name	At the River
cover	Groove Armada At the River 1997 single cover.jpg
artist	Groove Armada
album	Vertigo
released	1997July 26, 1999 (re-release)
format	1997: 7" vinyl1999: 12" vinyl, CD
genre	Electronica
length	6:33
label	1997: Tummy Touch1999: Pepper
writer	Andy Cato
producer	Groove Armada
this single	"At the River"(1997)
next single	"Four Tune Cookie"(1997)
misc	}}

"At the River" is the debut single by Groove Armada, released in 1997 on 7" vinyl, limited to 500 copies. The song was later added to the track listing of their second album, ''Vertigo'', released in April 1999. On 26 July 1999 the single was re-released on 12" and CD. This re-release peaked at #19 in the UK Singles Chart.

A sample of Patti Page's "Old Cape Cod" forms the basis of "At the River". The lines "If you're fond of sand dunes and salty air, / Quaint little villages here and there..." sung in Page's multi-tracked close-harmony, are repeated over and over, with the addition of synthesizer bass, slowed-down drums and a bluesy trombone solo to produce a chill-out track.

It was used in an advert for Marks & Spencer.

Track listing

All songs were written by Andy Cato, except where noted.

7" Vinyl (1997)

UK: Tummy Touch/TUCH 011

{{tracklist | headline = Side one | title1 = At the River | length1 = }} {{tracklist | headline = Side two | title1 = Disco Insert | writer1 = Tim 'Love' Lee | length1 = }}

12" Vinyl (1999)

UK: Pepper Records/0530060

{{tracklist | headline = Side one | title1 = At the River | note1 = English Riviera Mix | length1 = 6:13 | title2 = At the River | note2 = Original Version | length2 = 6:33 }} {{tracklist | headline = Side two | title1 = At the River | note1 = Presence Mix | length1 = 5:45 }}

CD single (1999)

UK: Pepper Records/0530060

{{tracklist | title1 = At the River | note1 = Radio Edit | length1 = 3:14 | title2 = At the River | note2 = English Riviera Mix | length2 = 6:13 | title3 = At the River | note3 = Presence Mix | length3 = 5:48 | title4 = At the River | note4 = English Riviera Edit | length4 = 3:49 }}

UK: Jive Electro/0550462

{{tracklist | title1 = At the River | note1 = Radio Edit | length1 = 3:14 | title2 = At the River | note2 = English Riviera Mix | length2 = 6:13 | title3 = At the River | note3 = Presence Mix | length3 = 5:48 | title4 = At the River | note4 = English Riviera Edit | length4 = 3:49 | title5 = At the River | note5 = Original Version | length5 = 6:33 }}

References

Category:1997 singles Category:1999 singles Category:Groove Armada songs Category:Debut singles Category:Songs written by Andy Cato

The River may refer to:

Film

''The River'' (1929 film), American film directed by Frank Borzage

''The River'' (1938 film), American film directed by Pare Lorentz

''The River'' (1951 film), French film directed by Jean Renoir

''The River'' (1984 film), American film directed by Mark Rydell

''The River'' (1997 film), Taiwanese film directed by Tsai Ming-liang

''The River'' (2001 film), Finnish film directed by Jarmo Lampela

Literature

''The River'' (Paulsen), novel by Gary Paulsen

''The River'', novel by Eden Phillpotts

''The River'', suspense novel by Cheryl Kaye Tardif

''The River'', book about the origin of HIV/AIDS by Edward Hooper

"The River" (short story), short story by Flannery O'Connor

The primary geographic feature found in the ''Riverworld'' series by Philip Jose Farmer

Music

The River (band), a UK doom metal band

;Albums

''The River'' (album), by Bruce Springsteen, or the title song (see below)

''The River'' (Ali Farka Touré album)

''The River'', by Mick Stevens

;Songs

"The River" (Breed 77 song)

"The River" (Bruce Springsteen song)

"The River" (Elgar), composed by Edward Elgar

"The River" (Garth Brooks song)

"The River" (Good Charlotte song)

"The River" (Live song)

"The River" (Noel Gourdin song)

"The River" (The Tea Party song)

"The River", by The Beautiful South from ''Painting It Red''

"The River", by Chely Wright from ''The Metropolitan Hotel''

"The River," by David Byrne and Brian Eno from ''Everything That Happens Will Happen Today''

"The River", by Missy Higgins from ''The Sound Of White''

"The River", by Wild Orchid from ''Wild Orchid''

"The River (Le Colline Sono In Fiore)", by Ken Dodd

"The River", a cover of "The River (Bruce Springsteen song)" done by The Clarks

Radio stations

The River, WRVE 99.5 FM, Schenectady, New York

The River, WRVV 97.3 FM, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

The River, WHCN 105.9 FM, Hartford, Connecticut

The River, WCVO 104.9 FM.

The River (radio station), radio station in Albury, New South Wales, Australia, owned by Macquarie Regional RadioWorks

The River, KVRV 97.7 FM, Santa Rosa, California area

The River, WERV-FM 95.9 FM, a Chicago-area radio station

The River, CFAN-FM 99.3 FM, Miramichi, New Brunswick, Canada

The River, WVRV 101.5 FM, Montgomery, Alabama, United States

The River, KIWR 89.7 FM, Council Bluffs, Iowa, United States

Other

The River (artwork), a fountain in Victoria Square, Birmingham, England

The River (skyscraper), Bangkok, Thailand

''The River'' (TV series), a 1989 British TV series starring David Essex

''The River'' (U.S. TV series), an upcoming American Paranormal/Adventure/Horror series on ABC

"The River" (''Cold Case''), an episode of ''Cold Case''

See also

River (disambiguation)

de:The River fr:The River (homonymie) it:The River nl:The River ja:ザ・リバー

Name	Alison Krauss
Landscape	Yes
Background	solo_singer
Born	July 23, 1971Decatur, IllinoisUnited States
Occupation	Musician, Songwriter, Producer, Bandleader
Instrument	Vocals, Fiddle, Viola
Genre(s)	Bluegrass, Country, Adult Contemporary, R&B;
Years active	1984–present
Associated acts	Dan Tyminski, Robert Plant, John Waite, Rhonda Vincent, Dolly Parton, Brad Paisley, Ricky Skaggs, Vince Gill, Jerry Douglas
Label	Rounder
Website	AlisonKrauss.com}}

Alison Krauss (born July 23, 1971) is an American bluegrass-country singer, songwriter and fiddler. She entered the music industry at an early age, winning local contests by the age of ten and recording for the first time at fourteen. She signed with Rounder Records in 1985 and released her first solo album in 1987. She was invited to join the band with which she still performs, Alison Krauss and Union Station (AKUS), and later released her first album with them as a group in 1989.

She has released twelve albums, appeared on numerous soundtracks, and helped renew interest in bluegrass music in the United States. Her soundtrack performances have led to further popularity, including the ''O Brother, Where Art Thou?'' soundtrack, an album also credited with raising American interest in bluegrass, and the ''Cold Mountain'' soundtrack, which led to her performance at the 2004 Academy Awards. As of the 2011 Grammy Awards, she has won 26 Grammy Awards, making her the most awarded singer, the most awarded female artist, and tied for the third most awarded artist overall in Grammy history. At the time of her first award, at the 1991 Grammy Awards, she was the second youngest winner ever (currently tied as third youngest).

Biography

Alison Maria Krauss was born in Decatur, Illinois. Her parents are originally from Columbus, Mississippi. Krauss was raised in Champaign, Illinois. She began studying classical violin at age five but soon switched to bluegrass. Krauss said she first became involved with music because "[my] mother tried to find interesting things for me to do" and "wanted to get me involved in music, in addition to art and sports." At the age eight she started entering local talent contests, and at ten she had her own band. At 13 she won the Walnut Valley Festival Fiddle Championship, and the Society for the Preservation of Bluegrass in America named her the Most Promising Fiddler in the Midwest. Krauss first met Dan Tyminski around 1984 at a festival held by the Society. Every current member of her band, Union Station, first met her at these festivals.

1985–1991: Early career

Krauss made her recording debut in 1985 on the independent album, ''Different Strokes'', featuring her brother Viktor, Swamp Weiss and Jim Hoiles. From the age of 12 she performed with bassist and songwriter John Pennell in a band called "Silver Rail". Pennell later formed Union Station, and Krauss joined at his invitation, replacing their previous fiddler Andrea Zonn. Pennell remains one of her favorite songwriters and wrote some of her early work including the popular "Every Time You Say Goodbye."

Later that year she signed to Rounder Records, and in 1987, at 16, she released her debut album ''Too Late to Cry'' with Union Station as her backup band.

Krauss' debut solo album was followed shortly by her first group album with Union Station in 1989 ''Two Highways''. The album includes the traditional tunes, Wild Bill Jones and Beaumont Rag, along with a bluegrass interpretation of The Allman Brothers' "Midnight Rider." Alison Krauss and Union Station would later perform at the 1989 Newport Folk Festival.

Krauss' contract with Rounder required her to alternate between releasing a solo album and an album with Union Station, and she released the solo album ''I've Got That Old Feeling'' in 1990. It was her first album to rise onto the Billboard charts, peaking in the top seventy-five on the country chart. The album also was a notable point in her career as she earned her first Grammy Award, the single "Steel Rails" was her first single tracked by Billboard, and the title single "I've Got That Old Feeling" was the first song for which she recorded a music video.

1992–1999: Rising success

{| Class=wikitable style="float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;" |- !colspan=2|Alison Krauss & Union Station |- !align="center" valign="bottom"|Name !align="center" valign="bottom"|Role |- |Alison Krauss |Lead vocals, fiddle, viola |- |Larry Atamanuik |drums, Percussion |- |Barry Bales |Bass |- |Ron Block |Guitar, Banjo |- |Jerry Douglas |Dobro |- |Dan Tyminski |Guitar, Mandolin |- |} Krauss' second Union Station album ''Everytime You Say Goodbye'' was released in 1992, and she went on to win her second Grammy for Best Bluegrass Album of the year. She then joined the Grand Ole Opry in 1993 at the age of 21. She was the youngest cast member at the time, and the first bluegrass artist to join the Opry in twenty-nine years. She also collaborated on a project with the Cox Family in 1994, a bluegrass album called ''I Know Who Holds Tomorrow''. Mandolin and guitar player Dan Tyminski replaced Tim Stafford in Union Station in 1994. Late in the year, Krauss recorded with the band Shenandoah on its single "Somewhere in the Vicinity of the Heart," which brought her to the country music Top Ten for the first time. Also in 1994, Krauss collaborated with Suzy Bogguss, Kathy Mattea, and Crosby, Stills, and Nash to contribute "Teach Your Children" to the AIDS benefit album Red Hot + Country produced by the Red Hot Organization. In 1997, she recorded vocals and violin for "Half a Mind," on Tommy Shaw's 7 Deadly Zens album.

''Now That I've Found You: A Collection'', a compilation of older releases and some covers of her favorite works by other artists, was released in 1995. Some of these covers include Bad Company's "Oh Atlanta," The Foundations' "Baby, Now That I've Found You," which was used in the Australian hit comedy movie ''The Castle'', and The Beatles' "I Will." A cover of Keith Whitley's "When You Say Nothing at All" reached the top five on the Billboard country chart; the album peaked in the top fifteen on the all-genre Billboard 200 chart, and sold two million copies to become Krauss' first double-platinum album. Krauss also was nominated for four Country Music Association Awards and won all of them.

''So Long So Wrong'', another Union Station album, was released in 1997 and won the Grammy for Best Bluegrass Album. One critic said its sound was "rather untraditional" and "likely [to] change quite a few . . . minds about bluegrass." Included on the album is the track "It Doesn't Matter," which was featured in the second season premiere episode of ''Buffy the Vampire Slayer'' and was included on the ''Buffy'' soundtrack in 1999.

Her next solo release in 1999, ''Forget About It'', included one of her two tracks to appear on the Billboard adult contemporary chart, "Stay." The album was certified gold, and charted within the top seventy-five of the Billboard 200 and in the top five of the country chart. In addition, the track "That Kind of Love" was included in another episode of ''Buffy the Vampire Slayer.''

2000–present: Current career

Adam Steffey left Union Station in 1998, and was replaced with renowned Dobro player Jerry Douglas. Douglas had provided studio back-up to Krauss's records since 1987's ''Too Late To Cry''. Their next album, ''New Favorite'', was released on August 14, 2001. The album went on to win the Grammy for Best Bluegrass Album, with the single "The Lucky One" winning a Grammy as well. ''New Favorite'' was followed up by the double platinum double album ''Live'' in 2002 and a release of a DVD of the same live performance in 2003. Both the album and the DVD were recorded during a performance at The Louisville Palace and both the album and DVD have been certified double Platinum. Also in 2002 she played a singing voice for one of the characters in "Eight Crazy Nights"

''Lonely Runs Both Ways'' was released in 2004, and eventually became another Alison Krauss & Union Station gold certified album. Ron Block described ''Lonely Runs Both Ways'' as "pretty much... what we've always done" in terms of song selection and the style in which those songs were recorded. Krauss believes the group "was probably the most unprepared we've ever been" for the album and that songs were chosen as needed rather than planned beforehand. She also performed a duet with Brad Paisley on his album ''Mud on the Tires'' in the single "Whiskey Lullaby." The single was quickly ranked in the top fifty of the Billboard Hot 100 and the top five of the Hot Country Songs, and won the Country Music Association Awards for "Best Musical Event" and "Best Music Video" of the year.

Krauss recorded a collaborative album, ''Raising Sand'' with Robert Plant in 2007 which would ultimately be RIAA certified platinum. ''Raising Sand'' was nominated for and won 5 Grammys at the 51st Grammy Awards including Album of the Year, Best Contemporary Folk/Americana Album, and Record of the Year ("Please Read the Letter"). Krauss and Plant recorded a Crossroads special in October 2007 for the Country Music Television network which first aired on February 12, 2008. The pair are currently working on a new album. Alison Krauss has announced a new album release called ''Paper Airplane'' with Union Station on April 12, 2011, the follow-up album to "Lonely Runs Both Ways" (2004)

Other work

Krauss has made multiple guest appearances on other records with lead vocals, harmony vocals, or fiddle playing. In 1993 she recorded vocals for the Phish song "If I Could" in Los Angeles. In 1997 she contributed harmony vocals in both English and Irish to Irish traditional band Altan's ''Runaway Sunday'' album. She has contributed to numerous motion picture soundtracks, most notably the soundtrack ''O Brother, Where Art Thou?'' in 2000. She and co-vocalist Dan Tyminski contributed multiple tracks to the soundtrack, including "I'll Fly Away" (with Gillian Welch), "Down to the River to Pray", and "I Am a Man of Constant Sorrow." She also makes a guest appearance on Heart's March 2010 concert DVD Night At Sky Church, providing the lead vocals for the song These Dreams.

In the film, Tyminski's vocals on "I Am a Man of Constant Sorrow" were used for George Clooney's character. The soundtrack sold over seven million copies and won the Grammy for Album of the Year in 2002. The unexpected success of the album has been partially credited, as was Krauss herself, with bringing a new interest in bluegrass to the United States. She has said, however, that she believes Americans already liked bluegrass and other less-heard musical genres, and that the film merely provided easy exposure to the music. She did not appear in the movie, at her own request, as she was nine months pregnant during its filming.

In 2007, Krauss released the anthology ''A Hundred Miles Or More: A Collection'' which was a collection of soundtrack work, duets with artists such as John Waite, James Taylor, Brad Paisley and esteemed fiddle player Natalie MacMaster, and newer tracks. The album was very commercially successful, but was received with a lukewarm reception from critics. One of the tracks, "Missing You", a duet with Waite (and a cover of his hit single from 1984), was similarly received as a single. On August 11, television network Great American Country aired a one-hour special, "Alison Krauss: A Hundred Miles or More" based on the album and featured many of the album's duets and solo performances.

Other soundtracks for which Krauss has performed include ''Twister'', ''The Prince of Egypt'', ''Eight Crazy Nights'', ''Mona Lisa Smile'', ''Divine Secrets of the Ya-Ya Sisterhood'', ''Alias'', ''Bambi II'' and ''Cold Mountain''. She also contributed the song "Jubilee" to the 2004 documentary ''Paper Clips''. The ''Cold Mountain'' songs "The Scarlet Tide" by T-Bone Burnett and Elvis Costello, and "You Will Be My Ain True Love", by herself and Sting were nominated for an Academy Award, and she performed both songs at the 76th Academy Awards, the first with Costello and Burnett and the other with Sting. She also worked as a producer for Nickel Creek on their debut self-titled album in 2000 and the follow-up ''This Side'' in 2002, which won Krauss her first Grammy as a music producer.

Reception and influences

Krauss's earliest musical experience was as an instrumentalist, though her style has grown to focus more on her vocals with a band providing most of the instrumentation. Musicians she enjoys include Lou Gramm of Foreigner and Paul Rodgers of Bad Company. Krauss' family listened to "folk records" while she was growing up, but she had friends who exposed her to groups such as AC/DC, Carly Simon, The Rolling Stones, Lynyrd Skynyrd, and ELO. She cites Dolly Parton, with whom she has since collaborated a number of times, as a major influence. Some credit Krauss and Union Station, at least partially, with a recent revival of interest in bluegrass music in the United States. Despite being together for nearly two decades and winning numerous awards, she said the group was "just beginning right now" (in 2002) because "in spite of all the great things that have happened for the band, [she] feel[s] musically it's just really beginning." Although she alternates between solo releases and works with the band, she has said there is no difference in her involvement between the two. and "the tightest band around." While they have been successful as a group, many reviews note Krauss still "remains the undisputed star and rock-solid foundation" and have described her as the "band's focus" with an "angelic" voice that "flows like honey". Her work has been compared to that of The Cox Family, Bill Monroe, and Del McCoury, and has in turn been credited with influencing various "Newgrass" artists including Nickel Creek, for which she acted as record producer on two of their albums. In addition to her work with Nickel Creek, she has acted as producer to the Cox Family, Reba McEntire and Alan Jackson. Adam Sweeting of ''The Guardian'' has said Krauss and Union Station are "superb when they stick to hoedowns and hillbilly music, but much less convincing when they lurch towards the middle of the road," and ''Blender magazine'' has said the "flavorless repertoire [Krauss] sings... steers her toward Lite FM". In addition, ''Q'' magazine and ''The Onion'' AV Club have said their newer releases are "pretty much the usual," and that although Krauss is generally "adventurous," these recent releases contain nothing to "alienate the masses".

Voice, themes, and musical style

Krauss's vocal range could generally be described as mezzo soprano with little to no vibrato: her clear vocals have been described as "angelic". She has said her musical influences include J. D. Crowe, Ricky Skaggs, and Tony Rice. Many of her songs are described as sad, and are often about love, especially lost love. Krauss herself has said of her song selection that she looks for "tunes that [she] can relate to". Though she has a close involvement with her group and a long career in music, she rarely performs music she has written herself. She has also described her general approach to constructing an album as starting with a single song and selecting other tracks based on the first, to give the final album a somewhat consistent theme and mood. She most commonly performs in the bluegrass and country genres, though she has had two songs on the adult contemporary charts, has worked with rock artists such as Phish and Sting, and is sometimes said to stray into pop music.

Music videos

Krauss did not think she would make music videos at the beginning of her career, and after recording her first she was convinced it was so bad that she would never do another. Nonetheless, she has gone on to make further videos. Many of the first videos she saw were by bluegrass artists, although Dan Tyminski has noted that the video for ''Thriller'' was very popular at the time she was first exposed to music videos. She has made suggestions on the style or theme to some videos, though she tends to leave such decisions up to the director of the particular video. The group chooses directors by seeking out people who have previously directed videos bandmembers have enjoyed. The director for a video to "If I Didn't Know Any Better" from ''Lonely Runs Both Ways'', for example, was selected because Krauss enjoyed work he had done with Def Leppard, and she wondered what he could do with their music. While style decisions are generally left to the various directors of the videos, many —including for "The Lucky One", "Restless", "Goodbye is All We Have", "New Favorite", and "If I Didn't Know Any Better"—follow a pattern. In all of these videos Krauss walks, sometimes interacting with other people, while the rest of the band follows her.

Performances

Krauss has said she used to dislike working in the studio where she had to play the same song repeatedly, but has come to like studio work roughly the same as live stage performances. Her own favorite concert experiences include watching three Foreigner concerts during a single tour, a Dolly Parton concert, and a Larry Sparks concert. She appeared on ''Austin City Limits'' in 1992 and opened the show in 1995 with Union Station. The ''New Favorite'' tour, after AKUS' album of the same name, was planned to start September 12, 2001 in Cincinnati, Ohio, but was delayed until September 28 in Savannah, Georgia following the September 11 terrorist attacks Krauss also took part in the ''Down from the Mountain'' tour in 2002, which featured many artists from the ''O Brother, Where Art Thou''. ''Down from the Mountain'' was followed by the ''Great High Mountain Tour'', which was composed of musicians from both ''O Brother'' and ''Cold Mountain'', including Krauss. She has also given several notable smaller performances including at Carnegie Hall (with the Grand Ole Opry), on Lifetime Television in a concert of female performers, on the radio show ''A Prairie Home Companion'' where she sang two songs not previously recorded on any of her albums, and a performance at the White House attended by then-President Bill Clinton and then-Vice President Al Gore.

Awards

Alison Krauss has won a record twenty-six Grammy Awards over the course of her career as a solo artist, as a group with Union Station, as a duet with Robert Plant, and as a record producer. This is more than any other female artist and is the third most won by any artist overall. She overtook Aretha Franklin for the most female wins at the 46th Grammy Awards where Krauss won three, bringing her total at the time to seventeen (Franklin won her sixteenth that night). The Recording Academy (which presents the Grammy Awards) presented her with a special musical achievement honor in 2005. She has also won 14 International Bluegrass Music Association Awards, 8 Country Music Association Awards, 2 Gospel Music Association Awards, 2 CMT Music Awards, 2 Academy of Country Music Awards, and 1 Canadian Country Music Award. Country Music Television ranked Krauss 12th on their "40 Greatest Women of Country Music" list in 2002.

At the 76th Academy Awards in February 2004, where she performed two nominated songs from the ''Cold Mountain'' soundtrack, Alison Krauss was chosen by Hollywood shoe designer Stuart Weitzman to wear a pair of $2 million 'Cinderella' sandals with 4½ inch clear glass stiletto heels and two straps adorned with 565 Kwiat diamonds set in platinum. Feeling like a rather unglamorous choice, Krauss said, "When I first heard, I was like, 'What were they thinking?' I have the worst feet of anybody who will be there that night!" In addition to the fairy-tale-inspired shoes, Weitzman outfitted Krauss with a Palm Trēo 600 smartphone, bejeweled with 3,000 clear-and-topaz-colored Swarovski crystals. The shoes were returned, but Krauss kept the crystal-covered phone. Weitzman chose Krauss to show off his fashions at the urging of his daughters, who are fans of Krauss' music.

Discography

1985: ''Different Strokes''

1987: ''Too Late to Cry''

1989: ''Two Highways''

1990: ''I've Got That Old Feeling''

1992: ''Every Time You Say Goodbye''

1994: ''I Know Who Holds Tomorrow''

1997: ''So Long So Wrong''

1999: ''Forget About It''

2001: ''New Favorite''

2002 "Live"

2004: ''Lonely Runs Both Ways''

2007: ''Raising Sand''

2011: ''Paper Airplane''

Filmography

Film
Year	Film	Role	Notes
1997	''Annabelle's Wish''	Additional Voices	UncreditedVoice only
2002	''Adam Sandler's Eight Crazy Nights''	Jennifer	Voice only
Television
Year	Film	Role	Notes
1991	''Hee Haw''	Herself	1 episodeEpisode: #22.21
1996	''Austin City Limits''	Herself	5 episodes, 1996–2005
1997	''Miracle on Highway 31''	Herself	TV movie
2005	''Sesame Street''	Herself	1 episodeEpisode: "American Fruit Stand"
2006	''CMT Cross Country''	Performer	with Vince Gill
2008	''CMT Crossroads''	Performer	with Robert Plant

References

External links

Official site

Rounder Records site for Alison Krauss

[ Alison Krauss] on Allmusic database

Category:1971 births Category:Living people Category:Alison Krauss & Union Station members Category:American bluegrass fiddlers Category:American country singers Category:American female singers Category:Grammy Award winners Category:American Christians Category:People from Decatur, Illinois Category:People from Champaign, Illinois Category:Musicians from Illinois Category:Grand Ole Opry members Category:American people of Native American descent Category:American musicians of French descent Category:American people of English descent Category:American performers of Christian music Category:Rounder Records artists

ar:أليسون كروس br:Alison Krauss ca:Alison Krauss cs:Alison Krauss da:Alison Krauss de:Alison Krauss es:Alison Krauss fr:Alison Krauss gd:Alison Krauss id:Alison Krauss it:Alison Krauss he:אליסון קראוס lv:Elisona Krausa nl:Alison Krauss no:Alison Krauss nn:Alison Krauss pl:Alison Krauss pt:Alison Krauss ru:Краусс, Элисон simple:Alison Krauss fi:Alison Krauss sv:Alison Krauss th:อลิสัน เคราส์ vi:Alison Krauss zh:艾莉森·克勞絲

name	Tina Turner
background	solo_singer
birth name	Anna Mae Bullock
alias	Tina Turner
birth date	November 26, 1939
birth place	Nutbush, Tennessee, United States
occupation	Singer, dancer, author, actress
genre	Rock, folk rock, rock pop, pop, soul, gospel
instrument	Vocals
years active	1958–present
label	EMI, United Artists, Capitol, Parlophone, Virgin
associated acts	The Ike & Tina Turner Revue }}

Tina Turner (born Anna Mae Bullock; November 26, 1939) is an American singer and actress whose career has spanned more than 50 years. She has won numerous awards and her achievements in the rock music genre have earned her the title The Queen of Rock 'n' Roll. Turner started out her music career with husband Ike Turner as a member of the Ike & Tina Turner Revue. Success followed with a string of hits including "River Deep, Mountain High" and the 1971 hit "Proud Mary". With the publication of her autobiography ''I, Tina'' (1986), Turner revealed severe instances of spousal abuse against her by Ike Turner prior to their 1976 split and subsequent 1978 divorce. After virtually disappearing from the music scene for several years following her divorce from Ike Turner, she rebuilt her career, launching a string of hits beginning in 1983 with the single "Let's Stay Together" and the 1984 release of her fifth solo album ''Private Dancer''.

Her musical career led to film roles, beginning with a prominent role as The Acid Queen in the 1975 film ''Tommy'', and an appearance in ''Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band''. She starred opposite Mel Gibson as Aunty Entity in ''Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome'' for which she received the NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture, and her version of the film's theme, "We Don't Need Another Hero", was a hit single. She appeared in the 1993 film ''Last Action Hero''.

One of the world's most popular entertainers, Turner has been called the most successful female rock artist and was named "one of the greatest singers of all time" by ''Rolling Stone''. Her combined album and single sales total approximately 180 million copies worldwide. She has sold more concert tickets than any other solo music performer in history. She is known for her energetic stage presence, powerful vocals, career longevity, and widespread appeal. In 2008, Turner left semi-retirement to embark on her ''Tina!: 50th Anniversary Tour''. Turner's tour became one of the highest selling ticketed shows of 2008-2009. Turner was born a Baptist, but converted to Buddhism and credits the spiritual chants with giving her the strength that she needed to get through the rough times. Rolling Stone ranked her at 63 on their 100 greatest artists of all time and consider her the ''Queen of the Rock and Roll''.

Early life

Anna Mae Bullock was born in Nutbush, an unincorporated area in Haywood County, Tennessee, on November 26, 1939, the daughter of Zelma Bullock (née Currie), a factory worker, and Floyd Richard Bullock, a Baptist deacon, farm overseer and factory worker. She is of African American, European and a small fraction Native American descent. Bullock long believed her mother had significant Native American ancestry, specifically Navajo and Cherokee. Bullock attended Flag Grove School in Haywood County, Tennessee (the land for the school was sold below market value to the school trustees by Bullock's great great-uncle in 1889). Anna Mae's older sister is named (Ruby) Alline. Their parents took Alline with them when they moved to St. Louis, Missouri, and left younger Anna behind with the grandmother. When Anna was a teenager, she joined her mother and sister in St. Louis following her grandmother's death.

Ike & Tina Turner Revue

In St. Louis, Bullock attended Sumner High School. Around this time, Bullock's sister was taking her to several nightclubs in the city. At Club Imperial one night, Bullock met Mississippi-born rhythm and blues musician Ike Turner and later asked him if she could sing for him. Ike was initially skeptical, but after much persistence on Bullock's part, he decided to let her perform for him. Thus, Bullock became an occasional vocalist in Ike's shows at the age of 18. Going by the name "Little Ann", Bullock was also the spotlight of a soul revue led by Ike Turner and his Kings of Rhythm band.

Mainstream success

In 1960, when a singer scheduled to record the song, "A Fool in Love", did not appear, Bullock stepped in and recorded the vocals instead. "A Fool in Love" was a huge R&B; hit reaching No. 2, crossing over to the top 30 of the US pop chart. Ike changed Bullock's name to Tina Turner and that of his band to ''The Ike & Tina Turner Revue''. In 1962, the two married in Tijuana, Mexico. (According to Tina's bio on web site, the couple married in 1958.)

Turner raised four sons — Ike Jr. and Michael (from Ike's previous relationship), Craig (born 1958, from her earlier relationship with Raymond Hill, a saxophone player in Ike's band) and Ronald (fathered by Ike; born 1961).

Throughout the 1960s and into the 1970s, Tina and Ike rose to stardom. As times and musical styles changed, Tina developed a unique stage persona which thrilled audiences of the group's live concerts. Tina and the Revue's backup singers, the Ikettes, wove intricate and electrifying dance routines into their performances and influenced many other artists, including Mick Jagger (for whose 1966 UK tour they opened).

Tina and Ike Turner recorded hits in the 1960s that include "A Fool in Love", "It's Gonna Work Out Fine", "I Idolize You", and "River Deep, Mountain High" with producer Phil Spector in his Wall of Sound style. By the end of the decade, the couple incorporated modern rock styles into their act and began including their interpretations of "Come Together", "Honky Tonk Woman", and "I Want to Take You Higher" to their stage show.

Their high-energy cover version of Creedence Clearwater Revival's 1968 "Proud Mary" remains Turner's signature hit and one of her longest enduring standards. "Proud Mary" was the duo's greatest commercial success, peaking at No. 4 on the Billboard Hot 100 in March 1971. The single eventually won a Grammy for Best R&B; Vocal Performance by a Duo or Group.

Decline in popularity

While many of its original recordings failed to make the charts, the Ike and Tina Turner Revue was lauded by the Rolling Stones, David Bowie, Sly Stone, Janis Joplin, Cher, James Brown, Ray Charles, Elton John and Elvis Presley. A one night gig at a small, predominantly black supper club could be followed in the same week by a show at a major venue in Las Vegas or a national TV appearance. Ike acted as the group's manager and musical director, making all decisions and ruling the act with an iron fist. While he was a fine musician and an early rock 'n' roll influence, Ike's control of the Revue's management, recording contracts and performances eventually led to their decline as his drug abuse worsened. This controlling (and often violent) atmosphere caused the musicians and backup singers to come and go frequently. Tina later reported being isolated and physically abused by Ike on a regular basis for most of their marriage.

By the 1970s, Tina's personal life and marriage were falling apart. Ike's drug use led to increasingly erratic and physically abusive behavior. Their act was losing speed largely due to Ike's refusal to accept outside management of their recording or touring, as well as the cost of maintaining his allegedly voracious cocaine habit. Touring dates began to decline and record sales were low; their last success was "Nutbush City Limits", a song penned by Tina Turner about her home town, that reached No. 22 on the Hot 100 and No. 4 in the United Kingdom in 1973.

Having opened his own recording studio, Bolic Sound, following the lucrative success of "Proud Mary", Ike produced Tina's first solo album, ''Tina Turns the Country On'' in 1974. It failed to make an impact on the charts, as did Tina's follow-up solo album ''Acid Queen'' (1975), which was released to tie in with Tina's critically acclaimed big-screen debut in the The Who's rock opera, ''Tommy''.

Tina and Ike had a violent fight before an appearance at the Dallas Statler Hilton in July 1976, where Tina was again physically abused. She left Ike that day, fleeing with nothing more than thirty-six cents and a Mobil gas station credit card in her possession. She spent the next few months hiding from Ike while staying with various friends.

Tina would later credit her new-found Nichiren Buddhist faith and chanting Nam Myoho Renge Kyo, which she adopted while visiting a friend in 1974, with giving her the courage to strike out on her own. By walking out on Ike in the middle of a tour, she learned she was legally responsible to tour promoters for the canceled tour. Needing to earn a living, she became a solo performer, supplementing her income with TV appearances on shows such as ''The Hollywood Squares'', ''Donny and Marie'', ''The Sonny & Cher Show'' and ''The Brady Bunch Hour''.

The divorce was made final in 1978 after sixteen years of marriage. Tina later accused Ike of years of severe spousal abuse and rampant drug addiction in her autobiography ''I, Tina'' that was later adapted for the film ''What's Love Got to Do with It?''. In the divorce, she completely parted ways with him retaining only her stage name and assuming responsibility for the debts incurred by the canceled tour as well as a significant IRS lien.

Life after the Revue

In 1978, Tina released her third solo album (and her first album since her separation from Ike) entitled ''Rough'' on EMI Records. It was a departure from the funky rhythm and blues sound of the Revue, and featured strong readings of rock songs, demonstrating the direction she wanted her musical career to progress. The album did not sell well and received no certifications. 1979's disco-infused ''Love Explosion'' album also failed on the charts.

Tina continued to perform shows around the United States and Europe but without any hit albums, her career continued a downward spiral. In 1982, she teamed up with B.E.F. for a remake of the Temptations' "Ball of Confusion". The producers were impressed by the recording so they persuaded her to record a cover of Al Green's ''Let's Stay Together''.

With the underwhelming performance of "Rough" and "Love Explosion", EMI Records parted ways with Turner. She was unable to immediately secure another major label deal as many US and UK labels felt her popularity had passed. Turner divided her time between appearing at small venues in the US and UK (mainly Las Vegas) to keep herself in the public eye, and she remained quite popular as a stage act.

Return to prominence

In December 1983, Turner's cover of "Let's Stay Together" hit No. 6 in the UK and also became a hit in several other European countries. In March 1984, "Let's Stay Together" hit No. 26 on the US Billboard 100 singles chart. The song entered the top-5 on both the R&B; and Dance charts.

In 1984, Turner staged what ''Ebony'' magazine called an "amazing comeback". The album ''Private Dancer'' was released in June 1984, and the hit "Let's Stay Together" would be included on the album.

The second single, "What's Love Got to Do with It", peaked at number one in the US and number three in the UK. It became Turner's only number-one hit in the US.

The single hit the top ten in several European countries. ''Private Dancer'' went on to sell five million copies in the US, and a total of 11 million copies worldwide, though some sources stated the album has sold over twenty million making it her most successful album. Besides "Let's Stay Together" and "What's Love Got to Do With It", the album also yielded the singles "Better Be Good To Me" (US No. 5, UK No. 45); "Private Dancer" (US No. 7, UK No. 26); "I Can't Stand The Rain" (UK No. 57); and "Show Some Respect" (US No. 37). Turner would later win an MTV Video Music Award, two American Music Awards and four Grammy Awards. In February 1985, Turner embarked on her first solo world tour, the Private Dancer Tour, which saw her performing in North America, Asia, Europe, and Australia. She also collaborated on the USA For Africa song "We Are The World" which helped famine victims in Africa.

After the success of ''Private Dancer'', Turner accepted the role of Aunty Entity, the ruler of Bartertown, in the motion picture ''Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome''. Upon its release, the film grossed $36 million and Turner received the NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress. In July, Turner performed at Live Aid alongside Mick Jagger. In August, the first single "We Don't Need Another Hero" was released to promote the soundtrack for ''Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome''. The single became a hit for Turner, reaching number two in America and number three in the UK. The song received a Grammy nomination for Best Female Pop Vocal and received a nomination for a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song. The soundtrack was released and reached the top forty in the US and No. 47 in Canada, and sold one million copies worldwide. In October another Turner soundtrack single, "One of the Living" (US No. 15, UK No. 55), was released. It later won a Grammy Award for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance. In November, a new single was released entitled "It's Only Love", a duet with Bryan Adams. It received a Grammy nomination for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal.

Subsequent releases

Turner continued her widely successful solo career releasing the album, ''Break Every Rule'', in 1986. That same year, Turner published her autobiography, ''I, Tina'', which she talked about her early life and volatile marriage to Ike Turner. Later that summer, the singer received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Turner's ''Break Every Rule'' yielded the US singles of: "Typical Male", "Two People", "Back Where You Started", "What You Get Is What You See", "Break Every Rule", and "Afterglow". ("Typical Male" and "What You Get Is What You See" were the two singles to crack the US top twenty). The album sold approximately four million copies worldwide, with two million of those in the US. In March of the following year, Turner embarked on her Break Every Rule Tour in Munich, Germany. On January 16, 1988, Turner made history when she entered the Guinness World Records alongside Paul McCartney performing in front of the largest paying audience (over 184,000) to see a solo artist in Maracanã Stadium, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In April, Turner's double live album, ''Tina Live in Europe'', was released. In late 1989, Turner released her seventh studio album, ''Foreign Affair'', which included the international smash, "The Best". The single became one of Turner's signature singles. In 1990, she embarked on a hugely successful European tour to promote the album playing to nearly four million fans and touring over 121 shows in Europe.

In 1991, Ike and Tina Turner were inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame. Phil Spector accepted the award on their behalf. That same year, Turner released a compilation album, ''Simply the Best''. Her modern dance-pop cover of "Nutbush City Limits" hit the top thirty in the UK. In 1993, Turner's life story was turned into a box-office film, ''What's Love Got to Do with It?''. Based on ''I, Tina'', the film painted a dark picture of Turner's marriage to singer Ike Turner and her overcoming the marriage through Nichiren Buddhism and chanting Nam Myoho Renge Kyo. While the film was given mixed reviews, its leading actors Angela Bassett, who played Tina, and Laurence Fishburne, who played Ike, ended up with Academy Award nominations for Best Actress and Best Actor, respectively, for their roles. Turner supervised the film's soundtrack, re-recording several songs from her Ike Turner days including "A Fool in Love", "It's Gonna Work Out Fine", "Nutbush City Limits" and "Proud Mary", but otherwise remained uninvolved with the making of the film, and had no interest in seeing it, telling an interviewer "Why would I want to see Ike Turner beat me up again? I haven't dwelled on it; it's all in the past where it belongs." She recorded a cover of The Trammps' "Disco Inferno" and two newer songs, the Lulu cover, "I Don't Wanna Fight" and the R&B; ballad, "Why Must We Wait Until Tonight" (written by Bryan Adams). The soundtrack went platinum in America and yielded Turner's final top ten U.S. single, "I Don't Wanna Fight", which peaked at number nine. Later that year, Turner went out on a sold-out U.S. tour, her first in seven years, to promote the soundtrack. Afterwards, Turner moved to Switzerland and took a year off from the road at the end of the tour. In 1995, Turner returned to recording with the title track for the James Bond film, ''Goldeneye'', written by U2's Bono and The Edge. "Goldeneye" hit the top ten in several European countries. In 1996, Turner's ''Wildest Dreams'' album was released. Due to its later successful world tour and a commercial where she promoted Hanes hosiery, the album hit gold in the U.S. while it went platinum in Europe based on the success of singles such as "Whatever You Want", the cover of John Waite's "Missing You", "Something Beautiful Remains" and the Barry White duet, "In Your Wildest Dreams". In May 1996, Turner embarked on a year-long world tour which again broke concert ticket sales records. The tour lasted into April 1997 and grossed a combined total of $130 million in sales. At the end of the year, Turner and one of her musicians co-wrote an English version of the Italian ballad "Cose della vita" with Italian singer Eros Ramazzotti. Their duet became a European hit. In April 1999, Turner opened at the VH-1 special, ''Divas Live '99'', performing several of her 1980s hits and performing with both Elton John and Cher to "Proud Mary". Turner later remarked that she was recording a new album. In November 1999, Turner released the dance single "When the Heartache Is Over", its parent album, "Twenty Four Seven", was released in Europe the following month. In February 2000, the album was released in America and was certified Gold by the RIAA. Later that year, Turner went out on one of her most successful tours of her career. By tour's end, the Twenty Four Seven Tour had become the highest-grossing tour of 2000 according to Pollstar grossing over $100 million. Later, Guinness World Records announced that Turner had sold more concert tickets than any other solo concert performer in music history.

Recent years

In 2002, Tennessee State Route 19 between Brownsville and Nutbush was named "Tina Turner Highway". In 2003, she teamed up with Phil Collins to record the song "Great Spirits" for the Disney film ''Brother Bear''.

In 2004, Turner released a new compilation, ''All the Best'', and released the single "Open Arms". The song became a modestly successful European hit and a modest R&B; hit in America. In 2005, Turner briefly performed on shows such as ''The Oprah Winfrey Show'' and ''The View''. ''All the Best'' became Turner's first album to go platinum in the U.S. in over eleven years.

At the end of the year, Turner was recognized by the Kennedy Center Honors at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, D.C. and was elected to join an elite group of entertainers. President Bush commented on Turner's "natural skill, the energy and sensuality", and referred to her legs as "the most famous in show business". Several artists paid tribute to her that night including Oprah Winfrey, Melissa Etheridge (who performed "River Deep - Mountain High" , Queen Latifah (who performed "What's Love Got to Do with It?"), Beyoncé (who performed "Proud Mary"), and the Reverend Al Green (who performed "Let's Stay Together"). Winfrey stated, "We don't need another hero. We need more heroines like you, Tina. You make me proud to spell my name w-o-m-a-n," and "Tina Turner didn't just survive, she triumphed." In November, Turner released ''All the Best - Live Collection'' and it was certified platinum by the RIAA.

In early 2006, the ''All the Invisible Children'' soundtrack was released. Turner sang "Teach Me Again" from the ''All the Invisible Children'' soundtrack with Elisa charted at No. 1 in Italy. In May 2007, Turner returned to the stage to headline a benefit concert for the Cauldwell Children's Charity at London's Natural History Museum. This was her first full show in seven years. Jazz pianist Herbie Hancock released an album paying tribute to singer-songwriter Joni Mitchell, entitled ''River: The Joni Letters'' on September 25, 2007, on which Turner contributed her vocals to a version of "Edith and The Kingpin". On October 16, 2007, Carlos Santana released an album entitled ''Ultimate Santana'' which featured Turner singing "The Game of Love", a song originally intended for her to sing, but which was instead released by Santana with Michelle Branch due to demands from the recording label.

On December 12, 2007, Turner issued a brief statement through a spokesperson regarding the death of her former husband Ike Turner: "Tina hasn't had any contact with Ike in more than 30 years. No further comment will be made."

Turner performed with Beyoncé at the 50th Annual Grammy Awards in February 2008. It was Turner's first major public performance since her record-breaking Twenty-Four Seven Tour. In addition, she picked up a Grammy as a featured artist on ''River: The Joni Letters''. On May 5, 2008, she performed in a televised concert and interview for the Oprah show at Caesar's Place in Las Vegas with long time friend Cher.

Turner embarked on her Tina!: 50th Anniversary Tour on October 1, 2008, which began on in Kansas City, Missouri at the Sprint Center. The album, ''Tina!: Her Greatest Hits'', was released in support of the tour.

In 2009, Turner participated in the ''Beyond'' singing project with fellow musicians Regula Curti, Seda Bagcan and Dechen Shak Dagsay. This CD combined Buddhist chants and Christian choral music along with a spiritual message read by Turner. The album was released only in Germany and a handful of other countries.

A new live album was released by Parlophone in September 2009 entitled ''Tina Live''. The double disc set included the full concert recorded in the Netherlands as part of her 50th Anniversary Tour on DVD and selected tracks on CD. It is only Turner's second live album with the first, ''Tina Live in Europe'', being released twenty years previously in 1988.

In April 2010, Turner once again rose to the top of the UK and Scottish singles charts with her 1989 hit record ''The Best'', following an International campaign by her dedicated fans and the supporters of ''Rangers Football Club'' to send the hit to number one in the charts. It subsequently peaked at positions number nine in the UK Singles Chart, number nine in the UK Downloads Chart, and number one in the Scottish Chart.

Personal life

Tina is the younger of two sisters. Her elder sister, (Ruby) Alline Selico (December 1, 1936 – September 4, 2010), helped to contribute to her sister's recordings with Ike Turner, co-writing several songs including the charted hits, "Bold Soul Sister" and "Funkier than a Mosquito's Tweeter".

Turner also had a half-sister, Evelyn Currie, who died in a car crash alongside her cousin Margaret while Turner and Alline were teenagers. Turner barely knew her father, who moved to California after splitting from Turner's mother. Her mother also left Tennessee to live in St. Louis, leaving Turner and her sister to live with their grandmother. Turner stayed behind in Tennessee while sister Ruby (known to family and friends by her middle name), left Tennessee and moved to St. Louis to be near their mother. Turner spent some time as a domestic in Ripley.

In 1956, before Turner turned 17, her grandmother died. At the funeral, Turner was reunited with her mother, who offered to give her a new life in St. Louis. Turner's relationship with her mother grew estranged over the years. Turner, however, has said that the last times she talked to her mother, who died in October 1999, were on good terms.

Turner met Ike Turner in 1956 at a nightclub. Two years later she joined Ike's band. In 1958, a relationship with saxophonist Raymond Hill produced Turner's first child, Craig Bullock (renamed Craig Turner after Turner married Ike). A year later, Turner became romantically involved with Ike. She had Ike's baby; Ronnie Turner, born in 1960. After marrying Ike in 1962, Turner became the adoptive mother of two of Ike's previous children, Ike Jr. and Michael. Turner's much-publicized marriage to Ike was volatile and violent. Over the years Turner would accuse Ike of physically beating her, emotionally abusing her, raping her, and even stubbing cigarettes out on her body.

In 1968, Turner attempted suicide while on tour in Los Angeles, swallowing a reported 90 sleeping pills. She was rushed to the hospital and revived. Later, after still enduring Ike's abuse, a close friend introduced Turner to Buddhism in 1971. Three years later, Turner converted to the Buddhist faith. Finally, in July 1976, Tina left Ike after a violent altercation while en route to a hotel in Dallas, in which she was beaten by Ike. Turner sought refuge in a friend's apartment while Ike was searching for her.

After several months, Ike decided to stop searching. Turner filed for divorce and offered to leave Ike all the couple's monetary assets, but told the courts she wanted to keep the stage name Ike had given her in 1960, as she had worked very hard to make the name ''Tina Turner'' famous. The divorce was finalized in March 1978, and the courts allowed her to keep her stage name.

Awards and accolades

Turner was listed on ''Rolling Stone'''s list "The Immortals — The Greatest Artists of All Time". Turner is a Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductee, and two of her recordings, "River Deep - Mountain High" (1999) and "Proud Mary" (2003), are in the Grammy Hall of Fame. Turner has won 8 Grammy Awards.

Bryan Adams, who toured with her on the Private Dancer Tour, praised Turner's live performances, saying, "I never saw Tina walk through a performance, she always put on a great show, and was gracious and grateful to her audience."

Her legs were noted specifically as she was honored by President George W. Bush.

Discography

Studio albums

''Tina Turns the Country On!'' (1974)

''Acid Queen'' (1975)

''Rough'' (1978)

''Love Explosion'' (1979)

''Private Dancer'' (1984)

''Break Every Rule'' (1986)

''Foreign Affair'' (1989)

''Wildest Dreams'' (1996)

''Twenty Four Seven'' (1999)

Other albums

Soundtracks

''Tommy'' (1975)

''Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome'' (1985)

''What's Love Got to Do With It'' (1993)

Live albums

''Tina Live in Europe'' (1988)

''VH1 Divas Live '99'' (1999)

''Tina Live'' (2009)

Compilation albums

''Simply the Best'' (1991)

''The Collected Recordings'' (1994)

''All the Best'' (2004)

''Tina!'' (2008)

''The Platinum Collection'' (2009)

Tours

1978–1979: Wild Lady of Rock Tour

1980–1981: Various Shows

1982–1984: Nice 'n' Rough Tour

1985: Private Dancer Tour

1987–1988: Break Every Rule Tour

1990: Foreign Affair Tour

1993: What's Love? Tour

1996–1997: Wildest Dreams Tour

2000: Twenty Four Seven Tour

2008–2009: Tina!: 50th Anniversary Tour

Filmography

Film
Year	Film	Role	Notes
1970		Herself	Documentary
1971		Herself
1975		The Acid Queen
1976	''All This and World War II''	Herself	Documentary
1978		Our Guests at Heartland
1979	''John Denver and the Ladies''	Herself	Variety Show
1985	''Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome''	Auntie Entity	Won (1986) - NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture
		Herself	Singing voice for Angela Bassett, also archive footage
''Last Action Hero''	The Mayor
Television
Year	Title	Role	Notes
1966	''The Big T.N.T. Show''	Herself	Documentary
1970	''It's Your Thing''	Herself	Documentary
1971	''Soul to Soul''	Herself	Documentary
2000	''Ally McBeal''	Herself	cameo appearance one episode: "The Oddball Parade"

References

External links

Tina Turner's Entry on the St. Louis Walk of Fame

Category:1939 births Category:Actors from Missouri Category:Actors from Tennessee Category:African American female singers Category:African American rock musicians Category:African American singers Category:American Buddhists Category:American dancers Category:American expatriates in France Category:American expatriates in Germany Category:American expatriates in Switzerland Category:American expatriates in the United Kingdom Category:American people of European descent Category:American pop singers Category:American rhythm and blues singers Category:American rock singers Category:American singers of Native American descent Category:American soul singers Category:Converts to Buddhism Category:Female rock singers Category:Grammy Award winners Category:Ike & Tina Turner members Category:Living people Category:Music of St. Louis, Missouri Category:Musicians from Missouri Category:Musicians from Tennessee Category:People from Haywood County, Tennessee Category:People from St. Louis, Missouri Category:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees Category:Former Baptists

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Name	Ike Turner
Background	solo_singer
Birth name	Ike Wister Turner
Born	November 05, 1931Clarksdale, Mississippi, U.S.
Died	December 12, 2007San Marcos, California, U.S.
Spouse	FARY Taylor (?)Anna Mae Bullock (1962-78)Margaret Ann Thomas (1981-?)Jeanette Bazzell (1995-2007)Audrey Madison (?)
Instrument	Guitar, piano, vocals
Voice type	Bass
Genre	R&B;, funk, soul-blues, Memphis blues, rock and roll
Occupation	Musician
Years active	1951–2007
Associated acts	Tina Turner, The Ikettes, The Kings of Rhythm
Notable instruments	Fender Stratocaster }}

Ike Wister Turner (November 5, 1931 – December 12, 2007) was an American musician, bandleader, talent scout, and record producer. Considered to be one of the fathers of rock and roll, his first recording, "Rocket 88" by "Jackie Brenston and his Delta Cats," in 1951, is considered by some to be the "first rock and roll song" ever. However, he is best known for his work with his then wife Tina Turner as one half of the Ike & Tina Turner revue. Spanning a career that lasted half a century, Ike's repertoire included blues, soul, rock, and funk. Alongside his former wife, he was inducted to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1991 and in 2001 was inducted into the St. Louis Walk of Fame. Turner won two Grammy Awards. On August 5, 2010, Ike Turner was posthumously recognized by his Mississippi hometown. Clarksdale officials and music fans gathered to unveil two markers honoring Turner and his musical legacy. The unveilings coincided with the 23rd annual Sunflower River Blues and Gospel Festival, dedicated that year to "Rocket 88".

Biography

Turner was born in Clarksdale, Mississippi, on November 5, 1931, to Beatrice Cushenberry (1909–1991), a seamstress, and Izear Luster Turner, a Baptist minister. Ike was the younger of two siblings, he had an elder sister, named Ethel May. Ike got his first taste of pleasing an audience at the age of eight working at the local Clarksdale radio station, WROX, located in the Alcazar Hotel in downtown Clarksdale. A man in charge of the station put Turner to work as he watched the record turntables. Said Turner:

Turner was soon carrying amplifiers for blues singer Robert Nighthawk, who often played live on WROX. Ike was mesmerized by Nighthawk's playing, but nothing could equal the experience of hearing Pinetop Perkins on piano for the first time. Growing up, his idol Pinetop Perkins helped teach the young Ike to play boogie-woogie on the piano. Ike soon was enamored of other blues artists such as Howlin' Wolf, Sonny Boy Williamson II (Rice Miller), Charley Booker, Elmore James, Muddy Waters and Little Walter

Many sources state Turner's real name to be "Izear Luster Turner, Jr." however, in his autobiography ''Takin' Back My Name'', it is stated as "Ike Wister Turner." In the book, Turner explains about this confusion. His father, Izear Luster Turner, was a minister for the local church. Turner had thought he was named Izear Luster Turner, Jr. after his father, until he found out that his name was registered as Ike Wister Turner while applying for his first passport. He never got to discover the origin of his name, as by the time he discovered it, his parents were both dead.

Music career

Ike Turner's actual music career began in earnest in the late 1940s when he formed a group he christened ''The Kings of Rhythm''. In 1951, the band recorded what some historians have called "the first rock and roll record", "Rocket 88", credited to "Jackie Brenston and His Delta Cats". Brenston was both the band's saxophonist and the lead vocalist on the song, and on the original Chess release was listed as its writer. "Rocket 88" was produced at Sun Studio in Memphis by Sam Phillips. The record contained one of the first examples of guitar distortion, which happened by accident as a result of one of the amplifiers being dropped before the recording. The amplifier was sitting on top of a car which was occupied by a band member; when the band member got out and closed the door, the amplifier slid off and the speaker was punctured. The amplifier was brought inside and was fixed with a piece of paper and tape, which ended up creating the distortion. The amplifier stands in Sun Records in Memphis Tennessee today.

Ike and the Kings of Rhythm settled into local fame in St. Louis where the band locally recorded for a St. Louis label and even appeared on local television shows. Throughout this early period, Turner became a recording scout and A&R; man for independent record companies including Sun Records - where "Rocket 88" was recorded, helping the likes of Howlin' Wolf, Sonny Boy Williamson, Elmore James and Otis Rush get signed. He also became a sideman playing guitar for these blues acts and more. Musically, Turner was known for his hard-hitting guitar style. He was known to put the whammy bar of his Fender Stratocaster to frequent use.

Turner's "Risin; With the Blues" was nominated for the 7th Annual Independent Music Awards for Blues Album of the year.

Tina Turner

Turner's music career changed drastically after meeting a teenage singer from Nutbush, Tennessee, named Anna Mae Bullock, who demandingly grabbed a microphone during a singing session at one of St. Louis' nightspots and sang a B. B. King song in her throaty, raspy voice. Bullock's performance impressed Ike so much he allowed her to join his band as a background singer. However within a year, Ike's plans for Bullock changed after she recorded what he originally stated was a demo for a song that was to be sung by a male vocalist. After hearing her vocals, he let it be released under an independent label and in the process changed the name of the singer from Anna Mae Bullock to Tina Turner - naming her after ''Sheena'' - and the name of the band to the ''Ike & Tina Turner Revue''. "A Fool in Love" became a national hit in early 1960, reaching the top three in the R&B; charts and becoming a top thirty pop hit in the process. From then until 1976, Ike and Tina Turner became one of the most explosive duos in rock and soul music. During this time Ike often wore conservative suits and had a large afro. The creation of the revue also led to the soul revues of the 1960s. Inspired by Ray Charles, Turner employed a trio of background singers, The Ikettes, who often had their moves choreographed by Ike and Tina. The Turners eventually scored several hit singles including Rose Marie McCoy's "It's Gonna Work Out Fine", the Phil Spector produced "River Deep - Mountain High", scorching covers of Sly & the Family Stone's "I Want To Take You Higher", Creedence Clearwater Revival's "Proud Mary", and the Tina Turner-penned "Nutbush City Limits" over thirteen years.

The success the duo contributed eventually led to the creation of the Los Angeles-based Bolic Sounds studio, founded by Ike. However, after Tina abruptly left Ike after a violent incident in 1976, Ike lost ground in the national music market. As a solo artist he struggled to find success without Tina, and later, found himself facing drug and weapons charges, of which he was convicted in 1989. He was released from prison in 1993. Ike was met at the prison gate by Jeanette Bazzell who later became his wife. With Jeanette's support, Ike enjoyed a long period of sobriety. Jeanette was instrumental in helping Ike rebuild his career. She replaced Tina as Ike's lead singer and eventually they toured the world playing many blues festivals. Ike received intense negative publicity due to his portrayal as a wife abuser in Tina's 1993 autobiographical movie ''What's Love Got to Do with It''. During this time he recorded two solo albums in his own studio, and he wrote his autobiography called ''Taking Back My Name''. He also re-recorded "I'm Blue (The Gong Gong Song)" in a duet style with Singer, Billy Rogers. The Ike Turner & Billy Rogers remake of the song "I'm Blue" as produced by Billy Rogers received very strong reviews from Billboard Magazine, Larry Flick, Singles Reviews published January 14, 1995.

In 2001, Ike released the Grammy-nominated ''Here & Now'' album. Three years later, he was awarded with a Heroes Award from the Memphis charter of NARAS. In 2005, he appeared on the Gorillaz' album, ''Demon Days'', playing piano on the track, "Every Planet We Reach Is Dead". In 2007, Ike won his first solo Grammy in the Best Traditional Blues Album category for the album, ''Risin' With the Blues'' which was mixed at Future Sound Studios by Rene Van Verseveld. Before his death, a collaboration between Turner and the rock band, The Black Keys, by Gorillaz' producer Danger Mouse was expected in 2008.

Personal life

Turner was married at least five times. He sometimes claimed to have been married thirteen times. Turner's first known marriage was to Lorraine Taylor, who had two sons with Ike. The facts surrounding his second known marriage, to Tina Turner (Anna Mae Bullock), have been hotly debated, along with the accusations of abuse. Their divorce was finalized in 1978. Ike married former Ikette Ann Thomas in the early 1980s. In 1995, he married blues singer Jeanette Bazzell after years of courtship. Ike and Jeanette divorced in 2001 but remained friends. Their relationship lasted longer than the Ike and Tina union. Ike still trusted Jeanette and relied on her. In 2006, he married long-time music collaborator Audrey Madison. Ike has six known children: sons Ike Jr. and Michael (with Lorraine Taylor) and Ronald (with Tina Turner), and daughter Mia (with Ann Thomas). Mia Turner was conceived and born during Ike's marriage to Tina in the late 1960s. Tina's son Craig (fathered by legendary saxophonist Raymond Hill) carries the Turner name. Ike also has two other daughters: Linda Trippeter, who is the eldest; and Twanna Turner Melby, who took him in after he was released from prison.

In the mid-1980s, Turner was convicted of drug-related charges and sentenced to several years in a California state prison. Ike and Tina were inducted to the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame in 1991, which Phil Spector accepted on their behalf.

In 2001, Turner's autobiography, ''Takin' Back My Name'', was published. In Tina Turner's 1986 autobiography, ''I, Tina'', later filmed as ''What's Love Got to Do with It?'' starring Laurence Fishburne as Ike and Angela Bassett as Tina, Tina accused Ike of violent spousal abuse, which Ike repeatedly denied for many years. However, in his 2001 autobiography Ike admitted, "Sure, I've slapped Tina... There have been times when I punched her to the ground without thinking. But I have never beat her."

During his interview with NPR's Terry Gross on ''Fresh Air'', Ike claimed that he and Tina Turner were never married, and that she took his name in order to discourage a former lover from returning to her. On October 17, 2007, in an interview conducted by radio personality Howard Stern, Ike reiterated his claim that he and Tina Turner were never actually married.

Death

Turner died on December 12, 2007, at 76 years of age, at his home in San Marcos, California, near San Diego. He was found by his ex-wife Ann Thomas. Little Richard was asked by the family to speak at the funeral. On January 16, 2008 it was reported by the San Diego County Medical Examiner's Office that Turner had died from a cocaine overdose. "The cause of death for Ike Turner is cocaine toxicity with other significant conditions, such as hypertensive cardiovascular disease and pulmonary emphysema," Supervising Medical Examiner Investigator Paul Parker told CNN.

Discography

1951: Rocket "88", recorded at Sam Phillips' studio in Memphis, Tennessee, on 3 or 5 March 1951 (Ike Turner and his band, the Kings of Rhythm; with Jackie Brenston, saxophonist and occasional singer, credited as writer)

1969: ''Ike Turner & the Kings of Rhythm: A Black Man's Soul''

1972: ''Ike Turner & the Family Vibes: Strange Fruit''

1994: ''I'm Blue (Gong Gong Song REMAKE (Ike Turner & Billy Rogers CD)''

1996: ''My Blues Country''

2001: ''Here and Now''

2007: ''Rising with the Blues''

Ike & Tina Turner

References

External links

Obituary (14 December 2007) at timesonline.co.uk

Category:1931 births Category:2007 deaths Category:African American musicians Category:American bandleaders Category:Memphis blues musicians Category:American blues pianists Category:American funk musicians Category:American record producers Category:American rhythm and blues guitarists Category:American rhythm and blues singer-songwriters Category:American rock guitarists Category:American singer-songwriters Category:American soul musicians Category:American baritones Category:Blues Hall of Fame inductees Category:Blues musicians from Mississippi Category:Chess Records artists Category:Cocaine-related deaths in California Category:Grammy Award winners Category:Ike & Tina Turner members Category:Musicians from Mississippi Category:People from Clarksdale, Mississippi Category:People from Memphis, Tennessee Category:Rhythm and blues pianists Category:Soul-blues musicians Category:Sun Records artists Category:RPM Records artists Category:Flair Records artists Category:Sue Records artists Category:Tina Turner

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