2000 BABS Convention Quartz Precision 2nd Millennium Qtet Contest
- Order:
- Duration: 7:07
- Published: 02 Aug 2010
- Uploaded: 02 Aug 2010
- Author: babsquartets
2nd Millennium
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Abd al-Mu'min
'''Abd al-Mu'min' (1094-1163) () was the first Amir'' of the Almohad Empire.
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Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. He successfully led the country through its greatest internal crisis, the American Civil War, preserving the Union, ending slavery, and rededicating the nation to nationalism, equal rights, liberty and democracy. Reared in a poor family on the western frontier, he was mostly self-educated and became a country lawyer, an Illinois state legislator, and a one-term member of the United States House of Representatives, but failed in two attempts at a seat in the United States Senate. He was an affectionate, though often absent, husband, and father of four children.
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Acamapichtli
Acamapichtli (, meaning Handful of reeds) was the first tlatoani, or ruler, of the Aztecs (or Mexica) of Tenochtitlan, and founder of the Aztec imperial dynasty. He became ruler in 1375 and reigned for 19 years.
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Adam Smith
Adam Smith (baptised 16 June 1723 – died 17 July 1790 ) was a Scottish moral philosopher and a pioneer of political economics. One of the key figures of the Scottish Enlightenment, Smith is the author of The Theory of Moral Sentiments and An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. The latter, usually abbreviated as The Wealth of Nations, is considered his magnum opus and the first modern work of economics. Smith is widely cited as the father of modern economics and capitalism.
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Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician and the leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party (, abbreviated NSDAP), commonly known as the Nazi Party. He was Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and served as head of state as Führer und Reichskanzler from 1934 to 1945.
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Agadja
Dossou Agadja was the third King of Dahomey. He succeeded Houessou Akaba, and ruled from 1708 to 1740. [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9003975/Agaja#21591.hook]
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Ahmad al-Mansur
Ahmad I al-Mansur (, also El-Mansour Eddahbi [the Golden], ; and Ahmed el-Mansour) (1549 in Fes - 25 August 1603, outskirts of Fes) was Sultan of the Saadi dynasty from 1578 to his death in 1603, the sixth and most famous of all rulers of the Saadis. He was the third son of Mohammed ash-Sheikh who became sultan of Morocco. Ahmad al-Mansur was an important figure in both Europe and Africa in the sixteenth century, his powerful army and strategic location made him an important power player in the late Renaissance period.
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Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein (; ; 14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a theoretical physicist, philosopher and author who is widely regarded as one of the most influential and best known scientists and intellectuals of all time. A German-Swiss Nobel laureate, he is often regarded as the father of modern physics. He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect".
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Almohad dynasty
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Almoravid dynasty
The Almoravids (Berber: Imṛabḍen, Arabic: Al-Murābiṭūn) were a Berber dynasty of North Africa, who lived between the current Senegal and south of Western Sahara.
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Ashanti Empire
The Ashanti Empire or Asante Empire, also known as the Ashanti Confederacy or Asanteman (independent from 1701–1896), was a pre-colonial West African state created by the Akan people of what is now the Ashanti Region in Ghana. Their empire stretched from central Ghana to present day Togo and Côte d'Ivoire, bordered by the Dagomba kingdom to the north and Dahomey to the east. Today, the Ashanti monarchy continues as one of the constitutionally protected, sub-national traditional states within the Republic of Ghana.
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Atahualpa
Atahualpa, Atahuallpa, Atabalipa, or Atawallpa (March 20, 1497 Caranqui, Ecuador Cajamarca, July 26, 1533), was the last Sapa Inca or sovereign emperor of the Tahuantinsuyu, or the Inca Empire. Born in what is now Caranqui, Ecuador, Atahualpa was the offspring of Inca Huayna Capac and Pacha Duchicela, a Quiteña princess and first-born of Cacha Duchicela. The union was a politically expedient one, as the southern Ecuadorian Andies had been conquered by Inca Huayna Capac's father, Inca Tupac-Yupanqui some years earlier, and there being still elements of revolt among the people. As an adult, Atahualpa became emperor upon defeating his older half-brother Huáscar in a civil war sparked by the death of their father, Inca Huayna Capac, from an infectious disease which may have been smallpox. During the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire, the Spaniard Francisco Pizarro crossed his path, captured Atahualpa, and used him to control the Inca empire. Eventually, the Spanish executed Atahualpa by garrote, ending the Inca Empire (although several successors claimed the title of Sapa Inca ("unique Inca") and led a resistance against the invading Spaniards). After Atahualpa died, the Incan Empire began to fall apart.
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Averroes
'''Abū 'l-Walīd Muḥammad bin Aḥmad bin Rushd (), better known just as Ibn Rushd (), and in European literature as Averroes''' () (1126 – December 10, 1198), was an Andalusian Muslim polymath; a master of Aristotelian philosophy, Islamic philosophy, Islamic theology, Maliki law and jurisprudence, logic, psychology, politics, Arabic music theory, and the sciences of medicine, astronomy, geography, mathematics, physics and celestial mechanics. He was born in Córdoba, Al Andalus, modern-day Spain, and died in Marrakech, modern-day Morocco. His school of philosophy is known as Averroism. He has been described by some as the founding father of secular thought in Western Europe and "one of the spiritual fathers of Europe," although other scholars oppose such claims.
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Ayyubids
http://wn.com/Ayyubids -
Basil II
Basil II, later surnamed the Bulgar-slayer (, Basileios II Boulgaroktonos, . 958 – December 15, 1025), known in his time as Basil the Porphyrogenitus and Basil the Young to distinguish him from his ancestor Basil I the Macedonian, was a Byzantine emperor from the Macedonian dynasty who reigned from 10 January 976 to 15 December 1025.
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Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franklin ( April 17, 1790) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. A noted polymath, Franklin was a leading author and printer, satirist, political theorist, politician, postmaster, scientist, inventor, civic activist, statesman, and diplomat. As a scientist, he was a major figure in the American Enlightenment and the history of physics for his discoveries and theories regarding electricity. He invented the lightning rod, bifocals, the Franklin stove, a carriage odometer, and the glass 'armonica'. He formed both the first public lending library in America and the first fire department in Pennsylvania.
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Bhaskara II
http://wn.com/Bhaskara_II -
Carl Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (Swedish original name Carl Linnæus, also Carl Nilsson Linnæus, Latinized as Carolus Linnæus, also known after his ennoblement as , Latinized as Carolus a Linné, 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778) was a Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist, who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of binomial nomenclature. He is known as the father of modern taxonomy, and is also considered one of the fathers of modern ecology.
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Catherine the Great
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Char Bouba war
The Char Bouba war (variously transliterated as Sharr Bubba, Shar Buba, etc) or the Mauritanian Thirty Years War, took place between 1644-74 in the tribal areas of what is today Mauritania and Western Sahara. It was fought between the Sanhadja Berber tribes resident in the area, led by Lamtuna Imam Nasr ad-Din, and the Maqil Arab immigrant tribes, foremost of which was the Beni Hassan.
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Charles Darwin
Charles Robert Darwin FRS (12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist who established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestry, and proposed the scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection. He published his theory with compelling evidence for evolution in his 1859 book On the Origin of Species. The scientific community and much of the general public came to accept evolution as a fact in his lifetime, but it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed that natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution. In modified form, Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life.[http://darwin-online.org.uk/biography.html The Complete Works of Darwin Online - Biography.] darwin-online.org.uk. Retrieved on 2006-12-15
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Charles de Gaulle
Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle (, or ; 22 November 1890 – 9 November 1970) was a French general and statesman who led the Free French Forces during World War II. He later founded the French Fifth Republic in 1958 and served as its first President from 1959 to 1969.
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chiefdom
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Christopher Columbus
Christopher Columbus (c. 31 October 1451 – 20 May 1506) was a navigator, colonizer, and explorer from the Republic of Genoa, in northwestern Italy,[http://www.questia.com/library/encyclopedia/columbus_christopher.jsp Questia - COLUMBUS, CHRISTOPHER] "Columbus, Christopher". Questia - The Online Library of Books and Journals. 2010[http://books.google.it/books?id=dX4G3Q22UicC&pg;=PR9&dq;=Columbus+born+Genoa&lr;=&cd;=45#v=onepage&q;&f;=true Memorials Of Columbus: Or, A Collection Of Authentic Documents Of That Celebrated Navigator (page 9)] Country of origin: USA. Pages: 428. Publisher: BiblioBazaar. Publication Date: 2010-01-01.[http://books.google.it/books?id=Jvf2Zj_czhIC&pg;=PA127&dq;=Columbus+born+genoa&lr;=&cd;=174#v=onepage&q;&f;=true Native American History for Dummies (page 127)] Authors: Dorothy Lippert, Stephen J. Spignesi and Phil Konstantin. Paperback: 364 pages. Publisher: For Dummies. Publication Date: 2007-10-29.[http://books.google.it/books?id=XNbqUR_IoOMC&pg;=PA67&lpg;=PA68&dq;=Columbus+between+25+August+and+31+October+1451&lr;=&cd;=7#v=onepage&q;&f;=true The peoples of the Caribbean: an encyclopedia of archeology and traditional culture (page 67)] Author: Nicholas J. Saunders. Hardcover: 399 pages. Publisher: ABC-CLIO. Publication Date: 2006-07-15. whose voyages across the Atlantic Ocean led to general European awareness of the American continents in the Western Hemisphere. With his four voyages of exploration and several attempts at establishing a settlement on the island of Hispaniola, all funded by Isabella I of Castile, he initiated the process of Spanish colonization which foreshadowed general European colonization of the "New World".
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Desmond Tutu
Desmond Mpilo Tutu (born 7 October 1931) is a South African activist and Christian cleric who rose to worldwide fame during the 1980s as an opponent of apartheid. He was the first black South African Anglican Archbishop of Cape Town, South Africa, and primate of the Church of the Province of Southern Africa (now the Anglican Church of Southern Africa).
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Eddie Van Halen
Edward Lodewijk "Eddie" Van Halen (born January 26, 1955) is a Dutch-American guitarist, keyboardist, songwriter and producer, best known as the lead guitarist and co-founder of the hard rock band Van Halen, inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Eddie Van Halen is widely known for his innovative performing and recording styles in blues-based rock, tapping, intense solos and high frequency feedback; he is also known for energetic and acrobatic stage performances. The All Music Guide has described him as "undoubtedly one of the most influential, original, and talented rock guitarists of the 20th century."
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Edward Jenner
Edward Anthony Jenner (17 May 1749 – 26 January 1823) was an English scientist who studied his natural surroundings in Berkeley, Gloucestershire. Jenner is widely credited as the pioneer of smallpox vaccine, and is sometimes referred to as the 'Father of Immunology'. Jenner's discovery 'has saved more lives than the work of any other man'.
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Empress Dowager Cixi
Empress Dowager Cixi1 () (29 November 1835 – 15 November 1908), of the Manchu Yehe Nara Clan, was a powerful and charismatic figure who became the de facto ruler of the Manchu Qing Dynasty in China for 47 years from 1861 to her death in 1908.
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Eze Nri Ìfikuánim
Eze Nri Ìfikuánim, was the first king of the Nri Kingdom. According to Igbo oral tradition, his reign started in 1043, although at least one historian puts Ìfikuánim's reign much later, around 1225 AD.
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Ferdinand Magellan
Ferdinand Magellan (, ; , ; c. 1480 – April 27, 1521) was a Portuguese explorer. He was born in Sabrosa, in northern Portugal, but later obtained Spanish nationality in order to serve King Charles I of Spain in search of a westward route to the "Spice Islands" (modern Maluku Islands in Indonesia).
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Galileo Galilei
Galileo Galilei (; 15 February 1564 – 8 January 1642) was an Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer and philosopher who played a major role in the Scientific Revolution. His achievements include improvements to the telescope and consequent astronomical observations, and support for Copernicanism. Galileo has been called the "father of modern observational astronomy," the "father of modern physics," the "father of science," and "the Father of Modern Science." Stephen Hawking says, "Galileo, perhaps more than any other single person, was responsible for the birth of modern science."
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Gamal Abdel Nasser
:''This is an Arabic patronymic name; the family name is Abdel Nasser, taken from his father's given name.''
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Genghis Khan
Genghis Khan ( or ; Mongolian: or ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ, ', or '), ; probably 1162–1227), born B. Temüjin (, was the founder, Khan (ruler) and Khagan (emperor) of the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his death.
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George Gershwin
George Gershwin (September 26, 1898 – July 11, 1937) was an American composer and pianist. Gershwin's compositions spanned both popular and classical genres, and his most popular melodies are widely known.
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George Washington
George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799)
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Guru Nanak Dev
[[Image:Sikh Gurus with Bhai Bala and Bhai Mardana.jpg|250px|thumb|right|A rare Tanjore style painting from the late 19th century depicting the ten Sikh Gurus. There is also a guru called Mohini Patel and she is 18.
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Harry S. Truman
Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884 – December 26, 1972) was the 33rd President of the United States (1945–1953). As President Franklin D. Roosevelt's third vice-president and the 34th Vice President of the United States, he succeeded to the presidency on April 12, 1945, when President Roosevelt died less than three months after beginning his historic fourth term.
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Hongxi Emperor
The Hongxi Emperor (洪熙 ; August 16, 1378–May 29, 1425) was the fourth emperor of the Ming dynasty in China. He succeeded his father, Yongle, in 1424. His era name means "Vastly bright".
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Ibn Khaldun
Ibn Khaldūn or Ibn Khaldoun (full name, , , Berber name: Ben Xeldun; May 27, 1332 AD/732 AH – March 19, 1406 AD/808 AH) was a North African polymath — an astronomer, economist, historian, Islamic jurist, Islamic lawyer, Islamic scholar, Islamic theologian, hafiz, mathematician, military strategist, nutritionist, philosopher, social scientist and statesman—born in North Africa in present-day Tunisia. He is considered a forerunner of several social scientific disciplines: demography, cultural history, historiography, the philosophy of history, and sociology. He is also considered one of the forerunners of modern economics, alongside the earlier Indian scholar Chanakya. Ibn Khaldun is considered by many to be the father of a number of these disciplines, and of social sciences in general, for anticipating many elements of these disciplines centuries before they were founded in the West. He is best known for his Muqaddimah (known as Prolegomenon in English), the first volume of his book on universal history, Kitab al-Ibar. Ibn Khaldun's ideas were not absorbed by his society, nor were they carried forward by its future generations.
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Idris Aloma
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Igor Stravinsky
Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky () ( – 6 April 1971) was a Russian composer, pianist, and conductor.
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Inca Empire
The Inca Empire, or Inka Empire, (Quechua: Tawantinsuyu) was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America. The administrative, political and military center of the empire was located in Cusco in modern-day Peru.
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Isaac Newton
Sir Isaac Newton FRS (4 January 1643 – 31 March 1727 ) was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist, and theologian who is considered by many scholars and members of the general public to be one of the most influential people in human history. His 1687 publication of the Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica (usually called the Principia) is considered to be among the most influential books in the history of science, laying the groundwork for most of classical mechanics. In this work, Newton described universal gravitation and the three laws of motion which dominated the scientific view of the physical universe for the next three centuries. Newton showed that the motions of objects on Earth and of celestial bodies are governed by the same set of natural laws by demonstrating the consistency between Kepler's laws of planetary motion and his theory of gravitation, thus removing the last doubts about heliocentrism and advancing the Scientific Revolution.
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Jan Hus
Jan Hus also known as Jan Huss, John Hus, John Huss (; ca. 1369 Husinec, Bohemia – 6 July 1415 Constance (today Konstanz, Germany)), often referred to in English as John Huss or variations thereof, was a Czech priest, philosopher, reformer, and master at Charles University in Prague.
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Johannes Gutenberg
'''
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John F. Kennedy
John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), often referred to by his initials JFK, was the 35th President of the United States, serving from 1961 until his assassination in 1963.
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Joseph Stalin
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (18 December 1878 – 5 March 1953) was a Soviet politician and head of state who served as the first General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Central Committee from 1922 until his death in 1953. After the death of Vladimir Lenin in 1924, Stalin rose to become the leader of the Soviet Union, which he ruled as a dictator.
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Josip Broz Tito
Josip Broz Tito (born Josip Broz; Cyrillic script: Јосип Броз Тито; 7 May 1892 – 4 May 1980) was a Yugoslav revolutionary and statesman. He was Secretary-General (later President) of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (1939–80), and went on to heroically lead the World War II Yugoslav guerrilla movement, the Yugoslav Partisans (1941–45). After the war, he was the Prime Minister (1943–63) and later President (1953–80) of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). From 1943 to his death in 1980, he held the rank of Marshal of Yugoslavia, serving as the supreme commander of the Yugoslav military, the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA).
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Kamehameha I
Kamehameha I (ca. 1758 – May 8, 1819), also known as Kamehameha the Great, conquered the Hawaiian Islands and formally established the Kingdom of Hawaii in 1810. By developing alliances with the major Pacific colonial powers, Kamehameha preserved Hawaii's independence under his rule. Kamehameha is remembered for the Kanawai Mamalahoe, the "Law of the Splintered Paddle", which protects human rights of non-combatants in times of battle. Kamehameha's full Hawaiian name is Kalani Paiea Wohi o Kaleikini Kealiikui Kamehameha o Iolani i Kaiwikapu kaui Ka Liholiho Kūnuiākea.
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Karl Marx
Karl Heinrich Marx (May 5, 1818 – March 14, 1883) was a German philosopher, political economist, historian, political theorist, sociologist, communist, and revolutionary, whose ideas played a significant role in the development of modern communism and socialism. Marx summarized his approach in the first line of chapter one of The Communist Manifesto, published in 1848: "The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles."
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Kato Kintu
Kato Kintu Kakulukuku (fl. early 14th Century) was the first Kabaka (king) of the Kingdom of Buganda. Kato Kintu is not to be confused with Kintu, the first person on the earth according to Buganda legend. Kato Kintu gave himself the name Kintu, a name that he knew the Baganda associated with the father of all people.
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Leonardo DaVinci
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Ludwig van Beethoven
Ludwig van Beethoven ( (US) or (UK); ; baptised 17 December 1770 – 26 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. He is considered to have been the most crucial figure in the transitional period between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western classical music, and remains one of the most famous and influential composers of all time.
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Mahatma Gandhi
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Mangal Pandey
Mangal Pandey (c. 19 July 1827 – 8 April 1857) (Hindi: मंगल पांडे) was a sepoy (soldier) in the 34th Regiment of the Bengal Native Infantry (BNI) of the English East India Company. He is widely seen in India as one of its first freedom fighters. The Indian government has issued postage stamps commemorating him as freedom fighter and his life and actions have been adapted to the silver screen.
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Mansa Uli
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Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong (; December 26, 1893 September 9, 1976) was a Han Chinese revolutionary, political theorist and communist leader. He led the People's Republic of China (PRC) from its establishment in 1949 until his death in 1976. His theoretical contribution to Marxism-Leninism, military strategies, and his brand of Communist policies are now collectively known as Maoism.
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Marco Polo
Marco Polo (; ) (c. 1254 – January 8, 1324) was a Christian merchant from the Venetian Republic who wrote Il Milione, which introduced Europeans to Central Asia and China. He learned about trading whilst his father and uncle, Niccolò and Maffeo, travelled through Asia and met Kublai Khan. In 1269, they returned to Venice to meet Marco for the first time. The three of them embarked on an epic journey to Asia, returning after 24 years to find Venice at war with Genoa; Marco was imprisoned, and dictated his stories to a cellmate. He was released in 1299, became a wealthy merchant, married and had 3 children. He died in 1324, and was buried in San Lorenzo.
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Matsuo Basho
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Max Theiler
Max Theiler (January 30, 1899 – August 11, 1972) was a South African/American virologist. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1951 for developing a vaccine against yellow fever.
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Mo Ibrahim
Dr. Mohamed "Mo" Ibrahim (born 1946) is a Sudanese-born British mobile communications entrepreneur. He worked for several other telecommunications companies before founding Celtel. He is currently on the board of the Mo Ibrahim Foundation, and is a member of the Africa Regional Advisory Board of London Business School. He is married to Hania, a former consultant radiologist in the NHS, with whom he has a daughter, Hadeel, and a son, Hosh.
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Moctezuma I
Moctezuma I (c. 1398–1469), also known as Motecuhzoma Ilhuicamina, Huehuemotecuhzoma or Montezuma I ( , ), was the fifth Aztec emperor. During his reign the Aztec Empire was consolidated, major expansion was undertaken and Tenochtitlan started becoming the dominant partner of the Aztec Triple Alliance. His brother Tlacaelel held the position of Cihuacoatl "First councillor" during his reign and some sources ascribe a lot of the success of Moctezuma to Tlacaelel, but this may be a postconquest invention (Gillespie 1989:132).
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Moshoeshoe I
Moshoeshoe (; c. 1786 -March 11, 1870) was born at Menkhoaneng in the Northern part of present-day Lesotho. He was the first son of Mokhachane, a minor chief of the Bakoteli lineage- a branch of the Koena (crocodile) clan. In his early childhood, he helped his father gain power over some other smaller clans. At the age of 34 Moshoeshoe formed his own clan and became a chief. He and his followers settled at the Butha-Buthe Mountain.
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Muhammad Ture
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Napoleon Bonaparte
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Napoleon I of France
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Neil Armstrong
Neil Alden Armstrong (born August 5, 1930) is an American aviator and a former astronaut, test pilot, aerospace engineer, university professor, and United States Naval Aviator. He was the first person to set foot on the Moon. His first spaceflight was aboard Gemini 8 in 1966, for which he was the command pilot, becoming one of the first U.S. civilians to fly in space (Joseph Albert Walker became the first US civilian in space aboard X-15 Flight 90 several years earlier). On this mission, he performed the first manned docking of two spacecraft together with pilot David Scott. Armstrong's second and last spaceflight was as mission commander of the Apollo 11 moon landing mission on July 20, 1969. On this mission, Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin descended to the lunar surface and spent 2½ hours exploring while Michael Collins remained in orbit in the Command Module. Armstrong is a recipient of the Congressional Space Medal of Honor.
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Nicolaus Copernicus
Nicolaus Copernicus (; ; in his youth, Niclas Koppernigk; ; 19 February 1473 – 24 May 1543) was a Renaissance astronomer and the first person to formulate a comprehensive heliocentric cosmology, which displaced the Earth from the center of the universe.
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Nikola Tesla
Nikola Tesla (; 10 July 1856 – 7 January 1943) was an inventor, mechanical engineer, and electrical engineer. He was an important contributor to the birth of commercial electricity, and is best known for his many revolutionary developments in the field of electromagnetism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Tesla's patents and theoretical work formed the basis of modern alternating current (AC) electric power systems, including the polyphase system of electrical distribution and the AC motor. This work helped usher in the Second Industrial Revolution.
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Okomfo Anokye
Okomfo Anokye (active late 17th century) was an Ashanti priest, statesman and lawgiver. He occupies a Merlin-like position in Ashanti history. A co-founder of the Empire of Ashanti in West Africa, he helped establish its constitution, laws, and customs.
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Omar Khayyám
Omar Khayyám (), (born 18 May 1048 AD, Neyshapur, Iran—1131 AD, Neyshapur, Iran), was a Persian polymath, mathematician, philosopher, astronomer, physician, and poet. He wrote treatises on mechanics, geography, and music.
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Opoku Ware I
Katakyie Opoku Ware I (1700–1750) was an Oyoko king or Asantehene - the ruler of the Ashanti - in the now-disbanded Ashanti Confederacy which occupied parts of what is now Ghana. He is credited with being the "empire builder" of the Ashanti Confederacy .
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Osei Tutu
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Otto Brunfels
Otto Brunfels (also known as Brunsfels or Braunfels) (believed to be born in 1488 near Mainz - December 23, 1534 in Bern, Switzerland) was a German theologian and botanist. Carl von Linné listed him among the "Fathers of Botany".
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Otto von Guericke
Otto von Guericke (originally spelled Gericke, ) (November 20, 1602 – May 11, 1686 (Julian calendar); November 30, 1602 – May 21, 1686 (Gregorian calendar) was a German scientist, inventor, and politician. His major scientific achievement was the establishment of the physics of vacuums.
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Ottoman Empire
The Sublime Ottoman State (Ottoman Turkish, Persian: دَوْلَتِ عَلِيّهٔ عُثمَانِیّه Devlet-i ʿAliyye-yi ʿOsmâniyye, Modern Turkish: Yüce Osmanlı Devleti or Osmanlı İmparatorluğu) was an empire that lasted from 1299 to 1923.
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Pele
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Peter the Great
Peter I the Great or Pyotr Alexeyevich Romanov () ( – ) ruled Russia and later the Russian Empire from until his death, jointly ruling before 1696 with his weak and sickly half-brother, Ivan V.
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Pocahontas
Pocahontas (c. 1595 – March 21, 1617), later known as Rebecca Rolfe, was a Virginia Indian chief's daughter notable for having assisted colonial settlers at Jamestown. She converted to Christianity and married the English settler John Rolfe. After they traveled to London, she became famous in the last year of her life. She was a daughter of Wahunsunacawh, better known as Chief or Emperor Powhatan (to indicate his primacy), who headed a network of tributary tribal nations in the Tidewater region of Virginia (called Tenakomakah by the Powhatan). These tribes made up what is known as the Powhatan Chiefdom and spoke a language of the Algonquian family.
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Powhatan
The Powhatan (also spelled Powatan and Powhaten), is the name of a Virginia Indian tribe. It is also the name of a powerful group of tribes which they dominated. It is estimated that there were about 14,000-21,000 of these native Powhatan people in eastern Virginia when the English settled Jamestown in 1607. They were also known as Virginia Algonquians, as they spoke an eastern-Algonquian language known as Powhatan.
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Qianlong Emperor
The Qianlong Emperor (; Mongolian: Tengeriin Tetgesen Khaan, Manchu: Abkai Wehiyehe, Tibetan: lha skyong rgyal po, born Hongli (), 25 September 1711 – 7 February 1799) was the fifth emperor of the Manchu-led Qing Dynasty, and the fourth Qing emperor to rule over China proper. The fourth son of the Yongzheng Emperor, he reigned officially from 11 October 1736 to 7 February 1795. On 8 February (the first day of that lunar year), he abdicated in favor of his son, the Jiaqing Emperor - a filial act in order not to reign longer than his grandfather, the illustrious Kangxi Emperor. Despite his retirement, however, he retained ultimate power until his death in 1799. Although his early years saw the continuity of an era of prosperity in China, he held an unrelentingly conservative attitude. As a result, the Qing Dynasty's comparative decline began later in his reign.
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Richard I of England
Richard I (8 September 1157 – 6 April 1199) was King of England from 6 July 1189 until his death. He also ruled as Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Duke of Gascony, Lord of Ireland, Lord of Cyprus, Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, Count of Nantes, and Overlord of Brittany at various times during the same period. He was known as , or Richard the Lionheart, even before his accession, because of his reputation as a great military leader and warrior. The Muslims (referred to as Saracens at the time) called him ' or ' (King of England).
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Roy Mata
Roy Mata was a powerful 13th century Melanesian chief from what is now Vanuatu. His elaborate grave, containing the bodies of over 25 members of his retinue, was discovered by French archaeologist Jose Garranger in 1967 and inscribed on the World Heritage List in 2008. Garranger was able to locate the grave on Retoka island by analyzing local folklore. According to legend, when Roy Mata conquered the land, his first goal was to unite the tribes. His reign is reputed to have been a peaceful one. Sadly, Roy Mata was poisoned to death by his brother, but his body was not buried on his homeland because the locals feared his spirit. To this date, the name Roy Mata is never used.
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Saladin
Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn Yūsuf ibn Ayyūb (Kurdish: سهلاحهدین ئهیوبی, Selah'edînê Eyubî, , Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn Yūsuf ibn Ayyūb) (c. 1138 – March 4, 1193), better known in the Western world as Saladin, was a KurdishA number of contemporary sources make note of this. The biographer Ibn Khallikan writes, "Historians agree in stating that [Saladin's] father and family belonged to Duwin [Dvin]....They were Kurds and belonged to the Rawādiya (sic), which is a branch of the great tribe al-Hadāniya": Minorsky (1953), p. 124. The medieval historian Ibn Athir relates a passage from another commander: "...both you and Saladin are Kurds and you will not let power pass into the hands of the Turks": Minorsky (1953), p. 138. Muslim, who became the first Ayyubid Sultan of Egypt and Syria. He led Islamic opposition to the Franks and other European Crusaders in the Levant. At the height of his power, he ruled over Egypt, Syria, Mesopotamia, Hejaz, and Yemen. He led the Muslims against the Crusaders and eventually recaptured Palestine from the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem after his victory in the Battle of Hattin. As such, he is a notable figure in Kurdish, Arab, and Muslim culture. Saladin was a strict adherent of Sunni Islam and a disciple of the Qadiri Sufi order. His chivalrous behavior was noted by Christian chroniclers, especially in the accounts of the siege of Kerak in Moab, and despite being the nemesis of the Crusaders he won the respect of many of them, including Richard the Lionheart; rather than becoming a hated figure in Europe, he became a celebrated example of the principles of chivalry.
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Samuel of Bulgaria
Samuel (also Samuil, representing , pronounced ) was the Emperor (Tsar) of the First Bulgarian Empire from 997 to 6 October 1014. From 980 to 997, he was a general under Roman I of Bulgaria, the second surviving son of Emperor Peter I of Bulgaria, and co-ruled with him, as Roman bestowed upon him the command of the army and the effective royal authority. As Samuel struggled to preserve his country's independence from the Byzantine Empire, his rule was characterized by constant warfare against the Byzantines and their equally ambitious ruler Basil II.
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Sapa Inca
The Sapa Inca ("The Great Inca"), also known as Apu ("Divinity"), Inka Qhapaq ("mighty Inca"), or simply Sapa ("The Great One") was the ruler of the Kingdom of Cusco and later, the emperor of Tawantinsuyu. The origins of the position are mythical and tied to the legendary foundation of the city of Cusco but historically it seems to have come into being around 1100. The position was hereditary, with son succeeding father. There were two known dynasties, led by the Hanan and Hurin moieties respectively. The latter was in power at the time of Spanish conquest. The last official Sapa Inca was Atahualpa, who was executed by the Spanish in 1533, though several of successors later claimed the title.
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Seljuks
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Shah Jahan
Shahab-ud-din Muhammad Khurram Shah Jahan I (also spelled Shah Jehan, Shahjehan, lang-ur|, Persian: شاه جهان) (January 5, 1592 – January 22, 1666) was the emperor of the Mughal Empire in India from 1628 until 1658. The name Shah Jahan comes from Persian meaning "king of the world." He was the fifth Mughal ruler after Babur, Humayun, Akbar, and Jahangir. While young, he was a favourite of his legendary grandfather Akbar the great. He is also called Shahjahan The Magnificent.
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Shaka
Shaka kaSenzangakhona (c. 1787 – c. 22 September 1828), also known as Shaka Zulu (), was the most influential leader of the Zulu Kingdom.
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Shen Kuo
Shen Kuo or Shen Gua () (1031–1095), style name Cunzhong (存中) and pseudonym Mengqi (now usually given as Mengxi) Weng (夢溪翁), was a polymathic Chinese scientist and statesman of the Song Dynasty (960–1279). Excelling in many fields of study and statecraft, he was a mathematician, astronomer, meteorologist, geologist, zoologist, botanist, pharmacologist, agronomist, archaeologist, ethnographer, cartographer, encyclopedist, general, diplomat, hydraulic engineer, inventor, academy chancellor, finance minister, governmental state inspector, poet, and musician. He was the head official for the Bureau of Astronomy in the Song court, as well as an Assistant Minister of Imperial Hospitality. At court his political allegiance was to the Reformist faction known as the New Policies Group, headed by Chancellor Wang Anshi (1021–1086).
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Simón Bolívar
Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios, commonly known as Simón Bolívar (; July 24, 1783 – December 17, 1830) was a Venezuelan military and political leader. Together with José de San Martín, he played a key role in Hispanic America's successful struggle for independence from the Spanish Empire.
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Sir Isaac Newton
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Sonni Ali
Sonni Ali, also known as Sunni Ali Ber or "Sunni Ali", was born Ali Kolon. He reigned from about 1464 to 1492. Sunni Ali was the first great king of the Songhai Empire, located in west Africa and the 15th ruler of the Sonni dynasty. Under Sunni Ali's infantry and cavalry, Songhai extended to cover a great portion of the Niger River area and gained control of crucial trading cities such as Timbuktu (captured in 1468) and Djenné (captured in 1475). Sonni conducted a repressive policy against the scholars of Timbuktu, especially those of the Sankore region who were associated with the Tuareg whom Ali expelled to gain control of the town.
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Squanto
Tisquantum (better known as Squanto) (c. 1580s – November 1622) was a Patuxet. He was the Native American who assisted the Pilgrims after their first winter in the New World and was integral to their survival. The Patuxet tribe was a tributary of the Wampanoag Confederacy.
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The 100
The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History is a 1978 book by Michael H. Hart, reprinted in 1992 with revisions. It is a ranking of the 100 people who, according to Hart, most influenced human history.
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Thomas Edison
Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847 – October 18, 1931) was an American inventor, scientist, and businessman who developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and a long-lasting, practical electric light bulb. Dubbed "The Wizard of Menlo Park" (now Edison, New Jersey) by a newspaper reporter, he was one of the first inventors to apply the principles of mass production and large teamwork to the process of invention, and therefore is often credited with the creation of the first industrial research laboratory.
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Thomas Jefferson
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Timur
Timur (from the Perso-Arabic form ', ultimately from Chagatai (Middle Turkic) ' "iron"; 8 April 1336 – 18 February 1405), normally known as Tamerlane (from ) in English, was a fourteenth-century conqueror of Western, South and Central Asia, founder of the Timurid Empire and Timurid dynasty (1370–1405) in Central Asia, and great great grandfather of Babur, the founder of the Mughal Dynasty, which survived until 1857 as the Mughal Empire in India.
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Usman Dan Fodio
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Wegbaja
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William I of England
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William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare (baptised 26 April 1564; died 23 April 1616) was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon". His surviving works, including some collaborations, consist of about 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and several other poems. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright.
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Winston Churchill
Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, (30 November 187424 January 1965) was a British politician and statesman known for his leadership of the United Kingdom during the Second World War (WWII). He is widely regarded as one of the great wartime leaders. He served as prime minister twice (1940–1945 and 1951–1955). A noted statesman and orator, Churchill was also an officer in the British Army, a historian, writer, and an artist. To date, he is the only British prime minister to have received the Nobel Prize in Literature, and the first person to be recognised as an honorary citizen of the United States.
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Xu Guangqi
Xu Guangqi (, 1562–1633), courtesy name Zixian (子先), was a Chinese bureaucrat, agricultural scientist, astronomer, and mathematician in the Ming Dynasty. Xu was a colleague and collaborator of the Italian Jesuits Matteo Ricci and Sabatino de Ursis and they translated several classic Western texts into Chinese, including part of ''Euclid's Elements. He was also the author of the Nong Zheng Quan Shu'', one of the first comprehensive treatises on the subject of agriculture. He was one of the "Three Pillars of Chinese Catholicism".
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Yongle Emperor
The Yongle Emperor (Traditional Chinese: 永樂; Simplified Chinese: 永乐; pinyin: Yǒnglè; Wade-Giles: Yung-lo; ) (May 2, 1360 – August 12, 1424), born Zhu Di (Chu Ti), was the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty of China from 1402 to 1424. His Chinese era name Yongle means "Perpetual Happiness".
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Zhu Yu (author)
Zhu Yu () was an author of the Chinese Song Dynasty (960-1279 AD). He retired in Huang Gang(黄岗) of the Hubei province, bought a country house and named it "Pingzhou". He called himself "Expert Vegetable Grower of Pingzhou (萍洲老圃)". Between 1111 and 1117 AD, Zhu Yu wrote the book Pingzhou Ketan (萍洲可談; Pingzhou Table Talks), published in 1119 AD. It covered a wide variety of maritime subjects and issues in China at the time. His extensive knowledge of maritime engagements, technologies, and practices were due to the fact that his father, Zhu Fu, was the Port Superintendent of Merchant Shipping for Guangzhou from 1094 until 1099 AD, whereupon he was elevated to the status of governor there and served in that office until 1102 AD.
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Americas
The Americas, or America, (, , , , , , ) are lands in the Western hemisphere, also known as the New World, comprising the continents of North America and South America with their associated islands and regions. The plural form the Americas is often used in English, as the singular America is ambiguous: America is more commonly used to refer to the United States of America. The Americas cover 8.3% of the Earth's total surface area (28.4% of its land area) and contain about 13.5% of the human population (about 900 million people).
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Angkor Wat
Angkor Wat () is a Hindu temple complex at Angkor, Cambodia, built for the king Suryavarman II in the early 12th century as his state temple and part of his capital city. As the best-preserved temple at the site, it is the only one to have remained a significant religious centre since its foundation — first Hindu, dedicated to the god Vishnu, then Buddhist. The temple is at the top of the high classical style of Khmer architecture. It has become a symbol of Cambodia, appearing on its national flag, and it is the country's prime attraction for visitors.
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Ashanti Empire
The Ashanti Empire or Asante Empire, also known as the Ashanti Confederacy or Asanteman (independent from 1701–1896), was a pre-colonial West African state created by the Akan people of what is now the Ashanti Region in Ghana. Their empire stretched from central Ghana to present day Togo and Côte d'Ivoire, bordered by the Dagomba kingdom to the north and Dahomey to the east. Today, the Ashanti monarchy continues as one of the constitutionally protected, sub-national traditional states within the Republic of Ghana.
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Austrian Empire
The Austrian Empire () was a modern era successor empire founded on a remnant of the Holy Roman Empire, which was centered on what is today's Austria and which officially lasted from 1804 to 1867. It was followed by the Empire of Austria–Hungary, which was proclaimed after declaring the Emperor of Austria also King of Hungary, a diplomatic move that elevated Hungary's status within the Austrian Empire as a result of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867. The Austro-Hungarian Empire (1867 to 1918) was itself dissolved by the victors at the end of World War I and broken into separate new states.
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Borno State
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British Empire
The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom. It originated with the overseas colonies and trading posts established by England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. At its height it was the largest empire in history and, for over a century, was the foremost global power. By 1922 the British Empire held sway over about 458 million people, one-quarter of the world's population at the time, and covered more than 13 million square miles (34 million km2), almost a quarter of the Earth's total land area. As a result, its political, linguistic and cultural legacy is widespread. At the peak of its power, it was often said that "the sun never sets on the British Empire" because its span across the globe ensured that the sun was always shining on at least one of its numerous territories.
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Buganda
Buganda is a subnational kingdom within Uganda. The kingdom of the Ganda people, Buganda is the largest of the traditional kingdoms in present-day Uganda, comprising all of Uganda's Central Region, including the Ugandan capital Kampala, with the exception of the disputed eastern Kayunga District. The 5.5 million Baganda (singular Muganda; often referred to simply by the root word and adjective, Ganda) make up the largest Ugandan ethnic group, representing approximately 16.9% of Uganda's population.
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Chartres Cathedral
The Cathedral of Our Lady of Chartres, (), a Latin Rite Catholic cathedral located in Chartres, about southwest of Paris, is considered one of the finest examples in all France of the Gothic style of architecture. The current cathedral is one of at least four that have occupied the site.
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Conquest of Tunis
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Crown of Castile
The Crown of Castile, as a historic entity, is usually considered to have begun in 1230 with the third and almost definitive union of the monarchies of kingdoms Castile and Toledo in one hand, and the kingdoms of Leon and Galicia in other hand, and with the union of their parliaments a few decades later. In 1217, Ferdinand III was crowned King of Castile and Toledo, and 13 years after (1230), he usurped the crown of Leon and Galicia to their heirs (Sancha and Dulce); however, to reduce his titulation, he is most known as Ferdinand III of Castile and sometimes of "Castile and Leon".
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Forbidden City
The Forbidden City was the Chinese imperial palace from the Ming Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty. It is located in the middle of Beijing, China, and now houses the Palace Museum. For almost five hundred years, it served as the home of emperors and their households, as well as the ceremonial and political centre of Chinese government.
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Goryeo
The Goryeo Dynasty or Koryŏ (Officially the Kingdom of Goryeo) (918-1392) was a Korean sovereign state established in 918 by Emperor Taejo. Korea gets its name from this kingdom which became to be pronounced Korea. It united the Later Three Kingdoms in 936 and ruled most of the Korean peninsula until it was removed by the Joseon dynasty in 1392. Goryeo expanded its borders to present-day Wonsan in the north-east (936~943) and the Amnok River (993) and finally almost the whole of the Korean peninsula (1374).
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Hawaii
: For geographic details see Geography and environment or Hawaiian Islands.
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Ife
Ife (, also Ilé-Ifẹ̀) is an ancient Yoruba city in south-western Nigeria. Evidence of urbanization at the site has been discovered to date back to roughly 500 AD. It is located in present day Osun State, with a population of 501,952.
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Illinois
Illinois ( {{respell|-i-), is the fifth-most populous state of the United States of America, and is often noted for being a microcosm of the entire country. It is the most populous state in the Midwest region, however with 65% of its residents concentrated in the Chicago metropolitan area, most of the state has either a rural or a small town character. With Chicago in the northeast, small industrial cities and great agricultural productivity in central and western Illinois, and natural resources like coal, timber, and petroleum in the south, Illinois has a broad economic base. Illinois is an important transportation hub; the Port of Chicago connects the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River via the Illinois River. As the "most average state", Illinois has long had a reputation as a bellwether both in social and cultural terms and politics, though the latter has not really been true since the early 1970s.
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Kingdom of England
The Kingdom of England was, from 927 to 1707, a sovereign state to the northwest of continental Europe. At its height, the Kingdom of England spanned the southern two-thirds of the island of Great Britain (including both modern-day England and Wales) and several smaller outlying islands; what today comprises the legal jurisdiction of England and Wales. It had a land border with the Kingdom of Scotland to the north, and at the start of the period its capital and chief royal residence was Winchester, but Westminster and Gloucester were accorded almost equal status—with Westminster gradually gaining preference.
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Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary emerged in 1000, when the Principality of Hungary, founded in 896, was recognized as a Kingdom. The form of government was changed from monarchy to Republic briefly in 1918 and again in 1946, ending the Kingdom and creating the Republic of Hungary. During most of its history, it was a considerable state in Central Europe, including, besides Hungary proper and Transylvania, Croatia-Slavonia and a territory known as the Military Frontier.Aldásy, Antal. "Hungary", The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 17 April 2009 .
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Kingdom of Serbia
The Kingdom of Serbia (Serbian: Краљевина Србија, Kraljevina Srbija) was created when Prince Milan Obrenović, ruler of the Principality of Serbia, was crowned King in 1882. The Principality of Serbia was ruled by the Karadjordjevic dynasty from 1817 onwards (at times replaced by the Obrenovic dynasty). The Principality, suzerain to the Porte, had expelled all Ottoman troops by 1867, securing its de facto independence. The Congress of Berlin in 1878 recognized the formal independence of the Principality of Serbia.
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Melilla
Melilla (, ) is an autonomous Spanish city located on the Mediterranean, on the north coast of North Africa. It was regarded as a part of Málaga province prior to 14 March 1995, when the city's Statute of Autonomy was passed.
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Ming Dynasty
The Ming Dynasty (; ), or Empire of the Great Ming (, also anachronistically ), was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty. The Ming, "one of the greatest eras of orderly government and social stability in human history", was the last dynasty in China ruled by ethnic Hans. Although the Ming capital Beijing fell in 1644 to a rebellion led by Li Zicheng who established the Shun Dynasty, which was soon replaced by the Manchu-led Qing Dynasty, regimes loyal to the Ming throne (collectively called the Southern Ming Dynasty) survived until 1662.
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Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire (, ; Urdu: ; self-designation: , ), or Mogul (also Moghul) Empire in former English usage, was an Indian-Islamic power that ruled a large portion of the Indian subcontinent which began in 1526, invaded and ruled most of South Asia by the late 17th and early 18th centuries and ended in the mid-19th century.
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Nri Kingdom
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Pagan Kingdom
The Pagan Kingdom or Pagan Dynasty (, ; 849 – 1287) was the first kingdom to unify the regions that would later constitute the modern-day Burma (Myanmar). Pagan's 250-year rule over the Irrawaddy river basin and its periphery laid the foundation for the ascent of Burmese language and culture, the spread of Burman ethnicity in Upper Burma, and the growth of Theravada Buddhism in Burma and in mainland Southeast Asia. The kingdom fell in 1287 due to Mongol invasions. The collapse was followed by another 250 years of political fragmentation that lasted into the mid-16th century.
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Portuguese Empire
The Portuguese Empire (), also known as the Portuguese Overseas Empire (Ultramar Português) or the Portuguese Colonial Empire (Império Colonial Português), was the first global empire in history. In addition, it was the longest-lived of the modern European colonial empires, spanning almost six centuries, from the capture of Ceuta in 1415 to the handover of Macau in 1999.
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Qing Dynasty
The Qing Dynasty (; ; Manchu: , Von Möllendorff: Daicing Gurun), also known as the Manchu Dynasty, was the last ruling dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 (with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917). It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China.
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Roy Mata
Roy Mata was a powerful 13th century Melanesian chief from what is now Vanuatu. His elaborate grave, containing the bodies of over 25 members of his retinue, was discovered by French archaeologist Jose Garranger in 1967 and inscribed on the World Heritage List in 2008. Garranger was able to locate the grave on Retoka island by analyzing local folklore. According to legend, when Roy Mata conquered the land, his first goal was to unite the tribes. His reign is reputed to have been a peaceful one. Sadly, Roy Mata was poisoned to death by his brother, but his body was not buried on his homeland because the locals feared his spirit. To this date, the name Roy Mata is never used.
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Sennar (sultanate)
The Funj Sultanate of Sennar (sometimes spelled Sinnar), known in Sudanese traditions as the Blue Sultanate (), was a sultanate in the north of Sudan, named Funj after the ethnic group of its dynasty or Sinnar (or Sennar) after its capital, which ruled a substantial area of northeast Africa between 1504 and 1821.
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Sokoto Caliphate
The Sokoto Caliphate is an Islamic spiritual community in Nigeria, led by the Sultan of Sokoto, Sa’adu Abubakar. Founded during the Fulani Jihad in 1809 by Usuman dan FodioMcKay, Hill, Buckler, Ebrey, Beck, Crowston, Weisner-Hanks. A History of World Societies. 8th edition. Volume C - From 1775 to the Present. 2009 by Bedford/St. Martin's. ISBM-13: 978-0-312-68298-9. "The most important of these revivalist states, the enormous Sokoto caliphate, illustrates the general pattern. It was founded by Usuman dan Fodio (1754-1817), an inspiring Muslim teacher who first won zealous followers among both the Fulani herders and Hausa peasants in the Muslim state of Gobir in the northern Sudan." p. 736., it was one of the most powerful empires in sub-Saharan Africa prior to European conquest and colonization. The caliphate remained extant through the colonial period and afterwards, though with reduced power.
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Spain
Spain ( ; , ), officially the Kingdom of Spain (), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar; to the north by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal.
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Spanish Empire
The Spanish Empire () consisted of the territories and colonies administered directly by Spain in Europe, the Americas, Africa, Asia or Oceania. At the peak of its power, it was one of the largest empires in world history. It originated during the Age of Exploration and was therefore one of the first global empires. It lasted from the 15th century through—in the case of its African holdings—the latter portion of the 20th century. Spain had emerged in the latter 1480s with a personally unified monarchy, by the marriage of the Catholic Monarchs or los Reyes Catolicos: the Queen of Castile and the King of Aragon. Rule was separate but internal and foreign policy was coordinated. In 1492 they completed the Reconquista of the Iberian peninsula following the Battle of Granada against Islamic Moors. The incorporation of Granada to the Kingdoms of Castile and Aragon achieved the unification of Spain. That same year Christopher Columbus commanded the first Spanish exploratory voyage west across the Atlantic Ocean, leading to the discovery of America and Europe's eventual colonial engagement in the New World. The Western Hemisphere thereby became the focus of Spanish exploration and colonization.
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Suez Canal
The Suez Canal is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. Opened in November 1869, it allows water transportation between Europe and Asia without navigating around Africa. The northern terminus is Port Said and the southern terminus is Port Tawfik at the city of Suez. Ismailia lies on its west bank, north of the half-way point.
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Tenochtitlan
Tenochtitlan () (sometimes paired with Mexico as Mexico Tenochtitlan or Tenochtitlan Mexico) was a Nahua altepetl (city-state) located on an island in Lake Texcoco, in the Valley of Mexico. Founded in 1325, it became the seat of the growing Aztec empire in the 15th century, until captured by the Spanish in 1521. It subsequently became a cabecera of the Viceroyalty of New Spain, and today the ruins of Tenochtitlan are located in the central part of Mexico City.
http://wn.com/Tenochtitlan -
United States
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
http://wn.com/United_States -
Yuan Dynasty
The Yuan Dynasty (; pinyin: Yuáncháo; ), ), or Great Yuan Empire () was a ruling dynasty founded by the Mongol leader Kublai Khan, who ruled most of present-day China, all of modern Mongolia and its surrounding areas, lasting officially from 1271 to 1368. It is considered both as a division or continuation of the Mongol Empire and as an imperial dynasty of China. In Chinese history, the Yuan Dynasty followed the Song Dynasty and preceded the Ming Dynasty. Although the dynasty was established by Kublai Khan, he had his grandfather Genghis Khan placed on the official record as the founder of the dynasty or Taizu (). Besides Emperor of China, Kublai Khan had also claimed the title of Great Khan, i.e. supremacy over the other Mongol khanates (Chagatai Khanate, Golden Horde, Ilkhanate); however this claim was only truly recognized by the Il-Khanids, who were nevertheless essentially self-governing. Although later emperors of the Yuan Dynasty were recognized by the three virtually independent western khanates as their nominal suzerains, they each continued their own separate developments. The Yuan is sometimes referred to as the Empire of the Great Khan, as the Mongol Emperors of the Yuan held the title of Great Khan of all Mongol Khanates.
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Zulu Empire
http://wn.com/Zulu_Empire
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![2nd Sukuma Millenium Award Spot [Idea : Michal Wilczek]](http://web.archive.org./web/20110824011752im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/KPpyy4OlM90/0.jpg "2nd Sukuma Millenium Award Spot [Idea : Michal Wilczek]")
2nd Sukuma Millenium Award Spot [Idea : Michal Wilczek]
- http://wn.com/2nd_Sukuma_Millenium_Award_Spot_[Idea__Michal_Wilczek]
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"You buy more than You expect!" Director / Camera Operator : Thomas Frick Editor : BCE Luxembourg Script : Michal Wilczek Music : MOBY Produced by : Sukuma [www.sukuma.org]
Macau 1999 and end of the 2nd Millennium
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:25
- Published: 21 Aug 2010
- Uploaded: 11 Dec 2010
- Author: Makmillian
Mak 247 | December 20, 1999 | Macau 1999 and end of the 2nd Millennium ...... Can you tell me name of the artist and and name the music in this clip? Notice: "Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use."
2nd Sukuma Millenium Award : Behind the Scenes
The making of the 2nd Sukuma Millenium Award Clip, filmed both in Bombay and Luxembourg. The theme of the final clip was "You buy more than you expect". For more information please check : www.sukuma.net www.airtemys.com
Millennium 06 2nd Regime Pat Lennen Dustin Latimer Matt Mant
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:46
- Published: 12 Apr 2007
- Uploaded: 27 Aug 2010
- Author: rollingclassics
- http://wn.com/Millennium_06_2nd_Regime_Pat_Lennen_Dustin_Latimer_Matt_Mant
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Millennium 06 2nd Regime Pat Lennen Dustin Latimer Matt Mantz Shayne Skower 1999
Caucasian civilization (5th-4nd millennia BC)
Both results of archaeological, linguistic, historical and anthropological investigations show that before the Indo-European expansion, before the end of the 2nd millennium BC, in the 4th-2nd millennia BC, the related Proto-Iberian tribes were inhabited Asia Minor, the Caucasus and the Aegean Basin (Khaldi (or Khalib), Tubal (or Tabal), Urartu, Geniokhs, Kasks, Mosiniks, Tibarens, Meshech (or Mesekh/Moskh), Hattian, Pelasgians, Hurits, etc.). As a result of the Indo-European expansion, after the end of the 2nd millennium BC happened assimilation of the part of the Proto-Iberian tribes. This were on the most part of Asia Minor and the Aegean Basin. The Proto-Iberian tribes have kept their originality and statehood in the Caucasus (the Ibero-Caucasian peoples). Very important were investigations of the historians and linguists of the 19th century (Fritz Hommel and others). They proposed the terms Alarodian languages and Alarodian tribes. They asserted that Alarodian languages were languages of the indigenous non-IndoEuropean tribes of ancient Asia Minor and the Caucasus (Proto-Iberian tribes). The Georgian Kingdoms of Iberia and Egrisi were founded between the 6th and 4th centuries BC, in the territory of modern Georgia and the historical Georgian region of Tao-Klarjeti). These succeeded to the Kingdoms of Diaokhi (Eastern and South-Eastern Georgia and Tao-Klarjeti (now territory of Turkey)) and Kolkha (Western Georgia) were founded around the end of the 2nd millenium BC <b>...</b>
Vibrations of a mobile phone in slow motion
My phone is so old (from the 2nd millennium, I think), I use adhesive tape to keep the battery in place.
Millenium - A Single Blade of Grass - Teaser (Second Season)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:32
- Published: 26 Nov 2008
- Uploaded: 25 Jul 2011
- Author: clinttheactor
- http://wn.com/Millenium__A_Single_Blade_of_Grass__Teaser_Second_Season
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teaser for the "A Single Blade of Grass" episode of the 2nd season of Millenium. Frank joins forces with an archeologist when the body of a recently-murdered Native American man is discovered amongst ancient remains.
Sumerian Origins of Humans - (3)
Sumer (Akkadian: Šumeru; Sumerian: KI-EN-GIR, "Land of the Lords of Brightness", or "land of the Sumerian tongue" possibly Biblical Shinar), located in southern Mesopotamia, is one of the earliest known civilizations in the world. It lasted from the first settlement of Eridu in the Ubaid period (late 6th millennium BC) through the Uruk period (4th millennium BC) and the Dynastic periods (3rd millennium BC) until the rise of Babylon in the early 2nd millennium BC. The term "Sumerian" applies to all speakers of the Sumerian language. Sumer is widely considered to be the earliest settled society in the world to have manifested all of the features associated with civilization, with the development of writing, possibly as early as 5500 years ago.
Sumerian Origin of Humans - edited (1)
Sumer (Akkadian: Šumeru; Sumerian: KI-EN-GIR, "Land of the Lords of Brightness", or "land of the Sumerian tongue" possibly Biblical Shinar), located in southern Mesopotamia, is one of the earliest known civilizations in the world. It lasted from the first settlement of Eridu in the Ubaid period (late 6th millennium BC) through the Uruk period (4th millennium BC) and the Dynastic periods (3rd millennium BC) until the rise of Babylon in the early 2nd millennium BC. The term "Sumerian" applies to all speakers of the Sumerian language. Sumer is widely considered to be the earliest settled society in the world to have manifested all of the features associated with civilization, with the development of writing, possibly as early as 5500 years ago.
Lost Treasures Volume 3 - Ancient India
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:00
- Published: 26 May 2009
- Uploaded: 27 Aug 2010
- Author: KulturFilms
The story of India is one of fabulous dynasties and kings, timeless belief systems and golden ages of culture. This fascinating program journeys through the centuries to demonstrate how glories such as the Taj Mahal reflect the character of a unique people. Authoritative and entertaining, this program features a stunning graphic re-creation of an Indus Valley City of the Second Millennium BC. Please visit www.kultur.com for more information on this program
Makai - Black Belt 2nd Dan (Millennium A01)
Label:Intercord Tonträger GmbH Catalog#:INT 8 85480 6 Format:2 x Vinyl, 12" Country:Germany Released:1998 Genre:Electronic Style:Drum n Bass
Ancient Sumeria
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:48
- Published: 17 Apr 2010
- Uploaded: 27 Jul 2011
- Author: ParrisVstefanow
My new Public Figure profile is up on Facebook ~ Please add it to your LIKES~ Thank You! lnk.ms Sumer "Land of the Lords of Brightness" located in southern Mesopotamia, is the earliest known civilization in the world. It lasted from the first settlement of Eridu in the Ubaid period (late 6th millennium BC) through the Uruk period (4th millennium BC) and the Dynastic periods (3rd millennium BC) until the rise of Babylon in the early 2nd millennium BC. The term "Sumerian" applies to all speakers of the Sumerian language. Although other cities pre-date Sumer (Jericho, Çatalhöyük and others, either for seasonal protection, or as year-round trading posts) the cities of Sumer were the first to practice intensive, year-round agriculture (from ca. 5300 BC). The surplus of storable foodstuffs created by this economy allowed the population to settle in one place instead of migrating after crops and herds. It also allowed for a much greater population density, and in turn required an extensive labor force and division of labor. This organization led to the necessity of record keeping and the development of writing (ca. 3500 BC). Mesopotamian mythology is the collective name given to Sumerian and Assyrian and Babylonian mythologies from the land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in modern Iraq.
Millennium CC vs KCC Templers (2) | 2nd Game
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:47
- Published: 30 May 2011
- Uploaded: 31 May 2011
- Author: sammykhanhk
Millennium Cricket Club Hong Kong vs KCC Templers HKCA Sunday League 2010-11 2nd Game
Huge Kurgans /Discover 4500 years-old Georgia
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:14
- Published: 19 May 2011
- Uploaded: 22 Jul 2011
- Author: KartvelianHeritage
The Trialeti culture , named after Trialeti region of Georgia, is attributed to the first part of the 2nd millennium BC.[1] In the late 3rd millennium BC. settlements of the Kura-Araxes culture began to be replaced by early Trialeti culture sites.The Trialeti culture was a second culture to appear in Georgia, after the the Shulaveri-Shomu culture which existed from 6000 to 4000 BC. The Trialeti culture shows close ties with the highly-developed cultures of the ancient world, particularly with the Aegean. The Trialeti culture was known for its particular form of burial.The elite were interred in large, very rich burials under earth and stone mounds, which sometimes contained four-wheeled carts. Also there were many gold objects found in the graves.These gold objects were similar to those found in Iran and Iraq.This form of burial in a tumulus or "kurgan", along with wheeled vehicles, is the same as that of the Kurgan culture which has been associated with the speakers of the Proto-Indo-European language.
Millennium CC vs KCC Templers (4) | 2nd Game
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:28
- Published: 30 May 2011
- Uploaded: 31 May 2011
- Author: sammykhanhk
Millennium Cricket Club Hong Kong vs KCC Templers HKCA Sunday League 2010-11 2nd Game
Meshuggah - New Millenium Cyanide Christ. Live at the House of Blues, San Diego. Feb. 2nd.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:42
- Published: 05 Feb 2009
- Uploaded: 26 Aug 2010
- Author: specialblend2786
- http://wn.com/Meshuggah__New_Millenium_Cyanide_Christ_Live_at_the_House_of_Blues,_San_Diego_Feb_2nd
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Meshuggah - New Millenium Cyanide Christ. Live at the House of Blues, San Diego. Feb. 2nd. Shot from the balcony using a Nokia E71-2. Sorry for the occasional shaking...hard to stay still during Meshuggah lol.
Millennium CC vs KCC Templers (3) | 2nd Game
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:16
- Published: 30 May 2011
- Uploaded: 31 May 2011
- Author: sammykhanhk
Millennium Cricket Club Hong Kong vs KCC Templers HKCA Sunday League 2010-11 2nd Game
Nigeria Babangida Coup d'Etat 1983
Nigeria (Listeni /naɪˈdʒɪəriə/), officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal constitutional republic comprising thirty-six states and its Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The country is located in West Africa and shares land borders with the Republic of Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the north. Its coast in the south lies on the Gulf of Guinea on the Atlantic Ocean. The three largest and most influential ethnic groups in Nigeria are the Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba. In terms of religion Nigeria is roughly split half and half between Muslims and Christians with a very small minority who practice traditional religion. The people of Nigeria have an extensive history. Archaeological evidence shows that human habitation of the area dates back to at least 9000 BCE.[7] The area around the Benue and Cross River is thought to be the original homeland of the Bantu migrants who spread across most of central and southern Africa in waves between the 1st millennium BCE and the 2nd millennium. The name Nigeria was taken from the Niger River running through the country. This name was coined by Flora Shaw, the future wife of Baron Lugard, a British colonial administrator, in the late 19th century. Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa, the seventh most populous country in the world, and the most populous country in the world in which the majority of the population is black. It is listed among the "Next Eleven" economies, and is a member of <b>...</b>
Biafra Nigerian minister speaks in French 1970 Chief Ralph Uwechue
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Nigeria (Listeni /naɪˈdʒɪəriə/), officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal constitutional republic comprising thirty-six states and its Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The country is located in West Africa and shares land borders with the Republic of Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the north. Its coast in the south lies on the Gulf of Guinea on the Atlantic Ocean. The three largest and most influential ethnic groups in Nigeria are the Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba. In terms of religion Nigeria is roughly split half and half between Muslims and Christians with a very small minority who practice traditional religion. The people of Nigeria have an extensive history. Archaeological evidence shows that human habitation of the area dates back to at least 9000 BCE.[7] The area around the Benue and Cross River is thought to be the original homeland of the Bantu migrants who spread across most of central and southern Africa in waves between the 1st millennium BCE and the 2nd millennium. The name Nigeria was taken from the Niger River running through the country. This name was coined by Flora Shaw, the future wife of Baron Lugard, a British colonial administrator, in the late 19th century. Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa, the seventh most populous country in the world, and the most populous country in the world in which the majority of the population is black. It is listed among the "Next Eleven" economies, and is a member of <b>...</b>
Millennium CC vs KCC Templers (7) | 2nd Game
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:27
- Published: 31 May 2011
- Uploaded: 02 Jun 2011
- Author: GeoDholaTV
Millennium Cricket Club Hong Kong vs KCC Templers HKCA Sunday League 2010-11 2nd Game
Millennium CC v LSW Knights (23) | 2nd Game 2010-11
Millennium CC v LSW Knights 2nd Game 2010-11
NIGERIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY CELEBRATION 2010 BY VICKY AWUZIE
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:25
- Published: 09 Oct 2010
- Uploaded: 29 Oct 2010
- Author: guosalanguagetv1
- http://wn.com/NIGERIAN_INDEPENDENCE_DAY_CELEBRATION_2010_BY_VICKY_AWUZIE
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Nigeria or the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal constitutional republic comprising thirty-six states and its Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The country is located in West Africa and shares land borders with the Republic of Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the north. Its coast in the south lies on the Gulf of Guinea on the Atlantic Ocean. The three largest and most influential ethnic groups in Nigeria are the Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba. In terms of religion Nigeria is roughly split half and half between Muslims and Christians with a very small minority who practice traditional religion. The people of Nigeria have an extensive history. Archaeological evidence shows that human habitation of the area dates back to at least 9000 BC.[6] The area around the Benue and Cross River is thought to be the original homeland of the Bantu migrants who spread across most of central and southern Africa in waves between the 1st millennium BC and the 2nd millennium. The name Nigeria was taken from the Niger River running through the country. This name was coined by Flora Shaw, the future wife of Baron Lugard, a British colonial administrator, in the late 19th century. Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa, the eighth most populous country in the world, and the most populous country in the world in which the majority of the population is black. It is listed among the "Next Eleven" economies, and is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. The <b>...</b>
photo: Creative Commons / Gerscht
The Forum, housing (among other things) the Millennium Library and the BBC's Eastern England News Rooms. The Millennium Library contains the 2nd Air Division Memorial Library, a collection of material about American culture and the American relationship with East Anglia, especially the role of the United States Air Force on UK air bases throughout the Second World War and Cold War.
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Babylon in 1932
photo: Creative Commons / Paul Gustave Fischer
A Winter's Day on Kongens Nytorv, Copenhagen Paul Gustave Fischer, 1888 Danish art goes back thousands of years with significant artifacts from the 2nd millennium BC, such as the Trundholm sun chariot.
photo: Creative Commons / Giorces
Roman mosaic of Ulysses, from Carthage. Now in the Bardo Museum, Tunisia The earliest known examples of geometric patterns made of different materials were found at a temple building in Ubaid, Mesopotamia, and are dated to the second half of 2nd millennium BC.
photo: US DoD photo
New Berets Symbolize Transformation ---%gt; JDoD2u
photo: US Navy / Lt. Mike Lewis
Musician 3rd Class Sandra Taylor, left, Musician 2nd Class Mike Bishop, center, and Musician 3rd Class Sarah Janiak, right, of the U.S. Navy Band Millennium work with Monarch High School Band Director Kent Jones .
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Altai, Valley Kutsherla in the Altai Mountains
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19th century reconstruction of a map of the world by Eratosthenes, c.200 BC. The name Ariana (Aryânâ) was used to describe the region where the Iranian Plateau is found.
photo: Public Domain / Whbonney
Whisky
photo: Public Domain
History of Pakistan
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CN Tower (world's second tallest freestanding structure) in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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İzmir panorama from Kadifekale.
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Nordic Bronze Age rock art in Bohuslän, Three men performing a ritual, circa 2nd millennium BCE, the Bronze Age.
photo: Creative Commons / Iroony
A wire is a single, usually cylindrical, string of metal. Wires are used to bear mechanical loads and to carry electricity and telecommunications signals. Wire is commonly formed by drawing the metal through a hole in a die or draw plate. Standard sizes are determined by various wire gauges. The term wire is also used more loosely to refer to a bundle of such strands, as in 'multistranded wire', which is more correctly termed a wire rope in mechanics, or a cable in electricity.
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A red-figure vase in the Hall of Twenty Columns
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Bronze ritual vessel (You), Western Zhou Dynasty
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Egyptian Chariot, Char Egyptien
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Funerary mask of Tutankhamun
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The scene of the drum dance titled "Grand Drum Ensemble" performed by the National Dance Company of Korea for the World Library and Information Congress took a place on August 22 2006 at Sejong Center, Seoul, South Korea.
photo: Creative Commons / Mardetanha
Hafezi'eh, tomb of the Hafez(Persian poet) in Shiraz City
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Female statuette bearing the kaunakes. Chlorite and limestone, Bactria, beginning of the 2nd millennium BC.
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Rock engraves, Nadro
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Accadia — Comune — Comune di Accadia
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Dohodno Zdanie is a theatre building which is considered a symbol of the city
![Tsarevets (Bulgarian: Царевец) is a medieval stronghold located on a hill with the same name in Veliko Tarnovo in northern Bulgaria. It served as the Second Bulgarian Empire's primary fortress and strongest bulwark from 1185 to 1393, housing the royal and the patriarchal palaces, and is a popular tourist attraction.[1]](http://web.archive.org./web/20110824011752im_/http://cdn1.wn.com/pd/ff/e2/58e054c1eeaf5b67c5a8800347cb_grande.jpg "Tsarevets (Bulgarian: Царевец) is a medieval stronghold located on a hill with the same name in Veliko Tarnovo in northern Bulgaria. It served as the Second Bulgarian Empire's primary fortress and strongest bulwark from 1185 to 1393, housing the royal and the patriarchal palaces, and is a popular tourist attraction.[1]")
photo: Creative Commons / Beyond silence
Tsarevets (Bulgarian: Царевец) is a medieval stronghold located on a hill with the same name in Veliko Tarnovo in northern Bulgaria. It served as the Second Bulgarian Empire's primary fortress and strongest bulwark from 1185 to 1393, housing the royal and the patriarchal palaces, and is a popular tourist attraction.[1]
photo: Creative Commons
Damascus دِمَشق Dimashq
![Kharkiv (Ukrainian: Харків, pronounced [ˈxɑrkiw]),[1] also spelt Kharkov (from Russian: Харьков) is the second largest city in Ukraine. It was the first capital of Soviet Ukraine, now the administrative centre of the Kharkiv Oblast (province), as well as the administrative centre of the surrounding Kharkivskyi Raion (district) within the oblast. The city is located in the northeast of the country. As of 2006, its population is 1,461,300.](http://web.archive.org./web/20110824011752im_/http://cdn7.wn.com/pd/a5/8d/3dca30ac59e0a1d4c95ef3f98234_grande.jpg "Kharkiv (Ukrainian: Харків, pronounced [ˈxɑrkiw]),[1] also spelt Kharkov (from Russian: Харьков) is the second largest city in Ukraine. It was the first capital of Soviet Ukraine, now the administrative centre of the Kharkiv Oblast (province), as well as the administrative centre of the surrounding Kharkivskyi Raion (district) within the oblast. The city is located in the northeast of the country. As of 2006, its population is 1,461,300.")
photo: Creative Commons / Vizu
Kharkiv (Ukrainian: Харків, pronounced [ˈxɑrkiw]),[1] also spelt Kharkov (from Russian: Харьков) is the second largest city in Ukraine. It was the first capital of Soviet Ukraine, now the administrative centre of the Kharkiv Oblast (province), as well as the administrative centre of the surrounding Kharkivskyi Raion (district) within the oblast. The city is located in the northeast of the country. As of 2006, its population is 1,461,300.
photo: Creative Commons
Vistula valley east (upstream) of Toruń.
photo: Creative Commons
Roman bronze reduction of Myron's Discobolos, 2nd century AD.
photo: Creative Commons / World Imaging
A coin from 2nd century BCE Taxila.
![Tsarevets (Bulgarian: Царевец) is a medieval stronghold located on a hill with the same name in Veliko Tarnovo in northern Bulgaria. It served as the Second Bulgarian Empire's primary fortress and strongest bulwark from 1185 to 1393, housing the royal and the patriarchal palaces, and is a popular tourist attraction.[1]](http://web.archive.org./web/20110824011752im_/http://cdn0.wn.com/pd/ff/e2/58e054c1eeaf5b67c5a8800347cb_thumb.jpg "Tsarevets (Bulgarian: Царевец) is a medieval stronghold located on a hill with the same name in Veliko Tarnovo in northern Bulgaria. It served as the Second Bulgarian Empire's primary fortress and strongest bulwark from 1185 to 1393, housing the royal and the patriarchal palaces, and is a popular tourist attraction.[1]")
![Kharkiv (Ukrainian: Харків, pronounced [ˈxɑrkiw]),[1] also spelt Kharkov (from Russian: Харьков) is the second largest city in Ukraine. It was the first capital of Soviet Ukraine, now the administrative centre of the Kharkiv Oblast (province), as well as the administrative centre of the surrounding Kharkivskyi Raion (district) within the oblast. The city is located in the northeast of the country. As of 2006, its population is 1,461,300.](http://web.archive.org./web/20110824011752im_/http://cdn6.wn.com/pd/a5/8d/3dca30ac59e0a1d4c95ef3f98234_thumb.jpg "Kharkiv (Ukrainian: Харків, pronounced [ˈxɑrkiw]),[1] also spelt Kharkov (from Russian: Харьков) is the second largest city in Ukraine. It was the first capital of Soviet Ukraine, now the administrative centre of the Kharkiv Oblast (province), as well as the administrative centre of the surrounding Kharkivskyi Raion (district) within the oblast. The city is located in the northeast of the country. As of 2006, its population is 1,461,300.")
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NORTH VANCOUVER, BRITISH COLUMBIA--(Marketwire - Aug. 29, 2007) - International Millennium Mining Corp. (the "Company") (TSX VENTURE:IMI) announces the release of its 2nd Quarter financial statements and MD&A; (the "Quarterly Report") for the six months ended June 30, 2007 (BC Form 51-102F1)....
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08/02/2007 06:00:10 PM EDT Business Wire RESTON, Va.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Aug. 2, 2007--Millennium Bankshares Corporation (Nasdaq:MBVA) today announced a net loss of $251,000 for the quarter ended , or $(0.03) per diluted share, versus net income of $834,000, or $0.09 per diluted share, for the same...
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Thu Jul 27, 2006 3:01am ET | | CHICAGO, July 27 (Reuters) - Millennium...
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TORONTO, March 5 /CNW/ - The Millennium BullionFund(TM), Canada's first and only open-ended mutual fund trust investing in equal amounts of gold, silver and platinum bullion, celebrates its second anniversary today. Available to Ontario investors since March 5, 2002, the Fund grew to $3.7 million...
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Portfolio Manager Comments on Year End Results and on 'Cover Up' NEW YORK, Jan. 13 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ -- Third Millennium Russia Fund (Nasdaq: TMRFX), Portfolio Manager John T. Connor, Jr., today announced that it was America's 2nd Best Performing Emerging Markets mutual fund for the Year 2002,...
Third Millennium Russia Fund 2nd Best Emerging Markets Fund Portfolio Manager Comments on Year End ...
13 Jan 2003
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NEW YORK, Jan 13, 2003 /PRNewswire-FirstCall via COMTEX/ -- Third Millennium Russia Fund (Nasdaq: TMRFX), Portfolio Manager John T. Connor, Jr., today announced that it was America's 2nd Best Performing Emerging Markets mutual fund for the Year 2002, which contains 190 emerging markets funds,...
2nd millennium
The 2nd millennium was a period of time that commenced on January 1, 1001 and ended on December 31, 2000, encompasses the High Middle Ages, the Renaissance, the Early Modern Age, the age of Colonialism, industrialization, the rise of nation states, and culminates in the 20th century with the impact of science, widespread education, and universal health care and vaccinations in many nations. The centuries of expanding large-scale warfare with high-tech weaponry (of the World Wars and nuclear bombs) are offset by growing peace movements from the United Nations, the Peace Corps, religious campaigns warning against violence, plus doctors and health workers crossing borders to treat injuries and disease and the return of the Olympics as contest without combat.
Scientists prevail in explaining intellectual freedom; man takes his first steps on the Moon during the 20th century; and new technology is developed by governments, industry, and academia across the world, with education shared by many international conferences and journals. The development of movable type, radio, television, and the Internet spread information worldwide, within minutes, in audio, video, and print-image format to educate, entertain, and alert billions of people by the end of the 20th century.
From the 16th century, humans migrated from Europe, Africa and Asia to the New World, beginning the ever-accelerating process of globalization. The interwoven international trade led to the formation of multi-national corporations, with home offices in multiple countries. International business ventures reduced the impact of nationalism in popular thought.
The world population doubled over the first seven centuries of the millennium, (from 310 million in AD 1000 to 600 million in AD 1700), and later increased tenfold over its last three centuries, exceeding to 6 billion in AD 2000.
Calendar
The 2nd millennium was a period of time that commenced on January 1, 1001, and ended on December 31, 2000. This is the second period of one thousand years Anno Domini.The Julian calendar was used in Europe at the beginning of the millennium, and all countries that once used the Julian calendar had adopted the Gregorian calendar by the end of it. So the end date is always calculated according to the Gregorian calendar, but the beginning date is usually according to the Julian calendar (or occasionally the Proleptic Gregorian calendar).
This millennium is perhaps more popularly (albeit incorrectly) thought of as beginning and ending a year earlier, thus starting at the beginning of 1000 and finishing at the end of 1999. Many public celebrations for the end of the millennium were held on December 31, 1999–January 1, 2000—with few on the actual date a year later. The inaccuracy stems from the assumption that there is a year zero, however this is not the case for this calendar.
Civilizations
The civilizations in this section are organized according to the UN geoscheme. {| border="1" class="wikitable" |+Civilizations of the 2nd millennium AD ! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Africa ! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|America ! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Asia ! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Europe ! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Oceania |- style="vertical-align:top;" | Fatimid Empire Mamluk Sultanate
Events
The events in this section are organized according to the UN geoscheme. {| border="1" class="wikitable" |+Events of the 2nd millennium AD ! style="width:10%;text-align:center;"| ! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Africa ! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|America ! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Asia ! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Europe ! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Oceania |- align="left" !11th Century | 1043 Eze Nri Ìfikuánim becomes first king of Nri Kingdom 1054 Almoravid dynasty established 1060 Kingdom of Kanem converts to Islam 1005 Treaty of Shanyuan signed 1044 Gunpowder recipe published 1124 Arnaldur appointed first bishop of Greenland | 1348 Black Plague 1300 Hawaiians develop class structure 1300 Huge stone statues erected on Easter Island 1535 Holy Roman Emperor Charles V conquers Tunis |- ! style="width:10%"| ! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Africa ! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|America ! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Asia ! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Europe ! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Oceania |- align="left" !17th Century | 1600 Kingdom of Rwanda founded 1600 Dahomey Kingdom founded 1644 Start of the Char Bouba 1624 Manhattan island purchased from Native Americans | 1603 First performance of Hamlet |- align="left" !18th Century | 1700 Maravi Empire tears apart 1754 Usman Dan Fodio is born 1799 Discovery of the Rosetta Stone 1845 New Zealand land wars |- align="left" !20th Century | 1956 Suez Crisis 1967 Six-Day War |}
Significant people
The people in this section are organized according to the UN geoscheme. {| border="1" class="wikitable" |+Significant people of the 2nd millennium AD ! style="width:10%"| ! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Africa ! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|America ! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Asia ! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Europe ! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Oceania |- align="left" !11th Century |Humai ibn SalamnaEze Nri ÌfikuánimYahya ibn Ibrahim | |Shen KuoOmar Khayyám |William the ConquerorBasil IISamuel | |- align="left" !12th Century |Abd al-Mu'minSaladinDunama I |Sapa Inca |Minamoto no YoritomoBhaskara IIGenghis Khan #Telegraph #Atomic theory #Anesthesia #Natural selection #Genetics #Special relativity #Penicillin #DNA #Quantum mechanics | #Canned food #Plastic #Assembly line #Sliced bread #Frozen food #Nuclear reactor #Food processor | #Bicycle #Steam engine #Steam turbine #Internal combustion engine #Steam locomotive #Human flight #Moon landing #Space shuttle #Space station #GPS navigation | #Longbow #Rockets #Aircraft carrier #Nuclear weapon #Submarine #Tanks #Firearms |}
Centuries and decades
{| cellpadding="3" border="0" |----- | align="right" | 11th century | align="right" | 1000s || align="right" | 1010s | align="right" | 1020s | align="right" | 1030s || align="right" | 1040s | align="right" | 1050s | align="right" | 1060s || align="right" | 1070s | align="right" | 1080s || align="right" | 1090s |----- | align="right" | 12th century | align="right" | 1100s || align="right" | 1110s | align="right" | 1120s | align="right" | 1130s || align="right" | 1140s | align="right" | 1150s | align="right" | 1160s || align="right" | 1170s | align="right" | 1180s || align="right" | 1190s |----- | align="right" | 13th century | align="right" | 1200s || align="right" | 1210s | align="right" | 1220s | align="right" | 1230s || align="right" | 1240s | align="right" | 1250s | align="right" | 1260s || align="right" | 1270s | align="right" | 1280s || align="right" | 1290s |----- | align="right" | 14th century | align="right" | 1300s || align="right" | 1310s | align="right" | 1320s | align="right" | 1330s || align="right" | 1340s | align="right" | 1350s | align="right" | 1360s || align="right" | 1370s | align="right" | 1380s || align="right" | 1390s |----- | align="right" | 15th century | align="right" | 1400s || align="right" | 1410s | align="right" | 1420s | align="right" | 1430s || align="right" | 1440s | align="right" | 1450s | align="right" | 1460s || align="right" | 1470s | align="right" | 1480s || align="right" | 1490s |----- | align="right" | 16th century | align="right" | 1500s || align="right" | 1510s | align="right" | 1520s | align="right" | 1530s || align="right" | 1540s | align="right" | 1550s | align="right" | 1560s || align="right" | 1570s | align="right" | 1580s || align="right" | 1590s |----- | align="right" | 17th century | align="right" | 1600s || align="right" | 1610s | align="right" | 1620s | align="right" | 1630s || align="right" | 1640s | align="right" | 1650s | align="right" | 1660s || align="right" | 1670s | align="right" | 1680s || align="right" | 1690s |----- | align="right" | 18th century | align="right" | 1700s || align="right" | 1710s | align="right" | 1720s | align="right" | 1730s || align="right" | 1740s | align="right" | 1750s | align="right" | 1760s || align="right" | 1770s | align="right" | 1780s || align="right" | 1790s |----- | align="right" | 19th century | align="right" | 1800s || align="right" | 1810s | align="right" | 1820s | align="right" | 1830s || align="right" | 1840s | align="right" | 1850s | align="right" | 1860s || align="right" | 1870s | align="right" | 1880s || align="right" | 1890s |----- | align="right" | 20th century | align="right" | 1900s || align="right" | 1910s | align="right" | 1920s | align="right" | 1930s || align="right" | 1940s | align="right" | 1950s | align="right" | 1960s || align="right" | 1970s | align="right" | 1980s || align="right" | 1990s |}
References
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
