Seneca County, Ohio

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Coordinates: 41°08′N 83°08′W / 41.13°N 83.13°W / 41.13; -83.13

Seneca County
U.S. county
Seneca County Justice Center in Tiffin, Ohio
Seneca County Justice Center in Tiffin, Ohio
Official seal of Seneca County
Seal
Map of Ohio highlighting Seneca County
Location within the U.S. state of Ohio
Map of the United States highlighting Ohio
Ohio's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 41°08′N 83°08′W / 41.13°N 83.13°W / 41.13; -83.13
Country United States
State Ohio
FoundedApril 1, 1824
Named forthe Seneca nation
SeatTiffin
Largest cityTiffin
Area
 • Total553 sq mi (1,430 km2)
 • Land551 sq mi (1,430 km2)
 • Water1.8 sq mi (5 km2)  0.3%
Population
 • Estimate 
(2019)
55,178
 • Density103/sq mi (40/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional district4th
Websitesenecacountyohio.gov

Seneca County is a county located in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2010 census, the population was 56,745.[1] Its county seat is Tiffin.[2] The county was created in 1820 and organized in 1824.[3] It is named for the Seneca Indians, the westernmost nation of the Iroquois Confederacy, which was based in present-day New York but had territory into Pennsylvania and Ohio.[4]

Seneca County comprises the Tiffin, OH Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Findlay-Tiffin, OH Combined Statistical Area.

History[edit]

This was long occupied by a succession of indigenous peoples. French, British and American fur traders established relations with them through and after the colonial period.

The county was barely inhabited by European Americans until the 1830s, but this period was one of migration by settlers from New York and New England. The migration was stimulated by completion of the Erie Canal through New York, which connected the markets by the Great Lakes to the Hudson River and New York City. By 1860 the population of Seneca County had increased to about half the current number of residents. It was developed for agriculture, and grew slowly thereafter

It had some periods of more marked increase towards the end of the 19th century, during the Great Depression and the post–World War II baby boom. In 1980 it was censused at 61,901, and has been declining since. Since about 2000, the county's population declines by about 100–300 persons annually, mainly due to a migration deficit of about 300 persons annually. This decline is projected to continue in the future.[5]

Geography[edit]

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 553 square miles (1,430 km2), of which 551 square miles (1,430 km2) is land and 1.8 square miles (4.7 km2) (0.3%) is water.[6]

Almost 80% of the county's total area is agricultural land. Some 10% is covered by forest. Most of the rest is developed, with some allocated for pastureland.[5]

The terrain of Seneca County is nearly level, gently sloping from about 290 meters ASL in the southeast to about 210 m ASL at the edge of the erstwhile Great Black Swamp in the northwest. Most of the county's area is located between 230 and 260 m ASL however. Almost the entire county belongs to the Sandusky River drainage basin; the river bisects the county from north to south slightly west of its middle; Tiffin developed on both sides of the river, which flows north to its mouth at Lake Erie. There is some steeper terrain along the river's course, formed by the occasional ravine of its tributaries.[7]

The Great Lakes moderate temperatures somewhat, but Seneca County has essentially a continental climate. After most of the forests were cleared for agricultural development, the microclimate was disrupted. Winters can be harsh, with plentiful snowfall due to lake-effect snow. Summers are often hot and oppressively humid, bordering on subtropical. The mostly featureless surface does not form any obstacles to the winter winds sweeping south from Canada, resulting in extreme wind chill at times. In a 1906 description, the local climate was described as "rather unhealthful".[7]

Adjacent counties[edit]

Demographics[edit]

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
18305,159—
184018,128251.4%
185027,10449.5%
186030,86813.9%
187030,827−0.1%
188036,94719.9%
189040,86910.6%
190041,1630.7%
191042,4213.1%
192043,1761.8%
193047,94111.0%
194048,4991.2%
195052,9789.2%
196059,32612.0%
197060,6962.3%
198061,9012.0%
199059,733−3.5%
200058,683−1.8%
201056,745−3.3%
Est. 201955,178[8]−2.8%
U.S. Decennial Census[9]
1790-1960[10] 1900-1990[11]
1990-2000[12] 2010-2019[1]

2000 census[edit]

As of the census of 2000,[13] there were 58,683 people, 22,292 households, and 15,738 families residing in the county. The population density was 107 people per square mile (41/km²). There were 23,692 housing units at an average density of 43 per square mile (17/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 95.04% White, 1.76% Black or African American, 0.18% Native American, 0.38% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 1.39% from other races, and 1.25% from two or more races. 3.36% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 22,292 households out of which 33.40% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.10% were married couples living together, 10.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.40% were non-families. 24.70% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.04.

In the county, the population was spread out with 26.00% under the age of 18, 10.40% from 18 to 24, 27.20% from 25 to 44, 22.40% from 45 to 64, and 14.10% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 98.00 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.70 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $38,037, and the median income for a family was $44,600. Males had a median income of $32,387 versus $22,383 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,027. About 6.10% of families and 9.00% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.60% of those under age 18 and 7.20% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census[edit]

As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 56,745 people, 21,774 households, and 14,870 families residing in the county.[14] The population density was 103.0 inhabitants per square mile (39.8/km2). There were 24,122 housing units at an average density of 43.8 per square mile (16.9/km2).[15] The racial makeup of the county was 93.7% white, 2.3% black or African American, 0.6% Asian, 0.2% American Indian, 1.3% from other races, and 1.9% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 4.4% of the population.[14] In terms of ancestry, 47.6% were German, 10.4% were Irish, 8.9% were American, and 8.2% were English.[16]

Of the 21,774 households, 31.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.6% were married couples living together, 11.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 31.7% were non-families, and 26.3% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 2.97. The median age was 38.8 years.[14]

The median income for a household in the county was $42,573 and the median income for a family was $51,216. Males had a median income of $39,494 versus $30,286 for females. The per capita income for the county was $20,976. About 8.7% of families and 11.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.9% of those under age 18 and 8.3% of those age 65 or over.[17]

Politics[edit]

Prior to 1936, Seneca County had supported Democrats in presidential elections, supporting Republican candidates only four times from 1856 to 1932. But starting with the 1936 election, it has become a Republican stronghold in presidential elections. Its support for Democrats Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964 and Bill Clinton in 1996 were the exceptions.

Presidential elections results
Presidential elections results[18]
Year Republican Democratic Third parties
2016 61.3% 14,825 30.6% 7,404 8.1% 1,954
2012 52.3% 13,243 44.8% 11,353 3.0% 747
2008 50.2% 13,823 47.5% 13,087 2.3% 643
2004 58.9% 15,886 40.6% 10,957 0.6% 148
2000 56.9% 13,863 39.1% 9,512 4.0% 976
1996 41.3% 9,713 42.7% 10,044 16.0% 3,754
1992 37.3% 9,763 35.5% 9,280 27.2% 7,107
1988 58.5% 13,704 40.6% 9,504 1.0% 222
1984 67.0% 16,520 32.1% 7,905 0.9% 217
1980 60.9% 14,172 31.4% 7,303 7.7% 1,784
1976 52.1% 11,730 44.7% 10,074 3.2% 712
1972 60.8% 13,939 35.7% 8,180 3.5% 799
1968 52.3% 12,040 39.0% 8,970 8.7% 2,010
1964 39.6% 9,536 60.4% 14,518
1960 61.2% 15,772 38.8% 10,001
1956 73.9% 17,728 26.1% 6,260
1952 71.5% 17,750 28.5% 7,060
1948 58.9% 11,493 40.7% 7,954 0.4% 77
1944 70.9% 15,137 29.1% 6,224
1940 68.6% 16,272 31.5% 7,464
1936 44.7% 9,953 40.4% 8,982 14.9% 3,324
1932 42.3% 9,007 55.9% 11,894 1.8% 383
1928 61.9% 13,369 37.7% 8,136 0.4% 82
1924 53.3% 9,641 34.8% 6,290 11.9% 2,160
1920 54.4% 10,064 44.2% 8,175 1.4% 261
1916 38.5% 4,301 57.8% 6,451 3.7% 409
1912 23.1% 2,362 49.6% 5,082 27.3% 2,796
1908 43.1% 4,959 53.3% 6,138 3.6% 415
1904 50.8% 5,291 45.7% 4,757 3.6% 372
1900 44.2% 4,904 53.6% 5,946 2.2% 240
1896 43.5% 4,988 55.4% 6,347 1.1% 130
1892 41.5% 4,195 53.2% 5,378 5.3% 537
1888 43.1% 4,165 54.1% 5,232 2.8% 271
1884 43.7% 4,004 54.1% 4,950 2.2% 205
1880 44.6% 4,008 53.9% 4,845 1.5% 132
1876 45.6% 3,793 54.3% 4,515 0.2% 15
1872 47.1% 3,128 52.2% 3,462 0.7% 48
1868 45.6% 2,977 54.3% 3,540
1864 48.0% 3,042 51.9% 3,285
1860 48.1% 3,052 50.0% 3,175 1.7% 113
1856 48.6% 2,565 49.4% 2,605

Government and politics[edit]

See also: Ohio county government

County officials[edit]

Office Name Party
Commissioner Tony Paradiso Republican
Commissioner Shayne Thomas-President Republican
Commissioner Mike Kerschner Republican
Prosecutor Derek W. DeVine
Sheriff William Eckelberry Republican
Clerk of Courts Jean Eckelberry Republican
Recorder Michael Dell Republican
Treasurer Paul Harrison Republican
Engineer Mark Zimmerman Republican
Coroner Mark Akers Republican
Auditor Julie Adkins Republican
Common Pleas Court Judge Steve Shuff Republican
Common Pleas Court Judge Michael Kelbley Democrat
Juvenile Court Judge Jay A. Meyer Republican

[19][20]

Transportation[edit]

Major highways[edit]

Other highways[edit]

Airports[edit]

Communities[edit]

Map of Seneca County, Ohio With Municipal and Township Labels

Cities[edit]

Villages[edit]

Townships[edit]

https://web.archive.org/web/20160715023447/http://www.ohiotownships.org/township-websites

Census-designated places[edit]

Unincorporated communities[edit]

Places of interest[edit]

Natural history[edit]

Before widespread settlement, the area of Seneca County was for the most part woodland. Besides the fringe of the Great Black Swamp in the northwest, there was also an extensive area of marshland in the Bloomville area as well as smaller patches of swamp terrain which were formed due to the county's essentially level terrain.[7] Native American inhabitants and later settlers used the region mainly for hunting fur animals, with little agriculture of note until the early 19th century.

Starting in the early-mid 19th century, the county's area was subject to wholesale deforestation. This led to massive alteration of much of the local wildlife, with grassland and farmland animals replacing the native woodland fauna. Migrant waterbirds, in ancient times commonly encountered throughout the region as they foraged in the swamps on their way south, are nowadays rare and concentrate on the few remaining waterbodies large enough to sustain them. The passenger pigeon (Ectopistes migratorius) had several roosting (and probably nesting) places in the county when it was still wooded. Removal of the forest had driven the birds away by the 1860s, foreshadowing its eventual total extinction due to large-scale logging which rendered this species unable to sustain the massive hunting pressure.[7]

Several species of waterbirds, formerly frequently encountered during migration, are only rarely seen nowadays. These include, for example, the common loon (Gavia immer), American wigeon (Anas americana), redhead (Aythya americana), canvasback (Aythya valisneria), and several species of mergansers.[7]

Landbirds were apparently less seriously affected; apart from the passenger pigeon, the ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus), wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) and marsh wren (Cistothorus palustris) had essentially or completely disappeared by 1900. However, it is not known how many of the numerous species of New World warblers, most of which today only occur only as transient migrants, formerly bred in Seneca County.[7]

The Eskimo curlew (Numenius borealis), possibly extinct today, occurred as a transient in Ohio until about 1900; to what extent it migrated through Seneca County is not well known but even if it did it is unlikely that it was often seen after deforestation had gotten underway in earnest. The extinct Carolina parakeet (Conuropsis carolinensis) – or probably individuals of the western subspecies, the Louisiana Parakeet (C. c. ludovicianus) – may have on occasion have occurred in Seneca County as a vagrant before 1862.[7][21]

The only record of the long-billed murrelet (Brachyramphus perdix) in Ohio comes from Seneca County. A stray individual of this North Pacific auk was observed and photographed between November 12–18, 1996. The rare Kirtland's warbler (Setophaga kirtlandii) is again increasing in numbers and may occasionally range as far north as Seneca County.[7][21]

The introduced house sparrow (Passer domesticus) is common since at least the late 19th century. The ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), another species introduced from Europe, never seems to have become really plentiful, though it has been a breeding resident since at least 1901.[7][21]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
  2. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  3. ^ "Ohio: Individual County Chronologies". Ohio Atlas of Historical County Boundaries. The Newberry Library. 2007. Retrieved February 14, 2015.
  4. ^ Ohio State University Extension Data Center (2006): Seneca County data. Version of 2006-FEB-09. Retrieved 2007-APR-28.
  5. ^ a b Ohio Department of Development, Office of Strategic Research (2007): Ohio County Profiles: Seneca County Archived 2007-06-21 at the Wayback Machine.
  6. ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Archived from the original on May 4, 2014. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i Henninger, W.F. (1906). "A Preliminary List of the Birds of Seneca County, Ohio" (PDF). Wilson Bulletin. 18 (2): 47–60.
  8. ^ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved March 26, 2020.
  9. ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
  10. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
  11. ^ Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
  12. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
  13. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  14. ^ a b c "DP-1 Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2020-02-13. Retrieved 2015-12-27.
  15. ^ "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2020-02-13. Retrieved 2015-12-27.
  16. ^ "DP02 SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2020-02-13. Retrieved 2015-12-27.
  17. ^ "DP03 SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2020-02-13. Retrieved 2015-12-27.
  18. ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
  19. ^ "Seneca County Commissioners - Welcome to the Frontpage!". www.seneca-county.com. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
  20. ^ "County". Seneca County Republican Party. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
  21. ^ a b c Ohio Ornithological Society (2004): Annotated Ohio state checklist Archived 2004-07-18 at the Wayback Machine. Version of April 2004.

External links[edit]

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