Coordinates	56°09′″N40°25′″N
Official name	City of Gary, Indiana
Settlement type	City
Nickname	City in Motion, City of the Century, GI, Magic City of Steel, The Steel City, The G
Motto	''We Are Doing Great Things''
Image seal	Gary Seal.png
Map caption	Location in the state of Indiana, U.S.
Coordinates display	inline,title
Coordinates region	US-IN
Subdivision type	Country
Subdivision name	United States
Subdivision type1	State
Subdivision name1	Indiana
Subdivision type2	County
Subdivision name2	Lake
Government type	Council-Strong Mayor
Leader title	Mayor
Leader name	Rudolph Clay (D)
Established title	Founded
Established date	July 14, 1906
Area magnitude	1 E8
Area total sq mi	57.24
Area land sq mi	50.23
Area water sq mi	7.01
Population total	80,294
Population as of	2010
Population density sq mi	1598.5
Timezone	CST
Utc offset	–6
Timezone dst	CDT
Utc offset dst	–5
Coordinates footnotes
Elevation footnotes
Elevation ft	607
Website	http://www.gary.in.us/
Postal code type	ZIP codes
Postal code	46401-46411
Area code	219
Blank name	FIPS code
Blank info	18-27000
Blank1 name	GNIS feature ID
Blank1 info	2394863
Footnotes	}}

Gary is a city in Lake County, Indiana, United States. The city is in the southeastern portion of the Chicago metropolitan area and is 25 miles from downtown Chicago. The population is 80,294 at the 2010 census, making it the seventh-largest city in the state. It borders Lake Michigan and is best known for its large steel mills. Gary is adjacent to the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore.

History

The city was founded in 1906 by the United States Steel Corporation as the home for its new plant. The city was named after the lawyer and founding chairman of U.S. Steel, Elbert H. Gary.

Gary's fortunes have risen and fallen with those of the steel industry. The growth of the steel industry brought prosperity to the community. Broadway Avenue was known as a commercial center for the region. Department stores and architecturally significant movie houses were built in the downtown area and the Glen Park neighborhood.

In the 1960s, like many other American urban centers reliant on one particular industry, Gary entered a spiral of decline. Gary's decline was brought on by the growing overseas competitiveness in the steel industry, which had caused U.S. Steel to lay off many workers from the Gary area. As the city declined, crime increased.

Rapid racial change occurred in Gary during the late 20th century. These population changes resulted in political change which reflected the racial diversity of Gary. Gary had one of the nation's first African-American mayors, Richard G. Hatcher, and hosted the ground-breaking 1972 National Black Political Convention.

In the 1960s through 1980s, surrounding suburban localities such as Merrillville, experienced rapid growth including new homes and shopping districts. Due to white flight, economic distress, concerns about crime, and alleged mismanagement, many middle-class and affluent residents moved to other cities in the metro area such as Chicago and surrounding areas in Lake and Porter Counties in Indiana.

In the late 1990s and early 2000s, Gary had the highest percentage of African Americans of U.S. cities with a population of 100,000 or more, 84% (as of the 2000 U.S. census). This no longer applies to Gary since the population of the city has now fallen well below 100,000 residents.

U.S. Steel continues to be a major steel producer, but with only a fraction of its former level of employment. While Gary has failed to reestablish a manufacturing base since its population peak, two casinos opened along the Gary lakeshore in the 1990s although this has been aggravated by the state closing of Rt.912 (Cline Ave.), an important access to the area. Today, Gary faces numerous difficulties, including unemployment, decaying infrastructure, low literacy and educational attainment levels.

Recent history

2006

Three-term Democratic Mayor Scott King resigned from office in March 2006, citing a desire to return to private law practice. Then-deputy mayor and former Calumet Township Trustee Dozier T. Allen Jr. became acting mayor, pending a formal election by local Democratic party officials. On April 4, 2006, local officials chose former Lake County Commissioner and King rival Rudolph Clay to fill the remaining 21 months of King's term.

The Gary Chicago International Airport secured nearly 100 million US$ in grants and private donations. The FAA approved GYY's master plan which includes the expansion of runways, land acquisition for a larger terminal, an integrated transportation center, and provision for a third runway. The first part of the plan requires that the EJ&E; line, which runs at the end of the runway, be relocated.

Dallas-based HomeVestors of America released its "Top 10 Markets for Real Estate Investing" list on December 9, 2006. Gary earned the number one position on this list, which represents activity of investors who purchase homes below market and then sell.

After celebrating its 100th year in 2006, the city of Gary presented several examples of progress and economic rebound, after years of economic depression. Many buildings that have been left vacant for years are now finally slated for demolition and development. Many new homes were built through the HOPE VI grant from HUD.

2007

Gary was rated the 17th most dangerous city in the United States according to Morgan Quitno's 2007 analysis of crime rates (''City Crime Rankings, 14th Edition''), down from 10th highest in the 2006 edition. The city recorded 51 homicides in 2006, a 13.5 percent decrease from the previous year.

2008

''Forbes'' Magazine listed Gary 39th on their Top 100 Best Cities for Jobs in 2008. The ranking was up from 89th in 2006 and 84th in 2007.

In March 2008 the Chief of Police, Deputy Chief and a police sergeant were all indicted by the federal court for violating the civil rights of a Gary resident.

2011

Property tax limitations implemented for the entire state of Indiana have left Gary in a financially difficult situation. The city is one of the few in the US that uses cash based accounting, a system usually limited to use in very small businesses and not municipalities with budgets greater than 80 million dollars. Gary currently is under temporary reprieve from full implementation of the state tax caps, an implementation that is scheduled to be applied to Gary in 2012. At that point Gary's property tax revenue of approximately $60M is projected to be cut to approximately $30M. The budget changes necessary at that point are widely viewed to be devastating. Due to its cash accounting system, there is difficulty determining what Gary's one-time liabilities are. In late 2009, they are at least $34M in debts and unpaid judgments by the city to various parties in addition to the upcoming projected structural deficit due to mandatory tax caps.

In April 2011, 75 year-old mayor Rudy Clay announced that he would be suspending his campaign for re-election, owing to ongoing treatments for prostate cancer. After exiting from the race, Clay endorsed rival Karen Freeman-Wilson, who won the Democratic mayoral primary in May.

Neighborhoods

West

Ambridge Mann is located on Gary's near west side along 5th Avenue. Ambridge was developed for workers at the nearby steel plant in the 1910s and 1920s, and is named after the American Bridge Works, which was a subsidiary of U.S. Steel. The neighborhood is home to a huge stock of prairie style and art deco homes. The Gary Masonic Temple is located in the neighborhood along with the Ambassador Apartment building. Located just south of Interstate 90, the neighborhood can be seen while passing Buchanan Street. Brunswick is located on Gary's far west side. The neighborhood is located just south of Interstate 90 and can be seen from the expressway. The Brunswick area includes the Tri-City Plaza shopping center on West 5th Avenue (U.S. 20). The area is south of the Gary Chicago International Airport. Downtown Gary was developed in the 1920s and houses several pieces of impressive architecture, including several structures designed by Frank Lloyd Wright. A 6,000-seat minor league baseball stadium for the Gary SouthShore RailCats, U.S. Steel Yard, was constructed in 2002, along with contiguous commercial space. A significant number of older structures have been demolished in recent years, but a number of abandoned buildings remain in the downtown area, including historic structures like Union Station and City Methodist Church. Interstate 90 divides downtown Gary from the United States Steel Plant.

Tolleston is one of Gary's oldest neighborhoods, predating much of the rest of the city. It was plated out by George Tolle in 1857, when the railroads came to the area. The area is to the west of Midtown and south of Ambridge Mann. Tarrytown is a subdivision located in Tolleston between Whitcomb Street and Clark Road.

South

Black Oak is located on the far southwest side of Gary, in the vicinity of the Burr Street exit to the Borman Expressway. It was annexed in the 1970s. Prior to that, Black Oak was an unincorporated area informally associated with Hammond, and the area has Hammond telephone numbers. The community was convinced (after 3 previously failed attempts) by Mayor Hatcher that its residents would benefit from better services, provided by the city, than those provided by the county. It is the only majority-white neighborhood in Gary.

Glen Park is located on Gary's far south side, and is made up mostly of mid-twentieth century houses. Glen Park is divided from the remainder of the city by the Borman Expressway. The northern portion of Glen Park is home to Gary's Gleason Park Golf Course and the campus of Indiana University Northwest. The far western portion of Glen Park is home to the Village Shopping Center. Glen Park includes the 37th Avenue corridor at Broadway.

Midtown is located to the south of Downtown Gary, along Broadway. This was, traditionally, the original "black" neighborhood in the pre-1960s days of segregation.

North and East

Aetna is located on Gary's far east side along the Dunes Highway. Aetna predates the city of Gary. It was a company town founded in 1881 by the Aetna Powder Works, an explosives company, which closed with the end of World War I. The Town of Aetna was annexed in 1928 around the same time Gary annexed the Town of Miller. A building boom happened shortly afterward in the late 1920s and early 1930s making Aetna home to an impressive collection of art deco architecture. The rest of the community was built throughout the 1950s after the Korean War in a series of phases. On its south and east, Aetna borders the undeveloped floodplain of the Little Calumet River.

Miller Beach, also known through the years as Miller Station or just simply as Miller, is on Gary's far east side. Incorporated as an independent town in 1907, Miller was annexed by the city of Gary in 1918. Miller developed around the old stagecoach stop and train station known, as early as the 1840s, as Miller's Junction. The Miller Beach area has remained somewhat separated from the rest of Gary both culturally and geographically. Miller Beach continues to be racially and economically diverse, and attracts investor interest due to the many year-round and summer homes within walking distance of Marquette Park and Lake Michigan. Prices for lakefront property are affordable compared with Illinois suburban communities. Lake Street provides shopping and dining options for Miller Beach visitors and residents. East Edge, a development of 28 upscale condominium, townhome, and single-family homes, began construction in 2007 at the eastern edge of Miller Beach along County Line Road, one block south of Lake Michigan.

Geography and Climate

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, of it is land and of it (12.25%) is water. The city sits on the southern end of the former lake bed of the prehistoric Lake Chicago, and the current Lake Michigan. Most of the city's soil nearly one foot below the surface is pure sand. The sand beneath Gary, and on its beaches, is of such high quality that in years past it was mined for the manufacture of glass. Gary has many statues of Elbert H. Gary in the city. It also has a lot of historical sites to visit. Gary is "T" shaped, with its northern border on Lake Michigan. At the Northwesternmost section Gary borders Hammond and East Chicago. Miller Beach, its easternmost neighborhood, borders Lake Station and Portage. Gary's southernmost section borders Hobart and Merrillville.

Climate

Although Gary is located at a roughly similar latitude as New York City, the climate is colder in the winter because of a more continental influence. In July and August, the warmest months, high temperatures average 84 °F (29 °C) and peak just above 100 °F (38 °C) and low temperatures average 63 °F (17 °C). In January and February, the coldest months, high temperatures average around 29 °F (−2 °C) and low temperatures average 13 °F (−11 °C), with at least a few days of temperatures dipping below 0 °F (−18 °C). The weather of Gary is greatly regulated by its proximity to Lake Michigan, as it sits at the lake's southernmost point. Weather varies yearly. In summer months Gary is humid. The city's yearly precipitation averages about 40 inches. Summer is the rainiest season. Winters vary but are predominantly snowy with regular blizzards. Snowfall in Gary can average 24 to 36 inches per winter, but sometimes large blizzards hit because of "lake effect snow", a phenomenon wherein large amounts of water evaporated from the lake deposits onto the shoreline areas inordinate amounts of snow.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 102,746 people, 38,244 households, and 25,623 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,045.5 people per square mile (789.8/km²). There were 43,630 housing units at an average density of 868.6 per square mile (335.4/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 84.03% African American, 11.92% White, 0.21% Native American, 0.14% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 1.97% from other races, and 1.71% from two or more races. 4.93% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. The U.S. census figures show that Gary had a population of 80,294 for the 2010 census, a nearly 20% drop compared to the 2000 census.

There were 38,244 households out of which 31.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 30.2% were married couples living together, 30.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.0% were non-families. 28.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.28.

In the city the population was spread out with 29.9% under the age of 18, 10.1% from 18 to 24, 25.1% from 25 to 44, 22.2% from 45 to 64, and 12.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 84.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $27,195, and the median income for a family was $32,205. Males had a median income of $34,992 versus $24,432 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,383. About 22.2% of families and 25.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 37.9% of those under age 18 and 14.1% of those age 65 or over.

City and Community Services

Parks

Brunswick Park

Marquette Park

Pittman Square

Gleason Park

Jefferson Park

Buffington Park

Hillman Park

Medical Facilities

Gary Community Health Center and Adult and Children's General Dentist 1021 West 5th Avenue, Gary, IN 46402

Methodist Hospital 600 Grant Street, Gary, IN 46402-6099

Rainbow Medical Center 1465 West 16th Avenue, Gary, IN 46407-1025

Education

There are three school districts serving the city as well as multiple charter schools located within the city.

Public Schools

Most public schools in Gary are administered by the Gary Community School Corporation. The other public schools within the city are administered by Lake Ridge Schools Corporation, which is the school system for the Black Oak neighborhood and unincorporated Calumet Township. Due to annexation law, Black Oak residents retained their original school system and were not required to attend Gary public schools. Some Gary residents in the eastern edge of the community attend schools administered by the River Forest Community School Corporation.

Charter Schools

Charter schools in Indiana, including those in Gary, are granted charters by one of a small number of chartering institutions. Indiana charter schools are generally managed in cooperation between the chartering institution, a local board of parents and community members, salaried school administrators, and a management company. Charter schools in Gary as of 2011 include KIPP Lead College Prep Charter School, Thea Bowman Leadership Academy, Charter School of the Dunes, Gary Lighthouse Charter School, Twenty-first Century, and West Gary Lighthouse Charter School.

Higher Education

Gary is home to two regional state college campuses:

Indiana University Northwest

Ivy Tech Community College Northwest

Public Libraries

The Gary Public Library System consists of the main library at 220 West 5th Avenue and several branches: Brunswick Branch, W. E. B. DuBois Branch, J. F. Kennedy Branch, Tolleston Branch, and Woodson Branch. In March 2011, the Gary Library Board voted to close the main library on 5th Avenue and the Tolleston branch in what officials said was their best economic option. The main library will close by the end of 2011. Lake County Public Library operates the Black Oak Branch at 5921 West 25th Avenue in the Gary city limits. In addition Indiana University Northwest operates the Indiana University Northwest Library on its campus.

Public Safety

Gary is served by the Gary Police Department and Gary Fire Department. Gary is also served by the Lake County Sheriff's Department.

Transportation

NICTD (Northern Indiana Commuter Transportation District) operates the South Shore Line, a commuter rail system (one of the United States' last original operating interurban railway systems), running between Chicago and South Bend.

GPTC (Gary Public Transportation Corporation) a commuter bus system that offers service to numerous stops throughout the city and neighboring suburbs. GPTC also has express service to locations outside of the city including connections to Chicago transit. Front door pickup is available for disabled citizens at no extra cost.

GYY (Gary/Chicago International Airport) is operating as the "third airport" for the Chicago area. It is currently undergoing much federally funded expansion, and the administration is courting airlines aggressively. Boeing already bases their corporate fleets here. The National Guard is intending to base their Chicago area air operation there as well, which would add much needed security to the airport, taking away some of the stigma of an airport in Gary.

Interstate 90 (Indiana Toll Road), Interstate 80, Interstate 94, and Interstate 65 run through Gary, as well as U.S. Routes 12 and 20, Indiana State Road 912/Cline Avenue and a former stretch of Indiana State Road 312 now decommissioned.

Culture

Arts and movies

The 1996 urban gangster movie ''Original Gangstas'' was filmed in Gary, Indiana. The movie starred Pam Grier, Jim Brown, Fred Williamson, Richard Roundtree and Isabel Sanford, among others. Since the early 2000's Gary has experienced a surge of Hollywood filmakers wishing to shot movies in the city. In 2009 scenes for the remake of ''A Nightmare On Elm Street'' were filmed in Gary. Scenes from ''Transformers: Dark of the Moon'' wrapped up filming on August 16, 2010.

The History channel documentary, Life After People was filmed in run-down and derelict parts of Gary, Indiana.

Meredith Willson's 1957 Broadway musical ''The Music Man'' featured the song "Gary, Indiana,", and described Gary Conservatory as the alleged alma mater of lead character Professor Harold Hill ("Gary Music Conservatory, Class of '05!"). The joke in Hill's claim, of course, is that the City of Gary wasn't founded until 1906. Willson's musical, set in 1912, later was the basis of a film (1962) and a made-for-television film (2003).

Sports

The following sports franchises are based in Gary:

The Gary SouthShore RailCats are an American Association, professional baseball team. The team plays in Gary's U.S. Steel Yard baseball stadium. The RailCats played in the Northern League from 2002 until 2010 and were the 2005 and 2007 Northern League Champions.

The Gary Splash are an International Basketball League, professional basketball team. The team plays in Gary's Genesis Convention Center. Formerly the Gary Steelheads played in the IBL, CBA, USBL and IBL.

Sister city

Fuxin, People's Republic of China

Notable natives and residents

Gary is the hometown of the Jackson family, a family of musicians who influenced the sound of modern popular music. Joe and Katherine Jackson originally moved into their two bedroom house at 2300 Jackson St. in Gary, Indiana, after they got married on November 5, 1949. The famous siblings would later record a song entitled "2300 Jackson Street" in the 1990s.

Members of the Jackson family include:

*Maureen Reillette "Rebbie" Jackson (born May 29, 1950)

*Sigmund Esco "Jackie" Jackson (born May 4, 1951)

*Toriano Adaryll "Tito" Jackson (born October 15, 1953)

*Jermaine La Jaune Jackson (born December 11, 1954)

*La Toya Yvonne Jackson (born May 29, 1956)

*Marlon David Jackson (born March 12, 1957)

*Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009)

*Steven Randall "Randy" Jackson (born October 29, 1961)

*Janet Damita Jo Jackson (born May 16, 1966)

Other notables include

Dan Barreiro, sports radio talk show host

Albert M. Bielawski, former Michigan State Representative

Frank Borman (born 1928), astronaut on Gemini 7 and Apollo 8, former CEO of Eastern Air Lines

Avery Brooks (born 1948), (born in Evansville) actor, director, best known for ''Star Trek: Deep Space Nine''

Karen Freeman-Wilson, former Indiana Attorney General, attorney, politician

Freddie Gibbs, rapper

LaTroy Hawkins (born December 21, 1972) MLB Pitcher for the Milwaukee Brewers

Gerald Irons, former NFL star, Oakland Raiders

Tank Johnson, NFL star

Alex Karras, former NFL star, actor in ''Blazing Saddles''

Robert Kearns, inventor of the intermittent windshield wiper systems.

Ron Kittle, former Chicago White Sox outfielder and 1983 American League Rookie of the Year recipient

Bob Kuechenberg, former NFL star, guard on 1972 Miami Dolphins perfect season team

Karl Malden (1912–2009), (born in Chicago) Oscar winning actor

William Marshall, actor

Brandon Moore (born 1980), NFL guard for the New York Jets

Dan Plesac (born 1962), former Major League Baseball pitcher with an 18-year career, now a MLB Network analyst

Glenn Robinson (born 1973), former NBA basketball player

Paul Samuelson (1915–2009), economist, recipient of the John Bates Clark Medal (1947) and the Nobel prize (1970)

Joseph Stiglitz (born 1943), economist, recipient of the John Bates Clark Medal (1979) and the Nobel prize (2001)

Ernest Lee Thomas, actor

Deniece Williams (born 1950), Grammy Award winning R&B; artist

Fred Williamson, former NFL star, actor, director, producer

Tony Zale (1913–1997), middleweight champion of the world twice

Business and Industry

Media

Newspapers – Gary is served by two major newspapers based outside the city, as well as a Gary-based, largely African-American interest paper. These papers provide regional topics, and cover events in Gary.

*''The Post-Tribune'', originally the Gary Post-Tribune, is now based in Merrillville, a suburb of Gary.

*''The Times'', previously known as the ''Hammond Times''. Offices and facilities for ''The Times'' are in nearby Munster.

*''The Gary Crusader'', based in Gary and largely focused on black or African-American interests and readership.

*''The INFO Newspaper'', based in Gary and largely focused on black or (African-American) interests and readership.

The ''Chicago Tribune'' and the ''Chicago Sun-Times'' are also prevalent in Gary.

Broadcast – Gary is served by five local broadcasters plus government access and numerous Chicago area radio and TV stations, and by other nearby stations in Illinois and Indiana.

WHNW-LD (Channel 18) a repeater of LeSEA's WHME in South Bend.

*WPWR (Channel 50) is the Chicago My Network TV affiliate, but is licensed to Gary. Studios and transmitters are co-located with WFLD's in Chicago, and like WFLD, WPWR is owned by Fox Television Stations.

*WYIN (Channel 56) is a PBS affiliate licensed to Gary. Their studios are in Merrillville.

*WGVE (FM 88.7) is owned by the Gary Community School Corporation, and is used primarily as a teaching facility. Programming is maintained by students in the broadcast program at the Gary Career Center. WGVE also carries limited NPR programming.

*WLTH (AM 1370) carries syndicated talk programming, and is owned by Pluria Marshall Jr.

*WWCA (AM 1270) is presently a Relevant Radio owned-and-operated radio station, carrying programming from the Catholic-oriented Relevant Radio network.

See also

Chicago Metropolitan Area

Northwest Indiana

References

External links

City of Gary, Indiana website

Photos of abandoned buildings in Gary, IN 2011

Photos galleries of Gary, Indiana from 2005

U.S. Steel Gary Works Photograph Collection, 1906–1971

MillerBeachDays

Dave's Den – providing extensive coverage on the history and development of the City of Gary

More current photos of Gary's buildings

Gary at night

Category:Chicago metropolitan area Category:Cities in Indiana Category:Populated places in Lake County, Indiana Category:Northwest Indiana Category:Port settlements in the United States Category:Populated places established in 1906 Category:Populated places on the Great Lakes Category:Populated places in Indiana with African American majority populations Category:Company towns in Indiana

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Coordinates	56°09′″N40°25′″N
name	Gary Moore
background	solo_singer
birth name	Robert William Gary Moore
born	April 04, 1952Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
died	February 06, 2011Estepona, Malaga Province, Spain
instrument	Vocals, guitar, bass guitar, keyboards, harmonica
genre	Blues-rock, hard rock, heavy metal, blues, jazz fusion
occupation	Musician, songwriter, producer
years active	1969–2011
label	Virgin, Eagle
associated acts	Skid Row, Thin Lizzy, Colosseum II, Phil Lynott, Greg Lake, BBM
website
notable instruments	Gary Moore Signature Les PaulFender Stratocaster }}

Robert William Gary Moore (4 April 1952 – 6 February 2011), better known simply as Gary Moore, was a British musician from Belfast, best recognised as a blues rock guitarist and singer.

In a career dating back to the 1960s, Moore played with artists including Phil Lynott and Brian Downey during his teens, leading him to membership with the Irish rock band Thin Lizzy on three separate occasions. Moore shared the stage with such blues and rock luminaries as B.B. King, Albert King, Colosseum II, George Harrison, Greg Lake and Skid Row (not to be confused with the hard rock band of the same name), as well as having a successful solo career. He guested on a number of albums recorded by high profile musicians, including a cameo appearance playing the lead guitar solo on "She's My Baby" from ''Traveling Wilburys Vol. 3''.

Moore died of a heart attack in his hotel room while on holiday in Estepona, Spain, in February 2011.

Early life and career

Moore started performing at a young age, having picked up a battered acoustic guitar (a Framus guitar ) at the age of eight. He got his first quality guitar at the age of 14, learning to play the right-handed instrument in the standard way despite being left-handed. He moved to Dublin in 1968 at the age of 16. His early musical influences were artists such as Albert King, Elvis Presley, The Shadows and The Beatles. Later, having seen Jimi Hendrix and John Mayall's Bluesbreakers in his home town of Belfast, his own style was developing into a blues-rock sound that would be the dominant form of his career in music.

Moore's greatest influence in the early days was guitarist Peter Green of Fleetwood Mac who was a mentor to Moore when performing in Dublin. Green's continued influence on Moore was later repaid as a tribute to Green on his 1995 album ''Blues for Greeny'', an album consisting entirely of Green compositions. On this tribute album, Moore played Green's 1959 Les Paul Standard guitar which Green had lent to Moore after leaving Fleetwood Mac. Moore ultimately purchased the guitar, at Green's request, so that "it would have a good home".

While less popular in the US, Moore's work "brought substantial acclaim and commercial success in most other parts of the world – especially in Europe". Throughout his career, Moore was recognised as an influence by many notable guitarists including Vivian Campbell, Patrick Rondat, John Norum, Paul Gilbert , Gus G, Joe Bonamassa, Adrian Smith, Zakk Wylde, Randy Rhoads, John Sykes, John Norum and Kirk Hammett

He collaborated with a broad range of artists including George Harrison, Trilok Gurtu, Dr. Strangely Strange, Colosseum II, Travelling Wilburys, Albert Collins, Jimmy Nail, Mo Foster, Ginger Baker, Jack Bruce, Jim Capaldi, B.B. King, Bob Dylan, Vicki Brown, Cozy Powell, Rod Argent, the Beach Boys, Ozzy Osbourne, Paul Rodgers, Keith Emerson, Roger Daltrey, Albert King and together with Colosseum II with Andrew Lloyd Webber on the composer's ''Variations'' album in 1978. He experimented with many musical genres, including rock, jazz, blues, country, electric blues, hard rock and heavy metal.

In 1968, aged 16, Moore moved to Dublin to join the group Skid Row with Noel Bridgeman and Brendan "Brush" Shiels. It was with this group that he earned a reputation in the music industry, and his association with Phil Lynott began.

Solo career

Moore released his first solo album in 1973, ''Grinding Stone'' (billed as "the Gary Moore Band"). 'Grinding Stone' was issued in North America on Neil Kempfer-Stocker's fledgling record label imprint Cosmos. It received 'Album of the Year' accolades on KTAC-FM/Seattle-Tacoma, Washington in 1974. In 1978 his solo career continued with help from Phil Lynott. The combination of Moore's blues-based guitar and Lynott's voice produced "Parisienne Walkways", which reached the Top Ten in the UK Singles Chart in April 1979 and the Thin Lizzy album ''Black Rose: A Rock Legend'' which reached number two in the UK album chart. Moore appears in the videos for ''Waiting for an Alibi'' and ''Do Anything You Want To''.

In 1987, he collaborated on the UK charity record "Let It Be", a cover of the Beatles track. He performed a guitar solo for inclusion on the recording, which was released under the group-name of 'Ferry Aid'. The record raised substantial funds for the survivors of the ''MS Herald of Free Enterprise'' disaster.

In 1993, he was included on a cassette called ''Rock Classics Vol. 1'' with "Run to Your Mama", and "Dark Side of the Moog". After a series of rock records, Moore returned to blues music with ''Still Got the Blues'', with contributions from Albert King, Albert Collins and George Harrison. The album was well received by fans. He stayed with the blues format until 1997, when he decided to experiment with modern dance beats on ''Dark Days in Paradise''; this left many fans, as well as the music press, confused. He also contributed guitar sections to Richard Blackwood's 2000 album, ''You'll Love to Hate This''.

With ''Back to the Blues'', Moore return to his tried and tested blues format in 2001: he continued with this style on ''Power of the Blues'' (2004), ''Old New Ballads Blues'' (2006), ''Close As You Get'' (2007) and ''Bad For You Baby'' (2008).

In January 2005, Moore joined the One World Project, which recorded a song for the 2004 Asian Tsunami relief effort. The group featured Russell Watson, Boy George, Steve Winwood, Barry Gibb, Brian Wilson, Cliff Richard, Dewey Bunnell, Gerry Beckley and Robin Gibb on vocals (in their order of appearance), and featured a guitar solo by Moore. The song, entitled "Grief Never Grows Old", was released in February 2005, reaching #4 on the UK Singles Chart.

In what has been described as "a brave and principled stand", Gary declared his support for the cultural boycott of Israel. At a press conference in Russia he announced that he would not visit the ‘criminal state’ of Israel ‘because of its racist policies against the Palestinian people’.

He also took part in a comedy skit entitled "The Easy Guitar Book Sketch" with comedian Rowland Rivron and fellow musicians Mark Knopfler, Lemmy from Motorhead, Mark King from Level 42, and David Gilmour.

Personal life

Moore grew up on Castleview Road opposite Stormont's Parliament Buildings, off the Upper Newtownards Road in east Belfast, as one of five children of a promoter named Bobby and housewife, Winnie, but he left the city as a teenager, because all was not well in their household. His parents parted a year later. He left just as The Troubles were starting in Northern Ireland.

Aiming to become a musician he moved to Dublin at the age of 16 and joined Skid Row, a band that then included Phil Lynott. Moore would later join Lynott again in 1973 when he first joined Thin Lizzy, after the departure of founding member Eric Bell and again in 1977. He moved to England in 1970 and remained there, apart from two short periods in America. In 2002 he bought a five-bedroom detached Edwardian house in Hove, just west of Brighton, Sussex, to be near his sons, Jack and Gus, from his former marriage which had lasted from 1985 to 1993. Since 1997 he was living with his partner, an artist named Jo, and their daughter Lily (b. 1999) and Saoirse. His residence was reported to be on Vallance Gardens in Hove, East Sussex.

Death

Gary Moore died of a suspected heart attack, at the age of 58 during the early hours of 6 February 2011. At the time, he was on holiday at the Kempinski Hotel in Estepona, Spain, with his girlfriend, who raised the alarm at 4:00 am. His death was confirmed by Thin Lizzy's manager Adam Parsons.

Legacy

Since his death, many fellow musicians have commented on Gary Moore's talents including Ozzy Osbourne, Eric Singer, Doug Aldrich, Tony Iommi, Bob Geldof, Roger Taylor, Brian Downey, Andy DiGelsomina, Ricky Warwick, Glenn Hughes, Bryan Adams, Henry Rollins, Scott Gorham, Ignacio Garay, Mikael Åkerfeldt. In March 2011 ''Guitarist'' produced their tribute special with unreleased footage from 2009. Musicians including Former Thin Lizzy Guitarist Eric Bell, Silverbird and Mick and Dave Pyro from the Republic of Loose on the 18 April, gathered for a tribute concert in Whelans bar in Dublin, Ireland entitled 'The Gig For Gary'.

Fans have called for popular magazines such as ''Classic Rock'', ''Guitarist'' and ''Total Guitar'' to do tributes. Twitter was flooded with tributes from fans for several days after the news was revealed.

Discography

''Grinding Stone'' (1973)

''Back on the Streets'' (1978)

''G-Force'' (1980)

''Corridors of Power'' (1982)

''Dirty Fingers'' (1984)

''Victims of the Future'' (1984)

''Run for Cover'' (1985)

''Wild Frontier'' (1987)

''After the War'' (1989)

''Still Got the Blues'' (1990)

''After Hours'' (1992)

''Blues for Greeny'' (1995)

''Dark Days in Paradise'' (1997)

''A Different Beat'' (1999)

''Back to the Blues'' (2001)

''Scars'' (2002)

''Power of the Blues'' (2004)

''Old New Ballads Blues'' (2006)

''Close As You Get'' (2007)

''Bad for You Baby'' (2008)

Tributes:

We Want Moore! - Gary Moore Tribute (Lion Music 2004)

References

External links

Official Gary Moore web site

Category:1952 births Category:2011 deaths Category:Deaths from myocardial infarction Category:People from Belfast Category:Male singers from Northern Ireland Category:Irish musicians Category:Irish songwriters Category:English-language singers Category:Irish rock singers Category:Irish guitarists Category:Irish rock guitarists Category:Rock musicians from Northern Ireland Category:Thin Lizzy members Category:The Gary Moore Band members Category:Lead guitarists Category:Jazz fusion guitarists Category:Guitarists from Northern Ireland Category:Blues rock musicians Category:Electric blues musicians Category:People educated at Ashfield Boys' High School

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Coordinates	56°09′″N40°25′″N
alt	Gary Jules performing live at the Hotel Café on December 9, 2008
name	Gary Jules
background	solo_singer
birth name	Gary Jules Aguirre, Jr.
birth date	March 19, 1969San Diego, California,
instrument	Vocals, guitar, piano, mandolin, harmonica, ukulele
genre	Rock, folk, alternative rock
website	www.garyjules.com }}

Gary Jules (born March 19, 1969 as Gary Jules Aguirre, Jr.) is an American singer-songwriter, best known for his cover of Tears for Fears' third single "Mad World", which he recorded together with friend Michael Andrews for the film ''Donnie Darko''. It became the UK Christmas Number One single of 2003. Since then it has been used on popular American TV shows, in a commercial for the critically acclaimed video game ''Gears of War'', an episode of ''CSI: Las Vegas'', and a Season 5 episode of the medical drama ''House''.

Some of Jules' early projects/bands were The Ivory Knights, Our Town Pansies, Woodenfish, Kofi, The Origin, Invisible, No poetry, and Heroes and Heroin. His 2003 residency at the Los Angeles Hotel Café helped develop the venue as a successful singer/songwriter venue.

Songs

Gary Jules recorded a cover of the song "Mad World" (by Tears For Fears) for the film ''Donnie Darko'' and later released it as a single in December 2003. It was a huge success becoming the Christmas No. 1 in the UK. It has also become a popular choice for background music in numerous television dramas. The song was used repeatedly during James Franco's acting stint on ''General Hospital'', playing the part of a homicidal artist named Franco. In one episode of the television show ''Without a Trace'', the Jules' version of Mad World was played during the last part of the episode and into the credits. The song was also featured in the TV series ''Smallville'', and during the beginning of the ''CSI: Crime Scene Investigation'' episode, the trailer for ''The Crazies''," as well as in The Cavaliers Drum and Bugle Corps' 2010 Production "Mad World." Most recently, it was used on the new series ''Stolen voices, Buried secrets'' from Investigation Discovery and also in Silent Witness episode 61 (3rd episode of season 10), part one of ''Terminus''.

''American Idol'' contestant Adam Lambert sang Jules's version of "Mad World" for the top 8 performance, which was highly praised by the judges and viewers, and repeated the song in a different dramatic presentation for the top 2 performance, as well as during the American Idols Live! 2009 tour. Following the performance, Jules's version of "Mad World" shot up to #11 on the iTunes store. Jules has stated he did well until he added a long drawn out note at the end.

His song "Gone Daddy" is based upon his family and himself relocating to North Carolina. When living in L.A. a neighbor was gunned down at night. While the police were investigating the shooting, Gary approached one of the officers and explained that his child was trying to take a nap. Gary asked if the officer knew when they would be finished. The officer told Gary he did not know, but he could always leave L.A. So, Gary did.

His song "Wichita" was inspired by a class Gary took at UCLA regarding Native American history. There was a story about how the Native Americans followed the buffalo around the nation to survive, and when the "white men" finished the intercontinental railroad, the buffalo started to head back south. When they came upon the railroad, the buffalo would not cross it, and millions of them died. Gary has only spent one night in the actual city of Wichita.

Gary has stated that "No Poetry" is possibly his favorite song he has written. His song "Something Else" was featured on the Season 5 episode "My Fallen Idol" of the NBC TV show ''Scrubs''.

Gary also sang on the Esquimaux song "Honey & Dear" from their album ''Perfecto!''.

Career

Music videos

"Mad World" Directed by Michel Gondry (2004)

"Broke Window"

"Beautiful". Stop animation by Tony Clavelli. (2009)

Television appearances

''Appearances on television as himself''

RI:SE

*Aired December 16, 2003

Friday Night with Jonathan Ross

*Episode #5.14 2003

Top of the Pops

*"Mad World" with Michael Andrews. Aired December 19, 2003

Top of the Pops NL

*Episode #1.165 2004

Today with Des and Mel

*Aired February 12, 2004

The Tonight Show with Jay Leno

*Aired March 29, 2004

XETV Fox Rox

*April 8, 2004

Never Mind the Buzzcocks

*Episode #14.7 2004

SWR3 Ringfrei

*"Mad World"

Last Call with Carson Daly

*Aired June 5, 2007

RTL German TV

*Performed World" Aired January 22, 2010

Television placements

CBS CSI: Crime Scene Investigation

*”Mad World” (Season 1, episode 1-''Pilot''. Aired October 6, 2000.)

The WB Smallville

*“Mad World” (Season 2, episode 11-''Visage''. Aired January 14, 2003.)

NBC Third Watch

*”Mad World” (Season 4, episode 15-''Collateral Damage: Part 2''. Aired February 10, 2003.)

CBS Without A Trace

*"Mad World" (Season 2, episode 1-''The Bus''. Aired September 25, 2003.)

ABC Alias

*”Something Else” (Season 3, episode 3-''Reunion''. Aired October 12, 2003.)

CBS CSI: Crime Scene Investigation

*”Mad World” (Season 6, episode 2-''Room Service''. Aired September 29, 2005.)

CBS CSI: Crime Scene Investigation

*”Mad World” (Season 6, episode 14-''Killer''. Aired February 2, 2006.)

NBC Scrubs

*”Something Else” (Season 5, episode 21-''My Fallen Idol''. Aired May 2, 2006.)

CBS CSI: Crime Scene Investigation

*”Mad World” (Season 6, episode 24-''Way To Go''. Aired May 18, 2006.)

ABC Grey’s Anatomy

*”Falling Awake” (Season 3, episode 12-''Six Days: Part 2''. Aired January 4, 2007.)

CBS Jericho

*”Mad World” (Season 1, episode 17-''One Man’s Terrorist''. Aired April 4, 2007.)

ABC Brothers & Sisters

*“Falling Awake” (Season 1, episode 21-''Grapes of Wrath''. Aired May 6, 2007.)

TV3 Colors en sèrie (Spain)

*”Mad World” (''Negre: El túnel al final de la llum''.2007)

A&E; The Cleaner

*”Mad World” (Season 1, episode 6-''To Catch a Fed''. Aired August 26, 2008.)

CW 90210

*”Greetings from the Side” (Season 1, episode 9-''Secrets and Lies''. Aired November 4, 2008.)

NBC Friday Night Lights

*”Beautiful” (Season 3, episode 13-''Tomorrow Blues''. Aired January 14, 2009.)

NBC-Life

*"Been A Long Time" (Episode 215-I Heart Mom. Aired February 18, 2009)

FX-Nip/Tuck

*"Mad World" (Season 6, episode 2 ''Enigma'' Aired October 21, 2009.)

CW Life Unexpected

*”Falling Awake” (Season 1, episode 1-''Pilot''. Aired January 18, 2010.)

ABC Private Practice

*”The Old Days Are Gone” (Season 3, episode 12-''Best Laid Plans''. Aired January 21, 2010.)

ABC General Hospital

*”Mad World”

**Episode #1.11938 (19 November 2009) - Franco

**Episode #1.11939 (20 November 2009) - Franco

**Episode #1.11940 (23 November 2009) - Franco

**Episode #1.11941 (24 November 2009) - Franco

**Episode #1.11943 (30 November 2009) - Franco

**Episode #1.11945 (2 December 2009) - Franco

**Episode #1.11951 (10 December 2009) - Franco

**Episode #1.11952 (11 December 2009) - Franco

**Episode #1.11953 (14 December 2009) - Franco

**Episode #1.11956 (17 December 2009) - Franco

**Episode #1.11957 (18 December 2009) - Franco

**Episode #1.11958 (21 December 2009) - Franco

**Episode #1.11961 (28 December 2009) - Franco

**Episode #1.11962 (29 December 2009) - Franco

**Episode #1.11963 (30 December 2009) - Franco

**Episode #1.11964 (4 January 2010) - Franco

**Episode #1.11965 (5 January 2010) - Franco

**Episode #1.11966 (6 January 2010) - Franco

**Episode #1.11967 (7 January 2010) - Franco

**Episode #1.11968 (8 January 2010) - Franco

**Episode #1.11969 (11 January 2010) - Franco

**Episode #1.11984 (1 February 2010) - Franco

**Episode #1.11985 (2 February 2010) - Franco

FOX So You Think You Can Dance?

*”Mad World" (alternate version) (Season 7, week 7. Aired July 28, 2010.)

ID Investigation Discovery Stolen Voices, Buried Secrets

*"Mad World (2011)

SYFY Being Human

*"Mad World" (Season 1, Episode 9 Aired March 2011.)

Movie placements

Digging to China (1998)

*“Greetings from the Side”

Donnie Darko (2001)

*”Mad World”

Catch and Release (2006)

*”Pills”

Lost Islands (2008)

*"Mad World"

Fireflies in the Garden (2008)

*"Greetings from the Side"

The Boondock Saints II: All Saints Day (2009)

*"Mad World"

I Will Follow You Into The Dark (2010)

*"Mad World"

Trailers

Xbox 360 Gears of War-trailer (2006)

*"Mad World"

The Cleaner (2008)

*"Mad World"

The Crazies-trailer (2009)

*"Mad World"

Documentaries

''Michel Gondry 2: More Videos (Before and After DVD 1)'' (2009)

*appears in the "Mad World" segment

Joseph Aguirre's "Next Year Country" (2009)

*soundtrack music

Theater

Playwright Stephen Adly Guirgis refers to Gary Jules in his play ''The Little Flower of East Orange.'' This show, directed by Philip Seymour Hoffman and starring Ellen Burstyn, premiered at the Public Theater in New York on April 6, 2008. The songs “Goodnight Billie” and “Little Greenie” were featured in this production. In the acknowledgments section of the Faber and Faber, Inc. published version of the play, Guirgis writes, “SPECIAL THANKS TO GARY JULES FOR THE MUSIC.”

Act one, scene three: ''NADINE hits Play. It’s “Little Greenie” by Gary Jules.'' NADINE:''Okay...One time, I was gonna kill myself, but then I played this Gary Jules song like twenty-seven times.''

Discography

Albums

''Greetings from the Side'' – 1998

''Trading Snakeoil for Wolftickets'' – 2001, U.S. #144

''Gary Jules'' – 2006

''Bird'' – 2008

EPs

Live at Lime Presents Gary Jules-2009

Daytrotter Session – 2009

Compilations

Ministry of Sound:''Chillout Sessions: Summer Collection 2003'' (2003)

*Track 1 “Mad World”

Echo: ''Acoustic 3'' (2003)

*Disc 1 Track 3 “Mad World”

''Now That’s What I Call Music! 56'' (2003)

*Disc 2 Track 21 “Mad World”

KSGR 107.1: ''Broadcasts Volume 12'' (2004)

*Disc 2 Track 5 “Mad World”

Sanctuary TV: ''The Essential Acoustic Album'' (2004)

*Disc 1 Track 1 “Mad World”

Rolling Stone Deutschland: ''New Noises, Volume 64'' (2004)

*Track 7 “Pills”

Sony Music TV: ''The All Time Greatest Love Songs'' (2004)

*Disc 1 Track 9 “Mad World”

Virgin Records-UK: ''Now That’s What I Call Music!: Years'' (2004)

*Disc 3 Track 2 “Mad World”

BMG TV: ''The Ultimate Smooth Album'' (2004)

*Disc 2 Track 2 “Mad World”

Sony Music TV: ''Natural Woman: The Autumn Collection'' (2004)

*Track 19 “Mad World”

BMG TV: ''Beautiful: the New Collections Autumn'' (2004)

*Track 17 “Mad World”

Warner UK: ''The Ultimate All Time Classic Tearjerkers'' (2004)

*Disc 1 Track 1 “Mad World”

Alice 97.3: ''This is Alice Music, Volume 8'' (2004)

*Track 12 “Mad World”

MSI Music Distribution: ''Hits 60'' (2004)

*Track 38 “Mad World”

RCA Records (USA): ''Nightfly, Volume One'' (2004)

*Track 32 “Mad World (Remix)”

Messenger Records: ''Wouldn’t It Be Beautiful?'' (2005)

*Track 6 “Patchwork G”

*Track 8 “Broke Window”

Rounder Select: ''Trampoline Records Greatest Hits, Volume One'' (2005)

*Track 4 “Dtla”

Starbucks’: ''Sweetheart: Love Songs''(2005)

*Track 5 “How Can I Tell You’’ Cat Stevens cover

KCRW: ''Sounds Eclectic: The Covers Project'' (2007)

*Track 10 “Mad World”

Circle Back Music: ''Songs for a Broken Heart'' (2008)

*Track 12 "No Poetry"

Robin Danar: ''Altered States'' (2008)

*Track 12 “Weirdo” The Charlatans cover

Collaborations

Michael Andrews - ''Donnie Darko'' (2001)

*Track 17 "Mad World" and Track 18 "Mad World (Alternate Mix)" (featured)

Jim Bianco - ''Handsome Devil'' (2004)

*Track 6 "Tennessee Wedding" (background vocals)

Esquimaux - ''perfecto!'' (2005)

*Track 12 "Honey & Dear" (featured)

Jim Bianco - ''Sing'' (2008)

*Track 2 "Sing" and Track 6 "If Your Mama Knew" (background vocals)

Angel Taylor - ''Love Travels'' (2009)

*guitar, mandolin, background vocals

Quotations

"Ideally, I would love to sing for an audience of 3,000 (or 30,000) people who are so cool that it feels like 3 people. I like to try and connect on a very personal level, and I'd like nothing more than for 3,000 people to come together and have an extremely intimate experience all-together at my shows."

"I think one could make a very good argument that a lot of art, particularly music, is born of suffering. I think the person who writes songs with a deeper resonance makes it their business to think about things like that."

"As far as advice for struggling artists, I'd say separating your art from struggle is the worst mistake you can make. If you really want to be an artist, expect to be struggling forever. You'll struggle to get recognition and once you get recognition you'll have to struggle to change people's opinion when you want to do something slightly different. You have to love exactly what it is you're doing. You have to love the work in order to get by. If you do love it, it doesn't matter what the rest of the world thinks, which is the greatest part."

"I found out that people through the ages are exactly the same as now, they had the same issues, the same desires. One thing that's clear when you read old literature is that there are some great universal truths — things like fart jokes, guys screwing other people's wives and the hunger for power."

References

External links

Official Website

Gary Jules on Myspace

Gary Jules on Facebook

Gary Jules on IMDb

Gary Jules on CDBaby

Gary Jules on iTunes

Gary Jules collection at the Internet Archive's live music archive

Gary Jules on KCRW's Morning Becomes Eclectic with Nic Harcourt 07.03.02

Gary Jules on KCRW's Morning Becomes Eclectic with Nic Harcourt 04.27.04

Gary Jules on KCRW's Morning Becomes Eclectic with Nic Harcourt 11.21.08

Gary Jules on NPR's Mountain Stage 2009

Gary Jules live at Daytrotter 2009 session

Gary Jules at AOL Music

Gary Jules on The TV Guide Channel's M Vids July 2007

Gary Jules featured on MSNBC's "Your Business" circa 2006

Interview with WickedInfo.com

Category:1969 births Category:People from Fresno, California Category:People from San Diego, California Category:Living people Category:University of California, Los Angeles alumni Category:American male singers Category:American rock singers Category:Songwriters from California Category:American musicians Category:American singer-songwriters Category:American acoustic guitarists Category:Musicians from California Category:Ivor Novello Award winners

de:Gary Jules es:Gary Jules fr:Gary Jules hr:Gary Jules it:Gary Jules nl:Gary Jules pt:Gary Jules simple:Gary Jules fi:Gary Jules sv:Gary Jules

Coordinates	56°09′″N40°25′″N
name	Gary Speed
fullname	Gary Andrew Speed
dateofbirth	September 08, 1969
dateofdeath	November 27, 2011
cityofbirth	Mancot
countryofbirth	Wales
cityofdeath	Huntington
countryofdeath	England
height
position	Midfielder
youthyears1	?–1988
youthclubs1	Leeds United
years1	1988–1996
years2	1996–1998
years3	1998–2004
years4	2004–2008
years5	2008–2010
clubs1	Leeds United
clubs2	Everton
clubs3	Newcastle United
clubs4	Bolton Wanderers
clubs5	Sheffield United
caps1	248
caps2	58
caps3	213
caps4	121
caps5	37
goals1	39
goals2	15
goals3	29
goals4	14
goals5	6
totalcaps	677
totalgoals	103
nationalyears2	1990–2004
nationalteam1	Wales U21
nationalteam2	Wales
nationalcaps1	3
nationalcaps2	85
nationalgoals1	0
nationalgoals2	7
manageryears1	2010
managerclubs1	Sheffield United
manageryears2	2010–2011
managerclubs2	Wales }}

Gary Andrew Speed, MBE (8 September 1969 – 27 November 2011) was a Welsh football player and manager. He was captain of the Wales national football team until he retired from international football in 2004 and he remains the most capped outfield player for Wales and the second overall, having appeared 85 times at senior level between 1990 and 2004.

Speed played professionally for Leeds United, Everton, Newcastle United, Bolton Wanderers and Sheffield United. Rarely troubled by injury or suspension, he held the record for the most appearances in the FA Premier League at 535, until it was surpassed by David James.

Speed was appointed manager of Sheffield United in 2010, but he left the club after a few months in December 2010 to manage the Wales national football team.

Speed's death was announced by the Football Association of Wales on 27 November 2011. Throughout the day many tributes came out for him from various figures in football as well as many national figures in Wales and the rest of the United Kingdom.

Personal life

Born in Mancot, Wales, Speed attended Hawarden High School as a child. He supported Everton as a youngster. Speed was married to Louise from 1996 until his death. The couple had two children, Tommy and Eddie. Speed was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2010 Birthday Honours.

Playing style and reputation

Speed was a versatile player who could play in left midfield, central midfield, and also at left-back. He possessed great tactical awareness, and could both create and score goals. Regularly a captain, he was said by his teammates to to have been an 'inspirational figure' who led by example and demanded the best from those around him.

He was well known as a 'consummate professional' both on and off the field. He was not blessed with exceptional talent at a young age, but instead developed his technique through many hours of hard work on the training field. He had a reputation as an extremely fit footballer who looked after his body. He had a modern approach to diet and fitness, a rare quality amongst players of his generation. His level of fitness allowed him to avoid injury and to continue playing until the age of 39; he rarely missed a game.

He also had a reputation as a friendly and supportive person, who cared for and took an interest in the lives of the people around him; his 'nice guy' persona made him a popular and well respected figure amongst his peers.

Club career

Leeds United

Speed began his career with Leeds United as a trainee, signing a professional contract on 13 June 1988. He made his first team debut when he was aged 19. He went on to play a key role as they won the Football League First Division championship title in 1992 as part of a midfield that also comprised Gordon Strachan, Gary McAllister and David Batty. Speed featured in the 1996 Football League Cup Final defeat by Aston Villa.

Everton

Speed moved to Everton in 1996, for a fee of £3.5 million. He scored on his debut versus Newcastle United on 17 August 1996. He was installed as captain of the club by then manager Howard Kendall prior to the 1997–98 FA Premier League season.

He left the club in controversial circumstances and the reasons were never revealed. He told the ''Liverpool Echo'': "You know why I’m leaving, but I can’t explain myself publicly because it would damage the good name of Everton Football Club and I’m not prepared to do that."

Newcastle United

Speed was club captain at Everton, but moved to Newcastle United in 1998 for a fee of £5.5 million, in controversial circumstances. Speed featured in the club's FA Cup Final defeats by Arsenal in 1998 and by Manchester United in 1999. He also played in the UEFA Champions League with Newcastle in the 2002–03 season.

Newcastle's manager, Sir Bobby Robson, was sorry to see Speed leave the club, and acknowledged that he would do very well for Bolton Wanderers.

Bolton Wanderers

Speed moved to Bolton Wanderers on a two-year deal in a £750,000 switch from Newcastle United in July 2004. He became the first player to make 500 Premier League appearances when he played in Bolton's 4–0 victory over West Ham United in December 2006.

On 1 May 2007, Speed was named as the first team coach for Bolton after Sam Allardyce stepped down from his job as manager. However, in October he left the coaching job and returned to being just a player with the club. Conflicting reports of the incident claimed then manager Sammy Lee relieved him of his duties to concentrate on playing but Speed, in an interview with the Bolton News, claimed he chose to step down.

Speed scored a header for Bolton against Reading on 25 August 2007, making him, at the time, the only player to have scored in every Premiership season to date. Ryan Giggs later matched this achievement on 20 October 2007, and passed it on 8 February 2009. It had been reported in December 2007 that Speed was a target for Derby County, but it was confirmed on 24 December 2007 that he would join Sheffield United on loan on 1 January 2008, with a view to a permanent move for a fee of about £250,000.

Sheffield United

Speed made his first team debut on the day of his transfer – being named in the starting eleven for a 0–0 away draw against Wolverhampton Wanderers on New Year's Day 2008. He played regularly for the rest of the season and deputised as captain when Chris Morgan was unavailable. Having seen his penalty parried Speed netted the rebound to score his first goal for the Blades in a victory over Coventry in March of that year. He went on to finish the season on three goals for the Blades, scoring both goals in a 2–1 home victory over Bristol City in the penultimate game of the 2007–08 season. In an interview with BBC Wales on 10 May 2008, Speed hinted that the 2008–09 season may be his last playing before moving into coaching or management but stated that he had not yet made up his mind.

Speed started the next season as a regular fixture in the Blades midfield but succumbed to a back injury in November. Despite undergoing surgery to correct the problem he failed to regain his fitness and missed the rest of the season, concentrating instead on a coaching role at the club. In June 2009, he was approached by Swansea City with regards to taking on the managerial role left vacant by Roberto Martinez.

At the end of October 2009, Speed stated that "'I'm 40, I haven't played for a year and you can take what you want from that. I'm not missing playing because I'm enjoying the other side so much", although he revealed he was still in training, in preparation for running the 2010 London Marathon in aid of the Sir Bobby Robson Foundation, the cancer charity founded by Speed's former Newcastle manager, who had died on 31 July 2009 after a long battle against the illness.

Speed finally announced his retirement from playing in his 41st year, but agreed to remain at Sheffield United for at least one more season as a coach. Despite this he was again registered as a player and was named on the bench for the first round League Cup game against Hartlepool United at the outset of the following season.

International career

Speed was capped by Wales at youth and under-21 levels, earning three caps for the latter. He had been capped for Wales 85 times, second in the all-time list only to Neville Southall and is currently ranked sixth by members of the general public in the Best Welsh Football Players list. He retired from international football in 2004 after the side's 3–2 defeat to Poland in a 2006 World Cup qualifier. His first appearance for the national side had come on 20 May 1990 in a 1–0 friendly win against Costa Rica at Ninian Park.

After his retirement from international football, he was recommended by both the former manager Mark Hughes and fellow Welsh midfielder Robbie Savage as a future Welsh national team manager.

Managerial career

With the 2010–11 season only three games old Sheffield United manager Kevin Blackwell was sacked with Speed being confirmed as the club's new manager on a three year contract a few days later. On 21 October 2010, Speed was given a one game touchline ban and a £2,000 fine by the Football Association for his unsupportive behaviour at the home fixture against Watford on 2 October 2010. On 11 December 2010, Speed was linked with the vacant Wales manager job. Sheffield United confirmed that they had given Speed permission to talk to the Football Association of Wales over the vacant position. He was confirmed as the new Welsh national team manager on 14 December 2010, succeeding John Toshack who stepped down in September 2010, Sheffield United released him from his contract after compensation was paid by the FAW.

Speed's first game as Wales manager was 8 February 2011 against the Republic of Ireland in the inaugural Nations Cup, which Ireland won 3–0. Speed's first competitive match was the Euro 2012 qualifier at home to England which Wales lost 2–0. In August 2011 Wales attained their lowest ever FIFA ranking of 117th. This was followed by a 2–1 home win against Montenegro, a 1–0 away loss to England, a 2–0 home win against Switzerlandand a 1–0 away win against Bulgaria. Consequently in October 2011, Wales were ranked 45th in the world by FIFA. Speed's last game as manager of Wales was on 12 November 2011, a 4–1 win against Norway.

Death

On 27 November 2011, the Football Association of Wales announced that Speed had died. ''The Telegraph'' and ''ITN'' reported that Speed had died of suicide by hanging at his home in Huntington, Cheshire. Cheshire Constabulary announced that they were not treating Speed's death as suspicious. Friends reported their shock at the news; Speed had appeared as a guest on BBC One's ''Football Focus'' only hours before his death.

Tributes

On the day of Speed's death football was said to have "united in grief and to pay tribute to him". The news was first announced by the Football Association of Wales and they extended their sympathies and condolences to Speed's family. Throughout the day similar messages were released from many people within football as well as national figures in Wales and the rest of the United Kingdom. Prime Minister David Cameron and Leader of the Opposition Ed Miliband both released messages conveying their sadness at Speed's death as well as their condolences to his family. First Minister of Wales Carwyn Jones released a similar message, as did Welsh Secretary Cheryl Gillan and Welsh Conservative Party leader Andrew RT Davies. A huge number of tributes from across football came in throughout the day for Speed. Close friends and former team-mates such as Robbie Savage, Ryan Giggs, Simon Grayson, Alan Shearer and John Hartson all expressed their deep sorrow at his death.

The match between Aston Villa and Swansea City, held only hours after Speed's death was announced, was dedicated to his memory. A minutes silence was to be held before the match. However, the fans applauded instead and sang Speed's name. Several players who played in the match had been severely affected by the news. Four Welsh internationals played in the match; Ashley Williams, Neil Taylor and Joe Allen, of Swansea, all played under Speed for Wales and Allen in particular was said to be struggling with the news. James Collins was the other Welsh international and he had also played with Speed at international level. Collins' Villa team mates Shay Given and Jermaine Jenas had both played with Speed at Newcastle United and both were very badly affected by the news. Given openly wept during and after the minutes applause. Both managers, Alex McLeish and Brendan Rodgers paid tribute to Speed. Rodgers, who had spoken to Speed a lot since he had become Wales manager, said that the game had lost a legend while Neil Taylor said that he hoped Wales could qualify for the 2014 World Cup to honour him.

Along with this match, several others saw tributes toward Speed. The only other Premier League match played that day was between Liverpool and Manchester City. Craig Bellamy was withdrawn from Liverpool's squad by Kenny Dalglish as he was too affected by news of his former teammate, at club as well as country, to play. Dalglish himself had managed Speed and expressed his sadness at the news. Saying that he thought Speed was a great footballer but also a great person. Another of Speed's former team mates, Hugo Viana paid tribute to him. The Portugese international was another who had played alongside Speed at Newcastle. After his team, Braga, had lost 3–2 to Porto Viana displayed a shirt reading "Gary Rest in Peace"

Internationally, FIFA President Joseph Blatter paid tribute to Gary Speed as "a model professional and a fantastic ambassador for the game". Both the FIFA and Welsh flags at FIFA's headquarters were at half mast as a mark of respect.

Honours

Club

;Leeds United

Football League First Division champions: 1991–92

FA Charity Shield winners: 1992

League Cup finalists: 1996

Football League Second Division champions: 1989–90

;Newcastle United

FA Cup finalists: 1998, 1999

UEFA Intertoto Cup finalists: 2001

Premier League Asia Trophy finalists: 2003

;Bolton Wanderers

League Cup finalists: 2004

Premier League Asia Trophy winners: 2005

Individual

PFA Team of the Year: 1993

Premier League 10 Seasons Awards (1992–93 to 2001–02): Most Appearances (352)

International goals

Stadionul Republican 6 September 1995 29 March 1997 2 September 2000 20 November 2002 29 March 2003 4 September 2004

# !! Date !! Venue !! Opponent !! Result !! Competition !! Scored
1	12 October 1994	Republican Stadium, Chisinau ||		2–3	UEFA Euro 1996 qualifying>1996 European Cup qualification	1
2	|	Cardiff Arms Park>National Stadium, Cardiff		1–0	UEFA Euro 1996 qualifying>1996 European Cup qualification	1
3	|	Cardiff Arms Park>National Stadium, Cardiff		1–2	1998 FIFA World Cup qualification>1998 World Cup qualification	1
4	|	Dynama Stadium (Minsk)>Dynama Stadium, Minsk		2–1	2002 FIFA World Cup qualification>2002 World Cup qualification	1
5	|	Tofig Bahramov Stadium, Baku		2–0	UEFA Euro 2004 qualification>2004 European Cup qualification	1
6	|	Millennium Stadium, Cardiff		4–0	2006 FIFA World Cup qualification>2006 World Cup qualification	1
7	|	Tofig Bahramov Stadium, Baku		1–1	2006 FIFA World Cup qualification>2006 World Cup qualification	1

Career statistics

Playing statistics

{|border=1 cellpadding=6 cellspacing=2 style="background: ivory; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; clear:center" |+ Club performance |- !rowspan="2"|Club !rowspan="2"|Division !rowspan="2"|Season(s) !colspan="2"|League !colspan="2"|FA Cup !colspan="2"|League Cup !colspan="2"|Other !colspan="2"|Total |- !Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan="1" align=center valign=top|Leeds United |First Division / Premier League |1988–89 to 1995–96 |align="center"|248 |align="center"|39 |align="center"|21 |align="center"|5 |align="center"|26 |align="center"|11 |align="center"|17 |align="center"|2 |align="center"|312 |align="center"|57 |- |rowspan="1" align=center valign=top|Everton |Premier League |1996–97 to 1997–98 |align="center"|58 |align="center"|15 |align="center"|2 |align="center"|1 |align="center"|5 |align="center"|1 |align="center"|0 |align="center"|0 |align="center"|65 |align="center"|17 |- |rowspan="1" align=center valign=top|Newcastle United |Premier League |1997–98 to 2003–04 |align="center"|213 |align="center"|29 |align="center"|22 |align="center"|5 |align="center"|11 |align="center"|1 |align="center"|38 |align="center"|5 |align="center"|284 |align="center"|40 |- |rowspan="1" align=center valign=top|Bolton Wanderers |Premier League |2004–05 to 2007–08 |align="center"|121 |align="center"|14 |align="center"|6 |align="center"|0 |align="center"|4 |align="center"|0 |align="center"|8 |align="center"|0 |align="center"|139 |align="center"|14 |- |rowspan="1" align=center valign=top|Sheffield United |Championship |2007–08 to 2009–10 |align="center"|37 |align="center"|6 |align="center"|2 |align="center"|0 |align="center"|1 |align="center"|0 |align="center"|0 |align="center"|0 |align="center"|40 |align="center"|6 |- |colspan=3|Career totals |align="center"|677 |align="center"|103 |align="center"|53 |align="center"|11 |align="center"|47 |align="center"|13 |align="center"|63 |align="center"|7 |align="center"|840 |align="center"|134 |- |}

Managerial statistics

Team	Nat	From	To	Record
!G!!W!!D!!L!!GF!!GA!!GD!!Win %
align=left
align=left
Total

References

External links

International career details

Newcastle United career details

Category:1969 births Category:People from Flintshire Category:2011 deaths Category:Suicides by hanging in England Category:Association football players who committed suicide Category:Members of the Order of the British Empire Category:Welsh footballers Category:Wales youth international footballers Category:Wales under-21 international footballers Category:Wales international footballers Category:Association football midfielders Category:Association football utility players Category:Leeds United A.F.C. players Category:Everton F.C. players Category:Newcastle United F.C. players Category:Bolton Wanderers F.C. players Category:Bolton Wanderers F.C. non-playing staff Category:Sheffield United F.C. players Category:Premier League players Category:The Football League players Category:Welsh football managers Category:Sheffield United F.C. managers Category:Wales national football team managers Category:The Football League managers

ar:غاري سبيد bg:Гари Спийд cy:Gary Speed da:Gary Speed de:Gary Speed et:Gary Speed es:Gary Speed fr:Gary Speed ga:Gary Speed gd:Gary Speed gl:Gary Speed it:Gary Speed he:גארי ספיד lv:Garijs Spīds hu:Gary Speed ms:Gary Speed nl:Gary Speed ja:ガリー・スピード no:Gary Speed pl:Gary Speed pt:Gary Speed ru:Спид, Гэри fi:Gary Speed sv:Gary Speed vi:Gary Speed zh:加里·斯皮德

Coordinates	56°09′″N40°25′″N
birth name	Gary Leonard Oldman
birth date	March 21, 1958
birth place
spouse	Lesley Manville (1987–1990)Uma Thurman (1990–1992)Donya Fiorentino (1997–2001)Alexandra Edenborough(2008–present)
relatives	Laila Morse (sister)
years active	1979–present
occupation	Actor, filmmaker, musician
parents	Leonard Bertram OldmanKathleen Cheriton }}

Gary Leonard Oldman (born 21 March 1958) is an English actor, filmmaker and musician. Oldman had a successful stage career from the late 1970s to late 1980s, and came to prominence as a film actor via his portrayals of a skinhead in ''Meantime'' (1983), Sid Vicious in ''Sid and Nancy'' (1986) and gay playwright Joe Orton in ''Prick Up Your Ears'' (1987); in 1987, United States film critic Roger Ebert hailed him as "the best young British actor around". He continued to garner critical acclaim for his portrayals of a violent football hooligan in ''The Firm'' (1989), an Irish American gangster in ''State of Grace'' (1990), Presidential assassin Lee Harvey Oswald in ''JFK'' (1991) and the title character of ''Dracula'' (1992), becoming a popular casting choice in villain roles; he played the antagonist of films such as ''True Romance'' (1993), ''Léon'' (1994), ''The Fifth Element'' (1997) and ''The Contender'' (2000). In recent years Oldman has been known for his portrayals of Sirius Black in the ''Harry Potter'' film series, James Gordon in Christopher Nolan's ''Batman'' film trilogy, and George Smiley in ''Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy'' (2011). In addition to his film career, he has starred in several United States television shows, including ''Knots Landing'' and ''Friends''. Aside from acting, he wrote and directed ''Nil By Mouth'' (1997), a film partially based on his own childhood, and has served as a producer on several films.

Among other honours, Oldman has won two BAFTA Awards and a Saturn Award, and has been nominated for Academy-, Emmy-, Screen Actors Guild- and Independent Spirit Awards, as well as the Palme d'Or. He has been cited as an influence by a number of successful actors; Norman Stansfield, his overstated antagonist in ''Léon'', has been named as one of the best villains of modern cinema. In 2011, Oldman was voted an "Icon of Film" by ''Empire'' readers, in recognition of his contributions to cinema.

Early life

Oldman was born in London, the son of Kathleen (née Cheriton; b. 28 November 1919), a housewife, and Leonard Bertram Oldman (21 May 1921 October 1985), a former sailor who worked as a welder. He has said that his father was an alcoholic who left his family when Oldman was seven. Oldman attended the South East London Boys' School on Creek Road in Deptford, leaving school at 16 to work in a sports shop. He was an accomplished singer and pianist as a child, but gave up his musical aspirations to pursue an acting career. His inspiration was Malcolm McDowell's performance in 1970 film ''The Raging Moon''. In a 1995 interview with Charlie Rose, Oldman said, "Something about Malcolm [McDowell] just arrested me, and I connected, and I said, 'I wanna do ''that'''."

Acting career

Theatre, early films and foray into American cinema (1979–1990)

Oldman studied with the Young People's Theatre in Greenwich during the mid 1970s, while working jobs on assembly lines, as a porter in an operating theatre, selling shoes and beheading pigs in an abbatoir. He later won a scholarship to attend the Rose Bruford College of Speech and Drama in Sidcup, Kent, from which he graduated with a BA in Acting in 1979. Before enrolling at Rose Bruford, Oldman had unsuccessfully applied to the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, who welcomed him to try again the following year, but advised him to find something else to do for a living. He made his professional stage debut in 1979 as Puss, alongside Michael Simkins, in ''Dick Whittington and His Cat'', at York's Theatre Royal. The play then ran in Colchester, then with Glasgow's Citizens Theatre; Oldman's work ethic and trademark intensity would make him a favourite with audiences in Glasgow during the 1980s. From 1980–1981, he appeared in ''The Massacre at Paris'' (Christopher Marlowe), ''Desperado Corner'' (Shaun Lawton), and Robert David MacDonald's plays ''Chinchilla'' and ''A Waste Of Time''. He performed in a 6-month West End run of MacDonald's ''Summit Conference'', opposite Glenda Jackson, in 1982. Also that year, Oldman made his film debut in Colin Gregg's ''Remembrance'', and would have starred in Don Boyd's ''Gossip'' if that film had not collapsed. The following year, he landed a starring role as a skinhead in Mike Leigh's film ''Meantime'', and moved on to Chesterfield to assume the lead role in ''Entertaining Mr Sloane'' (Joe Orton). Afterwards, he went to Westcliffe to star in ''Saved'' (Edward Bond).

''Saved'' proved to be a major breakthrough for Oldman. He had written to Max Stafford-Clark, artistic director of the Royal Court Theatre, requesting that he watch the play. Impressed, Stafford-Clark cast Oldman as Scopey, the lead role of Bond's ''The Pope's Wedding'', in 1984. For his acclaimed performance, he won two of British theatre's top honors: the ''Time Out'' Fringe Award for Best Newcomer, and the British Theatre Association's ''Drama'' magazine award for Best Actor—the latter of which was shared with future film co-star Anthony Hopkins. His turn in ''The Pope's Wedding'' led to a run of work with the Royal Court, and from 1984 to 1986 he appeared in ''Rat In the Skull'' (Ron Hutchinson), ''The Desert Air'' (Nicholas Wright), ''Cain and Abel'', ''The Danton Affair'' (Pam Gems), ''Women Beware Women'' (Thomas Middleton), ''Real Dreams'' (Trevor Griffiths) and all three of Bond's ''The War Plays'': ''Red Black and Ignorant'', ''The Tin Can People'' and ''Great Peace''. Oldman was a member of the Royal Shakespeare Company from 1985–1986. The 1984 production of ''The Pope's Wedding'' had been seen by director Alex Cox, who cast Oldman as ill-fated rocker Sid Vicious in the 1986 film ''Sid And Nancy''. In 1987, Oldman gained his third starring film role as Joe Orton in ''Prick Up Your Ears'', for which he received a BAFTA nomination for Best Actor. With the ascension of his film career, Oldman gave his final stage performances that year in ''The Country Wife'' (William Wycherley) and ''Serious Money'' (Caryl Churchill).

Oldman's performances in ''Sid and Nancy'' and ''Prick Up Your Ears'' were widely acclaimed, and paved the way for work in Hollywood. Prominent United States film critic Roger Ebert, on the basis of Oldman's work in those films, described him as "the best young British actor around". His portrayal of Vicious was applauded by many, perhaps most notably ex-Sex Pistols vocalist John Lydon, who despite questioning the authenticity of the film, described Oldman as a "bloody good actor". Oldman reportedly lost considerable weight for the role and was briefly hospitalised. His performance would go on to be ranked #62 in ''Premiere'' magazine's "100 Greatest Performances of All Time" and #8 in ''Uncut'' magazine's "10 Best actors in rockin' roles", the latter describing his portrayal as a "hugely sympathetic reading of the punk figurehead as a lost and bewildered manchild." After coming to prominence for his portrayals of Vicious and Orton, Oldman increased his profile during the late 1980s and early 1990s via starring roles in films such as ''Criminal Law'' (which marked Oldman's first use of an American accent), ''The Firm'', ''Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead'' and ''State of Grace''. Janet Maslin, another noted US film critic, referred to his work as "phenomenal". In late 1988, he starred opposite long-time hero Alan Bates in ''We Think the World of You'', and alongside Dennis Hopper and Frances McDormand in the 1989 film ''Chattahoochee''. In 1989, Oldman also starred as football hooligan Clive Bissel in British drama ''The Firm''; in 2011, ''Total Film'' named Oldman's performance as the best of his career. Oldman moved to the United States in the early 1990s, where he has since lived. Oldman and other young British actors of the 1980s who were becoming established Hollywood film actors, such as Tim Roth, Bruce Payne, Colin Firth, Daniel Day-Lewis, and Paul McGann, were dubbed the 'Brit Pack', of which Oldman was de facto leader.

Villain roles and mainstream success (1991-2001)

In 1991, Oldman starred in what was at that point the most significant role of his career as Lee Harvey Oswald in Oliver Stone's ''JFK''. The following year, he starred as Count Dracula in Francis Ford Coppola's romance-horror ''Dracula''. A commercially successful film adaptation of Bram Stoker's 1897 novel, it was a box office success worldwide. Oldman's performance is regarded by many as a staple of the horror genre, and was recognised by the Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films as the best male performance of 1992, who awarded Oldman the Best Actor award. Oldman would later become a popular portrayer of villains: he played violent pimp Drexl Spivey in ''True Romance'' (1993), a sadistic prison warden in ''Murder in the First'' (1995), a futuristic corporate tyrant in ''The Fifth Element'' (1997), and Dr. Zachary Smith/Spider Smith in the commercially successful but critically panned ''Lost in Space'' (1998). In 1994's ''Léon'', he played corrupt DEA officer Norman Stansfield, which has since been named by multiple publications as one of the best villains of modern cinema. Oldman also displayed a skill for world accents; along with the Transylvanian Count Dracula, Oldman played German-born Viennese composer Ludwig van Beethoven in ''Immortal Beloved'', and Russian terrorist Ivan Korshunov in the 1997 blockbuster ''Air Force One''. He portrayed another historical figure, Pontius Pilate, in ''Jesus'' (1999). Oldman also appeared as the Devil in the 1993 promo video to the Guns N' Roses single "Since I Don't Have You", and served as a member of Jury at the 1993 Cannes Film Festival. Oldman's visibility as one of the foremost portrayers of villains in Hollywood became apparent when MTV's ''Celebrity Deathmatch'' aired a match between Oldman and Christopher Walken to determine the greatest cinematic villain.

Oldman appeared opposite Jeff Bridges as zealous Republican congressman Sheldon Runyon in ''The Contender'' (2000), in which he was also credited as a producer. He received a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination for his performance. In 2001, he starred opposite Anthony Hopkins in ''Hannibal'', as Mason Verger, the only surviving victim of Hannibal Lecter. Oldman reportedly spent six hours per day in the make-up room to achieve the character's hideously disfigured appearance. It marked the second time Oldman had appeared opposite Hopkins, a personal friend who was part of the supporting cast of ''Dracula''. Oldman is uncredited in the film, reportedly over a dispute regarding top billing, which was going to co-star Anthony Hopkins and Julianne Moore. Oldman received an Emmy Award nomination for two guest appearances in ''Friends'' in May 2001, appearing in the two-part episode "The One With Chandler and Monica's Wedding" as Richard Crosby, a pedantic actor who insists that "real" actors spit on one another when they enunciate, leading to tension, then later friendship, between Joey Tribbiani (Matt LeBlanc) and himself. Oldman had met LeBlanc on the set of ''Lost in Space'' in 1998.

Career slump and mainstream resurgence (2001-present)

Following his ''Friends'' appearance, Oldman did not appear in any significant roles until 2004. He starred in the generally well-received ''Interstate 60'' (2002), as well as ''Tiptoes'' (2003) and ''Sin'' (2003), both of which were received poorly by critics. Although the film failed to impress critics, Oldman did garner critical acclaim for his portrayal of a man afflicted with dwarfism in ''Tiptoes'': ''Variety'' described his work in the film as an "astonishingly fine" performance. Oldman starred as the Devil in the BMW short film, ''Beat The Devil'' (2002), and contributed voice acting to several video games.

In 2004, Oldman returned to prominence when he landed a significant role in the ''Harry Potter'' film series, playing Harry Potter's godfather Sirius Black. Oldman and star Daniel Radcliffe reportedly became very close during the filming of the series. The following year, Oldman starred as James Gordon in Christopher Nolan's commercially and critically acclaimed ''Batman Begins'', a role he reprised in the even more successful sequel ''The Dark Knight'' (2008) and will reprise again in the upcoming installment ''The Dark Knight Rises'' (2012). Oldman co-starred with Jim Carrey in the 2009 version of ''A Christmas Carol'' in which Oldman played three roles. He had a starring role in David Goyer's supernatural thriller ''The Unborn'', released in 2009. In 2010, Oldman co-starred with Denzel Washington in ''The Book of Eli''. He also played a lead role in Catherine Hardwicke's ''Red Riding Hood''. Oldman voiced the role of villain Lord Shen in ''Kung Fu Panda 2''.

Oldman earned Academy and BAFTA Award nominations for his portrayal as British spy George Smiley in ''Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy'' (2011), a re-adaptation of the John le Carré novel, directed by Tomas Alfredson, also starring Colin Firth, Mark Strong and Tom Hardy.

He has also participated in the creation of ''The Legend of Spyro'' games produced by Sierra Entertainment, providing the voice to the Fire Guardian, Ignitus. He also voices Sergeant Reznov in the award-winning video games ''Call of Duty: World at War'' and ''Call of Duty: Black Ops'', the latter of which he also voiced a British scientist by the name of Daniel Clarke.

Other ventures

Filmmaking

In 1997, Oldman directed, produced, and wrote the award-winning ''Nil by Mouth'', a movie partially based on his own childhood. ''Nil By Mouth'' went on to win the BAFTA Alexander Korda Award for Best British Film (shared with Douglas Urbanski) and also the BAFTA Award for Best Screenplay, the Channel 4 Director's Award, and an ''Empire'' Award. In 1999, it was adjudged by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts as one of the one hundred best British films of the 20th century. ''Nil By Mouth'' was listed by ''Time Out'' as number twenty-one of the top 100 best British films ever.

Oldman and producing partner Douglas Urbanski formed the SE8 GROUP to produce ''Nil By Mouth''. The company also produced ''The Contender'', which also starred Oldman. He was also credited as a producer. Some media outlets reported that Oldman was unhappy with the finished product and felt that DreamWorks had heavily edited the film to reflect their pro-Democratic leanings. These claims were later debunked; Oldman, who is not a U.S. citizen, was described as "so uninvolved in politics, he has never even declared a party affiliation". Oldman has finished his latest screenplay, ''Chang & Eng'', co-written with Darin Strauss, based on the author's book of the same name; SE8 Group will produce. In September 2006, Nokia Nseries Studio released the Oldman-directed short film ''Donut'', with music by Tor Hyams. The film was shot with an N93 in order to promote the phone. Juliet Landau made a 25-minute documentary about the making of the video. In 2011, he directed a music video for Alex Eden's first single, "Kiss Me Like the Woman You Loved", for Side Tracked Records.

Music

Oldman has had a keen interest in music from an early age. He is a proficient pianist and stated in a 1995 interview with Charlie Rose that he would rather be a musician than an actor. Oldman sang several tracks on the ''Sid and Nancy'' soundtrack, and sang and played live piano in the 1988 movie ''Track 29''. He traced over Beethoven compositions in 1994's ''Immortal Beloved''. He also tutored ''Harry Potter'' star Daniel Radcliffe on bass guitar. Oldman appeared on Reeves Gabrels' album ''The Sacred Squall of Now'', performing a vocal duet with David Bowie on the track "You've Been Around".

Popularity and influence

Oldman has long established a cult following among film fans. He is known for playing the primary antagonist in a number of popular motion pictures, which has seen him referenced in popular culture. At the peak of his popularity in the 1990s, Oldman was dubbed by ''Empire'' magazine as Hollywood's "psycho deluxe", and was spoofed on popular television shows such as Fox comedy series ''In Living Color'' and MTV's ''Celebrity Deathmatch'', as well as drafted in to appear on the first ever cover of ''Loaded'' magazine. In 1993, he had a cameo role as the Devil in the promo video to the Guns N' Roses single "Since I Don't Have You"—he also played the Devil in the 2002 BMW short ''Beat The Devil'', alongside Clive Owen, James Brown and Marilyn Manson. On YouTube, Oldman is the subject of a number of tribute videos. In contrast to his often dark on-screen roles, Oldman's affable real-life demeanour has been noted, and he was named as one of ''Empire'' magazine's "100 Sexiest Stars in Film History" in 2007.

Allmovie has described Oldman as "capable of portraying almost any type of character", and as having "consistently amazed viewers with his ability to completely disappear into his roles." His performances during his career have provided inspiration for younger actors who would go on to enjoy successful Hollywood careers. Brad Pitt has described Oldman as his foremost acting "god", while Daniel Radcliffe has cited Oldman as the actor whose career he would most like to emulate. Tom Hardy has named Oldman as his "hero"; Ryan Gosling has also named Oldman as his favourite actor. Other actors who have been influenced by Oldman include: Shia LaBeouf, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Johnny Depp, Chris Pine, and Jason Isaacs. ''Dracula'' and ''Hannibal'' co-star, Anthony Hopkins, has described Oldman as "multi-talented", and as possessing "a great genius and flair for creativity", while ''Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy'' co-star Colin Firth described him as "a candidate for the title of 'greatest living actor'." ''Harry Potter'' co-star Ralph Fiennes said of Oldman, "I love Gary Oldman's work. I just think he's a genius actor."

Oldman has garnered critical acclaim for his diverse performances and portrayals of real-life historical figures and is noted for his avoidance of the Hollywood celebrity scene, often being referred to as an "actor's actor". Oldman's performances have gained the admiration of prominent film critics: Roger Ebert has hailed him as "one of the great actors, able to play high, low, crass, noble". He also said of Oldman, "like a few gifted actors, he is able to re-invent himself for every role". Ebert's co-presenter on the film review television show, ''At the Movies'', Gene Siskel, described Oldman as a "wonderful" actor; following Siskel's death in 1999, Oldman said, "it's pretty overwhelming for a kid from South London to hear the two most important film critics in the world call you one of the greatest actors in the world." Janet Maslin of ''The New York Times'' has described him as a "phenomenal" actor who "since ''Sid and Nancy'' has taken on a string of new accents and dramatic identities with stunning ease." Sid Vicious' Sex Pistols bandmate Johnny Rotten called Oldman a "bloody good actor". Oldman's portrayals of eccentric characters — many of which Oldman has himself described as "wacky or strange" — have occasionally polarized critics. He has stated, however, that he seeks to play more reserved roles at this stage in his career. In reviewing ''The Dark Knight'', where Oldman plays an honest, upright cop James Gordon, Peter Travers of ''Rolling Stone'' wrote that he "is so skilled he makes virtue look exciting". In response, Oldman said, "That's the best review I ever had... I'll put it on my tombstone."

As of 15 September 2011, motion pictures starring Oldman as leading actor or supporting co-star have grossed over $3.2 billion at the United States box office, and over $8.4 billion worldwide. In December 2011, the Palm Springs International Film Festival announced that Oldman would be receiving its International Star Award, which honors "an actor or actress who has achieved both critical and commercial international recognition throughout their body of work." The PSIFF chairman called Oldman "a performer whose ability to portray the most extreme of characters is a testament to the enormity of his talent."

Personal life

Oldman was born and brought up in London, England, and moved to the United States in the early 1990s. Despite numerous lead and supporting roles in major Hollywood productions, Oldman is intensely private with his personal life and is known for his stance on celebrity and the ideals of Hollywood, once stating that "being famous, that's a whole other career. And I haven't got any energy for it." His disenchantment with celebrity culture was reinforced when news reports of an altercation with Robert De Niro circulated in the 1990s; Oldman claims that he had never met De Niro at the time.

Marriages and family

Oldman married his first wife Lesley Manville in 1987 but left her in 1989 three months after their son, Alfie, was born. He met American actress Uma Thurman on the set of ''State of Grace'', and they were married in 1990, but it ended two years later. Oldman then settled into a relationship with actress and model Isabella Rossellini. The couple were rumored to be engaged as of July, 1994 but separated two years later . Oldman was married to Donya Fiorentino from 1997 to 2001 and has sons Gulliver Flynn (b. 20 August 1997) and Charlie John (b. 11 February 1999) with her.

On 31 December 2008, Oldman married English jazz singer Alexandra Edenborough in Santa Barbara, California in a private, formal ceremony. Oldman currently lives in Los Angeles with his family. Oldman's sister, Laila Morse, is also an actress, best known as Mo Harris in the BBC's long-running series ''EastEnders''; she also had a role in Oldman's directorial debut, ''Nil by Mouth''. Oldman supports South East London football team Millwall.

Alcohol and legal problems

His problems with alcohol were well known during the early 1990s. After a string of alcohol-fuelled debacles he checked himself into Marworth treatment facility in Waverly Township, Pennsylvania, for alcoholism treatment in 1993. In subsequent interviews Oldman acknowledged his problems with alcohol, and called himself a recovering alcoholic on a 2001 interview with Charlie Rose. In 2001, former wife Donya Fiorentino claimed that Oldman had a drug habit and abused her, a claim which was investigated by the family courts, child custody evaluator, the police, and Los Angeles city attorney. Oldman was awarded legal custody of their children; Fiorentino was granted short court-monitored visits. Today, Oldman lives a teetotal lifestyle and attributes his success in beating his addiction to Alcoholics Anonymous, and has since publicly praised the organization.

Filmography

+
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
1982	''Remembrance''	Daniel
1983		Coxy the Skinhead	TV
1984	''Morgan's Boy''	Colin	TV
1985	''Honest, Decent & True''	Derek Bates	TV
1986	''Sid and Nancy''	Sid Vicious	Evening Standard British Film Awards
1987	''[[Prick Up Your Ears''	Joe Orton	London Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor of the Year	Nominated - BAFTA Award for Best Actor
1988	''Track 29''	Martin
1988		Ben Chase
1988		Johnny
1988		Clive "Bex" Bissell	TV
1989		Emmett Foley
1990			Nominated - Independent Spirit Award for Best Leading Male
1990		Jackie Flannery
1990	''Henry & June''	Pop	Credited as Maurice Escargot
1991		Lee Harvey Oswald
1991	''Heading Home''	Ian Tyson	TV
1992		Count Dracula	Saturn Award for Best Actor
1993	''True Romance''	Drexl Spivey
1993	''Romeo Is Bleeding''	Jack Grimaldi
1994		Norman Stansfield	Released as ''The Professional'' in the US
1994		Ludwig van Beethoven
1995	''Murder in the First''	Milton Glenn
1995		Rev. Arthur Dimmesdale
1996		Albert Milo
1997	''The Fifth Element''	Jean-Baptiste Emmanuel Zorg
1997		Ivan Korshunov	Nominated - Blockbuster Entertainment Award for Favorite Supporting Actor -Action/AdventureNominated - MTV Movie Award for Best Villain
1998		Dr. Zachary Smith	Nominated - Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor
1998	''Quest for Camelot''	Sir Ruber	Voice
1999		Pontius Pilate	TV
2000		Rep. Sheldon Runyon	Also executive producerNominated - Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting MaleNominated - Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role
2000	''Monsignor Renard''	Unlisted	TV, uncredited
2001	''Nobody's Baby''	Buford Hill	Also producer
2001		Mason Verger
2001	''Friends''	Richard Crosby	Nominated – Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series
2002	''Interstate 60''	O. W. Grant
2002	''The Hire: Beat the Devil''	The Devil	Short subject
2002	''Greg the Bunny''	Himself	TV (1 episode)
2003	''Tiptoes''	Rolfe
2003	''Sin''	Charlie Strom
2004	''Dead Fish''	Lynch
2004		Sirius Black	Nominated - Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor
2004	''Who's Kyle?''	Scouse
2005	''Batman Begins''
2005		Sirius Black
2006	''The Backwoods''	Paul
2007		Sirius Black
2008			Scream Award for Best Supporting Actor
2009		Rabbi Joseph Sendak
2009	''Rain Fall''	Holtzer
2009			Voice
2009	''Planet 51''	General Grawl	Voice
2010	''The Book of Eli''	Carnegie
2011		Father Soloman
2011	''Kung Fu Panda 2''	Lord Shen
2011	''Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2	Sirius Black
2011		George Smiley	San Francisco Film Critics Circle Award for Best ActorRichard Attenborough Regional Film Awards for Best British Film StarNominated - Academy Award for Best ActorNominated - BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading RoleNominated - British Independent Film Award for Best ActorNominated - Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best ActorNominated - Evening Standard British Film Award for Best ActorNominated - Georgia Film Critics Association for Best ActorNominated - Irish Film and Television Awards for International ActorNominated - London Film Critics Circle Awards 2011
2011	''[[Guns, Girls and Gambling''	Elvis
2012		Floyd Banner	''Post-production''
2012	''The Dark Knight Rises''		''Post-production''

Video games

+
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
1998		Jean-Baptiste Emmanuel Zorg	Voice
2003	''Medal of Honor: Allied Assault''	Sgt. Jack Barnes	Voice
2003	''True Crime: Streets of LA''	Rasputin "Rocky" KuznetskovAgent Masterson	Voice
2006	''The Legend of Spyro: A New Beginning''		Voice
2007	''The Legend of Spyro: The Eternal Night''		Voice
2008	''The Legend of Spyro: Dawn of the Dragon''		Voice
2008	''Call of Duty: World at War''	Sgt. Viktor Reznov	Voice
2010	''Call of Duty: Black Ops''	Captain. Viktor ReznovDr. Daniel Clarke	Voice

Awards and nominations

! Year !! Group !! Award !! Film/Show !! Result
		Most Promising Newcomer	''Sid and Nancy''
BAFTA Awards	Best Actor	''Prick Up Your Ears''
1988		ALFS Award for Actor of the Year	''Sid and Nancy''
1990	Independent Spirit Award	Best Leading Male	''Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead''
1992	Saturn Awards	Best Actor	rowspan=2
1993	MTV Movie Awards	Best Kiss (shared with Winona Ryder)
1995	Golden Raspberry Awards	Worst Screen Couple (shared with Demi Moore)
			rowspan="7"
	Best British Director of an Independent Film
Best Original Screenplay by a British Writer of a Produced Independent Film
Edinburgh International Film Festival	Channel 4 Director's Award
	Palme d'Or
	Empire Awards	Best Debut
	Favorite Supporting Actor – Action/Adventure	rowspan="3"
MTV Movie Awards	Best Fight (shared with Harrison Ford)
MTV Movie Awards	Best Villain
1999	Saturn Awards	Best Supporting Actor
	Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards	Alan J. Pakula Award	rowspan="3"
Independent Spirit Award	Best Supporting Male
Screen Actors Guild Awards	Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role
Emmy Awards	Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series	''Friends''
USA Film Festival	Master Screen Artist Tribute Award
2003	DVD Exclusive Awards	Best Supporting Actor	''Interstate 60''
2005	Saturn Awards	Best Supporting Actor	''Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban''
2008	Scream Awards	Best Supporting Actor	rowspan=2
2009	People's Choice Awards	Best Cast (w/ Christian Bale, Heath Ledger, Michael Caine, Morgan Freeman, Aaron Eckhart, Maggie Gyllenhaal)
	Empire Awards	Film Icon
	Best Ensemble	''Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2''
British Independent Film Awards	Best Actor	rowspan="6"
San Francisco Film Critics Circle	Best Actor
London Film Critics' Circle	Actor of the Year and British Actor of the Year
	British Academy of Film and Television Arts	Best Leading Actor
	Best Actor
Richard Attenborough Regional Film Awards	Best British Film Star
	Voice Acting in a Feature Production	''Kung Fu Panda 2''

References

External links

Interview with Gary Oldman on his directorial debut – Nil by Mouth

Category:Alumni of Rose Bruford College Category:BAFTA winners (people) Category:Best Newcomer Empire Award winners Category:English expatriates in the United States Category:English film actors Category:English film directors Category:English screenwriters Category:English stage actors Category:English television actors Category:English video game actors Category:English voice actors Category:Living people Category:People from Deptford Category:People self-identifying as alcoholics Category:Saturn Award winners Category:1958 births

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