News is the communication of selected information on current events which is presented by print, broadcast, Internet, or word of mouth to a third-party or mass audience.

Etymology

One theory claims that the English word "news" developed in the 14th century as a special use of the plural form of "new". In Middle English, the equivalent word was ''newes'', like the French ''nouvelles'' and the German ''neues''. Similar developments are found in the Slavic languages – the Czech and Slovak ''noviny'' (from ''nový'', "new"), the cognate Polish ''nowiny'' and Russian ''novosti'' – and in the Celtic languages: the Welsh ''newyddion'' (from ''newydd'') and the Cornish ''nowodhow'' (from ''nowydh'').

History

Before the invention of newspapers in the early 17th century, official government bulletins and edicts were circulated at times in some centralized empires.

The first documented use of an organized courier service for the diffusion of written documents is in Egypt, where Pharaohs used couriers for the diffusion of their decrees in the territory of the State (2400 BC). This practice almost certainly has roots in the much older practice of oral messaging and may have been built on a pre-existing infrastructure.

In Ancient Rome, ''Acta Diurna'', or government announcement bulletins, were made public by Julius Caesar. They were carved in metal or stone and posted in public places.

In China, early government-produced news sheets, called tipao, circulated among court officials during the late Han dynasty (second and third centuries AD). Between 713 and 734, the ''Kaiyuan Za Bao'' ("Bulletin of the Court") of the Chinese Tang Dynasty published government news; it was handwritten on silk and read by government officials. In 1582 there was the first reference to privately published newssheets in Beijing, during the late Ming Dynasty.

In Early modern Europe, increased cross-border interaction created a rising need for information which was met by concise handwritten newssheets. In 1556, the government of Venice first published the monthly ''Notizie scritte'', which cost one gazetta. These avvisi were handwritten newsletters and used to convey political, military, and economic news quickly and efficiently to Italian cities (1500–1700) — sharing some characteristics of newspapers though usually not considered true newspapers. Due to low literacy rates, news was at times disseminated by town criers.

Relation aller Fürnemmen und gedenckwürdigen Historien, from 1605, is recognized as the world's first newspaper.

The oldest news agency is the Agence France-Presse (AFP). It was founded in 1835 by a Parisian translator and advertising agent, Charles-Louis Havas as Agence Havas.

In modern times, printed news had to be phoned in to a newsroom or brought there by a reporter, where it was typed and either transmitted over wire services or edited and manually set in type along with other news stories for a specific edition. Today, the term "breaking news" has become trite as commercial broadcasting United States cable news services that are available 24-hours a day use live satellite technology to bring current events into consumers' homes as the event occurs. Events that used to take hours or days to become common knowledge in towns or in nations are fed instantaneously to consumers via radio, television, mobile phone, and the Internet.

Newspapers

Most large cities in the United States historically had morning and afternoon newspapers. As the media evolved and news outlets increased to the point of near over-saturation, most afternoon newspapers were shut down. Morning newspapers have been gradually losing circulation, according to reports advanced by the papers themselves. Commonly, news content should contain the "Five Ws" (who, what, when, where, why, and also how) of an event. There should be no questions remaining. Newspapers normally place hard news stories on the first pages, so the most important information is at the beginning. Busy readers can read as little or as much as they desire. Local stations and networks with a set format must take news stories and break them down into the most important aspects due to time constraints. Cable news channels such as BBC News, Fox News, MSNBC, and CNN, are able to take advantage of a story, sacrificing other, decidedly less important stories, and giving as much detail about breaking news as possible.

News organizations are often expected to aim for objectivity; reporters claim to try to cover all sides of an issue without bias, as compared to commentators or analysts, who provide opinion or personal point-of-view. The result is a laying out of facts in a sterile, noncommittal manner, and then standing back to "let the reader decide" which view is true. Several governments impose certain constraints or police news organizations against bias. In the United Kingdom, for example, limits are set by the government agency Ofcom, the Office of Communications. Both newspapers and broadcast news programs in the United States are generally expected to remain neutral and avoid bias except for clearly indicated editorial articles or segments. Many single-party governments have operated state-run news organizations, which may present the government's views.

Even in those situations where objectivity is expected, it is difficult to achieve, and individual journalists may fall foul of their own personal bias, or succumb to commercial or political pressure. Similarly, the objectivity of news organizations owned by conglomerated corporations fairly may be questioned, in light of the natural incentive for such groups to report news in a manner intended to advance the conglomerate's financial interests. Individuals and organizations who are the subject of news reports may use news management techniques to try to make a favourable impression. Because each individual has a particular point of view, it is recognized that there can be no absolute objectivity in news reporting.

Newsworthiness

Newsworthiness is defined as a subject having sufficient relevance to the public or a special audience to warrant press attention or coverage.

In some countries and at some points in history, what news media and the public have considered "newsworthy" has met different definitions, such as the notion of news values. For example, mid-twentieth-century news reporting in the United States focused on political and local issues with important socio-economic impacts, such as the landing of a living person on the moon or the cold war. More recently, the focus similarly remains on political and local issues; however, the news mass media now comes under criticism for over-emphasis on "non-news" and "gossip" such as celebrities' personal social issues, local issues of little merit, as well as biased sensationalism of political topics such as terrorism and the economy. The dominance of celebrity and social news, the blurring of the boundary between news and reality shows and other popular culture, and the advent of citizen journalism may suggest that the nature of ‘news’ and news values are evolving and that traditional models of the news process are now only partially relevant. Newsworthiness does not only depend on the topic, but also the presentation of the topic and the selection of information from that topic.

New Ecology of News

“Everything we thought we once knew about journalism needs to be rethought in the Digital Age”, professor of Sociology and Communication Michael Schudson points out. Today the work of journalism can be done from anywhere and done well. It requires no more than a reporter and a laptop. In that way, journalistic authority seems to have become more individual- and less institution-based. But does the individual reporter always have to be an actual journalist? Or can journalistic work be done from anywhere and by anyone? These are questions that refers to the core of journalistic practice and the definition of “news” itself. As Schudson has given emphasis to, the answer is not easily found; “the ground journalists walk upon is shaking, and the experience for both those who work in the field and those on the outside studying it is dizzying”.

Schudson has identified the following six specific areas where the ecology of news in his opinion has changed: 1. The line between the reader and writer has blurred 2. The distinction among tweet, blog post, newspaper story, magazine article, and book has blurred 3. The line between professionals and amateurs has blurred, and a variety of “pro-am” relationships has emerged 4. The boundaries delineating for-profit, public, and non-profit media have blurred, and the cooperation across these models of financing has developed 5. Within commercial news organizations, the line between the news room and the business office has blurred 6. The line between old media and new media has blurred, practically beyond recognition

These alterations inevitably has fundamental ramifications for the contemporary ecology of news. “The boundaries of journalism, which just a few years ago seemed relatively clear, and permanent, have become less distinct, and this blurring, while potentially the foundation of progress even as it is the source of risk, has given rise to a new set of journalistic principles and practices”, Schudson puts it. It is indeed complex, but it seems to be the future.

References

Further reading

Stephens, Mitchell. "The History of News - 3rd Ed" Oxford University Press, New York, 2007.

External links

Category:Television terminology

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name	Salman Khan
birth name	Abdul Rashid Salim Salman Khan
birth place	Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
birth date	December 27, 1965
occupation	Film actor, television presenter and philanthropist
yearsactive	1988–present
residence	Bandra, Mumbai
othername	Sallu
parents	Salim KhanSalma Khan
relatives	Arbaaz Khan (brother)Sohail Khan (brother)Helen Richardson (step-mother) }}

Salman Khan (pronunciation : ; born Abdul Rashid Salim Salman Khan on 27 December 1965) is an Indian film actor. He has starred in more than 80 Hindi films.

Khan, who made his acting debut with a minor role in the drama ''Biwi Ho To Aisi'' (1988), had his first commercial success with the blockbuster ''Maine Pyar Kiya'' (1989), for which he won a Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut. He went on to star in some successful Hindi films of those times, such as ''Saajan'' (1991), ''Hum Aapke Hain Koun..!'' (1994), ''Karan Arjun'' (1995), ''Judwaa'' (1997), ''Pyar Kiya To Darna Kya'' (1998) and ''Biwi No.1'' (1999), having appeared in the highest earning films of seven separate years during his career.

In 1999, Khan won a Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor for his extended appearance in ''Kuch Kuch Hota Hai'' (1998), and since then has starred in several critical and commercial successes, including ''Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam'' (1999), ''Mujhse Shaadi Karogi'' (2004), ''No Entry'' (2005), ''Partner'' (2007), ''Wanted'' (2009), ''Dabangg'' (2010), ''Ready'' (2011) and ''Bodyguard'' (2011), which has become the second highest-grossing Bollywood film of all-time. Khan has thus established himself as one of the most successful actors of Hindi cinema.

Early life

Khan is the eldest son of screenwriter Salim Khan and his first wife Salma (''née'' Sushila Charak). His paternal grandfather was a Muslim from Afghanistan who came to India and settled in Madhya Pradesh, whereas his mother is a Marathi Hindu. Khan himself had once said that he is "half Muslim and half Hindu". His stepmother is Helen, a former actress, who has co-starred with him in a few films. He has two brothers, Arbaaz Khan and Sohail Khan, and two sisters, Alvira and Arpita. Alvira is married to actor/director Atul Agnihotri. Khan finished his schooling through St. Stanislaus High School in Bandra, Mumbai, as did his younger brothers Arbaaz and Sohail. Earlier, he studied at The Scindia School, Gwalior for a few years along with younger brother Arbaaz.

Career

1980s

Salman Khan made his acting debut with a supporting role in the 1988 film ''Biwi Ho To Aisi''. His first leading role in a Bollywood movie was in Sooraj R. Barjatya's romantic family drama ''Maine Pyar Kiya'' (1989), one of India's highest grossing films. It earned him a Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut, as well as his first nomination for a Best Actor at Filmfare.

1990s

1990 saw one film release starring Khan, ''Baaghi: A Rebel for Love''. The film was a box office success, followed by four hit films in 1991, ''Patthar Ke Phool'', ''Sanam Bewafa'', ''Kurbaan'' and ''Saajan''. Despite these early successes, nearly all of his 1992–1993 releases resulted in box office failures. In 1995 he starred in Rakesh Roshan's ''Karan Arjun'' alongside Shahrukh Khan.

In 1996, Khan performed in two movies, Sanjay Leela Bhansali's directional debut ''Khamoshi: The Musical'', a box office failure, but critically acclaimed; and Raj Kanwar's action hit ''Jeet''. He had two releases in 1997: ''Judwaa'' and ''Auzaar''. The former was a comedy directed by David Dhawan where he played a dual role of twins separated at birth.

Khan worked in five different films in 1998, his first release being the comedy ''Pyaar Kiya To Darna Kya'' opposite Kajol, one of the biggest commercial successes of that year. This was followed by the moderately successful drama ''Jab Pyaar Kisise Hota Hai''. and ''Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam'', which earned another Best Actor nomination at the Filmfare.

2000s

In 2000, Khan acted in films including ''Har Dil Jo Pyar Karega'' and ''Chori Chori Chupke Chupke''. ''Chori Chori Chupke Chupke'' addressed the issue of surrogate childbirth; Khan played the role of a rich industrialist, who hires a surrogate mother after his wife becomes infertile. Critics noted his turn towards a more serious role, which reportedly had more substance in comparison to his previous roles. In 2002 he starred in the delayed release ''Hum Tumhare Hain Sanam''.

For ''Tere Naam'', (2003) Taran Adarsh said of him, "Salman Khan is exceptional in a role that fits him to the T. He breathes fire in sequences that demand uneasiness. But beneath the tough exterior lies a vulnerable person and this facet in particular comes to the fore in the latter reels. His emotional outbursts are splendid..." He subsequently continued his success at the box office, with comedies like ''Mujhse Shaadi Karogi'' (2004) and ''No Entry'' ''(2005)''. He next appeared in the Hollywood movie, ''Marigold: An Adventure in India'' which told the love story of an Indian man and an American woman. Khan starred in three films throughout 2008, all of which underperformed.

Khan hosted the second season of ''10 Ka Dum'' in year 2009 which turned out to be even more successful than his first season as host of the game show in year 2008. The show got very high TRPs for Sony Entertainment Television and according to reports, the show helped Sony TV regain its third position in the Indian television ratings.

Khan's first film of 2009, ''Wanted'' directed by choreographer turned director Prabhu Deva. In the same year, he appeared in two other films, ''Main Aurr Mrs Khanna'' and ''London Dreams''. While ''London Dreams'' doing average business, only due to the uninspiring music, but ''Main Aurr Mrs Khanna'' made 21 crores through DTH Premiere.

2010s

Khan's first release of 2010 was Anil Sharma's commercially and critically unsuccessful film ''Veer''. His next release, ''Dabangg'', was produced by his brother Arbaaz Khan, and released on 10 September 2010. It made a record opening at the box office and Box Office India declared it an all-time blockbuster. For his performance in ''Dabangg'', Khan received a Star Screen Award for Best Actor and a Stardust Award for Star of the Year – Male and was nominated for his sixth Filmfare Award for Best Actor. Anupama Chopra from NDTV wrote about his performance, "It's the role of a lifetime and Salman Khan bites into it like a starving man devours a feast. He inhabits it fully, strutting and swaggering and even, spoofing himself."

Khan's first release of 2011 was ''Ready'' which released on 3 June. The film broke several box office records and is currently the fourth highest-grossing Bollywood film of all time. He next appeared in ''Bodyguard''. Upon release, the film Became a Blockbuster at the box office, with Khan's performance receiving favourable comments from critics and is currently the second highest-grossing Bollywood film of all time.

Personal life

In 2004, he was voted seventh-best-looking man in the world and the best looking man in India by ''People'' magazine, US. Khan has been involved in several charities during his career.

On 11 October 2007, Khan accepted an offer from Madame Tussauds wax museum in London to have a wax replica made of himself. His life-size wax figure was installed there on 15 January 2008, making him the fourth Indian actor to have been replicated as a wax statue in the museum.

Khan has been the subject of several controversies, including certain legal troubles. On 28 September 2002, Khan was arrested for rash and negligent driving. His car had run into a bakery in Mumbai; one person who was sleeping on the pavement outside the bakery died and three others were injured in the mishap. Charges of culpable homicide were laid against him, but later dropped, and he was found not guilty. On 17 February 2006, Khan was sentenced to one year in prison for hunting the Chinkara, an endangered species. The sentence was stayed by a higher court during appeal. On 10 April 2006, he was handed a five year jail term and remanded to Jodhpur jail until 13 April when he was granted bail.

On September 2010, Khan was reported to have claimed during an interview to a Pakistani channel that the 26/11 attacks were hyped because the "elite" were targeted. During the interview the actor had said - "''It was the elite that was targeted this time. Five star hotels and all. So they panicked. Then they got up and spoke about it. My question is why not before. Attacks have happened in trains and small towns too, but no one talked about it so much."'' Khan also said that Pakistan was not to be blamed for it, and that the Indian security forces had failed. Khan's comments had drawn strong reactions from Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra Chagan Bhujbal, Shiv Sena, BJP and other political parties. The comments were also condemned by Ujwal Nikam, Special Prosecutor in the 26/11 trial. Khan later apologised for his comments.

His relationship with actress Aishwarya Rai was a well publicised topic in the Indian media. After their break-up in March 2002, Rai accused him of harassing her. She claimed that Khan had not been able to come to terms with their break-up and was hounding her; her parents lodged a complaint against him. In 2005, news outlets released what was said to be an illicit copy of a mobile phone call recorded in 2001 by the Mumbai police. It appeared to be a call in which he threatened Rai, in an effort to force her to appear at social events held by Mumbai crime figures. The call featured boasts of connections to organised crime and derogatory comments about other actors. However, the alleged tape was tested in the government's Forensic lab in Chandigarh, which concluded that it was fake.

After years of speculations, actress Katrina Kaif admitted in an 2011 interview for a magazine that she was in a serious relationship with Salman Khan for several years, which ended in 2010.

In August 2011 he admitted he suffers from trigeminal neuralgia, a facial nerve disorder commonly known as the suicide disease. In an interview he said that he has been quietly suffering it for the past seven years, but now the pain’s become unbearable. It has even affected his voice, making it much harsher.

Non film work

Khan has started an NGO called 'Being Human' which will sell T-shirts and other products online and in stores. A portion of the sales will go to a worthy cause supporting the underprivileged.

In January 2012, Khan has offered to pay for releasing around 400 prisoners from around 63 prisons in the state of Uttar Pradesh via his NGO. The prisoners had completed their term but due to economical reasons, they were unable to pay a legal fine for their charges.

Awards and nominations

Filmography

Actor

! Year	! Title	! Role	Other notes
1988	''Biwi Ho To Aisi''	Vicky Bhandari
1989	''Maine Pyar Kiya''	Prem Choudhary	Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actor
1990	''Baaghi: A Rebel for Love''	Saajan Sood
1991	''Sanam Bewafa''	Salman Khan
1991	''Patthar Ke Phool''	Inspector Suraj
1991		Akash Singh
1991		Prithvi
1991	''Saajan''	Akash Varma
1992		Vicky/Suryavanshi Vikram Singh
1992	''Ek Ladka Ek Ladki''	Raja
1992	''Jaagruti''	Jugnu
1992	''Nishchaiy''	Rohan Yadav/Vasudev Gujral
1993	''Chandra Mukhi''	Raja Rai
1993	''Dil Tera Aashiq''	Vijay
1994	''Andaz Apna Apna''	Prem Bhopali
1994	''Hum Aapke Hain Koun..!''	Prem
1994	''Chaand Kaa Tukdaa''	Shyam Malhotra
1994	''Sangdil Sanam''	Kishan
1995	''Karan Arjun''	Karan Singh/Ajay	Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actor
1995	''Veergati''	Ajay
1996	''Majhdhaar''	Gopal
1996	''Khamoshi: The Musical''	Raj
1996		Raju	Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor
1996	''Dushman Duniya Ka''		Special appearance
1997	''Judwaa''	Raja/Prem Malhotra
1997	''Auzaar''	Inspector Suraj Prakash
1997		Captain Jeet Sharma	Incomplete film
1997	''Deewana Mastana''	Prem Kumar	Special appearance
1998		Suraj Khanna	Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actor
1998	''Jab Pyaar Kisise Hota Hai''	Suraj Dhanrajgir
1998			Special appearance
1998		Raju
1998	''Kuch Kuch Hota Hai''	Aman Mehra	Extended guest appearanceFilmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor
1999	''Jaanam Samjha Karo''	Rahul
1999	''Biwi No.1''	Prem	Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role
1999	''Sirf Tum''	Prem	Special appearance
1999	''Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam''	Sameer Rafillini	Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actor
1999		Hero
1999	''Hum Saath-Saath Hain: We Stand United''	Prem
2000	''Dulhan Hum Le Jayenge''	Raja Oberoi
2000	''Chal Mere Bhai''	Prem Oberoi
2000	''Har Dil Jo Pyar Karega''	Raj/Romi
2000	''Dhaai Akshar Prem Ke''		Special appearance
2000		Prem Kapoor
2001	''Chori Chori Chupke Chupke''	Raj Malhotra
2002	''Tumko Na Bhool Paayenge''	Veer Singh Thakur/Ali
2002	''Hum Tumhare Hain Sanam''	Suraj
2002	''Yeh Hai Jalwa''	Raj 'Raju' Saxena/Raj Mittal
2003	''Love at Times Square''		Special appearance
2003			Special appearance
2003	''Tere Naam''	Radhe Mohan	Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actor
2003		Alok Raj	Special appearanceNominated—Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor
2004	''Garv: Pride and Honour''	Inspector Arjun Ranavat
2004	''Mujhse Shaadi Karogi''	Sameer Malhotra
2004	''Phir Milenge''	Rohit Manchanda	Extended guest appearance
2004	''Dil Ne Jise Apna Kahaa''	Rishabh
2005	''Lucky: No Time for Love''	Aditya
2005	''Maine Pyaar Kyun Kiya?''	Dr. Samir Malhotra
2005	''No Entry''	Prem	Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role
2005	''Kyon Ki''	Anand
2006	''Saawan... The Love Season''	Sameer Sam	Extended guest appearance
2006	''Shaadi Karke Phas Gaya Yaar''	Ayaan
2006	''Jaan-E-Mann''	Suhaan Kapoor
2006		Avinash Kapoor
2007	''Salaam-e-Ishq: A Tribute To Love''	Rahul
2007		Prem Love Guru
2007	''Marigold: An Adventure in India''	Prem	English language film
2007	''Om Shanti Om''	Himself	Special appearance in song "Deewangi Deewangi"
2007	''Saawariya''	Imaan	Extended guest appearance
2008	''God Tussi Great Ho''	Arun Prajapati
2008		Chetan Bhagat	Special appearance
2008		Balkar Singh/Jassvinder Singh
2008	''Yuvvraaj''	Deven Yuvvraaj
2009		Radhe/Rajveer Shikhawat
2009	''Main Aurr Mrs Khanna''	Samir Khanna
2009	''London Dreams''	Mannu (Manjit Khosla)
2009	''Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani''	Himself	Special appearance
2010		Veer
2010	''Prem Kaa Game''	The Sutradhaar (Narrator)	Special appearance
2010	''Dabangg''	Inspector Chulbul Pandey(Robinhood Pandey)	Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actor
2010	''Tees Maar Khan''	Himself	Special appearance in song "Wallah Re Wallah"
2010	''Isi Life Mein''	Himself	Special appearance
2011		Prem Kapoor
2011		Lovely Singh	Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actor
2011	''Tell Me O Kkhuda''		Cameo
2011	''Do Aur Do Paanch''		Extended guest appearance
2012	''Ek Tha Tiger''		Filming
2012	''Dabangg 2''	Inspector Chulbul Pandey(Robinhood Pandey)	Filming

Television presenter

''10 Ka Dum'' (Seasons 1 & 2)

''Bigg Boss'' (Seasons 4 & 5)

Writer

''Baaghi: A Rebel for Love'' (1990)

''Veer'' (2010)

Producer

''Chillar Party'' (2011)

See also

List of Indian Actors

List of people from Madhya Pradesh

References

Further reading

External links

Category:1965 births Category:Filmfare Awards winners Category:Indian actors Category:Indian film actors Category:Indian television presenters Category:People from Indore Category:Hindi film actors Category:Living people Category:Scindia School alumni Category:Bigg Boss Category:Indian people of Afghan descent

ar:سلمان خان az:Salman Xan bn:সলমান খান bg:Салман Хан ca:Salman Khan da:Salman Khan de:Salman Khan es:Salman Khan (actor) fr:Salman Khan gu:સલમાન ખાન hi:सलमान ख़ान id:Salman Khan it:Salman Khan he:סלמן ח'אן jv:Salman Khan kn:ಸಲ್ಮಾನ್‌ ಖಾನ್‌ kk:Салман Хан hu:Szalmán Khán ml:സൽമാൻ ഖാൻ mr:सलमान खान ms:Salman Khan no:Salman Khan ps:سلمان خان pl:Salman Khan ru:Хан, Салман si:සල්මන් ඛාන් fi:Salman Khan sv:Salman Khan ta:சல்மான் கான் te:సల్మాన్ ఖాన్ th:ซัลมาน ข่าน tg:Салмонхон ur:سلمان خان zh:沙萊曼·罕

Name	Anushka Sharma
Occupation	Model, Actress
Birth place	Bangalore, Karnataka, India
Birth date	May 01, 1988
Nationality	Indian
Yearsactive	2008–present
Website	}}

Anushka Sharma ( ; born 1 May 1988) is an Indian actress and former model who appears in Hindi films. In 2008, she was signed by Aditya Chopra for a three-film contract and made her screen debut in Chopra's ''Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi''. She later received acclaim for her role as Shruti Kakkar in ''Band Baaja Baaraat'' (2010). Both films fetched her a Best Actress nomination at the Filmfare Awards ceremony.

Early life and background

Sharma was born in Bangalore, but her parents are from Garhwal, Uttarakhand. Her father, Col. Ajay Kumar Sharma, is an army officer and her mother Ashima Sharma is a housewife. She has an elder brother named Karnesh, who was a state-level cricketer and now, is in the Merchant Navy. She studied in Army School and graduated with specialization in arts from Mount Carmel College, Bangalore. She later moved to Mumbai to further pursue her modelling career, where she currently resides.

Career

Sharma says she originally wished to make it big in the modeling world but had no strong aspirations for films. She began her modeling career at the Lakme Fashion Week as a model for Wendell Rodricks's Les Vamps Show and was picked to be Rodricks's finale model at the Spring Summer '07 Collection. Since then she has done campaigns for Silk & Shine, Whisper, Nathella Jewelry and Fiat Palio.

Her first acting role was in Aditya Chopra's ''Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi'' (2008) opposite Shahrukh Khan. Her performance was appreciated with film critic Taran Adarsh stating, "Anushka looks the character and surprises you with a confident performance. It's no small achievement to share screen space with an actor of the caliber of SRK and Anushka manages it very well from start to end." Her second film, ''Badmaash Company'', also under Yash Raj Films, was released on May 7, 2010. Harshita Kohli of StarBoxOffice.com said, "Anushka Sharma goes from ''Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi'' housewife to super hot chic in ''Badmaash Company''." While Taran Adarsh added, "Anushka is a revelation. She looks stunning, her performance is livewire and the chemistry with Shahid is electrifying."

}}

She starred in her third Yash Raj Film, ''Band Baaja Baaraat'', directed by Maneesh Sharma and co-starring debutant Ranveer Singh. ''Band Baaja Baaraat'' was released on December 10, 2010 to positive reviews and became a sleeper hit. This time Adarsh wrote, "Anushka is truly wonderful. The toughest part of her job must have been to speak like a typical Delhi Punjabi girl and she does it so skillfully. For the first time in her 3-film career, a film rests mainly on Anushka's shoulders, as opposed to her prior films , and she handles the responsibility so well." For her performance, she received her second nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress and earned several awards and nominations at different award ceremonies.

In December 2009, she began shooting for ''Patiala House'', her first venture outside of Yash Raj with Nikhil Advani and Akshay Kumar. ''Patiala House'' was released on February 11, 2011. Despite the film's lukewarm performance at the box office, Sharma received positive reviews. Nikhat Kazmi of The Times Of India wrote, "Anushka Sharma’s vivacity may have an after taste of her bubbling Band Baaja Baraat act but her passage from Janakpuri’s dhinchak girl to Southall’s siren is sweet and smooth. Watch out for the girl; she’s truly on a roll."

As of June 2011, she is set to re-unite with her ''Band Baaja Baarat'' gang Ranveer Singh and Maneesh Sharma for Yashraj Films's 2011 release ''Ladies vs Ricky Bahl''.

Filmography

''Badmaash Company'' ''Patiala House''

Year !! Title !! Role !! Other notes
2008	''Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi ''	Tani Sahni
rowspan="2"	2010	|	Bulbul Singh
''Band Baaja Baaraat''	Shruti Kakkar
rowspan="2"	2011	|	Simran
''Ladies VS Ricky Bahl''
2011	''Matru Ki Biwi Ka Mann Dola" & Yash Raj'' (untitled film)

Awards and nominations

Filmfare Awards

Nominated 2009: Filmfare Best Actress Award; ''Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi'' 2009: Filmfare Best Female Debut Award; ''Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi'' 2011: Filmfare Best Actress Award; ''Band Baaja Baaraat''

Star Screen Awards

Nominated

2008: Star Screen Award for Most Promising Newcomer - Female; ''Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi''

2011: Star Screen Award for Best Actress; ''Band Baaja Baaraat''

IIFA Awards

;Winner 2011: IIFA Award for Best Actress; ''Band Baaja Baaraat''

Apsara Film and Television Producers Guild Awards

;Winner 2009: Best Debut (Female); ''Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi'' 2011: Best Actress in a Leading Role; ''Band Baaja Baaraat''

Zee Cine Awards

Nominated 2011: Zee Cine Award for Best Actor – Female; ''Band Baaja Baaraat''

References

External links

Category:Indian film actors Category:Indian actors Category:Hindi film actors Category:Indian Hindus Category:1988 births Category:Living people Category:Indian female models Category:People from Bangalore Category:Bangalore University alumni Category:People from Mumbai

ar:أنوشكا شارما de:Anushka Sharma fr:Anushka Sharma gu:અનુષ્કા શર્મા hi:अनुष्का शर्मा it:Anushka Sharma ml:അനുഷ്ക ശർമ mr:अनुष्का शर्मा ja:アヌーシュカ・シャルマ pa:ਅਨੁਸ਼ਕਾ ਸ਼ਰਮਾ pl:Anushka Sharma fi:Anushka Sharma

Name	Priyanka Chopra
Occupation	Actress, Singer
Birth place	Jamshedpur, Jharkand, India
Birth date	July 18, 1982
Nationality	Indian
Yearsactive	2002–present}}

Priyanka Chopra (, ; born 18 July 1982) is an Indian actress and former Miss World. Before starting her acting career, she worked as a model and gained fame after winning the Miss World title in 2000. She is often referred to by the nickname "Piggy Chops", which was given to her by co-stars on the set of the film ''Bluffmaster!''

Chopra made her acting debut with the 2002 Tamil film ''Thamizhan''. The following year, she made her Bollywood film debut with ''The Hero: Love Story of a Spy'' and followed it with the hit ''Andaaz'', for which she won a Filmfare Best Female Debut Award. In 2004, she became the second woman to win the Filmfare Best Villain Award, which she received for her critically acclaimed performance in ''Aitraaz''. Chopra would later have commercial success with films like ''Mujhse Shaadi Karogi'' (2004), ''Krrish'' (2006) and ''Don – The Chase Begins Again''. In 2008, Chopra received a National Film Award for Best Actress, as well as a Filmfare Award for Best Actress for her portrayal of a model in ''Fashion'' and has thus established herself as one of the leading contemporary actresses in Bollywood.

Early life and background

Chopra was born in Jamshedpur, Jharkhand to Ashok Chopra and Madhu Akhauri, both physicians by profession. Chopra spent her childhood in Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh; Newton, Massachusetts; and Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Her father was in the army and thus her family moved quite frequently. Her father hailed from a family of Punjabi origin, settled in Bareilly and her mother comes from a family settled in Jamshedpur. She also has a brother, Siddharth, who is seven years younger than she is.

Chopra studied at La Martiniere Girls' School in Lucknow as a young girl. She subsequently re-located to the U.S. where she studied in Newton South High School in Newton, Massachusetts and then in John F. Kennedy High School in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. She returned to India and finished her high school at Army School in Bareilly. She began college at Jai Hind College in Mumbai, but left after winning the Miss World pageant.

Miss World

Chopra's mother sent in pictures of her for the Miss India contest. When she got called to participate, she was surprised and did it mainly to take a break from studying. She came in second place at the Femina Miss India 2000 competition, winning the Femina Miss India World title. She was subsequently sent to the Miss World pageant, where she was crowned Miss World 2000. In the same year, Lara Dutta and Dia Mirza, both also from India, won the Miss Universe and Miss Asia Pacific crowns respectively, in a rare triple victory for one country. When Chopra won the Miss World crown, she became the fifth Indian woman to win the title, and the fourth Indian woman to win in a span of seven years.

Acting career

Debut and breakthrough (2002–03)

Chopra made her debut in the 2002 Tamil film ''Thamizhan'' playing the role of Priya, the love interest of the protaginist in the film played by Vijay. The film was praised for its wit, although the depth of Chopra's character was seen as lacking. Chopra also sang playback in the film, singing "Ullathai Killadhe" along with Vijay. In 2003, she appeared in her first Bollywood film, opposite Sunny Deol and Preity Zinta in the Anil Sharma film ''The Hero: Love Story of a Spy''. She played a supporting role as a doctor named Shaheen in the film that ''The New York Times'' described as "ripping its text from the seething border tensions between India and Pakistan, spicing its conflict with hot-tempered religious zealots bent on nuclear havoc". Despite being one of the highest grossing films of that year, the overall film was not well received by critics. Chopra was awarded mostly good reviews for her debut Hindi performance. Later that year she appeared in Raj Kanwar's ''Andaaz'', playing the character of Jiya who falls in love with Raj Malhotra, played by Akshay Kumar. The film was a success at the box office, earning her a Filmfare Best Female Debut Award and a nomination for Filmfare Best Supporting Actress Award. Rediff.com said of her role, "Priyanka Chopra alone clicks with the audience, thanks to her skimpy outfits."

Initial success and struggle phase (2004–08)

Her next few films released in 2004 ''Plan'', ''Kismat'' and ''Asambhav'' performed poorly at the box office. Later that year she appeared in David Dhawan's romantic comedy ''Mujhse Shaadi Karogi'' playing the role of a young fashion designer Rani along with Salman Khan and Akshay Kumar. The film turned out to be the third-highest grossing film of that year. She next starred in Abbas-Mustan's thriller ''Aitraaz''. It was her first negative role and her performance was critically acclaimed. She earned a Filmfare Best Villain Award, becoming the second and last female actor to win the award after Kajol (the category has been retired since 2008). She also received a second nomination for Filmfare Best Supporting Actress Award for the role. Film critic Subhash K. Jha noted, "A star is born! As the predatory social-climbing seductress who can go to any length to satiate her lust for life, Priyanka Chopra rocks the scene like never before. The film is undoubtedly a triumph for Priyanka Chopra. With half a smile, a twitch of her lip and a movement of her eyebrow she seems to slip into her man-eater's role with captivating ease". In 2005, she starred in six films. Four of them, ''Blackmail'', ''Karam'', ''Yakeen'' and ''Barsaat'' failed to do well. However, her performance in ''Yakeen'' garnered good reviews from critics.

Her other two 2005 releases, ''Waqt: The Race Against Time'' and ''Bluffmaster!'' performed moderately at the box office. In 2006, Chopra starred in two of the most successful films of the year: ''Krrish'', in which she shared the screen with Hrithik Roshan and Rekha, and ''Don – The Chase Begins Again'', alongside Shahrukh Khan which was a remake of the 1978 film ''Don''. She played the character of Roma, a role which was played by Zeenat Aman in the original movie.

In 2007, she appeared in Nikhil Advani's ensemble piece ''Salaam-e-Ishq: A Tribute To Love''. Despite a promising opening, the movie was a financial failure. Chopra's next release, the much-delayed ''Big Brother'', also underperformed at the box-office. In 2008, Chopra acted in six films. Her first four films, ''Love Story 2050'', ''God Tussi Great Ho'', ''Chamku'' and ''Drona'', were critically and commercially unsuccessful. Critics started panning her for choosing the wrong movies and criticising her performances. Still, she was noted for her physical performance in ''Drona'' with Rediff writing, "Chopra truly impresses with her convincing action heroine skills."

''Fashion'' and recent work (2008–present)

After a series of flops, Chopra was cast in Madhur Bhandarkar's ''Fashion'' (2008) for the lead role of Meghna Mathur. Revolving around the fashion world through Chopra's role of an ambitious model, the film was a critical success. Her performance in the film was appreciated and earned her several awards for Best Actress including the National Film Award for Best Actress, as well as the Filmfare Award for Best Actress. Subhash K Jha said of her performance, "Her transformation from the bubbly Chandigarh girl to the super-ambitious supermodel, who dumps her boyfriend and conscience to pursue her dreams, is achieved with a gentle subtlety and bridled passion. This is Priyanka’s coming-of-age film. She looks like a zillion bucks. And acts like a woman who connects with the darkest, most desperate human emotions without wallowing in them." Chopra's final release of the year was Tarun Mansukhani's romantic comedy ''Dostana''. The film was a moderate financial success. Rajeev Masand wrote about her performance, "Priyanka Chopra, is at complete ease, slipping effortlessly into the role of the hottie-with-a-heart-of-gold; she looks smashing in this film, better than she's ever looked before."

In 2009, she appeared in Vishal Bhardwaj's caper thriller ''Kaminey'' alongside Shahid Kapoor, playing the role of a feisty Marathi girl named Sweety. Her performance in the film was described by critic Taran Adarsh as "first-rate", who further stated, "She's so much in sync with her character... [and] gets the Maharashtrian accent perfect". She subsequently appeared in Ashutosh Gowariker's romantic comedy ''What's Your Raashee?'', a film which made Chopra the first actress in cinema history to portray 12 distinct characters in one film. She was reportedly being considered for inclusion in the upcoming edition of ''Guinness World Records'' for this feat. The film itself was a financial and critical failure, but Chopra's performance in the film was appreciated by critics.

In 2010, Chopra appeared in Jugal Hansraj's ''Pyaar Impossible'' where she portrayed the role of a college beauty who eventually falls in love with a geek. The film was a commercial and critical failure. Her next release, Siddharth Anand's ''Anjaana Anjaani'' alongside Ranbir Kapoor, got a good initial response at the box office, but was not well-received by the critics.

In early 2011, Chopra appeared in Vishal Bhardwaj's black comedy ''7 Khoon Maaf'', in which she portrayed the role of an Anglo-Indian woman who murders her seven husbands. Her performance in the film garnered mixed reviews by the critics. She has completed the filming of Farhan Akhtar's ''Don 2 – The Chase Continues'' alongside Shahrukh Khan. She has commenced the filming of Anurag Basu's ''Barfee'', in which she is playing a mentally challenged girl, as well as Kunal Kohli's next venture opposite Shahid Kapoor in which she plays a yesteryear actress. and Karan Johar's ''Agneepath'' remake, the filming of both being held in back-to-back schedules. Recently, she has also confirmed to be reprising her role in ''Krrish 2'' alongside Hrithik Roshan.

Music career

Chopra is also a trained western classical singer. In August 2011, she signed a worldwide recording agreement with Universal Music and Desi Hits to record and release her first music album. The album will be released in North America with Desi Hits through Interscope Records and in other international markets on UK's Island Records. Her music career will be managed by Troy Carter, chief executive officer of Atom Factory. The album, which will be produced by Universal Music Group and Desi Hits will contain about ten pop songs and will release worldwide, sometime in 2012. Chopra is currently writing and recording the album in English.

Other work

Chopra became a television host with the Colors' reality show ''Fear Factor – Khatron Ke Khiladi Level 3''. She replaced actor Akshay Kumar who hosted the previous two seasons. The show, which premiered on 6 September 2010, beat the opening ratings of the previous two seasons.

Chopra participated in a concert tour titled ''Temptations 2004'' with other Bollywood actors and actresses, including Shahrukh Khan, Saif Ali Khan, Rani Mukerji, Preity Zinta and Arjun Rampal. She sang, danced and performed in skits. She was also offered the opportunity do the playback singing of "Tinka Tinka" in ''Karam'' (2005). She declined, wanting to concentrate on acting, but later sang the song live on the TV program Sa Re Ga Ma Pa.

On 12 December 2009, she was present as a judge for the Miss World 2009 competition held in Johannesburg, South Africa. She was also appointed as a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador in 2010.

Chopra continues to do some modelling work, such as appearing for fashion designer Ritu Kumar's collection at HDIL India Couture Week. She has a number of endorsements and is one of the top paid Bollywood actresses in this respect. She has represented brands including Lux, Ponds, Sunsilk, Hero Honda, Nokia, Tag Heuer, J. Hampsted and Virgin Comic.

Awards and honours

Chopra has won several movie awards, including the Filmfare Best Female Debut Award in 2003 for ''Andaaz'', the Filmfare Best Villain Award in 2005 for ''Aitraaz'', and the Filmfare Best Actress Award in 2009 for ''Fashion''. She also received the 2009 National Film Award for Best Actress for ''Fashion''.

In 2006, the UK magazine ''Eastern Eye'' ranked her first on their list of "Asia's Sexiest Women", and an eBay online poll crowned her the Style Diva of the year.

Filmography

Year	Title	Role	Notes
2002	''Thamizhan''	Priya
2003	''The Hero: Love Story of a Spy''	Shaheen Zakaria
2003	''Andaaz''	Jiya	Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress
2004		Rani
2004		Sapna
2004	''Asambhav''	Alisha
2004	''Mujhse Shaadi Karogi''	Rani Singh
2004	''Aitraaz''	Mrs. Sonia Roy	Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress
2005		Mrs. Rathod
2005		Shalini
2005	''Waqt: The Race Against Time''	Pooja (Mitali)
2005		Simar
2005		Kajal
2005	''Bluffmaster!''	Simmi Ahuja
2006	''Taxi Number 9211''		Special appearance
2006	''36 China Town''	Seema	Special appearance
2006	''Alag''		Special appearance in song "Sabse Alag"
2006	''Krrish''	Priya
2006		Anu
2006	''Don: The Chase Begins Again''	Roma
2007	''Salaam-e-Ishq: A Tribute to Love''	Kamini
2007		Aarthi Sharma
2007	''Om Shanti Om''	Herself	Special appearance in song "Deewangi Deewangi"
2008	''My Name is Anthony Gonsalves''	Herself	Special appearance
2008	''Love Story 2050''	Sana / Zeisha	Double role
2008	''God Tussi Great Ho''	Alia Kapoor
2008		Shubhi
2008		Sonia
2008		Meghna Mathur	National Film Award for Best Actress Filmfare Award for Best Actress
2008		Neha Melwani
2009	''Billu''	Herself	Special appearance in song "You Get Me Rockin & Reeling"
2009	''Kaminey''	Sweety Shekhar Bhope	Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actress
2009	''What's Your Raashee?''	12 roles	Anjali / Vishakha / Kajal / Hansa / Mallika / Pooja / Rajni / Nandini / Bhavna / Jhankhana / Sanjna / Chandrika
2010	''Pyaar Impossible''	Alisha Merchant
2010	''Jaane Kahan Se Aayi Hai''	Herself	Special appearance
2010	''Anjaana Anjaani''	Kiara
2011	''7 Khoon Maaf''	Susanna Anna-Marie Johannes
2011	''Ra.One''		Special appearance
2011	''Don 2: The Chase Continues''	Roma	Post-production
2012		Kaali	Filming
2012	''Barfee''		Filming
2012	''Teri Meri Kahaani''		Filming
2012	''Krrish 2''	Priya	Pre-production

See also

List of Indian film actresses

Miss India

References

External links

Official Website

Priyanka Chopra on Bollywood Hungama

}} Category:1982 births Category:Living people Category:Indian film actors Category:Hindi film actors Category:Indian actors Category:Filmfare Awards winners Category:Miss World winners Category:Miss World 2000 delegates Category:Femina Miss India winners Category:Military brats Category:Indian female models Category:Old Martinians Category:Indian Hindus Category:Punjabi people Category:People from Bareilly Category:People from Jharkhand Category:National Film Award winners Category:Indian game show hosts

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name	Sajid Khan
birth date	December 28, 1951
birth place	Mumbai, India
website	http://www.sajidkhan.com }}

Sajid Khan (born 28 December 1951 in Mumbai, India) is a former Indian actor. He is the adopted son of Indian film producer Mehboob Khan, founder of Mehboob Studios, in India.

Career

Sajid started acting as a child appearing as the younger version of Sunil Dutt's character in his father Mehboob's 1957 film ''Mother India''. He played a more central role in his father's next and last film ''Son of India'' in 1962. He went on to achieve fame in the United States with a co-starring role alongide Jay North in the 1966 film ''Maya''. The film's success led to a television series of the of the same name airing on NBC from September 1967 to February 1968. He also had a short-lived singing career in 1969 releasing an album titled ''Sajid''. In the 1970s and early 1980s he appeared in several films and then quit acting in 1983.

Current activities

It is reported that Sajid had a factory in India which made costume jewellery. He is divorced and has a son, Sameer.

Filmography

Films

''Heat and Dust'' (1983) .... Dacoit Chief

''Dahshat'' (1981)

''Zindagi Aur Toofan'' (1975)

''Mahatma and the Mad Boy'' (1974) .... The Mad Boy

''Savera'' (1972)

''The Singing Filipina'' (1971)

''Maya'' (1966) ... Raji

''Son of India'' (1962)

''Mother India'' (1957) .... Young Birju (child artist)

TV appearances

''The Big Valley'' - The Royal Road (1969, 1 episode) .... Ranjit Singh

''Its Happening'' - (1968, 2 episodes) .... Himself

''Maya'' (1967–1968, 18 episodes) .... Raji

Discography

Singles

(Numbers in parentheses indicate ''Billboard'' Singles Chart peak positions)

"Getting To Know You" (#108) / "Ha Ram" -- Colgems 1026 (1968)

"Dream" (#119) / "Someday" -- Colgems 1034 (1969)

Albums

Sajid—Colgems COS-114 (1969)

External links

Category:Indian actors Category:Indian television actors Category:1951 births Category:Living people

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