A bottle of Turkish rose water

Rose water is the hydrosol portion of the distillate of rose petals. Rose water, itself a by-product of the production of rose oil for use in perfume, is used to flavour food, as a component in some cosmetic and medical preparations, and for religious purposes throughout Europe and Asia. Rose syrup is made from rose water, with sugar added.

Origin[link]

Since ancient times, the rose has been highly prized for its source of perfume, medicinal use and nutritional properties. In fact so much so that, ancient Greeks, Romans and Phoenecians placed as much importance on large public rose gardens as they did on wheat fields and fruit orchards.^[1]

Rose perfumes are made from rose oil, also called attar of roses, which is a mixture of volatile essential oils obtained by steam-distilling the crushed petals of roses, a process first developed in Persia and Bulgaria.^{[citation needed]} Rose water is a by-product of this process.

In other cultures[link]

Rose water has a very distinctive flavour and is used heavily in Iranian cuisine—especially in sweets such as nougat, raahat and baklava. For example, rose water is used to give gulab jamuns and some types of loukoum (or "Turkish Delight") their distinctive flavours. Beside food usage, they used it as perfume especially in religious ceremonies (both Muslims and Zoroastrians).

The Cypriot version of mahleb uses rosewater.^[2] In Iran, it is also added to tea, ice cream, cookies and other sweets in small quantities, and in the Arab world and India it is used to flavour milk and dairy-based dishes such as rice pudding. It is also a key ingredient in sweet lassi, a drink made from yogurt, sugar and various fruit juices, and is also used to make jallab. In Malaysia and Singapore, rose water is mixed with milk, sugar and pink food colouring to make a sweet drink called bandung. Rose water is frequently used as a halal substitute for red wine and other alcohols in cooking.

In Western Europe, rose water (as well as orange flower water) is sometimes used to flavour marzipan. Rose water was also used to make Waverly Jumbles, a type of cookie much favoured by the American President James Monroe. American and European bakers enjoyed the floral flavouring of rose water in their baking until the 19th century when vanilla flavouring became popular.

In the United States, rose syrup is used to make rose scones and marshmallows.

A rose water ointment is occasionally used as an emollient, and rose water is sometimes used in cosmetics such as cold creams. Water used to clean the Kaaba, the Qibla for Muslims located in Mecca, combines Zamzam water with rose water as an additive. Rose water is used in some Hindu rituals as well. Rose water also figures in Christianity, particularly in the Eastern Orthodox Church.^[3]

Rose water was first produced by Muslim chemists in the medieval Islamic world through the distillation of roses, for use in the drinking and perfumery industries.^[4]

In parts of the Middle East, rose water is commonly added to lemonade.

In India, rose water is used as eye drops to clear them. Some people in India also use rose water as spray applied directly to the face for natural fragrance and moisturiser, especially during winters. It is also used in Indian sweets and other food preparations. Rose water is often sprinkled in Indian weddings to welcome guests.

Composition[link]

Depending on the origin and type of manufacturing method of rosewater obtained from the sepals and petals of Rosa damascena from Central Iran through steam distillation, the following monoterpenoid and alkane components could be identified with GC-MS: mostly citronellol, nonadecane, geraniol and phenyl ethyl alcohol, and also henicosane, 9-nonadecen, eicosane, linalool, citronellyl acetate, methyleugenol, heptadecane, pentadecane, docosane, nerol, disiloxane, octadecane, and pentacosane. Usually, phenylethyl alcohol is responsible for the typical odour of rose water but not always present in rosewater products.^[5]

See also[link]

• Damascus rose water
• Rose history by Rosense UK

References[link]

External links[link]

Look up rose water in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

• Oman’s Rose Water in Jebel Akhdar

Mark Rosewater is a Magic: The Gathering card designer. He is currently Magic's head designer.

Biography[link]

Rosewater grew up in Pepper Pike, Ohio, where he attended the Orange High School.^[1] Rosewater has a Jewish background.^[2] Rosewater has described himself in his youth as a "social outcast", who did not have many friends.^[3] He was particularly small, smart and was bullied by other children.^[4] In his youth, he worked as a professional magician.^[5]

Rosewater attended Boston University, where he got a Bachelor of Science in Communication.^[6]

Career[link]

Television[link]

After graduating, Rosewater started his career in television as a runner.^[7] He then found work as a writer. Before 1994 he was on the writing staff of Roseanne.^[8] He is credited for two Roseanne episodes: "Vegas, Vegas" and "Take My Bike, Please", both aired in 1991.^[9] He considered his time in Hollywood a "roller coaster ride."^[10] While working as a free lance writer he took a job at a game store in order to have some social contacts. Working there he first found out about Magic: The Gathering from a customer.^[11]

Magic: The Gathering[link]

Since 1995, Mark Rosewater has worked for Wizards of the Coast, the company which makes Magic: The Gathering. He wrote puzzles based on Magic cards and other articles for the The Duelist, the Wizards of the Coast magazine promoting and covering Magic.^[12] In 1996 Magic: The Puzzling was published, a collection of 25 puzzles written for The Duelist.^[13] Since 1996 Rosewater has worked for Wizards of the Coast as a designer of Magic cards. Rosewater has designed at least one card for every Magic expansion since Alliances. While working for Wizards of the Coast, he wrote columns called “Insider Trading” for the magazines The Duelist, Topdeck, and The Sideboard which gave an inside look at Magic design.^[14]

Rosewater has been the lead designer for Tempest, Urza’s Destiny, Odyssey,^[8] Mirrodin, Ravnica: City of Guilds, Future Sight, Shadowmoor, Eventide, and Zendikar. He was also the sole designer of Unglued;^[15] in it he combined his career as a magic card designer with his previous career as a comedy writer. Picking up on the comic note of the "un"-sets, he judged the Unglued pre-release wearing a chicken suit and the Unhinged pre-release wearing a donkey suit.^[16] He also wrote flavor text in various sets including Mirage and Tempest.^[17]

Rosewater championed the Pro Tournament for years, including the important idea of having feature matches at professional events.

Since 2002, Rosewater has a weekly column called "Making Magic" on magicthegathering.com, the official site of Wizards of the Coast. In these columns, much like in his previous "Insider Trader"-columns he gives an inside look on how Magic cards are created.^[14] He has written on many controversial subjects, such as why Wizards of the Coast makes "bad rares".^[18][19] Other key subjects of his columns include Wizards of the Coast's "psychographic" profiles of players called "Timmy", "Johnny", and "Spike"^[20][21][22] and the color wheel.^{[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]} He often writes his articles in off-the-wall or unusual styles. For instance in one column he took the perspective of the Magic card "Welding Jar",^[31] in another he wrote from the perspective of the mechanic "splice".^[32] One article, which even had the subject "Mark Rosewater Admits He’s %#@$ Insane!" was written like a bulletin board on one of his columns.^[33] Many articles also touch upon his personal life.^[11] Rosewater claims he reads every email sent to him and has written several mailbag columns in which he responds to praise and criticism alike.^[34][35]

In December 2003 he became Magic's lead designer, later called head designer.^[36] Before that he was senior head designer.^[8] As head designer Rosewater has written a "State of Design"-column every year, in it he has reviewed the Magic design of the last year and he has written his plans for future Magic designs. His most important contribution as a head designer is the institution of block design.^[37]

Mark Rosewater's nickname is Maro. This came about because the old email system of WotC had a feature that could complete names based on the letters typed in and Bill Rose found out that the shortest unique combination of letters that he could write to email Mark Rosewater was Maro.^[12] In the Mirage expansion of the card game, a creature card named "Maro" named after him was included; Rosewater claims that it is his favorite magic card.^[12] Look at Me, I'm the DCI is his second favorite card. He made the art of this card himself.^[10] Rosewater considers his personality to align with that ascribed to blue-red in the game itself,^[38] and the player profile of "Johnny."^[11]

Private life[link]

Rosewater is married to Lora Rosewater.^[8] They have three children; a daughter Rachel (born 2000) and twins Adam and Sarah (born 2004).^[39] As a hobby Rosewater likes "stereotypically geeky things", such as comics, television, games and writing.^[11] For instance he owns a collection of action figures of comic book characters.^[40]

References[link]

External links[link]

• All Mark Rosewater articles on magicthegathering.com
• profile on IMDB.com
• Tales from the Pit, Mark Rosewater's blog on Tumblr

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2009)

Pandit Vishwa Mohan Bhatt
Background information
Also known as	V. M. Bhatt
Born	(1950-07-27) July 27, 1950 (age 61)
Origin	Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Genres	Indian classical music
Occupations	Mohan Veena/Slide Guitar Player
Instruments	Mohan Veena
Years active	1965–present
Website	Official site
Notable instruments
Mohan Veena(Modified slide guitar), Vishwa Veena(Modified Slide Guitar

Vishwa Mohan Bhatt also known as V. M. Bhatt (born July 12, 1950) is an Indian slide guitar player. Bhatt is the creator of the Mohan Veena.^[1] He performs Hindustani classical music and won a Grammy Award in 1994.

It is for his Grammy winning album A Meeting by the River with Ry Cooder and other fusion and pan-cultural collaborations with Western artists like Taj Mahal, Béla Fleck and Jerry Douglas, that Bhatt is best known, although exposure such as an appearance on the 2004 Crossroads Guitar Festival, which was organized by Eric Clapton, does allow for this side of his playing to reach a larger audience.

He received the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 1998 and the Padma Shri in 2002.^[2][3]

Folk musician Harry Manx, who studied with Salil Bhatt and Vishwa Mohan Bhatt for five years, plays a Mohan Veena. Counting Crows' Bassist Matt Malley also plays a Mohan Veena and is a student and friend of Vishwa Mohan Bhatt.Australian Musician Lawrie Minson also learnt Mohan Veena from Salil and Vishwa Mohan Bhatt.

Personal life[link]

Vishwa Mohan lives in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, with his two sons and his wife.^[4] His elder son Salil Bhatt is a renowned Mohan veena player (and also a player of the Satvik veena), whose album Slide to Freedom Part II was nominated for the Canadian JUNO AWARD and also featured in pre-Grammy nominations list, while his younger son Saurabh Bhatt is a well known composer.Vishwa Mohan Bhatt's grandson Satvik Bhatt is also a musician and a Limca Book Of World Record holder for being world's youngest Mohan Veena Player at the age of 3 and a half years and also for identifying 45 ragas at the age of 3 and a half years. Vishwa Mohan Bhatt's parents late Manmohan Bhatt and late Chandrakala Bhatt were also teaching and performing musicians who imparted knowledge of music to V.M Bhatt. ^[5]

His nephew, Krishna Bhatt, plays the sitar and tabla.

V.M.Bhatt performing in Warszawa, September 2009

Select discography[link]

• 1992 - Guitar A La Hindustan, Magnasound (India)
• 1992 - Saradamani, Water Lily Acoustics
• 1993 - Gathering Rain Clouds, Water Lily Acoustics
• 1993 - A Meeting by the River (with Ry Cooder), Water Lily Acoustics
• 1995 - Bourbon & Rosewater (with Jerry Douglas & Edgar Meyer), Water Lily Acoustics
• 1995 - Mumtaz Mahal (with Taj Mahal & N. Ravikiran), Water Lily Acoustics
• 1996 - Saltanah (with Simon Shaheen), Water Lily Acoustics
• 1996 - Tabula Rasā (with Béla Fleck & Jie-Bing Chen), Water Lily Acoustics
• 1996 - Sounds of Strings, Music today, India
• 2008 - Mohan's Veena, Times Music, India
• 2010 - Desert Slide, Times Music, India
• 2010 - Mohan's Veena II, Times Music, India
• 2011 - Groove Caravan, Deeksha Records, Canada

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Vishwa Mohan Bhatt

• Official site
• Official site

Jerry Douglas
Background information
Born	(1956-05-28) May 28, 1956 (age 56) Warren, Ohio
Instruments	Dobro
Years active	1970s–present
Website	Official website

Jerry Douglas (born Gerald Calvin Douglas, May 28, 1956 in Warren, Ohio) is an American record producer and resonator guitar player. Called "Dobro's matchless contemporary master," by The New York Times, and lauded as "my favorite musician" by John Fogerty, Douglas is one of the world’s most renowned musicians.

Career[link]

In addition to his thirteen solo recordings, Douglas has played on more than 1600 albums.^[1] As a sideman, he has recorded with artists as diverse as Ray Charles, Eric Clapton, Phish, Dolly Parton, Paul Simon, Mumford & Sons, Keb' Mo', Ricky Skaggs, Elvis Costello, and Johnny Mathis, as well as performing on the O Brother, Where Art Thou? soundtrack. He has been part of such notable groups as The Whites, J. D. Crowe and the New South, The Country Gentlemen, Strength in Numbers, and Elvis Costello's "Sugar Canes".

As a producer, he has overseen albums by Alison Krauss, the Del McCoury Band, Maura O'Connell, Jesse Winchester and the Nashville Bluegrass Band. Along with Aly Bain, he serves as Music Director of the popular BBC Television series, "Transatlantic Sessions".

Since 1998, Douglas has been a key member of Alison Krauss and Union Station, touring extensively and playing on a series of platinum-selling albums. When not on the road with Alison Krauss and Union Station, Douglas tours with his band in support of his extensive body of work.

Jerry Douglas appeared with Vince Gill on Eric Clapton's Crossroads Guitar Festival 2004 ("Oklahoma Borderline" and "What the Cowgirls Do").

Douglas lives in Nashville, Tennessee with his wife, Jill. The couple have four children.

Awards[link]

Douglas has received thirteen Grammy Awards and has won the Country Music Association's 'Musician of the Year' award three times, in 2002, 2005 and 2007.

In 2004, the National Endowment for the Arts awarded Douglas a National Heritage Fellowship.^[2]

Jerry Douglas playing one of his resonator guitars

Douglas was named Artist in Residence for the Country Music Hall of Fame in 2008.

Douglas was honored at the 36th annual Telluride Bluegrass Festival in Colorado for his twenty-fifth consecutive year playing in and at the festival.

The Americana Music Association honored Jerry Douglas with a Lifetime Achievement Award in 2011.^[3]

Discography[link]

Solo recordings[link]

Other recordings[link]

• Remembrances and Forecasts 1974 as The Country Gentlemen
• J.D. Crowe & The New South 1975 as J. D. Crowe & the New South
• Holiday In Japan 1975 as J. D. Crowe & the New South
• New South Live 1975 as J. D. Crowe & the New South
• Boone Creek 1977 as Boone Creek
• One Way Track 1977 as Boone Creek
• That Down Home Feeling 1977 as Buck White & Down Home Folks
• Buck and Family Live 1979 as Buck White & Down Home Folks
• More Pretty Girls Than One 1979 as Buck White & Down Home Folks
• Bluegrass Album Vol.3: California Connection 1983 as Bluegrass Album Band
• Snakes Alive 1984 as Dreadful Snakes
• Bluegrass Album Vol.4 1985 as Bluegrass Album Band
• Bluegrass Album Vol.5: Sweet Sunny South 1989 as Bluegrass Album Band
• The Telluride Sessions 1989 as Strength in Numbers
• Will the Circle be Unbroken Vol. 2 1990 with the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band
• Skip, Hop & Wobble 1993 as Barenberg, Douglas & Meyer
• The Great Dobro Sessions 1994 as Jerry Douglas and various artists
• Far From Enough 1994 with Viktor Krauss
• Bluegrass Album Vol.6: Bluegrass Instrumentals 1996 as Bluegrass Album Band
• Bourbon & Rosewater 1996 as Bhatt, Douglas & Meyer
• Yonder 1996 with Peter Rowan
• O Brother, Where Art Thou? 2000 with Alison Krauss, The Whites, as Soggy Bottom Boys
• Deja Vu (All Over Again) 2004 with John Fogerty
• Secret, Profane, & Sugarcane 2009 with Elvis Costello and the Sugarcanes
• "Southern Filibuster: The Songs of Tut Taylor" 2010
• "Rounder Records" 40th Anniversary Concert 2010 as Jerry Douglas with Bela Fleck, Alison Krauss & Union Station
• "Get Low" Original Motion Picture Soundtrack 2010 as Jerry Douglas

With Alison Krauss or Alison Krauss and Union Station[link]

• Forget About It 1999
• New Favorite 2001
• Live 2002
• Lonely Runs Both Ways 2004
• A Hundred Miles or More: A Collection 2007
• Paper Airplane 2011

From television series[link]

The Transatlantic Sessions[link]

• Transatlantic Sessions 3 [Vol.1] (2007) (with Jerry Douglas and various artists)
• Transatlantic Sessions 3 [Vol.2] (2008) (with Jerry Douglas and various artists)
• The Original Transatlantic Sessions [Vol.2] (2008) (with Jay Ungar and various artists)
• The Original Transatlantic Sessions [Vol.3] (2009) (with Jay Ungar and various artists)
• Transatlantic Sessions 4[Vol.1] (2009) (with Jerry Douglas and various artists)
• Transatlantic Sessions 4[Vol.2] (2010) (with Jerry Douglas and various artists)
• Transatlantic Sessions 4[Vol.3] (2010) (with Jerry Douglas and various artists)

Awards[link]

Grammy awards[link]

• 1983 Best Country Instrumental Performance – "Fireball" – with The New South
• 1994 Best Bluegrass Album – "The Great Dobro Sessions"
• 2001 Best Country Instrumental Performance – "Foggy Mountain Breakdown" with Earl Scruggs
• 2001 Album of the Year – "Oh Brother, Where Art Thou?" – various artists
• 2001 Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group – "The Lucky One"- Alison Krauss + Union Station
• 2001 Best Bluegrass Album – "New Favorite" – Alison Krauss + Union Station
• 2003 Best Country Instrumental Performance – "Cluck Old Hen" – Alison Krauss + Union Station
• 2003 Best Bluegrass Album – "LIVE" – Alison Krauss + Union Station
• 2004 Best Country Instrumental Performance – "Earl's Breakdown" – Nitty Gritty Dirt Band Featuring Earl Scruggs, Randy Scruggs, Vassar Clements & Jerry Douglas
• 2006 Best Country Performance By A Duo Or Group With Vocal – "Restless" – Alison Krauss and Union Station
• 2006 Best Country Instrumental Performance – "Unionhouse Branch" – Alison Krauss and Union Station
• 2006 Best Country Album – "Lonely Runs Both Ways" – Alison Krauss and Union Station
• 2012 Best Bluegrass album for "Paper Airplane" – Alison Krauss and Union Station

CMA Awards[link]

• 2002 Musician of the Year
• 2005 Musician of the Year
• 2007 Musician of the Year

IBMA (International Bluegrass Music Association) Awards[link]

• 1990 Instrumental Performers of the Year – Dobro
• 1991 Instrumental Performers of the Year – Dobro
• 1992 Instrumental Album of the Year – Slide Rule, Jerry Douglas
• 1992 Record Event of the Year – Slide Rule
• 1992 Instrumental Performers of the Year – Dobro
• 1993 Instrumental Performers of the Year – Dobro
• 1994 Instrumental Album of the Year – Skip, Hop & Wobble; Douglas, Barenberg & Meyer
• 1994 Instrumental Performers of the Year – Dobro
• 1995 Instrumental Album of the Year – The Great Dobro Sessions; Mike Auldridge, Curtis Burch, Jerry Douglas, Josh Graves, Rob Ickes, Oswald Kirby, Stacy Phillips, Tut Taylor, Sally Van Meter, Gene Wooten
• 1995 Record Event of the Year – The Great Dobro Sessions
• 1995 Instrumental Performers of the Year – Dobro
• 1997 Album of the Year – True Life Blues—The Songs of Bill Monroe; Sam Bush, Vassar Clements, Mike Compton, Jerry Douglas, Stuart Duncan, Pat Enright, Greg Garing, Richard Greene, David Grier, David Grisman, John Hartford, Bobby Hicks, Kathy Kallick, Laurie Lewis, Mike Marshall, Del McCoury, Ronnie McCoury, Jim Nunally, Scott Nygaard, Mollie O'Brien, Tim O'Brien, Alan O'Bryant, Herb Pedersen, Todd Phillips, John Reischman, Peter Rowan, Craig Smith, Chris Thile, Tony Trischka, Roland White
• 1997 Record Event of the Year – True Life Blues—The Songs of Bill Monroe
• 1997 Instrumental Album of the Year – Bluegrass Instrumentals, Volume 6; The Bluegrass Album Band
• 2001 Instrumental Performers of the Year – Dobro
• 2002 Instrumental Performers of the Year – Dobro
• 2003 Album of the Year – Alison Krauss + Union Station Live, Alison Krauss + Union Station featuring Jerry Douglas
• 2003 Record Event of the Year – Will The Circle Be Unbroken Vol. III; Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, Matraca Berg, Sam Bush, June Carter Cash, Johnny Cash, Vassar Clements, Iris DeMent, Rodney Dillard, Jerry Douglas, Glen Duncan, Vince Gill, Josh Graves, Jamie Hanna, Emmylou Harris, Taj Mahal, Jimmy Martin, Del McCoury, Robbie McCoury, Ronnie McCoury, Jonathan McEuen, The Nashville Bluegrass Band, Willie Nelson, Tom Petty, Tony Rice, Earl Scruggs, Randy Scruggs, Ricky Skaggs, Doc Watson, Richard Watson, Glenn Worf & Dwight Yoakam

National Endowment for the Arts[link]

• 2004 National Heritage Fellowship

Country Music Hall of Fame[link]

• 2008 Artist in Residence

References[link]

• Humphrey, Mark. (1998). "Jerry Douglas". In The Encyclopedia of Country Music. Paul Kingsbury, Editor. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 151.

Notes[link]

1. ^ Jerry Douglas Discography. Accessed July 25, 2009
2. ^ NEA Heritage Fellowship page for Jerry Douglas. Accessed April 24, 2009
3. ^ Americana Music Association page for Lifetime Achievement Awards. Accessed April 25, 2012

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Jerry Douglas

• Jerry Douglas Official site
• Alison Krauss and Union Station featuring Jerry Douglas Official site
• Folk Radio UK review of Jerry Christmas