An island or isle is any piece of sub-continental land that is surrounded by water. Very small islands such as emergent land features on atolls can be called islets, cays or keys. An island in a river or an island in a lake may be called an eyot (also ait ), or holm. A grouping of geographically or geologically related islands is called an archipelago.

An island may still be described as such despite the presence of an artificial land bridge, for example Singapore and its causeway, or the various Dutch delta islands, such as IJsselmonde. Some places may even retain "island" in their names for historical reasons after being connected to a larger landmass by a wide land bridge, such as Coney Island. Conversely, when a piece of land is separated from the mainland by a man-made canal, for example the Peloponnese by the Corinth Canal, it is generally not considered an island.

There are two main types of islands: continental islands and oceanic islands. There are also artificial islands.

Etymology[link]

The word ''island'' comes from Middle English ''iland'', from Old English ''igland'' (from ''ig'', similarly meaning 'island' when used independently, and -land carrying its contemporary meaning; cf. Dutch ''eiland'' ("island"), German ''Eiland'' ("small island")). However, the spelling of the word was modified in the 15th century due to an incorrect association with the etymologically unrelated Old French loanword ''isle'', which itself comes from the Latin word ''insula''. Old English ''ig'' is actually a cognate of Latin ''aqua'' (water).

Size[link]

Greenland is the world's largest island with an area of over 2.1 million km², while Australia, the world's smallest continent has an area of 7.6 million km², but there is no standard of size which distinguishes islands from continents, or from islets.

Types of islands[link]

===Continental islands=== Continental islands are bodies of land that lie on the continental shelf of a continent. Examples include Greenland, Long Island, and Sable Island off North America; Barbados and Trinidad off South America; Great Britain, Ireland and Sicily off Europe; Sumatra, Borneo and Java off Asia; and New Guinea, Tasmania and Kangaroo Island off Australia.

A special type of continental island is the microcontinental island, which results when a continent is rifted. Examples are Madagascar and Socotra off Africa; New Zealand; New Caledonia; the Kerguelen Islands; and some of the Seychelles.

Another subtype is an island or bar formed by deposition of tiny rocks where a water current loses some of its carrying capacity. An example is barrier islands, which are accumulations of sand deposited by sea currents on the continental shelf. Another example is islands in river deltas or in large rivers. While some are transitory and may disappear if the volume or speed of the current changes, others are stable and long-lived. Islets are very small islands.

Oceanic islands[link]

Oceanic islands are ones that do not sit on continental shelves. The vast majority are volcanic in origin. The few oceanic islands that are not volcanic are tectonic in origin and arise where plate movements have lifted up the deep ocean floor to above the surface. Examples of this include Saint Peter and Paul Rocks in the Atlantic Ocean and Macquarie Island in the Pacific.

One type of volcanic oceanic island is found in a volcanic island arc. These islands arise from volcanoes where the subduction of one plate under another is occurring. Examples include the Mariana Islands, the Aleutian Islands and most of Tonga in the Pacific Ocean. Some of the Lesser Antilles and the South Sandwich Islands are the only Atlantic Ocean examples.

Another type of volcanic oceanic island occurs where an oceanic rift reaches the surface. There are two examples: Iceland, which is the world's second largest volcanic island, and Jan Mayen — both are in the Atlantic.

A third type of volcanic oceanic island is formed over volcanic hotspots. A hotspot is more or less stationary relative to the moving tectonic plate above it, so a chain of islands results as the plate drifts. Over long periods of time, this type of island is eventually "drowned" by isostatic adjustment and eroded, becoming a seamount. Plate movement across a hot-spot produces a line of islands oriented in the direction of the plate movement. An example is the Hawaiian Islands, from Hawaii to Kure, which then extends beneath the sea surface in a more northerly direction as the Emperor Seamounts. Another chain with similar orientation is the Tuamotu Archipelago; its older, northerly trend is the Line Islands. The southernmost chain is the Austral Islands, with its northerly trending part the atolls in the nation of Tuvalu. Tristan da Cunha is an example of a hotspot volcano in the Atlantic Ocean. Another hot spot in the Atlantic is the island of Surtsey, which was formed in 1963.

An atoll is an island formed from a coral reef that has grown on an eroded and submerged volcanic island. The reef rises to the surface of the water and forms a new island. Atolls are typically ring-shaped with a central lagoon. Examples include the Maldives in the Indian Ocean and Line Islands in the Pacific.

Tropical islands[link]

There are approximately 45,000 tropical islands on Earth. Among coral tropic islands for example are Maldives, Tonga, Nauru and Polynesia. Granite islands include Seychelles and Tioman. The socio-economic diversity of these regions ranges from the Stone Age societies in the interior of Madagascar, Borneo or Papua New Guinea to the high-tech lifestyles of the city-islands of Singapore and Hong Kong. International tourism is a significant factor in the local economy of Seychelles, Sri Lanka, Mauritius, Réunion, Hawaii and the Maldives, among others.

Desert islands[link]

A desert island is an island with no people. Typically, a desert island is denoted as such because it exists in a state of being deserted, or abandoned. Note that an arid desert climate is not typically implied; one dictionary uses the phrase 'desert island' to illustrate the use of 'desert' as an adjective meaning "desolate and sparsely occupied or unoccupied". According to another, "A desert island is a small tropical island, where nobody lives or an undiscovered island."

See also[link]

-land

Archipelago

Desert island

High island

Inland island

Insularity

Island biogeography

Island country

Island hopping

Phantom island

Private island

Reef

Skerry

Small Island Developing States

Tidal island

Tied island

List of ancient islands

List of archipelagos

List of artificial islands

List of divided islands

List of fictional islands

List of island countries

List of islands by area

List of islands (by continent)

List of islands (by country)

List of islands by highest point

List of islands by name

List of islands (by ocean, sea, lake or river)

List of islands by population

List of islands by population density

List of islands in lakes

List of islands named after people

List of islands of the European Union

References[link]

External links[link]

Definition of island from United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

Listing of islands from United Nations Island Directory.

Category:Coastal and oceanic landforms Category:Fluvial landforms

ace:Pulo af:Eiland als:Insel ar:جزيرة an:Isla arc:ܓܙܪܬܐ ast:Islla az:Ada bn:দ্বীপ zh-min-nan:Tó-sū be:Востраў be-x-old:Востраў bcl:Isla bg:Остров bs:Ostrvo br:Enezenn ca:Illa cv:Утрав ceb:Pulo cs:Ostrov sn:Chitsuwa cy:Ynys da:Ø de:Insel et:Saar el:Νησί eml:Îsla es:Isla eo:Insulo eu:Uharte (geografia) fa:جزیره hif:Island fo:Oyggj fr:Île fy:Eilân ga:Oileán gv:Ellan gd:Eilean gl:Illa gan:島 ko:섬 haw:Mokupuni hy:Կղզի hi:द्वीप hr:Otok io:Insulo id:Pulau ia:Insula os:Сакъадах is:Eyja it:Isola he:אי jv:Pulo krc:Айрымкан ka:კუნძული kk:Арал sw:Kisiwa kv:Ді ht:Il ku:Girav mrj:Ошмаоты lad:Isola la:Insula lv:Sala lb:Insel lt:Sala ln:Esanga jbo:daplu lmo:Isula hu:Sziget mk:Остров mg:Nosy ml:ദ്വീപ് mr:द्वीप xmf:კოკი (გეოგრაფია) arz:جزيره ms:Pulau mwl:Ilha mn:Арал my:ကျွန်း(ကုန်းမြေ) nah:Tlālhuāctli nl:Eiland nds-nl:Eilaand ja:島 nap:Isula pih:Ailen no:Øy nn:Øy nrm:Île oc:Illa mhr:Отро pap:Isla ps:ټاپو km:កោះ tpi:Ailan nds:Insel pl:Wyspa pnb:جزیرہ pt:Ilha ro:Insulă rmy:Dvip qu:Wat'a ru:Остров sah:Арыы (география) sg:Zûa sco:Island nso:Sehlakehlake sq:Ishulli scn:Ìsula si:දූපත් simple:Island sk:Ostrov sl:Otok szl:Wyspa so:Jasiirad ckb:دوورگە sr:Острво sh:Ostrvo su:Pulo fi:Saari sv:Ö (landområde) tl:Pulo ta:தீவு tt:Утрау te:ద్వీపం th:เกาะ tr:Ada uk:Острів ur:جزیرہ vec:Ixoła vi:Đảo wa:Iye war:Purô wo:Dun wuu:岛屿 yi:אינזל yo:Erékùṣù zh-yue:島 zh:島嶼

Name	Paul Brady
Background	solo_singer
Birth name	Paul Joseph Brady
Birth date	May 19, 1947
Origin	Strabane, Co. Tyrone, Northern Ireland
Instrument	Vocals, guitar, piano, mandolin, bouzouki, tin whistle
Genre	Folk, pop, traditional Irish
Occupation	Musician, songwriter, record producer
Years active	1965–present
Associated acts	Planxty, The Johnstons
Website	http://www.paulbrady.com/ }}

Paul Joseph Brady (born 19 May 1947) is an Irish singer-songwriter, whose work straddles folk and pop. He was interested in a wide variety of music from an early age. During his career he has passed through several major bands and on to a successful solo phase. Initially popular for playing traditional Irish music in a duo with Andy Irvine, and later with Tommy Peoples and Matt Molloy he later turned to a more rock inspired electric style with poignant political lyrics. Among his most popular songs are "Crazy Dreams", "Nothing but the Same Old Story", "The Island", "Night Hunting" (covered by Santana), and "Steel Claw" and "Paradise is Here"(covered by Tina Turner).

Background[link]

Brady was born in the small town of Strabane in County Tyrone, on the border with County Donegal. His father Seán Brady was a music teacher teaching the flute. Brady was educated at Sion Mills Primary School, St. Columb's College, Derry and University College Dublin. He is prominently featured in the documentary film The Boys of St. Columb’s. He began learning piano around age six and by the age of eleven he had begun to play guitar, spending hours of his school holidays learning every tune the Shadows and The Ventures recorded, and was also strongly influenced by Chuck Berry. In 1963, Brady began performing as a hotel piano player in Bundoran, Donegal. He attended University College Dublin in October 1964 and performed with a string of RnB groups, covering songs by the likes of Ray Charles and James Brown. The first of these was 'The Inmates' (late 1964-about April 1965), who evolved into 'The Kult' (about April–December 1965), featuring Brady, Jackie McAuley (ex-Them, and future Belfast Gypsies and Trader Horne), Brendan Bonass, and Dave Pennefather. Brady can be seen in the film ''Charlie Is My Darling'' waiting outside Dublin's Adelphi Theatre for the Rolling Stones' 3 September 1965 concert. He next joined 'Rootzgroup' (late 1965-May 1966) and 'Rockhouse' (about May–December 1966).

Musical career[link]

1960s and 1970s[link]

During his time at college in Dublin, the country saw a huge rise in interest in traditional Irish music. Brady joined the popular Irish band The Johnstons when Michael Johnston left in May 1967. They moved to London, UK in 1969 and subsequently to New York City in 1972 to expand their audience. Despite some success, Brady returned to Ireland in 1974 to join the Irish group Planxty. This was the band that was to launch the solo careers of Andy Irvine, Liam O'Flynn, Dónal Lunny, and Christy Moore. Planxty dissolved and from 1976 to 1978 he played as a duo with Andy Irvine, a relationship which produced ''Andy Irvine and Paul Brady''. The album was hugely successful and garnered much critical acclaim. The next few years saw him establish his popularity and reputation as one of Ireland's best interpreters of traditional songs. His versions of ballads like ''Arthur McBride'' and ''The Lakes of Pontchartrain'' were considered definitive and are still popular at concerts today. In 1975 in New York he recorded three albums for Shanachie Records as guitar accompanist to resident Irish fiddlers Andy McGann, Paddy Reynolds and John Vesey. He also recorded a 1976 album for the same label with Irish fiddler Tommy Peoples.

Solo career[link]

In 1978, Brady released his first solo album, ''Welcome Here Kind Stranger''. It won him critical acclaim and it was awarded the Melody Maker Folk Album of the Year, however, it would prove to be Brady's last album with traditional material. He decided to delve into pop and rock music, and released his first album of this genre in 1981, ''Hard Station''. The completely self-penned record received mixed reviews, some fans of his older traditional material were not convinced, while the majority recognised his great talent of writing rock music. Brady released a number of successful solo albums throughout the 1980s, ''True For You'' (1983), ''Back to the Centre'' (1985), and ''Primitive Dance'' (1987). By the end of the decade, Brady was recognised and accepted as a respected performer and songwriter. His songs were being covered by a number of other artists, including Santana and Dave Edmunds. For a full list of artists who have covered his songs see his own website http://www.paulbrady.com . Contrary to what is often written, Brady doesn't write for other artists but for his own self-expression. Other artists pick up on his songs because of the inherent quality. When Tina Turner heard a demo of his song 'Paradise Is Here' she recorded it for her ''Break Every Rule'' album of 1986. By now he was a favourite songwriter among such artists as Bob Dylan and Bonnie Raitt, who would do a duet with Brady on his 1991 LP, ''Trick or Treat''. A couple of Brady songs soon appeared on Raitt's album ''Luck of the Draw'', including the title track.

Bob Dylan was sufficiently impressed by Brady's work to name-check him in the booklet of his 1985 box set "Biograph'. The actual quote was “..people get too famous too fast these days and it destroys them. Some guys got it down- Leonard Cohen, Paul Brady, Lou Reed, secret heroes,- John Prine, David Allen Coe,Tom Waits. I listen more to that kind of stuff than whatever is popular at the moment. They’re not just witchdoctoring up the planet, they don’t set up barriers…". Again, contrary to what has become accepted fact, Bob Dylan never said that Paul Brady was 'one of the five artists worth getting out of bed for'. That was a paraphrase of the original quote by a journalist in an 80's UK music paper.

Since his ''Hard Station'' album (1981) Brady has been on various major labels until the late 90s when he started his own label, PeeBee Music. He released three albums in the 1990s, ''Trick or Treat'', a remixed compilation of earlier songs 'Songs And Crazy Dreams' and ''Spirits Colliding''. They were met with critical acclaim. ''Trick or Treat'' was on Fontana/Mercury Records, and received a lot of promotion. As a result, some critics considered it his debut and noted that the record benefited from the expertise of experienced studio musicians as well as producer Gary Katz, who worked with the rock group Steely Dan. Rolling Stone, after praising Brady's earlier but less-known solo records, called ''Trick or Treat'' Brady's "most compelling collection."

To date (Nov 2010) Brady has gone on to record several other albums (15 in total since he went solo in 1978) and collaborated with Bonnie Raitt and Richard Thompson to name but two. For a complete list of his many collaborations see his own website. In 2006 he collaborated with Cara Dillon on the track ''The Streets of Derry'' from her album ''After the Morning''. He has also worked with Fiachra Trench.

He performed Gaelic songs as a character in the 2002 Matthew Barney film ''Cremaster 3''. He also played tin whistle on the single "One" by Greg Pearle in 2008, from the album Beautiful You a collaboration between Greg Pearle and John Illsley. This song "One" featured in the 2008 film Anton, directed by Graham Cantwell.

Brady's fifteenth studio album 'Hooba Dooba' was released in March 2010. Widely acclaimed as one of his finest (see reviews on his website) he continues to tour, record and collaborate in a variety of creative projects around the globe.

Awards[link]

In 2009 Brady received an honorary degree of Doctor of Letters from the University of Ulster in recognition of his services to traditional Irish music and songwriting.

Solo discography[link]

''Welcome Here Kind Stranger'' (1978)

''Hard Station'' (1981)

''True for You'' (1983)

''Back to the Centre'' (1985)

''Full Moon'' (1986)

''Primitive Dance'' (1987)

''Trick or Treat'' (1991)

''Songs & Crazy Dreams'' (Compilation) (1992)

''Spirits Colliding'' (1995)

''Nobody Knows: The Best of Paul Brady'' (Compilation) (1999)

''Oh What a World'' (2000)

'The Paul Brady Songbook' (album and DVD) Live recordings for RTE TV series (2002)

'The (Missing) Liberty Tapes' (2003) [Recorded Live at Liberty Hall, Dublin, July 21, 1978]

''Say What You Feel'' (2005)

'Hooba Dooba' (2010)

'Dancer In The Fire: A Paul Brady Anthology' (Compilation) (2012)

With Andy Irvine[link]

''Andy Irvine and Paul Brady'' (1976)

With Tommy Peoples[link]

''The High Part of the Road'' (1975)

With Matt Molloy and Tommy Peoples[link]

''Molloy, Brady, Peoples'' (1977)

With Andy McGann and Paddy Reynolds[link]

''Fiddle Duet'' (1976)

With Andy McGann[link]

''It's A Hard Road to Travel'' (1977)

With John Kavanagh[link]

''The Green Crow Caws'' (1980)

DVDs[link]

''The Transatlantic Sessions Series 3'' (2007) (various artists)

''The Paul Brady Songbook'' (2002)

External links[link]

Paul Brady Homepage

Paul Brady on Facebook

Paul Brady on Twitter

Paul Brady & Andy Irvine - Paddy's Green Shamrock Shore

Paul Brady & Andy Irvine - The Lakes of Ponchartrain

References[link]

Category:1947 births Category:Irish folk singers Category:Irish singer-songwriters Category:Living people Category:Irish male singers Category:People from Strabane Category:People educated at St Columb's College

de:Paul Brady es:Paul Brady fr:Paul Brady ga:Paul Brady it:Paul Brady nl:Paul Brady

Name	Herbie Hancock
Landscape	yes
Background	non_vocal_instrumentalist
Birth name	Herbert Jeffrey Hancock
Alias	Herbie Hancock
Birth date	April 12, 1940
Birth place	Chicago, Illinois, United States
Instrument	Piano, synthesizer, organ, clavinet, keytar, vocoder
Genre	Jazz, bebop, post bop, jazz fusion, hard bop, jazz-funk, funk, R&B;, electro funk, classical
Occupation	Musician, composer, bandleader
Years active	1961–present
Label	Columbia, Blue Note, Verve, Warner Bros.
Associated acts	Miles Davis Quintet, Jaco Pastorius, Joni Mitchell, Stevie Wonder
Website	}}

Herbert Jeffrey "Herbie" Hancock (born April 12, 1940) is an American pianist, keyboardist, bandleader and composer. As part of Miles Davis's Second Great Quintet, Hancock helped to redefine the role of a jazz rhythm section and was one of the primary architects of the "post-bop" sound. He was one of the first jazz musicians to embrace music synthesizers and funk music (characterized by syncopated drum beats). Hancock's music is often melodic and accessible; he has had many songs "cross over" and achieved success among pop audiences. His music embraces elements of funk and soul while adopting freer stylistic elements from jazz. In his jazz improvisation, he possesses a unique creative blend of jazz, blues, and modern classical music, with harmonic stylings much like the styles of Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel.

Hancock's best-known solo works include "Cantaloupe Island", "Watermelon Man" (later performed by dozens of musicians, including bandleader Mongo Santamaría), "Maiden Voyage", "Chameleon", and the singles "I Thought It Was You" and "Rockit". His 2007 tribute album ''River: The Joni Letters'' won the 2008 Grammy Award for Album of the Year, only the second jazz album ever to win the award after ''Getz/Gilberto'' in 1965.

Hancock is a member of Sōka Gakkai International.

On July 22, 2011 at a ceremony in Paris, Hancock was named UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador for the promotion of Intercultural Dialogue.

Early life and career[link]

Hancock was born in Chicago, Illinois. Like many jazz pianists, Hancock started with a classical music education. He studied from age seven, and his talent was recognized early. Considered a child prodigy, he played the first movement of Mozart's Piano Concerto No. 5 at a young people's concert with the Chicago Symphony at age eleven.

Through his teens, Hancock never had a jazz teacher, but developed his ear and sense of harmony. He was also influenced by records of the vocal group the Hi-Lo's. He reported that:

the time I actually heard the Hi-Lo's, I started picking that stuff out; my ear was happening. I could hear stuff and that's when I really learned some much farther-out voicings -like the harmonies I used on 'Speak Like a Child' -just being able to do that. I really got that from Clare Fischer's arrangements for the Hi-Lo's. Clare Fischer was a major influence on my harmonic concept... He and Bill Evans, and Ravel and Gil Evans, finally. You know, that's where it came from.

In 1960, he heard Chris Anderson play just once, and begged him to accept him as a student. Hancock often mentions Anderson as his harmonic guru. Hancock left Grinnell College, moved to Chicago and began working with Donald Byrd and Coleman Hawkins, during which period he also took courses at Roosevelt University. (He later graduated from Grinnell with degrees in electrical engineering and music. Grinnell also awarded him an honorary Doctor of Fine Arts degree in 1972). Donald Byrd was attending the Manhattan School of Music in New York at the time and suggested that Hancock study composition with Vittorio Giannini, which he did for a short time in 1960. The pianist quickly earned a reputation, and played subsequent sessions with Oliver Nelson and Phil Woods. He recorded his first solo album ''Takin' Off'' for Blue Note Records in 1962. "Watermelon Man" (from ''Takin' Off'') was to provide Mongo Santamaría with a hit single, but more importantly for Hancock, ''Takin' Off'' caught the attention of Miles Davis, who was at that time assembling a new band. Hancock was introduced to Davis by the young drummer Tony Williams, a member of the new band.

Miles Davis quintet and Blue Note[link]

Hancock received considerable attention when, in May 1963, he joined Miles Davis's Second Great Quintet. Davis personally sought out Hancock, whom he saw as one of the most promising talents in jazz. The rhythm section Davis organized was young but effective, comprising bassist Ron Carter, 17-year-old drummer Tony Williams, and Hancock on piano. After George Coleman and Sam Rivers each took a turn at the saxophone spot, the quintet would gel with Wayne Shorter on tenor saxophone. This quintet is often regarded as one of the finest jazz ensembles, and the rhythm section has been especially praised for its innovation and flexibility.

The second great quintet was where Hancock found his own voice as a pianist. Not only did he find new ways to use common chords, but he also popularized chords that had not previously been used in jazz. Hancock also developed a unique taste for "orchestral" accompaniment – using quartal harmony and Debussy-like harmonies, with stark contrasts then unheard of in jazz. With Williams and Carter he wove a labyrinth of rhythmic intricacy on, around and over existing melodic and chordal schemes. In the later half of the sixties their approach became so sophisticated and unorthodox that conventional chord changes would hardly be discernible; hence their improvisational concept would become known as "Time, No Changes".

While in Davis's band, Hancock also found time to record dozens of sessions for the Blue Note label, both under his own name and as a sideman with other musicians such as Wayne Shorter, Tony Williams, Grant Green, Bobby Hutcherson, Sam Rivers, Donald Byrd, Kenny Dorham, Hank Mobley, Lee Morgan and Freddie Hubbard.

His albums ''Empyrean Isles'' (1964) and ''Maiden Voyage'' (1965) were to be two of the most famous and influential jazz LPs of the sixties, winning praise for both their innovation and accessibility (the latter demonstrated by the subsequent enormous popularity of the ''Maiden Voyage'' title track as a jazz standard, and by the jazz rap group US3 having a hit single with "Cantaloop" (derived from "Cantaloupe Island" on ''Empyrean Isles'') some twenty five years later). ''Empyrean Isles'' featured the Davis rhythm section of Hancock, Carter and Williams with the addition of Freddie Hubbard on cornet, while ''Maiden Voyage'' also added former Davis saxophonist George Coleman (with Hubbard remaining on trumpet). Both albums are regarded as among the principal foundations of the post-bop style. Hancock also recorded several less-well-known but still critically acclaimed albums with larger ensembles – ''My Point of View'' (1963), ''Speak Like a Child'' (1968) and ''The Prisoner'' (1969) featured flugelhorn, alto flute and bass trombone. 1963's ''Inventions and Dimensions'' was an album of almost entirely improvised music, teaming Hancock with bassist Paul Chambers and two Latin percussionists, Willie Bobo and Osvaldo "Chihuahua" Martinez.

During this period, Hancock also composed the score to Michelangelo Antonioni's film ''Blowup'', the first of many soundtracks he recorded in his career.

Davis had begun incorporating elements of rock and popular music into his recordings by the end of Hancock's tenure with the band. Despite some initial reluctance, Hancock began doubling on electric keyboards including the Fender Rhodes electric piano at Davis's insistence. Hancock adapted quickly to the new instruments, which proved to be instrumental in his future artistic endeavors.

Under the pretext that he had returned late from a honeymoon in Brazil, Hancock was dismissed from Davis's band. In the summer of 1968 Hancock formed his own sextet. However, although Davis soon disbanded his quintet to search for a new sound, Hancock, despite his departure from the working band, continued to appear on Miles Davis records for the next few years. Noteworthy appearances include ''In a Silent Way'', ''A Tribute to Jack Johnson'' and ''On the Corner''.

''Fat Albert'' and ''Mwandishi''[link]

Hancock left Blue Note in 1969, signing up with Warner Bros. Records. In 1969, Hancock composed the soundtrack for the Bill Cosby animated children's television show ''Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids''. Titled ''Fat Albert Rotunda'', the album was mainly an R&B;-influenced album with strong jazz overtones. One of the jazzier songs on the record, "Tell Me A Bedtime Story", was later re-worked as a more electronic sounding song for the Quincy Jones album, ''Sounds...and Stuff Like That''.

Hancock became fascinated with accumulating musical gadgets and toys. Together with the profound influence of Davis's ''Bitches Brew'', this fascination would culminate in a series of albums in which electronic instruments are coupled with acoustic instruments.

Hancock's first ventures into electronic music started with a sextet comprising Hancock, bassist Buster Williams and drummer Billy Hart, and a trio of horn players: Eddie Henderson (trumpet), Julian Priester (trombone), and multireedist Bennie Maupin. Dr. Patrick Gleeson was eventually added to the mix to play and program the synthesizers. In fact, Hancock was one of the first jazz pianists to completely embrace electronic keyboards.

The sextet, later a septet with the addition of Gleeson, made three experimental albums under Hancock's name: ''Mwandishi'' (1971), ''Crossings'' (1972) (both on Warner Bros. Records), and ''Sextant'' (1973) (released on Columbia Records); two more, '' Realization'' and ''Inside Out'', were recorded under Henderson's name with essentially the same personnel. The music often had very free improvisations and showed influence from the electronic music of some contemporary classical composers.

Synthesizer player Patrick Gleeson, one of the first musicians to play synthesizer on any jazz recording, introduced the instrument on ''Crossings'', released in 1972, one of a handful of influential electronic jazz/fusion recordings to feature synthesizer that same year. On ''Crossings'' (as well as on ''I Sing the Body Electric''), the synthesizer is used more as an improvisatory global orchestration device than as a strictly melodic instrument. This reflected Gleeson's (and Powell's) interest in contemporary European electronic music techniques and in the West Coast synthesis techniques of Morton Subotnick and other contemporaries, several of whom were resident at one time or another, as was Gleeson, at The Mills College Tape Music Center. An early review of ''Crossings'' in ''Downbeat magazine'' complained about the synthesizer, but a few years later the magazine noted in a cover story on Gleeson that he was "a pioneer" in the field of electronics in jazz. Gleeson used a modular Moog III for the recording of the album, but used an ARP 2600 synthesizer, and occasionally an ARP Soloist for the group's live performances. On ''Sextant'' Gleeson used the more compact ARP synthesizers instead of the larger Moog III for both studio and live performances. In the albums following ''The Crossings'', Hancock started to play synth himself and unlike Gleeson, he plays it as a melodical and rhythm instrument just like electric pianos.

Hancock's three records released in 1971–1973, became later known as the "Mwandishi" albums, so-called after a Swahili name Hancock sometimes used during this era (''Mwandishi'' is Swahili for ''writer''). The first two, including ''Fat Albert Rotunda'' were made available on the 2-CD set ''Mwandishi: the Complete Warner Bros. Recordings'', released in 1994, but are now sold as individual CD editions. Of the three electronic albums, ''Sextant'' is probably the most experimental since the Arp synthesizers are used extensively, and some advanced improvisation ("post-modal free impressionism") is found on the tracks "Hornets" and "Hidden Shadows" (which is in the meter 19/4). "Hornets" was later revised on the 2001 album ''Future2Future'' as "Virtual Hornets".

Among the instruments Hancock and Gleeson used were Fender Rhodes piano, ARP Odyssey, ARP 2600, ARP Pro Soloist Synthesizer, a Mellotron and the Moog synthesizer III.

All three Warner Bros. albums ''Fat Albert Rotunda'', ''Mwandishi'', and ''Crossings'', were remastered in 2001 and released in Europe but were not released in the U.S.A. as of June 2005. In the Winter of 2006–7 a remastered edition of ''Crossings'' was announced and scheduled for release in the Spring.

''Headhunters'' and ''Death Wish''[link]

After the sometimes "airy" and decidedly experimental "Mwandishi" albums, Hancock was eager to perform more "earthy" and "funky" music. The ''Mwandishi'' albums – though these days seen as respected early fusion recordings – had seen mixed reviews and poor sales, so it is probable that Hancock was motivated by financial concerns as well as artistic restlessness. Hancock was also bothered by the fact that many people did not understand avant-garde music. He explained that he loved funk music, especially Sly Stone's music, so he wanted to try to make funk himself.

He gathered a new band, which he called The Headhunters, keeping only Maupin from the sextet and adding bassist Paul Jackson, percussionist Bill Summers, and drummer Harvey Mason. The album ''Head Hunters'', released in 1973, was a major hit and crossed over to pop audiences, though it prompted criticism from some jazz fans. ''Head Hunters'' was recorded at Different Fur studios.

Despite charges of "selling out", Stephen Erlewine of ''Allmusic'' positively reviewed the album among other friendly critics, saying, "''Head Hunters'' still sounds fresh and vital three decades after its initial release, and its genre-bending proved vastly influential on not only jazz, but funk, soul, and hip-hop."

Mason was replaced by Mike Clark, and the band released a second album, ''Thrust'', the following year. (A live album from a Japan performance, consisting of compositions from those first two ''Head Hunters'' releases was released in 1975 as ''Flood''. The record has since been released on CD in Japan.) This was almost as well received as its predecessor, if not attaining the same level of commercial success. The Headhunters made another successful album (called ''Survival of the Fittest'') without Hancock, while Hancock himself started to make even more commercial albums, often featuring members of the band, but no longer billed as The Headhunters. The Headhunters reunited with Hancock in 1998 for ''Return of the Headhunters'', and a version of the band (featuring Jackson and Clark) continues to play live and record.

In 1973, Hancock composed his second masterful soundtrack to the controversial film ''The Spook Who Sat By The Door''. Then in 1974, he also composed the soundtrack to the first ''Death Wish'' film. One of his memorable songs, "Joanna's Theme", would later be re-recorded in 1997 on his duet album with Wayne Shorter ''1 + 1''.

Hancock's next jazz-funk albums of the 1970s were ''Man-Child'' (1975), and ''Secrets'' (1976), which point toward the more commercial direction Hancock would take over the next decade. These albums feature the members of the 'Headhunters' band, but also a variety of other musicians in important roles.

Back to the basics: ''VSOP'' and ''Future Shock''[link]

During late 1970s and early 1980s, Hancock toured with his "V.S.O.P." quintet, which featured all the members of the 1960s Miles Davis quintet except Davis, who was replaced by trumpet giant Freddie Hubbard. There was constant speculation that one day Davis would reunite with his classic band, but he never did so. VSOP recorded several live albums in the late 1970s, including ''VSOP'' (1976), and ''VSOP: The Quintet'' (1977).

In 1978, Hancock recorded a duet with Chick Corea, who had replaced him in the Miles Davis band a decade earlier. He also released a solo acoustic piano album titled ''The Piano'' (1978), which, like so many Hancock albums at the time, was initially released only in Japan. (It was finally released in the US in 2004.) Several other Japan-only releases have yet to surface in the US, such as ''Dedication'' (1974), ''VSOP: Tempest in the Colosseum'' (1977), and ''Direct Step'' (1978). ''Live Under the Sky'' was a VSOP album remastered for the US in 2004, and included an entire second concert from the July 1979 tour.

From 1978–1982, Hancock recorded many albums consisting of jazz-inflected disco and pop music, beginning with ''Sunlight'' (featuring guest musicians including Tony Williams and Jaco Pastorius on the last track) (1978). Singing through a vocoder, he earned a British hit, "I Thought It Was You", although critics were unimpressed. This led to more vocoder on the 1979 follow-up, ''Feets, Don't Fail Me Now'', which gave him another UK hit in "You Bet Your Love". The video won five different categories at the inaugural MTV Video Music Awards. This single ushered in a collaboration with noted bassist and producer Bill Laswell. Hancock experimented with electronic music on a string of three LPs produced by Laswell: ''Future Shock'' (1983), ''Sound-System'' (1984) and ''Perfect Machine'' (1988). Despite the success of "Rockit", Hancock's trio of Laswell-produced albums (particularly the latter two) are among the most critically derided of his entire career, perhaps even more so than his erstwhile pop-jazz experiments. Hancock's level of actual contribution to these albums was also questioned, with some critics contending that the Laswell albums should have been labelled "Bill Laswell featuring Herbie Hancock".

During this period, he appeared onstage at the Grammy awards with Stevie Wonder, Howard Jones, and Thomas Dolby, in a famous synthesizer jam (The video on Youtube can be found here.). Lesser known works from the 1980s are the live album ''Jazz Africa'' and the studio album ''Village Life'' (1984), which were recorded with Gambian kora player Foday Musa Suso. Also, in 1985 Hancock performed as a guest on the album ''So Red The Rose'' by the Duran Duran offshoot group Arcadia. He also provided introductory and closing comments for the PBS rebroadcast in the United States of the BBC educational series from the mid-1980s, ''Rockschool'' (not to be confused with the most recent ''Gene Simmons' Rock School'' series).

In 1986, Hancock performed and acted in the film '''Round Midnight''. He also wrote the score/soundtrack, for which he won an Academy Award for Original Music Score. Often he would write music for TV commercials. "Maiden Voyage", in fact, started out as a cologne advertisement. At the end of the ''Perfect Machine'' tour, Hancock decided to leave Columbia Records after a 15-plus-year relationship.

As of June 2005, almost half of his Columbia recordings have been remastered. The first three US releases, ''Sextant'', ''Head Hunters'' and ''Thrust'' as well as the last four releases ''Future Shock'', ''Sound-System'', the soundtrack to ''Round Midnight'' and ''Perfect Machine''. Everything released in America from ''Man-Child'' to ''Quartet'' has yet to be remastered. Some albums, made and initially released in the US, were remastered between 1999 and 2001 in other countries such as ''Magic Windows'' and ''Monster''. Hancock also re-released some of his Japan-only releases in the West, such as ''The Piano.''

1990s and later[link]

After leaving Columbia, Hancock took a break. Then, with friends Ron Carter, Tony Williams, Wayne Shorter, and Davis admirer Wallace Roney, they recorded ''A Tribute to Miles'', which was released in 1994. The album contained two live recordings and studio recording classics, with Roney playing Davis's part as trumpet player. The album won a Grammy for best group album. He also toured with Jack DeJohnette, Dave Holland and Pat Metheny in 1990 on their ''Parallel Realities'' tour, which included a memorable performance at the Montreux Jazz Festival in July 1990.

Hancock's next album, ''Dis Is Da Drum'', released in 1994, saw him return to Acid Jazz. Also in 1994, he appeared on the Red Hot Organization's compilation album ''Stolen Moments: Red Hot + Cool''. The album, meant to raise awareness and funds in support of the AIDS epidemic in relation to the African-American community, was heralded as "Album of the Year" by ''Time Magazine''.

1995's ''The New Standard'' found Hancock and an all-star band including John Scofield, Jack DeJohnette and Michael Brecker interpreting pop songs by Nirvana, Stevie Wonder, The Beatles, Prince, Peter Gabriel and others. A 1997 duet album with Wayne Shorter entitled ''1 + 1'' was successful, the song "Aung San Suu Kyi" winning the Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Composition. Hancock also achieved great success in 1998 with his album ''Gershwin's World'', which featured inventive readings of George and Ira Gershwin standards by Hancock and a plethora of guest stars, including Stevie Wonder, Joni Mitchell and Shorter. Hancock toured the world in the support of ''Gershwin's World'' with a sextet that featured Cyro Baptista, Terri Lynne Carrington, Ira Coleman, Eli Degibri and Eddie Henderson.

In 2001, Hancock recorded ''Future2Future'', which reunited Hancock with Bill Laswell and featured doses of electronica as well as turntablist Rob Swift of The X-Ecutioners. Hancock later toured with the band, and released a live concert DVD with a different lineup which also included the "Rockit" music video. Also in 2001, Hancock partnered with Michael Brecker and Roy Hargrove to record a live concert album saluting Davis and John Coltrane entitled ''Directions in Music: Live at Massey Hall'', recorded live in Toronto. The threesome toured to support the album, and toured on and off through 2005.

The year 2005 saw the release of a duet album called ''Possibilities''. It features duets with Carlos Santana, Paul Simon, Annie Lennox, John Mayer, Christina Aguilera, Sting and others. In 2006, ''Possibilities'' was nominated for Grammy awards in two categories: "A Song For You", featuring Christina Aguilera was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Pop Instrumental Performance, and "Gelo No Montanha", featuring Trey Anastasio on guitar, was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Performance. Neither nomination resulted in an award.

Also in 2005, Hancock toured Europe with a new quartet that included Beninese guitarist Lionel Loueke, and explored textures ranging from ambient to straight jazz to African music. Plus, during the summer of 2005, Hancock re-staffed the famous Headhunters and went on tour with them, including a performance at The Bonnaroo Music & Arts Festival.

However, this lineup did not consist of any of the original Headhunters musicians. The group included Marcus Miller, Terri Lyne Carrington, Lionel Loueke and John Mayer. Hancock also served as the first artist in residence for Bonnaroo that summer.

Also in 2006, Sony BMG Music Entertainment (which bought out Hancock's old label, Columbia Records) released the two-disc retrospective ''The Essential Herbie Hancock''. This two-disc set is the first compilation of Herbie's work at Warner Bros. Records, Blue Note Records, Columbia and at Verve/Polygram. This became Hancock's second major compilation of work since the 2002 Columbia-only''The Herbie Hancock Box'', which was released at first in a plastic 4x4 cube then re-released in 2004 in a long box set. Hancock also in 2006, recorded a new song with Josh Groban and Eric Mouquet (co-founder of Deep Forest) entitled "Machine". It is featured on Josh Groban's CD ''Awake''. Hancock also recorded and improvised with guitarist Lionel Loueke on Loueke's debut album ''Virgin Forest'' on the ObliqSound label in 2006, resulting in two improvisational tracks "Le Réveil des Agneaux (The Awakening of the Lambs)" and "La Poursuite du lion (The Lion's Pursuit)".

Hancock, a longtime associate and friend of Joni Mitchell released a 2007 album, ''River: The Joni Letters'', that paid tribute to her work. Norah Jones and Tina Turner recorded vocals, as did Corinne Bailey Rae, and Leonard Cohen contributed a spoken piece set to Hancock's piano. Mitchell herself also made an appearance. The album was released on September 25, simultaneously with the release of Mitchell's album ''Shine''. "River" was nominated for and won the 2008 Album of the Year Grammy Award, only the second jazz album ever to receive either honor. The album also won a Grammy for Best Contemporary Jazz Album, and the song "Both Sides Now" was nominated for Best Instrumental Jazz Solo.

Recently Hancock performed at the Shriner's Children's Hospital Charity Fundraiser with Sheila E, Jim Brickman, Kirk Whalum and Wendy Alane Wright.

His latest work includes assisting the production of the Kanye West track "RoboCop", found on 808s & Heartbreak.

On June 14, 2008, Hancock performed at Rhythm on the Vine at the South Coast Winery in Temecula, California, for Shriners Hospital for Children. Other performers at the event, that raised $515,000 for Shriners Hospital, were contemporary music artist Jim Brickman, and Sheila E. & the E. Family Band.

On January 18, 2009, Hancock performed at the We Are One concert, marking the start of inaugural celebrations for American President Barack Obama. Hancock also performed the Rhapsody in Blue at the 2009 Classical BRIT Awards with classical pianist Lang Lang. Hancock was named as the Los Angeles Philharmonic's creative chair for jazz for 2010–12. In June 2010, Hancock released his newest album, ''The Imagine Project''.

On June 5, 2010, Hancock received an Alumni Award from his alma mater, Grinnell College.

Discography [link]

{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" border="0" |- style="background:#ffdead;" ! style="text-align:left; border-bottom:1px solid gray; border-top:1px solid gray;"| Title ! style="width:10px; border-bottom:1px solid gray; border-top:1px solid gray;"| ! style="text-align:left; border-bottom:1px solid gray; border-top:1px solid gray;"| Year ! style="width:10px; border-bottom:1px solid gray; border-top:1px solid gray;"| ! style="text-align:left; border-bottom:1px solid gray; border-top:1px solid gray;"| Label |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''Takin' Off'' | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 1962 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Blue Note |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''My Point of View'' | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 1963 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Blue Note |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''Inventions and Dimensions'' | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 1963 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Blue Note |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''Empyrean Isles'' | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 1964 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Blue Note |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''Maiden Voyage'' | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 1965 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Blue Note |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''Blow-Up'' (Soundtrack) | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 1966 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| MGM |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''Speak Like a Child'' | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 1968 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Blue Note |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''The Prisoner'' | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 1969 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Blue Note |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''Fat Albert Rotunda'' | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 1969 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Warner Bros. |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''Mwandishi'' | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 1970 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Warner Bros. |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''He Who Lives In Many Places'' (with bassist Terry Plumeri) | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 1971 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Airborne. |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''Crossings'' | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 1972 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Warner Bros. |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''Sextant'' | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 1973 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Columbia |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''Head Hunters'' | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 1973 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Columbia |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''Thrust'' | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 1974 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Columbia |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''Death Wish'' (Soundtrack) | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 1974 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Columbia |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''Dedication'' | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 1974 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Columbia |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''Man-Child'' | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 1975 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Columbia |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''Flood'' (Live album) | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 1975 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Columbia |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''Secrets'' | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 1976 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Columbia |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''VSOP'' (Live album) | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 1976 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Columbia |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''Herbie Hancock Trio'' | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 1977 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Columbia |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''VSOP: The Quintet'' (Live album) | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 1977 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Columbia |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''VSOP: Tempest in the Colosseum'' (Live album) | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 1977 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Columbia |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''Sunlight'' | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 1977 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Columbia |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''Directstep'' | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 1978 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Columbia |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''An Evening with Herbie Hancock & Chick Corea: In Concert'' (Live album with Chick Corea) | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 1978 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Columbia |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''The Piano'' | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 1979 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Columbia |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''Feets, Don't Fail Me Now'' | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 1979 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Columbia |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''VSOP: Live Under the Sky'' (Live album) | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 1979 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Columbia |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''CoreaHancock'' (Live album with Chick Corea) | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 1979 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Polydor |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''Monster'' | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 1980 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Columbia |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''Mr. Hands'' | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 1980 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Columbia |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''Herbie Hancock Trio'' | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 1981 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Columbia |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''Magic Windows'' | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 1981 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Columbia |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''Lite Me Up'' | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 1982 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Columbia |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''Quartet'' (Live album) | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 1982 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Columbia |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''Future Shock'' | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 1983 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Columbia |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''Sound-System'' | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 1984 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Columbia |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''Village Life'' (with Foday Musa Suso) | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 1985 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Columbia |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''Round Midnight'' (Soundtrack) | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 1986 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Columbia |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''Jazz Africa'' (Live album with Foday Musa Suso) | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 1987 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Polygram |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''Perfect Machine'' | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 1988 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Columbia |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''A Tribute to Miles'' | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 1994 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Qwest/Warner Bros. |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''Dis Is Da Drum'' | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 1994 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Verve/Mercury |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''The New Standard'' | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 1995 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Verve |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''1 + 1'' (with Wayne Shorter) | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 1997 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Verve |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''Gershwin's World'' | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 1998 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Verve |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''Future2Future'' | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 2001 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Transparent |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''Directions in Music: Live at Massey Hall'' (Live album) | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 2002 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Verve |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''Possibilities'' | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 2005 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Concord/Hear Music

|- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"|''De Luxe'' (Unofficial) | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 2005 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Leader Music (Argentina)

|- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''River: The Joni Letters'' | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 2007 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Verve |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''Then and Now: the Definitive Herbie Hancock'' | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 2008 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Verve |- | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| ''The Imagine Project'' | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| 2010 | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| | style="border-bottom:1px solid gray;"| Hancock |}

Filmography[link]

As a Leader[link]

2000: ''Dejohnette, Hancock, Holland and Metheny – Live in Concert''

2002: ''Herbie Hancock Trio: Hurricane!'' with Ron Carter and Billy Cobham

2002: ''The Jazz Channel Presents Herbie Hancock (BET on Jazz)'' with Cyro Baptista, Terri Lynne Carrington, Ira Coleman, Eli Degibri and Eddie Henderson (recorded in 2000)

2004: ''Herbie Hancock – Future2Future Live''

2006: ''Herbie Hancock – Possibilities'' with John Mayer, Christina Aguilera, Joss Stone, and more

Awards[link]

Academy Awards[link]

1986, Original Soundtrack, for ''Round Midnight''

Grammy Awards[link]

# 1984, Best R&B; Instrumental Performance, for ''Rockit'' # 1985, Best R&B; Instrumental Performance, for ''Sound-System'' # 1988, Best Instrumental Composition, for ''Call Sheet Blues'' # 1995, Best Jazz Instrumental Performance, Individual Or Group, for ''A Tribute to Miles'' # 1997, Best Instrumental Composition, for ''Manhattan (Island Of Lights And Love)'' # 1999, Best Instrumental Arrangement Accompanying Vocal(s), for ''St. Louis Blues'' # 1999, Best Jazz Instrumental Performance, Individual Or Group, for ''Gershwin's World'' # 2003, Best Jazz Instrumental Album, Individual or Group, for ''Directions in Music: Live at Massey Hall'' # 2003, Best Jazz Instrumental Solo, for ''My Ship'' # 2005, Best Jazz Instrumental Solo, for ''Speak Like a Child'' # 2008, Album of the Year, for ''River: The Joni Letters'' # 2008, Best Contemporary Jazz Album, for ''River: The Joni Letters'' # 2011, Best Improvised Jazz Solo, for ''A Change Is Gonna Come'' # 2011, Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals, for ''Imagine''

Playboy Music Poll[link]

Best Jazz Group, 1985

Best Jazz Keyboards, 1985

Best Jazz Album – ''Rockit'', 1985

Best Jazz Keyboards, 1986

Best R&B; Instrumentalist, 1987

Best Jazz Instrumentalist, 1988

Keyboard Magazine's Readers Poll[link]

Best Jazz & Pop Keyboardist, 1983

Best Jazz Pianist, 1987

Best Jazz Keyboardist, 1987

Best Jazz Pianist, 1988

Other notable awards[link]

MTV Awards (5 awards in total) – Best Concept Video – ''Rockit'', 1983–84

Gold Note Jazz Awards – NY Chapter of the National Black MBA Association, 1985

French Award Officer of the Order of Arts & Letters - Paris, 1985

BMI Film Music Award ''Round Midnight'', 1986

U.S. Radio Award "Best Original Music Scoring – ''Thom McAnn Shoes''", 1986

Los Angeles Film Critics Association "Best Score – ''Round Midnight''", 1986

BMI Film Music Award ''Colors'', 1989

Miles Davis Award, granted by the Montreal International Jazz Festival, 1997

Soul Train Music Award "Best Jazz Album – ''The New Standard''", 1997

Festival International Jazz de Montreal Prix Miles Davis, 1997

VH1's 100 Greatest Videos ''Rockit'' is "10th Greatest Video", 2001

NEA Jazz Masters Award, 2004

''Downbeat Magazine'' Readers Poll Hall of Fame, 2005

References[link]

External links[link]

Official website of Herbie Hancock

Official Herbie Hancock MySpace page

Herbie Hancock at Verve Records

River:The Joni Letters at Verve Records

Possibilities Herbie Hancock

Discography Herbie Hancock Discography

Interview with Herbie Hancock on music and technology from AppleMatters

Interview with Herbie Hancock on the "Possibilities" album release from LiveDaily

Herbie Hancock: Outside The Comfort Zone Herbie Hancock interview from JamBase

"Herbie Hancock: Essential Recordings" by Ted Gioia (www.jazz.com)

Herbie Hancock's Grinnell College Alumni Award citation from Grinnell College Alumni Assembly on June 5, 2010.

Category:1940 births Category:20th-century classical composers Category:African American songwriters Category:American Buddhists Category:American funk keyboardists Category:American jazz bandleaders Category:American jazz composers Category:American jazz pianists Category:Musicians from Chicago, Illinois Category:Best Original Music Score Academy Award winners Category:Grammy Award winners Category:Grinnell College alumni Category:Hard bop pianists Category:Jazz fusion pianists Category:Jazz-funk pianists Category:Living people Category:Miles Davis Category:Blue Note Records artists Category:Modal jazz pianists Category:Post-bop pianists Category:Converts to Buddhism Category:Members of Sōka Gakkai Category:Keytarists Category:Soul-jazz keyboardists

an:Herbie Hancock bn:হার্বি হ্যানকক ca:Herbie Hancock cs:Herbie Hancock da:Herbie Hancock de:Herbie Hancock es:Herbie Hancock eo:Herbie Hancock eu:Herbie Hancock fr:Herbie Hancock gl:Herbie Hancock io:Herbie Hancock id:Herbie Hancock it:Herbie Hancock he:הרבי הנקוק ka:ჰერბი ჰენკოკი hu:Herbie Hancock nl:Herbie Hancock ja:ハービー・ハンコック no:Herbie Hancock nn:Herbie Hancock oc:Herbie Hancock nds:Herbie Hancock pl:Herbie Hancock pt:Herbie Hancock ru:Хэнкок, Херби sk:Herbie Hancock sr:Херби Хенкок fi:Herbie Hancock sv:Herbie Hancock th:เฮอร์บี แฮนค็อก tr:Herbie Hancock uk:Гербі Генкок zh:賀比·漢考克

name	Heather Nova
background	solo_singer
birth name	Heather Allison Frith
birth date	July 06, 1967
origin	Bermuda
instrument	Vocals, guitar
genre	Alternative rock
occupation	Singer-songwriter
years active	1990–present
label	WORK, V2
website	www.heathernova.com
notable instruments	}}

Heather Nova, (born Heather Allison Frith, July 6, 1967) is a Bermudian singer-songwriter and poet. She has released eight full-length albums and has found lasting success in Germany where two of her albums ''South'' and ''Storm'' have made their way into the Top-5 of German official album chart.

Biography[link]

Heather Nova was born in Bermuda. Her mother is a Canadian from Nova Scotia, and her father is a native Bermudian. Her uncle, Michael K. Frith, worked for The Jim Henson Company, and was a creator of Miss Piggy, and of the television shows Fraggle Rock and Between the Lions. His son, Heather's first-cousin, is folk singer Johnathan Frith.

Nova spent most of her childhood with her family, including one sister, television reporter Susannah, and one brother, reggae singer Mishka, on a 40 ft (12 m) boat (named "Moon") built by her father, where the Friths spent most of 1970s and part of the 1980s, sailing throughout the Atlantic and Caribbean waters and coasts. Since her idyllic childhood, Heather has played over 600 concerts, sold over 2 million albums and has a career of 20 years in the music industry.

Nova started playing guitar and violin at an early age, writing her first song when she was 12. Her family relocated to New England where she attended the Putney School in Putney, Vermont. Following her graduation in 1983, Nova enrolled at the Rhode Island School of Design (RISD), where she majored in film in 1989. She also sat in on poetry classes and wrote music to go with her student films. Later, she would forego film study to focus on creating music.

Career[link]

After graduating from RISD, Nova briefly relocated to New York City (where she unsuccessfully tried to interest some major labels in a demo), before moving to London, England, a place she called home for twelve years (she already had British citizenship due to her Bermudian origins). In 1990, she released her first recording, ''Heather Frith'', an EP; she had not yet changed her name. The name change came a year or so later, in an effort to create a name with more buzz.

The new name debuted in 1993 with her second EP ''Spirit in You'' and her first full album, the critically acclaimed ''Glow Stars'', after being discovered by producer Felix Tod and introduced to Big Cat label manager Steven Abbott. The success of the album led her to record and release her first live album ''Blow'' the same year, which she supported by a tour of Europe. In 1994, she released ''Oyster'', for which she toured for almost two years. Another live album, ''Live from the Milky Way'', was released in 1995. ''Siren'', the follow-up to ''Oyster'' because of the hit single "London Rain", was released in 1998, after which she joined Sarah McLachlan and others on the North American Lilith Fair, a music festival with only female performers.

After the release of ''Siren'' and a world tour to promote the record, Nova took a break while various television show and film soundtracks licensed some of her songs and her record company (Sony Records/The WORK Group) released various singles from the album, which received only moderate play on America's MTV2, Europe's MTV and Canada's MuchMusic and on mainstream radio, although she was popular on college radio. Also during this time, she recorded a version of the often covered traditional song "Gloomy Sunday", for the German WWII feature film drama ''Ein Lied von Liebe und Tod'' (released under the International title ''Gloomy Sunday''). She released yet another live album, ''Wonderlust'', in 2000.

Over the years, Nova has written and recorded over 120 songs. With the release of ''South'' (2001), she returned to the international spotlight with an appearance on the soundtrack of the John Cusack movie ''Serendipity''. She also appeared on the soundtrack to the Sean Penn film, ''I am Sam'' and sung on ''The Crow''. A collaboration with Swedish indiepop band Eskobar, for a song called "Someone New", led to its music video being played primarily on America's MTV. ''Storm'', Nova's fifth studio album, recorded with Mercury Rev as her backing band, was released in late 2003 on her own Saltwater label, went top 5 in Germany, followed by a tour during which Nova became eight months pregnant. She quickly followed the birth of her son with her next record ''Redbird'', released in 2005, again Top 10 in Germany.

In December 2005, Nova released ''Together As One'', an EP supporting the Bermuda Sloop Foundation, which operates the Bermuda sloop Spirit of Bermuda.

In 2002, she self-published ''The Sorrowjoy'', a 72-page book of her poetry and drawings. An album of the same name was released in March 2006, which featured Nova reading the poems from her book set to ambient music.

She also collaborated with the German trance artist ATB on tracks like "Love Will Find You", "Feel You Like A River" and the international hit "Renegade".

In 2008, Nova released an album called ''The Jasmine Flower'', a solar powered acoustic album recorded in Bermuda, before touring as an acoustic tour. In the fall of 2010 she embarked on another European tour promoting her ''The Jasmine Flower'' album. On this tour, she played four unreleased songs ("Save A Little Piece Of Tomorrow", "Everything Changes", "Burning To Love", and "Turn The Compass Round") that are included on her current album, ''300 Days At Sea''. This full-band album was released on May 27, 2011.

Personal life[link]

Nova lives in Bermuda with her husband, music producer Felix Tod, and their son Sebastian (born in 2004).

Discography[link]

Albums[link]

''Glow Stars'' (1993)

''Blow'' (live, 1993)

''Oyster'' (1994) - UK #72

"Maybe An Angel" (1995)

"Truth and Bone" (1996)

"London Rain (Nothing Heals Me Like You Do)" (1998)

"Heart & Shoulder" (1998)

"I'm The Girl" (1999)

"Gloomy Sunday" (1999)

"Love Will Find You" (2000, with ATB)

"Feel You Like A River" (2000, with ATB)

"I'm No Angel" (2001)

"Someone New" (2002, with Eskobar)

"Virus of the Mind" (2002)

"River of Life" (2003)

"Welcome" (2005)

"Done Drifting" (2006)

"Renegade", (2007, with ATB)

"Made of Glass", (2007 with ATB)

"Ride" (2008)

"Higher Ground" (2011)

"Beautiful Ride" (2011)

Heather Nova is popular in New Zealand with "Oyster" peaking at #23 and "Siren" peaking at #18 in the RIANZ Top 40. The single "Walk This World" peaked at #19 and still gets occasional radio play.

EPs[link]

''Heather Frith Ep'' (1990)

''Spirit In You'' (1993)

''Live From The Milky Way'' (1995)

''The First Recording'' (1997) Reissue of ''Heather Frith Ep''

''Together As One'' (2005, a fundraiser for the Bermuda Sloop Foundation)

''Higher Ground EP'' (2011)

DVDs[link]

''Live at the Union Chapel'' (2004)

Books[link]

''The Sorrowjoy'', ISBN 0-9542115-0-2

References[link]

External links[link]

Official Heather Nova website

Discography and song list

POTSI (archived): Heather Nova Biography

POTSI (archived): Heather Nova Discography

[ Biography] at Allmusic

Category:1967 births Category:Living people Category:Bermudian singer-songwriters Category:Bermudian female guitarists Category:Female rock singers Category:Rhode Island School of Design alumni Category:V2 Records artists Category:Bermudian people of Canadian descent

be:Хэзер Нова da:Heather Nova de:Heather Nova es:Heather Nova fr:Heather Nova id:Heather Nova it:Heather Nova he:הת'ר נובה nl:Heather Nova pl:Heather Nova pt:Heather Nova ro:Heather Nova ru:Нова, Хэзер sv:Heather Nova th:เฮเทอร์ โนวา uk:Гітер Нова

name	Spike Jonze
birth name	Adam Spiegel
birth date	October 22, 1969
birth place	Rockville, Maryland, U.S.
occupation	Director, producer, actor
years active	1989–present
spouse	Sofia Coppola (1999–2003; divorced)
partner	}}

Spike Jonze (born Adam Spiegel; October 22, 1969) is an American director, producer and actor, whose work includes music videos, commercials, film and television. He is best known for his collaborations with writer Charlie Kaufman, which include the 1999 film ''Being John Malkovich'' (that gave him an Academy Award for Best Director nomination) and the 2002 film ''Adaptation'', and as the co-writer/director of the 2009 film ''Where the Wild Things Are.''

He is well known also for his music video collaborations with Weezer, Beastie Boys, and Björk. He was also a co-creator and executive producer of MTV's ''Jackass''. He is currently the creative director of VBS.tv. He is also part owner of skateboard company Girl Skateboards with riders Rick Howard and Mike Carroll.

He also co-founded Directors Label with filmmakers Chris Cunningham and Michel Gondry.

Early life[link]

Spiegel was born in Rockville, Maryland, and raised in Bethesda, Maryland and in Gulph Mills, Pennsylvania. His father, Arthur Spiegel III, was a distant relation of the Spiegel catalog family and founded APM Management Consultants. His mother, Sandy Granzow, is a writer, communications consultant in developing countries, and artist. His brother Sam (aka Squeak E. Clean) is a producer and DJ. Jonze attended SFAI in San Francisco, California.

When he was in junior high and high school, Spiegel hung out at Bethesda Community Store, where the former owner Mike Henderson gave him his nickname "Spike Jonze" in reference to Spike Jones. He fronted Club Homeboy, an international BMX club, with Mark "Lew" Lewman and Andy Jenkins, both co-editors of ''Freestylin' Magazine'' in the mid- to late 1980s, where Jonze worked as a photographer. The three also created the youth culture magazines ''Homeboy'' and ''Dirt'' (the latter of which was described as "''Sassy Magazine'' for boys," being published by the same company and distributed in cellophane bags with the landmark magazine for young women).

Career[link]

In 2006, he was nominated by the Directors Guild of America for "Outstanding Achievement in Commercials in 2005." He was nominated for a body of work that included ''Hello Tomorrow'' for Adidas, ''Lamp'' for IKEA, and ''Pardon Our Dust'' for The Gap. He was a producer and co-creator of MTV television series ''Jackass'' and ''Jackass: The Movie'', also directing some of the segments. Jonze has acted in some videos and films; his most prominent role was in ''Three Kings'' as the sweet, dimwitted, casually racist Conrad, in which he was directed by friend David O. Russell.

Jonze was also a co-founder and editor of ''Dirt'' magazine along with Mark Lewman and Andy Jenkins, as well as an editor for ''Grand Royal Magazine'' and senior photographer for Transworld Skateboarding. In the past, Jonze shot street skateboarding videos, most notably Blind's highly influential ''Video Days'' in 1991, and Lakai Footwear's Fully Flared in 2007. He also co-directed the Girl Skateboards film ''Yeah Right!'' and the Chocolate Skateboards video ''Hot Chocolate''. In the closing credits montage of ''Yeah Right!,'' Spike is shown doing a nollie heelflip in loafers. He is also co-owner of Girl Skateboards.

Jonze has many alter egos, including Richard Koufey (alternately spelled Coufey or Couffe), the leader of the Torrance Community Dance Group, an urban troupe that performs in public spaces. The Koufey persona appeared when Jonze, in character, filmed himself dancing to Fatboy Slim's "Praise You" as it played on a boom box in a public area. Jonze showed the video to Slim, who loved it. Jonze then assembled a group of dancers to perform to Slim's "Praise You" outside a Westwood, California movie theater and taped the performance. The resulting clip was a huge success, and "Koufey" and his troupe were invited to New York City to perform the song for the 1999 MTV Video Music Awards. The video received awards for Best Direction, Breakthrough, and Best Choreography, which Jonze accepted, still in character. Jonze made a mockumentary about the experience called ''Torrance Rises''.

He also has a speaking part along with Dave Eggers in the Beck song "The Horrible Fanfare/Landslide/Exoskeleton" from his 2006 album, ''The Information''. He appears in the "Exoskeleton" part.

Since 2007, he has been the creative director at VBS.tv, an online television network supplied by ''Vice'' and funded by MTV.

Spike Jonze was part of the Detour-Moleskine project in New York in 2007. The project invites authors to compile and illustrate Moleskine notebooks with experienced knowledge, to provide an intimate insight into the artists' creative process.

Most recently, Jonze directed ''Where the Wild Things Are'', which opened in the United States on October 16, 2009. It was arguably his most anticipated film to date, the product of an almost decade long collaboration with author Maurice Sendak. The film received generally favorable reviews, and appeared on many critics' end-of-the-year top ten lists.

In July 2009, Jonze acquired the rights to make a film adaptation of the Shane Jones novel, ''Light Boxes''. However, Jonze, in an interview with Times Online, said that Ray Tintori was no longer a director for that project as expected. In an interview with ''Interview Magazine'' in June 2010, Jones said the film option had been dropped.

In 2010, he made a 28 minute short titled ''Scenes from the Suburbs'', inspired by the Arcade Fire album ''The Suburbs''. Scenes from his short were used in the music video to the title song from the album, "The Suburbs". A dystopian vision of suburbia in the near-future, the short was co-written by Jonze, Win Butler and Will Butler. Expanding on the themes of nostalgia, alienation and childhood, the short premiered at the Berlin International Film Festival and saw its online premiere at MUBI on June 27, 2011.

Jonze is good friends with Björk and frequently works with her. He has directed three videos for her and she contributed with the theme song for Jonze's ''Being John Malkovich'' film.

Jonze is currently working on another project with the Beastie Boys for the release of their Santigold collaboration, "Don't Play No Game That I Can't Win." In a similar fashion to Jonze's recent work with Arcade Fire, he has directed both "short and epic-length videos" to partner with the single.

In 2011, Jonze directed the music video for "Otis" the second single from the album ''Watch The Throne'' by Jay-Z and Kanye West.

Personal life[link]

On June 26, 1999, Jonze married director Sofia Coppola, whom he had first met in 1992. On December 5, 2003, the couple filed for divorce, citing "irreconcilable differences." The character of John, a career-driven photographer (Giovanni Ribisi) in Coppola's ''Lost In Translation'' (2003), was rumored to be based on Jonze, though Coppola has vehemently denied this.

In 2008, Jonze dated Michelle Williams several months after the death of Heath Ledger, but around a year later they split.

In 2011, it was reported that he is dating Japanese actress Rinko Kikuchi.

Recurring collaborators[link]

Spike Jonze has worked with certain actors and key crew members in more than one of his films.

! Color Key

style="background:#ffff80;"

Filmography[link]

Director[link]

Feature films[link]

{|class="wikitable" |- ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Year ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Film ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Budget ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | US Gross ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Awards |- || 1999 | ''Being John Malkovich'' | $13 million | $22,863,596 | 3 Oscar nominations; 4 GG nominations |- || 2002 | ''Adaptation'' | $19 million | $22,498,520 | 1 Oscar win, 3 nominations; 2 GG wins, 3 GG nominations |- || 2009 | ''Where the Wild Things Are'' | $100 million | $100,086,793 | 1 GG nomination |}

Short films[link]

{|class="wikitable" |- ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Year ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Film ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Role |- | 1997 | ''How They Get There'' | Writer, director |- || 1998 | ''Amarillo by Morning'' | Director |- | 1999 | ''Torrance Rises'' | Co-director, choreographer, actor |- | 2009 | ''We Were Once a Fairytale'' | rowspan=2 | Writer, director |- | 2010 | ''I'm Here'' |- | rowspan="2" | 2011 | ''Scenes From the Suburbs'' | Co-writer, director |- | ''Mourir Auprés De Toi'' | Co-writer, co-director |}

Music videos[link]

{|class="wikitable" |- ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Year ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Song ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Artist ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Notes |- |rowspan="2"|1992 | "High in High School" | Chainsaw Kittens | |- | "100%" | Sonic Youth | |- |rowspan="5"|1993 | "Cannonball" | The Breeders | Co-directed by Kim Gordon Produced by Steve Reiss |- | "Country at War" | X | |- | "Daughters of the Kaos" | Luscious Jackson | |- | "Hang On" | Teenage Fanclub | |- | "Time for Livin'" | Beastie Boys | |- |rowspan="12"|1994 | "All About Eve" | Marxman | |- | "Buddy Holly" | Weezer | |- | "Ditch Digger" | Rocket from the Crypt | |- | "Divine Hammer" | The Breeders | |- | "Feel the Pain" | Dinosaur Jr. | |- | "I Can't Stop Smiling" | Velocity Girl | |- | "If I Only Had a Brain" | MC 900 Ft. Jesus | |- | "Old Timer" | that dog. | |- | "Ricky's Theme" | rowspan="3"|Beastie Boys | |- | "Sabotage" | Also writer |- | "Sure Shot" | |- | "Undone - The Sweater Song" | Weezer | |- |rowspan="7"|1995 | "California" | Wax | |- | "Car Song" | Elastica | |- | "Crush with Eyeliner" | R.E.M. | |- | "Freedom of '76" | Ween | |- | "It's Oh So Quiet" | Björk | |- | "The Diamond Sea" | Sonic Youth | |- | "Who Is Next?" | Wax | |- | 1996 | "Drop" | The Pharcyde | |- | rowspan="7"|1997 | "Da Funk" | Daft Punk | |- | "Electrolite" | R.E.M. | |- | "Elektrobank" | The Chemical Brothers | |- | "It's All About the Benjamins" (Rock Remix) | Puff Daddy | |- | "Liberty Calls" | Mike Watt | |- | "Shady Lane" | Pavement | |- | "Sky's the Limit" | The Notorious B.I.G. | |- | rowspan="3"|1998 | "Home" | Sean Lennon | |- | "Praise You" | Fatboy Slim | A Torrance Public Film Production |- | "Root Down" version 2 | Beastie Boys | |- | rowspan="3"|2000 | "Weapon of Choice" | Fatboy Slim | |- | "What's Up, Fatlip?" | Fatlip | |- | "Wonderboy" | Tenacious D | As Marcus Von Bueler |- | rowspan="3"|2002 | "Island in the Sun" (version 2) | Weezer | |- | "Guess I'm Doing Fine" | Beck | |- | "It's in Our Hands" | Björk | |- | 2003 | "Big Brat" | Phantom Planet | |- |rowspan="2"|2004 | "Get Back" | Ludacris | |- | "Y Control" | Yeah Yeah Yeahs | |- ||2005 | "Triumph of a Heart" | Björk | |- ||2008 | "Flashing Lights" | Kanye West | Co-directed with West |- | rowspan="2"|2009 | "Heaven" | UNKLE | Co-directed with Ty Evans |- | "25" | AsDSSka | Co-directed with Crysal Moselle |- |rowspan="2"|2010 | "Drunk Girls" | LCD Soundsystem | Co-directed with James Murphy |- | "The Suburbs" | Arcade Fire | |- | rowspan="2"|2011 | "Don't Play No Game That I Can't Win" | Beastie Boys | |- | "Otis" | Jay-Z & Kanye West | |}

Video[link]

''Ciao L.A.'' (director) (1994)

''An Intimate Look Inside the Acting Process with Ice Cube'' (director) (1999)

''What's Up, Fatlip?'' (director) (2003)

''The Work of Director Spike Jonze'' (director) (2003)

''The Mystery of Dalarö'' (director) (2004)

''Corporate Ghost'' (actor, director) (2004)

''Tell Me What Rockers to Swallow'' (cinematographer) (2004)

Skateboard videos[link]

''Rubbish Heap'' for SMA World Industries (1989)

''Two World Industries Men'' for SMA World Industries (1989)

''Video Days'' for Blind (1991)

''Goldfish'' (1993)

''Mouse'' (1996)

''The Chocolate Tour'' (1999)

''Yeah Right!'' (2003)

''Hot Chocolate!'' (2004)

''The Krooked Chronicles'' (2006)

''Fully Flared'' for Lakai (2007)

''Final Flare'' for Mark (2008)

Other filmography[link]

{|class="wikitable" |- ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Year ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Film ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Role |- | 1993 | ''Mi Vida Loca'' | rowspan="3"|Actor |- | 1996 | ''Pig!'' |- | rowspan="2" | 1997 | ''The Game'' |- | ''Free Tibet'' | Cinematographer |- | 1999 | ''Three Kings'' | Actor |- | rowspan="2" | 2001 | ''Human Nature'' | Producer |- | ''Keep Your Eyes Open'' | Actor |- | 2002 |'' Jackass: The Movie'' | rowspan="3" | Producer, actor |- | rowspan="2"| 2006 | ''Jackass: Number Two'' |- | ''''The Fall'''' |- | rowspan="2"| 2008 | ''Synecdoche, New York'' | rowspan="2" | Producer |- | ''Heavy Metal in Baghdad'' |- || 2009 | ''The 1 Second Film'' | rowspan="3" | Producer, actor |- | rowspan="2" | 2010 |''Jackass 3D'' |- |''Higglety Pigglety Pop! or There Must Be More to Life'' |- | 2011 |''Moneyball'' | Actor |}

Television[link]

{|class="wikitable" |- ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Year ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Film ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Position |- | 2000 | ''Jackass'' | Creator, executive producer |- | 2004 | ''Sonic Youth Video Dose'' | Actor |- | 2010–2012 | ''The Increasingly Poor Decisions of Todd Margaret'' | Actor - Doug Whitney |}

References[link]

Further reading[link]

.

External links[link]

Spike Jonze Producer Profile on The 1 Second Film website

Allmovie entry for Spike Jonze

Commercials at MJZ

Spike Jonze at MUBI

Spike Jonze unmasked

DirectorsLabel.com, co-founded with Chris Cunningham and Michel Gondry

KCRW's The Treatment: Spike Jonze

"Spike Jonze Unmasked" article from New York Magazine

Henry Keazor, Thorsten Wübbena: ''Video Thrills The Radio Star. Musikvideos: Geschichte, Themen, Analysen''. Bielefeld 2007, p. 175ff., p. 182ff., p. 232ff., p. 277ff.

''The New York Times Magazine'' profile

Category:1969 births Category:Advertising directors Category:American film directors Category:American film producers Category:American music video directors Category:American television producers Category:Grammy Award winners Category:Living people Category:People from Rockville, Maryland

ca:Spike Jonze da:Spike Jonze de:Spike Jonze et:Spike Jonze es:Spike Jonze fr:Spike Jonze it:Spike Jonze he:ספייק ג'ונז la:Spike Jonze ms:Spike Jonze nl:Spike Jonze ja:スパイク・ジョーンズ no:Spike Jonze pl:Spike Jonze pt:Spike Jonze ru:Джонз, Спайк fi:Spike Jonze sv:Spike Jonze th:สไปค์ จอนซ์