This article is about the capital city of West Bengal, India. For the namesake district, see Kolkata district. "Calcutta" redirects here. For other uses, see Calcutta (disambiguation). Kolkata কলকাতা Calcutta Metropolis Clockwise from top: Victoria Memorial, St. Paul's Cathedral, central business district, Howrah Bridge, city tram line, Vidyasagar Bridge Nickname(s): City of Joy Cultural Capital of India Kolkata Location of Kolkata in West Bengal Coordinates: 22.567°N 88.367°ECoordinates: 22.567°N 88.367°E Country India State West Bengal Division Presidency District Kolkata[A] Government • Type Mayor--Council • Body KMC • Mayor Sovan Chatterjee[1] • Sheriff Indrajit Ray[2] • Police commissioner Surajit Kar Purakayastha[3] Area • Metropolis 185 km2 (71 sq mi) • Metro 1,886.67 km2 (728.45 sq mi) Elevation 9 m (30 ft) Population (2011)[4] • Metropolis 4,486,679 • Rank 7th • Density 24,000/km2 (63,000/sq mi) • Metro[5] 14,112,536 • Metro rank 3rd • Metropolitan 14,617,882 (3rd) Demonym Calcuttan Time zone IST (UTC+05:30) ZIP code(s) 700 001 to 700 157 Area code(s) +91-33 Vehicle registration WB 01 to WB 10 UN/LOCODE IN CCU Official languages Bengali and English Website www.kmcgov.in Jump up ^ The Kolkata metropolitan area also includes portions of North 24 Parganas, South 24 Parganas, Howrah, Nadia, and Hooghly districts. See: Urban structure. You may need rendering support to display the Bengali (Bangla) text in this article correctly. Kolkata /koʊlˈkɑːtɑː/ (Bengali: কলকাতা, কোলকাতা) (also known as Calcutta /kælˈkʌtə/) is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. Located on the east bank of the Hooghly river, it is the principal commercial, cultural, and educational centre of East India, while the Port of Kolkata is India's oldest operating port as well as its sole major riverine port. As of 2011, the city had 4.5 million residents; the urban agglomeration, which comprises the city and its suburbs, was home to approximately 14.1 million, making it the third-most populous metropolitan area in India. As of 2008, its economic output as measured by gross domestic product ranked third among South Asian cities, behind Mumbai and Delhi.[6] As a growing metropolitan city in a developing country, Kolkata confronts substantial urban pollution, traffic congestion, poverty, overpopulation, and other logistic and socioeconomic problems. In the late 17th century, the three villages that predated Kolkata were ruled by the Nawab of Bengal under Mughal suzerainty. After the Nawab granted the East India Company a trading license in 1690,[7] the area was developed by the Company into an increasingly fortified mercantile base. Nawab Siraj ud-Daulah occupied Kolkata in 1756, and the East India Company retook it in the following year and by 1772 assumed full sovereignty. Under East India Company and later under the British Raj, Kolkata served as the capital of India until 1911, when its perceived geographical disadvantages, combined with growing nationalism in Bengal, led to a shift of the capital to New Delhi. The city was a centre of the Indian independence movement; it remains a hotbed of contemporary state politics. Following Indian independence in 1947, Kolkata—which was once the centre of modern Indian education, science, culture, and politics—witnessed several decades of relative economic stagnation. Since the early 2000s, an economic rejuvenation has led to accelerated growth. As a nucleus of the 19th- and early 20th-century Bengal Renaissance and a religiously and ethnically diverse centre of culture in Bengal and India, Kolkata has established local traditions in drama, art, film, theatre, and literature that have gained wide audiences. Many people from Kolkata—among them several Nobel laureates—have contributed to the arts, the sciences, and other areas, while Kolkata culture features idiosyncrasies that include distinctively close-knit neighbourhoods (paras) and freestyle intellectual exchanges (adda). West Bengal's share of the Bengali film industry is based in the city, which also hosts venerable cultural institutions of national importance, such as the Academy of Fine Arts, the Victoria Memorial, the Asiatic Society, the Indian Museum, and the National Library of India. Though home to major cricketing venues and franchises, Kolkata differs from other Indian cities by giving importance to association football and other sports.

• published: 02 Jan 2014
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