- published: 19 Jul 2013
- views: 48947
Akkadian (/əˈkeɪdiən/ akkadû, 𒀝𒅗𒁺𒌑 ak-ka-du-ú; logogram: 𒌵𒆠 URIKI ) is an extinct East Semitic language (part of the greater Afroasiatic language family) that was spoken in ancient Mesopotamia. The earliest attested Semitic language, it used the cuneiform writing system, which was originally used to write ancient Sumerian, an unrelated language isolate. The language was named after the city of Akkad by linguists, a major center of Semitic Mesopotamian civilization during the Akkadian Empire (ca. 2334–2154 BC), although the language itself predates the founding of Akkad by many centuries.
The mutual influence between Sumerian and Akkadian had led scholars to describe the languages as a sprachbund. Akkadian proper names were first attested in Sumerian texts from ca. the late 29th century BC. From the second half of the third millennium BC (ca. 2500 BC), texts fully written in Akkadian begin to appear. Hundreds of thousands of texts and text fragments have been excavated to date, covering a vast textual tradition of mythological narrative, legal texts, scientific works, correspondence, political and military events, and many other examples. By the second millennium BC, two variant forms of the language were in use in Assyria and Babylonia, known as Assyrian and Babylonian respectively.
Back to Akkadian! No Codex Hammurapi this time but 3 different kinds of texts (still 2 of them have to do with Hammurapi). The first 2 text are a bit too long to be shown in cuneiform transliteration and transcription. So each of them is shown and read out twice. Translations are available as annotations. For the first 2 texts they show up when each of them is read for the second time. The first text is a letter to Hammurapi and has to do with trade. A merchant is upset about not having got his barley so far. The second text is an inscription by Hammurapi, praising himself and what he did for Sippir and Babylon. The third text is some kind of incantation to get rid of a fly. My pronunciation differs a bit from my Codex Hammurapi video. Here it is influenced by the affricate hypothesis...
The introduction to a miniseries in which I will hopefully teach myself and maybe even some other people the Akkadian/Babylonian language.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F6b3g_4n4ac
Just to practice the active language proficiency of these dead Semitic tongues... For Sabaic I had to "invent" or "construct" some words, because not everything needed for the Lord's Prayer is attested in Sabaic.
Here are the numbers from 1 - 10 (only the masculine forms) in Akkadian, Ugaritic, Hebrew, Syriac, Arabic, Sabaic, Ge'ez, Coptic and Late Egyptian. Numbers are a very basic part of human language and give you a good insight into language relationships.
Ancient Languages: Ancient Egypt / 3100 BC - 332 BC Achaemenids / 550 BC–330 BC Ancient Greece / c. 800 BC - c. 600 AD Ancient Rome / 753 BC–476 AD Assyria / 1813 BC–612 BC Göktürks / 552 AD-744 AD Hittites / c. 1600 BC–c. 1178 BC Akkadians / c. 2334 BC - c. 2154 BC Aztec / c. 1100 AD - 1533 AD Celts / c. 517 BC - C. 100 AD Mayans / c. 2000 BC - c. 1700 AD Sumerians / 4000 BC - 2000 BC Urartu / 860 BC–590 BC Vikings / 800AD - 1066 AD
For the beauty of the ancient Akkadian (Assyro-Babylonian) language, I am reading some selected paragraphs from the monumental law text enacted by His Excellency King Hammurapi, King of Sumer and Akkad, who ruled Babylonia around the 18th or 17th century BC. The first column of each paragraph is the original cuneiform text. The second column is a sign-by-sign-transliteration with the Sumerian names for sumerograms. The third column is a reconstructed transcription (that's what I'm reading out). The fourth column is a line-by-line translation in German. Sorry to those who don't speak German, but originally I wrote that translation for my own studies. For those who cannot understand German I added an English translation underneath each paragraph. Also I must confess that I'm not an expert ...
Read more about the Assyrians at: http://www.assyriatimes.com Have you ever wondered how does the ancient Assyrian language sound? In this video you would hear two scripts read by Dr. Irving Finkel. Dr. Finkel is the curator in charge of cuneiform inscriptions on tablets of clay from ancient Mesopotamia, of which the Middle East Department has the largest collection- some 130,000 pieces -- of any modern museum. This work involves reading and translating all sorts of inscriptions, sometimes working on ancient archives to identify manuscripts that belong together, or even join to one another. The first script is the words of Cyrus the Great (سخنان کوروش کبیر), the Persian King and the King of Babylon. The second script is a piece of poetry about the Story of the Flood.
Create "qa-an" in Akkadian, meaning "reed of" in Neo-Assyrian Akkadian. Click on closed-caption to see my instructions. Thanks to David Helfand for his permission to use the song, "Sea of Reeds."