- published: 03 May 2016
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Titanium isopropoxide is a chemical compound with the formula Ti{OCH(CH3)2}4. This alkoxide of titanium(IV) is used in organic synthesis and materials science.
The structures of the titanium alkoxides are often complex. Crystalline titanium methoxide is tetrameric with the molecular formula Ti4(OCH3)16. Alkoxides derived from bulkier alcohols such as isopropanol aggregate less. Titanium isopropoxide is mainly a monomer in nonpolar solvents. It is a diamagnetic tetrahedral molecule.
It is prepared by treating titanium tetrachloride with isopropanol. Hydrogen chloride is formed as a coproduct:
Titanium isopropoxide reacts with water to deposit titanium dioxide:
This reaction is employed in the sol-gel synthesis of TiO2-based materials. Typically water is added to a solution of the alkoxide in an alcohol. The nature of the inorganic product is determined by the presence of additives (e.g. acetic acid), the amount of water, and the rate of mixing.
Titanium isopropoxide is a component of the Sharpless epoxidation, a method for the synthesis of chiral epoxides. The compound is also used as a catalyst for the preparation of certain cyclopropanes in the Kulinkovich reaction. Prochiral thioethers are oxidized enantioselectively using a catalyst derived from Ti(O-i-Pr)4.
Julian Paul Assange ( /əˈsɒnʒ/ ə-SONZH; born 3 July 1971) is an Australian computer programmer, political/internet activist, publisher, and journalist. He is best known as the editor in chief and founder of WikiLeaks, a media website which publishes information from whistleblowers. The site acts as a conduit for worldwide news leaks, with a stated purpose of creating open governance.
WikiLeaks has published material about extrajudicial killings in Kenya, toxic waste dumping in Côte d'Ivoire, Church of Scientology manuals, Guantanamo Bay procedures, and banks such as Kaupthing and Julius Baer. In 2010, WikiLeaks published Iraq War documents and Afghan War documents about American involvement in the wars, some of which was classified material. On 28 November 2010, WikiLeaks and its five international print media partners (Der Spiegel, The New York Times, Le Monde, The Guardian and El País) began publishing U.S. diplomatic cables.
Assange was a hacker-activist in his youth, before becoming a computer programmer and then becoming internationally renowned for his work with WikiLeaks. He has lived in several countries and has made public appearances in many parts of the world to speak about freedom of the press, censorship, and investigative journalism. He has received numerous awards and nominations, including the 2009 Amnesty International Media Award, Readers' Choice for TIME magazine's 2010 Person of the Year, the 2011 Sydney Peace Foundation gold medal and the 2011 Martha Gellhorn Prize for Journalism.Snorre Valen, a Norwegian parliamentarian, nominated him for the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize.
Tomorrow I will go to San Francisco
I bought the flight by accident last night
Later I´ll be dancing down in Rio
And Australia is on the other side
[Bridge]
I´m sick of this security I have with every step I ever
make
It´s like hell
Even if your words would fly like butterflies
I would not be afraid
´cause there´s nothing left to say
[Chorus]
Your commentary is not necessary
I made up my mind today
And noone can say
That it´s too far away
Coz I made up my mind today
and I´m sure
Many years have passed, they stole my longing
A trip around the world has been my dream
Behind the wall of silent hope, still waiting
That a princess in a golden cage is freed
[Bridge, Chorus]
I will taste the air on every continent
and maybe find a place to stay
I´ll think about your words when I see butterflies
and drink the best champagne
to your health
[1.strophe, Chorus(2x)]