- published: 19 May 2009
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- Ishaq ibn Hunayn
- Iskandar Khatloni
- Ismail Gorgani
- Jabril ibn Bukhtishu
- Jafar Panahi
- Jaghmini
- Jalaladdin Davani
- Jami
- Janet Afary
- John Philoponus
- Jon Barwise
- June Goodfield
- Jābir ibn Hayyān
- Kalim Kashani
- Kamal Khujandi
- Kambuzia Partovi
- Khalid ibn Barmak
- Khalilullah Khalili
- Khwaju Kermani
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- Kurt Gödel
- Leopold Löwenheim
- Ludwig Wittgenstein
- Mahmoud Dowlatabadi
- Mahmud of Ghazni
- Mahmud Shabistari
- Mahsati
- Mahshid Amirshahi
- Maimonides
- Majid Majidi
- Manouchehr Atashi
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- Manuchehri
- Martin Lings
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- Massoud Nawabi
- Michael Scot
- Mir Fendereski
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- Mohsen Fayz Kashani
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- Mostafa Mastoor
- Muhammad
- Muhammad Iqbal
- Mulla Sadra
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- Nader Ebrahimi
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- Nurbakhshi
- Omar Khayyám
- Ovid
- Pari Saberi
- Parviz Shahbazi
- Paul Bernays
- Payrav Sulaymoni
- Pedanius Dioscorides
- Persian people
- Peter Geach
- Philip Sherrard
- Plato
- Plotinus
- Pouran Derakhshandeh
- Ptolemy
- Qatran Tabrizi
- Qeysar Aminpour
- Qumri
- Qusta ibn Luqa
- Rabia Balkhi
- Rajab Ali Tabrizi
- Rasul Sadr Ameli
- Raymond Smullyan
- Raziq Faani
- René Guénon
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- Robert Briffault
- Roger Bacon
- Rudaki
- Rudolf Carnap
- Rumi
- Sadegh Hedayat
- Sadeq Chubak
- Sadriddin Ayni
- Saib Tabrizi
- Saladin
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- Samuel Khachikian
- Sanai
- Saul Kripke
- Seyyedeh Khatun
- Shah Nimatullah Wali
- Shah Waliullah
- Shahrnush Parsipur
- Shams Langeroodi
- Shams Tabrizi
- Shaykh Tusi
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- Socrates
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- Stephen Cole Kleene
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- Tahir ibn Husayn
- Theophrastus
- Thomas Aquinas
- Thoralf Skolem
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- Vahshi Bafqi
- Vincent of Beauvais
- Virgil
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- Wikipedia Persondata
- William Harvey
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- Yadollah Royaee
- Yahya ibn Khalid
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- Zhang Zhongjing
- Ziauddin Sardar
- Ziryab
Send this Playlist by SMS
Avicenna - Impostor, Philosopher, Healer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:35
- Updated: 21 Apr 2013
Avicenna was a brilliant polymath and healer who lived in the East from 980-1037. He bundled the knowledge of his time and wrote 450 tractates. His "Book of ...
http://wn.com/Avicenna_Impostor,_Philosopher,_Healer
Avicenna was a brilliant polymath and healer who lived in the East from 980-1037. He bundled the knowledge of his time and wrote 450 tractates. His "Book of ...
Avicenna
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 41:50
- Updated: 11 May 2013
Peter Adamson discusses the philosophy of Avicenna. Melvyn Bragg discusses the Persian Islamic philosopher Avicenna. With Peter Adamson, Nader El-Bizri and A...
http://wn.com/Avicenna
Peter Adamson discusses the philosophy of Avicenna. Melvyn Bragg discusses the Persian Islamic philosopher Avicenna. With Peter Adamson, Nader El-Bizri and A...
- published: 11 Dec 2011
- author: Gottfried Leibniz
Ibn Sina (Avicenna) 980—1037AD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 41:29
- Updated: 14 May 2013
Discussion on the Persian Islamic philosopher, Avicenna.
http://wn.com/Ibn_Sina_Avicenna_980—1037AD
Avicenna - The Black Swan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:39
- Updated: 01 May 2013
Debut Single (demo) for Avicenna. Debut EP entitled Phenomena coming Summer 2013. Play in 720p+ HD for better quality! Available for free download at Avicenn...
http://wn.com/Avicenna_The_Black_Swan
Debut Single (demo) for Avicenna. Debut EP entitled Phenomena coming Summer 2013. Play in 720p+ HD for better quality! Available for free download at Avicenn...
- published: 12 Feb 2013
- author: AvicennaTO
Ibn Sina (performed by Roger Worrod)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:35
- Updated: 18 May 2013
An interview with Avicenna (Ibn Sina), a thousand years ago. 5 questions, 5 answers. GB Studions, Switzerland. Actor: Roger Worrod.
http://wn.com/Ibn_Sina_performed_by_Roger_Worrod
An interview with Avicenna (Ibn Sina), a thousand years ago. 5 questions, 5 answers. GB Studions, Switzerland. Actor: Roger Worrod.
- published: 19 Feb 2009
- views: 24283
- author: Roger Worrod
Avicenna - Arzt, Wissenschaftler & Philosoph - Abu Ali Sina
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 35:44
- Updated: 28 Apr 2013
Es wird behauptet, dass Ibn Sina 21 Haupt- und 24 Nebenwerke in Philosophie, Medizin, Theologie, Geometrie, Astronomie und anderen Gebieten vollendet hat. An...
http://wn.com/Avicenna_Arzt,_Wissenschaftler_Philosoph_Abu_Ali_Sina
Es wird behauptet, dass Ibn Sina 21 Haupt- und 24 Nebenwerke in Philosophie, Medizin, Theologie, Geometrie, Astronomie und anderen Gebieten vollendet hat. An...
- published: 26 Aug 2011
- views: 4960
- author: Ardalan Hamrah
Avicenna's Metaphysics
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:05
- Updated: 06 May 2013
Peter Adamson discusses Avicenna's metaphysics.
http://wn.com/Avicenna's_Metaphysics
Peter Adamson discusses Avicenna's metaphysics.
- published: 03 Sep 2012
- views: 815
- author: Gottfried Leibniz
Ibn Sina (Avicenna) The Father of Modern Medicine.wmv
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:49
- Updated: 24 Apr 2013
A video project in partial fulfillment for the Islamic Knowledge and Sciences course, done by students from Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS. Narrator: Ixat Ske...
http://wn.com/Ibn_Sina_Avicenna_The_Father_of_Modern_Medicinewmv
A video project in partial fulfillment for the Islamic Knowledge and Sciences course, done by students from Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS. Narrator: Ixat Ske...
- published: 18 Apr 2012
- views: 1788
- author: ajwer
AVICENNA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:16
- Updated: 11 Apr 2013
Abu Ali al-Hussein Ibn Sina famous with the name of Avicenna, was born in Persia in the 980 to Afshana, near Bukhara, Uzbekistan.
http://wn.com/AVICENNA
Abu Ali al-Hussein Ibn Sina famous with the name of Avicenna, was born in Persia in the 980 to Afshana, near Bukhara, Uzbekistan.
- published: 29 Dec 2008
- views: 12009
- author: Camillo Di Cicco
Iranian Series, Avicenna - Part 1 (سریال ایرانی بوعلی سینا)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:02
- Updated: 25 Mar 2013
ابو علی سینا اندیشمند، فیلسوف، پزشک و دانشمند بزرگ خراسانی - ایرانی که در جهان غرب به نام(Avicenna) و با لقب "امیر پزشکان" شناخته شده است، در یکم شهریور ماه ...
http://wn.com/Iranian_Series,_Avicenna_Part_1_سریال_ایرانی_بوعلی_سینا
ابو علی سینا اندیشمند، فیلسوف، پزشک و دانشمند بزرگ خراسانی - ایرانی که در جهان غرب به نام(Avicenna) و با لقب "امیر پزشکان" شناخته شده است، در یکم شهریور ماه ...
- published: 26 Jun 2011
- views: 5959
- author: Tara Farhid
Flashmob Free Palestine by Avicenna 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:56
- Updated: 19 Apr 2013
Avicenna is the 7th generation Malaysian medical students in Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt. The flashmob was performed on 27th November 2012 as an awareness...
http://wn.com/Flashmob_Free_Palestine_by_Avicenna_2012
Avicenna is the 7th generation Malaysian medical students in Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt. The flashmob was performed on 27th November 2012 as an awareness...
- published: 05 Dec 2012
- views: 2120
- author: rafolianvideos
Avicenna Project 2013 Teaser
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:50
- Updated: 24 Apr 2013
Avicenna Project 2013 Venue : Rooftop and Musolla, Yayasan Terengganu Building Date : 19 April, Friday Time : 10am - 6pm Activities : Medical Checkups,Campai...
http://wn.com/Avicenna_Project_2013_Teaser
Avicenna Project 2013 Venue : Rooftop and Musolla, Yayasan Terengganu Building Date : 19 April, Friday Time : 10am - 6pm Activities : Medical Checkups,Campai...
- published: 17 Apr 2013
- views: 1003
- author: Arif Mazlan
Afghans In History Episode Two - Avicenna (Ibn Sina)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:02
- Updated: 03 May 2013
Avicenna (980-1037) is a renowned historical Afghan figure who is considered to be the father of modern medicine. He was also a polymath and the foremost phy...
http://wn.com/Afghans_In_History_Episode_Two_Avicenna_Ibn_Sina
Avicenna (980-1037) is a renowned historical Afghan figure who is considered to be the father of modern medicine. He was also a polymath and the foremost phy...
- published: 25 Apr 2010
- views: 4717
- author: AfghansInHistory
![[Avicenna] April 2010 Seminar First - Medical Rotation](http://web.archive.org./web/20130519223819im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/_4ZSo9Y3TII/default.jpg "[Avicenna] April 2010 Seminar First - Medical Rotation")
[Avicenna] April 2010 Seminar First - Medical Rotation
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:20
- Updated: 03 May 2013
April Seminar First Saturday, 9th April 2011 Hostel 3, Medicine Street, Nizhniy Novgorod - LIVE Audio conference with Dr. Noor Ain Nasir, MD (Russia) (Hospital Melaka) - Presentation...
http://wn.com/_Avicenna_April_2010_Seminar_First_Medical_Rotation
April Seminar First Saturday, 9th April 2011 Hostel 3, Medicine Street, Nizhniy Novgorod - LIVE Audio conference with Dr. Noor Ain Nasir, MD (Russia) (Hospital Melaka) - Presentation...
- published: 11 Apr 2011
- author: leokid5075
Iran honors its great genius, Avicenna
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:48
- Updated: 06 May 2013
Abu Ali al-Hussein also known in the West as Avicenna is one of the foremost philosophers of the golden age of Islamic tradition. He is also known as al-Shei...
http://wn.com/Iran_honors_its_great_genius,_Avicenna
Abu Ali al-Hussein also known in the West as Avicenna is one of the foremost philosophers of the golden age of Islamic tradition. He is also known as al-Shei...
- published: 24 Aug 2011
- views: 2755
- author: Ardalan Hamrah
Ibn Sina Avicenna - Father Of Modern Medicene Ek Musalman The By Adv. Faiz Syed
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:11
- Updated: 30 Apr 2013
About the Speaker: NAME: Adv. Faiz Syed Adv. stands for Advocate (Bachelor of Laws - LL.B) DESIGNATION: * Founder & President, Islamic Research Centre, Auran...
http://wn.com/Ibn_Sina_Avicenna_Father_Of_Modern_Medicene_Ek_Musalman_The_By_Adv_Faiz_Syed
About the Speaker: NAME: Adv. Faiz Syed Adv. stands for Advocate (Bachelor of Laws - LL.B) DESIGNATION: * Founder & President, Islamic Research Centre, Auran...
- published: 30 Apr 2013
- author: IRCindia
Awesome Dude of the Week - Avicenna
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:13
- Updated: 11 Apr 2013
this is the first Awesome Dude of the Week. The sound and editing leave much to be desired, but whatever behind the scenes info and notes and stuff here: htt...
http://wn.com/Awesome_Dude_of_the_Week_Avicenna
this is the first Awesome Dude of the Week. The sound and editing leave much to be desired, but whatever behind the scenes info and notes and stuff here: htt...
- published: 25 Jun 2009
- views: 6471
- author: ianm1121
Avicenna Clinic - Panama City, FL
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:15
- Updated: 31 May 2012
Avicenna clinic established and opened in march 2010,
Islamic Understanding Institute provided the means and the tools to our pioneer Doctors to start the process with local and state agencies.
The main objective of IUI are:
A- To provide Information and education to the public
B- To contribute free services in the medical field and others
C- To Provide social and culture programs in the form of lectures and workshop
http://wn.com/Avicenna_Clinic_Panama_City,_FL
Avicenna clinic established and opened in march 2010,
Islamic Understanding Institute provided the means and the tools to our pioneer Doctors to start the process with local and state agencies.
The main objective of IUI are:
A- To provide Information and education to the public
B- To contribute free services in the medical field and others
C- To Provide social and culture programs in the form of lectures and workshop
- published: 31 May 2012
- views: 187
TEASER Flashmob "FREE PALESTINE" AVICENNA Tanta University, Egypt
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:35
- Updated: 22 Mar 2013
Flashmob "FREE PALESTINE" by AVICENNA Tanta University, Egypt.
http://wn.com/TEASER_Flashmob_FREE_PALESTINE_AVICENNA_Tanta_University,_Egypt
Flashmob "FREE PALESTINE" by AVICENNA Tanta University, Egypt.
- published: 28 Nov 2012
- views: 402
- author: iMultiProduction
Avicenna's Floating Man Argument
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:11
- Updated: 29 Apr 2013
Peter Adamson explains the thought experiment of Avicenna known as the 'floating man.'
http://wn.com/Avicenna's_Floating_Man_Argument
Peter Adamson explains the thought experiment of Avicenna known as the 'floating man.'
- published: 26 Nov 2012
- views: 455
- author: Gottfried Leibniz
![[Avicenna] Examination Of The Cardiovascular System](http://web.archive.org./web/20130519223819im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/OXLTzDUFadc/default.jpg "[Avicenna] Examination Of The Cardiovascular System")
[Avicenna] Examination Of The Cardiovascular System
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 23:32
- Updated: 16 Jan 2013
This video is copyrighted by International Medical University (IMU), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It shows steps of conducting physical examination targeting to c...
http://wn.com/_Avicenna_Examination_Of_The_Cardiovascular_System
This video is copyrighted by International Medical University (IMU), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It shows steps of conducting physical examination targeting to c...
- published: 02 May 2011
- author: leokid5075
Avicenna Music Video - UPUAN
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:58
- Updated: 01 May 2013
Lalalala ang epic ng nangyari sa Music Vid. Namen.
http://wn.com/Avicenna_Music_Video_UPUAN
Send this Playlist by SMS
P!nk - Just Give Me A Reason ft. Nate Ruess
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:03
- Updated: 19 May 2013
From the Grammy Nominated album The Truth About Love available now - http://smarturl.it/tal Music video by P!nk featuring Nate Ruess performing Just Give Me ...
http://wn.com/P!nk_Just_Give_Me_A_Reason_ft_Nate_Ruess
From the Grammy Nominated album The Truth About Love available now - http://smarturl.it/tal Music video by P!nk featuring Nate Ruess performing Just Give Me ...
- published: 05 Feb 2013
- views: 110358087
- author: PinkVEVO
Nice Guys
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:50
- Updated: 19 May 2013
Behind the Scenes at http://www.youtube.com/higatv Two losers take a "how to pick up girls" class and realize that Nice Guys finish last which results in the...
http://wn.com/Nice_Guys
Behind the Scenes at http://www.youtube.com/higatv Two losers take a "how to pick up girls" class and realize that Nice Guys finish last which results in the...
- published: 31 May 2011
- views: 46070034
- author: nigahiga
Rihanna - Take A Bow
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:50
- Updated: 19 May 2013
Music video by Rihanna performing Take A Bow. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 66288884. (C) 2008 The Island Def Jam Music Group.
http://wn.com/Rihanna_Take_A_Bow
Music video by Rihanna performing Take A Bow. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 66288884. (C) 2008 The Island Def Jam Music Group.
- published: 30 Nov 2009
- views: 94002221
- author: RihannaVEVO
James Arthur sings Shontelle's Impossible - The Final - The X Factor UK 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:00
- Updated: 19 May 2013
Watch judges' comments at http://itv.com/XFactor (UK ONLY) Watch James Arthur sing Impossible by Shontelle Sweeeeet! As potential Winner's Singles go, this o...
http://wn.com/James_Arthur_sings_Shontelle's_Impossible_The_Final_The_X_Factor_UK_2012
Watch judges' comments at http://itv.com/XFactor (UK ONLY) Watch James Arthur sing Impossible by Shontelle Sweeeeet! As potential Winner's Singles go, this o...
- published: 09 Dec 2012
- views: 21284998
- author: TheXFactorUK
MACKLEMORE & RYAN LEWIS - THRIFT SHOP FEAT. WANZ (OFFICIAL VIDEO)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:53
- Updated: 19 May 2013
Thrift Shop on iTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/thrift-shop-feat.-wanz-single/id556955707 The Heist physical deluxe edition: http://www.macklemoremer...
http://wn.com/MACKLEMORE_RYAN_LEWIS_THRIFT_SHOP_FEAT_WANZ_OFFICIAL_VIDEO
Thrift Shop on iTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/thrift-shop-feat.-wanz-single/id556955707 The Heist physical deluxe edition: http://www.macklemoremer...
- published: 29 Aug 2012
- views: 308917493
- author: Ryan Lewis
Rihanna - Rehab ft. Justin Timberlake
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:39
- Updated: 19 May 2013
Music video by Rihanna performing Rehab. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 19591123. (C) 2007 The Island Def Jam Music Group.
http://wn.com/Rihanna_Rehab_ft_Justin_Timberlake
Music video by Rihanna performing Rehab. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 19591123. (C) 2007 The Island Def Jam Music Group.
- published: 14 Dec 2009
- views: 52218433
- author: RihannaVEVO
Bromance (Official Music Video)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:47
- Updated: 19 May 2013
Get the song at: http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/bromance-single/id512264961 Music and Lyrics by Chester See (The Singer) http://www.youtube.com/chestersee ...
http://wn.com/Bromance_Official_Music_Video
Get the song at: http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/bromance-single/id512264961 Music and Lyrics by Chester See (The Singer) http://www.youtube.com/chestersee ...
- published: 21 Mar 2012
- views: 20331350
- author: nigahiga
P!nk - Just Give Me A Reason (Official Lyric Video)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:05
- Updated: 19 May 2013
The Truth About Love available on iTunes NOW http://smarturl.it/tal Music video by P!nk performing Just Give Me A Reason. (C) 2012 RCA Records, a division of...
http://wn.com/P!nk_Just_Give_Me_A_Reason_Official_Lyric_Video
The Truth About Love available on iTunes NOW http://smarturl.it/tal Music video by P!nk performing Just Give Me A Reason. (C) 2012 RCA Records, a division of...
- published: 11 Sep 2012
- views: 23104953
- author: PinkVEVO
3-Way (The Golden Rule) (feat. Justin Timberlake & Lady Gaga)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:08
- Updated: 19 May 2013
Buy on iTunes: http://goo.gl/ZCft1 Originally aired May 21, 2011 Footage courtesy of NBC for promotional use only.
http://wn.com/3-Way_The_Golden_Rule_feat_Justin_Timberlake_Lady_Gaga
Buy on iTunes: http://goo.gl/ZCft1 Originally aired May 21, 2011 Footage courtesy of NBC for promotional use only.
- published: 27 May 2011
- views: 50646233
- author: thelonelyisland
Rihanna - Hate That I Love You ft. Ne-Yo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:58
- Updated: 19 May 2013
Music video by Rihanna performing Hate That I Love You. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 57208048. (C) 2007 The Island Def Jam Music Group.
http://wn.com/Rihanna_Hate_That_I_Love_You_ft_Ne-Yo
Music video by Rihanna performing Hate That I Love You. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 57208048. (C) 2007 The Island Def Jam Music Group.
- published: 30 Nov 2009
- views: 88685529
- author: RihannaVEVO
Rihanna - Unfaithful
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:56
- Updated: 19 May 2013
Music video by Rihanna performing Unfaithful. (C) 2006 The Island Def Jam Music Group #VEVOCertified on Feb. 15, 2012. http://vevo.com/certified http://youtu...
http://wn.com/Rihanna_Unfaithful
Music video by Rihanna performing Unfaithful. (C) 2006 The Island Def Jam Music Group #VEVOCertified on Feb. 15, 2012. http://vevo.com/certified http://youtu...
- published: 23 Nov 2009
- views: 149024621
- author: RihannaVEVO
![Man of Steel - Official Trailer 3 [HD]](http://web.archive.org./web/20130519223819im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/T6DJcgm3wNY/default.jpg "Man of Steel - Official Trailer 3 [HD]")
Man of Steel - Official Trailer 3 [HD]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:03
- Updated: 19 May 2013
http://manofsteel.com http://www.facebook.com/manofsteel In theaters June 14th. From Warner Bros. and Legendary Pictures comes "Man of Steel", starring Henry...
http://wn.com/Man_of_Steel_Official_Trailer_3_HD_
http://manofsteel.com http://www.facebook.com/manofsteel In theaters June 14th. From Warner Bros. and Legendary Pictures comes "Man of Steel", starring Henry...
- published: 17 Apr 2013
- views: 21597054
- author: WarnerBrosPictures
David Guetta - Titanium ft. Sia
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:06
- Updated: 19 May 2013
From the album Nothing But The Beat Ultimate - Download on iTunes here: http://smarturl.it/NBTBiTunes?IQid=vevo Featuring Sia, Ne-Yo, Akon, Nicki Minaj, Flo ...
http://wn.com/David_Guetta_Titanium_ft_Sia
From the album Nothing But The Beat Ultimate - Download on iTunes here: http://smarturl.it/NBTBiTunes?IQid=vevo Featuring Sia, Ne-Yo, Akon, Nicki Minaj, Flo ...
- published: 21 Dec 2011
- views: 184717819
- author: davidguettavevo
I Just Had Sex (feat. Akon)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:56
- Updated: 19 May 2013
Buy at iTunes: http://goo.gl/zv4o9. New album on sale now! http://www.turtleneckandchain.com T-shirts! http://www.thelonelyisland.com/store The first single ...
http://wn.com/I_Just_Had_Sex_feat_Akon
Buy at iTunes: http://goo.gl/zv4o9. New album on sale now! http://www.turtleneckandchain.com T-shirts! http://www.thelonelyisland.com/store The first single ...
- published: 19 Dec 2010
- views: 198896643
- author: thelonelyisland
Rihanna - Russian Roulette
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:24
- Updated: 19 May 2013
Music video by Rihanna performing Russian Roulette. (C) 2009 The Island Def Jam Music Group.
http://wn.com/Rihanna_Russian_Roulette
Music video by Rihanna performing Russian Roulette. (C) 2009 The Island Def Jam Music Group.
- published: 05 Dec 2009
- views: 101487584
- author: RihannaVEVO
Janet Devlin's audition - The X Factor 2011 - itv.com/xfactor
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:23
- Updated: 19 May 2013
The X Factor: Incredibly nervous 16-year-old Janet has flown over from the depths of Ireland to be at her audition. Living in a tiny village in the middle of...
http://wn.com/Janet_Devlin's_audition_The_X_Factor_2011_itvcom_xfactor
The X Factor: Incredibly nervous 16-year-old Janet has flown over from the depths of Ireland to be at her audition. Living in a tiny village in the middle of...
- published: 21 Aug 2011
- views: 10949965
- author: TheXFactorUK
David Guetta - She Wolf (Falling To Pieces) ft. Sia
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:58
- Updated: 19 May 2013
From the album Nothing But The Beat Ultimate - Download on iTunes here: http://smarturl.it/NBTBiTunes?IQid=vevo Featuring Sia, Ne-Yo, Akon, Nicki Minaj, Flo ...
http://wn.com/David_Guetta_She_Wolf_Falling_To_Pieces_ft_Sia
From the album Nothing But The Beat Ultimate - Download on iTunes here: http://smarturl.it/NBTBiTunes?IQid=vevo Featuring Sia, Ne-Yo, Akon, Nicki Minaj, Flo ...
- published: 28 Sep 2012
- views: 151377998
- author: davidguettavevo
P!nk - Perfect
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:00
- Updated: 19 May 2013
Music video by P!nk performing F**kin' Perfect. (C) 2010 LaFace Records, a unit of Sony Music Entertainment.
http://wn.com/P!nk_Perfect
Music video by P!nk performing F**kin' Perfect. (C) 2010 LaFace Records, a unit of Sony Music Entertainment.
- published: 20 Jan 2011
- views: 11050232
- author: PinkVEVO
![MACKLEMORE X RYAN LEWIS - OTHERSIDE REMIX FEAT. FENCES [MUSIC VIDEO]](http://web.archive.org./web/20130519223819im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/fvDQy53eldY/default.jpg "MACKLEMORE X RYAN LEWIS - OTHERSIDE REMIX FEAT. FENCES [MUSIC VIDEO]")
MACKLEMORE X RYAN LEWIS - OTHERSIDE REMIX FEAT. FENCES [MUSIC VIDEO]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:05
- Updated: 19 May 2013
The Otherside Remix Music Video was filmed in various locations for about a year and a half throughout 2010-2011. It is the duo's second video collaboration ...
http://wn.com/MACKLEMORE_X_RYAN_LEWIS_OTHERSIDE_REMIX_FEAT_FENCES_MUSIC_VIDEO_
The Otherside Remix Music Video was filmed in various locations for about a year and a half throughout 2010-2011. It is the duo's second video collaboration ...
- published: 31 Aug 2011
- views: 24247485
- author: Ryan Lewis
Celebrities Read Mean Tweets #2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:23
- Updated: 19 May 2013
Jimmy Kimmel Live - Celebrities Read Mean Tweets #2 Jimmy Kimmel Live's YouTube channel features clips and recaps of every episode from the late night TV sho...
http://wn.com/Celebrities_Read_Mean_Tweets_2
Jimmy Kimmel Live - Celebrities Read Mean Tweets #2 Jimmy Kimmel Live's YouTube channel features clips and recaps of every episode from the late night TV sho...
- published: 25 Jul 2012
- views: 14552738
- author: JimmyKimmelLive
Threw It On The Ground
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:48
- Updated: 19 May 2013
Download on iTunes: http://goo.gl/gcVR7 THREE T-Shirt designs!: http://goo.gl/jr4sY So many things to throw on the ground! Featuring Ryan Reynolds and Elijah...
http://wn.com/Threw_It_On_The_Ground
Download on iTunes: http://goo.gl/gcVR7 THREE T-Shirt designs!: http://goo.gl/jr4sY So many things to throw on the ground! Featuring Ryan Reynolds and Elijah...
- published: 26 Jul 2011
- views: 53467013
- author: thelonelyisland
Mortal Kombat: Legacy - Season 2 Trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:15
- Updated: 19 May 2013
Watch Season 1 of Mortal Kombat Legacy here: http://www.youtube.com/channel/SWVkIoQKmEa4I The Mortal Kombat Legacy continues in Season 2 as Liu Kang, Kung La...
http://wn.com/Mortal_Kombat_Legacy_Season_2_Trailer
Watch Season 1 of Mortal Kombat Legacy here: http://www.youtube.com/channel/SWVkIoQKmEa4I The Mortal Kombat Legacy continues in Season 2 as Liu Kang, Kung La...
- published: 18 Feb 2013
- views: 5373335
- author: machinima
One Direction - One Way Or Another (Teenage Kicks)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:23
- Updated: 19 May 2013
As well as releasing the Red Nose Day single, One Direction are fundraising by doing something funny for money...and they want you to join them! Get involved...
http://wn.com/One_Direction_One_Way_Or_Another_Teenage_Kicks
As well as releasing the Red Nose Day single, One Direction are fundraising by doing something funny for money...and they want you to join them! Get involved...
- published: 20 Feb 2013
- views: 99339022
- author: OneDirectionVEVO
Send this Playlist by SMS
C+D interviews Salim Jetha of Avicenna
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:55
- Updated: 23 Aug 2010
Buying group Avicenna has amassed over a thousand members. Farida Sharafali talks to chief executive officer Salim Jetha about what the future holds in store.
http://wn.com/C+D_interviews_Salim_Jetha_of_Avicenna
Buying group Avicenna has amassed over a thousand members. Farida Sharafali talks to chief executive officer Salim Jetha about what the future holds in store.
- published: 05 Feb 2009
- views: 569
- author: ChemistandDruggist
SHIRIN EBADI MIT AVICENNA-PREIS GEEHRT, ERBU TV
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:02
- Updated: 16 Apr 2013
DIE IRANISCHE NOBELPREISTRÄGERIN DR. SHIRIN EBADI ERHIELT GESTERN DEN AVICENNA- PREIS. AUSGEZEICHNET WURDE SIE FÜR IHRE MORALISCHE ÜBERZEUGUNG UND IHREN EINS...
http://wn.com/SHIRIN_EBADI_MIT_AVICENNA-PREIS_GEEHRT,_ERBU_TV
DIE IRANISCHE NOBELPREISTRÄGERIN DR. SHIRIN EBADI ERHIELT GESTERN DEN AVICENNA- PREIS. AUSGEZEICHNET WURDE SIE FÜR IHRE MORALISCHE ÜBERZEUGUNG UND IHREN EINS...
- published: 07 May 2012
- views: 219
- author: ebrunewsde
Ibn Sina (performed by Roger Worrod)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:35
- Updated: 18 May 2013
An interview with Avicenna (Ibn Sina), a thousand years ago. 5 questions, 5 answers. GB Studions, Switzerland. Actor: Roger Worrod.
http://wn.com/Ibn_Sina_performed_by_Roger_Worrod
An interview with Avicenna (Ibn Sina), a thousand years ago. 5 questions, 5 answers. GB Studions, Switzerland. Actor: Roger Worrod.
- published: 19 Feb 2009
- views: 24283
- author: Roger Worrod
Go Fight Win, Avicenna!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:12
- Updated: 25 Apr 2013
They were never defeated in this cup, not even once. Avicenna Soccer Club U16 for Coca Cola Cup 2013. This is for those who underestimate them. Songs: 30 Sec...
http://wn.com/Go_Fight_Win,_Avicenna!
They were never defeated in this cup, not even once. Avicenna Soccer Club U16 for Coca Cola Cup 2013. This is for those who underestimate them. Songs: 30 Sec...
- published: 13 Apr 2013
- views: 74
- author: Nadira Syahmifariza
Avicenna 2011-2012 SMP Global Mandiri
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:42
- Updated: 31 Jan 2013
ARMYCENNA.
http://wn.com/Avicenna_2011-2012_SMP_Global_Mandiri
![[FANCAM] WEEZER arrived in Jakarta. 7.1.2013](http://web.archive.org./web/20130519223819im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/XulEm58cOQY/default.jpg "[FANCAM] WEEZER arrived in Jakarta. 7.1.2013")
[FANCAM] WEEZER arrived in Jakarta. 7.1.2013
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:36
- Updated: 09 Jan 2013
Brian Bell came to us. they'll play their concert the next day.
http://wn.com/_FANCAM_WEEZER_arrived_in_Jakarta_712013
Brian Bell came to us. they'll play their concert the next day.
- published: 08 Jan 2013
- views: 324
- author: Avicenna Ismeth
avicenna angkatan 10
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:36
- Updated: 03 Mar 2013
kenangan- kenangan.
http://wn.com/avicenna_angkatan_10
Sports day Avicenna PKG
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:41
- Updated: 21 Feb 2012
http://wn.com/Sports_day_Avicenna_PKG
Amri Maruf Tajikistan http://www.facebook.com/Avicenna.IbnSina
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:17
- Updated: 23 Apr 2013
Таджикистан Точикистон Тожикистон Tajikistan tadjikistan dushanbe Таджикистан Точикистон Тожикистон tajikistan tachikistan Таджикистан Точикистон Тожикистон ...
http://wn.com/Amri_Maruf_Tajikistan_http_wwwfacebookcom_AvicennaIbnSina
Таджикистан Точикистон Тожикистон Tajikistan tadjikistan dushanbe Таджикистан Точикистон Тожикистон tajikistan tachikistan Таджикистан Точикистон Тожикистон ...
- published: 20 Mar 2011
- views: 8067
- author: tojdor1
Vesty spot AVICENNA Company
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:45
- Updated: 04 May 2012
BEZPEČNĚ DO ŠKOLY.
http://wn.com/Vesty_spot_AVICENNA_Company
Derde spreekuurlocatie Avicenna in Breda geopend
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:29
- Updated: 12 Apr 2012
Derde spreekuurlocatie Avicenna in Breda geopend.
http://wn.com/Derde_spreekuurlocatie_Avicenna_in_Breda_geopend
Derde spreekuurlocatie Avicenna in Breda geopend.
- published: 07 Sep 2009
- views: 448
- author: bndestem
SHAYKH UMAR VADILLO, IR1, 'COMMENTARY : TAHAFUT AL TAHAFUT OF IBN RUSHD', 3 March 2013
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 19:59
- Updated: 09 Mar 2013
SHAYKH UMAR VADILLO in IR1, 'COMMENTARY : TAHAFUT AL TAHAFUT OF IBN RUSHD', Part 1 of 3, 'Thinking Truth and its Limits', delivered on 3/3/2013. In the light...
http://wn.com/SHAYKH_UMAR_VADILLO,_IR1,_'COMMENTARY_TAHAFUT_AL_TAHAFUT_OF_IBN_RUSHD',_3_March_2013
SHAYKH UMAR VADILLO in IR1, 'COMMENTARY : TAHAFUT AL TAHAFUT OF IBN RUSHD', Part 1 of 3, 'Thinking Truth and its Limits', delivered on 3/3/2013. In the light...
- published: 03 Mar 2013
- views: 332
- author: alawiyahv1
Ecological Backlash ( II-AVICENNA)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:41
- Updated: 13 Mar 2012
ecological backlash of II-AVICENNA starring : Tricia Nicole Janmark Shekinah Esmy Jenne Cris Hazel Anne Jhela Melchor Mary Grace Aubrey Jessica.
http://wn.com/Ecological_Backlash_II-AVICENNA
ecological backlash of II-AVICENNA starring : Tricia Nicole Janmark Shekinah Esmy Jenne Cris Hazel Anne Jhela Melchor Mary Grace Aubrey Jessica.
- published: 06 Aug 2011
- views: 124
- author: implaintrish
Ifra Rania's speech - Avicenna Grammar School, Jhang
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:36
- Updated: 07 Mar 2012
Avicenna Grammar School, Jhang.
http://wn.com/Ifra_Rania's_speech_Avicenna_Grammar_School,_Jhang
A very brief tour of Muslims Contribution to Science
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:59
- Updated: 16 May 2013
Jābir ibn Hayyān (Geber), father of modern chemistry Al-Khwārizmī, Father of Al-Gabra, (Mathematics) Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī (973-1048), considered the "first a...
http://wn.com/A_very_brief_tour_of_Muslims_Contribution_to_Science
Jābir ibn Hayyān (Geber), father of modern chemistry Al-Khwārizmī, Father of Al-Gabra, (Mathematics) Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī (973-1048), considered the "first a...
- published: 14 Dec 2011
- views: 1982
- author: flexpape
![EXO K - Angel [Female vers].wmv](http://web.archive.org./web/20130519223819im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/p7-m-h2pUys/default.jpg "EXO K - Angel [Female vers].wmv")
EXO K - Angel [Female vers].wmv
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:08
- Updated: 13 Dec 2012
EXO K - Angel female version.
http://wn.com/EXO_K_Angel_Female_vers_wmv
eaurganic on ETalk by Susie Wall
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:38
- Updated: 26 Oct 2012
The first fully certified organic skincare products in North America by d'Avicenna Inc. eaurganic.
http://wn.com/eaurganic_on_ETalk_by_Susie_Wall
The first fully certified organic skincare products in North America by d'Avicenna Inc. eaurganic.
- published: 30 Jun 2009
- views: 394
- author: eaurganic d'Avicenna
The AviCenna Story - Hi Saye Akem
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:20
- Updated: 16 Jan 2012
say hi to akem! w/pun die baru join kitorang taun ni, "once an avicennarian, foreva an avicennarian" *credits* actors: akem moja scripwriters: akem moja came...
http://wn.com/The_AviCenna_Story_Hi_Saye_Akem
say hi to akem! w/pun die baru join kitorang taun ni, "once an avicennarian, foreva an avicennarian" *credits* actors: akem moja scripwriters: akem moja came...
- published: 20 Aug 2007
- views: 711
- author: AviCennarian
eaurganic on Daytime-Toronto
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:19
- Updated: 12 Apr 2013
eaurganic was presented on Daytime TV show (ROGERS TV). eaurganic= Leading Certified Organic Skin Care Line in North America. Exclusive formula made only wit...
http://wn.com/eaurganic_on_Daytime-Toronto
eaurganic was presented on Daytime TV show (ROGERS TV). eaurganic= Leading Certified Organic Skin Care Line in North America. Exclusive formula made only wit...
- published: 14 Nov 2010
- views: 362
- author: eaurganic d'Avicenna
Organic Hair And Body Care - eaurganic From d'Avicenna - 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:21
- Updated: 25 Aug 2010
Certified Organic Rosemary Lavender Body Care Collection: eaurganic collection of aromatherapy body care products infused with Rosemary and Lavender essentia...
http://wn.com/Organic_Hair_And_Body_Care_eaurganic_From_d'Avicenna_2
Certified Organic Rosemary Lavender Body Care Collection: eaurganic collection of aromatherapy body care products infused with Rosemary and Lavender essentia...
- published: 05 Jun 2009
- views: 731
- author: eaurganic d'Avicenna
APPLY FOR PreMed DEGREE ADMISSIONS FOR MAY 2012 SEMESTER AT IUSOM
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:12
- Updated: 11 Dec 2011
International University School of Medicine (IUSOM) is currently accepting applications from national and international students for Admissions for the Pre-Medical (PreMed) Degree Program for...
http://wn.com/APPLY_FOR_PreMed_DEGREE_ADMISSIONS_FOR_MAY_2012_SEMESTER_AT_IUSOM
International University School of Medicine (IUSOM) is currently accepting applications from national and international students for Admissions for the Pre-Medical (PreMed) Degree Program for...
- published: 11 Dec 2011
- views: 60
- author: IUSOM
Apply for M.D. Degree Admissions for January 2012 Semester at IUSOM: Listed at AVICENNA Directory
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:18
- Updated: 20 Aug 2011
International University School of Medicine (IUSOM) is currently accepting applications from national and international students for Admissions for the Docto...
http://wn.com/Apply_for_MD_Degree_Admissions_for_January_2012_Semester_at_IUSOM_Listed_at_AVICENNA_Directory
International University School of Medicine (IUSOM) is currently accepting applications from national and international students for Admissions for the Docto...
- published: 19 Aug 2011
- views: 121
- author: IUSOM
4:03
P!nk - Just Give Me A Reason ft. Nate Ruess
From the Grammy Nominated album The Truth About Love available now - http://smarturl.it/ta...
published: 05 Feb 2013
author: PinkVEVO
P!nk - Just Give Me A Reason ft. Nate Ruess
From the Grammy Nominated album The Truth About Love available now - http://smarturl.it/tal Music video by P!nk featuring Nate Ruess performing Just Give Me ...
- published: 05 Feb 2013
- views: 110358087
- author: PinkVEVO
2:50
Nice Guys
Behind the Scenes at http://www.youtube.com/higatv Two losers take a "how to pick up girls...
published: 31 May 2011
author: nigahiga
Nice Guys
Behind the Scenes at http://www.youtube.com/higatv Two losers take a "how to pick up girls" class and realize that Nice Guys finish last which results in the...
- published: 31 May 2011
- views: 46070034
- author: nigahiga
3:50
Rihanna - Take A Bow
Music video by Rihanna performing Take A Bow. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 66288884. (C) ...
published: 30 Nov 2009
author: RihannaVEVO
Rihanna - Take A Bow
Music video by Rihanna performing Take A Bow. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 66288884. (C) 2008 The Island Def Jam Music Group.
- published: 30 Nov 2009
- views: 94002221
- author: RihannaVEVO
4:00
James Arthur sings Shontelle's Impossible - The Final - The X Factor UK 2012
Watch judges' comments at http://itv.com/XFactor (UK ONLY) Watch James Arthur sing Impossi...
published: 09 Dec 2012
author: TheXFactorUK
James Arthur sings Shontelle's Impossible - The Final - The X Factor UK 2012
Watch judges' comments at http://itv.com/XFactor (UK ONLY) Watch James Arthur sing Impossible by Shontelle Sweeeeet! As potential Winner's Singles go, this o...
- published: 09 Dec 2012
- views: 21284998
- author: TheXFactorUK
3:53
MACKLEMORE & RYAN LEWIS - THRIFT SHOP FEAT. WANZ (OFFICIAL VIDEO)
Thrift Shop on iTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/thrift-shop-feat.-wanz-single/id55...
published: 29 Aug 2012
author: Ryan Lewis
MACKLEMORE & RYAN LEWIS - THRIFT SHOP FEAT. WANZ (OFFICIAL VIDEO)
Thrift Shop on iTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/thrift-shop-feat.-wanz-single/id556955707 The Heist physical deluxe edition: http://www.macklemoremer...
- published: 29 Aug 2012
- views: 308917493
- author: Ryan Lewis
4:39
Rihanna - Rehab ft. Justin Timberlake
Music video by Rihanna performing Rehab. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 19591123. (C) 2007 ...
published: 14 Dec 2009
author: RihannaVEVO
Rihanna - Rehab ft. Justin Timberlake
Music video by Rihanna performing Rehab. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 19591123. (C) 2007 The Island Def Jam Music Group.
- published: 14 Dec 2009
- views: 52218433
- author: RihannaVEVO
3:47
Bromance (Official Music Video)
Get the song at: http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/bromance-single/id512264961 Music and Ly...
published: 21 Mar 2012
author: nigahiga
Bromance (Official Music Video)
Get the song at: http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/bromance-single/id512264961 Music and Lyrics by Chester See (The Singer) http://www.youtube.com/chestersee ...
- published: 21 Mar 2012
- views: 20331350
- author: nigahiga
4:05
P!nk - Just Give Me A Reason (Official Lyric Video)
The Truth About Love available on iTunes NOW http://smarturl.it/tal Music video by P!nk pe...
published: 11 Sep 2012
author: PinkVEVO
P!nk - Just Give Me A Reason (Official Lyric Video)
The Truth About Love available on iTunes NOW http://smarturl.it/tal Music video by P!nk performing Just Give Me A Reason. (C) 2012 RCA Records, a division of...
- published: 11 Sep 2012
- views: 23104953
- author: PinkVEVO
3:08
3-Way (The Golden Rule) (feat. Justin Timberlake & Lady Gaga)
Buy on iTunes: http://goo.gl/ZCft1 Originally aired May 21, 2011 Footage courtesy of NBC f...
published: 27 May 2011
author: thelonelyisland
3-Way (The Golden Rule) (feat. Justin Timberlake & Lady Gaga)
Buy on iTunes: http://goo.gl/ZCft1 Originally aired May 21, 2011 Footage courtesy of NBC for promotional use only.
- published: 27 May 2011
- views: 50646233
- author: thelonelyisland
4:58
Rihanna - Hate That I Love You ft. Ne-Yo
Music video by Rihanna performing Hate That I Love You. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 5720...
published: 30 Nov 2009
author: RihannaVEVO
Rihanna - Hate That I Love You ft. Ne-Yo
Music video by Rihanna performing Hate That I Love You. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 57208048. (C) 2007 The Island Def Jam Music Group.
- published: 30 Nov 2009
- views: 88685529
- author: RihannaVEVO
4:56
Rihanna - Unfaithful
Music video by Rihanna performing Unfaithful. (C) 2006 The Island Def Jam Music Group #VEV...
published: 23 Nov 2009
author: RihannaVEVO
Rihanna - Unfaithful
Music video by Rihanna performing Unfaithful. (C) 2006 The Island Def Jam Music Group #VEVOCertified on Feb. 15, 2012. http://vevo.com/certified http://youtu...
- published: 23 Nov 2009
- views: 149024621
- author: RihannaVEVO
3:03
Man of Steel - Official Trailer 3 [HD]
http://manofsteel.com http://www.facebook.com/manofsteel In theaters June 14th. From Warne...
published: 17 Apr 2013
author: WarnerBrosPictures
Man of Steel - Official Trailer 3 [HD]
http://manofsteel.com http://www.facebook.com/manofsteel In theaters June 14th. From Warner Bros. and Legendary Pictures comes "Man of Steel", starring Henry...
- published: 17 Apr 2013
- views: 21597054
- author: WarnerBrosPictures
4:06
David Guetta - Titanium ft. Sia
From the album Nothing But The Beat Ultimate - Download on iTunes here: http://smarturl.it...
published: 21 Dec 2011
author: davidguettavevo
David Guetta - Titanium ft. Sia
From the album Nothing But The Beat Ultimate - Download on iTunes here: http://smarturl.it/NBTBiTunes?IQid=vevo Featuring Sia, Ne-Yo, Akon, Nicki Minaj, Flo ...
- published: 21 Dec 2011
- views: 184717819
- author: davidguettavevo
2:56
I Just Had Sex (feat. Akon)
Buy at iTunes: http://goo.gl/zv4o9. New album on sale now! http://www.turtleneckandchain.c...
published: 19 Dec 2010
author: thelonelyisland
I Just Had Sex (feat. Akon)
Buy at iTunes: http://goo.gl/zv4o9. New album on sale now! http://www.turtleneckandchain.com T-shirts! http://www.thelonelyisland.com/store The first single ...
- published: 19 Dec 2010
- views: 198896643
- author: thelonelyisland
Vimeo results:
3:37
Yasmin Hani + Sha'arin Razali - Short Film
A short film of two love birds, Yasmin Hani and Sha'arin Razali. A story about similaritie...
published: 22 Oct 2011
author: Avicenna Studio
Yasmin Hani + Sha'arin Razali - Short Film
A short film of two love birds, Yasmin Hani and Sha'arin Razali. A story about similarities and difference (yes it is singular), and why they like to spend time with each other. This short film was shown during their reception at Duchess Place on 21st Oct 2011.
Directed by Fairuz Ismail
Script by Yasmin Hani & Sha'arin
Cameras by Ramadhan, Miki, Fairuz
Produced by Avicenna Studio
www.avicennastudio.com
3:51
Yasmin Hani + Sha'arin - Solemnization
The solemnization of Yasmin Hani and Sha'arin Razali at Duchess Place, Kuala Lumpur. This ...
published: 23 Oct 2011
author: Avicenna Studio
Yasmin Hani + Sha'arin - Solemnization
The solemnization of Yasmin Hani and Sha'arin Razali at Duchess Place, Kuala Lumpur. This Same Day Edit video was produced in less than 3 hours, in order to be shown at the reception later at night.
www.avicennastudio.com
5:22
YUS + ADRIANI HIGHLIGHTS
published: 16 Mar 2012
author: Avicenna Studio
YUS + ADRIANI HIGHLIGHTS
6:25
SDE: Yiu Lin & Azlan
Set on Casabrina Villa, Bentong, this wedding is truly a breathtaking experience. Yiu Lin,...
published: 18 Dec 2012
author: Manggis
SDE: Yiu Lin & Azlan
Set on Casabrina Villa, Bentong, this wedding is truly a breathtaking experience. Yiu Lin, founder of shoes, shoes, shoes and KLutched wed Malaysia No 1 squash player, Azlan Iskandar. Same Day edit of gate crash, tea ceremony and akad nikah showing at the dinner reception on the same day. Kudos to the team who work hard to capture the best moment of this beautiful couple. Girls, you got to check out Yiu Lin's shoes spread for her big day! As what shoes, shoes, shoes tagline is ' you can never have enough'. Absolutely true!
Cameraworks: Fauzee Nasir, Fairuz Ismail, Wan Sharizie
Crew: Amad
Helicam: Rosli Mohamed, Gayat by CST Production
SDE Editor: Nazura Rahime
Youtube results:
4:24
Rihanna - Russian Roulette
Music video by Rihanna performing Russian Roulette. (C) 2009 The Island Def Jam Music Grou...
published: 05 Dec 2009
author: RihannaVEVO
Rihanna - Russian Roulette
Music video by Rihanna performing Russian Roulette. (C) 2009 The Island Def Jam Music Group.
- published: 05 Dec 2009
- views: 101487584
- author: RihannaVEVO
2:23
Janet Devlin's audition - The X Factor 2011 - itv.com/xfactor
The X Factor: Incredibly nervous 16-year-old Janet has flown over from the depths of Irela...
published: 21 Aug 2011
author: TheXFactorUK
Janet Devlin's audition - The X Factor 2011 - itv.com/xfactor
The X Factor: Incredibly nervous 16-year-old Janet has flown over from the depths of Ireland to be at her audition. Living in a tiny village in the middle of...
- published: 21 Aug 2011
- views: 10949965
- author: TheXFactorUK
3:58
David Guetta - She Wolf (Falling To Pieces) ft. Sia
From the album Nothing But The Beat Ultimate - Download on iTunes here: http://smarturl.it...
published: 28 Sep 2012
author: davidguettavevo
David Guetta - She Wolf (Falling To Pieces) ft. Sia
From the album Nothing But The Beat Ultimate - Download on iTunes here: http://smarturl.it/NBTBiTunes?IQid=vevo Featuring Sia, Ne-Yo, Akon, Nicki Minaj, Flo ...
- published: 28 Sep 2012
- views: 151377998
- author: davidguettavevo
4:00
P!nk - Perfect
Music video by P!nk performing F**kin' Perfect. (C) 2010 LaFace Records, a unit of Sony Mu...
published: 20 Jan 2011
author: PinkVEVO
P!nk - Perfect
Music video by P!nk performing F**kin' Perfect. (C) 2010 LaFace Records, a unit of Sony Music Entertainment.
- published: 20 Jan 2011
- views: 11050232
- author: PinkVEVO
2:55
C+D interviews Salim Jetha of Avicenna
Buying group Avicenna has amassed over a thousand members. Farida Sharafali talks to chief...
published: 05 Feb 2009
author: ChemistandDruggist
C+D interviews Salim Jetha of Avicenna
Buying group Avicenna has amassed over a thousand members. Farida Sharafali talks to chief executive officer Salim Jetha about what the future holds in store.
- published: 05 Feb 2009
- views: 569
- author: ChemistandDruggist
5:02
SHIRIN EBADI MIT AVICENNA-PREIS GEEHRT, ERBU TV
DIE IRANISCHE NOBELPREISTRÄGERIN DR. SHIRIN EBADI ERHIELT GESTERN DEN AVICENNA- PREIS. AUS...
published: 07 May 2012
author: ebrunewsde
SHIRIN EBADI MIT AVICENNA-PREIS GEEHRT, ERBU TV
DIE IRANISCHE NOBELPREISTRÄGERIN DR. SHIRIN EBADI ERHIELT GESTERN DEN AVICENNA- PREIS. AUSGEZEICHNET WURDE SIE FÜR IHRE MORALISCHE ÜBERZEUGUNG UND IHREN EINS...
- published: 07 May 2012
- views: 219
- author: ebrunewsde
6:35
Ibn Sina (performed by Roger Worrod)
An interview with Avicenna (Ibn Sina), a thousand years ago. 5 questions, 5 answers. GB St...
published: 19 Feb 2009
author: Roger Worrod
Ibn Sina (performed by Roger Worrod)
An interview with Avicenna (Ibn Sina), a thousand years ago. 5 questions, 5 answers. GB Studions, Switzerland. Actor: Roger Worrod.
- published: 19 Feb 2009
- views: 24283
- author: Roger Worrod
4:12
Go Fight Win, Avicenna!
They were never defeated in this cup, not even once. Avicenna Soccer Club U16 for Coca Col...
published: 13 Apr 2013
author: Nadira Syahmifariza
Go Fight Win, Avicenna!
They were never defeated in this cup, not even once. Avicenna Soccer Club U16 for Coca Cola Cup 2013. This is for those who underestimate them. Songs: 30 Sec...
- published: 13 Apr 2013
- views: 74
- author: Nadira Syahmifariza
2:42
Avicenna 2011-2012 SMP Global Mandiri
ARMYCENNA....
published: 06 Sep 2012
author: anya sendy
Avicenna 2011-2012 SMP Global Mandiri
ARMYCENNA.
- published: 06 Sep 2012
- views: 269
- author: anya sendy
0:36
[FANCAM] WEEZER arrived in Jakarta. 7.1.2013
Brian Bell came to us. they'll play their concert the next day....
published: 08 Jan 2013
author: Avicenna Ismeth
[FANCAM] WEEZER arrived in Jakarta. 7.1.2013
Brian Bell came to us. they'll play their concert the next day.
- published: 08 Jan 2013
- views: 324
- author: Avicenna Ismeth
42:24
Averroes
...
published: 20 Sep 2012
author: Gottfried Leibniz
Averroes
- published: 20 Sep 2012
- author: Gottfried Leibniz
3:36
avicenna angkatan 10
kenangan- kenangan....
published: 10 Dec 2011
author: athira putriandari
avicenna angkatan 10
kenangan- kenangan.
- published: 10 Dec 2011
- views: 579
- author: athira putriandari
10:17
Amri Maruf Tajikistan http://www.facebook.com/Avicenna.IbnSina
Таджикистан Точикистон Тожикистон Tajikistan tadjikistan dushanbe Таджикистан Точикистон Т...
published: 20 Mar 2011
author: tojdor1
Amri Maruf Tajikistan http://www.facebook.com/Avicenna.IbnSina
Таджикистан Точикистон Тожикистон Tajikistan tadjikistan dushanbe Таджикистан Точикистон Тожикистон tajikistan tachikistan Таджикистан Точикистон Тожикистон ...
- published: 20 Mar 2011
- views: 8067
- author: tojdor1
0:45
Vesty spot AVICENNA Company
BEZPEČNĚ DO ŠKOLY....
published: 24 Nov 2009
author: avicennacompany
Vesty spot AVICENNA Company
BEZPEČNĚ DO ŠKOLY.
- published: 24 Nov 2009
- views: 422
- author: avicennacompany
19:59
SHAYKH UMAR VADILLO, IR1, 'COMMENTARY : TAHAFUT AL TAHAFUT OF IBN RUSHD', 3 March 2013
SHAYKH UMAR VADILLO in IR1, 'COMMENTARY : TAHAFUT AL TAHAFUT OF IBN RUSHD', Part 1 of 3, '...
published: 03 Mar 2013
author: alawiyahv1
SHAYKH UMAR VADILLO, IR1, 'COMMENTARY : TAHAFUT AL TAHAFUT OF IBN RUSHD', 3 March 2013
SHAYKH UMAR VADILLO in IR1, 'COMMENTARY : TAHAFUT AL TAHAFUT OF IBN RUSHD', Part 1 of 3, 'Thinking Truth and its Limits', delivered on 3/3/2013. In the light...
- published: 03 Mar 2013
- views: 332
- author: alawiyahv1
8:41
Ecological Backlash ( II-AVICENNA)
ecological backlash of II-AVICENNA starring : Tricia Nicole Janmark Shekinah Esmy Jenne Cr...
published: 06 Aug 2011
author: implaintrish
Ecological Backlash ( II-AVICENNA)
ecological backlash of II-AVICENNA starring : Tricia Nicole Janmark Shekinah Esmy Jenne Cris Hazel Anne Jhela Melchor Mary Grace Aubrey Jessica.
- published: 06 Aug 2011
- views: 124
- author: implaintrish
Vimeo results:
3:37
Yasmin Hani + Sha'arin Razali - Short Film
A short film of two love birds, Yasmin Hani and Sha'arin Razali. A story about similaritie...
published: 22 Oct 2011
author: Avicenna Studio
Yasmin Hani + Sha'arin Razali - Short Film
A short film of two love birds, Yasmin Hani and Sha'arin Razali. A story about similarities and difference (yes it is singular), and why they like to spend time with each other. This short film was shown during their reception at Duchess Place on 21st Oct 2011.
Directed by Fairuz Ismail
Script by Yasmin Hani & Sha'arin
Cameras by Ramadhan, Miki, Fairuz
Produced by Avicenna Studio
www.avicennastudio.com
3:51
Yasmin Hani + Sha'arin - Solemnization
The solemnization of Yasmin Hani and Sha'arin Razali at Duchess Place, Kuala Lumpur. This ...
published: 23 Oct 2011
author: Avicenna Studio
Yasmin Hani + Sha'arin - Solemnization
The solemnization of Yasmin Hani and Sha'arin Razali at Duchess Place, Kuala Lumpur. This Same Day Edit video was produced in less than 3 hours, in order to be shown at the reception later at night.
www.avicennastudio.com
5:22
YUS + ADRIANI HIGHLIGHTS
published: 16 Mar 2012
author: Avicenna Studio
YUS + ADRIANI HIGHLIGHTS
6:25
SDE: Yiu Lin & Azlan
Set on Casabrina Villa, Bentong, this wedding is truly a breathtaking experience. Yiu Lin,...
published: 18 Dec 2012
author: Manggis
SDE: Yiu Lin & Azlan
Set on Casabrina Villa, Bentong, this wedding is truly a breathtaking experience. Yiu Lin, founder of shoes, shoes, shoes and KLutched wed Malaysia No 1 squash player, Azlan Iskandar. Same Day edit of gate crash, tea ceremony and akad nikah showing at the dinner reception on the same day. Kudos to the team who work hard to capture the best moment of this beautiful couple. Girls, you got to check out Yiu Lin's shoes spread for her big day! As what shoes, shoes, shoes tagline is ' you can never have enough'. Absolutely true!
Cameraworks: Fauzee Nasir, Fairuz Ismail, Wan Sharizie
Crew: Amad
Helicam: Rosli Mohamed, Gayat by CST Production
SDE Editor: Nazura Rahime
Youtube results:
3:36
Ifra Rania's speech - Avicenna Grammar School, Jhang
Avicenna Grammar School, Jhang....
published: 07 Mar 2012
author: qudratshahab
Ifra Rania's speech - Avicenna Grammar School, Jhang
Avicenna Grammar School, Jhang.
- published: 07 Mar 2012
- views: 30
- author: qudratshahab
9:59
A very brief tour of Muslims Contribution to Science
Jābir ibn Hayyān (Geber), father of modern chemistry Al-Khwārizmī, Father of Al-Gabra, (Ma...
published: 14 Dec 2011
author: flexpape
A very brief tour of Muslims Contribution to Science
Jābir ibn Hayyān (Geber), father of modern chemistry Al-Khwārizmī, Father of Al-Gabra, (Mathematics) Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī (973-1048), considered the "first a...
- published: 14 Dec 2011
- views: 1982
- author: flexpape
3:08
EXO K - Angel [Female vers].wmv
EXO K - Angel female version....
published: 07 Oct 2012
author: nabila avicenna
EXO K - Angel [Female vers].wmv
EXO K - Angel female version.
- published: 07 Oct 2012
- views: 65
- author: nabila avicenna
0:38
eaurganic on ETalk by Susie Wall
The first fully certified organic skincare products in North America by d'Avicenna Inc. ea...
published: 30 Jun 2009
author: eaurganic d'Avicenna
eaurganic on ETalk by Susie Wall
The first fully certified organic skincare products in North America by d'Avicenna Inc. eaurganic.
- published: 30 Jun 2009
- views: 394
- author: eaurganic d'Avicenna
photo: Flickr
17 May 2013
17 May 2013, 17.17. Bunga Bunga. Berlusconi 'Prostitute' In Court. Tweet. A teenage former belly dancer who denies having sex with former Italian prime minister Silvio Berlusconi has given her version of events at his allegedly raunchy "bunga bunga" parties ... Prosecutors claim that Miss El Mahroug was 17 when she was paid by the politician for sex and he is on trial separately in relation to that accusation ... She added ... She added ... She said....(size: 5.8Kb)
photo: AP / Misha Japaridze
18 May 2013
The US has scolded Russia for sending missiles to the Syrian government, with plans for an international peace conference promoted by the two major powers appearing to founder on diplomatic rifts over its scope and purpose. General Martin Dempsey, the most senior US military officer, has described Russia's recent delivery of anti-ship missiles to President Bashar al-Assad as "ill-timed and very unfortunate" ... Report....(size: 7.6Kb)
photo: AP / Jerome Favre
18 May 2013
(Adds Elon Musk details in the 13th paragraph.). May 17 (Bloomberg) -- Bill Gates is once again the world’s richest person. The 57-year-old co-founder of Redmond, Washington-based Microsoft Corp. recaptured the title from Mexican investor Carlos Slim yesterday, according to the Bloomberg Billionaires Index, as the software maker hit a five-year high. It is the first time Gates has held the mantle since 2007 ... He denies the accusation....(size: 4.5Kb)
photo: White House / Pete Souza
17 May 2013
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. There appears to be a curse stalking second term presidents, specifically starting with Presidents Dwight Eisenhower and Richard Nixon and continuing through to President Barack Obama. President Obama's malevolent shadow, namely Benghazigate, IRSgate and the more recent APgate, have almost utterly enveloped him and his administration ... President Obama's second term is also unraveling....(size: 5.6Kb)
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Khaleej Times
30 Apr 2013
“I had a good time today touring the Abu Dhabi International Book Fair ... “Pathfinders ... In the first, he tells biographical stories of the most important scientists in the medieval Arab and Islamic world — a few are well known like Ibn Rushd and Ibn Sina (known as Averroes and Avicenna in the West), but most hardly heard of outside the Middle East, like Ibn Al Haytham, born in Basra in 965 AD....(size: 3.1Kb)
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The Times of India
22 Apr 2013
LONDON ... Lund also stuidies the treatises of 11th century Persian polymath Avicenna, whose theories would have been widely read in Richard III's lifetime. Avicenna also advocated massage techniques practised in Turkish baths and herbal applications as treatments for back disorders ... ....(size: 1.4Kb)
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Zeenews
21 Apr 2013
London ... Lund also charted the influence of Greek philosopher Hippocrates - who developed early prototype methods of dealing with spinal disorders - to the 11th century Persian polymath Avicenna. Avicenna's treatises on medicine and philosophy were highly regarded in Medieval Europe ... Avicenna also advocated the massage techniques practised in Turkish baths, and herbal applications, as treatments for back disorders ... PTI ... First Published ... ....(size: 2.9Kb)
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Yahoo Daily News
19 Apr 2013
In addition, his doctors would have been well aware of the method, which was detailed in treatises on medicine and philosophy by 11th-century Persian polymath Avicenna. (Avicenna's work seems to have been influenced by Greek philosopher Hippocrates, Lund said.) These treatises, including Avicenna's theories on using traction in scoliosis treatment, would have been widely read in Medieval Europe, Lund noted....(size: 6.0Kb)
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Orange News
19 Apr 2013
19 April 2013, 16.53. Richard III. Did King Have Painful Treatment?. Tweet ... The 15th century monarch suffered from severe scoliosis, which he probably developed in early adolescence ... They included looking at 11th century Persian polymath Avicenna's theories on using traction. Avicenna also advocated the massage techniques practised in Turkish baths, and herbal applications, as treatments for back disorders ... Dr Lund said ... add your comment....(size: 2.6Kb)
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The Independent
17 Apr 2013
Now... The package includes accommodation at the four-star Avicenna Hotel, next to the Blue Mosque and Hagia Sophia, plus breakfast and flights from Heathrow. Ba.com/holidayfinder. Soon......(size: 0.8Kb)
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The Siasat Daily
09 Mar 2013
New Delhi, March 09.. (Pervez Bari). Dr. Arshi Khan, Associate Professor of Political science, Aligarh Muslim University, (AMU), Aligarh, has said that there is a need to look into the role of India and the Muslim world in a new perspective different from Western epistemological framework of understanding. Dr ... Dr ... Pasha said ... Dr ... B ... Excellent in all branches of philosophy, he was an eminent authority on Avicenna’s works and Ishraqi theosophy....(size: 18.0Kb)
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Business Day
05 Mar 2013
Ibn Sinna, or Avicenna as he was called by westerners, was one of the most important figures in Western culture ... Avicenna was also what one might call a "liberal" philosopher ... When I saw the Timbuktu manuscripts for the first time in 2005, having studied Avicenna at the University of Pretoria, I excitedly asked the librarian for others ... why was there only one book by Avicenna? What had happened to all the others?....(size: 7.7Kb)
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The Examiner
16 Feb 2013
One of the first things I am often asked is "what about cheese?" I then explain about vegan cheese, vegetarian cheese, tofu cheese, goat and sheep cheese. If you have a health food store or a health food section in your local store you should be able to find alternatives to cheese ... They have a web site ... Location ... Jaelene Huffman is studying at The School of Avicenna to be a Naturopath, Master Herbalist, and a degree in Islamic Medicine ... ....(size: 5.7Kb)
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Chicago Tribune
30 Jan 2013
THE sleep has been long and deep. In 2005 Harvard University produced more scientific papers than 17 Arabic-speaking countries combined. The world's 1.6 billion Muslims have produced only two Nobel laureates in chemistry and physics. Both moved to the West ... The long view ... The 11th century "Canon of Medicine" by Avicenna (pictured, with modern equipment he would have relished) was a standard medical text in Europe for hundreds of years ... ....(size: 10.8Kb)
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noodls
18 Jan 2013
(Source. Presidency of the Republic of Turkey) ... "Music is almost the language of the soul which can directly address to the human soul ... President Gül, referring to the fact that their forefathers successfully carried their deep-rooted musical tradition dating back to Farabi and Ibn-i Sina (widely known as Avicenna in the West) to Central Asia, Anatolia and the Balkans, establishing a sophisticated and great culture of music ... (noodl....(size: 6.9Kb)
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Seattle Post
14 Jan 2013
MOSCOW (AP) — Timur Bulgakov has a black belt in karate, two university degrees, a powerful SUV and a small yet thriving construction company ... But his story is no longer that unusual ... They also have fallen victim to xenophobic attacks ... Uzbek native Mirzakarim Norbekov has penned half a dozen bestsellers based on the medical teachings of Muslim medieval scholar Avicenna, who was born in what is now Uzbekistan....(size: 8.8Kb)
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Wall Street Journal
03 Jan 2013
By Eric Ormsby. Sometimes a servant can teach his masters a thing or two. In AD 652 Arab armies toppled the Sasanian Empire, ending four centuries of Persian rule in the Middle East. A century later, an author named Ibn al-Muqaffa' opened his treatise on practical ethics, written in elegant Arabic, with slyly exaggerated praise of the "ancients." The men of old, he wrote, had bigger bodies than ours ... 760-c ... 865-c. 925) and Avicenna (c ... Mr ... B....(size: 6.6Kb)
For the lunar crater, see Avicenna (crater). For the mountain peak, see Ibn Sina Peak.
 |
This article may misquote or misrepresent many of its sources. Please see the cleanup page for more information. Editors: please remove this warning only after the diffs listed here have been checked for accuracy. |
 Avicenna's statue in Dushanbe, Tajikistan |
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| Full name | Abū ‘Alī al-Ḥusayn ibn ‘Abd Allāh ibn Sīnā |
|---|---|
| Other names | Sharaf al-Mulk, Hujjat al-Haq, Sheikh al-Rayees |
| Born | c. 980 Afshana, near Bukhara (capital of Samanid Empire), in present day Uzbekistan |
| Died | December 10, 1037 (aged 56–57) Hamadan, Persia |
| Era | Medieval era (Islamic Golden Age) |
| Region | Greater Khorāsān under the Samanid Empire (19 years in Bukhara); Khwārazm under the Samanids (13 years in Gorgānj); Jorjān under the Ziyarids: 1012-14 AD; Persia under the Buyids (Ray: for 1 year; Hamadān: for 9 years; Isfahān: for 13 years; died in 1037 AD in Hamadān.)[1] |
| Main interests | Medicine, philosophy, logic, Islamic theology (kalam), physics, poetry, science |
| Notable ideas | Father of modern medicine; pioneer of aromatherapy |
| Major works | The Book of Healing, The Canon of Medicine |
|
Influenced by
|
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| Avicenna |
|---|
| Avicennism |
| The Canon of Medicine |
| The Book of Healing |
| Hayy ibn Yaqdhan |
| Criticism of Avicennian philosophy |
| Unani medicine |
Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Sīnā[2] (Persian پورسينا Pur Sina [ˈpuːr ˈsiːnɑː] "son of Sina"; c. 980, Afshana near Bukhara– 1037, Hamadan, Iran), commonly known as Ibn Sīnā or by his Latinized name Avicenna, was a Persian[3][4][5][6] polymath, who wrote almost 450 treatises on a wide range of subjects, of which around 240 have survived. In particular, 150 of his surviving treatises concentrate on philosophy and 40 of them concentrate on medicine.[7][8]
His most famous works are The Book of Healing, a vast philosophical and scientific encyclopaedia, and The Canon of Medicine,[9] which was a standard medical text at many medieval universities.[10] The Canon of Medicine was used as a text-book in the universities of Montpellier and Leuven as late as 1650.[11] Ibn Sīnā's Canon of Medicine provides a complete system of medicine according to the principles of Galen (and Hippocrates).[12][13]
His corpus also includes writing on philosophy, astronomy, alchemy, geology, psychology, Islamic theology, logic, mathematics, physics, as well as poetry.[14] He is regarded as the most famous and influential polymath of the Islamic Golden Age.[15]
Contents |
Circumstances[link]
Avicenna created an extensive corpus of works during what is commonly known as Islam's Golden Age, in which the translations of Greco-Roman, Persian, and Indian texts were studied extensively. Greco-Roman (Mid- and Neo-Platonic, and Aristotelian) texts by the Kindi school were commented, redacted and developed substantially by Islamic intellectuals, who also built upon Persian and Indian mathematical systems, astronomy, algebra, trigonometry and medicine.[16] The Samanid dynasty in the eastern part of Persia, Greater Khorasan and Central Asia as well as the Buyid dynasty in the western part of Persia and Iraq provided a thriving atmosphere for scholarly and cultural development. Under the Samanids, Bukhara rivaled Baghdad as a cultural capital of the Islamic world.[17]
The study of the Quran and the Hadith thrived in such a scholarly atmosphere. Philosophy, Fiqh and theology (kalaam) were further developed, most noticeably by Avicenna and his opponents. Al-Razi and Al-Farabi had provided methodology and knowledge in medicine and philosophy. Avicenna had access to the great libraries of Balkh, Khwarezm, Gorgan, Rey, Isfahan and Hamadan. Various texts (such as the 'Ahd with Bahmanyar) show that he debated philosophical points with the greatest scholars of the time. Aruzi Samarqandi describes how before Avicenna left Khwarezm he had met Abu Rayhan Biruni (a famous scientist and astronomer), Abu Nasr Iraqi (a renowned mathematician), Abu Sahl Masihi (a respected philosopher) and Abu al-Khayr Khammar (a great physician).
Biography[link]
Early life[link]
The only source of information for the first part of Avicenna's life is his autobiography, as written down by his student Jūzjānī. In the absence of any other sources it is impossible to be certain how much of the autobiography is accurate. It has been noted that he uses his autobiography to advance his theory of knowledge (that it was possible for an individual to acquire knowledge and understand the Aristotelian philosophical sciences without a teacher), and it has been questioned whether the order of events described was adjusted to fit more closely with the Aristotelian model; in other words, whether Avicenna described himself as studying things in the 'correct' order. However given the absence of any other evidence, Avicenna's account essentially has to be taken at face value.[18]
Avicenna was born c. 980 near Bukhara (in present-day Uzbekistan), the capital of the Samanids, a Persian dynasty in Central Asia and Greater Khorasan. His mother, named Setareh, was from Bukhara;[19] his father, Abdullah, was a respected Ismaili[20] scholar from Balkh, an important town of the Samanid Empire, in what is today Balkh Province, Afghanistan. His father was at the time of his son's birth the governor in one of the Samanid Nuh ibn Mansur's estates. He had his son very carefully educated at Bukhara. Ibn Sina's independent thought was served by an extraordinary intelligence and memory, which allowed him to overtake his teachers at the age of fourteen. As he said in his autobiography, there was nothing that he had not learned when he reached eighteen.
A number of different theories have been proposed regarding Avicenna's madhab. Medieval historian Ẓahīr al-dīn al-Bayhaqī (d. 1169) considered Avicenna to be a follower of the Brethren of Purity.[21] On the other hands, Shia faqih Nurullah Shushtari and Seyyed Hossein Nasr, in addition to Henry Corbin, have maintained that he was most likely a Twelver Shia.[21][20][22] More recently, however, Dimitri Gutas demonstrated that Avicenna was a Sunni Hanafi.[21] Similar disagreements exist on the background of Avicenna's family, whereas some writers considered them Sunni, more recent writers thought they were Shia.[23]
According to his autobiography, Avicenna had memorised the entire Qur'an by the age of 10.[9] He learned Indian arithmetic from an Indian greengrocer, and he began to learn more from a wandering scholar who gained a livelihood by curing the sick and teaching the young. He also studied Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) under the Hanafi scholar Ismail al-Zahid.[24]
As a teenager, he was greatly troubled by the Metaphysics of Aristotle, which he could not understand until he read al-Farabi's commentary on the work.[20] For the next year and a half, he studied philosophy, in which he encountered greater obstacles. In such moments of baffled inquiry, he would leave his books, perform the requisite ablutions (wudu), then go to the mosque, and continue in prayer (salah) till light broke on his difficulties. Deep into the night, he would continue his studies, and even in his dreams problems would pursue him and work out their solution. Forty times, it is said, he read through the Metaphysics of Aristotle, till the words were imprinted on his memory; but their meaning was hopelessly obscure, until one day they found illumination, from the little commentary by Farabi, which he bought at a bookstall for the small sum of three dirhams. So great was his joy at the discovery, made with the help of a work from which he had expected only mystery, that he hastened to return thanks to God, and bestowed alms upon the poor.
He turned to medicine at 16, and not only learned medical theory, but also by gratuitous attendance of the sick had, according to his own account, discovered new methods of treatment. The teenager achieved full status as a qualified physician at age 18,[9] and found that "Medicine is no hard and thorny science, like mathematics and metaphysics, so I soon made great progress; I became an excellent doctor and began to treat patients, using approved remedies." The youthful physician's fame spread quickly, and he treated many patients without asking for payment.
Adulthood[link]
 |
This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability. |
Ibn Sina's first appointment was that of physician to the emir, who owed him his recovery from a dangerous illness (997). Ibn Sina's chief reward for this service was access to the royal library of the Samanids, well-known patrons of scholarship and scholars. When the library was destroyed by fire not long after, the enemies of Ibn Sina accused him of burning it, in order for ever to conceal the sources of his knowledge. Meanwhile, he assisted his father in his financial labors, but still found time to write some of his earliest works.
When Ibn Sina was 22 years old, he lost his father. The Samanid dynasty came to its end in December 1004. Ibn Sina seems to have declined the offers of Mahmud of Ghazni, and proceeded westwards to Urgench in modern Turkmenistan, where the vizier, regarded as a friend of scholars, gave him a small monthly stipend. The pay was small, however, so Ibn Sina wandered from place to place through the districts of Nishapur and Merv to the borders of Khorasan, seeking an opening for his talents. Qabus, the generous ruler of Dailam and central Persia, himself a poet and a scholar, with whom Ibn Sina had expected to find asylum, was on about that date (1012) starved to death by his troops who had revolted. Ibn Sina himself was at this time stricken by a severe illness. Finally, at Gorgan, near the Caspian Sea, Ibn Sina met with a friend, who bought a dwelling near his own house in which Ibn Sina lectured on logic and astronomy. Several of Ibn Sina's treatises were written for this patron; and the commencement of his Canon of Medicine also dates from his stay in Hyrcania.
Ibn Sina subsequently settled at Rai, in the vicinity of modern Tehran, (present day capital of Iran), the home town of Rhazes; where Majd Addaula, a son of the last Buwayhid emir, was nominal ruler under the regency of his mother (Seyyedeh Khatun). About thirty of Ibn Sina's shorter works are said to have been composed in Rai. Constant feuds which raged between the regent and her second son, Shams al-Daula, however, compelled the scholar to quit the place. After a brief sojourn at Qazvin he passed southwards to Hamadãn where Shams al-Daula, another Buwayhid emir, had established himself. At first, Ibn Sina entered into the service of a high-born lady; but the emir, hearing of his arrival, called him in as medical attendant, and sent him back with presents to his dwelling. Ibn Sina was even raised to the office of vizier. The emir decreed that he should be banished from the country. Ibn Sina, however, remained hidden for forty days in sheikh Ahmed Fadhel's house, until a fresh attack of illness induced the emir to restore him to his post. Even during this perturbed time, Ibn Sina persevered with his studies and teaching. Every evening, extracts from his great works, the Canon and the Sanatio, were dictated and explained to his pupils. On the death of the emir, Ibn Sina ceased to be vizier and hid himself in the house of an apothecary, where, with intense assiduity, he continued the composition of his works.
Meanwhile, he had written to Abu Ya'far, the prefect of the dynamic city of Isfahan, offering his services. The new emir of Hamadan, hearing of this correspondence and discovering where Ibn Sina was hiding, incarcerated him in a fortress. War meanwhile continued between the rulers of Isfahan and Hamadãn; in 1024 the former captured Hamadan and its towns, expelling the Tajik mercenaries. When the storm had passed, Ibn Sina returned with the emir to Hamadan, and carried on his literary labors. Later, however, accompanied by his brother, a favorite pupil, and two slaves, Ibn Sina escaped from the city in the dress of a Sufi ascetic. After a perilous journey, they reached Isfahan, receiving an honorable welcome from the prince.
Later life and death[link]
The remaining ten or twelve years of Ibn Sīnā's life were spent in the service of Abu Ja'far 'Ala Addaula, whom he accompanied as physician and general literary and scientific adviser, even in his numerous campaigns.
During these years he began to study literary matters and philology, instigated, it is asserted, by criticisms on his style. A severe colic, which seized him on the march of the army against Hamadan, was checked by remedies so violent that Ibn Sina could scarcely stand. On a similar occasion the disease returned; with difficulty he reached Hamadan, where, finding the disease gaining ground, he refused to keep up the regimen imposed, and resigned himself to his fate.
His friends advised him to slow down and take life moderately. He refused, however, stating that: "I prefer a short life with width to a narrow one with length"[citation needed]. On his deathbed remorse seized him; he bestowed his goods on the poor, restored unjust gains, freed his slaves, and read through the Qur'an every three days until his death. He died in June 1037, in his fifty-eighth year, in the month of Ramadan and was buried in Hamadan, Iran.[25]
Avicennian philosophy[link]
Ibn Sīnā wrote extensively on early Islamic philosophy, especially the subjects logic, ethics, and metaphysics, including treatises named Logic and Metaphysics. Most of his works were written in Arabic - which was the de facto scientific language of the time in the Middle East, and some were written in the Persian language. Of linguistic significance even to this day are a few books that he wrote in nearly pure Persian language (particularly the Danishnamah-yi 'Ala', Philosophy for Ala' ad-Dawla'). Ibn Sīnā's commentaries on Aristotle often corrected the philosopher[citation needed], encouraging a lively debate in the spirit of ijtihad.
In the medieval Islamic world, due to Avicenna's successful[citation needed] reconciliation between Aristotelianism and Neoplatonism along with Kalam, Avicennism eventually became the leading school of Islamic philosophy by the 12th century, with Avicenna becoming a central authority on philosophy.[26]
Avicennism was also influential in medieval Europe, particular his doctrines on the nature of the soul and his existence-essence distinction, along with the debates and censure that they raised in scholastic Europe. This was particularly the case in Paris, where Avicennism was later proscribed in 1210. Nevertheless, his psychology and theory of knowledge influenced William of Auvergne, Bishop of Paris and Albertus Magnus, while his metaphysics had an impact on the thought of Thomas Aquinas.[27]
Metaphysical doctrine[link]
Early Islamic philosophy and Islamic metaphysics, imbued as it is with Islamic theology, distinguishes more clearly than Aristotelianism the difference between essence and existence. Whereas existence is the domain of the contingent and the accidental, essence endures within a being beyond the accidental. The philosophy of Ibn Sīnā, particularly that part relating to metaphysics, owes much to al-Farabi. The search for a definitive Islamic philosophy separate from Occasionalism can be seen in what is left of his work.
Following al-Farabi's lead, Avicenna initiated a full-fledged inquiry into the question of being, in which he distinguished between essence (Mahiat) and existence (Wujud). He argued that the fact of existence can not be inferred from or accounted for by the essence of existing things, and that form and matter by themselves cannot interact and originate the movement of the universe or the progressive actualization of existing things. Existence must, therefore, be due to an agent-cause that necessitates, imparts, gives, or adds existence to an essence. To do so, the cause must be an existing thing and coexist with its effect.[28]
Avicenna’s consideration of the essence-attributes question may be elucidated in terms of his ontological analysis of the modalities of being; namely impossibility, contingency, and necessity. Avicenna argued that the impossible being is that which cannot exist, while the contingent in itself (mumkin bi-dhatihi) has the potentiality to be or not to be without entailing a contradiction. When actualized, the contingent becomes a ‘necessary existent due to what is other than itself’ (wajib al-wujud bi-ghayrihi). Thus, contingency-in-itself is potential beingness that could eventually be actualized by an external cause other than itself. The metaphysical structures of necessity and contingency are different. Necessary being due to itself (wajib al-wujud bi-dhatihi) is true in itself, while the contingent being is ‘false in itself’ and ‘true due to something else other than itself’. The necessary is the source of its own being without borrowed existence. It is what always exists.[29][30] The Necessary exists ‘due-to-Its-Self’, and has no quiddity/essence (mahiyya) other than existence (wujud). Furthermore, It is ‘One’ (wahid ahad)[31] since there cannot be more than one ‘Necessary-Existent-due-to-Itself’ without differentia (fasl) to distinguish them from each other. Yet, to require differentia entails that they exist ‘due-to-themselves’ as well as ‘due to what is other than themselves’; and this is contradictory. However, if no differentia distinguishes them from each other, then there is no sense in which these ‘Existents’ are not one and the same.[32] Avicenna adds that the ‘Necessary-Existent-due-to-Itself’ has no genus (jins), nor a definition (hadd), nor a counterpart (nadd), nor an opposite (did), and is detached (bari’) from matter (madda), quality (kayf), quantity (kam), place (ayn), situation (wad’), and time (waqt).[33][34][35]
Natural philosophy[link]
Ibn Sina and Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī engaged in a written debate, with Abu Rayhan Biruni mostly criticizing Aristotelian natural philosophy and the Peripatetic school, while Avicenna and his student Ahmad ibn 'Ali al-Ma'sumi respond to Biruni's criticisms in writing. Abu Rayhan began by asking Avicenna eighteen questions, ten of which were criticisms of Aristotle's On the Heavens.[36]
Theology[link]
Ibn Sīnā was a devout Muslim and sought to reconcile rational philosophy with Islamic theology. His aim was to prove the existence of God and His creation of the world scientifically and through reason and logic.[37] Avicenna wrote a number of treatises dealing with Islamic theology. These included treatises on the Islamic prophets, whom he viewed as "inspired philosophers", and on various scientific and philosophical interpretations of the Qur'an, such as how Quranic cosmology corresponds to his own philosophical system.[38]
Ibn Sīnā memorized the Qur'an by the age of ten, and as an adult, he wrote five treatises commenting on suras from the Qur'an. One of these texts included the Proof of Prophecies, in which he comments on several Quranic verses and holds the Qur'an in high esteem. Avicenna argued that the Islamic prophets should be considered higher than philosophers.[39]
Thought experiments[link]
While he was imprisoned in the castle of Fardajan near Hamadhan, Avicenna wrote his famous "Floating Man" thought experiment to demonstrate human self-awareness and the substantiality and immateriality of the soul. Avicenna believed his "Floating Man" thought experiment demonstrated that the soul is a substance, and claimed humans cannot doubt their own consciousness, even in a situation that prevents all sensory data input. The thought experiment told its readers to imagine themselves created all at once while suspended in the air, isolated from all sensations, which includes no sensory contact with even their own bodies. He argued that, in this scenario, one would still have self-consciousness. Because it is conceivable that a person, suspended in air while cut off from sense experience, would still be capable of determining his own existence, the thought experiment points to the conclusions that the soul is a perfection, independent of the body, and an immaterial substance. The conceivability of this “Floating Man” indicates that the soul is perceived intellectually, which entails the soul’s separateness from the body. Avicenna referred to the living human intelligence, particularly the active intellect, which he believed to be the hypostasis by which God communicates truth to the human mind and imparts order and intelligibility to nature. However, Avicenna posited the brain as the place where reason interacts with sensation. Sensation prepares the soul to receive rational concepts from the universal Agent Intellect. The first knowledge of the flying person would be “I am,” affirming his or her essence. That essence could not be the body, obviously, as the flying person has no sensation. Thus, the knowledge that “I am” is the core of a human being: the soul exists and is self-aware.[40] Avicenna thus concluded that the idea of the self is not logically dependent on any physical thing, and that the soul should not be seen in relative terms, but as a primary given, a substance. The body is unnecessary; in relation to it, the soul is its perfection.[41][42][43] In itself, the soul is an immaterial substance.[44]
[edit] The Canon of Medicine
Main article: The Canon of Medicine
About 100 treatises were ascribed to Ibn Sina. Some of them are tracts of a few pages. Others are works extending through several volumes. His 14-volume The Canon of Medicine (Al-Qanoon fi al-Tibb, The Laws of Medicine) was a standard medical text in Europe and the Islamic world until the 18th century.[45]
Medicine and pharmacology[link]
The book is known for its description of contagious diseases and sexually transmitted diseases,[46] quarantine to limit the spread of infectious diseases, and testing of medicines. Ibn Sīnā adopted, from the Greeks, the theory that epidemics are caused by pollution in the air (miasma).[47] It classifies and describes diseases, and outlines their assumed causes. Hygiene, simple and complex medicines, and functions of parts of the body are also covered. The Canon agrees with Aristotle (and disagrees with Hippocrates) that tuberculosis was contagious, a fact which was not universally accepted in Europe until centuries later. It also describes the symptoms and complications of diabetes. Both forms of facial paralysis were described in-depth.
The Canon of Medicine discussed how to effectively test new medicines:
- The drug must be free from any extraneous accidental quality.
- It must be used on a simple, not a composite, disease.
- The drug must be tested with two contrary types of diseases, because sometimes a drug cures one disease by Its essential qualities and another by its accidental ones.
- The quality of the drug must correspond to the strength of the disease. For example, there are some drugs whose heat is less than the coldness of certain diseases, so that they would have no effect on them.
- The time of action must be observed, so that essence and accident are not confused.
- The effect of the drug must be seen to occur constantly or in many cases, for if this did not happen, it was an accidental effect.
- The experimentation must be done with the human body, for testing a drug on a lion or a horse might not prove anything about its effect on man.
An Arabic edition of the Canon appeared at Rome in 1593, and a Hebrew version at Naples in 1491. Of the Latin version there were about thirty editions, founded on the original translation by Gerard de Sabloneta. In the 15th century a commentary on the text of the Canon was composed. Other medical works translated into Latin are the Medicamenta Cordialia, Canticum de Medicina, and the Tractatus de Syrupo Acetoso.
It was mainly accident which determined that from the 12th to the 18th century, Ibn Sīnā should be the guide of medical study in European universities, and eclipse the names of Rhazes, Ali ibn al-Abbas and Averroes. His work is not essentially different from that of his predecessor Rhazes, because he presented the doctrine of Galen, and through Galen the doctrine of Hippocrates, modified by the system of Aristotle. But the Canon of Ibn Sīnā is distinguished from the Al-Hawi (Continence) or Summary of Rhazes by its greater method, due perhaps to the logical studies of the former.
The work has been variously appreciated in subsequent ages, some regarding it as a treasury of wisdom, and others, like Averroes, holding it useful only as waste paper. In modern times it has been mainly of historic interest as most of its tenets have been disproved or expanded upon by scientific medicine. The vice of the book is excessive classification of bodily faculties, and over-subtlety in the discrimination of diseases. It includes five books; of which the first and second discuss physiology, pathology and hygiene, the third and fourth deal with the methods of treating disease, and the fifth describes the composition and preparation of remedies. This last part contains some personal observations.
He is ample in the enumeration of symptoms, and is said to be inferior in practical medicine and surgery. He introduced into medical theory the four causes of the Peripatetic system. Of natural history and botany he pretended to no special knowledge. Up to the year 1650, or thereabouts, the Canon was still used as a textbook in the universities of Leuven and Montpellier.
In the museum at Bukhara, there are displays showing many of his writings, surgical instruments from the period and paintings of patients undergoing treatment. Ibn Sīnā was interested in the effect of the mind on the body, and wrote a great deal on psychology, likely influencing Ibn Tufayl and Ibn Bajjah. He also introduced medical herbs.
Avicenna extended the theory of temperaments in The Canon of Medicine to encompass "emotional aspects, mental capacity, moral attitudes, self-awareness, movements and dreams." He summarized his version of the four humours and temperaments in a table as follows:[48]
| Evidence | Hot | Cold | Moist | Dry |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Morbid states | inflammations become febrile | fevers related to serious humour, rheumatism | lassitude | loss of vigour |
| Functional power | deficient energy | deficient digestive power | difficult digestion | |
| Subjective sensations | bitter taste, excessive thirst, burning at cardia | Lack of desire for fluids | mucoid salivation, sleepiness | insomnia, wakefulness |
| Physical signs | high pulse rate, lassitude | flaccid joints | diarrhea, swollen eyelids, rough skin, acquired habit | rough skin, acquired habit |
| Foods & medicines | calefacients harmful, infrigidants beneficial | infrigidants harmful, calefacients beneficial | moist articles harmful | dry regimen harmful, humectants beneficial |
| Relation to weather | worse in summer | worse in winter | bad in autumn |
Physical Exercise: the Key to Health[link]
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The Canon of Medicine: Volume 1 of 5; Part 4 of 5: The Preservation of Health
Of Ibn Sina's Canon of Medicine which is written in 5 volumes, only the first volume has appeared in the English Language. In the first volume, Ibn Sina divides medicine into two parts as he explains it throughout the first book: the theoretical and the practical. The theoretical part consists of, but is not limited to, such things as: the causes of health and disease, the temperaments, the humours, anatomy, general physiology, the breath, psychology, discussion of causes of diseases and symptoms, the causes of illness, the classification of diseases, the pulse, the urine etc.
As he himself says in the book on pg 353 "In the first part of this book it was stated that medicine comprises two parts, one theoretical, and one practical, though both are really speculative science." (Avicenna 1999, p. 353)
Theoretical and Practical Medicine
Ibn Sina goes on to say that you do not get any benefit from just knowing how your body works, but rather the true benefit of medicine itself is in its practical aspect, since medicine is for the preservation of health.
"That which is speculative named theory relates to the formation of opinions and the showing of the evidence upon which they are based, without reference to the mode of acting upon them. Thus this part deals with the temperaments, the humors, the drives, and with the forms, the symptoms, and the causes of disease. That which is specially named practical relates to the mode of acting upon this knowledge, and the prescription of a regimen." (Avicenna 1999, p. 353)
The Benefits of Exercise
Once the purpose of medicine has been set forth, then from pages 377-455, Ibn Sina divides the way of achieving health as:
"Since the regimen of maintaining health consists essentially in the regulation of: (1) exercise (2) food and (3) sleep, we may begin our discourse with the subject of exercise". (Avicenna 1999, p. 377)
Exercise itself is divided into three main parts: The Massage (which is equivalent to massaging your muscles before you start to exercise); The Exercise itself; and lastly the Cold Bath.
Giving one of the greatest benefits of the regimen of exercise, and then explaining the extremely important and necessary need for physical exercise; Ibn Sina states:
"Once we direct the attention towards regulating exercise as to amount and time, we shall find there is no need for such medicines as are ordinarily required for remedying diseases dependent on [abnormal] matters, or diseases of temperament consequent upon such. This is true provided the rest of the regimen is appropriate and proper." (Avicenna 1999, p. 377)
The value of exercise includes the following (1) it hardens the organs and renders them fit for their functions (2) it results in a better absorption of food, aids assimilation, and, by increasing the innate heat, improves nutrition (3) it clears the pores of the skin (4) it removes effete substances through the lungs (5) it strengthens the physique. Vigorous exercise invigorates the muscular and nervous system." (Avicenna 1999, p. 379)
In what manner does Ibn Sina uses the word temperament? In saying that exercise cures diseases of temperamant
Ibn Sina divides temperament into that which is harmonious and that which is non-uniform. Ibn Sina says on pg 276-277
"In addition to the signs of the normal temperament already given, there are: Mental faculties including: vigor of imagination, intellectual power, and memory." (Avicenna 1999, p. 276)
"In brief, there is non-uniformity of temperament among the members; or, perchance, the principal members depart from equability and come to be of contrary temperament, one deviating towards one, another to its contrary. If the components of the body are out of proportion, it is unfortunate both for talent and reasoning power." (Avicenna 1999, p. 277)
The Purpose of Exercise and the Dangers of its negligence
Continuing on the proof to why exercise should be so beneficial Ibn Sina says "We know that this must be so when we reflect how in regard to nutriment, our health depends on the nutriment being appropriate for us and regulated in quantity and quality. For not one of the aliments which are capable of nourishing the body is converted into actual nutriment in its entirety. In every case digestion leaves something untouched, and nature takes care to have that evacuated. Nevertheless, the evacuation which nature accomplishes is not a complete one. Hence at the end of each digestion there is some superfluity left over. Should this be a frequent occurrence, repetition would lead to further aggregation until something measurable has accumulated. As a result, harmful effete substances would form and injure various parts of the body. When they undergo decomposition, putrefactive diseases arise [bacterial infections]. Should they be strong in quality, they will give rise to intemperament; and if they should increase in quantity, they would set up the symptoms of plethora which have already been described. Flowing to some member, they will result in an inflammatory mass, and their vapors will destroy the temperament of the substantial basis of the breath. That is the reason why we must be careful to evacuate these substances. Their evacuation is usually not completely accomplished without the aid of toxic medicines, for these break up the nature of the effate substances. This can be achieved only by toxic agents, although the drinking of them is to a certain extent deleterious to our nature. As Hippocrates says: "Medicine purges and ages." More than this the discharge of superfluous humor entails the loss of a large part of the natural humidities and of the breath, which is the substance of life. All this is at the expense of the strength of the principal and the auxiliary members, and therefore they are weakened thereby. These and other things account for the difficulties incident to plethora, whether they remain behind in the body or are evacuated by it." (Avicenna 1999, pp. 377–8)
Just before this Ibn Sina explained how accumulation of food in our body, can cause diseases, and one way to rid us of this is strong medicines. However, as he explains; this is not the ideal way, and certainly not the long-term. Thus, to make his point very clear, and show the extreme necessity of daily exercise for health, Ibn Sina states:
"Now exercise is that agent which most surely prevents the accumulation of these matters, and prevents plethora. The other forms of regiment assist it. It is this exercise which renews and revives the innate heat, and imparts the necessary lightness to the body, for it causes the subtle heat to be increased and daily disperses whatever effete substances have accumulated; the movements of the body help them to expel them conveying them to those parts of the body whence they can readily leave it. Hence the effete matters are not allowed to collect day after day and besides this, as we have just said, exercise causes the innate heat to flourish and keeps the joints and ligaments firm, so as to be always ready for service, and also free from injury. It renders the members able to receive nutriment, in being free from accumulated effate matters. Hence it renders the members light and the humidities attenuated, and it dilates the pores of the skin. To forsake exercise would often incur the risk of "hectic", because the instinctive drives of the members are impaired, inasmuch as the deprivation of movement prevents the access to them of the innate breath. And this last is the real instrument of life for every one of the members." (Avicenna 1999, pp. 378–9)
Massage
Before you begin to exercise it is important that you massage your muscles; as Ibn Sina says on page 385:
"Massage as a preparatory to athletics. The massage begins gently, and then becomes more vigorous as the time approaches for the exercise." (Avicenna 1999, p. 385)
Exercises
The exercises themselves are divided into 'strenuous, mild, vigorous and brisk'. On pages 379-381; Ibn Sina states the types of exercises under each type:
"Strenuous exercises include: wrestling contests, boxing, quick marching, running, jumping over an object higher than one foot, throwing the javelin, fencing, horsemanship, swimming. Mild exercises include: fishing, sailing, being carried on camels, swinging to and fro. Vigorous exercises include: those performed by soldiers in camp, in military sports; field running, long jumping, high jumping, polo, stone throwing, lifting heavy stones or weights, various forms of wrestling. Brisk exercises include: involves interchanging places with a partner as swiftly as possible, each jumping to and fro, either in time [to music] or irregularly." (Avicenna 1999, pp. 379–81)
There are certain important things to note once you start exercising, one is the amount, the other consistency; Ibn Sina states about the amount:
"(1) the color - as long as the skin goes on becoming florid, the exercise may be continued. After it ceases to do so, the exercise must be discontinued." (Avicenna 1999, p. 384)
On being consistent with exercise Ibn Sina states (on the importance of having a regimen):
"At the conclusion of the first day's exercise, you will know the degree of exercise allowable and when you know the amount of nourishment the person can bear, do not make any change in either on the second day. Arrange that the measure of aliment, and the amount of exercise shall not exceed that limit ascertained on the first day." (Avicenna 1999, p. 385)
On the side note those who think themselves to be elderly, and thus think of shunning exercise, Ibn Sina write a complete chapter titled "Concerning the Elderly" in the Qanun, and states the same regimen for them, as he does for others. He states on page 433
"For if, towards the end of life, the body is still equable, it will be right to allow attempered exercises. If one part of the body should not be in a first-rate condition, then that part should not be exercised until the others have been exercised..... On the other hand, if the ailment were in the feet, then the exercise should employ the upper limbs: for instance, rowing, throwing weights, lifting weights." (Avicenna 1999, p. 433)
Bathing in Cold Water
Once you have finished exercising; it is often that the person will feel tired and fatigued; to combat this problem Ibn Sina says on page 388:
"The beneficial Effects of Baths: The benefits are (1) induction of sleep (2) dilation of pores (3) cleansing of skin (4) dispersal of the undesirable waste matters (5) maturation of abscesses (6) drawing of nutriment towards the surface of the body (7) assistance to the physiological dispersion and excretion of poisonous matters (8) prevention of diarrhea and (9) removal of fatigue effects." (Avicenna 1999, p. 388)
Most importantly you should remember:
"A person should not go into the bath immediately after exercise. He should rest properly first." (Avicenna 1999, p. 387)
There are two more things that are important to mention on this subject:
"Injurious effects include the fact that the heart is weakened if the person stays too long in the bath" (Avicenna 1999, p. 388)
"Cold Bathing should not be done after exercise except in the case of the very robust. Even then the rules which we have given should be followed. To use cold baths in the ways we have named drives the natural heat suddenly into the interior parts, and then invigorates the strength so that the person should leave the bath twice as strong as when he entered." (Avicenna 1999, p. 390)
Diet
Once Ibn Sina has laid the foundation of exercise being central to health, he names many exercises as running, swimming, weight lifting, polo, fencing, boxing, wrestling, long jumping, high jumping, etc. He also gives a diet to go along with the exercise:
"The meal should include: (1) meat especially kid of goats; veal, and year-old lambs [this means white meat in today`s terms] (2) wheat, which is cleaned of extraneous matter and gathered during a healthy harvest without ever being exposed to injurious influences (3) sweets (fruits) of appropriate temperament." (Avicenna 1999, p. 390)
Lastly, the third thing mentioned is sleep; to make sure that you do not sleep during the days, and do not stay awake during the nights. From the above reading, it is clear that Ibn Sina gave advice in his book which is still the same advice medical doctors give to their patients. Daily Physical Exercise; and to defeat diseases such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, the prescription of a diet which contains high amounts of Whole Grains and little to no amounts of Refined Carbohydrates.
Psychology[link]
In The Canon of Medicine, Avicenna described a number of conditions, including melancholia.[49] He described melancholia as a depressive type of mood disorder in which the person may become suspicious and develop certain types of phobias.[50]
Unani medicine[link]
Main article: Unani medicine
Though the threads which comprise Unani healing can be traced all the way back to Galen of Pergamon, who lived in the 2nd century AD, the basic knowledge of Unani medicine as a healing system was developed by Hakim Ibn Sina in his medical encyclopedia The Canon of Medicine. The time of origin is thus dated at circa 1025 AD, when Avicenna wrote The Canon of Medicine in Persia, which remains a text book in the syllabus of Unani medicine in the colleges of India[51] and Pakistan.
[edit] The Book of Healing
Main article: The Book of Healing
Earth sciences[link]
Ibn Sīnā wrote on Earth sciences such as geology in The Book of Healing.[52] While discussing the formation of mountains, he explained:
Either they are the effects of upheavals of the crust of the earth, such as might occur during a violent earthquake, or they are the effect of water, which, cutting itself a new route, has denuded the valleys, the strata being of different kinds, some soft, some hard... It would require a long period of time for all such changes to be accomplished, during which the mountains themselves might be somewhat diminished in size.—[52]
Philosophy of science[link]
In the Al-Burhan (On Demonstration) section of The Book of Healing, Avicenna discussed the philosophy of science and described an early scientific method of inquiry. He discusses Aristotle's Posterior Analytics and significantly diverged from it on several points. Avicenna discussed the issue of a proper methodology for scientific inquiry and the question of "How does one acquire the first principles of a science?" He asked how a scientist would arrive at "the initial axioms or hypotheses of a deductive science without inferring them from some more basic premises?" He explains that the ideal situation is when one grasps that a "relation holds between the terms, which would allow for absolute, universal certainty." Avicenna then adds two further methods for arriving at the first principles: the ancient Aristotelian method of induction (istiqra), and the method of examination and experimentation (tajriba). Avicenna criticized Aristotelian induction, arguing that "it does not lead to the absolute, universal, and certain premises that it purports to provide." In its place, he develops a "method of experimentation as a means for scientific inquiry."[53]
Physics[link]
In mechanics, Ibn Sīnā, in The Book of Healing, developed an elaborate theory of motion, in which he made a distinction between the inclination (tendency to motion) and force of a projectile, and concluded that motion was a result of an inclination (mayl) transferred to the projectile by the thrower, and that projectile motion in a vacuum would not cease.[54] He viewed inclination as a permanent force whose effect is dissipated by external forces such as air resistance.[55]
The theory of motion developed by Avicenna may have influenced Jean Buridan's theory of impetus (the ancestor of the inertia and momentum concepts).[56]
In optics, Ibn Sina was among those who argued that light had a speed, observing that "if the perception of light is due to the emission of some sort of particles by a luminous source, the speed of light must be finite.".[57] He also provided a wrong explanation of the rainbow phenomenon. Carl Benjamin Boyer described Avicenna's ("Ibn Sīnā") theory on the rainbow as follows:
Independent observation had demonstrated to him that the bow is not formed in the dark cloud but rather in the very thin mist lying between the cloud and the sun or observer. The cloud, he thought, serves simply as the background of this thin substance, much as a quicksilver lining is placed upon the rear surface of the glass in a mirror. Ibn Sīnā would change the place not only of the bow, but also of the color formation, holding the iridescence to be merely a subjective sensation in the eye.—[58]
In 1253, a Latin text entitled Speculum Tripartitum stated the following regarding Avicenna's theory on heat:
Avicenna says in his book of heaven and earth, that heat is generated from motion in external things.—[59]
Psychology[link]
Avicenna's legacy in classical psychology is primarily embodied in the Kitab al-nafs parts of his Kitab al-shifa' (The Book of Healing) and Kitab al-najat (The Book of Deliverance). These were known in Latin under the title De Anima (treatises "on the soul"). The main thesis of these tracts is represented in his so-called "flying man" argument, which resonates with what was centuries later entailed by Descartes's cogito argument (or what phenomenology designates as a form of an "epoche").[41][42]
Avicenna’s psychology requires that connection between the body and soul be strong enough to ensure the soul’s individuation, but weak enough to allow for its immortality. Avicenna grounds his psychology on physiology, which means his account of the soul is one that deals almost entirely with the natural science of the body and its abilities of perception. Thus, the philosopher's connection between the soul and body is explained almost entirely by his understanding of perception; in this way, bodily perception interrelates with the immaterial human intellect. In sense perception, the perceiver senses the form of the object; first, by perceiving features of the object by our external senses. This sensory information is supplied to the internal senses, which merge all the pieces into a whole, unified conscious experience. This process of perception and abstraction is the nexus of the soul and body, for the material body may only perceive material objects, while the immaterial soul may only receive the immaterial, universal forms. The way the soul and body interact in the final abstraction of the universal from the concrete particular is the key to their relationship and interaction, which takes place in the physical body.[60]
The soul completes the action of intellection by accepting forms that have been abstracted from matter. This process requires a concrete particular (material) to be abstracted into the universal intelligible (immaterial). The material and immaterial interact through the Active Intellect, which is a “divine light” containing the intelligible forms.[61] The Active Intellect reveals the universals concealed in material objects much like the sun makes color available to our eyes.
Other contributions[link]
Astronomy and astrology[link]
The practice of judicial astrology was refuted by Avicenna. His reasons were due to the methods used by astrologers in judicial astrology being conjectural rather than empirical and also due to the principles of this type of astrology conflicting with orthodox Islam. He also cited passages from the Qur'an in order to justify his refutation of astrology on both scientific and religious grounds.[62] However, Avicenna’s refutation of astrology (in the treatise titled Resāla fī ebṭāl aḥkām al-nojūm) concerned only the judicial application of astrology rather than the philosophical principles of the subject and its natural influence. He stated that it was true that each planet had some influence on the earth, but his argument was the difficulty of astrologers being able to determine the exact effect of it. In essence, Avicenna did not refute astrology, but denied man’s limited capacity to be able to know the precise effects of the stars on the sublunar matter. With that, he did not refute the essential dogma of astrology, but only refuted our ability to fully understand it.[63]
In astronomy, he criticized Aristotle's view of the stars receiving their light from the Sun. Ibn Sīnā stated that the stars are self-luminous, and believed that the planets are also self-luminous.[64] He claimed to have observed the transit of Venus across the Sun on May 24, 1032.[65] However, modern scholars have questioned whether he could have observed the transit from his location at that time.[66] He used his transit observation to demonstrate that Venus was, at least sometimes, below the Sun in the Ptolemaic cosmology.[67]
Soon after, he wrote the Compendium of the Almagest, a commentary on Ptolemy's Almagest. Avicenna concluded that Venus is closer to the Earth than the Sun.[65] In 1070, Abu Ubayd al-Juzjani, a pupil of Ibn Sīnā, claimed that his teacher Ibn Sīnā had solved the equant problem in the Ptolemaic model.[68]
Chemistry[link]
Ibn Sīnā used distillation to produce essential oils such as rose essence, forming the foundation of what later became aromatherapy.[69] Four of his works on alchemy were translated into Latin as:[70]
- Liber Aboali Abincine de Anima in arte Alchemiae
- Declaratio Lapis physici Avicennae filio sui Aboali
- Avicennae de congelatione et conglutinatione lapidum
- Avicennae ad Hasan Regem epistola de Re recta
In one of these works, Ibn Sīnā discredited the theory of the transmutation of substances commonly believed by alchemists:
Those of the chemical craft know well that no change can be effected in the different species of substances, though they can produce the appearance of such change.—[71]
Among his works on alchemy, Liber Aboali Abincine de Anima in arte Alchemiae was the most influential, having influenced later medieval chemists and alchemists such as Vincent of Beauvais.[70]
In another work, translated into Latin as De congelatione et conglutinatione lapidum, Ibn Sina proposed a four-part classification of inorganic bodies, which was a significant improvement over the two-part classification of Aristotle (into orycta and metals) and three-part classification of Galen (into terrae, lapides and metals). The four parts of Ibn Sina's classification were: lapides, sulfur, salts and metals.[72][verification needed]
Poetry[link]
Almost half of Ibn Sīnā's works are versified.[73] His poems appear in both Arabic and Persian. As an example, Edward Granville Browne claims that the following Persian verses are incorrectly attributed to Omar Khayyám, and were originally written by Ibn Sīnā:[74]
از قعر گل سیاه تا اوج زحل
کردم همه مشکلات گیتی را حل
بیرون جستم زقید هر مکر و حیل
هر بند گشاده شد مگر بند اجل
Up from Earth's Centre through the Seventh Gate,
I rose, and on the Throne of Saturn sate,
And many Knots unravel'd by the Road,
But not the Master-Knot of Human Fate.
Legacy[link]
-donatedsb_f.jpg)
As early as the 14th century when Dante Alighieri depicted him in Limbo alongside the virtuous non-Christian thinkers in his Divine Comedy such as Virgil, Averroes, Homer, Horace, Ovid, Lucan, Socrates, Plato, and Saladin, Avicenna has been recognized by both East and West, as one of the great figures in intellectual history.
George Sarton, the author of The History of Science, described Ibn Sīnā as "one of the greatest thinkers and medical scholars in history"[46] and called him "the most famous scientist of Islam and one of the most famous of all races, places, and times." He was one of the Islamic world's leading writers in the field of medicine, and similarly to earlier Islamic writers he followed the approach of Galen (and Hippocrates as transmitted through Galen).[75] Along with Rhazes, Abulcasis, Ibn al-Nafis, and al-Ibadi, Ibn Sīnā is considered an important compiler of early Muslim medicine. He is remembered in the Western history of medicine as a major historical figure who made important contributions to medicine and the European Renaissance. His medical texts were unusual in that where controversy existed between Galen and Aristotle's views on medical matters (such as anatomy), he preferred to side with Aristotle, where necessary updating Aristotle's position to take into account post-Aristotilian advances in anatomical knowledge.[76] Aristotle's dominant intellectual influence among medieval European scholars meant that Avicenna's linking of Galen's medical writings with Aristotle's philosophical writings in the Canon of Medicine (along with its comprehensive and logical organisation of knowledge) significantly increased Avicenna's importance in medieval Europe in comparison to other Islamic writers on medicine. His influence following translation of the Canon was such that from the early fourteenth to the mid-sixteenth centuries he was ranked with Hippocrates and Galen as one of the acknowledged authorities, princeps medicorum (prince of physicians).[77]
In Iran, he is considered a national icon, and is often regarded as one of the greatest Persians to have ever lived. Many portraits and statues remain in Iran today. An impressive monument to the life and works of the man who is known as the 'doctor of doctors' still stands outside the Bukhara museum and his portrait hangs in the Hall of the Avicenna Faculty of Medicine in the University of Paris. There is also a crater on the Moon named Avicenna and a plant genus Avicennia. Bu-Ali Sina University in Hamadan (Iran), the ibn Sīnā Tajik State Medical University in Dushanbe (The capital of the Republic of Tajikistan), Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine and Sciences at Aligarh, India, Avicenna School in Karachi and Avicenna Medical College in Lahore[78] Pakistan, Ibne Sina Balkh Medical School in his native province of Balkh in Afghanistan, Ibni Sina Faculty Of Medicine of Ankara University Ankara, Turkey and Ibn Sina Integrated School in Marawi City (Philippines) are all named in his honour. In 1980, the former Soviet Union, which then ruled his birthplace Bukhara, celebrated the thousandth anniversary of Avicenna's birth by circulating various commemorative stamps with artistic illustrations, and by erecting a bust of Avicenna based on anthropological research by Soviet scholars. Near his birthplace in Qishlak Afshona, some 25 km (16 mi). north of Bukhara, a training college for medical staff has been named for him. On the grounds is a museum dedicated to his life, times and work. GoogleEarth: SEE.
In March 2008, it was announced[79] that Avicenna’s name would be used for new Directories of education institutions for health care professionals, worldwide. The Avicenna Directories will list universities and schools where doctors, public health practitioners, pharmacists and others, are educated. The project team stated “Why Avicenna? Avicenna ... was ... noted for his synthesis of knowledge from both east and west. He has had a lasting influence on the development of medicine and health sciences. The use of Avicenna’s name symbolises the worldwide partnership that is needed for the promotion of health services of high quality.”
Works[link]
The treatises of Ibn Sīnā influenced later Muslim thinkers in many areas including theology, philology, mathematics, astronomy, physics, and music. Ibn Sīnā's works numbered almost 450 volumes on a wide range of subjects, of which around 240 have survived. In particular, 150 volumes of his surviving works concentrate on philosophy and 40 of them concentrate on medicine.[8] His most famous works are The Book of Healing, a vast philosophical and scientific encyclopaedia, and The Canon of Medicine,[9]
Ibn Sīnā wrote at least one treatise on alchemy, but several others have been falsely attributed to him. His book on animals was translated by Michael Scot. His Logic, Metaphysics, Physics, and De Caelo, are treatises giving a synoptic view of Aristotelian doctrine, though the Metaphysics demonstrates a significant departure from the brand of Neoplatonism known as Aristotelianism in Ibn Sīnā's world; Arabic philosophers have hinted at the idea that Ibn Sīnā was attempting to "re-Aristotelianise" Muslim philosophy in its entirety, unlike his predecessors, who accepted the conflation of Platonic, Aristotelian, Neo- and Middle-Platonic works transmitted into the Muslim world.
The Logic and Metaphysics have been extensively reprinted, the latter, e.g., at Venice in 1493, 1495, and 1546. Some of his shorter essays on medicine, logic, etc., take a poetical form (the poem on logic was published by Schmoelders in 1836).[citation needed] Two encyclopaedic treatises, dealing with philosophy, are often mentioned. The larger, Al-Shifa' (Sanatio), exists nearly complete in manuscript in the Bodleian Library and elsewhere; part of it on the De Anima appeared at Pavia (1490) as the Liber Sextus Naturalium, and the long account of Ibn Sina's philosophy given by Muhammad al-Shahrastani seems to be mainly an analysis, and in many places a reproduction, of the Al-Shifa'. A shorter form of the work is known as the An-najat (Liberatio). The Latin editions of part of these works have been modified by the corrections which the monastic editors confess that they applied. There is also a حكمت مشرقيه (hikmat-al-mashriqqiyya, in Latin Philosophia Orientalis), mentioned by Roger Bacon, the majority of which is lost in antiquity, which according to Averroes was pantheistic in tone.
List of works[link]
This is the list of some of Avicenna's well-known works:[80][81]
- Sirat al-shaykh al-ra’is (The Life of Ibn Sina), ed. and trans. WE. Gohlman, Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1974. (The only critical edition of Ibn Sina’s autobiography, supplemented with material from a biography by his student Abu ‘Ubayd al-Juzjani. A more recent translation of the Autobiography appears in D. Gutas, Avicenna and the Aristotelian Tradition: Introduction to Reading Avicenna’s Philosophical Works, Leiden: Brill, 1988.)[80]
- Al-Isharat wa-‘l-tanbihat (Remarks and Admonitions), ed. S. Dunya, Cairo, 1960; parts translated by S.C. Inati, Remarks and Admonitions, Part One: Logic, Toronto, Ont.: Pontifical Institute for Mediaeval Studies, 1984, and Ibn Sina and Mysticism, Remarks and Admonitions: Part 4, London: Kegan Paul International, 1996.[80]
- Al-Qanun fi’l-tibb (The Canon of Medicine), ed. I. a-Qashsh, Cairo, 1987. (Encyclopedia of medicine.)[80]
- Risalah fi sirr al-qadar (Essay on the Secret of Destiny), trans. G. Hourani in Reason and Tradition in Islamic Ethics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.[80]
- Danishnama-i ‘ala’i (The Book of Scientific Knowledge), ed. and trans. P Morewedge, The Metaphysics of Avicenna, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1973.[80]
- Kitab al-Shifa’ (The Book of Healing). (Ibn Sina’s major work on philosophy. He probably began to compose al-Shifa’ in 1014, and completed it in 1020.) Critical editions of the Arabic text have been published in Cairo, 1952–83, originally under the supervision of I. Madkour[80]
- Kitab al-Najat (The Book of Salvation), trans. F. Rahman, Avicenna’s Psychology: An English Translation of Kitab al-Najat, Book II, Chapter VI with Historical-philosophical Notes and Textual Improvements on the Cairo Edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1952. (The psychology of al-Shifa’.)
- Hayy ibn Yaqdhan a Persian myth. A novel called Hayy ibn Yaqdhan, based on Avicenna's story, was later written by Ibn Tufail (Abubacer) in the 12th century and translated into Latin and English as Philosophus Autodidactus in the 17th and 18th centuries respectively. In the 13th century, Ibn al-Nafis wrote his own novel Fadil ibn Natiq, known as Theologus Autodidactus in the West, as a critical response to Hayy ibn Yaqdhan.[82]
Persian works[link]
Danishnama-i ‘Alai[link]
Danishnama-i ‘Alai is called "the Book of Knowledge for [Prince] 'Ala ad-Daulah". One of Avicenna's important Persian work is the Daaneshnaame (literally: the book of knowledge) for Prince 'Ala ad-Daulah (the local Buyid ruler). The linguist aspects of the Dāneš-nāma and the originality of their Persian vocabulary are of great interest to Iranian philologists. Avicenna created new scientific vocabulary that had not existed before in the modern Persian language. The Dāneš-nāma covers such topics as logic, metaphysics, music theory and other sciences of his time. This book has been translated into English by Parwiz Mowewedge.[83]
Andar Danesh-e-Rag[link]
Andar Danesh-e-Rag is called "On the science of the pulse". This book contains nine chapters on the science of the pulse and is a condensed synonpsis.
Persian Poetry[link]
Persian poetry from Ibn Sina is recorded in various manuscripts and later anthologies such as Nozhat al-Majales.
In popular culture[link]
The Walking Drum[link]
In Louis L'Amour's 1985 historical novel The Walking Drum, Kerbouchard studies and discusses Avicenna's The Canon of Medicine.
The Physician[link]
In his book The Physician (1988) Noah Gordon tells the story of a young English medical apprentice who disguises himself as a Jew to learn from Avicenna, the great master of his time.
The manuscript of Avicenna (El Manuscrito de Avicena)[link]
More recently, in 2011, the Spanish writer Ezequiel Teodoro has published a novel, The manuscript of Avicenna (El Manuscrito de Avicena), which recreates some moments in the life of the Persian physician.
See also[link]
- Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi
- Al-Qumri
- Avicennia, a genus of mangrove named after Ibn Sīnā
- Avicenna Research Institute, a biotechnology research institute named after Ibn Sīnā
- Ibn Sina Peak - named after the Scientist
- Islamic scholars
- Mumijo
- Philosophy
- Science in medieval Islam
- Science and technology in Iran
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It was a permanent force whose effect got dissipated only as a result of external agents such as air resistance. He is apparently the first to conceive such a permanent type of impressed virtue for non-natural motion.
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- ^ Avicenna (1952). F. Rahman. ed. Avicenna's Psychology. An English translation of Kitāb al-Najāt, Book II, Chapter VI, with Historico-Philosophical Notes and Textual Improvements on the Cairo edition. London: Oxford University Press, Geoffrey Cumberlege. pp. 68–69.
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- ^ www.amch.edu.pk
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- ^ a b c d e f g "Ibn Sina Abu ‘Ali Al-Husayn". Muslimphilosophy.com. http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/sina/art/ibn%20Sina-REP.htm#islw. Retrieved 2010-01-19.
- ^ Tasaneef lbn Sina by Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman, Tabeeb Haziq, Gujarat, Pakistan, 1986, p. 176-198
- ^ Nahyan A. G. Fancy (2006), "Pulmonary Transit and Bodily Resurrection: The Interaction of Medicine, Philosophy and Religion in the Works of Ibn al-Nafīs (d. 1288)", pp. 95-102, Electronic Theses and Dissertations, University of Notre Dame.[7]
- ^ Avicenna, Danish Nama-i 'Alai. trans. Parviz Morewedge as The Metaphysics of Avicenna (New York: Columbia University Pres), 1977.
- Attribution
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Avicenna". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Further reading[link]
Encyclopedic articles[link]
- Flannery, Michael. "Avicenna". Encyclopædia Britannica. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/45755/Avicenna.
- Goichon, A.-M. (1999). "IBN SINA, Abu 'Ali al-Husayn b. 'Abd Allah b. Sina, known in the West as Avicenna". Encyclopedia of Islam. Brill Publishers. http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/sina/art/ei-is.htm.
- Mahdi, M.; D. Gutas, Sh. B. Abed, M. E. Marmura, F. Rahman, G. Saliba, O. Wright, B. Musallam, M. Achena, S. Van Riet, U. Weisser (1987). "Avicenna". Encyclopædia Iranica. http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/avicenna-index.
- "Avicenna". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 1913.
- O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Abu Ali al-Husain ibn Abdallah ibn Sina (Avicenna)", MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, University of St Andrews, http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Avicenna.html .
- Ragep, Sally P. (2007). "Ibn Sīnā: Abū ʿAlī al‐Ḥusayn ibn ʿAbdallāh ibn Sīnā". In Thomas Hockey et al. The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers. New York: Springer. pp. 570–2. ISBN 978-0-387-31022-0. http://islamsci.mcgill.ca/RASI/BEA/Ibn_Sina_BEA.htm. (PDF version)
- Avicenna entry by Sajjad H. Rizvi in the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Primary literature[link]
- Avicenna (2005). The Metaphysics of The Healing. A parallel English-Arabic text translation. Michael E. Marmura (trans.) (1 ed.). Brigham Young University. ISBN 0-934893-77-2.
- Avicenna (1999). The Canon of Medicine (al-Qānūn fī'l-ṭibb), vol. 1. Laleh Bakhtiar (ed.), Oskar Cameron Gruner (trans.), Mazhar H. Shah (trans.). Great Books of the Islamic World. ISBN 978-1-871031-67-6.
- Avicenne: Réfutation de l'astrologie. Edition et traduction du texte arabe, introduction, notes et lexique par Yahya Michot. Préface d'Elizabeth Teissier (Beirut-Paris: Albouraq, 2006) ISBN 2-84161-304-6.
- For a list of other extant works, C. Brockelmann's Geschichte der arabischen Litteratur (Weimar, 1898), vol. i. pp. 452–458. (XV. W.; G. W. T.)
- For Ibn Sina's life, see Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary, translated by de Slane (1842); F. Wüstenfeld's Geschichte der arabischen Aerzte und Naturforscher (Göttingen, 1840).
- Madelung, Wilferd and Toby Mayer (ed. and tr.), Struggling with the Philosopher: A Refutation of Avicenna’s Metaphysics. A New Arabic Edition and English Translation of Shahrastani's Kitab al-Musara'a.
Secondary literature[link]
- Afnan, Soheil M. (1958). Avicenna: His Life and Works. London: G. Allen & Unwin. OCLC 31478971.
- This is, on the whole, an informed and good account of the life and accomplishments of one of the greatest influences on the development of thought both Eastern and Western. [...] It is not as philosophically thorough as the works of D. Saliba, A. M. Goichon, or L. Gardet, but it is probably the best essay in English on this important thinker of the Middle Ages. (Julius R. Weinberg, The Philosophical Review, Vol. 69, No. 2, Apr. 1960, pp. 255–259)
- Goodman, Lenn E. (2006). Avicenna (Updated ed.). Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-415-01929-X.
- This is a distinguished work which stands out from, and above, many of the books and articles which have ben written in this century on Avicenna (Ibn Sīnā) (A.D. 980–1037). It has two main features on which its distinction as a major contribution to Avicennan studies may be said to rest: the first is its clarity and readability; the second is the comparative approach adopted by the author [...]. (Ian Richard Netton, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Third Series, Vol. 4, No. 2, July 1994, pp. 263–264)
- Gutas, Dimitri (1987). "Avicenna's maḏhab, with an Appendix on the question of his date of birth". Quaderni di Studi Arabi 5-6: pp. 323–36.
- Y. T. Langermann (ed.), Avicenna and his Legacy. A Golden Age of Science and Philosophy, Brepols Publishers, 2010, ISBN 978-2-503-52753-6
- For a new understanding of his early career, based on a newly discovered text, see also: Michot, Yahya, Ibn Sînâ: Lettre au vizir Abû Sa'd. Editio princeps d'après le manuscrit de Bursa, traduction de l'arabe, introduction, notes et lexique (Beirut-Paris: Albouraq, 2000) ISBN 2-84161-150-7.
- Strohmaier, Gotthard (2006) (in German). Avicenna. Beck C. H.. ISBN 3-406-54134-8.
- This German publication is both one of the most comprehensive general introductions to the life and works of the philosopher and physician Avicenna (Ibn Sīnā, d. 1037) and an extensive and careful survey of his contribution to the history of science. Its author is a renowned expert in Greek and Arabic medicine who has paid considerable attention to Avicenna in his recent studies [...]. (Amos Bertolacci, Isis, Vol. 96, No. 4, December 2005, p. 649)
- Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman. Resalah Judiya of Ibn Sina (First edition 1971), Literary Research Unit, CCRIH, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh; (Second edition 1981) Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, Govt. of India, New Delhi; (Fourth edition 1999), Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, Govt. of India, New Delhi.
- Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman (1996). AI-Advia al-Qalbia of Ibn Sina. Publication Division, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh.
- Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman. Ilmul Amraz of Ibn Sina (First edition 1969), Tibbi Academy, Delhi (Second edition 1990), (Third edition 1994), Tibbi Academy, Aligarh.
- Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman (1986). "Qanoon lbn Sina Aur Uskey Shareheen wa Mutarjemeen". Qanoon lbn Sina Aur Uskey Shareheen wa Mutarjemeen. Publication Division, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh.
- Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman (1986), Qānūn-i ibn-i Sīnā aur us ke shārḥīn va mutarajimīn, ʻAlīgaṛh: Pablīkeshan Dīvīzan, Muslim Yūnīvarsiṭī, http://openlibrary.org/books/OL1374509M/Qānūn-i_ibn-i_Sīnā_aur_us_ke_shārḥīn_va_mutarajimīn
- Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman (2004). "Qanun Ibn Sina and its Translation and Commentators (Persian Translation; 203pp)". Qanun Ibn Sina and its Translation and Commentators (Persian Translation; 203pp). Society for the Appreciation of Cultural Works and Dignitaries, Tehran, Iran.
- Shaikh al Rais Ibn Sina (Special number) 1958-59, Ed. Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman, Tibbia College Magazine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
Medicine[link]
- Edward G. Browne, Islamic Medicine, 2002, Goodword Pub., ISBN 81-87570-19-9
- Sprengel, Histoire de la Medicine (1815)[page needed]
Philosophy[link]
- Amos Bertolacci, The Reception of Aristotle's Metaphysics in Avicenna's Kitab al-Sifa'. A Milestone of Western Metaphysical Thought (Leiden: Brill 2006)
- Dimitri Gutas, Avicenna and the Aristotelian Tradition: Introduction to Reading Avicenna's Philosophical Works (Leiden: Brill 1988)
- Michot, Jean R., La destinée de l'homme selon Avicenne (Louvain: Aedibus Peeters, 1986) ISBN 978-90-6831-071-9. (French)
- Nader El-Bizri, The Phenomenological Quest between Avicenna and Heidegger (Binghamton, N.Y.: Global Publications SUNY, 2000)
- Nader El-Bizri, "Avicenna and Essentialism," Review of Metaphysics, Vol. 54 (June 2001), pp. 753–778
- Nader El-Bizri, "Avicenna’s De Anima between Aristotle and Husserl," in The Passions of the Soul in the Metamorphosis of Becoming, ed. Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003), pp. 67–89
- Nader El-Bizri, "Being and Necessity: A Phenomenological Investigation of Avicenna’s Metaphysics and Cosmology," in Islamic Philosophy and Occidental Phenomenology on the Perennial Issue of Microcosm and Macrocosm, ed. Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2006), pp. 243–261
- Reisman, David C. (ed.), "Before and After Avicenna: Proceedings of the First Conference of the Avicenna Study Group" (Leiden: Brill 2003)
External links[link]
- Avicenna (Ibn-Sina) on the Subject and the Object of Metaphysics with a list of translations of the logical and philosophical works and an annotated bibliography
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- Avicenna on In Our Time at the BBC. (listen now)
- Online Galleries, History of Science Collections, University of Oklahoma Libraries High resolution images of works by Avicenna in .jpg and .tiff format.
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Avicenna |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 980 |
| Place of birth | Afshana, near Bukhara (capital of Samanid Empire), in present day Uzbekistan |
| Date of death | 1037 |
| Place of death | Hamadan, Persia (Iran) |
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
