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- Aigues Mortes
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Aigues Mortes
Coordinates: 43°34′03″N 4°11′36″E / 43.5675°N 4.1933°E / 43.5675; 4.1933
Aigues-Mortes (Occitan: Aigas Mòrtas, i.e. "dead waters") is a commune in the Gard department in southern France.
The medieval city walls surrounding the city are well preserved.
The foundation of the city is attributed to Gaius Marius, around 102 BC, but the first document mentioning a place called "Ayga Mortas" (dead waters) dates from the 10th century AD.
Louis IX of France (Saint Louis) rebuilt the port in the 13th century as France's only Mediterranean port at that time. It was the embarkation point of the Seventh Crusade (1248) and the Eighth Crusade (1270).
The 1,650 meters of city walls were built in two phases: the first during the reign of Philippe III the Bold and the second during the reign of Philippe IV the Fair, who had the enclosure completed between 1289 and 1300. The Constance Tower, completed in 1248, is all that remains of the castle built in Louis IX's reign. It was designed to be impregnable with six-meter-thick walls. A spiral staircase leads to the different levels of the tower.
wn.com/Aigues_Mortes -
Ain
Ain (French pronunciation: [ɛ̃]; Arpitan: En) is a department named after the Ain River on the eastern edge of France. Being part of the region Rhône-Alpes and bordered by the rivers Saône and Rhône, the department of Ain enjoys a privileged geographic situation. It has an excellent transport network (TGV, highways) and benefits from the proximity to the international airports of Lyon and Geneva.
Ain is composed of four geographically different areas (Bresse, Dombes, Bugey and Pays de Gex) which – each with its own characteristics – contribute to the diversity and the dynamic economic development of the department. In the Bresse agriculture and agro-industry are dominated by the cultivation of cereals, cattle breeding, milk and cheese production as well as poultry farming. In the Dombes, pisciculture assumes greater importance as does viticulture in the Bugey. The high diversification of the department's industry is accompanied by a strong presence of the plastics sector in and around Oyonnax (so-called "Plastics Valley").
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Aisne
Aisne (French pronunciation: [ɛːn]) is a department in the northern part of France, named after a river.
Aisne is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It was created from parts of the former provinces of Île-de-France, Picardie, and Champagne.
Most of the old growth forests in the area were destroyed during battles in World War I. The French offensive against the Chemin des Dames in spring 1917 is sometimes referred to as the Second Battle of the Aisne.
Aisne borders the Ardennes Forest and Belgium to the northeast. The Aisne River crosses the area from east to west, where it joins the Oise River. The Marne forms part of the southern boundary of the department with the department of Seine-et-Marne. The southern part of the department is the geographical region known as la Brie poilleuse, a drier plateau known for its dairy products and Brie cheese.
The landscape is dominated by masses of rock which often have steep flanks. These rocks appear all over the region, but the most impressive examples are at Laon and the Chemin des Dames ridge.
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Allier
Allier (French pronunciation: [a.lje]; Occitan: Alèir) is a department in central France named after the river Allier.
Allier is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It was created from parts of the former provinces of Auvergne and Bourbonnais.
In 1940, the government of Marshal Philippe Pétain chose the town of Vichy as its capital. Vichy also became the department's second sub-prefecture in 1940, since the department now found itself split by the demarcation line between the occupied and (relatively, at least initially) free zones of France.
The department belongs to the region Auvergne and is surrounded by the following French departments: Cher, Nièvre, Saône-et-Loire, Loire, Puy-de-Dôme, and Creuse.
The following rivers run through Allier:
Allier is the most productive agricultural area of the Auvergne. Vichy has long been known for its water, which is exported worldwide.
Montluçon, Vichy, and Moulins are the principal cities. The rest of the department consists of smaller towns, mostly along the rivers. In general, the department is sparsely populated. The population increased until the end of the 19th century because of the growth of industry in Montluçon and Moulins and development of the thermal resources at Vichy. At that time the department had over 420,000 inhabitants. After the losses of World War I, the population stagnated, with a small increase in the 1960s. Since then, it has decreased slightly from 386,533 in 1968 to 344,721 in 1999.
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Alès
Coordinates: 44°07′41″N 4°04′54″E / 44.1281°N 4.0817°E / 44.1281; 4.0817
Alès (French pronunciation: [a.lɛs] ; Alès in Occitan) is a commune in the Gard department in the Languedoc-Roussillon region in southern France. It is one of the sub-prefectures of the department. It was formerly known as Alais.
Alès lies 40 km north-northwest of Nîmes, on the left bank of the Gardon River, which half surrounds it. It is located at the foot of the Cévennes, near the Cévennes National Park.
In the 16th century Alès was an important Huguenot centre. In 1629 the town was taken by Louis XIII, and by the Peace of Alais the Huguenots gave up their right to places de sûreté (garrison towns) and other privileges. A bishopric was established there in 1694 but suppressed in 1790.
Alès is the center of a mining district and hosts the École des mines d'Alès.
According to the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1911):
According to the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1911):
Alès was the birthplace of:
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Ardèche
Ardèche (French pronunciation: [aʁ.dɛʃ]; Occitan and Arpitan: Ardecha) is a department in south-central France named after the Ardèche River.
The area has been inhabited by humans at least since the Upper Paleolithic, as attested by the famous cave paintings at Chauvet Pont d'Arc. The plateau of the Ardeche River has extensive standing stones (dolmens and menhirs), erected thousands of years ago.[citation needed] The river is the largest natural canyon in Europe and the caves that dot the cliffs (which go as high as 300 m (1,000 feet) are known for signs of prehistoric inhabitants (arrowheads and flint knives are often found).
The Vivarais, as the Ardèche is still called, takes its name and coat-of-arms from Viviers, which was the capital of the Gaulish tribe of Helvii, part of Gallia Narbonensis, after the destruction of their previous capital at Alba-la-Romaine. Saint Andéol, a disciple of St Polycarp, is supposed to have evangelized the Vivarais during the reign of Emperor Septimius Severus, and was supposedly martyred in 208. (Legend tells of Andéol's burial by Amycia Eucheria Tullia.) Auxonius, in 430, transferred the see to Viviers as a result of the problems suffered at its previous site in Alba Augusta.
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Ariège
Ariège (French pronunciation: [aʁjɛʒ]; Occitan: Arièja) is a department in southwestern France named after the Ariège River.
Ariège is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It was created from the counties of Foix and Couserans.
Foix is the administrative capital of the Ariège. It is an ancient medieval town with a fortress Chateau de Foix perched on a hill overlooking it. The fortress has been attacked many times without capture, including an attempt by Simon de Montfort. It has also been used as a prison, and the names of English Prisoners of War can still be seen on the cell walls. Another famous chateau in the Ariège is Montségur, located on a rocky outcrop at a height of 1200 metres (3,900 ft). During the Albigensian Crusade and siege of 1244 AD the chateau was largely destroyed, with more than two hundred Cathar priests burnt at the stake as heretics. The chateau was gradually rebuilt by Royalists over a period of the next three hundred years.
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Aube
Aube (French pronunciation: [ob]) is a department in the northeastern part of France named after the Aube River. In 1995, its population was 293,100 inhabitants.
Aube is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It was created from part of the former province of Champagne.
The territory making up Aube was first attached to France in 843, following the Treaty of Verdun.
After the allied victory over Napoleon at Waterloo the department was occupied by Russian troops between June 1815 and November 1818.
In 1911, following the revolt of the Champagne producers, a series of major riots erupted in Aube. Dozens of serious injuries resulted.
In 1919, by a new decree, Aube wine producers were authorized to produce champagne.
Aube is perhaps best known for the 1932 visit of the late Turkish president Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, who signed a friendship treaty with France there on 4 July 1938.
The department is part of the current region of Champagne-Ardenne. It is surrounded by the departments of Marne, Haute-Marne, Côte-d'Or, Yonne, and Seine-et-Marne.
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Aude
Aude (French pronunciation: [od]; Occitan: Aude) is a department in south-central France named after the river Aude. The local council also calls the department "Cathar Country".
Aude is also a frequent feminine French given name in Francophone countries, deriving initially from Aude or Oda, a wife of Bertrand, Duke of Aquitaine, and mother of Saint Hubertus's brother Eudo. Aude was the name of Roland's fiancée in the chansons de gestes.
Human traces have been found in the department from 1,500,000 years BCE in the form of hammers and worked tools on the hill of Grazailles at Carcassonne. The most interesting discovery, however, is that of the skull of ‘Tautavel Man’ made by Henry de Lumley in the commune of Tautavel in the Pyrénées-Orientales. It is the oldest skull known in Europe. It dates from about 450,000 years BCE. It is likely that Tautavel Man lived in all of this region.
The Romans, led by the consul-general Domitius Ahenobarbus, installed themselves first of all at Narbonne in 118 BCE on the oppidum of Montlaurès, which became the provincial capital and a very active mercantile port. The position was strategically important since it stood at the cross roads of two Roman roads, the Via Aquitania and the Via Domitia, as well as by the sea and near the mouth of the River Aude. Carcassonne became Latin in 30 BCE with the creation of numerous grain farms. For almost two centuries, the Aude enjoyed peace and strong economic growth.
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Aveyron
Aveyron (French pronunciation: [avɛʁɔ̃]; Occitan: Avairon [avajˈɾu]) is a département in southern France named after the Aveyron River.
Aveyron is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790.
The first known historical inhabitants of the region were the Rutenii tribe, but the area was inhabited previously to this, boasting many prehistoric ruins.
During the medieval and early modern periods, and until the 1790s, the territory covered by Aveyron was a province known as Rouergue.
In 1817, a local prosecutor Antoine Bernardin Fualdès was assassinated. The sordid circumstances of his death, following which his body was found floating in the Aveyron River, led to the matter becoming publicised as a cause célèbre. Recent studies have indicated that he met his end on the initiative of a right wing royalist organisation known as the Chevaliers de la Foi (Knights of the Faith).
The department is part of the current Midi-Pyrénées region. It is surrounded by the départements of Tarn, Tarn-et-Garonne, Lot, Hérault, Gard, Lozère, and Cantal.
wn.com/Aveyron -
Calvados
The French department of Calvados (pronounced: [kal.va.dos]) is part of the region of Basse-Normandie in Normandy. It takes its name from a cluster of rocks off the English Channel coast. The pronunciation varies: in French the final 's' is not mute; in English usually Calvadoss with stress on the first syllable.
Calvados is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It was created from a part of the former province of Normandy. The name "Orne inférieure" was originally proposed for the department, but it was ultimately decided to call the area Calvados.
Its etymology is most likely derived from the Salvador, a ship from the Spanish Armada that sank by the rocks near Arromanches-les-bains in 1588. However, others insist that the name Calvados was derived from calva dorsa, meaning bare backs, in reference to two sparsely vegetated rocks off its shore.
After the allied victory at Waterloo the department was occupied by Prussian troops between June 1815 and November 1818.
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Cantal
Cantal (French pronunciation: [kɑ̃.tal]; Occitan: Cantal, Cantau, Chantal, Chantau) is a department in south-central France. It is named after the Cantal mountain range, a group of extinct, eroded volcanic peaks, which covers much of the department. Residents are known as Cantaliens or Cantalous.
Cantal is part of the current region of Auvergne. It borders the departments of Puy-de-Dôme, Haute-Loire, Aveyron, Lot, Lozère, and Corrèze. Its principal towns are Aurillac, Saint-Flour, and Mauriac. The highest point in Cantal is Le Plomb du Cantal at 1858 metres.
Cantal remains, with Lozère and Creuse, one of the most sparsely populated and geographically isolated French departments. Aurillac is the farthest removed departmental capital from a major motorway.
Cantal is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It was created from a part of the former province of Auvergne, called Haute-Auvergne.
The Occitan language was historically dominant in Cantal.
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Charente
Charente (French pronunciation: [ʃa.ʁɑ̃t], Saintongeais: Chérente, Occitan: Charanta) is a department in southwestern France, in the Poitou-Charentes region, named after the Charente River, the most important river in the department, and also the river beside which the department's two largest towns, Angoulême and Cognac, are sited.
Charente is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It was created from the former province of Angoumois, west and south of Saintonge.
Prior to the creation of the department, the area was not a natural unit, but much of it was commercially prosperous thanks to traditional industries such as salt and cognac production. Although the river became silted up and was unnavigable for much of the twentieth century, in the eighteenth century it provided important links with coastal shipping routes both for traditional businesses and for newly evolving ones such as paper goods and iron smelting.
The accelerating pace of industrial and commercial development during the first half of the nineteenth century led to a period of prosperity, and the department's population peaked in 1851. During the second half of the nineteenth century Charente, like many of France's rural departments, experienced a declining population as the economic prospects available in the cities and in France's overseas empire attracted the working age generations away. Economic ruin came to many in the Charentais wine industry with the arrival in 1872 of phylloxera.
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Corrèze
Corrèze (French pronunciation: [kɔ.ʁɛːz]; Occitan: Corresa) is a department in south central France, named after the Corrèze River.
The inhabitants of the department are called Corréziens or Corréziennes according to gender.
Corrèze is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It includes part of the former province of Limousin (the Bas-Limousin).
The 1851 census recorded a population of 320,866: this remained relatively constant for the rest of the nineteenth century. During the twentieth century, however, Corrèze shared the experience of many of the country's rural departments as the population fell steadily.
Within Corrèze the nineteenth-century railway planners, influenced in part by the department's topography, endowed Brive-la-Gaillarde with good connections and a major junction from which railway lines fanned out in six different directions. The railways arrived in 1860, at an opportune moment, directly after phylloxera had destroyed the local wine industry. The new railways enabled the farms in the area surrounding Brive to specialise in fruits and vegetables which they could now transport rapidly to the larger population centres of central and southern France. Locally, the new agriculture triggered the development, in the Brive basin, of related businesses and industries such as the manufacture of jams and liquors, as well as timber/paper-based packaging businesses.
wn.com/Corrèze -
Creuse
Creuse (French pronunciation: [kʁøz]; Occitan: Cruesa) is a department in central France named after the Creuse River.
Creuse is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It was created from the former province of La Marche.
The County of Marche (Occitan: la Marcha) was a medieval French county, approximately corresponding to the modern département of Creuse. Marche first appeared as a separate fief about the middle of the 10th century, when William III, Duke of Aquitaine, gave it to one of his vassals named Boso, who took the title of count. In the 12th century, the countship passed to the family of Lusignan. They also were sometimes counts of Angoulême and counts of Limousin. With the death of the childless Count Guy in 1308, his possessions in La Marche were seized by Philip IV of France. In 1316 the king made La Marche an appanage for his youngest son the Prince, afterwards Charles IV. Several years later in 1327, La Marche passed into the hands of the House of Bourbon. The family of Armagnac held it from 1435 to 1477, when it reverted to the Bourbons. In 1527 La Marche was seized by Francis I and became part of the domains of the French crown. It was divided into Haute Marche and Basse Marche, the estates of the former continuing until the 17th century. From 1470 until the Revolution, the province was under the jurisdiction of the parlement of Paris.
wn.com/Creuse -
Dordogne
Dordogne (French pronunciation: [dɔʁ.dɔɲ]; Occitan: Dordonha) is a départment in south-west France. The départment is located in the region of Aquitaine, between the Loire valley and the High Pyrénées named after the great Dordogne River that runs through it. It roughly corresponds with the ancient county of Périgord.
The county of Périgord dates back to when the area was inhabited by the Gauls, it was home to four tribes, the name for "four tribes" in the Gaulish language was "Petrocore". The area eventually became known as the county of Le Périgord and its inhabitants became known as the Périgordins (or Périgourdins). There are four Périgords in the Dordogne: the "Périgord Vert" (Green Périgord) with its main town of Nontron, consists of verdant valleys in a region crossed by many rivers and streams; the "Périgord Blanc" (White Périgord) situated around the department's capital of Périgueux, is a region of limestone plateaux, wide valleys and meadows; the "Périgord Pourpre" (Purple Périgord) with its capital of Bergerac, is a wine region; and the "Périgord Noir" (Black Périgord) surrounding the administrative center of Sarlat, overlooks the valleys of the Vézère and the Dordogne, where the woods of oak and pine give it its name.
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Doubs
Doubs (French pronunciation: [du]; Arpitan: Dubs) is a department the Franche-Comté region of eastern France named after the Doubs River.
As early as the 13th century, inhabitants of the northern two-thirds of Doubs spoke the Franc-Comtois language, a dialect of Langue d'Oïl. Residents of the southern third of Doubs spoke a dialect of the Arpitan language. Both languages co-existed with French, the official language of law and commerce, and continued to be spoken frequently in rural areas into the 20th century. They are both still spoken today but not on a daily basis.
Doubs was important as a portal to Switzerland through the pass at Joux. Many famous people, including Mirabeau, Toussaint Louverture and Heinrich von Kleist, were imprisoned in the Château de Joux.
Doubs is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It was created from part of the former province of Franche-Comté. The prefecture (capital) is Besançon.
In 1793, the republic of Mandeure was annexed by France and incorporated into the department. This district was passed between various territories and departments in the ensuing administrative reorganisations and wars, but was restored to Doubs in 1816 when the former principality of Montbéliard was also added to the department.
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Drôme
Drôme (French pronunciation: [dʁom]; Droma in Occitan, Drôma in Arpitan), a département in southeastern France, takes its name from the Drôme River.
St Vallier in Drôme, was the birthplace of one of France's most famous courtesans, the noble-born Diane de Poitiers (1499-1566), long-term mistress of King Henri II (1547-1559).
The French National Constituent Assembly set up Drôme as one of the original 83 departments of France on March 4, 1790, during the French Revolution. The territory formed part of the former French province of Dauphiné.
Drôme lies within the region of Rhône-Alpes (Rôno-Arpes) and is surrounded by the departments of Ardèche, Isère, Hautes-Alpes, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence and Vaucluse.
The boundaries of the department have changed several times with the incorporation of the Comtat Venaissin in 1792 and the creation of the department of Vaucluse in 1793. Drôme surrounds an enclave of the department of Vaucluse, the Canton of Valréas (Enclave des Papes).
The President of the General Council is Didier Guillaume of the Socialist Party.
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Essonne
Essonne (pronounced: [ɛ.sɔn]) is a French department in the region of Île-de-France. It is named after the Essonne River.
It was formed on 1 January 1968 when Seine-et-Oise was split into smaller departments.
The Essonne department was created on 1 January 1968, from the southern portion of the former department of Seine-et-Oise.
In June 1963 Carrefour S.A. opened the first hypermarket in the Paris region at Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois (although the word "hypermarche" was first used only in 1966). Based on the ideas put forward by the American logistics pioneer Bernardo Trujillo, the centre offered on a single 2,500 m2 (26,909.78 sq ft) site a hitherto unknown combination of wide choice and low prices, supported by 400 car parking spaces.
In 1969, the communes of Châteaufort and Toussus-le-Noble were separated from Essonne and added to the department of Yvelines.
Essonne belongs to the region of Île-de-France.
It has borders with the departments of:
All of northern Essonne department belongs to the Parisian agglomeration and is very urbanized. The south remains rural.
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Eure
Eure (French pronunciation: [œʁ]) is a department in the north of France named after the river Eure.
Eure is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It was created from part of the former province of Normandy.
After the allied victory at Waterloo, Eure was occupied by Prussian troops between June 1815 and November 1818.
In the wake of Louis-Napoléons December coup of 1851, Eure was one of the departments placed under a state of emergency in order to avert resistance to the post-republican régime. In the event fewer than 100 government opponents in Eure were arrested.
Eure is part of the current region of Haute-Normandie and is surrounded by the departments of Seine-Maritime, Oise, Val-d'Oise, Yvelines, Eure-et-Loir, Orne, and Calvados.
The department is a largely wooded plateau intersected by the valleys of the Seine River and its tributaries.
The altitude varies from sea level to 248 metres in the south.
The President of the General Council is Jean-Louis Destans of the Socialist Party.
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Finistère
Finistère (French pronunciation: [fi.nis.tɛʁ]; Breton: Penn-ar-Bed) is a département of France, in the extreme west of Brittany.
The name Finistère derives from the Latin Finis Terræ, meaning end of the earth, and may be compared with Land's End on the opposite side of the English Channel. The Breton name for Finistère Penn ar Bedd translates as Head/End of the World and is cognate with the Cornish equivalent for Land's End Pen-an-Wlas (Head/End of the country). Finistère is not to be confused with Finisterre in Spain.
The present department consists of the historical region of Léon and parts of Cornouaille and Trégor.
The largest population center in Finistère is Brest. Other large towns in the department include Quimper (the capital), Morlaix, Carhaix, and Douarnenez. Finistère includes the island of Ushant (Eusa in Breton, Ouessant in French).
Finistère is the westernmost region of France (excluding the overseas departments). By several criteria, Finistère can also claim to be the most coastal department in Metropolitan France. Of its 283 communes, 118 are located on the coast. Its total coastline of approximately 1,250 km (776.71 mi) accounts for almost a quarter of the entire French coast-line.
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France
France (English
i/ˈfræns/ FRANSS or /ˈfrɑːns/ FRAHNSS; French: [fʁɑ̃s] (
listen)), officially the French Republic (French: République française [ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz]), is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is often referred to as l’Hexagone ("The Hexagon") because of the geometric shape of its territory. It is the largest western European country and it possesses the second-largest exclusive economic zone in the world, covering 11,035,000 km2 (4,260,000 sq mi), just behind that of the United States (11,351,000 km2 / 4,383,000 sq mi).
Over the past 500 years, France has been a major power with strong cultural, economic, military and political influence in Europe and around the world. During the 17th and 18th centuries, France colonised great parts of North America and Southeast Asia; during the 19th and early 20th centuries, France built the second largest colonial empire of the time, including large portions of North, West and Central Africa, Southeast Asia, and many Caribbean and Pacific Islands.
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French Guiana
French Guiana (French: Guyane française; French pronunciation: [ɡɥijan fʁɑ̃sɛz]; officially just Guyane) is an overseas region of France, consisting of a single overseas department located on the northern Atlantic coast of South America. It has borders with two nations: Brazil to the east and south, and Suriname to the west. Its 83,534 km2 (32,253 sq mi) have a very low population density of less than 3 /km2 (7.8 /sq mi), with almost half of its 229,000 people in 2009 living in the urban area of Cayenne, its capital.
The addition of the adjective "French" in English comes from colonial times when five such colonies existed (The Guianas), namely from west to east: Spanish Guiana (now Guayana Region in Venezuela), British Guiana (now Guyana), Dutch Guiana (now Suriname), French Guiana, and Portuguese Guiana (now Amapá, a state in far northern Brazil). French Guiana and the two larger countries to the north and west, Guyana and Suriname, are still often collectively referred to as the Guianas and comprise one large shield landmass.
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Gard
Gard (French pronunciation: [ɡaʁ]; Occitan: Gard) is a département located in southern France in the Languedoc-Roussillon region.
The department is named after the River Gardon, and the Occitan name of the river has been replacing the French name of the department in recent decades, even among French speakers.
The Gard area was settled by the Romans in classical times. It was crossed by the Via Domitia, which was constructed in 118 BC.
Gard is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on March 4, 1790. It was created from the ancient province of Languedoc.
It was originally intended to include the canton of Ganges in the department which would have been geographically logical, but Ganges was transferred to the neighbouring department of Hérault at the outset. In return, Gard received from Hérault the fishing port of Aigues Mortes which gave the department its own outlet to the Gulf of Lion.
During the middle of the nineteenth century the prefecture, traditionally a centre of commerce with a manufacturing sector focused on textiles, was an early beneficiary of railway development, becoming an important railway junction. Several luxurious hotels were built, and the improved market access provided by the railways also encouraged, initially, a rapid growth in wine growing: however, many of the department's viticulturalists were ruined by the arrival in 1872 of phylloxera.
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Gers
The Gers (French: le Gers, Gascon: Gers, pronounced: [ʒɛʁs] or [ʒɛʁ]) is a department in the Midi-Pyrénées region in the southwest of France named after the Gers River.
Inhabitants are called les Gersois or Gersoises.
In the Middle Ages, the Lordship of L'Isle-Jourdain was nearby.
The Gers is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on March 4, 1790. It was created from parts of the former provinces of Guyenne and Gascony.
In 1808 it lost Lavit on its the north-eastern side to the newly created department of Tarn-et-Garonne.
The culture is largely agricultural, with great emphasis on the local gastronomical specialties such as:
Also, some prominent cultivated crops are corn, colza, sunflowers and grain.
The Gascon language is a dialect of Occitan, but it is not widely spoken.The department is characterised by sleepy bastide villages and rolling hills with the Pyrenees visible to the south.
Alexandre Dumas, père created the famous Gersois d'Artagnan, the fourth musketeer of The Three Musketeers. A museum to d'Artagnan is found in the Gersois village of Lupiac.
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Gironde
For the Revolutionary party, see Girondists.
Gironde (French pronunciation: [ʒiʁɔ̃d]; in Gascon Gironda) is a common name for the Gironde estuary, where the mouths of the Garonne and Dordogne rivers merge, and for a department in the Aquitaine region situated in southwest France. The Bordeaux wine region is in the Gironde.
Gironde is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It was created from parts of the former provinces of Guyenne and Gascogne.
From 1793 to 1795, the department's name was changed to Bec-d'Ambès to avoid the association with the revolutionary party, the Girondists.
Gironde is part of the current region of Aquitaine and is surrounded by the departments of Landes, Lot-et-Garonne, Dordogne and Charente-Maritime and the Atlantic Ocean on the west. With an area of 10,000 km², Gironde is the largest department in metropolitan France. If overseas departments are included, however, Gironde's land area is dwarfed by the 83,846 km² of Guyane.
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Guadeloupe
Coordinates: 16°15′N 61°35′W / 16.25°N 61.583°W / 16.25; -61.583
Guadeloupe (
/ɡwɑːdəˈluːp/; French pronunciation: [ɡwadəlup]; Antillean Creole: Gwadloup) is a Caribbean island located in the Leeward Islands, in the Lesser Antilles, with a land area of 1,628 square kilometres (629 sq. mi) and a population of 400,000. It is an overseas region of France, consisting of a single overseas department. Its departmental code is "971". As the other overseas departments, Guadeloupe is also an integral part of the Republic. Besides Guadeloupe island, the smaller islands of Marie-Galante, La Désirade, and the Îles des Saintes are included in Guadeloupe.
As part of France, Guadeloupe is part of the European Union and the Eurozone; hence, as for all Eurozone countries, its currency is the euro. However, Guadeloupe is not part of the Schengen Area. The prefecture and the capital of Guadeloupe is Basse-Terre. Christopher Columbus named the island Santa María de Guadalupe in 1493 after the Virgin Mary, venerated in the Spanish town of Guadalupe, in Extremadura.
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Gulf of Lion
The Gulf of Lion (French: golfe du Lion, Spanish: golfo de León, Occitan: golf del/dau Leon, Catalan: golf del Lleó, Medieval Latin: sinus Leonis, mare Leonis, Classical Latin: sinus Gallicus) is a wide embayment of the Mediterranean coastline of Languedoc-Roussillon and Provence in France, reaching from the border with Catalonia in the west to Toulon.
The chief port on the gulf is Marseille. Toulon is another important port. The fishing industry in the gulf is based on hake (Merluccius merluccius), being bottom-trawled, long-lined and gill-netted and currently declining from over-fishing.
Rivers that empty into the gulf include the Tech, Têt, Aude, Orb, Hérault, Vidourle, and the Rhône.
The continental shelf is exposed here as a wide coastal plain, and the offshore terrain slopes rapidly to the Mediterranean's abyssal plain. Much of the coastline is composed of lagoons and salt marsh.
This is the area of the famous cold, blustery winds called the Mistral and the Tramontane.
The current name of the Gulf appeared at least during the 13th century (in medieval Latin sinus Leonis, mare Leonis) and could come from comparison with a lion: it would simply suggest that this part of the sea is as dangerous as a lion because it has very violent, surprising winds that threaten boats (sailors and fishermen know these dangers very well). This comparison with a lion is suggested by various converging sources: Deroy and Mulon's dictionary of French place names, Mistral's comprehensive Occitan dictionary, Diderot and D'Alembert's famous French encyclopedia and several texts in Latin since the 13th century.
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Hérault
Hérault (French pronunciation: [eʁo]; Occitan: Erau) is a department in the south of France named after the Hérault river.
Hérault is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It was created from part of the former province of Languedoc.
At the beginning of the 20th century, viticulture in the region was devastated by a slump in sales combined with disease affecting the vines, and thousands of small scale producers revolted. This revolt was suppressed very harshly by the government of Georges Clemenceau.
The catastrophic frost of the winter of 1956 damaged the olive trees, and the olive-growing regions did not recover until the late 1980s. Many of the olive-industry co-ops closed.
During the second half of the twentieth century the Montpellier basin underwent one of the most rapid population increases experienced anywhere in France.
Hérault is part of the current region of Languedoc-Roussillon and is surrounded by the departments of Aude, Tarn, Aveyron, Gard, and the Mediterranean (Gulf of Lion) on the south.
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Indre
Indre (French pronunciation: [ɛ̃dʁ]) is a department in the center of France named after the river Indre. The inhabitants of the department are called Indriens.
Indre is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on March 4, 1790. It was created from part of the former province of Berry.
Indre is part of the current region of Centre (Val de Loire) and is surrounded by the departments of Indre-et-Loire, Loir-et-Cher, Cher, Creuse, Vienne, and Haute-Vienne.
The President of the General Council is Louis Pinton of the Union for a Popular Movement.
The Indre has two villages classified among the most beautiful villages of France: Saint-Benoît-du-Sault and Gargilesse-Dampierre.
Media related to Indre (department) at Wikimedia Commons
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Isère
Isère (pronounced: [izɛːʁ]; Arpitan: Isera, Occitan: Isèra) is a department in the Rhône-Alpes (Rôno-Arpes in Arpitan) region in the east of France named after the river Isère.
Isère is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on March 4, 1790. It was created from part of the former province of Dauphiné. Its area has been reduced twice, in 1852 and again in 1967, on both occasions losing territory to the department of Rhône.
In 1852 in response to rapid urban development round the edge of Lyon, the (hitherto Isère) communes of Bron, Vaulx-en-Velin, Vénissieux and Villeurbanne were transferred to Rhône. In 1967 the redrawing of local government frontiers led to the creation of the Urban Community of Lyon (more recently known simply as Greater Lyon / Grand Lyon). At that time intercommunal groupings of this nature were not permitted to straddle departmental frontiers, and accordingly 23 more Isère communes (along with 6 communes from Ain) found themselves transferred to Rhône. The affected Isère communes were Chaponnay, Chassieu, Communay, Corbas, Décines-Charpieu, Feyzin, Genas, Jonage, Jons, Marennes, Meyzieu, Mions, Pusignan, Saint-Bonnet-de-Mure, Saint-Laurent-de-Mure, Saint-Pierre-de-Chandieu, Saint-Priest, Saint-Symphorien-d'Ozon, Sérézin-du-Rhône, Simandres, Solaize, Ternay and Toussieu.
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Languedoc
Languedoc (/ˌlɒŋɡəˈdɒk/; French: [lɑ̃ɡdɔk]; Occitan: Lengadòc [ˌleŋɡɔˈðɔ]) is a former province of France, now continued in the modern-day régions of Languedoc-Roussillon and Midi-Pyrénées in the south of France, and whose capital city was Toulouse, now in Midi-Pyrénées. It had an area of approximately 42,700 km² (16,490 sq. miles).
The traditional provinces of the kingdom of France were not formally defined. A province was simply a territory of common traditions and customs, but it had no political organization. Today, when people refer to the old provinces of France, they actually refer to the gouvernements as they existed in 1789. Gouvernements were military regions established in the middle of the 16th century and whose territories closely matched those of the traditional provinces. However, in some cases, small provinces had been merged with a large one into a single gouvernement, so gouvernements are not exactly the same as the traditional provinces.
Historically, the region was called the county of Toulouse, a county independent from the kings of France. The county of Toulouse was made up of what would later be called Languedoc, but it also included the province of Quercy (now département of Lot and northern half of the département of Tarn-et-Garonne) and the province of Rouergue (now département of Aveyron), both to the northwest of Languedoc. At some times it even included the province of Agenais (now eastern half of the département of Lot-et-Garonne) to the west of Languedoc, the province of Gévaudan (now département of Lozère), the province of Velay (now the central and eastern part of the département of Haute-Loire), the southern part of the province of Vivarais (now the southern part of the département of Ardèche), and even all the northern half of Provence. After the French conquest the entire county was dismantled, the central part of it being now called Languedoc.
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Loiret
Loiret (French pronunciation: [lwaʁɛ]) is a department in north-central France
The department is named after the river Loiret, a tributary of the Loire. The Loiret is located wholly within the department.
Loiret is one of the original 83 departments that was created during the French Revolution on March 4, 1790. It was created from the former province of Orléanais.
Loiret is part of the current region of Centre and is surrounded by the departments of Essonne, Seine-et-Marne, Yonne, Nièvre, Cher, Loir-et-Cher, and Eure-et-Loir.
Orléans is a popular tourist destination, with its cathedral of Ste. Croix.
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Lozère
Lozère (French pronunciation: [lɔzɛʁ]; Occitan: Losera), is a department in southeast France near the Massif Central, named after Mont Lozère.
Lozère is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on March 4, 1790. It was created from part of the former province of Languedoc.
The Beast of Gévaudan was a creature that terrorized the general area of the former province of Gévaudan, with nearly identical borders to today's Lozère, in the Margeride Mountains, in the general timeframe of 1764 to 1767.
Pliny's Natural History praised the cheese of Lozère:
The geography of Lozère is complicated, covering four mountain ranges. In the north-west, the basalt plateau of Aubrac rises between 1,000 and 1,450m, with a cold humid climate influenced by the Atlantic. The north and north-east of the department contains the Margeride mountains, which are formed of granite, and have peaks between 1,000 and 1,550m. The climate here is also cold, but dryer than Aubrac, with less snow.
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Manche
Manche (French pronunciation: [mɑ̃ʃ]) is a French department in Normandy named after La Manche ("the sleeve"), which is the French name for the English Channel.
Manche is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on March 4, 1790. It was created from part of the province of Normandie.
The first capital was Coutances until 1796, and it resumed that role after World War II because of the almost complete destruction of Saint-Lô during the D-Day invasion of Normandy. When Saint-Lô was rebuilt, it again became the capital.
The Department includes the Cotentin Peninsula down to the famous Mont St Michel; though not the off-shore Îles Anglo-Normandes, which are British Crown Dependencies. These islands are a wonderful example of when Normandy invaded England and vice-versa, and oaths of allegiance to new kings got mixed up. Other reefs and not quite islands such as the Minquiers are technically British, though they are annually contested in good fun by French and Channel Island fishermen. The coast is fantastic for sailing and boating though the unusually fast tidal races require a certain yachting skill to navigate safely.
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Marne
Marne (French pronunciation: [maʁn]) is a department in north-eastern France named after the river Marne (Matrona in Roman times) which flows through the department. The prefecture (capital) of Marne is Châlons-en-Champagne (formerly known as Châlons-sur-Marne). The subprefectures are Épernay, Reims, Sainte-Menehould, and Vitry-le-François.
The Champagne vineyards producing the world-famous sparkling wine are located within Marne.
Marne is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on March 4, 1790. It was created from the province of Champagne.
Marne has a long association with the French Army. The training ground of the Camp Militaire de Mailly straddles the border with the département of Aube in the south while that of the Camp de Mourmelon occupies a large area north of Châlons-en-Champagne. The smaller Camp de Moronvilliers lies to the east of Reims and the Camp Militaire de Suippes lies to the east of that. These are all on the chalk of the Champagne plateau, a feature comparable in geology but not size, with the British military training ground on Salisbury Plain.
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Martinique
Martinique (French pronunciation: [maʁtinik]) is an island in the Lesser Antilles in the eastern Caribbean Sea, with a land area of 1,128 km2 (436 sq mi). Like Guadeloupe, it is an overseas region of France, consisting of a single overseas department. To the northwest lies Dominica, to the south St Lucia, and to the southeast Barbados. As with the other overseas departments, Martinique is one of the twenty-seven regions of France (being an overseas region) and an integral part of the Republic. The first European to encounter the island was Christopher Columbus in 1502.
As part of France, Martinique is part of the European Union, and its currency is the Euro. Its official language is French, although many of its inhabitants also speak Antillean Creole (Créole Martiniquais).
The island was occupied first by Arawaks, then by Caribs. It was charted by Columbus in 1493, but Spain had little interest in the territory. It was claimed by France in 1635 and, despite several interludes of British occupation, once during the Seven Years' War and twice during the Napoleonic Wars, has remained a French possession. In 1946, the French National Assembly voted unanimously to transform the colony into an overseas department.
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Mayenne
Mayenne (French pronunciation: [majɛn]) is a department in northwest France named after the Mayenne River.
Mayenne is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on March 4, 1790. The northern two thirds correspond to the western part of the former province of Maine. The southern third of Mayenne corresponds to the northern portion of the old province of Anjou.
After the Coalition's victory at Waterloo, between June 1815 and November 1818, Mayenne was occupied by Prussian troops.
Mayenne is part of the current region of Pays de la Loire and is surrounded by the departments of Manche, Orne, Sarthe, Maine-et-Loire, and Ille-et-Vilaine.
The inhabitants of the department are called Mayennais. This demonym is not the source of the word mayonnaise.
The town is featured as a level in the World War II video game Call of Duty 3.
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Mayotte
Mayotte (French: Mayotte, pronounced: [majɔt]; Shimaore: Maore, IPA: [maˈore]; Malagasy: Mahori) is an overseas department and region of France consisting of a main island, Grande-Terre (or Mahoré), a smaller island, Petite-Terre (or Pamanzi), and several islets around these two. The archipelago is located in the northern Mozambique Channel in the Indian Ocean, namely between northwestern Madagascar and northeastern Mozambique. Mayotte's area is 374 square kilometres (144 sq mi), and with its estimated 194,000 people is very densely populated (520 /km2 or 1,300 /sq mi). Its biggest city and prefecture is Mamoudzou. The territory is geographically part of the Comoro Islands, but has been politically separate since a 1974 referendum in which it elected to remain under French rule. The territory is also known as Mahoré, the native name of its main island, especially by advocates of its inclusion in the Union of Comoros. In a 2009 referendum, the population overwhelmingly approved accession to status of department (95.2% voted in favour of departmental status). On March 31, 2011, Mayotte became an overseas department.
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Meuse
Meuse (French pronunciation: [møz]) is a department in northeast France, named after the River Meuse.
Meuse is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on March 4, 1790. It was created from the former provinces of Barrois (area of Bar-le-Duc) and Three Bishoprics (area of Verdun).
The department was one of the great battlefields of World War I; an important battle was fought in 1916 at Verdun.
Meuse is part of the current region of Lorraine and is surrounded by the French departments of Ardennes, Marne, Haute-Marne, Vosges, Meurthe-et-Moselle, and Belgium on the north. Parts of Meuse belong to Parc naturel régional de Lorraine.
The important rivers are the following:
The population has decreased sharply since the 19th century, with the rural exodus to the cities.
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Morbihan
Morbihan (French pronunciation: [mɔʁbi.ɑ̃]; Breton: Mor-Bihan) is a department in Brittany, situated in the northwest of France. It is named after the Morbihan (small sea in Breton), the enclosed sea that is the principal feature of the coastline. It is famous for the Carnac stones, which are more extensive and predates the more familiar Stonehenge.
Morbihan is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on March 4, 1790. It was created from a part of the Duchy of Brittany. It is the only French department which has no French name; the word Morbihan is Breton. It is also the only department in France which has kept its original name.
Morbihan is part of the current region of Brittany and is surrounded by the departments of Finistère, Côtes-d'Armor, Ille-et-Vilaine, and Loire-Atlantique, and the Atlantic Ocean on the southwest.
The Gulf of Morbihan has many islands: 365 according to legend, but, in reality, between 30 and 40, according to how they are counted. There are also many islets which are too small to be built on. Of these islands, all but two are private: l'Île aux Moines and l'Île D'Arz. The others are privately owned, some by movie stars or fashion designers.
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Moselle
Moselle (French pronunciation: [mɔ.zɛl]) is a department in the east of France named after the river Moselle.
Moselle is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on March 4, 1790. It was created from the former province of Lorraine.
In 1793, the foreign enclaves of Manderen, Lixing-lès-Rouhling, Momerstroff, and Créhange (Kriechingen), all possessions of princes of the German Holy Roman Empire, were annexed by France and incorporated into the Moselle département.
By the Treaty of Paris of 1814 following the first defeat and abdication of Napoleon, France had to surrender almost all its conquests since 1792. On the northeastern border, France was not restored to its 1792 borders, but a new border was established to put an end to the convoluted nature of the border, with all its enclaves and exclaves. As a result, the French exclave of Tholey (now in Saarland, Germany) as well as a few communes near Sierck-les-Bains (both territories until then part of the Moselle département) were ceded to Austria. On the other hand, the French annexations of 1793 were confirmed, and furthermore, the south of the Napoleonic département of Sarre was ceded to France, including the town of Lebach, the city of Saarbrücken, and the rich coal basin nearby. France was thus a net beneficiary of the Treaty of Paris, all the new territories ceded to her being far larger and more strategic than the few territories ceded to Austria. All these new territories were incorporated into the Moselle department, and so Moselle had now a larger territory than ever since 1790.
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Nièvre
Nièvre (IPA: [njɛvʁ]) is a department in the centre of France named after the Nièvre River.
Nièvre is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on March 4, 1790. It was created from the former province of Nivernais.
Nièvre is part of the current region of Burgundy, although historically it was not part of the province of Burgundy, and it is surrounded by the departments of Yonne, Côte-d'Or, Saône-et-Loire, Allier, Cher, and Loiret. The département is crossed by the Loire river, the longest river in France.
Nièvre is a rural department with about 50 inhabitants / km². The main cities are : Nevers, Cosne-sur-Loire, Varennes-Vauzelles, Marzy, Decize, Imphy and La Charité. Only three cities reach 10 000 inhabitants. It indicates the characteristic of the département, which is predominantly rural.
Nièvre is also well known for its white wine, Pouilly Fumé. The vineyards are scattered around villages including Pouilly-Sur-Loire, which lends its name to the appellation, Tracy sur Loire, Boisgibault, Saint Andelain. The word fumé is French for "smoky", and it's said the name comes from the smoky or flinty quality of these wines. The only grape allowed in the Pouilly-Fumé AC is Sauvignon Blanc, which produces wines that are generally crisp, tart, and somewhat grassy.
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Nîmes
Coordinates: 43°50′16″N 4°21′39″E / 43.8378°N 4.3608°E / 43.8378; 4.3608
Nîmes (/niːm/; French: [nim]; Provençal Occitan: Nimes) is the capital of the Gard department in the Languedoc-Roussillon region in southern France. Nîmes has a rich history, dating back to the Roman Empire, and is a popular tourist destination.
The city derives its name from that of a spring in the Roman village. The contemporary coat of arms of the city of Nîmes includes a crocodile chained to a palm tree with the inscription COLNEM, for Colonia Nemausus, meaning the "colony" or "settlement" of Nemausus, the local Celtic god of the Volcae Arecomici. Veterans of the Roman legions who had served Julius Caesar in his Nile campaigns, at the end of fifteen years of soldiering, were given plots of land to cultivate on the plain of Nîmes.
The city was located on the Via Domitia, a Roman road constructed in 118 BC which connected Italy to Spain.
The site on which the built-up area of Nîmes has become established in the course of centuries is part of the edge of the alluvial plain of the Vistrenque River which butts up against low hills: to the northeast, Mont Duplan; to the southwest, Montaury; to the west, Mt. Cavalier and the knoll of Canteduc.
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Oise
Oise (French pronunciation: [waz]) is a department in the north of France. It is named after the river Oise.
Oise is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on March 4, 1790. It was created from part of the province of Île-de-France and Picardy.
After the coalition victory at Waterloo, the department was occupied by British troops between June 1815 and November 1818.
Oise is part of the current region of Picardie and is situated 35 km north of Paris. It is surrounded by the departments of Somme, Aisne, Seine-et-Marne, Val-d'Oise, Eure, and Seine-Maritime.
Natives of the department are called Isariens.
The major tourist attraction of the department is the Parc Astérix, which opened in 1989. Another very interesting site is Beauvais Cathedral. Also to be seen is the Chateau de Pierrefonds, restored by Viollet-le-Duc.
Oise is twinned with Bedfordshire. One of the villages along the river Oise is Auvers-sur-Oise, famous for having been visited by several impressionist artists. This is where Vincent Van Gogh spent his last 70 days and it is his and his brother Theo's resting place.
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Orne
Orne (French pronunciation: [ɔʁn]) is a department in the northwest of France, named after the river Orne.
Orne is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution, on March 4, 1790. It was created from parts of the former provinces of Normandy and Perche.
Orne is in the region of Basse-Normandie neighbouring Eure, Eure-et-Loir, Sarthe, Mayenne, and Calvados. It is the only department of Basse Normandie and Haute Normandie to be landlocked.
The largest town by a considerable margin is the prefecture, Alençon which is an administrative and commercial centre for what is still an overwhelmingly rural department. There are no large industrial centres: agriculture remains the economic focus of Orne.
The inhabitants of the department are called Ornais.
The recorded population level peaked at 443,688 in 1836. Declining farm incomes and the lure of better prospects in the overseas empire led to a sustained reduction in population levels in many rural departments, and by the time of the 1936 census the recorded population stood at just 269,331. Once motor car ownership started to surge in the 1960s employment opportunities became less restricted and by 2008 the population level had recovered a little to 292,282.
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Paris
Coordinates: 48°51′24″N 2°21′03″E / 48.8567°N 2.3508°E / 48.8567; 2.3508
Paris (i/ˈpærɨs/; French: [paʁi] ( listen)) is the capital and largest city of France. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region (or Paris Region, French: Région parisienne). As of January 2008 the city of Paris, within its administrative limits (the 20 arrondissements) largely unchanged since 1860, has an estimated population of 2,211,297 and a metropolitan population of 12,089,098, and is one of the most populated metropolitan areas in Europe. Paris was the largest city in the Western world for about 1,000 years, prior to the 19th century, and the largest in the entire world between the 16th and 19th centuries.
Paris is today one of the world's leading business and cultural centres, and its influences in politics, education, entertainment, media, fashion, science, and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the world's major global cities. It hosts the headquarters of many international organizations such as UNESCO, the OECD, the International Chamber of Commerce or the European Space Agency. Paris is considered one of the greenest and most liveable cities in Europe. It is also one of the most expensive.
wn.com/Paris -
Réunion
Réunion (French: La Réunion, IPA: [la 'ʁeynjɔ̃] ( listen); previously Île Bourbon) is a French island with a population of about 800,000 located in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar, about 200 kilometres (120 mi) south west of Mauritius, the nearest island.
Administratively, Réunion is one of the overseas departments of France. Like the other overseas departments, Réunion is also one of the 27 regions of France (being an overseas region) and an integral part of the Republic with the same status as those situated on the European mainland.
Réunion is an outermost region of the European Union and, as an overseas department of France, is part of the Eurozone.
Before the arrival of the Portuguese in the early sixteenth century, there is little to Réunion's recorded history. Arab traders were familiar with it by the name Dina Morgabin,. The island possibly features on a map from 1153 AD by Al Sharif el-Edrisi. The island may also have been visited by Swahili or Malay sailors.
The first European discovery of the area was made around 1507 by Portuguese explorers, but the specifics are unclear. The uninhabited island may have been first sighted by the expedition led by Don Pedro Mascarenhas, who gave his name to the island group around Réunion, the Mascarenes. Réunion itself was dubbed Santa Apolonia after a favorite saint, which suggests that the date of the Portuguese discovery may have been February 9, her saint day. Diego Lopes de Sequeira is claimed to have landed on the island in 1509.
wn.com/Réunion -
Sarthe
Sarthe (French pronunciation: [saʁt]) is a French department, named after the Sarthe River.
The department was created during the French Revolution on March 4, 1790, pursuant to the law of December 22, 1789, starting from a part of the province of Maine which was divided into two departments, Sarthe to the east and Mayenne to the west.
In Roman Times, this province contained the city of Mans, and many of its ruins are still left standing. The Thermal Bathhouse attracts many tourists, as does the Theater of Aubigné-Racan, both located on the outskirts of Anjou, Maine, and Touraine.
Marin Mersenne, perhaps the most important scientific figure in the early 1600s, was born in the vicinity of Sarthe.
The department of Sarthe is at the north end of the administrative region of Pays-de-la-Loire. This places it south of Basse-Normandie and on the south edge of the Armorican Massif. It is bordered by the departments of Orne, Eure-et-Loir, Loir-et-Cher, Indre-et-Loire, Maine-et-Loire and Mayenne.
Approximately 300,000 people, comprising more than half of the department's population, live in Le Mans, its conurbation or the essentially urban communes close by. The rest of the department retains its rural character, however, being dominated economically by agriculture.
wn.com/Sarthe -
Savoie
Savoie (pronounced: [sa.vwa]; Arpitan: Savouè d’Avâl, Italian: Savoia, pronounced [saˈvɔja], English: Savoy, /səˈvɔɪ/) is a French department located in the Rhône-Alpes region in the French Alps.
Together with the Haute-Savoie, Savoie is one of the two departments of the historic region of Savoy that was annexed by France on June 14, 1860, following the signature of the Treaty of Turin on March 24, 1860. For history before 1860, details of the annexation, and modern regionalism, see Savoy.
It is widely accepted that Savoie takes its name from the Latin Sapaudia or Sabaudia, meaning land covered in fir trees.
Savoie was long part of the states of Savoy, though it was occupied many times by France starting in the 16th century. It was integrated into the Mont-Blanc department from 1792 to 1815 (and partially into the Léman department from 1798 to 1814). The province was annexed by France in 1860. The former Duchy of Savoy became the two departments of Savoie and Haute-Savoie.
Moûtiers, capital of the former province of Tarentaise Valley (French: Vallée de la Tarentaise) ceased to be the county seat after a law passed on September 10, 1926.
wn.com/Savoie -
Somme
Somme (French pronunciation: [sɔm]) is a department of France, located in the north of the country and named after the Somme river. It is part of the Picardy region of France.
The north central area of the Somme département was the site of a series of battles through the Great War. Particularly significant was the 1916 Battle of the Somme. As a result of this and other battles fought in the area the department is home to many military cemeteries and several major monuments commemorating the many soldiers from various countries who died on its battlefields.
At the beginning of the First World War, during the September 1914 Race to the Sea, the Somme became the site of the Battle of Albert. The battle was a five day engagement between the 25th and 29 September, with the French Tenth Army attacking at Albert and pushing toward Bapaume, and the German Sixth Army counter-attacking back towards Albert. The line settled around the town of Thiepval and remained there until July 1916, when the Battle of the Somme would be fought on and around the same ground.
wn.com/Somme -
Vaucluse
The Vaucluse (French pronunciation: [vokˈlyz]; Occitan: Vauclusa in classical norm or Vau-Cluso in Mistralian norm) is a department in the southeast of France, named after the famous spring, the Fontaine-de-Vaucluse.
Vaucluse was created on 12 August 1793 out of parts of the departments of Bouches-du-Rhône, Drôme, and Basses-Alpes (later renamed Alpes-de-Haute-Provence). The then rural department was, like the nearby city of Lyon, a hotbed of the French Resistance in World War II.
Vaucluse is bordered by the Rhône to the west and the River Durance to the south. Mountains occupy a significant proportion of the eastern half of the department, with Mont Ventoux (1,912 m), also known as "the Giant of Provence", dominating the landscape. Other important mountain ranges include the Dentelles de Montmirail, the Monts de Vaucluse, and the Luberon. Fruit and vegetables are cultivated in great quantities in the lower-lying parts of the department, on one of the most fertile plains in southern France. The Vaucluse département has a rather large exclave within the Drôme department, the canton of Valréas (Enclave des Papes).
wn.com/Vaucluse -
Vendée
The Vendée (French pronunciation: [vɑ̃.de]) is a department in the Pays-de-la-Loire region in west central France, on the Atlantic Ocean. The name Vendée is taken from the Vendée river which runs through the south-eastern part of the department.
The area today called the Vendée was originally known as the Bas-Poitou and is part of the former province of Poitou. In the south-east corner, the village of Nieul-sur-l'Autise is believed to be the birthplace of Eleanor of Aquitaine (1122–1204) and was part of her kingdom. Eleanor's son, Richard I of England (the Lionheart) often had his base in Talmont. The Hundred Years' War (1337–1453) turned much of the Vendée into a battleground.
Since the Vendée held a considerable number of influential Protestants, including control by Jeanne d'Albret, the region was greatly affected by the French Wars of Religion which broke out in 1562 and continued until 1598. Eventually King Henri IV issued the Edict of Nantes and the Wars came to an end. The revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685 caused many Huguenots to flee from the Vendée.
wn.com/Vendée -
Vergèze
Coordinates: 43°44′39″N 4°13′15″E / 43.7442°N 4.2208°E / 43.7442; 4.2208
Vergèze is a commune in the Gard department in southern France.
Located just south-east of the commune is the production facility for Perrier, a carbonated mineral water widely sold both in France and internationally.
wn.com/Vergèze -
Vienne
Vienne (French pronunciation: [vjɛn]) is the northernmost département of the Poitou-Charentes region of France, named after the river Vienne.
Vienne is one of the original 83 departments, established on March 4, 1790 during the French Revolution. It was created from parts of the former provinces of Poitou, Touraine, and Berry. The original Acadians who settled in Nova Scotia and what is today other maritime provinces of Canada, left Vienne for North America after 1604.
Goat cheese making is an important industry of Vienne.
The most famous tourist sites include the Futuroscope theme park, Poitiers (city of Art and History), the Abbey Church of Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe, a UNESCO world heritage site, the animal parks of Monkey's Valley in Romagne & the Crocodile Planet in Civaux.
wn.com/Vienne -
Vosges
Vosges (French pronunciation: [voʒ]) is a French department, named after the local mountain range. It contains the hometown of Joan of Arc, Domrémy.
The Vosges department is one of the original 83 departments of France, created on February 9, 1790 during the French Revolution. It was made of territories that had been part of the province of Lorraine. In German it is referred to as Vogesen.
In 1793 the independent principality of Salm-Salm (town of Senones and its surroundings), enclosed inside the Vosges department, was annexed to France and incorporated into Vosges. In 1795 the area of Schirmeck was detached from the Bas-Rhin department and incorporated into the Vosges department. The Vosges department had now an area of 6,127 km² (2,366 sq. miles) which it kept until 1871.
In 1794 the Vosges was the site of a major battle between the forces of Revolutionary France and the Allied Coalition. See Battle of the Vosges.
The Place des Vosges in Paris was so renamed in 1799 when the department became the first to pay the new Revolutionary taxes.
wn.com/Vosges -
Yonne
Yonne (French pronunciation: [jɔn]) is a French department named after the Yonne River. It is one of the four constituent departments of Burgundy in eastern France and its prefecture (capital) is Auxerre. Its official number is 89.
It elects three members of parliament to the National Assembly - in the 2002-7 parliamentary term, all three are drawn from the right-wing Union for a Popular Movement (UMP). Its two senators also represent the UMP.
wn.com/Yonne -
Yvelines
Yvelines (French pronunciation: [ivlin]) is a French department in the region of Île-de-France.
Yvelines was created from the western part of the defunct department of Seine-et-Oise on 1 January 1968 in accordance with a law passed on 10 January 1964 and a décret d'application (a decree specifying how a law should be enforced) from 26 February 1965.
It gained the communes of Châteaufort and Toussus-le-Noble from the adjacent department of Essonne in 1969.
The departmental capital, Versailles, which grew up around Louis XIV's château, was also the French capital for more than a century under the Ancien Régime and again between 1871 and 1879 during the early years of the Third Republic. Since then the château has continued to welcome the parlement when called upon to sit in a congressional sitting, jointly with the upper house in order to enact constitutional changes or, as happened most recently in June 2009, to listen to a formal declaration by the president.
Yvelines is bordered by the departments of Val-d'Oise on the north, Hauts-de-Seine on the east, Essonne on the southeast, Eure-et-Loir on the southwest, and Eure on the west.
wn.com/Yvelines
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François Hollande
François Gérard Georges Nicolas Hollande (French pronunciation: [fʁɑ̃swa ɔlɑ̃d]; born 12 August 1954) is the 24th President of the French Republic and ex officio Co-Prince of Andorra. He previously served as the First Secretary of the French Socialist Party from 1997 to 2008 and as a Deputy of the National Assembly of France for Corrèze's 1st Constituency from 1988 to 1993 and then again from 1997 to 2012. He also served as the Mayor of Tulle from 2001 to 2008 and the President of the General Council of Corrèze from 2008 to 2012.
He was elected President of France on 6 May 2012, defeating the incumbent Nicolas Sarkozy, and was inaugurated on 15 May. He is the second Socialist President of the Fifth French Republic, after François Mitterrand who served from 1981 to 1995.
Hollande was born in Rouen, Seine-Maritime, Upper Normandy, to a middle-class family. His mother, Nicole Frédérique Marguerite Tribert (1927–2009), was a social worker, and his father, Georges Gustave Hollande, an ear, nose, and throat doctor who "had once run for the extreme right in local politics." The surname "Hollande" is "believed to come from Calvinist ancestors who escaped Holland (the Netherlands) in the 16th century and took the name of their old country." Hollande was raised Catholic but quietly rebelled against the strict religious brothers chosen by his father to educate him. The family moved to Neuilly, a suburb of Paris, when Hollande was 13.
wn.com/François_Hollande -
Marine Le Pen
Marine Le Pen (French pronunciation: [ma.ʁin lə.pɛn]; born Marion Anne Perrine Le Pen; 5 August 1968) is a lawyer by profession, a French right-wing politician and the president of the Front National (FN), the third-largest political party in France, since 16 January 2011. She is the youngest daughter of the French politician Jean-Marie Le Pen, former president of the FN and currently its honorary chairman.
She joined the FN in 1986, its Executive Committee in 2000 and was a vice-president of the FN for eight years (2003–2011). She currently is an ex-officio member of the FN Executive Office, Executive Committee and Central Committee.
She has been a regional councillor since 1998 (Île-de-France: 2004–2010, Nord-Pas-de-Calais: 1998–2004, 2010–present), a Member of the European Parliament since 2004 (Île-de-France: 2004–2009, North-West France: 2009–present) and was a municipal councillor in Hénin-Beaumont, Pas-de-Calais for three years (2008–2011).
In 2010, she was a candidate for the leadership of the FN set up by Jean-Marie Le Pen on 5 October 1972. She successfully succeeded him during the FN congress in Tours, Indre-et-Loire. On 16 January 2011, she was elected with 67.65% (11,546 votes) as the second president of the Front National.
wn.com/Marine_Le_Pen
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Chicken Feet - Tim Gard
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:02
- Updated: 31 Dec 2012
www.timgard.com - Tim speaks about finding the humor in everyday situations. This segment addresses the troubles found with airport luggage. For booking and more info visit www.timgard.com
http://wn.com/Chicken_Feet_Tim_Gard
www.timgard.com - Tim speaks about finding the humor in everyday situations. This segment addresses the troubles found with airport luggage. For booking and more info visit www.timgard.com
Constructie gard bca la stefanesti
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:21
- Updated: 08 Dec 2012
http://wn.com/Constructie_gard_bca_la_stefanesti
Rallye Du Gard 2011 [HD]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:05
- Updated: 11 Dec 2012
Like us on Facebook : www.facebook.com Best Of Rallye Du Gard 2011 by SudRallye . Visit my channel for more HD rally videos www.sudrallye.fr
http://wn.com/Rallye_Du_Gard_2011_HD_
Like us on Facebook : www.facebook.com Best Of Rallye Du Gard 2011 by SudRallye . Visit my channel for more HD rally videos www.sudrallye.fr
- published: 15 May 2011
- views: 41400
- author: SudRallye
Rallye Des Vins Du Gard 2011 [HD]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:37
- Updated: 26 Nov 2012
Like us on Facebook : www.facebook.com Best Of Rallye Des Vins Du Gard 2011 by SudRallye . Visit my channel for more HD rally videos www.sudrallye.fr
http://wn.com/Rallye_Des_Vins_Du_Gard_2011_HD_
Like us on Facebook : www.facebook.com Best Of Rallye Des Vins Du Gard 2011 by SudRallye . Visit my channel for more HD rally videos www.sudrallye.fr
- published: 14 Mar 2011
- views: 105582
- author: SudRallye
Ida Gard - On His Knees
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:21
- Updated: 23 Dec 2012
Ida Gard - On His Knees
http://wn.com/Ida_Gard_On_His_Knees
Lizards, snakes and poisonous animals roaming the deserts of Australia - BBC wildlife
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:01
- Updated: 27 Dec 2012
Welcome to Australia - the land of the lizard! Wild Australian poisonous animals like snakes and scorpions are no match for these reptiles. From the BBC.
http://wn.com/Lizards,_snakes_and_poisonous_animals_roaming_the_deserts_of_Australia_BBC_wildlife
Welcome to Australia - the land of the lizard! Wild Australian poisonous animals like snakes and scorpions are no match for these reptiles. From the BBC.
- published: 05 Jun 2008
- views: 183637
- author: BBCWorldwide
La Fille Mal Gardée
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:39
- Updated: 10 Oct 2012
Jonathan Howells as Alain in "La Fille Mal Gardée" Choreography by Frederick Ashton Marianela Nuñes as Lise, Carlos Acosta as Colas, William Tuckett as Simone, Jonathan Howells as Alain Royal Opera House 2005
http://wn.com/La_Fille_Mal_Gardée
Jonathan Howells as Alain in "La Fille Mal Gardée" Choreography by Frederick Ashton Marianela Nuñes as Lise, Carlos Acosta as Colas, William Tuckett as Simone, Jonathan Howells as Alain Royal Opera House 2005
- published: 04 Aug 2007
- views: 35637
- author: ManonLes88
Shahen Talabani - Gard w Tozakay
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:12
- Updated: 31 Dec 2012
Goraniyeki Shahen Talabani
http://wn.com/Shahen_Talabani_Gard_w_Tozakay
Maria Arredondo - Himmel på jord
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:23
- Updated: 29 Dec 2012
Nydelig julemusikk fra Maria Arredondo. God jul!
http://wn.com/Maria_Arredondo_Himmel_på_jord
Nydelig julemusikk fra Maria Arredondo. God jul!
- published: 09 Nov 2010
- views: 133626
- author: christianlampard
Camelia Balmau - Sta murgul legat la gard
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:05
- Updated: 01 Jan 2013
Videoclip regizat și montat de Carmina Alina Vlad, tel: 0726801111 Imagine: Traian Mitrache, căruia îi mulțumesc pentru răbdare și înțelegere. Filmările au fost realizate în Com. Melinești și satul Negoiești din județul Dolj. Mulțumiri speciale tuturor celor care au participat cu voie sau fără de voie la realizarea acestor filmări, tuturor sătenilor care ne-au sprijinit ca totul să fie perfect. Numarul de telefon al Camelie Balmau, il puteti gasi pe cd-ul acesteia, astfel, va rog nu sunati la nr afisat mai sus pt a cere nr acesteia de telefon. Va multumesc pt intelegere! Mulțumesc lui Alex Mirea pentru că ma învățat mici trucuri de montaj.
http://wn.com/Camelia_Balmau_Sta_murgul_legat_la_gard
Videoclip regizat și montat de Carmina Alina Vlad, tel: 0726801111 Imagine: Traian Mitrache, căruia îi mulțumesc pentru răbdare și înțelegere. Filmările au fost realizate în Com. Melinești și satul Negoiești din județul Dolj. Mulțumiri speciale tuturor celor care au participat cu voie sau fără de voie la realizarea acestor filmări, tuturor sătenilor care ne-au sprijinit ca totul să fie perfect. Numarul de telefon al Camelie Balmau, il puteti gasi pe cd-ul acesteia, astfel, va rog nu sunati la nr afisat mai sus pt a cere nr acesteia de telefon. Va multumesc pt intelegere! Mulțumesc lui Alex Mirea pentru că ma învățat mici trucuri de montaj.
- published: 02 Apr 2011
- views: 372399
- author: CarminaProductionS
Boris Gard(i)ner - Elizabethan Reggae (Duke 1969).
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:34
- Updated: 01 Jan 2013
One Of My Personal Reggae Favourites.
http://wn.com/Boris_Gardiner_Elizabethan_Reggae_Duke_1969
Comic Vision - Tim Gard - Funny Keynote Speaker
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:08
- Updated: 31 Dec 2012
www.timgard.com - Tim speaks about having a comic vision and bringing laughter and comedy to everyday situations. Need a main stage speaker? Tim Gard is an EVENT EXPERIENCE! not "another" keynote Consistency of excellence WORLDWIDE! from Texas to Tasmania The question isn't should I hire him? The question is why haven't you and when will you? Tim Gard International • 4150 Ireland Street • Denver, CO 80249 1-800-865-9939 or 303-371-3311
http://wn.com/Comic_Vision_Tim_Gard_Funny_Keynote_Speaker
www.timgard.com - Tim speaks about having a comic vision and bringing laughter and comedy to everyday situations. Need a main stage speaker? Tim Gard is an EVENT EXPERIENCE! not "another" keynote Consistency of excellence WORLDWIDE! from Texas to Tasmania The question isn't should I hire him? The question is why haven't you and when will you? Tim Gard International • 4150 Ireland Street • Denver, CO 80249 1-800-865-9939 or 303-371-3311
- published: 16 Oct 2007
- views: 113
- author: comicvisions
HBD w Bard Gard Bri
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:07
- Updated: 01 Jan 2013
Bri just meets Dave in a chaotic alternate realities portal adventure and they break into Happy Birthday. It could happen. Well, it DID happen.
http://wn.com/HBD_w_Bard_Gard_Bri
Bri just meets Dave in a chaotic alternate realities portal adventure and they break into Happy Birthday. It could happen. Well, it DID happen.
- published: 01 Jan 2013
- author: Dave DeBard
Superbe empoignade à la 39e course de côte du col Saint-Pierre (Gard)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:43
- Updated: 14 Oct 2012
Pour la première fois de son histoire, la course de côte automobile du col Saint-Pierre ouvre le championnat d'Europe de la montagne. 170 pilotes (dix nationalités représentées) ont gravi les 5 km du tracé majestueux de la corniche des Cévennes le week-end des 16 et 17 avril. Attention au départ...
http://wn.com/Superbe_empoignade_à_la_39e_course_de_côte_du_col_Saint-Pierre_Gard
Pour la première fois de son histoire, la course de côte automobile du col Saint-Pierre ouvre le championnat d'Europe de la montagne. 170 pilotes (dix nationalités représentées) ont gravi les 5 km du tracé majestueux de la corniche des Cévennes le week-end des 16 et 17 avril. Attention au départ...
- published: 17 Apr 2011
- views: 29208
- author: Midilibrecom
Avant-Gard at Zirzamin Club
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:15
- Updated: 02 Jan 2013
Band playing their own composition
http://wn.com/Avant-Gard_at_Zirzamin_Club
Carlos Arroyo Feat Yomo - Se Va Conmigo (Official Video)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:17
- Updated: 31 Dec 2012
Sigue a Carlos Arroyo en su cuentas oficiales facebook.com twitter.com (c) 2010 Arroyo Hit Music Disponible en itunes itunes.apple.com
http://wn.com/Carlos_Arroyo_Feat_Yomo_Se_Va_Conmigo_Official_Video
Sigue a Carlos Arroyo en su cuentas oficiales facebook.com twitter.com (c) 2010 Arroyo Hit Music Disponible en itunes itunes.apple.com
- published: 04 Sep 2010
- views: 1269765
- author: Carlosarroyotv
Gay Crossing Guard Prank
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:29
- Updated: 01 Jan 2013
Pedestrians are tricked into holding a sign that says "I'm Gay" and are quickly confronted to a super gay man in his convertible. Apresentation of the Just For Laughs Gags. The funny hidden camera pranks show for the whole family. Juste pour rire les gags, l'émission de caméra cachée la plus comique de la télé! You can also find us on | Vous pouvez aussi nous trouver sur: Twitter: twitter.com Facebook: facebook.com Tumblr: justforlaughsgags.tumblr.com Google+ gplus.to StumbleUpon: www.stumbleupon.com Pinterest: pinterest.com Digg: digg.com StumbleUpon: stumbleupon.com Foursquare: foursquare.com Flickr: www.flickr.com
http://wn.com/Gay_Crossing_Guard_Prank
Pedestrians are tricked into holding a sign that says "I'm Gay" and are quickly confronted to a super gay man in his convertible. Apresentation of the Just For Laughs Gags. The funny hidden camera pranks show for the whole family. Juste pour rire les gags, l'émission de caméra cachée la plus comique de la télé! You can also find us on | Vous pouvez aussi nous trouver sur: Twitter: twitter.com Facebook: facebook.com Tumblr: justforlaughsgags.tumblr.com Google+ gplus.to StumbleUpon: www.stumbleupon.com Pinterest: pinterest.com Digg: digg.com StumbleUpon: stumbleupon.com Foursquare: foursquare.com Flickr: www.flickr.com
- published: 17 Mar 2012
- views: 1013966
- author: JustForLaughsTV
METOHIJA - OSOJACKI GARD (bakljada) NOVA GODINA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:30
- Updated: 01 Jan 2013
Osojacki GARD NE MRZIM NIKOG, NE VERUJEM SVAKOM! ! !
http://wn.com/METOHIJA_OSOJACKI_GARD_bakljada_NOVA_GODINA
Osojacki GARD NE MRZIM NIKOG, NE VERUJEM SVAKOM! ! !
- published: 01 Jan 2013
- views: 20
- author: londaneze zmaj
The Best Uplifting Melodies 2009
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:59
- Updated: 29 Dec 2012
Hi everyone, this year is finishing, so I would like presents the best production of 2009 for me. Here you can hear absolutely amazing and beautiful melodies. I hope that in 2010 we can listen as great tunes as now.
http://wn.com/The_Best_Uplifting_Melodies_2009
Hi everyone, this year is finishing, so I would like presents the best production of 2009 for me. Here you can hear absolutely amazing and beautiful melodies. I hope that in 2010 we can listen as great tunes as now.
- published: 21 Dec 2009
- views: 38833
- author: Puerce Mai
A arte de esculpir em legumes e frutas - Programa Bom Dia Campo - Rudival Blesa
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:24
- Updated: 13 Dec 2012
Rudival Blesa é Gard Manger há muitos anos. Elabora esculturas em legumes e frutas. Aqui ele mostra como fazer verdadeiras obras de artes com os legumes e frutas. Entre em contato pelos telefones: (11) 5896-9056 e 8053-3237
http://wn.com/A_arte_de_esculpir_em_legumes_e_frutas_Programa_Bom_Dia_Campo_Rudival_Blesa
Rudival Blesa é Gard Manger há muitos anos. Elabora esculturas em legumes e frutas. Aqui ele mostra como fazer verdadeiras obras de artes com os legumes e frutas. Entre em contato pelos telefones: (11) 5896-9056 e 8053-3237
- published: 21 Jun 2011
- views: 46679
- author: rudivalblesa
Interview 1 Gilles Gard France Bleu Toulouse 30 décembre 2012.wmv
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:47
- Updated: 31 Dec 2012
Ecoutez mon interview Dakar 2013 réalisé par France Bleu Toulouse avant mon départ pour le Dakar 2013.
http://wn.com/Interview_1_Gilles_Gard_France_Bleu_Toulouse_30_décembre_2012wmv
Ecoutez mon interview Dakar 2013 réalisé par France Bleu Toulouse avant mon départ pour le Dakar 2013.
- published: 31 Dec 2012
- author: Gilles Gard
the hobbits are going to isengard
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:09
- Updated: 01 Jan 2013
bloody random
http://wn.com/the_hobbits_are_going_to_isengard
Aero Club du Gard - Nîmes
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:27
- Updated: 31 Dec 2012
Aeroclub du gard situé sur l'aérodrome de Nîmes Courbessac. Avion de tourisme, école de pilotage, formation de qualité, voyages, photos aériennes ... Chemin Aérodrome 30000 Nîmes 04 66 26 19 63
http://wn.com/Aero_Club_du_Gard_Nîmes
Aeroclub du gard situé sur l'aérodrome de Nîmes Courbessac. Avion de tourisme, école de pilotage, formation de qualité, voyages, photos aériennes ... Chemin Aérodrome 30000 Nîmes 04 66 26 19 63
- published: 30 Sep 2012
- views: 59
- author: vipeoTV
photo: AP / New York City Police Department
30 Dec 2012
A woman who told police she shoved a man to his death off a subway platform because she has hated Muslims since the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks on the US and thought he was one was charged on Saturday with murder as a hate crime, prosecutors said ... Menendez, 31, was awaiting arraignment on the charge on Saturday evening, Queens District Attorney Richard Brown said. She faces 25 years to life in prison if convicted ... On Dec ... ....(size: 3.0Kb)
photo: AP / Felicia Fonseca
01 Jan 2013
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. For good reason Mark Charles, a member of the Navajo Nation, is deeply offended that buried on page 45 of the 2010 Defense Appropriation Act (after pages on the maintenance and operation of the United States Military) is an "official" apology to Native American People ... political leaders and officials find it extremely difficult in expressing remorse for past mistakes ... Escorted by the U.S....(size: 5.6Kb)
photo: AP / John MacDougall
31 Dec 2012
Chancellor Angela Merkel has warned that the German economic climate in 2013 will be "even more difficult". In her new year message, she also cautioned that the eurozone debt crisis was far from over. However, she did say that reforms designed to address the roots of the problem were beginning to bear fruit ... In a taped interview to be broadcast later on Monday, Mrs Merkel urged Germans to be more patient ... Voters 'wary' ... ....(size: 2.3Kb)
photo: AP / Shaam News Network
30 Dec 2012
London. UN-Arab League envoy to Damascus, Lakhdar Brahimi, has said that a diplomatic solution to the conflict in Syria seemed far away, adding that the country risked being slithering into ‘hell’ ... (ANI). For Zee News’s Updates, follow us on Twitter , Facebook, Google+, Pinterest. First Published ... ....(size: 1.7Kb)
photo: AP / Abdullah Al-Yasin
01 Jan 2013
BEIRUT (Reuters) - Syrians woke on New Year's Day to countrywide aerial bombardment, while President Bashar al-Assad's forces and rebels fighting to topple him clashed on the outskirts of the capital. Free Syrian Army fighters and civilians search for bodies under rubble after an air strike by a fighter jet loyal to Syrian President Bashar al-Assad in Aleppo's al-Marja district December 31, 2012. REUTERS/Muzaffar Salman (SYRIA - Tags ... ....(size: 4.9Kb)
Skiddle
02 Jan 2013
Madame Jojo's, London Wed 2nd January 2013. Trannyshack UK is one of London's most popular avante-garde cabaret club nights. Date. Wednesday 2nd January 2013. Venue. Madame Jojo's ». Location. London ». Doors. 10.00pm til 3.00am (last entry 2.00am). Short url. http.//www.skiddle.com/events/11769498/. event info venue news Tranny Shack U.K details ... Music Genres. ... Entry Prices. Minimum age ... ....(size: 2.1Kb)
noodls
02 Jan 2013
(Source. University of Sydney) Coral, cubism and the Colosseum. University of Sydney museums this summer. 2 January 2013. Kids aged six to 12 can enjoy arts and crafts, short expert talks, stories, artefacts and dress ups at the University museums over the summer holidays ... Nicholson Museum Children's activity day ... Aphrodite's Island ... Biology ... W. Power's work and listen to talks on the artist and the avante-garde movement. J. W ... J.W....(size: 5.8Kb)
The Los Angeles Times
02 Jan 2013
The Soul Giants were a struggling R&B cover band in Pomona in the mid-1960s when lead singer Ray Collins fired the group's guitarist and invited a musical collaborator from Rancho Cucamonga to take his place. His name was Frank Zappa. The band soon began morphing into the Mothers of Invention, the avant-garde novelty rock group that was Zappa's vision ... Collins died Dec ... He was believed to be 75 ... Decades later Collins simply said ... 0 ... ... ....(size: 31.9Kb)
The Independent
01 Jan 2013
It was supposed to be one of the artistic pinnacles of the 2012 Cultural Olympiad. a three-mile vortex of mist dancing in the air above the Mersey. But 2012 has come and gone, and Column, a £500,000 publicly-funded work by the avant-garde British-born artist Anthony McCall remains unfinished ... If Column is not in place by the summer, the whole project could be off. Planning permission is due to expire in July and might not be renewed ... ....(size: 3.0Kb)
The Examiner
01 Jan 2013
This Friday, January 4, 2013, is Art Walk ... The River District is full of surprises during each month's Art Walk. Ford's Garage is a hub of activity during Art Walk each month ... In anticipation of each month’s Art Walk, the River District art galleries locate, curate and exhibit exciting new artists and the latest in contemporary to avant-garde oils, acrylics, watercolors, mixed media, collage, sculpture, art jewelry and fine crafts....(size: 3.8Kb)
The Miami Herald
01 Jan 2013
MiamiHerald.com/columnists. “I say let the world go to hell, but I should always have my tea.” — Fyodor Dostoyevsky, “Notes from Underground.” ... At first, the streets seem quiet, abandoned by the customary art fiends and the parade of local characters — rich and poor, ordinary and avant-garde — that make this one of the most unique neighborhoods in South Florida ... Agh ... One must ... ....(size: 4.5Kb)
Wall Street Journal
01 Jan 2013
By JIM FUSILLI. New York. Since 1928, when the Russian Léon Theremin received a U.S. patent for an apparatus "embodying an electrical vibrating system," the theremin, his electronic instrument that's played without being touched, has become associated in film soundtracks with arrivals from outer space or hair-tugging psychotics. In rock and pop, the theremin may add a touch of the avant-garde ... "The only thing comparable is the voice ... Mr ... ....(size: 4.7Kb)
The Examiner
01 Jan 2013
Rating for Megu Midtown. 5. Megu ("blessing" in Japanese) has two award winning and outstanding locations in New York City. A flagship venue on Thomas street designed by award winning Yasumichi Morita, Megu New York has designed a two tiered 13,000 square foot Megu New York space ... Location. Megu Midtown. 40.752513 ; -73.967322 ... Authentic and avante garde japanese ingredients are combined to please every palate ... Superb! ... 212-964-7777 ... ....(size: 5.5Kb)
The Times of India
01 Jan 2013
T- Time. Google is arguably the most innovative and successful company of our time. And it is no secret that Google allows each employee to work on anything she wants, for one day a week, no questions asked ... F - Faking it ... H - Hierarchy ... U - Universities ... Instead, as avant-garde companies such as Cognizant are championing, India Inc will need to earn revenues on revenue-sharing terms, as success fees and on the broad structure of win-win....(size: 6.5Kb)
Stockhouse
01 Jan 2013
TORONTO, ONTARIO--(Marketwire - Jan ... About Nortel ... Administrators, the U.S ... ANNEX A ... Vu que la Cour a ordonné le 23 novembre 2012 de lever la suspension de procédures à l'égard des émetteurs en vigueur depuis l'ordonnance initiale pour permettre aux autorités en valeurs mobilières concernées de prononcer une interdiction d'opérations sur valeurs à l'égard des émetteurs; ... A-33.2;....(size: 14.8Kb)
Democracy Now
01 Jan 2013
Today we look at the nexus of politics and art, airing highlights of our cultural coverage from the past year featuring Alice Walker, Walter Mosley, Tony Kushner, Randy Weston, Steve Earle, Randall Robinson, Toshi Reagon, Tom Morello and others ... [includes rush transcript]. AMY GOODMAN. Today a Democracy Now! special, looking back at 2012 ... RANDALL ROBINSON ... LL COOL J ... But as it happens, I teach a class at Columbia called avant-garde poetry....(size: 51.2Kb)
The Daily Telegraph
31 Dec 2012
BY Belinda White . 31 December 2012 ... Photo. Team Kanye Daily ... Related articles. Paris Haute Couture ... H&M; toast Maison Martin Margiela collaboration with avant-garde party in New York ... And so it came to pass that on Friday night Mr West took his obsession with the avant garde Parisian label to its fabulous conclusion, sporting a full-face crystal head mask from their autumn/winter 2012 haute couture collection, on stage in Atlantic City ... ....(size: 14.4Kb)
The New York Times
31 Dec 2012
‘‘This annual insult to people who love classical music,’’ he wrote on his blog, ‘‘deserves a protest.’’ What particularly irked him was the omission of the eminent avant-garde composer Elliott Carter ... Coil — two unflinchingly transgressive bands that not only altered the history of avant-garde electronic music but which I also personally admire....(size: 7.4Kb)
This article is about French department. For the marine insurance company, see Assuranceforeningen Gard. For Pomeranian settlements, see Grad (Slavic settlement).
| Gard | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| — Department — | |||
|
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 |
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| Coordinates: 44°7′41″N 4°4′54″E / 44.12806°N 4.08167°E / 44.12806; 4.08167Coordinates: 44°7′41″N 4°4′54″E / 44.12806°N 4.08167°E / 44.12806; 4.08167 | |||
| Country | France | ||
| Region | Languedoc-Roussillon | ||
| Prefecture | Nîmes | ||
| Subprefectures | Alès Le Vigan |
||
| Government | |||
| • President of the General Council | Damien Alary (PS) | ||
| Area1 | |||
| • Total | 5,853 km2 (2,260 sq mi) | ||
| Population (1999) | |||
| • Total | 623,125 | ||
| • Rank | 34th | ||
| • Density | 110/km2 (280/sq mi) | ||
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | ||
| Department number | 30 | ||
| Arrondissements | 3 | ||
| Cantons | 46 | ||
| Communes | 353 | ||
| ^1 French Land Register data, which exclude estuaries, and lakes, ponds, and glaciers larger than 1 km2 | |||
Gard (French pronunciation: [ɡaʁ]; Occitan: Gard) is a département located in southern France in the Languedoc-Roussillon region.
The department is named after the River Gardon, and the Occitan name of the river has been replacing the French name of the department in recent decades, even among French speakers.
Contents |
History[link]
The Gard area was settled by the Romans in classical times. It was crossed by the Via Domitia, which was constructed in 118 BC.
Gard is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on March 4, 1790. It was created from the ancient province of Languedoc.
It was originally intended to include the canton of Ganges in the department which would have been geographically logical, but Ganges was transferred to the neighbouring department of Hérault at the outset. In return, Gard received from Hérault the fishing port of Aigues Mortes which gave the department its own outlet to the Gulf of Lion.
During the middle of the nineteenth century the prefecture, traditionally a centre of commerce with a manufacturing sector focused on textiles, was an early beneficiary of railway development, becoming an important railway junction. Several luxurious hotels were built, and the improved market access provided by the railways also encouraged, initially, a rapid growth in wine growing: however, many of the department's viticulturalists were ruined by the arrival in 1872 of phylloxera.
Geography[link]
Gard is part of the region of Languedoc-Roussillon and is surrounded by the departments of Hérault, Lozère, Aveyron, Bouches-du-Rhône, Vaucluse, and Ardèche.
The highest point in the department is the Mont Aigoual.
Serious flooding has occurred in the department in recent years.
Politics[link]
The President of the General Council is Damien Alary of the Socialist Party.
| Party | Seats | |
|---|---|---|
| • | Socialist Party | 17 |
| Union for a Popular Movement | 9 | |
| • | French Communist Party | 8 |
| • | Miscellaneous Left | 6 |
| Far-left | 2 | |
| Miscellaneous Right | 2 | |
| New Centre | 1 | |
In the closely contested first round of the 2012 French Presidential elections, Gard was the only department to vote in the National Front candidate Marine Le Pen by a slim relative majority, with 25.51% of the vote. The incumbent President Sarkozy of the Union for a Popular Movement party received 24.86% of the vote, while Socialist Party candidate François Hollande received 24.11% of the vote share.[1]
References[link]
Tourism and points of interest[link]
Gard contains a part of the Cévennes National Park.
There are important Roman architectural remains in Nîmes, as well as the famous Roman aqueduct, the Pont du Gard.
.JPG)
Gard is also home to the source of Perrier, a carbonated mineral water sold both in France and internationally on a large scale. The spring and facility are located just south-east of the commune of Vergèze.
See also[link]
- Cantons of the Gard department
- Communes of the Gard department
- Arrondissements of the Gard department
External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Gard |
- (French) Prefecture website
- (French) General Council website
- (French) Welcome to the Gard
- (English) Welcome to the Gard
- (English and French) The Regordane Way or St Gilles Trail
- Map of the department
- (French) Guide Gard
http://wn.com/Gard
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Gard
http://cs.wn.com/Gard
http://es.wn.com/Gard
http://ru.wn.com/Гар (департамент)
http://nl.wn.com/Gard (departement)
http://id.wn.com/Gard
http://pl.wn.com/Gard (departament)
http://fr.wn.com/Gard
http://de.wn.com/Département Gard
http://pt.wn.com/Gard
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gard
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Maria Arredondo | |
|---|---|
 |
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| Background information | |
| Born | (1985-07-06)6 July 1985 Vennesla, Norway |
| Genres | Pop |
| Occupations | Singer |
| Years active | 2002-Present |
| Labels | Universal Music Norway 2002- |
| Website | www.maria-arredondo.net www.maria-arredondo.co.uk |
Maria Arredondo (born 1985 in Vennesla, Norway) is a Norwegian pop singer. The name Arredondo comes from her Chilean stepfather.[1]
Contents |
Career[link]
Maria started her singing career early. By the age of 10, she had already participated in some local concerts in her home town Vennesla. After that, Maria spent some time developing her own style. In March 2003, Maria released her first album called Maria Arredondo by Universal Music Norway. The album was a success in Norway, attaining the highest possible scores from an important Norwegian newspaper, VG.[2]
In November 2004, Maria released her second album, Not Going Under. This was the first album to have videos from the singles, as Maria didn't produce any videos for her first album.
After Maria released her last album, Min Jul (some tracks produced and arranged by Jon Lord of Deep Purple), she made some shows and then took a break. Now, almost one year after the release of her Christmas album, she is planning some concerts, and the release of a new single, called On Christmas Day She has just released her fourth album.[3]
Arredondo was among other contributions of singers like Marit Larsen in the song "For a Friend" and Marion Raven in the song "That Day", Both members of the defunct band M2M.
On November, 7th Maria did an interview with Fedrelandsvennen[4] and announced that the new single will be released on November 13, 2006.
Her 3 cds have combined sales of over 150.000 copies.[4]
On November 12, 2007 she released her first album in two years, For A Moment. The first single from this album, "Brief and Beautiful" became a monster-hit throughout the fall. "Brief and Beautiful" was written by Hanne Sørvaag and Harry Sommerdahl, and a Spanish-language adaptation of this song called "Fue para los dos" was released earlier in 2007 by Spanish singer Edurne.
Her fourth album was met with mixed reviews. On the album, "Even when you're with me" is a cover of the Spanish singer Chenoa's "Me Enamoro Del Dolor", and "If You Could Only See Me" was originally recorded by another Norwegian artist called Ina.
In the fall of 2007, it was also revealed that Maria Arredondo will star as Maria Von Trapp in the Sound of Music, which will be a major production in Norway - premiering in the fall of 2008. This is the first major production of the Sound of Music in Norway in about 20 years, Sissel Kyrkjebø played the part as Maria Von Trapp back then.
Maria Arredondo entered the qualifying rounds of the Melodi Grand Prix 2010 (the Norwegian selection process for the Eurovision Song Contest) on 16 January and was voted through to the national final, with the song "The Touch", which is written by Rolf Løvland. Today, Maria workes (beyond her singing) 20% in Heggedal chirch in Asker Norway.
Musical style[link]
Arredondo's musical style is a mixture of pop and dream pop very similar to artists such as M2M, Natalie Imbruglia, Michelle Branch, Jewel and The Cranberries.
Discography[link]
Studio albums[link]
| Year | Album | Chart positions | Certification |
|---|---|---|---|
| VG-lista | |||
| 2003 | Maria Arredondo | 2 |
|
| 2004 | Not Going Under | 7 |
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| 2005 | Min Jul | 6 |
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| 2007 | For A Moment | 12 |
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| 2008 | Sound Of Musicals | 28 |
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Singles[link]
| Year | Single | Chart Positions | Album | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VG-lista | Hit40 | |||
| 2002 | "Can Let Go" | / | 3 | Maria Arredondo |
| "Just A Little Heartache" | 10 | 2 | ||
| 2003 | "In Love With An Angel" | 1 | 1 | |
| "Hardly Hurts At All" | 5 | 2 | ||
| "A Thousand Nights" | / | — | ||
| "Julekveldsvise" (With Winta, Sølvgut) | / | — | Nå Har Vi Vaske Golvet | |
| 2004 | "Mad Summer" | 3 | 2 | Not Going Under |
| "Burning" | / | 1 | ||
| 2005 | "Cross Every River" | / | — | |
| "Himmel På Jord" | / | 11 | Min Jul | |
| 2006 | "On Christmas Day" | 4 | — | For A Moment |
| 2007 | "Brief and Beautiful" | 4 | 1 | |
| "Kyrie Eleison" | / | — | ||
| "For A Moment" | / | — | ||
| 2010 | "The Touch" | — | — | TBA |
/ : The sinlges were only released as radio single. —: The sinlges did't enter the charts
Features[link]
| Year | Single | Chart Positions | Album | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VG-lista | Airplay | |||
| 2009 | Ett sår i min själ (With Jan Johansen) | / | / | Minnen |
References[link]
External links[link]
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Arredondo, Maria |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 1985 |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Maria_Arredondo
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Maria Arredondo
http://es.wn.com/María Arredondo
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Arredondo
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For other people named Carlos Arroyo, see Carlos Arroyo (disambiguation).
 Arroyo with the Celtics |
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| Beşiktaş Milangaz | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Personal information | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Born | (1979-07-30) July 30, 1979 (age 32) Fajardo, Puerto Rico |
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| Nationality | American/Puerto Rican | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| High school | Colegio Santiago Apostol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Listed height | 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Listed weight | 200 lb (91 kg) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Career information | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| College | Florida International | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NBA Draft | 2001 / Undrafted | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pro career | 1996–present | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Career history | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1996–1997 | Fajardo Cariduros (Puerto Rico) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1998–2003 | Cangrejeros de Santurce (Puerto Rico) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2001–2002 | Toronto Raptors | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2002 | Denver Nuggets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2002 | TAU Cerámica (Spain) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2002–2005 | Utah Jazz | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2005–2006 | Detroit Pistons | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2006–2008 | Orlando Magic | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2008–2009 | Maccabi Tel Aviv (Israel) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2009–2011 | Miami Heat | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2011 | Boston Celtics | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2011–present | Beşiktaş Milangaz (Turkey) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Career highlights and awards | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Medals
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Carlos Alberto Arroyo Bermúdez (born July 30, 1979 in Fajardo) is a Puerto Rican professional basketball point guard who plays for Beşiktaş Milangaz in Turkey. Arroyo is the fifth player from Puerto Rico to play in the NBA. In the 2008–09 season, he played for Maccabi Tel Aviv in the Israeli Basketball Super League, winning the league's championship and being named the final's Most Valuable Player.
Arroyo has played in the NBA, NCAA, and the National Superior Basketball League of Puerto Rico (BSN) with the Fajardo Cariduros and Cangrejeros de Santurce. Arroyo has also played internationally in Spain. Arroyo was a member of the Puerto Rican National Basketball Team that defeated the United States at the 2004 Olympic Basketball Tournament. He also represented Puerto Rico at the 2006 FIBA World Championship in Japan.
Contents |
Career[link]
Early years[link]
Arroyo began his career in the National Superior Basketball League of Puerto Rico, where he debuted with the Fajardo Cariduros and subsequently played for the Cangrejeros de Santurce, where he was a teammate of then starting center of the Puerto Rico National Basketball Team, José Ortiz. During his participation with the team the Crabbers won four consecutive national titles in 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 and 2003, winning five league championships in six years.
Arroyo also studied in Florida International University from 1998 to 2001, where he played for the campus' team, the Golden Panthers.[1] He was a four-year letterman in the university having completed his baccalaureate and played with the team four years, establishing several records in the team's history. Among these records is the all-time lead in assists, having made 459 successful passes.[2] Arroyo is also the only player in Florida International University to have scored more than six hundred points in a single season.[2] He is in the second global position in lifetime scoring, having scored 1,600 points throughout his university career, with an average of 16.0 points per game and 4.6 assists per game over his 100 games.[3] Arroyo was also selected as a member of the Sun Belt Conference's All-Star team on two separate occasions.[4] On January 5, 2007, Florida International University presented a ceremony where Arroyo's university number (30) was symbolically retired to recognize his performance with the institution's team.[5]
After graduating from college, Arroyo was signed by the National Basketball Association's Toronto Raptors for the 2001–02 NBA season, but was released in January 2002. He then played briefly in the Spanish ACB League with TAU Cerámica before being signed by the Denver Nuggets in March of the same year. He saw limited action with those two teams, playing seventeen games with the Raptors and twenty with the Nuggets before his initial NBA season was over. He only played an average of 9.7 minutes per game during those thirty-seven games in which he saw action.
Utah Jazz[link]
Arroyo joined the Utah Jazz for the 2002-03 NBA season. He did not play much during his first year in Utah; he was the team's third string point guard behind John Stockton and Mark Jackson. However, Arroyo watched and learned from Stockton and Jackson, and his time to play soon arrived.
Stockton retired shortly after the season ended, and Jackson joined the Houston Rockets during the offseason, leaving Arroyo as the starter for the 2003–04 season. With the retirement of Stockton and the subsequent departure of Karl Malone to the Los Angeles Lakers, it was expected that the Jazz would suffer through a miserable season and sink to the bottom of the league. However, to the surprise of many, the remaining Jazz players pulled together and kept the team competitive, even in the tough Midwest Division. With Arroyo leading the attack, Utah finished with an impressive 42–40 record, narrowly missing a berth in the playoffs. Arroyo set career highs by averaging 12.6 points and 5.0 assists per game. He scored a career-high 30 points against the Minnesota Timberwolves on November 14, the highest single-game total ever for a Puerto Rican player in the NBA.
Detroit Pistons[link]
During the 2004-05 NBA season with the Jazz, Arroyo had several disputes with Sloan. He eventually found himself back on the bench. In January 2005, Arroyo was traded to the Detroit Pistons for veteran center Elden Campbell (who would quickly be waived and later be reclaimed by the Pistons) and a future first-round pick.[6]
With the Pistons, Arroyo came within one game of becoming the second Puerto Rican to win an NBA championship. What was dubbed by some Hispanic newspapers as The Hispanic NBA Finals (because Arroyo played for the Pistons and Argentine Manu Ginóbili starred for the San Antonio Spurs). The Spurs won the series in seven games, with a final game score of 81–74. Arroyo's playing time was reduced significantly due to Larry Brown's tight defensive style.
Initially, with Pistons coach Flip Saunders' style of coaching, Arroyo received more minutes of playing time, and demonstrated value off the bench. He led the team in assists several times despite playing fewer minutes than other players. However, again, his minutes declined as the season progressed.
On January 11, 2006, Arroyo was suspended for one game after he allegedly ran into an official during the Pistons' 96–86 victory over the New Orleans/Oklahoma City Hornets on January 10.
Orlando Magic[link]
On February 15, 2006, Arroyo was dealt (along with Darko Miličić) from Detroit to the Orlando Magic, in exchange for Kelvin Cato and a future first-round draft choice.[7]
The addition of Arroyo and Miličić, plus the return of point guard Jameer Nelson from the injured list, sparked a resurgence of the Magic in the last quarter of the 2005–2006 season, as they finished with a 12–3 run, nearly reaching the playoffs. During this run, the team had an eight-game winning streak, beating top teams such as the Dallas Mavericks, San Antonio Spurs, Miami Heat and the Detroit Pistons. During the stretch run, Arroyo averaged 22.1 MPG, 10.8 PPG, 2.8 APG, and 2.2 RPG off the bench, which earned Arroyo the back-up point guard position behind Nelson. These averages were significant improvements from the statistics he accumulated with the Pistons, when he averaged only 12 minutes per game. He scored a season-high 21 points against the Phoenix Suns on March 3, 2006. On April 9, 2006, Arroyo injured his left hamstring and was sidelined for four games, returning on April 17 and scoring 17 points in the last game of the season.
Arroyo started the 2006–07 season as the team's backup point guard but was demoted by the team's coach Brian Hill following an offensive slump, eventually returning to this position during mid season.
The Orlando Magic started the 2007–08 season with new coach Stan Van Gundy, and Arroyo again was at the backup point guard position. On November 28, 2007, he had a career-high 14 assists in a game against the Seattle SuperSonics. On December 29, 2007, Arroyo was promoted to the starting position after Nelson experienced an extended offensive slump.[8] With Nelson in the starting position during this period the team was having an average of seventeen turnovers per game, and he was unable to score in double digits on 10 out of 17 games.[8] This led to Van Gundy issuing several public notices concerning the team's performance eventually leading to changes in the starting formation.[8] During Arroyo's first three games in the starting position the number of turnovers produced by the team was lowered to eleven per game.[8] Arroyo's points average was within double digits in all of these games and he recorded seventeen assists.[8][9] Arroyo closed January in the starting position, the team finished the month winning five out of six games.[10]
However, after playing 5 minutes on February 6, 2008, and being replaced by Nelson, Arroyo saw his playing time limited again. Arroyo did not play from February 11, when he played for less than 10 minutes and scored 7 points, until March 1.[11] In an interview with Puerto Rican newspaper El Nuevo Día, coach Van Gundy said that he prefers Keyon Dooling on the slot of back-up point guard right now.[12] Due to injuries to both Nelson and Dooling, Arroyo was put back in the starting lineup that day and ended up scoring 13 points with 8 assists in 41 minutes. Following the conclusion of the 2007–2008 NBA season Arroyo became a free agent. When interviewed, Arroyo noted that he was interested in returning to Orlando, but that he was open to hear offers from the New York Knicks and Miami Heat.[13]
Euroleague[link]
Arroyo first played in the Euroleague for a brief stint in the Euroleague 2001-02 season with the Liga ACB club TAU Cerámica. He then returned to the NBA. In the summer of 2008, Arroyo signed a three-year contract worth $7.5 million net income with his team paying all of his taxes and that included opt-out options after each of the first two seasons[14] with the Israeli League powerhouse Maccabi Tel Aviv and he returned to the Euroleague after having spent the previous 6 years in the NBA. In the end of the 2008–09 season with Maccabi he won the Israeli League, being named the Most Valuable Player of the league's finals. In Israel, he averaged 15.3 PTS (51.6% 2FGP) in 31 mins per game.[15]
| Maccabi Electra Tel-Aviv TEAM | G | MIN | PTS | 2FGP | 3FGP | FT | RO | RD | RT | AS | PF | BS | ST | TO |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2008–09 TOTALS | 28 | 871 | 429 | 81–157 | 62–137 | 81–99 | 10 | 93 | 103 | 163 | 67 | 3 | 36 | 0 |
| 2008–09 AVERAGE | 28 | 31.1 | 15.3 | 51.6% | 45.3% | 81.8% | 0.4 | 3.3 | 3.7 | 5.8 | 2.4 | 0.1 | 1.3 | 0.0 |
Miami Heat[link]
On October 11, 2009, Arroyo signed a non-guaranteed, one-year contract with the Miami Heat.[16] He had an established residence in Pinecrest, Florida and had participated in a workout with the team before signing.[16] His contract was guaranteed for the full year later in the season.
Upon starting the season, Arroyo rotated in the point guard position with Mario Chalmers. On January 7, 2010, the Heat signed veteran free agent Rafer Alston,[17] forcing Arroyo to the bench. However, Alston was suspended after starting 25 games and on early March, Arroyo was moved back to the starting lineup.[18] During the last two months of the season, Arroyo averaged 9 points and 4.5 assists per game. He finished the season with a 4.27-to-1 assist-to-turnover ratio, second only to Chris Paul.[19] Arroyo averaged 6.8 points and 2.2 assists per game during the playoffs first round against the Boston Celtics where the Heat were eliminated in 5 games.
After the season ended, Arroyo became a free agent. However, on July 21, 2010, it was announced that he and the Heat had reached an agreement for the 2010–11 season.[20] He began the season as the team's starting point guard. With the presence of LeBron James and him handling the ball most of the time, coach Erik Spoelstra encouraged Arroyo to be more proactive with his shots.[21][22][23] On December 6, 2010, Arroyo had a perfect game shooting from the field (6–6 FG, 2–2 FT, 2–2 3PT), finishing with 18 points, 2 rebounds, and only 1 turnover. His 18 points were the most he had scored in 2 years.[24]
On January 22, 2010 coach Spoelstra replaced Arroyo as the Miami Heat starting point guard with Mario Chalmers. According to Spoelstra "It’s not an indictment on Carlos... It’s just something I think will be beneficial for the team right now." Although Arroyo and Chalmers shared similar statistics, the latter edged Arroyo in the popular +/- statistics.[25] On March 1, 2011, the Heat released Arroyo in an effort to clear a roster spot for the expected addition of free-agent guard Mike Bibby.[26] During this season, Arroyo started 42 games with the Heat, averaging 5.6 points and 2 assists per game. He also improved his 3-point shooting to a career-best 43.8 average, leading the team in that statistic.[27]
Boston Celtics[link]
On March 6, 2011 Arroyo agreed to a contract with the Boston Celtics for the remainder of the season.[28] The contract will apparently be for the veteran minimum of $1.2 million.[29] After the news surfaced, Arroyo tweeted on his Twitter account "Embracing this new opportunity in my life... Excited to meet my new teammates!!".[30]
Arroyo debuted with the Celtics on March 9, 2011 in a home game against the Los Angeles Clippers. He contributed with 4 points (2–3 FG), 3 rebounds, 2 assists, and 1 steal in 15 minutes of play.[31] After the game, coach Doc Rivers praised Arroyo's performance, calling it "phenomenal". Rivers was particularly impressed when Arroyo called a play from memory that the team still hadn't practiced with him. Celtics veterans Kevin Garnett and Paul Pierce also welcomed Arroyo's contribution to the team.[32] However, after the return of Delonte West from the injured list, Arroyo saw his playing time diminish.
During the first-round playoff series against the New York Knicks, Arroyo remained inactive as Rivers decided to have Troy Murphy active instead, because of his size.[33] He was activated for their second-round series against his former team, the Miami Heat. Doc Rivers said "He knows this team... So I thought he may be able to help us in some way." However, Arroyo didn't play in the series and the Celtics were eliminated in five games.[34]
Beşiktaş Milangaz[link]
On December 22, 2011, Arroyo signed a deal with the Turkish club Beşiktaş Milangaz until the end of the 2011-12 season.[35] His first game with the team was on December 31, 2011 against Anadolu Efes S.K.. Arroyo scored nine points, with 5 rebounds and three assists in 22 minutes of play, and his team ended up winning 83-76.[36] With only four weeks in Turkey, Arroyo was invited to play in the league All-Star game to be held in January 2012. During the game, he contributed with 13 points, 2 rebounds, and 13 assists. He also scored a last second three-point basket, to lead his team to a 140-139 win.[37]
When the season resumed, Arroyo led his team to win the Turkish Cup championship.[38] He ended up averaging 28.4 minutes, 14 points, and 4.5 assists per game, and a three-point field goal percentage of 47%. After that, he helped his team win the Eurochallenge, while averaging 10.7 points and 3.6 assists per game.[39]
International career[link]
While Arroyo has only seen limited success in the NBA, he is considered one of the premier international point guards. During the 2004 Olympics in Athens, Arroyo was the flag-bearer of the delegation and also led the Puerto Rican National Basketball Team throughout the Basketball at the 2004 Summer Olympics competition with 18 points per game overall, and led them to a 92–73 victory over the United States with 25 points, 7 assists, and 4 steals. Arroyo was selected with All-Olympic Team honors.[40]
During the 2006 FIBA World Championship, Arroyo averaged 21.2 PPG, 4.6 RPG and 5.2 APG in five games for the Puerto Rican team. Arroyo finished tied for fourth in PPG during the 2006 FIBA World Championship with fellow Puerto Rican teammate Larry Ayuso. Arroyo played at the 2008 Olympic Qualifying Tournament, but wasn't able to compete in the semifinals and finals due to a leg injury.[41] At the 2010 CentroBasket, Arroyo was reassigned to the regular shooting guard position, while Barea replaced him as the starting point guard.[42] Puerto Rico won its group, defeating Panama in semifinals and the Dominican Republic in the final to win the gold medal. Arroyo had averages of 6.3 assists per game and led the tournament in points per game with 19.3, earning him inclusion in the tournament's All-Star Team.[43] He was selected the event's Most Valuable Player.
NBA career statistics[link]
| Legend | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GP | Games played | GS | Games started | MPG | Minutes per game |
| FG% | Field-goal percentage | 3P% | 3-point field-goal percentage | FT% | Free-throw percentage |
| RPG | Rebounds per game | APG | Assists per game | SPG | Steals per game |
| BPG | Blocks per game | PPG | Points per game | Bold | Career high |
Regular season[link]
| Year | Team | GP | GS | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | PPG |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2001–02 | Toronto | 17 | 0 | 5.6 | .448 | .000 | .667 | .7 | 1.2 | .3 | .0 | 1.8 |
| 2001–02 | Denver | 20 | 1 | 13.8 | .439 | .000 | .750 | 1.4 | 2.5 | .2 | .1 | 4.1 |
| 2002–03 | Utah | 44 | 0 | 6.5 | .459 | .429 | .818 | .6 | 1.2 | .3 | .0 | 2.8 |
| 2003–04 | Utah | 71 | 71 | 28.3 | .441 | .325 | .804 | 2.6 | 5.0 | .9 | .1 | 12.6 |
| 2004–05 | Utah | 30 | 16 | 24.7 | .401 | .389 | .841 | 1.5 | 5.1 | .7 | .1 | 8.2 |
| 2004–05 | Detroit | 40 | 0 | 17.7 | .376 | .083 | .767 | 1.5 | 3.2 | .6 | .0 | 5.4 |
| 2005–06 | Detroit | 50 | 0 | 12.0 | .363 | .333 | .724 | 1.4 | 3.1 | .4 | .1 | 3.2 |
| 2005–06 | Orlando | 27 | 0 | 22.0 | .502 | .357 | .810 | 2.2 | 2.9 | .7 | .0 | 10.8 |
| 2006–07 | Orlando | 72 | 5 | 18.1 | .425 | .275 | .795 | 1.9 | 2.8 | .5 | .0 | 7.7 |
| 2007–08 | Orlando | 62 | 20 | 20.5 | .451 | .345 | .853 ' | 1.8 | 3.5 | .4 | .0 | 6.9 |
| 2009–10 | Miami | 72 | 35 | 22.0 | .475 | .280 | .844 | 1.8 | 3.1 | .5 | .1 | 6.1 |
| 2010–11 | Miami | 49 | 42 | 20.2 | .458 | .438 | .800 | 1.6 | 2.0 | .5 | .0 | 5.6 |
| 2010–11 | Boston | 15 | 1 | 12.7 | .314 | .600 | .917 | 1.5 | 1.7 | .5 | .0 | 2.4 |
| Career | 569 | 191 | 18.7 | .438 | .338 | .806 | 1.7 | 3.1 | .5 | .1 | 6.6 |
Playoffs[link]
| Year | Team | GP | GS | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | PPG |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2002–03 | Utah | 3 | 0 | 9.0 | .333 | .000 | .750 | .7 | 1.7 | .0 | .0 | 3.0 |
| 2004–05 | Detroit | 19 | 0 | 7.9 | .356 | .000 | .667 | .5 | 2.1 | .2 | .1 | 2.1 |
| 2006–07 | Orlando | 3 | 0 | 13.3 | .357 | .000 | 1.000 | 1.7 | 2.0 | .3 | .0 | 4.0 |
| 2007–08 | Orlando | 4 | 0 | 7.5 | .500 | .000 | 1.000 | .5 | 1.0 | .0 | .0 | 1.5 |
| 2009–10 | Miami | 5 | 5 | 23.0 | .462 | .000 | 1.000 | 1.8 | 2.2 | .6 | .0 | 5.2 |
| Career | 34 | 5 | 10.6 | .388 | .000 | .773 | .8 | 1.9 | .2 | .1 | 2.7 |
Musical career[link]
Interested in reggaeton, Carlos Arroyo established his own studio and independent record label called Arroyo Hit Music[44] and launched a mini-musical career in 2009.[45] He has released two singles so far, "Oculto Secreto" in 2009 and "Se Va Conmigo" in 2010. The latter features fellow Puerto Rican artist Yomo. Later after releasing his hit single with Reggaeton singer Yomo, he decided to work on the remix which features Ivy Queen.
Carlos Arroyo also has his own theme music accompaniment at American Airlines Arena, namely El Gran Combo's "Fiesta de Pilito".
Personal life[link]
Carlos Arroyo was born and raised in Fajardo, Puerto Rico. He is an identical twin, born along his brother Alberto. Arroyo is a cousin of the Academy Award winning Puerto Rican actor Benicio del Toro.[46] Arroyo graduated from Colegio Santiago Apostol in Fajardo. After finishing his studies, Arroyo established his residence in Florida, since it is the closest location to Puerto Rico within the United States, where he works.[47] It was there that he met his wife, Xiomara Escobar, with whom he has two daughters, Gabriella (born in 2005) and Daniela (born in 2010).[47][48][49] On November 2, 2007, Carlos was forced to miss two games with the Orlando Magic when he had to make an emergency visit to Puerto Rico because his daughter was suffering from pneumonia.[50] Arroyo's grandmother was a cancer patient, which motivated him to participate in activities directed towards children suffering from the condition.[51]
Discography[link]
Singles[link]
- 2009: "Oculto Secreto"
- 2010: "Se Va Conmigo" (feat. Yomo)
- 2010: "Se Va Conmigo" (Remix) (Feat. Ivy Queen)
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ Noel Piñeiro Planas (January 8, 2008) (in Spanish). Donqueos. Puerto Rico: El Nuevo Día. "Estudiante atleta de los Golden Panthers entre el 1998 y el 2001, Arroyo es el poseedor de varias marcas individuales en FIU."
- ^ a b Noel Piñeiro Planas (January 8, 2008). Donqueos. El Nuevo Día. "El base de los Magic de Orlando es todavía hoy el líder de todos los tiempos en asistencias repartidas en FIU con 459 pases decisivos para puntos y es el único canastero en la historia del programa que ha anotado más de 600 puntos en una temporada."
- ^ Noel Piñeiro Planas (January 8, 2008) (in Spanish). Donqueos. Puerto Rico: El Nuevo Día. "De otra parte, el boricua es el segundo máximo anotador en la historia de la institución con 1,600 puntos marcados en su carrera de cuatro temporadas."
- ^ Noel Piñeiro Planas (January 8, 2008) (in Spanish). Donqueos. Puerto Rico: El Nuevo Día. "Fue además dos veces seleccionado al equipo All-Star de la Conferencia Sun Belt."
- ^ Noel Piñeiro Planas (January 8, 2008) (in Spanish). Donqueos. Puerto Rico: El Nuevo Día. "Carlos Arroyo visitó el pasado sábado la cancha de baloncesto de la Universidad de Florida International para ser parte de una ceremonia en la que fue retirada la camiseta #30 que vistió en dicha institución universitaria."
- ^ "Pistons Acquire Guard Carlos Arroyo from Utah Jazz For Elden Campbell And A Future First Round Pick". NBA.com. 2005-01-21. http://www.nba.com/pistons/news/transactions_arroyo_campbell%20_050121.html. Retrieved 2011-12-22.
- ^ "Magic Acquire Arroyo & Milicic from Detroit". NBA.com. 2006-02-15. http://www.nba.com/magic/news/Magic_Acquire_Arroyo__Milicic-168630-800.html. Retrieved 2011-12-22.
- ^ a b c d e Noel Piñeiro Planas (December 3, 2007). En su mejor momento. El Nuevo Dia. pp. 106–107.
- ^ "Juegazo de Arroyo, pero Orlando perdió". Primera Hora. January 1, 2008. http://www.primerahora.com/noticia/baloncesto/accion_deportiva/juegazo_de_arroyo,_pero_orlando_perdio/143670. Retrieved January 3, 2008. [dead link]
- ^ "Los Magic sepultan a Miami". Primera Hora. January 31, 2008. http://www.primerahora.com/noticia/baloncesto/accion_deportiva/los_magic_sepultan_a_miami/152769. Retrieved January 31, 2008. [dead link]
- ^ "Carlos Arroyo Game Log". Yahoo! Sports. February 20, 2008. http://sports.yahoo.com/nba/players/3585/gamelog;_ylt=AjyApNsCpVi1A4NvO8etZNykvLYF. Retrieved February 20, 2008.
- ^ "En tercer plano Carlos Arroyo". El Nuevo Día. February 18, 2008. http://www.elnuevodia.com/diario/noticia/baloncesto/deportes/en_tercer_plano_carlos_arroyo/363305. Retrieved February 18, 2008.
- ^ Lester Jiménez (June 17, 2008). "Arroyo quiere pacto de cuatro años" (in Spanish). Primera Hora. http://www.primerahora.com/noticia/baloncesto/accion_deportiva/arroyo_quiere_pacto_de_cuatro_anos/201439. Retrieved June 17, 2008. [dead link]
- ^ "Arroyo chose to sign a three-year deal with Israeli giants Maccabi Tel-Aviv that will pay him $2.5 million net per season". espn.go.com. December 29, 2008. http://sports.espn.go.com/nba/news/story?id=3798680. Retrieved December 18, 2011.
- ^ "Carlos Arroyo Basketball Player Profile, stats, biography, career". Usbasket. http://www.usbasket.com/player.asp?Cntry=USA&PlayerID=30678. Retrieved December 18, 2011.
- ^ a b Michael Wallace (October 11, 2009). "Miami Heat signs former FIU point guard Carlos Arroyo". The Miami Herald. http://www.miamiherald.com/592/story/1278934.html. Retrieved October 11, 2009. [dead link]
- ^ Heat sign Alston off waivers, ESPN
- ^ Ira Winderman (April 10, 2010). "Rafer Alston out, Carlos Arroyo in as Heat starting point guard". Sun Sentinel. http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2010-03-04/sports/sfl-miami-heat-rafer-alston-s030410_1_mario-chalmers-carlos-arroyo-heat-starting-point-guard. Retrieved April 17, 2010.
- ^ Barry Jackson (April 14, 2010). "TV analysts don't expect Miami Heat to survive first round of NBA playoffs". The Miami Herald. http://www.miamiherald.com/2010/04/14/1578039/tv-analysts-dont-expect-heat-to.html. Retrieved April 17, 2010.
- ^ Ira Winderman (July 21, 2010). "Carlos Arroyo confirms Miami Heat agreement". South Florida Sun Sentinel. http://www.sun-sentinel.com/sports/miami-heat/sfl-miami-heat-carlos-arroyo-s072110,0,4734814.story. Retrieved July 21, 2010.
- ^ Carlos Arroyo: Not the Problem at ESPN, Kevin Arnovitz
- ^ 20-second timeout with Miami Heat point guard Carlos Arroyo at USA Today, Jeff Zillgitt
- ^ Heat 88, Bucks 78 on NBA.com
- ^ Miami Heat vs. Milwaukee Bucks on December 6, 2010 on ESPN
- ^ Quantifying the Arroyo-Chalmers debate on ESPN; Haberstroh, Tom (25-Jan-2011)
- ^ Heat expect to sign Mike Bibby, ESPN
- ^ Carlos Arroyo Statistics on Yahoo!
- ^ Boston Celtics move to sign Carlos Arroyo, according to source on ESPN; Forsberg, Chris (March 6, 2011)
- ^ Celtics Reportedly Sign Former Miami Heat Guard Carlos Arroyo on SBNation; Coolbaugh, Gethin (March 6, 2011)
- ^ Carlos Arroyo on Twitter
- ^ LA Clippers at Boston – Wednesday, March 9, 2011 on Yahoo! Sports
- ^ Arroyo an immediate leader on ESPN; Forsberg, Chris (March 10, 2011)
- ^ Shaquille O'Neal, Carlos Arroyo, Avery Bradley Inactive on Doc Rivers' Playoff Roster on NESN (April 17, 2011)
- ^ James, Wade lead Heat past Celtics 98–90 in OT on Yahoo! Sports; Golen, Jimmy (May 9, 2011)
- ^ (Turkish)Carlos Arroyo Beşiktaş Milangaz'da
- ^ "Debuta con triunfo Carlos Arroyo". El Nuevo Día. December 31, 2011. http://www.elnuevodia.com/debutacontriunfocarlosarroyo-1156356.html.
- ^ "Protagonista Arroyo en el Juego de Estrellas de Turquía". El Nuevo Día. January 23, 2012. http://www.elnuevodia.com/protagonistaarroyoeneljuegodeestrellasdeturquia-1172654.html.
- ^ Maroto, Pablo (February 20, 2012). "Campeón Carlos Arroyo de la Copa de Turquía". El Nuevo Día. http://www.elnuevodia.com/campeoncarlosarroyodelacopadeturquia-1195225.html.
- ^ "Arroyo es campeón". El Nuevo Día. April 30, 2012. http://www.elnuevodia.com/arroyoescampeon-1246501.html.
- ^ "Puerto Rico 92, USA 73". Usabasketball.com. http://www.usabasketball.com/seniormen/2004/04_moly1_box.html. Retrieved December 18, 2011.
- ^ Raúl Álzaga Sánchez-Bretón (July 21, 2008). "Lesión ‘noqueó’ a Arroyo" (in Spanish). Primera Hora. http://www.primerahora.com/noticia/baloncesto/accion_deportiva/lesion_noqueo_a_arroyo/212448. Retrieved July 21, 2008. [dead link]
- ^ José Ayala Gordián (July 13, 2010). "Deportes" (in Spanish). José Juan Barea y Carlos Arroyo: el dúo dinámico boricua. Primera Hora.
- ^ Wilson Tavárez (July 12, 2010). "Puerto Rico campeón de CentroBasket 2010" (in Spanish). DiaDeportivo.com. http://diadeportivo.com/noticia.php?noticiaId=8612&nombre=Puerto-Rico-campe%F3n-de-CentroBasket-2010. Retrieved July 13, 2010. [dead link]
- ^ "Yardbreaker: Carlos Arroyo, Miami Heat resident Reggaeton singer". Yardbarker.com. http://www.yardbarker.com/nba/articles/Carlos_Arroyo_Miami_Heat_resident_Reggaeton_Singer/3036187. Retrieved December 18, 2011.
- ^ Devine, Dan (April 20, 2011). "Yahoo! Sports: Miami Beat: Carlos Arroyo releases new reggaeton single". Sports.yahoo.com. http://sports.yahoo.com/nba/blog/ball_dont_lie/post/Miami-beat-Carlos-Arroyo-releases-new-reggaeton?urn=nba-261750. Retrieved December 18, 2011.
- ^ Miami beat: Carlos Arroyo releases new reggaeton single
- ^ a b "Carlos Arroyo está como pez en el agua" (in Spanish). Primera Hora. October 13, 2009. http://www.primerahora.com/diario/noticia/baloncesto/acciondeportiva/carlos_arroyo_esta_como_pez_en_el_agua/337319#comentarios. Retrieved October 13, 2009.
- ^ "Hoop Dreams Are Made of This". Florida International University. http://advserv2.fiu.edu/NetCommunity/Page.aspx?pid=431.
- ^ Miami Heat's Carlos Arroyo has no interest in All-Star three-point contest on The Palm Beach Post; Skolnick, Ethan J. (January 3, 2011)
- ^ Fuera de Accion Arroyo
- ^ Alex Figueroa Cancel (July 3, 2008). "Carlos Arroyo solidario con los pequeños" (in Spanish). Primera Hora. http://www.primerahora.com/noticia/baloncesto/accion_deportiva/carlos_arroyo_solidario_con_los_pequenos/206584. Retrieved July 5, 2008. [dead link]
External links[link]
- NBA.com Profile – Carlos Arroyo
- Euroleague.net Profile – Carlos Arroyo
- Carlos Arroyo at Basketball-Reference.com
- Official Website
- Carlos Arroyo Player Profile (InterBasket)
- Carlos Arroyo at NBAwire.com
- ESPN Profile
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Arroyo, Carlos |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Puerto Rican basketball player |
| Date of birth | 1979-07-30 |
| Place of birth | Fajardo, Puerto Rico |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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Wiki Summary
Gard (French pronunciation: [ɡaʁ]; Occitan: Gard) is a département located in southern France in the Languedoc-Roussillon region.
The department is named after the River Gardon, and the Occitan name of the river has been replacing the French name of the department in recent decades, even among French speakers.
The Gard area was settled by the Romans in classical times. It was crossed by the Via Domitia, which was constructed in 118 BC.
Gard is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on March 4, 1790. It was created from the ancient province of Languedoc.
It was originally intended to include the canton of Ganges in the department which would have been geographically logical, but Ganges was transferred to the neighbouring department of Hérault at the outset. In return, Gard received from Hérault the fishing port of Aigues Mortes which gave the department its own outlet to the Gulf of Lion.
During the middle of the nineteenth century the prefecture, traditionally a centre of commerce with a manufacturing sector focused on textiles, was an early beneficiary of railway development, becoming an important railway junction. Several luxurious hotels were built, and the improved market access provided by the railways also encouraged, initially, a rapid growth in wine growing: however, many of the department's viticulturalists were ruined by the arrival in 1872 of phylloxera.
