls, not for old men. And I was fully clothed! Doing a winter shoot! They just made something out of nothing."^[3]

Kerr signed to Chic Management's Sydney division. She received considerable commercial exposure after a series of beachwear ads predominantly for Australian surf chain Billabong, in which Kerr modeled surf brands Tigerlily, Roxy, Billabong Girls, and One Teaspoon. This increased her profile in the Australian and Asian markets, after which Kerr relocated to New York where she became co-owner of the Bowery Ballroom.^[3][7]

Miranda Kerr in 2004 for Ober Jeans.

In New York, Kerr had a multitude of runway appearances and then signed with NEXT Model Management in early 2004. From there, she was booked for runway and print campaigns for major labels, including Alex Perry, Baby Phat, Lisa Ho, Voodoo Dolls, Levi's, Bettina Liano, Nicola Finetti, L.A.M.B., Heatherette, Betsey Johnson, Trelise Cooper, Jets, John Richmond, Blumarine Swimwear, Neiman Marcus, Seafolly Swimwear, Anna Molinari, Rock and Republic, Roberto Cavalli, and Ober Jeans.^[2] Kerr was also booked for print in magazines such as Elle, Australian Vogue and Harper's Bazaar, and was featured in television advertisements for brands like Portmans, Bonds, and Veet.^[3][7]

In early 2006, Kerr appeared in the finale episode of the TV show Project Runway, modeling clothes for contestant Daniel Vosovic's final collection. She was the first woman to walk down the catwalk. She debuted with the United States market when she signed a lucrative cosmetics contract with Maybelline New York. The campaign ran in a series of internationally sold women's beauty magazines, including Cosmopolitan, CLEO, and Elle, and was eventually featured in Victoria's Secret catalogues.^[7] She (along with several other Victoria's Secret and Next agency models) was also featured in a music video for the American hip-hop single "Number One" by artists Kanye West and Pharrell.^[3]

2007–present[link]

Following her success with Maybelline,^[7] Kerr became the first Australian model to be offered a contract with Victoria's Secret in 2007, replacing Gisele Bündchen. Upon her acceptance, she became the first ever Australian Victoria's Secret Angel^[10] joining the stable of models already signed to the lingerie giant, including Alessandra Ambrosio, Karolína Kurková, Adriana Lima, Selita Ebanks, Izabel Goulart, and Heidi Klum. Before becoming an Angel in 2007, Kerr was already picked to become the successor of Alessandra Ambrosio as the face of PINK in 2006. Kerr's popularity continued to increase as one of the globally recognized Angels when she appeared in the Victoria's Secret 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009 televised runway shows, which aired on four continents.^[7]

Miranda Kerr at the Louis Vuitton Red Carpet Launch 2011

In 2007, Kerr had signed on as the face of Californian fashion retailer Arden B. After debuting in their Spring and Summer ad campaigns, Kerr returned for their Fall 2007 campaign, shot by fashion photographer Diego Uchitel.^[3] Following her modeling success with Victoria's Secret, Kerr made a small guest appearance in the CBS sitcom How I Met Your Mother alongside fellow Angels: Adriana Lima, Marisa Miller, Alessandra Ambrosio, Heidi Klum, and Selita Ebanks.^[3] She also became the new face of Clinique Happy and signed a lucrative six-figure deal to be the new face of Australian department store David Jones, replacing model Megan Gale.^[11] In 2008, having earned an estimated $3.5 million in the past 12 months, Forbes placed Kerr tenth in the list of the world's top-earning models.^[12]

Since 2009, Kerr was in the spring/summer ad campaign for XOXO.^[13] She was in Forbes 2009 list of the world's highest-paid models, ranking 9th with estimated earnings of $3 million.^[14] She left NEXT Model Management and signed with IMG Models.^[15] Kerr posed nude on the cover of Rolling Stone Australia's July 2009 issue.^[16] She then ended the year walking in the annual Victoria's Secret Fashion Show.^[15]

In October 2009, Kerr launched her own brand of organic skincare products, Kora Organics, with George Moskos,^[17] and become the face for Kora Organic Skincare.^[13]

In June 2009, Kerr posed naked, chained to a tree, for an issue of Rolling Stone Australia magazine, in order to raise awareness for the endangered koalas.^[16] Her charitable work includes Wildlife Warriors Worldwide and Children International.^[18] In August 2010, Kerr released an inspirational self-esteem, self-help book, Treasure Yourself. Treasure Yourself is aimed at female teenagers.^[18]

She appeared in the 2010 Pirelli Calendar photographed by Terry Richardson in Bahia, Brazil.^[19] Previously better known for her Victoria's Secret status rather than her high fashion work, Balenciaga is credited for launching her high fashion modeling career when casting directors Ashley Brokaw and Nicolas Ghesquière chose her to walk exclusively for the brand's spring 2010 runway show.^[20] It was her first designer fashion show, aside from Victoria's Secret, since 2007.^[2] A season later she walked for design company Prada for their Fall 2010 collection in Milan alongside fellow Angels Doutzen Kroes and Alessandra Ambrosio.^[21] Kerr then modeled for campaigns for Prada and Jil Sander, and was shot by Steven Meisel for the cover of Italian Vogue for September.^[20]

In January 2011, Kerr became the first pregnant model for Vogue when featured in Vogue Australia, being six months pregnant at the time of the shoot.^[22] In March she hit the catwalk for Balenciaga's Fall 2011 Ready-to-Wear collection as part of Paris Fashion Week, two months after giving birth.^[23] Kerr also posed nude for a 2011 Harper's Bazaar photo shoot.^[24] In October at Paris Fashion Week SS12 she walked the runway for Christian Dior, Lanvin, Chanel, John Galliano, Stella McCartney, Viktor & Rolf and Loewe.^[25] Kerr was chosen to present the $2.5 million Victoria's Secret Fantasy Treasure Bra for their fashion show in November 2011.^[26]

In January 2012, she was named ambassador for Qantas.^[27]

Public image[link]

Kerr in Perth on 21 February 2009

Models.com ranks her number 4 on the Top 20 sexiest models.^[28] She has been ranked in FHM's '100 Sexiest Women' poll at #56 in 2009, #36 in 2010, and #44 in 2011.^[29] She was named one of the "100 Hottest Women of All-Time" by Men's Health.^[30]

Kerr's model trademark is her dimples. Celebrity photographer Russell James said of Kerr, "The US has fallen in love with her. We love her because she has the most incredible girl-next-door look and she's also insanely beautiful. It means women are not intimidated by her looks and guys think they might be able to talk to her. It's a fantastic combination ... people want to be around her; she's fun on a shoot … and she's not stupid, which can be a very annoying trait among some models." Model agent Ursula Hufnagl described Kerr as "the perfect endorsement", citing her ability to "truly sell a product".^[7]

In early February 2010, Kerr inadvertently became the subject of global headlines when David Kiely, a banker at Macquarie Bank in Sydney, was caught viewing more explicit photos of her on his computer while in the background of a colleague's live television interview with Channel 7. Within days, a clip of the interview uploaded onto YouTube received over 1.3 million hits.^[31] Eventually, Kiely was suspended and an internet campaign launched on his behalf. Kerr herself gave him her backing: "I am told there is a petition to save his job, and of course I would sign it." The incident prompted a 100% increase in the number of Google searches for Kerr's name.^[32] A few days after the incident, Macquarie Bank announced that Kiely would keep his job.^[33]

Personal life[link]

Kerr practices Nichiren Buddhism and believes "we have a responsibility to bring peace and harmony to our lives and the world." As part of her Nichiren beliefs, Kerr reportedly chants every morning and night for 20 minutes, practices yoga, meditates, and reads widely on spirituality.^[7] She maintains her physique through daily yoga, light jogging, and a diet of steamed vegetables, fresh fruit, and fish.^[34] Kerr's mother Therese has been the General Manager of KORA Organics since February 2010.^[35] The company is based in Sydney. Kerr's brother Matt also works for the company.

In 2003, Kerr began dating finance broker Adrian Camilleri. Following an Australian Securities and Investments Commission investigation, Camilleri was found guilty on five counts of fraudulent behaviour from February 2003 to February 2004. Kerr subsequently ended the relationship. A 2007 newspaper report claims that Kerr suffered financially "after taking her boyfriend's financial advice" but chose not to take legal action.^[36]

She formerly dated Jay Lyon (Brent Tuhtan), the lead singer of the band Tamarama, who has made appearances on season one of the MTV series The City. Kerr starred in Tamarama's video clip for "Everything To Me". The two began dating in 2003 and had a four year relationship, which ended on mutual terms in mid-2007.^[37]

Kerr began dating actor Orlando Bloom in late 2007.^[38] He is also an SGI member. On 12 February 2009, Kerr and Bloom participated in the "Australia Unites" fundraiser to raise money for the victims of the Australian bushfires on 7 February 2009.^[39] In 2009, the Bling Ring broke into Bloom's home. The group stole luxury brand clothing and jewelry. In this case, the ringleader allegedly wanted Kerr's Victoria's Secret lingerie.^[40] The couple's engagement was announced on 21 June 2010.^[41] Kerr released a statement on 22 July 2010, confirming that she and Bloom had married in "an intimate ceremony."^[4] On 6 January 2011, Kerr gave birth to their first child, a son named Flynn Christopher Blanchard Copeland Bloom.^[42][43][44] The middle name Christopher comes from Kerr's ex-boyfriend,^[45] Christopher Middlebrook^[46] who died in a car accident in 1998 when they were 15. The two were still dating at the time.^[47]

Kerr told readers of Australian Cosmopolitan that coconut oil was the key to her clear skin, shiny hair and trim figure, saying she ingests four tablespoons a day, either on salads, in her cooking or in her cups of green tea.^[48][49]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Miranda Kerr

• Official website
• Miranda Kerr on Twitter
• Miranda Kerr on Facebook
• Miranda Kerr at the Internet Movie Database
• Miranda Kerr at the Fashion Model Directory