__NOTOC__ Year 1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. It is also the index year, or year 0, that scientists use for before present figures.

Events

January

January 1 – The International Police Association (IPA) – the largest police organization in the world – is formed.

January 5 – U.S. Senator Estes Kefauver introduces a resolution calling for an investigation of organized crime in the U.S.

January 6 – The United Kingdom recognizes the People's Republic of China; the Republic of China severs diplomatic relations with Britain in response.

January 7 – A fire consumes Mercy Hospital in Davenport, Iowa, killing 39 patients.

January 9 – The Israeli government recognizes the People's Republic of China.

January 11 – Huk guerrillas manhandle the town of Hermosa, Bataan in the Philippines.

January 12

* The British submarine ''Truculent'' collides with a Swedish oil tanker in the Thames Estuary and sinks; 64 die.

* Cold War: U.S. Secretary of State Dean Acheson delivers his 'Perimeter Speech', outlining the boundary of U.S. security guarantees.

January 13 – Finland forms diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China.

January 17 – Great Brinks Robbery: Eleven thieves steal more than $2 million from an armored car in Boston, Massachusetts.

January 21 – Accused communist spy Alger Hiss is convicted of perjury.

January 23 – The Knesset passes a resolution that states Jerusalem is the capital of Israel.

January 24 – Cold War: Klaus Fuchs, German émigré and physicist, walks into London's War Office and confesses to being a Soviet spy: for 7 years, he passed top secret data on U.S. and British nuclear weapons research to the Soviet Union; formally charged February 2.

January 26 – India promulgates its constitution, forming a republic, and Rajendra Prasad is sworn in as its first president.

January 28 – Somaliland is put under Italian mandate.

January 29 – Lord Balfour criticizes the fact that rationing is still in force in Britain.

January 31

President Harry S. Truman orders the development of the hydrogen bomb, in response to the detonation of the Soviet Union's first atomic bomb in 1949.

* The last Kuomintang troops surrender in mainland China.

February

February 1 – Chiang Kai-shek is re-elected as a president of the Republic of China.

February 4 – Ingrid Bergman's illegitimate child arouses ire in the U.S.

February 6 – First Cabinet Secretary N.R.Pillai appointed in India.

February 8 – Payment first made by Diners Club card, in New York, first use of a charge card.

February 9 – Second Red Scare: In his speech to the Republican Women's Club at the McClure Hotel in Wheeling, West Virginia, Senator Joseph McCarthy accuses the United States Department of State of being filled with 205 Communists.

February 11

* Two Viet Minh battalions attack a French base in French Indochina.

* Finland recognizes Indonesia.

February 12

* Pro-communist riots erupt in Paris.

* The European Broadcasting Union is founded.

* Albert Einstein warns that nuclear war could lead to mutual destruction.

February 13

* The U.S. Army begins to deploy anti-aircraft cannons to protect nuclear stations and military targets.

The U.S. Air Force loses a Convair B-36 bomber that carried an Mk-4 atomic bomb off the west coast of Canada, and produces the world's first Broken Arrow.

February 14 – Cold War:

* The Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China sign a mutual defense treaty.

In an election speech at Edinburgh, Winston Churchill proposes "a parley at the summit" with Soviet leaders, first use of term "summit" for such a meeting.

February 15

* Juho Kusti Paasikivi is re-elected president of Finland.

* Walt Disney releases his 12th animated film, ''Cinderella'' in Hollywood.

February 19 – Konrad Adenauer tries unsuccessfully to negotiate with East Germany to begin unification.

February 21 – Cunard liner RMS Aquitania arrives at the scrapyard in Faslane at the end of a 36 year career, the longest of any in the 20th Century.

February 23 – United Kingdom general election, 1950 : The Labour Party, led by Clement Attlee remains in office but the Tories, led by Winston Churchill increase their seats in the House of Commons.

March

March 1

* Klaus Fuchs is convicted in London of spying against both Britain and the United States for the Soviet Union, by giving to the latter top secret atomic bomb data.

* Acting Chinese President Li Tsung-jen ends his term in office.

* Chiang Kai-shek resumes his duties as Chinese president after moving his government to Taipei, Taiwan.

March 3 – Poland states that it intends to exile all Germans.

March 8

* The Soviet Union claims to have an atomic bomb.

* The first Volkswagen Type 2 (also known as the Microbus) rolls off the assembly line in Wolfsburg, Germany.

March 12 – A plane carrying returning rugby fans from Ireland to Wales crashes near Llandow, with the loss of 80 lives.

March 12–March 13 – In Belgium, the referendum over the monarchy shows 57.7% support the return of King Léopold III, 42.3% against.

March 14 – The ship ''Cygnet'' hits a mine off the Dutch coast.

March 17 – University of California, Berkeley researchers announce the creation of element 98, which they have named "californium".

March 18 – The Belgian government collapses as a referendum votes in favour of the return from exile of King Léopold III of Belgium.

March 20 – The Polish government decides to confiscate the property of the Polish Catholic Church.

March 22 – Egypt demands that Britain remove all its troops in the Suez Canal.

March 23

* The 22nd Academy Awards ceremony is held.

* World Meteorological Organization (WMO)

April

April 14

* Influential British comic ''Eagle'' is launched

* NSC-68 is issued by the United States National Security Council

April 15 – Belgian King Leopold III announces that he is ready to abdicate in favor of his son Baudouin.

April 24 – Jordan formally annexes the West Bank.

April 27

* Apartheid: In South Africa, the Group Areas Act is passed, formally segregating the races.

* Britain formally recognises Israel.

May

May 1 – UNRWA operations begin.

May 6

* The town of Cazin (Bosnia) rises up against Communist agrarian reforms.

* Tollund Man is unearthed in Denmark.

May 9

* Robert Schuman presents his proposal for the creation of a pan-European organisation, which he believes to be indispensable to the maintenance of permanently peaceful relations between the different nations of the continent. This proposal, known as the "Schuman declaration", is considered to be the beginning of the creation of what is now the European Union.

* L. Ron Hubbard publishes ''Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health''.

May 11 – The Kefauver Committee hearings into U.S. organized crime begin.

May 13 – The first race in the inaugural FIA Formula One World Championship is held at Silverstone, England.

May 14 – The Huntsville Times runs the headline, "''Dr. von Braun Says Rocket Flights Possible to Moon.''"

May 22

* Celal Bayar becomes the third president of Turkey.

* Adnan Menderes of DP forms the new government of Turkey (19th government)

May 24 – Maritime Administration (under Department of Commerce).

May 25 – The Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel is formally opened to traffic.

May 29 – ''St. Roch'', the first ship to circumnavigate North America, arrives in Halifax, Nova Scotia.

June

June 1–June 23 – Mauna Loa in Hawaii starts erupting.

June 3 – Annapurna I, 10th highest mountain in the world, is first ascended.

June 6 – Turkey: The Adhan in Arabic is legalized.

June 8 – Sir Thomas Blamey becomes the only Field Marshal in Australian history.

June 25 – Korean War: North Korean troops cross the 38th parallel into South Korea.

June 26 – The South African Parliament passes the Suppression of Communism Act, No. 44 of 1950.

June 27 – Korean War: U.S. President Harry S. Truman orders American military forces to aid in the defense of South Korea.

June 28 – Korean War: North Korean forces capture Seoul.

June 28 – Korean War: Hangang Bridge bombing.

June 29 – United States defeats England 1–0 in the 1950 FIFA World Cup.

July

July 16 – Uruguay beat Brazil 2–1 to win the 1950 World Cup.

July 17 – The Suppression of Communism Act, passed on June 26, comes into force in South Africa.

August

August 5

* Florence Chadwick swims across the English Channel in 13 hours, 22 minutes.

* A bomb-laden B-29 Superfortress crashes into a residential area in California; 17 are killed, 68 injured.

August 6 – Monarchist demonstrations lead to a riot in Brussels.

August 8 – Winston Churchill supports idea of a pan-European army allied with Canada and the U.S.

August 12 – In his encyclical ''Humani Generis'', Pope Pius XII declares evolution to be a serious hypothesis that did not contradict essential Catholic teachings.

August 15 – An earthquake and floods in Assam, India kill 574 and leave 5,000,000 homeless.

August 22 – The Immaculate Heart of Mary Seminary is founded in Tagbilaran City, Philippines.

August 23 – Legendary singer-actor Paul Robeson, whose passport had recently been revoked because of his alleged Communist affiliations, meets with U.S. officials in an effort to get it reinstated. He is unsuccessful, and it is not reinstated until 1958.

September

September 4

* Darlington Raceway is the site of the inaugural Southern 500, the first 500-mile NASCAR race.

* The comic strip ''Beetle Bailey'' is created by Mort Walker.

September 7

* A coal mine collapse in New Cumnock, Scotland, kills 13 miners; 116 are rescued.

* The game show ''Truth or Consequences'' debuts on television.

September 8 – The Defense Production Act is enacted into law in the U.S., shaping American military contracting for the next 60 years.

September 9 – The U.S. state of California celebrates its centennial anniversary.

September 12 – Communist riots erupt in Berlin.

September 15 – Korean War – Battle of Inchon: Allied troops commanded by Douglas MacArthur land in Inchon, occupied by North Korea, to begin a U.N. counteroffensive.

September 19 – West Germany decides to purge communist officials.

September 22 – World Dance Council inaugurated.

September 26 – Indonesia is admitted to the United Nations.

September 30 – NSC-68 is enacted by President Truman, setting U.S. foreign policy for the next 20 years.

October

October 2 – The comic strip ''Peanuts'' by Charles M. Schulz is first published in seven U.S. newspapers.

October 3 – Getúlio Dornelles Vargas is elected president of Brazil for a 5-year term.

October 5 – The Indonesian government quells riots in the Moluccas.

October 7

* The 1950-1951 invasion of Tibet by People's Republic of China begins.

* The Agate Pass Bridge opens for traffic in Washington State.

October 9 – Goyang Geumjeong Cave Massacre started.

October 11 – The Federal Communications Commission issues the first license to broadcast television in color, to CBS (RCA will successfully dispute and block the license from taking effect, however).

October 15

* The second Tacoma Narrows Bridge opens.

* In East Germany, the Communists win 99.7% of the vote.

October 19 – Korean War: The People's Republic of China enters the conflict by sending thousands of soldiers across the Yalu River

October 20 – Australia passes the Communist Party Dissolution Act, which is later struck down by the High Court.

October 28 – Torcida Split is founded.

October 30 – The Jayuya Uprising is started by Puerto Rican Nationalists against the United States.

November

November 1

Pope Pius XII witnesses "The Miracle of the Sun" at the Vatican and defines a new dogma of Roman Catholicism, the Munificentissimus Deus, which says that God took Mary's body into Heaven after her death (the "Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary").

* Puerto Rican nationalists Griselio Torresola and Oscar Collazo attempt to assassinate U.S. President Harry S. Truman, who is staying at the Blair-Lee House in Washington, D.C. during White House repairs.

November 4 – The United Nations ends the diplomatic isolation of Spain.

November 8 – Korean War: While in an F-80, United States Air Force Lt. Russell J. Brown intercepts 2 North Korean MiG-15s near the Yalu River and shoots them down in the first jet-to-jet dogfight in history.

November 10 – A U.S. Air Force B-50 Superfortress bomber, experiencing an in-flight emergency, jettisons and detonates a Mark 4 nuclear bomb over Quebec, Canada (the device lacked its plutonium core).

November 11 – The Mattachine Society is founded in Los Angeles as the first gay-liberation organization.

November 13

* Colonel Carlos Delgado Chalbaud is kidnapped and murdered in Caracas.

* A Curtiss Reid Flying Services plane crashes while enroute to Paris from Rome, killing all 52 on board.

November 18 – The United Nations accepts the formation of the Libyan National Council.

November 20 – T. S. Eliot speaks against television in the UK.

November 22

* Anti-British riots erupt in Egypt.

* Shirley Temple announces her retirement from show business.

November 24 – A phenomenal winter storm ravages the northeastern United States, brings 30 to 50 inches of snow, temperatures below zero, and kills 323 people.

November 26 – Korean War: Troops from the People's Republic of China and launched a massive counterattack against South Korean and United Nations forces at the Ch'ongch'on River and the Chosin Reservoir, dashing any hopes for a quick end to the conflict.

November 28

* Colombo Plan for Co-operative Economic Development in South and South-East Asia

* Greece and Yugoslavia reform diplomatic relations.

November 29 – The National Council of the Churches of Christ in the USA is founded.

November 30 – Douglas MacArthur threatens to use nuclear weapons in Korea.

December

December 3

* Korean War: General Walton Walker orders United Nations forces to evacuate North Korea.

* Mt. Etna erupts in Sicily.

December 11–December 13 – The Maria Hertogh riots occur in Singapore, leaving 18 dead and 173 injured.

December 12 – Paula Ackerman becomes the first woman in the United States to serve a congregation as a Rabbi.

December 16 – The Office of Defense Mobilization is established in the United States.

December 24–December 25 – Scottish nationalists take the Stone of Scone from Westminster Abbey.

December 28 – The Peak District becomes Britain's first National Park.

Date unknown

The first pagers are developed.

The first TV remote control, Zenith Radio's ''Lazy Bones'', is marketed.

Canadians Harry Wasylyk, Larry Hansen and Frank Plomp introduce the plastic bin bag for garbage collection.

Myxomatosis is introduced into Australia in an attempt to control the escalating rabbit population.

IBM Israel begins operating in Tel Aviv.

President Harry Truman sends United States military advisers to Vietnam to aid French forces.

France institutes a government-guaranteed minimum wage.

Knox's Translation of the Vulgate Old Testament (commissioned by the Catholic Church) is published.

World population

Total world population:

* Africa: 221,214,000

* Asia: 1,398,488,000

* Europe: 547,403,000

* Latin America: 167,097,000

* North America: 171,616,000

* Oceania: 12,812,000.

Births

January–February

January 2

* Débora Duarte, Brazilian actress

* David Shifrin, American classical clarinetist

January 3 – Victoria Principal, American actress

January 5

* John Manley, Canadian politician

* Charlie Richmond, Canadian entrepreneur and inventor

January 6

* Louis Freeh, former Director of the FBI

* Thomas J. Pickard, former Acting Director of the FBI

January 7

* Juan Gabriel (b. Alberto Aguilera Valadez), Mexican singer, songwriter and philanthropist

* Erin Gray, American actress

January 10 – Ernie Wasson, American gardener and writer

January 12

* Sheila Jackson-Lee, American politician

* Dorrit Moussaieff, First Lady of Iceland

January 14 – Jagadguru Rāmabhadrācārya, Hindu religious leader

January 16 – Debbie Allen, American actress, dancer, and choreographer

January 17

* Cristina Galbó, Spanish actress

* Luis López Nieves, Puerto Rican writer

January 18 – Gilles Villeneuve, Canadian race car driver (d. 1982)

January 20 – Edward Hirsch, American poet

January 21 – Billy Ocean, West Indian-born musician

January 23 – Richard Dean Anderson, American actor

January 24

* Gennifer Flowers, American actress, connected to US President Bill Clinton

* Benjamin Urrutia, Ecuadorian-born American author and scholar

January 26

* Jörg Haider, Austrian politician (d. 2008)

* Janet Lupo, American model

January 27

* Amos Grunebaum, Israeli-born obstetrician and gynecologist

* Derek Acorah, British spiritualist medium

January 29

* Jody Scheckter, South African race car driver

* Ann Jillian, American actress

January 30 – Trinidad Silva, American actor (d. 1988)

February 1 – Kazimierz Nycz, Polish clergyman

February 3 – Morgan Fairchild, American actress

February 6

* Natalie Cole, American singer

* Jane Gordon-Cumming, British writer

February 10 – Mark Spitz, American Olympic swimmer

February 12

* Michael Ironside, Canadian actor

* Steve Hackett, British songwriter and guitarist

February 13 – Peter Gabriel, British rock musician

February 15 – Tsui Hark, Hong Kong film director

February 16

* Roman Tam, Renowned Cantopop singer (d.2002)

* Peter Hain, British politician

February 18

* Cybill Shepherd, American actress

* John Hughes, American film director, producer, and writer (d. 2009)

February 20

* Ken Shimura, Japanese television performer and actor

* Tony Wilson, English impresario (d. 2007)

February 22

* Julius Erving, American basketball player

* Julie Walters, English actress

* Miou-Miou, French actress

* Ellen Greene, American actress

February 25

* Neil Jordan, Irish film director, writer, and producer

* Néstor Kirchner, President of Argentina (d. 2010)

February 26

* Helen Clark, Prime Minister of New Zealand

* Bill Ritter, American news anchor

March–April

March 2

* Karen Carpenter, American singer and drummer (d. 1983)

* Rosli Dhobi, famous Malay Sarawakian

March 4 – Rick Perry, Governor of Texas

March 9 – Danny Sullivan, American race car driver

March 11

* Bobby McFerrin, American singer

* Jerry Zucker, American film producer, director, and writer

March 12 – Javier Clemente, Spanish football player and manager

March 13 – William H. Macy, American actor

March 18 – Brad Dourif, American actor

March 20 – William Hurt, American actor

March 22 – Jocky Wilson, Scottish darts player

March 26

* Teddy Pendergrass, American singer (d. 2010)

* Martin Short, Canadian-born comedian

March 28

* Claudio Lolli, Italian singer-songwriter

* Jeffrey Miller, Kent State University shooting victim (d. 1970).

March 30

* Robbie Coltrane, British actor and comedian

* David Janson, British actor

April 1 – Samuel Alito, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court

April 4 – Christine Lahti, American actress

April 5

* Agnetha Fältskog, Swedish rock singer and songwriter (ABBA)

* Harpo, Swedish pop musician

April 8 – Grzegorz Lato, Polish footballer

April 10 – Ken Griffey, Sr., American baseball player

April 12 – David Cassidy, American actor and singer

April 13 – Ron Perlman, American actor

April 20 – Steve Erickson, American novelist

April 22 – Peter Frampton, English rock musician

April 25 – Lenora Fulani, American presidential candidate

April 28 – Jay Leno, American comedian and talk show host

April 29 – Paul Holmes, New Zealand radio and television broadcaster

May–June

May 5 – Googoosh, Iranian singer and actress

May 7 – Tim Russert, American journalist (d. 2008)

May 12 – Ching Hai, Formosan author, spiritual leader and jewellery designer

May 13

* Gabriel Byrne, Irish actor

* Bobby Valentine, American baseball manager

* Stevie Wonder, American musician

May 15 – Renate Stecher, German athlete

May 29 – Rebbie Jackson, American singer

May 31 – Gregory Harrison, American actor and director

June 3

* Deniece Williams, American singer

* Suzi Quatro, American singer-songwriter

June 5 – Abraham Sarmiento, Jr., Filipino journalist and political activist (d. 1977)

June 7 – Howard Finkel, American ring announcer

June 8 – Kathy Baker, American actress

June 13 – Belinda Bauer, Australian actress

June 14 – Rowan Williams, Archbishop of Canterbury

June 15 – Lakshmi Mittal, Indian industrialist

June 20 – Nouri Al-Maliki, Prime Minister of Iraq

June 21

* Vasilis Papakonstantinou, Greek singer and musician

* Joey Kramer, American musician

June 22 – Zenonas Petrauskas, Lithuanian lawyer and politician (d. 2009)

June 24 – Nancy Allen, American actress

June 25

*Nitza Saul, Israeli actress

*Marcello Toninelli, Italian writer

June 30 – Leonard Whiting, British actor

July–August

July 5 – Huey Lewis, American rock singer

July 9 – Victor Yanukovych, President of Ukraine

July 11 – Pervez Hoodbhoy, Pakistani Nuclear physicist and social activist

July 12 – Eric Carr, Former Kiss drummer and musician (d. 1991)

July 13 – Ma Ying-jeou, current President of the Republic of China (Taiwan)

July 18

* Sir Richard Branson, British entrepreneur

* Glenn Hughes, American vocalist (d. 2001)

July 19

* Per-Kristian Foss, Norwegian Minister of Finance

* Freddy Moore, American musician

* Simon Cadell, British actor (d. 1996)

July 20 – William Knox Schroeder, Kent State University shooting victim (d. 1970).

July 26 – Susan George, British actress

July 27 – Simon Jones, English actor

August 1

* Roy Williams, American basketball coach

* Bunkhouse Buck, American professional wrestler

August 3 – Jo Marie Payton, American actress

August 7 – Alan Keyes, American conservative political activist

August 8 – Ken Kutaragi, ex-C.E.O of Sony Computer Entertainment

August 9 – Nicole Tourneur French novelist (d. 2011)

August 11

* Gennadiy Nikonov, Russian weapon designer

* Erik Brann, American musician (Iron Butterfly) (d. 2003)

August 15

* Anne, Princess Royal, British Princess and daughter of Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh

* Neil J. Gunther Australian/American physicist and computer scientist

* Tom Kelly American baseball manager

August 16

* Hasely Crawford, West Indian athlete

* Marshall Manesh, Persian actor

August 19 – Sudha Murty, Indian social worker and Author

August 22 – Scooter Libby, American former adviser to Vice President Dick Cheney

August 26 – Carl Deuker, American author

August 27 – Charles Fleischer, American actor, stand-up comedian, and voice artist

September–October

September 1

* Dr. Phil McGraw, American TV psychologist

* Mikhail Fradkov, Russian politician, Prime Minister of Russia (2004–2007)

September 2

* Rosanna DeSoto, American actress

* Yuen Wah, Hong Kong actor

September 7

* Julie Kavner, American actress

* Johann Friedrich Hohenberger, German-Australian engineer and conman

September 10 – Joe Perry, American rock guitarist (Aerosmith)

September 14

* Paul Kossoff, British rock guitarist (Free) (d. 1976)

* Masami Kuwashima, Japanese race car driver

September 16 – Loyd Grossman, American television presenter and chef

September 17 – Narendra Modi, Chief Minister of Gujarat

September 21

* Charles Clarke, British politician

* Bill Murray, American actor and comedian

September 22 – Kirka Babitzin, Finnish singer (d. 2007)

September 24 – Kristina Wayborn, Swedish actress

September 27 – Cary-Hiroyuki Tagawa, Japanese actor

September 28 – John Sayles, American director and screenwriter

October 1 – Randy Quaid, American actor

October 3 – Pamela Hensley, American actress

October 5 – Jeff Conaway, American actor (d. 2011)

October 7 – Jakaya Kikwete, Tanzanian president

October 9 – Jody Williams, American teacher and aid worker, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize

October 10 – Nora Roberts, American novelist

October 12

* Edward Bloor, American novelist

* Kaga Takeshi, Japanese actor

October 17

* Dean Shek, Hong Kong actor

* Howard Rollins, American actor (d. 1996)

October 18 – Wendy Wasserstein, American playwright (d. 2006)

October 19 – Bishop Bill Ray, 10th Bishop of North Queensland

October 20 – Tom Petty, American rock singer

October 22 – Bill Owens, Governor of Colorado

October 28 – Sihem Bensedrine, Tunisian human rights activist

October 29 – Abdullah Gül, 11th President of Turkey

October 30 – Louise DuArt, American comedienne and impersonator

October 31

* John Candy, Canadian comedian and actor (d. 1994)

* Jane Pauley, American television broadcaster and journalist

November–December

November 1 – Robert B. Laughlin, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate

November 3 – Massimo Mongai, Italian author

November 4 – Charles Frazier, American novelist

November 6 – Kenny Marks, American Christian musician

November 8 – Joseph Donaldson, Belfast citizen and much-loved uncle

November 9 – Maravillas Rojo, Catalan politician

November 10

* Debra Hill, American producer (d. 2005)

* Bob Orton, Jr., American professional wrestler

November 13 – Mary Lou Metzger, American singer and dancer

November 16 – David Leisure, American actor

November 17 – Roland Matthes, German swimmer

November 21 – Alberto Juantorena, Cuban athlete

November 22 – Lyman Bostock, American baseball player (d. 1978)

November 24 – Stanley Livingston, American actor (''My Three Sons'')

November 28

* Russell Alan Hulse, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate

* Ed Harris, American actor

December 1 – Keith Thibodeaux, American child actor

December 2

* Paul Watson, founder of the Sea Shepherd on Whale Wars.

* Amin Saikal, Australian academic professor

* Benjamin Stora, French historian

December 5 – Camarón de la Isla, Spanish singer (d. 1992)

December 9 – Joan Armatrading, St. Kitts-born English singer-songwriter

December 10 – Tom Towles, American actor

December 13 – Wendie Malick, American actress

December 16 – Roy Schuiten, Dutch cyclist (d. 2006)

December 17 – Laurence F. Johnson, American futurist and educator

December 18 – Leonard Maltin, American film critic

December 19 – Manny Trillo, Venezuelan-born American baseball player

December 23

* Michael C. Burgess, American politician

* Vicente del Bosque, Spanish footballer and manager

December 28 – Alex Chilton, American rock musician (The Box Tops) (d. 2010)

Date unknown

Lena Ackebo, Swedish comic creator

Deaths

January–March

January 2 – Emil Jannings, Swiss-born German actor (b. 1884)

January 7 – Monty Banks, Italian comedian and director (b. 1897)

January 8 – Joseph Schumpeter, Czech economist and political scientist (b. 1883)

January 15 – Henry H. Arnold, American five-star general (b. 1886)

January 17 – Seiichi Hatano, Japanese philosopher (b. 1877)

January 20 – Ray Duggan, Australian-English speedway rider (b. 1913)

January 21 – George Orwell, English author (b. 1903)

January 22 – Alan Hale, Sr., American actor (b. 1892)

February 3 – Sir Lionel Cripps, Rhodesian politician (b. 1863)

February 6 – Georges Imbert, Alsatian chemist (b. 1884)

February 7 – D. K. Broster, British historical novelist (b. 1877)

February 13 – Rafael Sabatini, Italian writer (b. 1875)

February 16 – Mile-a-Minute Murphy, American cyclist (b. 1870)

February 25 – George Minot, American physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1885)

February 26 – Harry Lauder, Scottish entertainer (b. 1870)

March 5

* Edgar Lee Masters, American poet (b. 1868)

* Sid Grauman, American restaurateur (b. 1895)

March 6

* Albert Lebrun, President of France (b. 1871)

* Harry Redfern, English architect (b. 1861)

March 10 – Marguerite De La Motte, American actress (b. 1902)

March 11 – Brock Pemberton, American theatrical producer (b. 1885)

March 12 – Heinrich Mann, German novelist (b. 1871)

March 19

* Walter Haworth, British chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1883)

* Edgar Rice Burroughs, American author (b. 1875)

March 24 – James Rudolph Garfield, American politician (b. 1865)

March 25 – Frank Buck, American animal collector (b. 1884)

March 30

* Léon Blum, French statesman and Prime Minister (b. 1872)

* Joe Yule, Scottish-born comedian (b. 1894)

April–June

April 1 – F.O. Matthiessen, American historian and literary critic (b. 1902)

April 2 – Recep Peker, ex prime minister of Turkey (b. 1889)

April 3 – Kurt Weill, German-born composer (b. 1900)

April 7 – Walter Huston, American actor (b. 1884)

April 8 – Vaslav Nijinsky, Russian ballet dancer and choreographer (b. 1889)

April 11 – Bainbridge Colby, United States Secretary of State (b. 1869)

April 26 – G. Murray Hulbert, American politician (b. 1881)

April 27

* Hobart Cavanaugh, American character actor (b. 1886)

* Karel Kozeluh, Czech tennis player (b. 1895)

May 1 – Lothrop Stoddard, American eugenicist (b. 1883)

May 9 – Esteban Terradas i Illa, Catalan mathematician, scientist, and engineer (b. 1883)

May 10 – Belle da Costa Greene, American librarian, bibliographer, and archivist (b. 1883)

May 20 – John Gould Fletcher, American poet (b. 1886)

May 24 – Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell, British field marshal (b. 1883)

June 4

* Kazys Grinius, President of Lithuania (b. 1866).

* George Cecil Ives, German-English poet, writer, penal reformer and early gay-rights campaigner. (b.1867)

June 22 – Jane Cowl, American actress (b. 1883)

June 24 – Darwan Singh Negi, Indian VC recipient (b. 1881)

July–September

July 7 – Fats Navarro, American jazz trumpet player (b. 1923)

July 8 – Helen Holmes, American actress (b. 1893)

July 10 – Richard Maury, American naturalized Argentine engineer (b. 1882)

July 11 – Buddy DeSylva, American songwriter (b. 1895)

July 12 – Elsie de Wolfe, American socialite and interior decorator (b. 1865)

July 17 – Evangeline Booth, General of The Salvation Army (b. 1865)

July 21 – Rex Ingram, American director (b. 1892)

July 22 – William Lyon Mackenzie King, Canadian politician (b. 1874)

August – Black Elk, Wičháša Wakȟáŋ (Medicine Man or Holy Man) of the Ogala Teton Lakota (Western Sioux) (b. 1863)

August 22 – Kirk Bryan, American geologist (b. 1888)

August 23 – Frank Phillips, American oil executive (b. 1873)

August 26 – Ransom E. Olds, American automotive pioneer (b. 1864)

August 27 – Cesare Pavese, Italian poet and novelist (b. 1908)

September 4 – Max Davidson, German actor (b. 1875)

September 6 – Olaf Stapledon, British author and philosopher (b. 1886)

September 10 – Raymond Sommer, American race car driver (b. 1906)

September 11

* Rudolph Palm, Curaçao born composer (b. 1880)

* Jan Smuts, Prime Minister of South Africa (b. 1870)

September 13 – Sara Allgood, Irish actress (b. 1879)

September 16 – Pedro de Cordoba, American actor (b. 1881)

September 21 – Edward Arthur Milne, British astrophysicist and mathematician (b. 1896)

September 23 – Kenneth Muir, English soldier and posthumous winner of the Victoria Cross (b.1912)

October–December

October 11 – Pauline Lord, American actress (b. 1890)

October 13 – Ernest Haycox, American writer (b. 1899)

October 19

* Charles Ballantyne, Canadian politician (b. 1867)

* Edna St. Vincent Millay, American poet (b. 1892)

October 20 – Henry L. Stimson, United States Secretary of State (b. 1867)

October 23 – Al Jolson, American musician and actor (b. 1886)

October 28 – Maurice Costello, American actor (b. 1877)

October 29 – King Gustaf V of Sweden (b. 1858)

November 2 – George Bernard Shaw, Irish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1856)

November 3 – Koiso Kuniaki, Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1880)

November 4 – Grover Cleveland Alexander, American baseball player (b. 1887)

November 12 – Julia Marlowe, stage actress, (b. 1866)

November 25

* Johannes Vilhelm Jensen, Danish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1873)

* Gustaf John Ramstedt, Finland-Swedish linguist and diplomat (b. 1873)

November 28 – James Corbitt, English murderer (hanged) (b. 1913)

November 30 – Werner Haase, Hitler's personal physician (b. 1900)

December 2 – Dinu Lipatti, Romanian pianist (b. 1917)

December 5 – Sri Aurobindo, Indian guru (b. 1872)

December 11 – Leslie Comrie, New Zealand astronomer and computing pioneer (b. 1893)

December 12 – Peter Fraser, former Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1884)

December 15 – Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Indian political leader (b. 1875)

December 27 – Max Beckmann, German painter (b. 1884)

Nobel Prizes

Physics – Cecil Frank Powell

Chemistry – Otto Paul Hermann Diels, Kurt Alder

Medicine – Edward Calvin Kendall, Tadeus Reichstein, Philip Showalter Hench

Literature – Earl (Bertrand Arthur William) Russell

Peace – Ralph Bunche

References

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name	Bettie Page
issue	January 1955
birth name	Betty Mae Page
birth place	Nashville, Tennessee, USA
birth date	April 22, 1923
death date	December 11, 2008
death place	Los Angeles, California, USA
bust	36"
waist	23"
hips	36½"
height
preceded	Terry Ryan
succeeded	Jayne Mansfield
website	}}

Bettie Mae Page (April 22, 1923 Nashville, Tennessee – December 11, 2008) was an American model who became famous in the 1950s for her fetish modeling and pin-up photos. She has often been called the "Queen of Pinups". Her look, including her jet black hair, blue eyes and trademark bangs, has influenced many artists.

She was "Miss January 1955", one of the earliest Playmates of the Month for ''Playboy'' magazine. "I think that she was a remarkable lady, an iconic figure in pop culture who influenced sexuality, taste in fashion, someone who had a tremendous impact on our society," ''Playboy'' founder Hugh Hefner told the Associated Press.

In 1959, she converted to born-again Christianity, and later worked for Billy Graham. Her later life was marked by depression, violent mood swings and several years in a state psychiatric hospital. After years of obscurity, she experienced a resurgence of popularity in the 1980s.

Early life

Page was the second of six children born to Walter Roy Page and Edna Mae Pirtle. At a young age, Page had to face the responsibilities of caring for her younger siblings. Her parents divorced when she was 10 years old. (In the 1930 Census, a few weeks before Bettie's 7th birthday, her mother Edna Pirtle Page was already listed as being divorced. After her father, whom Page would accuse of molesting her starting at age 13, was imprisoned, Page and her two sisters lived in an orphanage for a year. During this time, Page's mother worked two jobs, one as a hairdresser during the day and washing laundry at night.

As a teenager, Page and her sisters tried different makeup styles and hairdos imitating their favorite movie stars. She also learned to sew. These skills proved useful years later for her pin-up photography when Page did her own makeup and hair and made her own bikinis and costumes. During her early years, the Page family traveled around the country in search of economic stability.

A good student and debate team member at Hume-Fogg High School, she was voted "Most Likely to Succeed". On June 6, 1940, Page graduated as the salutatorian of her high school class with a scholarship. She enrolled at George Peabody College, with the intention of becoming a teacher. However, the next fall she began studying acting, hoping to become a movie star. At the same time, she got her first job, typing for author Alfred Leland Crabb. Page graduated from Peabody with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1944.

In 1943, she married high school classmate Billy Neal in a simple courthouse ceremony shortly before he was drafted into the Navy for World War II. For the next few years, she moved from San Francisco to Nashville to Miami and to Port-au-Prince, Haiti, where she felt a special affinity with the country and its culture. In November 1947, back in the United States, she filed for divorce.

Modeling career

Following her divorce, Page worked briefly in San Francisco, and in Haiti. In 1949, she moved to New York City, where she hoped to find work as an actress. In the meantime, she supported herself by working as a secretary. In 1950, while walking along the Coney Island shore, she met Jerry Tibbs, a police officer with an interest in photography. She was a willing model, and Tibbs took pictures of her and put together her first pinup portfolio.

In late-1940s America, "camera clubs" were formed to circumvent laws restricting the production of nude photos. These clubs existed, ostensibly, to promote artistic photography; but in reality, many were merely fronts for the making of pornography. Page entered the field of "glamour photography" as a popular camera club model, working initially with photographer Cass Carr. Her lack of inhibition in posing made her a hit. Her name and image became quickly known in the erotic photography industry; in 1951, her image appeared in men's magazines such as ''Wink'', ''Titter'', ''Eyefull'' and ''Beauty Parade.''

From 1952 through 1957, she posed for photographer Irving Klaw for mail-order photographs with pin-up, bondage or sadomasochistic themes, making her the first famous bondage model. Klaw also used Page in dozens of short, black-and-white 8mm and 16mm "specialty" films, which catered to specific requests from his clientele. These silent featurettes showed women clad in lingerie and high heels, acting out fetishistic scenarios of abduction, domination, and slave-training; bondage, spanking, and elaborate leather costumes and restraints were included periodically. Page alternated between playing a stern dominatrix, and a helpless victim bound hand and foot. Klaw also produced a line of still photos taken during these sessions. Some have become iconic images, such as his highest-selling photo of Page—shown gagged and bound in a web of ropes, from the film ''Leopard Bikini Bound''. Although these "underground" features had the same crude style and clandestine distribution as the pornographic "stag" films of the time, Klaw's all-female films (and still photos) never featured any nudity or explicit sexual content.

In 1953, Page took acting classes at the Herbert Berghof Studio, which led to several roles on stage and television. She appeared on ''The United States Steel Hour'' and ''The Jackie Gleason Show''. Her Off-Broadway productions included ''Time is a Thief'' and ''Sunday Costs Five Pesos.'' Page acted and danced in the feature-length burlesque revue film ''Striporama'' by Jerald Intrator. She was given a brief speaking role, the only time her voice has been captured on film. She then appeared in two more burlesque films by Irving Klaw (''Teaserama'' and ''Varietease''). These featured exotic dance routines and vignettes by Page and well-known striptease artists Lili St. Cyr and Tempest Storm. All three films were mildly risque, but none showed any nudity or overtly sexual content.

In 1954, during one of her annual vacations to Miami, Florida, Page met photographers Jan Caldwell, H. W. Hannau and Bunny Yeager. At that time, Page was the top pin-up model in New York. Yeager, a former model and aspiring photographer, signed Page for a photo session at the now-closed wildlife park Africa USA in Boca Raton, Florida. The ''Jungle Bettie'' photographs from this shoot are among her most celebrated. They include nude shots with a pair of cheetahs named Mojah and Mbili. The leopard skin patterned ''Jungle Girl'' outfit she wore was made, along with much of her lingerie, by Page herself. A large collection of the Yeager photos, and Klaw's, were published in the book ''Bettie Page Confidential'' (St. Martin's Press, 1994).

After Yeager sent shots of Page to ''Playboy'' founder Hugh Hefner, he selected one to use as the Playmate of the Month centerfold in the January 1955 issue of the two-year-old magazine. The famous photo shows Page, wearing only a Santa hat, kneeling before a Christmas tree holding an ornament and playfully winking at the camera.

In 1955, Page won the title "Miss Pinup Girl of the World". She also became known as "The Queen of Curves" and "The Dark Angel". While pin-up and glamour models frequently have careers measured in months, Page was in demand for several years, continuing to model until 1957. Although she frequently posed nude, she never appeared in scenes with explicit sexual content.

In 1957, Page gave "expert guidance" to the FBI regarding the production of "flagellation and bondage pictures" in Harlem.

The reasons reported for her departure from modeling vary. Some reports mention the ''Kefauver Hearings'' of the United States Senate Special Committee to Investigate Crime in Interstate Commerce (after a young man apparently died during a session of bondage which was rumored to be inspired by bondage images featuring Page). In fact, the Senate committee called her to testify to explain the photos in which she appeared, but then excused her from testifying; however, the print negatives of many of her photos were subsequently destroyed by court order, which ended Klaw's bondage and S&M; mail-order photography business. For many years after, the negatives that survived were illegal to print. However, the most obvious reason for ending her modeling career and severing all contact with her prior life was her conversion to born-again Christianity while living in Key West, Florida. in 1959.

Years out of the spotlight

Photographer Sam Menning was the last person to photograph a pin-up of Page before her retirement.

On New Year's Eve 1958, during one of her regular visits to Key West, Florida Page attended a service at what is now the Key West Temple Baptist Church. She found herself drawn to the multiracial environment and started to attend on a regular basis. She would in time attend three bible colleges, including the Bible Institute of Los Angeles, Multnomah School of the Bible in Portland, Oregon and, briefly, a Christian retreat known as "Bibletown", part of the Boca Raton Community Church, Boca Raton, Florida.

She dated industrial designer Richard Arbib in the 1950s. She then married Armond Walterson in 1958; they divorced in 1963.

During the 1960s, she attempted to become a Christian missionary in Africa, but was rejected for having had a divorce. Over the next few years she worked for various Christian organizations before settling in Nashville in 1963. She worked full time for Rev. Billy Graham.

She briefly remarried Billy Neal, her first husband, who helped her to gain entrance into missionary work; however, the two divorced again shortly thereafter. She returned to Florida in 1967, and married again, to Harry Lear, but this marriage also ended in divorce in 1972.

She moved to Southern California in 1979. There she had a nervous breakdown and had an altercation with her landlady. The doctors that examined her diagnosed her with acute schizophrenia, and she spent 20 months in a state mental hospital in San Bernardino, California. After a fight with another landlord she was arrested for assault, but was found not guilty by reason of insanity and placed under state supervision for eight years. She was released in 1992 from Patton State Hospital in San Bernardino County.

A cult following was built around her during the 1980s, of which she was unaware. This renewed attention was focused on her pinup and lingerie modeling rather than those depicting sexual fetishes or bondage, and she gained a certain public redemption and popular status as an icon of erotica from a bygone era. This attention also raised the question among her new fans of what happened to her after the 1950s. The 1990s edition of the popular ''Book of Lists'' included Page in a list of once-famous celebrities who had seemingly vanished from the public eye.

Revival

In 1976, Eros Publishing Co. published ''A Nostalgic Look at Bettie Page'', a mixture of photos from the 1950s. Between 1978 and 1980, Belier Press published four volumes of ''Betty Page: Private Peeks'', reprinting pictures from the private camera club sessions, which reintroduced Page to a new but small cult following. In 1983, London Enterprises released ''In Praise of Bettie Page — A Nostalgic Collector's Item'', reprinting camera club photos and an old cat fight photo shoot.

In the early 1980s, comic book artist Dave Stevens based the female love interest of his hero Cliff Secord (alias "The Rocketeer") on Page. In 1987, Greg Theakston started a fanzine called ''The Betty Pages'' and recounted tales of her life, particularly the camera club days. For the next seven years, the magazine sparked a worldwide interest in Page. Women dyed their hair and cut it into bangs in an attempt to emulate the "Dark Angel". The media caught wind of the phenomenon and wrote numerous articles about her, more often than not with Theakston's help. Since almost all of her photos were in the public domain, opportunists launched related products and cashed in on the burgeoning craze.

In a 1993 telephone interview with ''Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous'' Page told host Robin Leach that she had been unaware of the resurgence of her popularity, stating that she was "penniless and infamous". ''Entertainment Tonight'' produced a segment on her. Page, who was living in a group home in Los Angeles, was astounded when she saw the ''E.T.'' piece, having had no idea that she had suddenly become famous again. Greg Theakston contacted her and extensively interviewed her for ''The Betty Page Annuals'' V.2.

Shortly after, Page signed with Chicago-based agent James Swanson. Three years later, nearly penniless and failing to receive any royalties, Page fired Swanson and signed with Curtis Management Group, a company which also represented the James Dean and Marilyn Monroe estates. She then began collecting payments which ensured her financial security.

After Jim Silke made a large format comic featuring her likeness, Dark Horse Comics published a comic based on her fictional adventures in the 1990s. Eros Comics published several Bettie Page titles, the most popular being the tongue-in-cheek ''Tor Love Bettie'' which suggested a romance between Page and wrestler-turned-Ed Wood film actor, Tor Johnson.

The question of what Page did in the obscure years after modeling was answered in part with the publication of an official biography in 1996, ''Bettie Page: The Life of a Pin-up Legend.'' That year, Bettie Page granted an exclusive one-on-one TV interview to entertainment reporter Tim Estiloz for a short-lived NBC morning magazine program ''Real Life'' to help publicize the book. The interview featured her reminiscing about her career and relating anecdotes about her personal life, as well as photos from her personal collection. At Page's request, her face was not shown. The interview was broadcast only once.

Another biography, ''The Real Bettie Page: The Truth about the Queen of Pinups'' written by Richard Foster and published in 1997, told a less happy tale. Foster's book immediately provoked attacks from her fans, including Hefner and Harlan Ellison, as well as a statement from Page that it was "full of lies," because they were not pleased that the book revealed a Los Angeles County Sheriff's police report that stated that she suffered from paranoid schizophrenia and, at age 56, had stabbed her elderly landlords on the afternoon of April 19, 1979 in an unprovoked attack during a fit of insanity. However, Steve Brewster, founder of The Bettie Scouts of America fan club, has stated that it is not as unsympathetic as the book's reputation makes it to be. Brewster adds that he also read the chapter about her business dealings with Swanson, and stated that Page was pleased with that part of her story.

In 1997, ''E! True Hollywood Story'' aired a feature on Page entitled, ''Bettie Page: From Pinup to Sex Queen''.

In a late-1990s interview, Page stated she would not allow any current pictures of her to be shown because of concerns about her weight. However, in 1997, Page changed her mind and agreed to a rare television interview for the aforementioned ''E! True Hollywood Story''/Page special on the condition that the location of the interview and her face not be revealed (she was shown with her face and dress electronically blacked out). In 2003, Page allowed a publicity picture to be taken of her for the August 2003 edition of ''Playboy''. In 2006, the ''Los Angeles Times'' ran an article headlined ''A Golden Age for a Pinup'', covering an autographing session at her current publicity company, CMG Worldwide. Once again, she declined to be photographed, saying that she would rather be remembered as she was.

In a 1998 interview with ''Playboy'', she commented on her career:

Within the last few years, she had hired a law firm to help her recoup some of the profits being made with her likeness. According to MTV: "Katy Perry's rocker bangs and throwback skimpy jumpers. Madonna's '' Sex'' book and fascination with bondage gear. Rihanna's obsession with all things leather, lace and second-skin binding. Uma Thurman in ''Pulp Fiction''. The SuicideGirls Web site. The Pussycat Dolls. The entire career of Marilyn Manson's ex-wife Dita Von Teese" would not have been possible without Page. Many rockabilly and gothic girls emulate Bettie's hairstyle with the black blunt bangs. You can see Bettie's hairstyle and timeless facial features emulated in many modern pin-up models, such as Bernie Dexter and Masuimi Max.

Death

According to long-time friend and business agent Mark Roesler, on December 6, 2008, Bettie Page was hospitalized in critical condition. Roesler was quoted by the Associated Press as saying Page had suffered a heart attack and by Los Angeles television station KNBC as claiming Page was suffering from pneumonia. A family friend said Page was in a coma, a claim not denied by Roesler. Her family eventually agreed to discontinue life support, and she died at 18:41 PST on December 11, 2008.

She is buried at Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery. Her headstone lists her name as "Bettie Mae Page" and includes the legend "Queen of the Pin-Ups".

Films

Filmography

''Striporama'' (1953)

''Varietease'' (1954)

''Teaserama'' (1955)

''Irving Klaw Bondage Classics, Volume I'' (London Enterprises, 1984)

''Irving Klaw Bondage Classics, Volume II'' (London Enterprises, 1984)

''Bettie Page: Pin Up Queen'' (Cult Epics, 2005)

''Bettie Page: Bondage Queen'' (Cult Epics, 2005)

''100 Girls by Bunny Yeager'' (Cult Epics, 2005)

''Bizarro Sex Loops, Volume 4'' (Something Weird Video, 2007)

''Bizarro Sex Loops, Volume 20'' (Something Weird Video, 2008)

DVDs

Most, if not all, of Page's existing films have been reissued on DVD, such as ''Bettie Page: Varietease/Teaserama'', as well as a collection of five shorts called ''Betty Page in Bondage''. In 1984, London Enterprises, a producer of S&M; films, added music and narration to 28 of Klaw's silent fetish movies for the two-volume video ''Irving Klaw Bondage Classics''. Page appears in half of these featurettes. In 2005, both volumes were released on a single DVD by Cult Epics as ''Bettie Page: Bondage Queen.''

A compilation of her burlesque dancing performances from ''Striporama'', ''Varietease'', and ''Teaserama'' plus ''The Exotic Dances of Bettie Page'' (13 black-and-white dancing and cat-fight shorts) are on the Cult Epics DVD release ''Bettie Page: Pin Up Queen''.

The DVD ''100 Girls by Bunny Yeager'' (also by Cult Epics) is a documentary with behind-the-scenes footage on Yeager's photo sessions with Page and other pin-up models. Page also appears in another set of Irving Klaw bondage reels in ''Bizarro Sex Loops, Volume 20'', a collection of vintage fetish shorts produced by Something Weird Video.

Biopics

In 2004, Cult Epics produced the biographical film ''Bettie Page: Dark Angel''. This low-budget straight-to-disc biopic centers on the 1953–1957 Irving Klaw period, faithfully recreating six lost fetish films she did for Klaw. Model Paige Richards plays the title role.

Another biographical movie, ''The Notorious Bettie Page'' (2005), follows her life from the mid-1930s through the late-1950s. It stars actress Gretchen Mol as the adult Page. Bonus footage added to the DVD release includes rare color film from the 1950s of Page playfully undressing and striking various nude poses for the camera.

Academy Award nominated director Mark Mori is scheduled to release the official authorized documentary biography, ''Bettie Page Reveals All'' in 2012. After more than 10 years of working with Bettie Page, Mori's film provides a unique look into her life. The film contains exclusive interviews with Bettie Page and important figures in her life and career, such as Hugh Hefner.

Guitars

In 2006, Page and Halo Guitars collaborated to produce a limited edition of custom guitars, released at the 2007 Winter NAMM show in southern California. The total run of one hundred guitars were hand-made and designed by luthier Waylon Ford, art was designed by Pamelina H. and the only collector guitar series authorized by Bettie Page.

In popular culture

In one of his numerous fictional back-page biographical sketches, Harlan Ellison claimed to be "writing a biography of Bettie Page for young adults". Alternative country band BR5-49 recorded an ode to Page named "Bettie, Bettie" on their 1996 debut EP ''Live From Robert's''. In interviews, Page stated that this was her favorite of the songs written about her. The Jazz Butcher included the song "Just Like Betty Page" on the 1984 album, ''A Scandal in Bohemia'', using Page for a simile in the chorus "You have me/As far as I can see/roped and trussed just like dear Betty Page." The BD-3000 luxury droid in ''Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith'' was inspired by Bettie Page. Beyoncé Knowles pays homage to Bettie Page in her music video for "Video Phone". Swedish concept band DC-Pöbeln (a.k.a. Dagcenterpöbeln) from Örebro put Bettie Page on the cover of their only record ''Bettan/Dödgrävaren'' in 1985. In Quentin Tarantino's film ''Death Proof'', Rosario Dawson pays homage to Page with her trademark haircut. In Seattle, Washington, a homeowner became the subject of a short-lived controversy when he had an artist friend paint a large mural of Page on the side of his home. The mural is visible from Interstate 5, just south of the 65th Street exit. In Suda51's upcoming video game "Lollipop Chainsaw," a pre-order downloadable outfit takes inspiration from Bettie Page as a pinup girl outfit, and includes her signature haircut with bangs.

See also

Pin-up girl

Pornography

References

;Notes

External links

TheBettiePage.com, web guide to Bettie Page

BettieVille.com, Dave's Bettie Page Page, a tribute and guide

BettiePageMovie.com, "Bettie Page Reveals All", authorized biography film.

Bettie Page (1923–2008) - slideshow by ''The First Post''

Category:1923 births Category:2008 deaths Category:People from Nashville, Tennessee Category:American female adult models Category:Baptists from the United States Category:Biola University alumni Category:Bondage models Category:Burials at Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery Category:Burlesque performers Category:Converts to Christianity Category:Deaths from myocardial infarction Category:Glamour models Category:Multnomah University and Biblical Seminary alumni Category:Peabody College alumni Category:People from Florida Category:People with schizophrenia Category:Playboy Playmates (1953–1959) Category:Vanderbilt University alumni

be:Бэці Пэйдж be-x-old:Бэці Пэйдж br:Bettie Page cs:Bettie Page cy:Bettie Page da:Bettie Page de:Bettie Page es:Bettie Page eu:Bettie Page fr:Bettie Page fy:Bettie Page gl:Bettie Page it:Bettie Page he:בטי פייג' nl:Bettie Page ja:ベティ・ペイジ no:Bettie Page pl:Bettie Page pt:Bettie Page ru:Пейдж, Бетти fi:Bettie Page sv:Bettie Page th:เบตตี เพจ tr:Bettie Page

Name	Patti Page
Background	solo_singer
Birth name	Clara Ann Fowler
Birth date	November 08, 1927
Origin	Claremore, Oklahoma, U.S. [many sources give Muskogee, OK]
Instrument	Vocals
Genre	Traditional pop, country
Occupation	Singer
Years active	1948–present
Label	Mercury Columbia Epic Avco Plantation
Website	misspattipage.com }}

Clara Ann Fowler (born November 8, 1927), known by her professional name Patti Page, is an American singer, one of the best-known female artists in traditional pop music. She was the best-selling female artist of the 1950s, and has sold over 100 million records. Her nickname is ''The Singin' Rage'' (a phrase commonly followed by "Miss Patti Page").

Page signed with Mercury Records in 1947, and became their first successful female artist, starting with 1948's "Confess". In 1950, she had her first million-selling single "With My Eyes Wide Open, I'm Dreaming", and would eventually have 14 additional million-selling singles between 1950 and 1965.

Page's signature song, "Tennessee Waltz", recorded in 1950, was one of the biggest-selling singles of the twentieth century, and is also one of the two official state songs of Tennessee. "Tennessee Waltz" spent 13 weeks atop the ''Billboard magazine's Best-Sellers List'' in 1950. Page had three additional #1 hit singles between 1950 and 1953, with "All My Love (Bolero)", "I Went to Your Wedding", and "(How Much Is That) Doggie in the Window".

Unlike most pop music singers, Page blended the styles of country music into many of her most popular songs. By doing this, many of Page's singles also made the ''Billboard'' Country Chart. Towards the 1970s, Page shifted her career towards country music, and she began charting on the country charts, up until 1982. Page is one of the few vocalists who have made the country charts in five separate decades.

When rock & roll music became popular during the second half of the 1950s, traditional pop music was becoming less popular. Page was one of the few traditional pop music singers who was able to sustain her success, continuing to have major hits into the mid-1960s with "Old Cape Cod", "Allegheny Moon", "A Poor Man's Roses (Or a Rich Man's Gold)", and "Hush, Hush, Sweet Charlotte".

In 1997, Patti Page was inducted into the Oklahoma Music Hall of Fame. In 2007 Patti Page was inducted into the Hit Parade Hall of Fame.

Early life

Page was born Clara Ann Fowler on November 8, 1927, in Claremore, Oklahoma, (although some sources give Muskogee, Oklahoma). She was born into a large and poor family. Her father worked on the MKT railroad, while her mother and older sisters picked cotton. As she related on television many years later, the family went without electricity, and therefore she could not read after dark. She attended Daniel Webster High School in Tulsa, from which she graduated in 1945.

Fowler became a featured singer on a 15-minute radio program on radio station KTUL, Tulsa, Oklahoma, at age 18. The program was sponsored by the "Page Milk Company." On the air, Fowler was dubbed "Patti Page," after the Page Milk Company. In 1946, Jack Rael, a saxophone player and band manager, came to Tulsa to do a one-night show. Rael heard Page on the radio and liked her voice. Rael asked her to join the band he managed, the "Jimmy Joy Band." Rael would later become Page's personal manager, after leaving the band.

Page toured with the "Jimmy Joy Band" throughout the country in the mid-1940s. The band eventually ended up in Chicago, Illinois, in 1947. In Chicago, Page ate with a small group led by popular orchestra leader, Benny Goodman. This helped Page gain her first recording contract with Mercury Records the same year. Page became Mercury Records' "girl singer."

Music career

Pop success: 1948 – 1949

Page recorded her first hit single in 1947 titled "Confess," during a strike meaning background singers were not available to provide harmony vocals for the song. Instead, Page and the label decided to overdub her vocals on the song, in harmony. Mitch Miller, who produced for Mercury Records, was able to overdub Page's voice, due to his well-known use of technology. Thus, Page became the first pop artist to overdub her vocals on a song. This idea would later be used on Page's biggest hit singles in the 1950s. In 1948, "Confess" became a Top 15 hit on ''Billboard magazine,'' peaking at #12 on the "Best-Sellers" chart, becoming her first major hit on the pop chart. Page followed the single with four more in 1948-1949, only one of which was a Top 20 hit, "So in Love" (1949). Page also had a Top 15 hit on the ''Billboard magazine country chart'' in 1949 with "Money, Marbles, and Chalk."

In 1950, Page had her first million-selling single "With My Eyes Wide Open, I'm Dreaming," another song where she harmonized her vocals. Because she was overdubbing her vocals, Page's name would be listed on the Pop charts as a group name. According to one early-1950s' chart, Page was titled as "The Patti Page Quartet," among others. Towards the middle of 1950, Page's single, "All My Love (Bolero)" peaked at #1 on ''Billboard magazine,'' becoming her first #1 hit, spending five weeks there. That same year, she also had her first Top 10 hit with "I Don't Care If the Sun Don't Shine," as well as the Top 25 single, "Back in Your Own Backyard."

"Tennessee Waltz": 1950

Towards the end of 1950, Page's version of "Tennessee Waltz" became her second #1 hit, and her most-popular and biggest-selling single. "Tennessee Waltz" was originally recorded by country music band Pee Wee King & His Golden West Cowboys in 1947, becoming a major hit on the country charts for them in 1948. It also became a major country hit for country star Cowboy Copas around the same time. Page was introduced to the song by Jerry Wexler, who suggested she cover a recent R&B; version by the Erskine Hawkins orchestra. Page liked the song and she eventually recorded and released it as a single. The song spent 13 weeks at #1 between 1950 and 1951. "Tennessee Waltz" also became Page's second single to reach the country chart, becoming her biggest hit there, reaching #2. The song would later become one of the best-selling records of the time, selling seven million copies in the early '50s, which prompted various cover versions of the song to appear on the charts during the year. "Tennessee Waltz" has also represented the biggest commercial success for the overdubbing technique to date. Today, the song has come close to selling fifteen million copies. It also became the last song to sell one million copies of sheet music, due to the increasing popularity of recorded music. It was featured in the 1983 film ''The Right Stuff''.

Breakthrough: 1951 – 1965

In 1951, Page released the follow-up single to "Tennessee Waltz" called "Would I Love You (Love You, Love You)," which was a Top 5 hit, and also sold a million copies. The next single, "Mockin' Bird Hill," (a cover of the version by Les Paul and Mary Ford was another major hit that year) was her fourth single that sold a million copies. Page had three additional Top 10 hits on ''Billboard magazine'' in 1951, starting with "Mister and Mississippi," which peaked at #8, "And So to Sleep Again", and "Detour," which had previously been recorded and made famous by Foy Willing and Elton Britt. Page's version became the most-popular and would become Page's seventh million-selling single. She also released her first studio album in 1951 titled, ''Folk Song Favorites,'' covers of Page's favorite folk songs. In 1952, Page had a third #1 hit with "I Went to Your Wedding," which spent two months at the top spot. Recorded in a country ballad style, the song was the flip-side of one of her other Top 10 hits that year, "You Belong to Me." "I Went to Your Wedding" became more successful, and the single became Page's eighth million-selling single in the United States (ironically, it displaced Jo Stafford's version of "You Belong to Me" at #1 on Billboard's Best Seller chart). She had continued success that year, with three additional songs in the Top 10 with "Come What May," "Once In a While," and "Why Don't You Believe Me" (the most popular version was recorded by Joni James).

In 1953, a novelty tune, "(How Much Is That) Doggie In the Window" became Page's fourth #1 hit, selling over a million copies, and staying on the best-sellers chart for five months. The song included a dog barking in the recording, which helped make the song popular and one of her best-known and signature songs. The song was written by novelty tune specialist, Bob Merrill. It was originally recorded by Page for a children's album that year. She had a series of Top 20 hits that year. A final single that year reached the Top 5 titled "Changing Partners," which peaked at #3 and stayed on the charts for five months. The song was also recorded in a country melody, like many of Page's hits at the time. Into 1954, Page had further hits, including "Cross Over the Bridge," which also over-dubbed Page's vocals and became a major hit, peaking at #2, nearly reaching the top spot. Other Top 10 hits by Page that year included, "Steam Heat" (from the Broadway musical ''The Pajama Game'') and "Let Me Go Lover" (the best known version of the latter recorded by Joan Weber). In 1955 Page had one charting single with "Croce di Oro," due to the increasing popularity of Rock & Roll music. Unlike most traditional pop music singers at the time, Page was able to maintain her success in the late-50s (although not as successful as the early-50s), having three major hits in 1956, including the #2 hit "Allegheny Moon." In 1957 she had other major hits with "A Poor Man's Roses (Or a Rich Man's Gold)" (recorded the same year by Patsy Cline) and the Top 5 hit, "Old Cape Cod."

In 1956 Vic Schoen became the musical director for Patti Page producing a long string of hits that included Mama From the Train, Allegheny Moon, Old Cape Cod, Belonging To Someone, and Left Right Out of Your Heart. Page and Schoen’s most challenging project was a new recording of Gordon Jenkins narrative tone poem Manhattan Tower (recorded September 1956). The album was a tremendous success, both artistically and commercially, reaching No. 18 on the Billboard LP chart, the highest ranking of any album she ever made. Vic Schoen’s arrangements were far more lively and jazzy than the original Jenkins arrangements. Schoen recalled, “Patti was an alto, but I pushed her to reach notes higher than she had sung before for this album. We always enjoyed working together.” Page and Schoen kept in touch and worked together all the way up until 1999.

During the 1950s, Page regularly appeared on a series of network television shows and programs, including ''The Dean Martin Show,'' ''The Ed Sullivan Show,'' and ''The Steve Allen Show.'' This eventually led to Page acquiring some television specials of her own during the 1950s. Page would later have her own series, beginning with ''Scott Music Hall'' on NBC in the 1952-53 season, and a syndicated series for Oldsmobile in 1955 titled ''The Patti Page Show''. However, the show only lasted one season, as did ''The Big Record'' on CBS (1957–58) and ABC's ''The Patti Page Olds Show'' (1958–59). Page also acted in fims during this time, given a role on the CBS show, ''Playhouse 90.'' Page made her film debut in the 60s, with the 1960 film, ''Elmer Gantry.'' Page also recorded the theme song for the film, ''Boys Night Out,'' in which Page also had a role, playing Joanne McIllenny.

In the early 1960s, Page's success began to decrease, having no major hits up until 1961's "You'll Answer to Me" and "Mom and Dad's Waltz." Page had her last major hit on the Billboard Pop Chart in 1965 with "Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte," from the film of the same name starring Bette Davis and Olivia De Havilland, which peaked at #8, becoming her last top 10 hit (and her first since 1957).

Adult contemporary & country music: 1966 – 1982

Before releasing "Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte," Page signed with Columbia Records, where she stayed towards the end of the decade. She released a few studio albums for the Columbia label in the 60s. Up until 1970, her singles began to chart on the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart. Many of these singles became major hits, peaking in the Top 20, including cover versions of "You Can't Be True, Dear," "Gentle On My Mind" and "Little Green Apples" (the latter being her last pop chart entry). Page, who is a fan of country music, has recorded cover versions of many country songs throughout the years. Some of these songs were recorded under Columbia and were released as Adult Contemporary singles, including David Houston's "Almost Persuaded" and Tammy Wynette's "Stand by Your Man." Page left Columbia at the end of the 60s.

In 1970, Page returned to Mercury Records and shifted her career towards country music. In 1973, she returned to working with her former record producer, Shelby Singleton. Under Mercury, Columbia, and Epic in the 70s, Page recorded a series of country singles, beginning with 1970's "I Wish I Had a Mommy Like You," which became a Top 25 hit, followed by "Give Him Love," with similar success. In 1971, she released a country music studio album, ''I'd Rather Be Sorry,'' for Mercury records. In the early 70s, she had additional charted hits; her most successful was in 1973, a duet with country singer Tom T. Hall titled, "Hello, We're Lonely" which was a Top 20 hit, reaching #14 on the Bilboard Country Chart.

Also, in 1973, Page moved back to Columbia Records, recording for Epic Records (a subsidiary). In 1974 and 1975, she released singles for Avco records again, with country singles "I May Not Be Lovin' You" and "Less Than the Song," both of which were minor country hits. After a five-year hiatus, she recorded for Plantation Records in 1980. In the early 80s, she also performed with major symphony orchestras in Cincinnati, Ohio, and Mexico City, Mexico. She had a Top 40 hit with the Plantation label in 1981 titled "No Aces," followed by a series of minor country hits, including her last-charting single, "My Man Friday," which reached #80.

Later career: 1983 – present

In 1986 Page and arranger Vic Schoen reunited for a stage show in Las Vegas.

In 1988, Page appeared in New York City to perform at the Ballroom, making it the first time she performed in New York in nearly twenty years. She received positive reviews from music critics. In the 1990s, Page founded her own record label, C.A.F. Records, which released various albums, including a 2003 children's album. In the early '90s, Page moved west to San Diego, California, and continued to perform live shows at venues across the country.

In 1998, Page recorded her first live album. It was performed at Carnegie Hall in New York and titled, ''Live at Carnegie Hall: The 50th Anniversary Concert''. The album won Page a Grammy Award the following year for ''Best Traditional Pop Vocal Performance'' which, despite her prolific career, was her first Grammy. In 2000, she released a new album, ''Brand New Tennessee Waltz,'' which consisted of new music. Harmony vocals were provided by popular country stars, including Suzy Bogguss, Alison Krauss, Kathy Mattea, and Trisha Yearwood. The album was promoted at the Ryman Auditorium in Nashville, Tennessee in 2000. On October 4, 2001, Bob Baines, the mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire declared the day "Patti Page Day" in the town. Miss Page was in Manchester to perform a sold-out concert at the Palace Theatre to benefit Merrimack Valley Assistance Program.

In 1998, a sample of Patti Page's recording of "Old Cape Cod" formed the basis of Groove Armada's 1998 UK hit "At the River". The lines "If you're fond of sand dunes and salty air, / Quaint little villages here and there..." sung in Page's multi-tracked close-harmony, are repeated over and over, with the addition of synthesizer bass, slowed-down drums and a bluesy trombone solo to produce a chill-out track. The success of this track exposed Page's music to a younger audience.

In 1999, Vic Schoen reunited with Page to record a CD for a Chinese label.

In 2005, she performed a series of engagements at a theatre in Branson, Missouri, starting on September 12.

Until recently, Page was a host of a weekly Sunday program on the "Music of Your Life" radio network. She and Jack White of The White Stripes were interviewed in January 2008, after the White Stripes recorded Page's early '50s hit, "Conquest" on their 2007 studio album, ''Icky Thump.'' Page and White were put together on the phone during the interview, talking to each other about their views on "Conquest." In 2007, Page was inducted into the Hit Parade Hall of Fame.

Now in her mid-80s, Page continues to tour, performing 50 select concerts a year across the United States and Canada.

Style

During the time of Page's greatest popularity (the late '40s and '50s), most of her traditional pop music counterparts included jazz melodies into their songs. Page also incorporated jazz into some of her songs; however on most of her recordings, Page added a country music arrangement.

During the '50s, Mercury Records was controlled by Mitch Miller, who produced most of Page's music. Miller found that the simple-structured melodies and storylines in country music songs could be adapted to the pop music market. Page, who was born in Oklahoma, felt comfortable using this idea. Many of Page's most successful hits featured a country music arrangement, including her signature song, "Tennessee Waltz," as well as "I Went to Your Wedding" and "Changing Partners." Some of these singles charted on the Billboard Country Chart during the '40s, '50s, and early '60s for this reason.

Many other artists were introduced to Page's style and incorporated the same country arrangement into many of their songs, including The Andrews Sisters and Bing Crosby, who together had a #1 hit on the country charts in the late '40s with "Pistol Packin' Mama."

Personal life

In his autobiography, ''Lucky Me'', published in 2011, former major league baseball star and front-office executive Eddie Robinson discloses that he dated Page during the period before her first marriage.

Page has been married three times. She married University of Wisconsin student Jack Skiba in May 1948 and moved with him to New York, but asked for and received a no-fault divorce in Wisconsin within a year. Her second husband was Charles O'Curran, a choreographer, whom she married in 1956. Together, Page and O'Curran adopted two children: a son, Danny, and a daughter, Kathleen. They divorced in 1972.

Page married her third husband, Jerry Filiciotto, in 1990. Filiciotto died on April 18, 2009. They ran a maple syrup business in New Hampshire and resided in Solana Beach, California.

One of legendary Hollywood arranger Vic Schoen’s favorite singers for whom he arranged songs was Patti Page. Schoen once recalled, "She was one of the nicest and most accommodating singers I've ever worked with." She and Schoen remained close friends and spoke regularly until his death in 2000.

Discography

''(For a more complete collection, see ''List of songs recorded by Patti Page.)''

Television appearances

''What's My Line?'' (CBS, September 22, 1955) (Episode # 381) (Season 9, Ep 4) Mystery Guest

''Appointment with Adventure'' ("Paris Venture", CBS, February 26, 1956)

Filmography

''Elmer Gantry'' (1960)

''Dondi'' (1960)

''Boys' Night Out'' (1962)

2004: ''The Patti Page Video Songbook''

2004: ''Patti Page - Sings the Hits''

2005: '' In Concert Series: Patti Page''

See also

List of the best-selling music artists

List of popular music performers

Bibliography

Once Upon a Dream: A Personal Chat With All Teenagers (1960)

This is My Song: A Memoir - Patti Page with Skip Press (2009)

References

External links

The Official Patti Page Website

Patti Page Official Biography

Interview with Patti Page

Songwriters' Hall of Fame article on Patti Page

Category:1927 births Category:Living people Category:People from Claremore, Oklahoma Category:Musicians from Oklahoma Category:American female singers Category:American country singers Category:American pop singers Category:Traditional pop music singers Category:Grammy Award winners Category:Mercury Records artists Category:Oklahoma Music Hall of Fame inductees Category:People from Solana Beach, California

da:Patti Page de:Patti Page fa:پتی پیج fr:Patti Page ko:패티 페이지 id:Patti Page is:Patti Page it:Patti Page ja:パティ・ペイジ no:Patti Page nov:Patti Page ru:Патти Пейдж simple:Patti Page sh:Patti Page fi:Patti Page sv:Patti Page th:แพตตี เพจ

name	Amedeo Minghi
background	solo_singer
origin	Italy
genre	Pop, Italian popular music, Adult Contemporary
years active	1966–present
label	Dischi Ricordi, Apollo, CBS, It, Italian RCA, Fonit Cetra, Italian EMI
website	http://www.amedeominghi.com/
notable instruments	Piano }}

Amedeo Minghi (born in Rome, Italy on 12 August 1947) is an Italian singer/songwriter. He has written songs for Andrea Bocelli, Mietta, Mia Martini, Anna Oxa, Marcella Bella, Gianni Morandi and Rossana Casale and composed several sound tracks as for the television film Fantaghirò (aka Cave of the Golden Rose).

2000: ''Anita''

2002: ''L'altra faccia della luna''

2003: ''L'altra faccia della luna (Edizione sanremese)''

2005: ''Su di me''

2005: ''Sotto L'Ombrellone (con Lino Banfi)''

2006: ''The Platinum collection''

2008: ''40 anni di me con voi''

2009: ''All'Auditorium. L'ascolteranno gli americani''

Category:1947 births Category:Italian male singers Category:Italian singer-songwriters Category:Living people

de:Amedeo Minghi es:Amedeo Minghi fr:Amedeo Minghi it:Amedeo Minghi pl:Amedeo Minghi pt:Amedeo Minghi uk:Амедео Мінґі