The packing and bearing had to be regularly inspected, and packing was often added at major stops. The journal was replaceable, but if neglected it would heat to a temperature where the alloy would melt away and leave the brass carrier riding on the steel axle. This would eventually lead to the axle fracturing and the car above falling onto the wheel, which could cause a major derailment of the train. Train worker duties consisted partly of inspecting the train as it ran by, looking for smoke, sparks, or fire. They would then sound the audible report "All Black" to mean the train was not giving off any light energy that would indicate combustion or destruction of the wheel bearings. If the train worker saw "Red" or smoke, he would alert other crew members, or else make an emergency stop to the train to prevent further damage.

When this type of axle box was used, any diesel exhaust smells had to be tracked to their source, as a hot-box sometimes smells similar. Most of the larger railroads use defect detectors to scan passing trains for hot box conditions. Some of these detectors also have "automated mile posts" which send an automated radio signal to the train crew listing the train number, track number, and train speed.

Modern ball, roller or tapered bearings can also overheat, but the likelihood of a roller bearing overheating is usually far smaller than it was with journal bearings. When modern bearings do go wrong, the balls or rollers and their races fail, generating heat which can ignite fires or be the ignition source of a dust explosion in grain, coal, sawdust, etc.

See also

References

Bibliography

Category:Rolling stock

Manu Katché is a French musician of Ivorian origin, born in Saint-Maur-des-Fossés on 27 October 1958. He is a drummer and songwriter.

Career

;Band Preface From 1985 to 1988 Manu Katche formed the band Preface, with fellow guitar player Kamil Rustam.

{| style="margin:0 auto; clear:both;text-align:center;width:90%;" align="center" class="toccolours" | bgcolor=#6699CC|Preface |- |style="font-size:90%;"| Jean Yves d'Angelo | Manu Katche | Kamil Rustam |- !style="font-size:90%;" bgcolor=lightgrey|Discography |- |style="font-size:90%;"|Studio Albums: Palace Hotel | Un an un jour une heure |- |style="font-size:90%;"|soundtracks: Black Mic Mac 2 |}

;Solo career In 1992, Katche released his first solo Album, It's About Time, largely in the Rock genre. His subsequent solo releases have all been jazz. He released his second solo album on September 12, 2005 entitled Neighbourhood, which has contribution from such talents as the aforementioned Jan Garbarek on saxophone, Tomasz Stanko on trumpet, Marcin Wasilewski on piano and Slawomir Kurkiewicz on double bass. His second ECM release, Playground was released in September 2007 (see below). In March 2010, Katche released Third Round, on ECM.

From 2003 to 2007, along with producer Dove Attia, composer André Manoukian and singer Marianne James, he was one of the four judges in the TV-show "Nouvelle Star", the French version of American Idol. He was the most feared of them for his wit and his severe judgement about the groove and the rhythm of the singing contestants.

Since January 2008, Katché hosts the monthly program One Shot Not on Arte.

In August 2011 the album "Rock the Tabla" is released. Featuring Manu Katché, Billy Cobham, A.R. Rahman, Hossam Ramzy & Omar Faruk Tekbilek.

Selected discography

References

External links

Category:1957 births Category:Living people Category:People from Saint-Maur-des-Fossés Category:Jazz drummers Category:French drummers Category:French songwriters Category:French musicians Category:Idol series judges Category:People of Ivorian descent Category:French people of Ivorian descent

Kyle Eastwood (born May 19, 1968) is an American jazz musician. He studied film at the University of Southern California for two years before embarking on a music career. After becoming a session player in the early '90s and leading his own quartet, he released his first solo album, From There to Here, in 1998. His most recent album, Metropolitain, was released 2 June 2009 by Rendezvous. Eastwood plays acoustic and electric as well as double bass. He is the son of filmmaker and actor Clint Eastwood.

Musical background

It comes as little surprise, then, that music was a prominent fixture in the Eastwood home. According to his biography with Hopper Management, Eastwood grew up listening to records by jazz legends such as Miles Davis, Dave Brubeck, Thelonious Monk, and the Stan Kenton Big Band with his parents, both jazz lovers. Eastwood attended the Monterey Jazz Festival numerous times with his parents, as well. "One advantage of having a famous father was I got to go backstage", Eastwood explained in an interview conducted by stepmother Dina Ruiz Eastwood. "I met a lot of artists, greats like Dizzy Gillespie and Sarah Vaughan. Looking back on that, I can see how much the musicians I met there influenced my career."

Eastwood began playing electric bass in high school, learning R&B;, Motown, and reggae tunes by ear. After studying with French bassist Bunny Brunel, he began playing gigs around the New York and Los Angeles areas, eventually forming the Kyle Eastwood Quartet, who contributed to 1996's Eastwood After Hours: Live at Carnegie Hall, a concert saluting Clint Eastwood and his love of jazz. Clint Eastwood has always been supportive of, and interested in, Kyle's work, as Eastwood told The Independent: "As far as my father is concerned, as long as I was serious about my music career, he was supportive of me."

Two years later, in 1998, Sony released his first CD, From There to Here, a collection of both jazz standards and original compositions. After signing with the UK's Candid Records in 2004, Eastwood moved to Dave Koz's label, Rendezvous, which has released his last two albums: 2005's Paris Blue, and 2006's Now.

In addition to his solo albums, Eastwood has also contributed music to eight of his father's films: The Rookie (1990), Mystic River (2002), Million Dollar Baby (2004), Flags of Our Fathers (2006), Letters from Iwo Jima (2006), Changeling (2008), Gran Torino (2008), and Invictus (2009). He was nominated with partner Michael Stevens for a 2006 Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Original Score (Letters from Iwo Jima).

Other work

Family life

Discography

Filmography

Composer/Performer/Arranger

Actor

References

External links

Category:1968 births Category:American actors Category:American composers Category:American jazz bass guitarists Category:American jazz double-bassists Category:Eastwood family Category:Living people Category:Musicians from Los Angeles, California Category:Smooth jazz musicians Category:American film score composers