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![Sugar Ray Leonard vs Thomas Hearns l - [1/6]](http://web.archive.org./web/20130106040942im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/mhX72YHFGFs/default.jpg "16th of September, 1981....................................Caesars Palace, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States______________________________________________tags: sugar ray leonard thomas tommy hearns thommy full fight high quality high definition hq hd boxing round part roberto duran marvin hagler")
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Argentina
Argentina
i/ˌɑrdʒənˈtiːnə/, officially the Argentine Republic (Spanish: República Argentina [reˈpuβlika aɾxenˈtina]), is a country in South America, the continent's second largest by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires. It is the eighth-largest country in the world by land area and the largest among Spanish-speaking nations.
Argentina's continental area is between the Andes mountain range in the west and the Atlantic Ocean in the east. It borders Paraguay and Bolivia to the north, Brazil and Uruguay to the northeast, and Chile to the west and south. Argentine claims over Antarctica, as well as overlapping claims made by Chile and the United Kingdom, are suspended by the Antarctic Treaty of 1961. Argentina also claims the Falkland Islands (Spanish: Islas Malvinas) and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, which are administered by the United Kingdom as British Overseas Territories.
A recognised middle power, Argentina is Latin America's third-largest economy, with a "very high" rating on the Human development index. Within Latin America, Argentina has the fifth highest nominal GDP per capita and the highest in purchasing power terms. Analysts have argued that the country has a "foundation for future growth due to its market size, levels of foreign direct investment, and percentage of high-tech exports as share of total manufactured goods", and it is classed by investors as middle emerging economy. Argentina is a founding member of the United Nations, Mercosur, the Union of South American Nations, the Organization of Ibero-American States, the World Bank Group and the World Trade Organization, and is one of the G-15 and G-20 major economies.
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Arizona
Arizona (i/ɛrɪˈzoʊnə/; /ærɪˈzoʊnə/) (Navajo: Hoozdo Hahoodzo; O'odham: Alĭ ṣonak) is a state of the United States, located in the southwestern region of the country. Arizona is also part of the Western United States and of the Mountain West states. Arizona is the sixth most extensive and the 16th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix. The second largest city is Tucson, followed in population by eight cities of the Phoenix metropolitan area: Mesa, Chandler, Glendale, Scottsdale, Gilbert, Tempe, Peoria, and Surprise.
Arizona is the 48th state and last of the contiguous states to be admitted to the Union, and it achieved statehood on February 14, 1912. Arizona is noted for its desert climate in its southern half, where there are very hot summers and quite mild winters. The northern half of Arizona also features forests of pine, Douglas fir, and spruce trees, a very large, high plateau (the Colorado Plateau) and some mountain ranges—such as the San Francisco Mountains—as well as large, deep canyons, where there is much more moderate weather for three seasons of the year, plus significant snowfalls. There are ski resorts in the areas of Flagstaff and Alpine.
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Australia
Australia (
/əˈstreɪljə/), officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent as well as the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area. Neighbouring countries include Indonesia, East Timor and Papua New Guinea to the north; the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and New Caledonia to the north-east; and New Zealand to the south-east.
For at least 40,000 years before European settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who belonged to one or more of roughly 250 language groups. After discovery by Dutch explorers in 1606, Australia's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain in 1770 and settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788. The population grew steadily in subsequent decades; the continent was explored and an additional five self-governing Crown Colonies were established.
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Baltimore
Baltimore ( /ˈbɒltɨmɔr/, colloquially /ˈbɔl.mɔr/) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Maryland. It is located in the central area of the state along the tidal portion of the Patapsco River, an arm of the Chesapeake Bay. The independent city is often referred to as Baltimore City to distinguish it from surrounding Baltimore County.
Founded in 1729, Baltimore is the largest seaport in the Mid-Atlantic United States and is situated closer to Midwestern markets than any other major seaport on the East Coast. Baltimore's Inner Harbor was once the second leading port of entry for immigrants to the United States and a major manufacturing center. After a decline in manufacturing, Baltimore shifted to a service-oriented economy.
At 620,961 residents in 2010, Baltimore's population has decreased by one-third since its peak in 1950. The Baltimore Metropolitan Area has grown steadily to approximately 2.7 million residents in 2010; the 20th largest in the country. Baltimore is also a principal city in the larger Baltimore–Washington combined statistical area of approximately 8.4 million residents.
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Boston
Boston (pronounced /ˈbɒstən/ or locally /ˈbɔstən/ (
listen)) is the capital of and largest city in Massachusetts, and is one of the oldest cities in the United States. The largest city in New England, Boston is regarded as the unofficial "Capital of New England" for its economic and cultural impact on the entire New England region. The city proper, covering only 48.43 square miles, had a population of 617,594 according to the 2010 U.S. Census. Boston is also the anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area called Greater Boston, home to 4.5 million people and the tenth-largest metropolitan area in the country. Greater Boston as a commuting region is home to 7.6 million people, making it the fifth-largest Combined Statistical Area in the United States.
In 1630, Puritan colonists from England founded the city on the Shawmut Peninsula. During the late 18th century, Boston was the location of several major events during the American Revolution, including the Boston Massacre and the Boston Tea Party. Several early battles of the American Revolution, such as the Battle of Bunker Hill and the Siege of Boston, occurred within the city and surrounding areas. Through land reclamation and municipal annexation, Boston has expanded beyond the peninsula. After American independence was attained Boston became a major shipping port and manufacturing center, and its rich history now helps attract many tourists, with Faneuil Hall alone attracting over 20 million every year. The city was the site of several firsts, including America's first public school, Boston Latin School (1635), and the first subway system in the United States (1897).
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Caesars Palace
Caesars Palace is a luxury hotel and casino located on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada, an unincorporated township in Clark County, Nevada, United States in the Las Vegas metropolitan area. Caesars Palace is owned and operated by Caesars Entertainment Corporation. Caesars is located on the west side of the Strip, between the Bellagio and the Mirage. The hotel includes a convention facility of over 300,000 square feet (28,000 m2).
Caesars has 3,960 rooms in six towers: Augustus, Centurion, Roman, Palace, Octavius, and Forum. The Forum tower features guest suites with 1,000 square feet (93 m2) of space. It is the only venue in Las Vegas to host a World Series of Poker Circuit Event.
In 1962, Jay Sarno, a cabana motel owner, used US$35 million that had been lent to him by the Teamsters Central States Pension Fund to begin plans for a hotel on land owned by Kirk Kerkorian. Sarno would later act as designer of the hotel he planned to construct.
Building of the 14-story Caesars Palace hotel began in 1962. That first tower would have 680 rooms on the 34 acre (138,000 m2) site.
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Canada
Canada ( /ˈkænədə/) is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean. Spanning over 9,900,000 km2 (3,800,000 sq mi), Canada is the world's second-largest country by total area, and its common border with the United States is the longest land border in the world.
The land that is now Canada has been inhabited for millennia by various Aboriginal peoples. Beginning in the late 15th century, British and French colonial expeditions explored, and later settled, along the region's Atlantic coast. France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 after the Seven Years' War. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces. This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy; the Canada Act 1982 severed the vestiges of legal dependence on Britain.
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Colombia
Colombia (
/kəˈlʌmbiə/ kə-LUM-biə, or /kəˈlɒmbiə/ kə-LOM-biə), officially the Republic of Colombia (Spanish: República de Colombia [reˈpuβlika ðe koˈlombja]), is a unitary constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments. The country is located in northwestern South America, bordered to the northwest by Panama; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; and to the west by the Pacific Ocean. Colombia has maritime borders with Ecuador, Panama, Venezuela, Jamaica, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica. Colombia is the 26th largest country by area and the fourth largest in South America after Brazil, Argentina and Peru. With over 46 million people, Colombia is the 27th largest country in the world by population and has the second largest population of any Spanish-speaking country in the world, after Mexico. Colombia is a middle power, with the fourth largest economy in Latin America, and the third largest in South America. Colombia is famous for the production of coffee, flowers, emeralds, coal, and oil. All of these products make up the primary sector of economy.
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Connecticut
Connecticut (i/kəˈnɛtɨkət/) is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, and the state of New York to the west and the south (with which it shares a water boundary in Long Island Sound).
Connecticut is named for the Connecticut River, the major U.S. river that approximately bisects the state. Its capital city is Hartford. Much of southern and western Connecticut (along with the majority of the state's population) is part of the New York metropolitan area; three of Connecticut's eight counties are statistically included in the New York City combined statistical area, the same area is widely referred to as the Tri-State area. Connecticut's center of population is in Cheshire, New Haven County, which is also located within the Tri-State area.
Connecticut is the 3rd least extensive, the 29th most populous, and 4th most densely populated of the 50 United States. Called the Constitution State, Nutmeg State, and "The Land of Steady Habits", Connecticut was influential in the development of the federal government of the United States.
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Detroit
Detroit ( /diˈtrɔɪt/) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan, and the seat of Wayne County. It is the major city among the primary cultural, financial, and transportation centers in the Metro Detroit area, a region of 5.2 million people, and serves as a major port on the Detroit River connecting the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. It was founded on July 24, 1701, by the French explorer, adventurer, and nobleman Antoine de la Mothe, sieur de Cadillac.
In 2010, the city had a population of 713,777 and ranked as the 18th most populous city in the United States. The name Detroit sometimes refers to the Metro Detroit area with a population of 4,296,250 for the six-county Metropolitan Statistical Area, the United States' eleventh-largest, and a population of 5,218,852 for the nine-county Combined Statistical Area as of the 2010 Census. The Detroit–Windsor area, a critical commercial link straddling the Canada–U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000.
Known as the world's traditional automotive center, "Detroit" is a metonym for the American automobile industry and an important source of popular music legacies celebrated by the city's two familiar nicknames, the Motor City and Motown. Other nicknames arose in the 20th century, including City of Champions beginning in the 1930s for its successes in individual and team sport,The D, D-Town, Hockeytown (a trademark owned by the city's NHL club, the Red Wings), Rock City (after the Kiss song "Detroit Rock City"), and The 313 (its telephone area code) Detroit became known as the "great arsenal of democracy" for its support of the U.S. role among the Allied powers during World War II.
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Dominican Republic
The Dominican Republic (i/dəˌmɪnɨkən rɨˈpʌblɪk/; Spanish: República Dominicana [reˈpuβlika ðominiˈkana]) is a nation on the island of Hispaniola, part of the Greater Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean region. The western third of the island is occupied by the nation of Haiti, making Hispaniola one of two Caribbean islands that are shared by two countries. Both by area and population, the Dominican Republic is the second largest Caribbean nation (after Cuba), with 48,442 square kilometres (18,704 sq mi) and an estimated 10 million people.
Taínos inhabited what is now the Dominican Republic since the 7th century. Christopher Columbus landed on it in 1492, and it became the site of the first permanent European settlement in the Americas, namely Santo Domingo, the country's capital and Spain's first capital in the New World. Santo Domingo can boast of many firsts in the Americas, including the first cathedral, and castle, both in the Ciudad Colonial area, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
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Houston
Houston ( /ˈhjuːstən/) (Alibamu: Yosti ) is the largest city in the state of Texas, and the fourth-largest city in the United States. According to the 2010 U.S. Census, the city had a population of 2.1 million people within an area of 656.3 square miles (1,700 km2). Houston is the seat of Harris County and the economic center of Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown, which is the fifth-largest metropolitan area in the United States, with 6.08 million people as of July 1st, 2011.
Houston was founded in 1836 on land near the banks of Buffalo Bayou. It was incorporated as a city on June 5, 1837, and named after then-President of the Republic of Texas—former General Sam Houston—who had commanded at the Battle of San Jacinto, which took place 25 miles (40 km) east of where the city was established. The burgeoning port and railroad industry, combined with oil discovery in 1901, has induced continual surges in the city's population. In the mid-twentieth century, Houston became the home of the Texas Medical Center—the world's largest concentration of healthcare and research institutions—and NASA's Johnson Space Center, where the Mission Control Center is located.
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Las Vegas Valley
The Las Vegas Valley is a metropolitan area in the southern part of the US state of Nevada, and is the heart of the Las Vegas–Paradise, NV MSA also known as the Las Vegas–Paradise–Henderson MSA which includes all of Clark County, Nevada. The Valley is defined by the Las Vegas Valley landform, a 600 sq mi (1,600 km2) basin area that contains the largest concentration of people in the state. The history of the Valley significantly intertwines with the history of the city of Las Vegas and one of the two primary cities (as used by the census bureau) in the MSA, with the other being Paradise. The valley is home to the three largest incorporated cities in Nevada: Las Vegas, Henderson and North Las Vegas.
The names Las Vegas and Vegas are used to indicate the valley, the strip, the city and are used as a brand by the Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority and used to denominate the entire region. The metropolitan area's population was at 741,459 in 1990. The population was approximately 2 million in 2010 (estimated). The valley is an area generally defined by the Spring Mountains on the west, Sheep Mountains to the north, Muddy Mountains and Lake Mead to the east, and the Black Mountains to the south.[citation needed]
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Louisiana
Louisiana (i/luːˌiːziˈænə/ or i/ˌluːziˈænə/; French: État de Louisiane, [lwizjan] ( listen); Louisiana Creole: Léta de la Lwizyàn) is a state located in the southern region of the United States of America. Louisiana is the 31st most extensive and the 25th most populous of the 50 United States. Its capital is Baton Rouge and largest city is New Orleans. Louisiana is the only state in the U.S. with political subdivisions termed parishes, which are local governments equivalent to counties. The largest parish by population is East Baton Rouge Parish, and the largest by land area is Cameron Parish.
Much of the state was formed from sediment washed down the Mississippi River, leaving enormous deltas and vast areas of coastal marsh and swamp. These contain a rich southern biota; typical examples include birds such as ibis and egrets. There are also many species of tree frogs, and fish such as sturgeon and paddlefish. In more elevated areas, fire is a natural process in the landscape, and has produced extensive areas of longleaf pine forest and wet savannas. These support an exceptionally large number of plant species including many species of orchids and carnivorus plants.
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Maine
Maine (i/ˈmeɪn/) is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east and south, New Hampshire to the west, and the Canadian provinces of Quebec to the northwest and New Brunswick to the northeast. Maine is both the northernmost and easternmost portion of New England. It is known for its scenery—its jagged, mostly rocky coastline, its low, rolling mountains, its heavily forested interior and picturesque waterways—as well as for its seafood cuisine, especially lobsters and clams.
For thousands of years, indigenous peoples were the only inhabitants of the territory that is now Maine. At the time of European encounter, several Algonquian-speaking peoples inhabited the area. The first European settlement in Maine was by the French in 1604 on Saint Croix Island, by Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Mons. The first English settlement in Maine, the short-lived Popham Colony, was established by the Plymouth Company in 1607. A number of English settlements were established along the coast of Maine in the 1620s, although the rugged climate, deprivations, and conflict with the local peoples caused many to fail over the years. As Maine entered the 18th century, only a half dozen European settlements survived. Patriot and British forces contended for Maine's territory during the American Revolution and the War of 1812. Maine was part of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts until 1820, when it voted to secede from Massachusetts. On March 15, 1820, it was admitted to the Union as the 23rd state under the Missouri Compromise. Maine is the 39th most extensive and the 41st most populous of the 50 United States.
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Maryland
Maryland (i/ˈmɛrɨlənd/) is a U.S. state located in the Mid Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware to its east. Maryland was the seventh state to ratify the United States Constitution, and three nicknames for it (the Old Line State, the Free State, and the Chesapeake Bay State) are occasionally used. Maryland is the 9th smallest state by area, but the 19th most populous and the 5th most densely populated of the 50 United States. The state's most populated city is Baltimore. Its capital is Annapolis. It was named after Queen Henrietta Maria.
Maryland has an area of 12,406.68 square miles (32,133.2 km2) and is comparable in overall area with the European country of Belgium (11,787 square miles (30,530 km2)). It is the 42nd largest/9th smallest state, and is closest in size to Hawaii (10,930.98 square miles (28,311.1 km2)), the next smallest state. The next largest state, Maryland's neighbor West Virginia, is almost twice the size of Maryland (24,229.76 square miles (62,754.8 km2)).
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Massachusetts
Massachusetts (i/ˌmæsəˈtʃuːsɨts/), officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is a U.S. state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. It is bordered by Rhode Island and Connecticut to the south, New York to the west, and Vermont and New Hampshire to the north; at its east lies the Atlantic Ocean. Massachusetts is the 7th least extensive, but the 14th most populous and the 3rd most densely populated of the 50 United States. The state features two separate metropolitan areas – the eastern Boston metropolitan area and the western Springfield metropolitan area. Approximately two thirds of the state's population lives in Greater Boston, most of which is either urban or suburban. Western Massachusetts features one urban area – the Knowledge Corridor along the Connecticut River – and a mix of college towns and rural areas. Massachusetts is the most populous of the six New England states and has the US's sixth highest GDP per capita.
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Mexico
Mexico (i/ˈmɛksɨkoʊ/; Spanish: México, IPA: [ˈmexiko] ( listen)), officially the United Mexican States (Spanish: Estados Unidos Mexicanos (help·info)), is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States of America; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost two million square kilometres (over 760,000 sq mi), Mexico is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the thirteenth largest independent nation in the world. With an estimated population of over 113 million, it is the eleventh most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country. Mexico is a federation comprising thirty-one states and a Federal District, the capital city.
In Pre-Columbian Mexico many cultures matured into advanced civilizations such as the Olmec, the Toltec, the Teotihuacan, the Zapotec, the Maya and the Aztec before the first contact with Europeans. In 1521, Spain conquered and colonized the territory from its base in México-Tenochtitlan, which was administered as the Viceroyalty of New Spain. This territory would eventually become Mexico as the colony's independence was recognized in 1821. The post-independence period was characterized by economic instability, the Mexican-American War and territorial cession to the United States, a civil war, two empires and a domestic dictatorship. The latter led to the Mexican Revolution in 1910, which culminated with the promulgation of the 1917 Constitution and the emergence of the country's current political system. Elections held in July 2000 marked the first time that an opposition party won the presidency from the Institutional Revolutionary Party.
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Michigan
Michigan (i/ˈmɪʃɨɡən/) is a state located in the Great Lakes region of the Midwestern United States. The name Michigan is the French form of the Ojibwa word mishigamaa, meaning "large water" or "large lake". Michigan is the 8th most populous of the 50 United States, with the 11th most extensive total area. Its capital is Lansing, and the largest city is Detroit. Michigan was admitted into the Union on January 26, 1837 as the 26th state.
Michigan has the longest freshwater coastline of any political subdivision in the world, being bounded by four of the five Great Lakes, plus Lake Saint Clair. Michigan is one of the leading U.S. states for recreational boating. The state has 64,980 inland lakes and ponds. A person in the state is never more than six miles (9.7 km) from a natural water source or more than 85 miles (137 km) from a Great Lakes shoreline. It is the largest state by total area east of the Mississippi River.
Michigan is the only state to consist of two peninsulas. The Lower Peninsula, to which the name Michigan was originally applied, is often noted to be shaped like a mitten. The Upper Peninsula (often referred to as "the U.P.") is separated from the Lower Peninsula by the Straits of Mackinac, a five-mile (8 km) channel that joins Lake Huron to Lake Michigan. The two peninsulas are connected by the Mackinac Bridge. The Upper Peninsula is economically important due to its status as a tourist destination. There is also a variety of natural resources to be found there, including a sizable amount of iron ore.
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Montreal
Montreal (
i/ˌmʌntriːˈɒl/;French: Montréal; pronounced [mɔ̃ʁeal] (
listen)) is a city in Canada. It is the largest city in the province of Quebec, the second-largest city in Canada and the fifteenth largest in North America. Originally called Ville-Marie, or "City of Mary", the city takes its present name from Mount Royal, the triple-peaked hill located in the heart of the city, or Mont Réal as it was spelled in Middle French (Mont Royal in present French). The city is located on the Island of Montreal, which took its name from the same source as the city, and a few much smaller peripheral islands, the largest of which is Île Bizard.
As of May 10, 2011, Statistics Canada identifies Montreal's Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) (land area 4,259 square kilometres (1,644 sq mi)) as Canada's second most populous with an estimated metropolitan area population of 3,824,221 and a population of 1,886,481 in the urban agglomeration of Montreal, which includes all of the municipalities on the Island of Montreal. The city of Montreal proper had a population of 1,649,519.
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Moscow
Moscow ( /ˈmɒskaʊ/ or /ˈmɒskoʊ/; Russian: Москва́, tr. Moskva; IPA: [mɐˈskva] ( listen)) is the capital and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural and scientific center of Russia and the continent. Moscow is the northernmost megacity on Earth, the most populous city in Europe, and the 6th largest city proper in the world. Its population, according to the results of the 2010 Census, is 11,503,501. Based on Forbes 2011, Moscow has the largest community of billionaires in the world.
Moscow is situated on the Moskva River in the Central Federal District of European Russia. In the course of its history the city has served as the capital of a progression of states, from the medieval Grand Duchy of Moscow and the subsequent Tsardom of Russia to the Soviet Union. Moscow is the site of the Moscow Kremlin, an ancient fortress that is today the residence of the Russian President and of the executive branch of the Government of Russia. The Kremlin is also one of several World Heritage Sites in the city. Both chambers of the Russian parliament (the State Duma and the Federation Council) also sit in Moscow.
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Netherlands
The Netherlands (i/ˈnɛðərləndz/; Dutch: Nederland [ˈneːdə(r)lɑnt] or [ˈneɪ̯də(r)lɑnt] ( listen); West Frisian: Nederlân; Papiamento: Hulanda) is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with some islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders with Belgium, Germany and the United Kingdom. It is a parliamentary democracy organised as a unitary state. The country capital is Amsterdam and the seat of government is The Hague. The Netherlands in its entirety is often referred to as Holland, although North and South Holland are actually only two of its twelve provinces (a case of pars pro toto; see terminology of "the Netherlands").
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Nevada
Nevada (i/nəˈvædə/ or /nəˈvɒdə/) is a state in the western, mountain west, and southwestern regions of the United States. Nevada is the 7th most extensive, the 35th most populous, and the 9th least densely populated of the 50 United States. Over two-thirds of Nevada's people live in one single county, Clark County, which contains the Las Vegas–Paradise metropolitan area, where the state's three largest incorporated cities are located. Nevada's capital is Carson City.
Nevada is largely desert and semiarid, with much of it located within the Great Basin. Areas south of the Great Basin are located within the Mojave Desert, while Lake Tahoe and the Sierra Nevada mountains lie on the western edge. Approximately 86% of the state's land is owned by the US government under various jurisdictions, both civilian and military.
The name Nevada is derived from the nearby Sierra Nevada mountains, which means "snow-capped mountain range" in Spanish. The land comprising the modern state was inhabited by Native Americans of the Paiute, Shoshone, and Washoe tribes prior to European contact. It was subsequently claimed by Spain as a part of Alta California until the Mexican War of Independence brought it under Mexican control. The United States gained the territory in 1848 following its victory in the Mexican-American War and the area was eventually incorporated as part of Utah Territory in 1850. The discovery of silver at the Comstock Lode in 1859 led to a population boom that was an impetus to the creation of Nevada Territory out of western Utah Territory in 1861. Nevada became the 36th state on October 31, 1864.
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New Jersey
New Jersey (i/nuː ˈdʒɜrzi/) is a state in the Northeastern and Middle Atlantic regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by the U.S. state of New York, on the southeast and south by the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Pennsylvania, and on the southwest by Delaware. New Jersey is the 4th least extensive, but the 11th most populous and the most densely populated of the 50 United States. New Jersey lies mostly within the sprawling metropolitan areas of New York City and Philadelphia. It is also the third wealthiest by 2009–2010 median household income.
The area was inhabited by Native Americans for more than 2,800 years, with historical tribes such as the Lenape along the coast. In the early 17th century, the Dutch and the Swedes made the first European settlements. The British later seized control of the region, naming it the Province of New Jersey. It was granted as a colony to Sir George Carteret and John Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton. At this time, it was named after the largest of the British Channel Islands, Jersey, Carteret's birthplace. New Jersey was the site of several decisive battles during the American Revolutionary War.
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New Orleans
New Orleans ( /nuː ˈɔrliənz/ or /ˈnuː ɔrˈliːnz/, locally /nuː ˈɔrlənz/ or /ˈnɔrlənz/; French: La Nouvelle-Orléans [la nuvɛlɔʁleɑ̃] ( listen)) is a major United States port and the largest city and metropolitan area in the state of Louisiana. The population of the city proper was 343,829 as of the 2010 U.S. Census. The New Orleans metropolitan area (New Orleans–Metairie–Kenner Metropolitan Statistical Area) had a population of 1,167,764 in 2010 and was the 46th largest in the United States. The New Orleans–Metairie–Bogalusa Combined Statistical Area, a larger trading area, had a 2010 population of 1,214,932.
The city is named after Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans, Regent of France, and is well known for its distinct French Creole architecture, as well as its cross-cultural and multilingual heritage. New Orleans is also famous for its cuisine, music (particularly as the birthplace of jazz), and its annual celebrations and festivals, most notably Mardi Gras. The city is often referred to as the "most unique" in America.
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New York
New York (/njuː ˈjɔrk/; locally IPA: [nɪu ˈjɔək] or [nuː ˈjɔɹk] ( listen)) is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. New York is the 27th most extensive, the 3rd most populous, and the 7th most densely populated of the 50 United States. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east. The state has a maritime border with Rhode Island east of Long Island, as well as an international border with the Canadian provinces of Ontario to the west and north, and Quebec to the north. The state of New York is often referred to as New York State to distinguish it from New York City.
New York City, with a population of over 8.1 million, is the most populous city in the United States. Alone, it makes up over 40 percent of the population of New York state. It is known for its status as a center for finance and culture and for its status as the largest gateway for immigration to the United States. According to the U.S. Department of Commerce, New York City is also a destination of choice for many foreign visitors. Both the state and city were named for the 17th century Duke of York, James Stuart, future James II and VII of England and Scotland.
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New York City
New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. The city is referred to as New York City or The City of New York to distinguish it from the State of New York, of which it is a part. As a global power city, New York exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment. The home of the United Nations Headquarters, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural capital of the world.
Located on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which comprises a state county. The five boroughs—The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island—were consolidated into a single city in 1898. With a Census-estimated 2011 population of 8,244,910 distributed over a land area of just 305 square miles (790 km2), New York is the most densely populated major city in the United States. As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world. The New York City Metropolitan Area's population is the United States' largest, with 18.9 million people distributed over 6,720 square miles (17,400 km2), and is also part of the most populous combined statistical area in the United States, containing 22.1 million people as of the 2010 Census.
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Ohio
Ohio (i/oʊˈhaɪ.oʊ/) is a state in the Midwestern United States. Ohio is the 34th most extensive, the 7th most populous, and the 10th most densely populated of the 50 United States. The state's capital and largest city is Columbus.
The name "Ohio" originated from Iroquois word ohi-yo’, meaning "great river". The state, originally partitioned from the Northwest Territory, was admitted to the Union as the 17th state (and the first under the Northwest Ordinance) on March 1, 1803. Although there are conflicting narratives regarding the origin of the nickname, Ohio is historically known as the "Buckeye State" (relating to the Ohio buckeye tree) and Ohioans are also known as "Buckeyes".
The government of Ohio is composed of the executive branch, led by the Governor; the legislative branch, which comprises the Ohio General Assembly; and the judicial branch, which is led by the Supreme Court. Currently, Ohio occupies 18 seats in the United States House of Representatives. Ohio is known for its status as both a swing state and a bellwether in national elections.
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Panama
Panama (i/ˈpænəmɑː/ PAN-ə-mah; Spanish: Panamá), officially the Republic of Panama (Spanish: República de Panamá [reˈpuβlika ðe panaˈma]), is the southernmost country of Central America. Situated on the isthmus connecting North and South America, it is bordered by Costa Rica to the west, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the south. The capital is Panama City. Explored and settled by the Spanish in the 16th century, Panama broke with Spain in 1821 and joined a union of Nueva Granada, Ecuador, and Venezuela, named the Republic of Gran Colombia.When Gran Colombia the dissolved in 1831, Panama and Nueva Granada remained joined. Nueva Granada later became the Republic of Colombia.
With the backing of the United States, Panama seceded from Colombia in 1903, allowing the Panama Canal to be built by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers between 1904 and 1914. In 1977, an agreement was signed for the complete transfer of the Canal from the United States to Panama by the end of the century.
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Poland
Polandi/ˈpoʊlənd/ (Polish: Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Polish: Rzeczpospolita Polska; Kashubian: Pòlskô Repùblika; Silesian: Polsko Republika), is a country in Central Europe, bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north. The total area of Poland is 312,679 square kilometres (120,726 sq mi), making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. Poland has a population of over 38 million people, which makes it the 34th most populous country in the world and the sixth most populous member of the European Union, being its most populous post-communist member. Poland is a unitary state made up of 16 voivodeships. Poland is a member of the European Union, NATO, the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), European Economic Area, International Energy Agency, Council of Europe, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, International Atomic Energy Agency, G6, Council of the Baltic Sea States, Visegrád Group, Weimar Triangle and Schengen Agreement.
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Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico (/ˌpɔrtə ˈriːkoʊ/ or /ˌpwɛərtə ˈriːkoʊ/), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (Spanish: Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, [esˈtaðo ˈlibɾe asoˈsjaðo ðe ˈpweɾto ˈriko]—literally, "Associated Free State of Puerto Rico"), is an unincorporated territory of the United States, located in the northeastern Caribbean, east of the Dominican Republic and west of both the United States Virgin Islands and the British Virgin Islands.
Puerto Rico (Spanish for "rich port") comprises an archipelago that includes the main island of Puerto Rico and a number of smaller islands, the largest of which are Vieques, Culebra, and Mona. The main island of Puerto Rico is the smallest by land area of the Greater Antilles. However, it ranks third in population amongst that group of four islands, which also include Cuba, Hispaniola (Dominican Republic and Haiti), and Jamaica. Due to its location, Puerto Rico enjoys a tropical climate and also experiences the Atlantic hurricane season.
Originally populated for centuries by indigenous aboriginal peoples known as Taínos, the island was claimed by Christopher Columbus for Spain during his second voyage to the Americas on November 19, 1493. Under Spanish rule, the island was colonized and the indigenous population was forced into slavery and nearly wiped out due to, among other things, European infectious diseases. The remaining population was emancipated by King Charles I in 1520. Spain possessed Puerto Rico for over 400 years, despite attempts at capture of the island by the French, Dutch, and British. The Spanish Crown, in an attempt to keep Puerto Rico from gaining its independence, revived the Royal Decree of Graces of 1815. The decree was printed in three languages — Spanish, English and French — and it fostered the immigration of hundreds of non-Spanish European families.
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Quebec
Coordinates: 53°45′N 071°59′W / 53.75°N 71.983°W / 53.75; -71.983 (Quebec)
Quebec /kwəˈbɛk/ or /kəˈbɛk/ (French: Québec [kebɛk] ( listen)) is a province in east-central Canada. It is the only Canadian province with a predominantly French-speaking population and the only one whose sole official language is French at the provincial level.
Quebec is Canada's largest province by area and its second-largest administrative division; only the territory of Nunavut is larger. It is bordered to the west by the province of Ontario, James Bay and Hudson Bay, to the north by Hudson Strait and Ungava Bay, to the east by the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the provinces of Newfoundland and Labrador and New Brunswick. It is bordered on the south by the US states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, and New York. It also shares maritime borders with Nunavut, Prince Edward Island, and Nova Scotia.
Quebec is Canada's second most populous province, after Ontario. Most inhabitants live in urban areas near the Saint Lawrence River between Montreal and Quebec City, the capital. English-speaking communities and English-language institutions are concentrated in the west of the island of Montreal but are also significantly present in the Outaouais, Eastern Townships, and Gaspé regions. The Nord-du-Québec region, occupying the northern half of the province, is sparsely populated and inhabited primarily by Aboriginal peoples.
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Rhode Island
Rhode Island (i/ˌroʊd ˈaɪlɨnd/ or /rɵˈdaɪlɨnd/), officially the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, is a state in the New England region of the United States. Rhode Island is the smallest in area, the 8th least populous, but the 2nd most densely populated of the 50 United States. Rhode Island is bordered by Connecticut to the west and Massachusetts to the north and east, and it shares a water boundary with New York's Long Island to the southwest.
Rhode Island was the first of the 13 original colonies to declare independence from British rule, declaring itself independent on May 4, 1776, two months before any other state in the whole U.S. and the convention. The state was also the last to ratify the United States Constitution.
Rhode Island's official nickname is "The Ocean State", a reference to the state's geography, since Rhode Island has several large bays and inlets that amount to about 14% of its total area. Its land area is 1,045 square miles (2706 km2), but its total area is significantly larger.
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Texas
Texas (i/ˈtɛksəs/) (Alibamu: Teksi ) is the second most populous and the second most extensive of the 50 United States, and the most extensive state of the 48 contiguous United States. The name, based on the Caddo word "Tejas" meaning "friends" or "allies", was applied by the Spanish to the Caddo themselves and to the region of their settlement in East Texas. Located in the South Central United States, Texas shares an international border with the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas to the south, and borders the US states of New Mexico to the west, Oklahoma to the north, Arkansas to the northeast, and Louisiana to the east. Texas has an area of 268,820 square miles (696,200 km2), and a growing population of 25.7 million residents.
During the Spanish colonial rule, the area was officially known as the Nuevo Reino de Filipinas: La Provincia de Texas. Antonio Margil de Jesús was known to be the first person to use the name in a letter to the Viceroy of Mexico in July 20, 1716. The name was not popularly used in daily speech but often appeared in legal documents until the end of the 1800s.
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The Mirage
The Mirage is a 3,044 room hotel and casino resort located on the Las Vegas Strip in Las Vegas, Nevada, United States.
The Mirage is connected by a free tram to Treasure Island. The marquee in front of the Mirage is the largest free standing marquee in the world.
The Mirage was built by developer Steve Wynn and designed by Joel Bergman. It opened in November 1989 and was the first resort that was built with the money of Wall Street through the use of junk bonds. It was built on the site, formerly occupied by the Castaways and previous to that, the Red Rooster Nite Club.
The Mirage was the most expensive hotel-casino in history, with a construction cost of US$630 million. The hotel's distinctive gold windows get their color from actual gold dust used in the tinting process.
Its construction is also considered noteworthy in that Wynn had set a new standard for Vegas resorts, and is widely considered to be the father of today's Las Vegas. Prior to The Mirage's opening, the city was experiencing a decline in tourism that began in the 70s, especially around the time that the state of New Jersey legalized gambling and tourists (in particular those on the East Coast) began to frequent the casinos of Atlantic City. Also, this was a time when Las Vegas was no longer considered a fashionable destination, so a new, high-profile, project was necessary to jump-start the ailing industry. When it opened, The Mirage was the first casino to use security cameras full time on all table games.
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Uganda
Coordinates: 1°17′N 32°23′E / 1.28°N 32.39°E / 1.28; 32.39
Uganda ( /juːˈɡændə/ yew-GAN-də or /juːˈɡɑːndə/ yew-GAHN-də), officially the Republic of Uganda, is a landlocked country in East Africa. Uganda is bordered on the east by Kenya, on the north by South Sudan, on the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, on the southwest by Rwanda, and on the south by Tanzania. The southern part of the country includes a substantial portion of Lake Victoria, which is also shared by Kenya and Tanzania.
Uganda takes its name from the Buganda kingdom, which encompasses a large portion of the south of the country including the capital Kampala.
The people of Uganda were hunter-gatherers until 1,700 to 2,300 years ago, when Bantu-speaking populations migrated to the southern parts of the country. Uganda gained independence from Britain on 9 October 1962.
The official languages are English and Swahili, although multiple other languages are spoken in the country.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea.
The United Kingdom is a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system, with its seat of government in the capital city of London. It is a country in its own right and consists of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. There are three devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in Belfast, Edinburgh and Cardiff, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Associated with the UK, but not constitutionally part of it, are three Crown Dependencies. The United Kingdom has fourteen overseas territories. These are remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in 1922, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land surface and was the largest empire in history. British influence can still be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former territories.
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United States
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
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Worcester
The City of Worcester, commonly known as Worcester, (i/ˈwʊstər/ WUUS-tər), is a city and county town of Worcestershire in the West Midlands of England. Worcester is situated some 30 miles (48 km) southwest of Birmingham and 29 miles (47 km) north of Gloucester, and has an approximate population of 94,000 people. The River Severn runs through the middle of the city, overlooked by the twelfth-century Worcester Cathedral. The site of the final battle of the Civil War, Worcester was where Oliver Cromwell's New Model Army defeated King Charles II's Cavaliers, resulting in the English Interregnum, the ten-year period during which England and Wales became a republic. Worcester was the home of Royal Worcester Porcelain and the birthplace of the composer Sir Edward Elgar. It houses the Lea and Perrins factory where the traditional Worcestershire Sauce is made, and is home to one of the UK's fastest growing universities, the University of Worcester.
Occupation of the site of Worcester can be dated back to Neolithic times, a village surrounded by defensive ramparts having been founded on the eastern bank of the River Severn in around 400 BC. The position, which commanded a ford on the river, was used in the first century by the Romans to establish what may at first have been a fort on the military route from Glevum (Gloucester) to Viroconium (Wroxeter) but which soon developed – as the frontier of the empire was pushed westwards – into an industrial town with its own pottery kilns and iron-smelting plants.
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Aaron Pryor
Aaron Pryor (born October 20, 1955) is a former boxer from Cincinnati, Ohio, and member of the International Boxing Hall of Fame. He is the former world Junior Welterweight champion, and was voted by the Associated Press as the #1 junior welterweight of the 20th century in 1999.
Pryor, nicknamed The Hawk, had a record of 204 wins and 16 losses as an amateur. He won a silver medal at the 1975 Pan American Games, and participated in the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal as an alternate. In 1972 he was the National AAU Champion at 132 lb, having outpointed Robert Newton of Boston. He beat future great Thomas Hearns in the finals of the 1976 National Golden Gloves.
Pryor turned professional on November 11, 1976, with a win over Larry Smith. In 1977, Pryor fought eight fights, winning all but two by knockout. The only two fighters who heard the final bell versus Pryor that year were Johnny Summerhayes and Jose Resto. After the fight with Summerhayes, Pryor won 26 fights in a row by knockout, in one of the longest knockout streaks in the history of boxing.
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Adolfo Viruet
Adolfo Viruet (born 29 January 1952) is a retired Puerto Rican boxer. His brother Edwin was also a professional boxer.
Viruet was a contender in the light welterweight and welterweight divisions during the late 1970s and early 1980s, fighting such opponents as Roberto Durán, Sugar Ray Leonard, Donald Curry, Bruce Curry, Pete Ranzany and Luis Resto. He retired in 1982 with a final record of 18-6-1.
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Americans
Americans, or American people, are the citizens of the United States of America. The country is home to people of different national origins. As a result, Americans do not equate their nationality with ethnicity, but with citizenship. Aside from the Native American population, nearly all Americans or their ancestors immigrated within the past five centuries.
Despite its multi-ethnic composition, the culture held in common by most Americans is referred to as mainstream American culture, a Western culture largely derived from the traditions of Western European immigrants. It also includes influences of African American culture. Westward expansion integrated the Creoles and Cajuns of Louisiana and the Hispanos of the Southwest and brought close contact with the culture of Mexico. Large-scale immigration in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries from Southern and Eastern Europe introduced a variety of elements. Immigration from Asia, Africa, and Latin America has also had impact. A cultural melting pot, or pluralistic salad bowl, describes the way in which generations of Americans have celebrated and exchanged distinctive cultural characteristics.
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Andrés Aldama
Andrés Aldama Cabrera (born April 9, 1956) was a Cuban boxer, who won the light welterweight silver medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics and the Welterweight gold medal at the 1980 Summer Olympics.
Aldama defeated John Mugabi to win the 1980 medal, and lost to Sugar Ray Leonard to capture the 1976 medal. In 1979 he won a gold medal at the Pan American Games.
1976
1980
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Andy Price
Andy Price is a British television and film composer. He has scored over fifty films for television and over twenty-five productions for theatres around the country, including the Bristol Old Vic, National Youth Theatre and the RSC.
Andy has composed the score for three series of BBC's Robin Hood and is currently[when?] scoring Law & Order: UK with Adam Lewis.
In 2002, Andy became the recipient of the Christopher Whelan Award in recognition of his recent work scoring to picture. He is also a visiting lecturer at the Royal College of Music.
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Angelo Dundee
Angelo Dundee (born Angelo Mirena; August 30, 1921 – February 1, 2012) was an American boxing trainer and cornerman. Best known for his work with Muhammad Ali (1960–1981), he also worked with 15 other world boxing champions, including Sugar Ray Leonard, José Nápoles, George Foreman, George Scott, Jimmy Ellis, Carmen Basilio, Luis Rodriguez and Willie Pastrano.
Born in Philadelphia of Italian descent, Dundee went to New York and later to Miami where he learned many of the strategies of a boxer's cornerman while acting as a "bucket man" to the great trainers of Stillman's Gym. There, his mentors included Charlie Goldman, Ray Arcel, and Chickie Ferrera. Later, his brother Chris Dundee opened the Fifth Street Gym in Miami.
Carmen Basilio was the first world champion for whom Dundee acted as a cornerman when Basilio defeated Tony DeMarco for the world welterweight crown and later Sugar Ray Robinson for the world middleweight crown.
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Anna Trebunskaya
Anna Trebunskaya (Russian: Анна Требунская; born December 28, 1980) is a Russian professional ballroom and Latin dancer, known for her appearances on Dancing with the Stars. She now lives in Los Angeles, California and dances in the International Latin style.
Anna Trebunskaya was born December 28, 1980 in Chelyabinsk, Russia. Her parents, Oleg Trebunski and Irina Trebunskaya, owned a dance studio and were professional ballroom dancers. Anna took to dancing from an early age and began dancing at the age of six in her native Russia. At the age of seven, Anna entered and won her first competition. Anna moved to the United States with her parents when she was 17 years old.
She currently resides in California with her husband and former dance partner, Jonathan Roberts. Anna, Jonathan, and Anna's mother Irina own a dance studio in Hermosa Beach, California.
In 2007, Trebunskaya and her partner Pavlo Barsuk took 6th place at the International Latin finals in America's Ballroom Challenge. Over the next several years, she continued to garner the attention of the ballroom community through a series of similar successes.[citation needed]
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Arnold Palmer
Arnold Daniel Palmer (born September 10, 1929) is an American professional golfer, who is generally regarded as one of the greatest players in the history of men's professional golf. He has won numerous events on both the PGA Tour and Champions Tour, dating back to 1955. Nicknamed "The King," he is one of golf's most popular stars and its most important trailblazer, because he was the first superstar of the sport's television age, which began in the 1950s. He is part of "The Big Three" in golf, along with Jack Nicklaus and Gary Player, who are widely credited with popularizing and commercialising the sport around the world.
Palmer won the PGA Tour Lifetime Achievement Award in 1998, and in 1974 was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame.
Palmer was born in Latrobe, Pennsylvania. He learned golf from his father, Deacon Palmer, who was head professional and greenskeeper at Latrobe Country Club, allowing young Arnold to accompany his father as he maintained the course. He attended Wake Forest University, on a golf scholarship. He left upon the death of close friend Bud Worsham and enlisted in the United States Coast Guard, where he served for three years and had some time to continue to hone his golf skills. Palmer returned to college and competitive golf. His win in the 1954 U.S. Amateur made him decide to try the pro tour for a while, and he and new bride Winifred Walzer (whom he had met at a Pennsylvania tournament) traveled the circuit for 1955.
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Arthur Ashe
Arthur Robert Ashe, Jr. (July 10, 1943 – February 6, 1993) was a former World No. 1 professional tennis player, born and raised in Richmond, Virginia. During his career, he won three Grand Slam titles, putting him among the best ever from the United States. Ashe, an African American, was the first black player ever selected to the United States Davis Cup team and the only black man to ever win the singles title at Wimbledon, the US Open, or Australian Open. He is also remembered for his efforts to further social causes.
Born in Gum Spring, Virginia, to parents Arthur Ashe Sr. and Mattie Cordell Cunningham Ashe, Arthur and his younger brother, Johnnie, suffered a tragic loss when their mother died suddenly from heart related complications during routine surgery. Arthur Ashe first attended Maggie L. Walker High School, being coached by Ronald Charity, and later coached by Robert Walter Johnson. Tired of having to travel great distances to play Caucasian youths in segregated Richmond, Ashe accepted an offer from a St. Louis tennis official to move there and attend Sumner High School. Young Ashe was recognized by Sports Illustrated for his playing.
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Ayub Kalule
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Ayub Kalule (born January 6, 1954) is a retired boxer from Uganda, who first came to prominence when he won the Amateur World Welterweight Title at the inaugural 1974 World Championships in Havana, Cuba. He turned professional and based himself in Denmark, and went on to win the light-middleweight championship. He subsequently lost the title to Sugar Ray Leonard.
Born in Kampala, he began his professional boxing career in 1976 when he won a four round decision over Kurt Hombach in Copenhagen, Denmark. Kalule would be based out of Denmark for the rest of his career. He then won 29 more victories, achieving 30 wins, 0 losses. Included in those victories were defeats of Alipata Korovou for the Commonwealth Middleweight Title and a 10 round decision of former US Gold Medalist Sugar Ray Seales.
On October 24, 1979, Kalule traveled to Akita, Japan to take on Masashi Kudo for the WBA Junior middleweight Championship of the world. Kalule easily outboxed the champion and thus captured the coveted world championship belt. He then successfully defended the title four times before taking on the legendary Sugar Ray Leonard on June 25, 1981 in the Houston Astrodome. A virtual unknown in the United States, Kalule was considered little more than a courier waiting to deliver the belt to Leonard. The fight proved much more difficult for Leonard as Kalule repeately landed straight lefts and fought on an almost even ground for the first five or six rounds. Slowly Leonard started to take control and in the 9th round ended the fight and Kalule's reign as WBA Champion.
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Bill Russell
William Felton "Bill" Russell (born February 12, 1934) is a retired American professional basketball player who played center for the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association (NBA). A five-time winner of the NBA Most Valuable Player Award and a twelve-time All-Star, Russell was the centerpiece of the Celtics dynasty that won eleven NBA Championships during Russell's thirteen-year career. Along with Henri Richard of the National Hockey League's Montreal Canadiens, Russell holds the record for the most championships won by an athlete in a North American sports league. Before his professional career, Russell led the University of San Francisco to two consecutive NCAA championships (1955, 1956). He also won a gold medal at the 1956 Summer Olympics as captain of the U.S. national basketball team.
Russell is widely considered one of the best players in NBA history. Listed as between 6'9" (2.06 m) and 6'10" (2.08 m), Russell's shot-blocking and man-to-man defense were major reasons for the Celtics' success. He also inspired his teammates to elevate their own defensive play. Russell was equally notable for his rebounding abilities. He led the NBA in rebounds four times, and remains second all-time in both total rebounds and rebounds per game. He is one of just two NBA players (the other being prominent rival Wilt Chamberlain) to have grabbed more than fifty rebounds in a game. Though never the focal point of the Celtics' offense, Russell also scored 14,522 career points and provided effective passing.
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Billie Jean King
Billie Jean King (née Moffitt; born November 22, 1943) is a former professional tennis player from the United States. She won 12 Grand Slam singles titles, 16 Grand Slam women's doubles titles, and 11 Grand Slam mixed doubles titles. King has been an advocate against sexism in sports and society. She won "The Battle of the Sexes" in 1973, in which she defeated Bobby Riggs, a former Wimbledon men's singles champion, for $100,000, winner take all. She completed a career tour all surfaces win-loss performance of 81.76% (696-165). Her win-loss performance in all Grand Slam singles tournaments was 82.00% (190-39), at the French Open 77.77% (21-6), at Wimbledon 86.36% (95-15), at the US Open 80.55% (58–14), and at the Australian Open 80.00% (16-4).
King is the founder of the Women's Tennis Association, the Women's Sports Foundation, and owner of World Team Tennis, which was founded by her former husband, Larry King, Dennis Murphy, Frank Barman, and Jordan Kaiser.
Billie Jean Moffit was born in Long Beach, California, into a conservative Methodist family, the daughter of a fireman father and housewife mother. Her younger brother Randy Moffitt grew up to become a professional baseball player, pitching for 12 years in the major leagues for the San Francisco Giants, Houston Astros, and Toronto Blue Jays.
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Bob Bourne
Robert Glen Bourne (born June 21, 1954) is a retired professional ice hockey centre who played for the New York Islanders and the Los Angeles Kings of the NHL between 1974 and 1988.
Bourne was drafted 38th overall by the Kansas City Scouts in the 1974 NHL Amateur Draft, though he would never play for the organization. On September 13, 1974, he was traded to the Islanders for Bart Crashley and the rights to Larry Hornung.
Bourne spent the entire 1974–75 season with the Islanders but found himself in the minor leagues the following year. He returned to the Islanders for the 1976–77 season, and spent the next ten seasons on Long Island, recording at least thirty goals three times and between twenty and thirty goals three others. He won the Stanley Cup 4 times — 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983. He led the Islanders in playoff scoring en route to their fourth Stanley Cup in 1983.
Bourne's career ended on a high note. He was claimed by the Los Angeles Kings on waivers in October 1986 and played 2 seasons with the Kings. In his final year in the NHL he was awarded the Bill Masterton Trophy for perseverance. He was also honored by Sports Illustrated as one of several Sportsmen of the Year in 1987, as one of eight "Athletes Who Care" for their work in humanitarian causes. Bourne was singled out for his work with a school for disabled children.
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Bobby Morrow
Bobby Joe Morrow (born October 15, 1935) is a former American athlete, winner of three Olympic gold medals in 1956. Morrow has been called "the dominant sprinter of the 1950s" and "the most relaxed sprinter of all time, even more so than his hero Jesse Owens".
Bobby Joe Morrow was born in Harlingen, Texas, and raised on a farm in San Benito, Texas. Before becoming a sprinter, Morrow played football for San Benito High School. Morrow also was a sprinter at Abilene Christian University and a member of the men's club Frater Sodalis.
Morrow won the 1955 AAU 100 yard title. His most successful season was in 1956, when he was chosen by Sports Illustrated as "Sportsman of the Year". Morrow won the sprint double in the national college championships and defended his AAU title. Morrow then went to the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Australia, where he won three gold medals and was the leader of the American sprint team.
In all, Morrow won three gold medals. First, he was victorious in the 100 meter dash. He then led an American sweep of the medals in the 200 meter dash, while equaling the World Record at that distance. He won his third gold by anchoring the 4×100 meter relay team to a World Record time. The three performances are encapsulated in this youtube video.
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Bobby Orr
Robert Gordon "Bobby" Orr, OC (born March 20, 1948) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. Orr played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for his entire career, the first ten seasons with the Boston Bruins, joining the Chicago Black Hawks for two more. Orr is widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest hockey players of all time. A defenceman, Orr used his ice skating speed and scoring and play-making abilities to revolutionize the position. As of 2011[update], Orr remains the only defenceman to have won the league scoring title with two Art Ross Trophies and holds the record for most points and assists in a single season by a defenceman. Orr won a record eight consecutive Norris Trophies as the NHL's best defenceman and three consecutive Hart Trophies as the league's most valuable player (MVP). Orr was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1979 at age 31, the youngest to that day to be inducted into the Hall.
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Bohumil Němeček
Bohumil Němeček (2 January 1938 in Tábor – 2 May 2010 in Ústí nad Labem) was a Czechoslovak welterweight boxer, who won the Light Welterweight Gold Medal at the 1960 Summer Olympics.
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Bonnie Blair
Bonnie Kathleen Blair (born March 18, 1964 in Cornwall, New York) is a retired American speedskater. She is one of the top skaters of her time, and one of the most decorated athletes in Olympic history. Blair competed for the United States in four Olympics, and in her Olympic career won five gold medals and one bronze medal.
Blair was raised in Champaign, Illinois. She attended Jefferson Middle School. After graduation from Centennial High School in Champaign, she moved to the Milwaukee area to train with the United States national speed skating team.
Blair appeared at her first Olympic games in Sarajevo in 1984. She failed to medal but finished eighth in the 500 meters. At the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, Alberta, Blair won gold in the 500 meters and bronze in the 1000 meters. In the 500 meters race, Blair set a world record by completing the event in 39.10 seconds. She won both the 500 and 1000 meters (1:21.90) again at the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, France.
Blair took advantage of a change of Olympic rules. In 1986, the International Olympic Committee voted to stage the Winter Olympics and Summer Olympics in alternating four year cycles. Thus, the next Winter Games would be held in February 1994 rather than in February 1996. The 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, Norway, were a coronation of sorts for Blair: She again won gold in the 500 meters (39.25) and 1000 (1:18.74) meters races, in dominating fashion. Blair finished 0.36 seconds ahead of the second best time in the 500 meters, and her 1.38 second margin in the 1000 meters race is the largest margin of victory in the history of the event. In the process she became the first American woman to win five gold medals. She also was the only American to have 6 medals at any Winter olympics, which record stood until Apolo Ohno tied it and then surpassed it at the 2010 Winter Olympics when he won a silver and two bronze medals in short track speed skating for eight career medals.
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Brett Favre
Brett Lorenzo Favre (born October 10, 1969) is a former American football quarterback who spent the majority of his career with the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL). He was a 20-year veteran of the NFL, having played quarterback for the Atlanta Falcons (1991), Green Bay Packers (1992–2007), New York Jets (2008) and Minnesota Vikings (2009–2010). Favre is the only quarterback in NFL history to throw for over 70,000 yards, over 500 touchdowns, over 300 interceptions, and over 10,000 pass attempts. He officially retired on January 17, 2011.
Favre started at the quarterback position for the University of Southern Mississippi for four years before being selected in the second round of the 1991 NFL Draft by Atlanta (33rd overall). He was traded to Green Bay on February 10, 1992, for the 19th pick in the 1992 NFL Draft.
Favre became the Packers' starting quarterback in the fourth game of the 1992 season, and started every game through the 2007 season. He was traded to the New York Jets and started at quarterback for the 2008 season before signing with the Vikings on August 18, 2009 as their starting quarterback. He made an NFL record 297 consecutive starts (321 including playoffs).
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Carl Yastrzemski
Carl Michael Yastrzemski ( /jəˈstrɛmski/; nicknamed "Yaz"; born August 22, 1939) is a former American Major League Baseball left fielder and first baseman. He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1989. Yastrzemski played his entire 23-year baseball career with the Boston Red Sox (1961–1983). He was primarily a left fielder, with part of his later career played at first base and as a designated hitter. Yastrzemski is an 18-time All-Star, the possessor of seven Gold Gloves, a member of the 3000 hit club, and the first American League player in that club to also accumulate over 400 home runs. He is second on the all-time list for games played, and third for total at-bats. He is the Red Sox' all-time leader in career RBIs, runs, hits, singles, doubles, total bases, and games played, and is second on the team's list for home runs behind another Red Sox great, Ted Williams, his predecessor in left field. In 1967, Yastrzemski achieved a peak in his career, leading the Red Sox to the American League pennant for the first time in over two decades, in that season being voted the American League MVP, and being the most recent winner of the triple crown for batters in the major leagues.
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Charles Mooney
Charles Michael Mooney (born January 27, 1951) is a retired boxer from the United States, who won the silver medal in the bantamweight (– 54 kg) division at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Canada. There he lost by decision in the final by North Korea's Gu Yong-Ju.
Mooney is married to Dara Mooney and has two daughters, Lanette and Charkeena, and one son, Charles Jr. He was a three-time All Army champion, three-time inter-service champion, won a silver medal in Pan Am trials and took bronze and silver medals at the AAU nationals. In the US Army at the time, he did not turn professional. Mooney made the Army his career, and retired with 22 years active service, ending August 29, 1992, with the rank of sergeant first class.
Mooney started his new career at Eastern SHS school as a US Army JROTC instructor from 1992-2006 Also, in 1996 he ran the Olympic torch in Washington DC. In 1977-1978 he was an All Army assistant coach. In 1977-1984 he was an athlete rep for the ABF, Olympic committee and a trainer for the 1984 Olympic boxing team. 1992-2008, Mooney, founded and the Charles M Mooney academy of boxing, a non-profit 501c3, in Rockeville and Laurel, Maryland, and was the trainer of USBA cruiserweight champion Darnell Wilson, as well as Wayne Hampton, Adele Olakanye, Keith Kemp, Brian Cook, Marlyn Haynes, two-time WBO champion Keith Holmes WBC champion Sharmba Mitchell, ranked heavyweight Tony Thompson, Teddy Reid, Fabian Garcia, Theon Holland, Simon Brown, Darell Holawell, William Joppy, Cory Sanders, and world champion Chris Byrd.
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Chelsea Kane
Chelsea Kane Staub (born September 15, 1988) is an American actress and singer professionally known as Chelsea Kane since December 2010. Her first starring role was in the 2007 film Bratz: The Movie. She co-starred as Stella Malone in the Disney Channel sitcom Jonas L.A.. She also appeared in the Disney Channel Original Movies, Minutemen and Starstruck. She currently co-stars in the Disney Channel animated series, Fish Hooks.
Born in Phoenix, Arizona, Kane is the only child of John and Becky Staub. She is an alumna of Valley Youth Theatre.
In 2007, Kane played her first starring role as well as her first theatrical role, in the theatrical motion picture Bratz: The Movie as Meredith Baxter Dimly, the film's primary antagonist. She performed two of the songs on the film's soundtrack.
In 2008, she starred in the Disney Channel Original Movie, Minutemen, as Stephanie Jameson. She appeared in one episode of Wizards of Waverly Place and she starred in the Disney Channel original film Starstruck. She played the role of Stella Malone, the stylist and long time best friend of the band JONAS, in the Disney Channel series Jonas L.A.. In 2010, Kane began co-starring in the Disney Channel animated series Fish Hooks voicing the role of Bea Goldfishberg.
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Chris Evert
Christine Marie "Chris" Evert (born December 21, 1954) is a former world #1 professional tennis player from the United States. She won 18 Grand Slam singles championships, including a record seven championships at the French Open and a record six championships at the U.S. Open. She was the year-ending World No. 1 singles player in 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1980, and 1981.
Evert's career win–loss record in singles matches of 1,309–145 (90.05%) is the best of any professional player, man or woman, in the Open Era. On clay courts her career match win loss rate of 94.05% (316/20) remains a WTA record. In tennis writer Steve Flink's book The Greatest Tennis Matches of the Twentieth Century, he named Evert as the third best female player of the 20th century, after Steffi Graf and Martina Navratilova. Evert never lost in the first or second rounds of a Grand Slam singles tournament. She won 157 singles championships. In women's doubles, Evert won three Grand Slam titles and 29 regular tour championships.
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Chris Jericho
Christopher Keith Irvine (born November 9, 1970), known professionally as Chris Jericho, is an American-born Canadian professional wrestler, musician, media personality, actor, author and businessman. He is signed to WWE, appearing on its Raw brand in addition to being the lead singer of heavy metal band Fozzy. He is also well known for his time in World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW), and internationally in Canadian, Mexican and Japanese promotions.
Jericho has won 30 championships between WWF/E, WCW, and ECW - the three most prominent American promotions in the 1990s and early 2000s. He is credited as being the first Undisputed WWF Champion, having unified the WWE Championship and World Championship (formerly the WCW Championship) in 2001.
In WWE Jericho is a six-time world champion, having won the Undisputed WWF Championship once, the WCW/World Championship twice and the World Heavyweight Championship thrice. He is also a record nine-time Intercontinental Champion, and the fourth WWE Grand Slam Champion.
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Clinton McKenzie
Clinton McKenzie (born 15 September 1955 in Clarendon, Jamaica) is a former professional boxer. He fought in the light welterweight division and became the British light welterweight title holder and lost to European title fights.
McKenzie was the oldest of seven children born in Clarendon, Jamaica. The McKenzie family emigrated to England was Clinton was nine years of age.
He is the brother of former three-weight world champion boxer Duke McKenzie and former amateur boxer and politician Winston McKenzie, father of Coventry City striker Leon McKenzie and adoptive father to professional boxer and Big Brother UK 2009 housemate, Angel McKenzie.
McKenzie represented England and Great Britain throughout his amateur career which culminated in representing Great Britain at the 1976 Olympics in Montreal, Canada. McKenzie won his first two fights before losing to eventual gold medal winner Sugar Ray Leonard.
1976 (as a light welterweight)
Following the publicity of the Olympic Games, McKenzie left amateur boxing to turn professional in October 1976, winning his first fight at the York Hall, Bethnal Green, London, in which McKenzie beat Jimmy King on points over eight rounds.
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Curt Schilling
Curtis Montague Schilling (born November 14, 1966) is a former American Major League Baseball right-handed pitcher. He helped lead the Philadelphia Phillies to the World Series in 1993 and won World Series championships in 2001 with the Arizona Diamondbacks and in 2004 and 2007 with the Boston Red Sox. Schilling retired with a career postseason record of 11–2. His .846 postseason winning percentage is a major-league record among pitchers with at least 10 decisions.
After retiring, he founded Green Monster Games which was renamed 38 Studios. The company released Kingdoms of Amalur: Reckoning in February 2012, but just three months later, Schilling laid off his entire staff amid severe financial troubles that resulted in the company missing payroll the previous week.
Schilling graduated from Shadow Mountain High School in Phoenix, Arizona, in 1985, before attending Yavapai College in Prescott, Arizona.
Schilling began his professional career in the Red Sox farm system as a second-round pick in what would be the final January draft in MLB. He began his professional career with the Elmira Pioneers, a then Red Sox affiliate. After two and a half years in the minor leagues, he and Brady Anderson were traded to the Baltimore Orioles in 1988 for Mike Boddicker. His major league debut was with the Orioles (1988–1990), and he then spent one year with the Houston Astros (1991).
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Dale Murphy
Dale Bryan Murphy (born March 12, 1956 in Portland, Oregon) is a former Major League Baseball outfielder and first baseman. During an 18-year baseball career, 1976–1993, he played for three different teams, but is noted for his time with the Atlanta Braves. Murphy won consecutive National League Most Valuable Player Awards (1982–1983), the National League's Silver Slugger Award four straight years (1982–1985), and the National League's Gold Glove award five straight years (1982–1986).
In 1976 Murphy began his major league career with a nineteen game stint catching with the Atlanta Braves. He appeared in only eighteen games the following season. In 1978, Murphy played first base mostly. At the plate, he slumped to a .226 batting average, though he also showed hints of his future power by hitting 23 home runs.
Murphy switched to the outfield in 1980, a move that would help initiate a decade of highly productive play in the National League. Beginning in left field, he soon switched to center field, the position at which he would find his greatest success. By 1982, the most decorated year of Murphy's career, the former bench-riding catcher had transformed himself into an All-Star MVP outfielder who appeared in each of Atlanta's 162 games. His turnaround as a fielder was equally stark. In 1978, as a first baseman, Murphy had led all National League first-baggers in errors; in 1982, spending time at each of the three outfield positions, he won his first of five consecutive Gold Gloves.
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Dave Boy Green
Dave "Boy" Green (born David Robert Green on 2 June 1953) is a former British welterweight boxing champion and businessman. Born in Chatteris, Cambridgeshire, a small fenland town, he boxed as the "Fen Tiger".
In his youth at Cromwell School he was keen on football and cross-country but took up boxing in 1967 joining the Chatteris Amateur Boxing Club. His trainer was Arthur Binder who had taught Eric Boon, a famous local boxer. In 1969, Green won the National Federation of Boys' Clubs championship. Green had 105 amateur contests winning 74 with 33 inside the distance.
In 1974, Green turned professional under the guidance of Andy Smith his manager. It was the same year (26 October 1974) he married Kay Curson of Sutton.
On 1 June 1976, Green entered the ring in a tiger-skin dressing-gown to win the British light-welterweight Championship (Lonsdale Belt) against Joey "The Jab" Singleton of Liverpool with powerful hooks to the head and body. Though receiving stinging jabs all the while. Singleton was the better boxer, but Green's power began to show. The crowd wanted Green to deliver his "muck spreader" punch but his boxing lead to a retirement in 6th round.
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Dean Smith
Dean Edwards Smith (born February 28, 1931) is a retired American head coach of men's college basketball. Originally from Emporia, Kansas, Smith has been called a “coaching legend” by the Basketball Hall of Fame. Smith is best known for his successful 36-year coaching tenure at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Smith coached from 1961 to 1997 and retired with 879 victories, which was the NCAA Division I men's basketball record at that time. Smith has the 9th highest winning percentage of any men’s college basketball coach (77.6%). During his tenure as head coach of North Carolina, the team won two national titles and appeared in 11 Final Fours.
Smith is also known for running a clean program and having a high graduation rate for his players, with 96.6% of his athletes receiving their degrees. While at North Carolina, Smith helped promote desegregation by recruiting the University’s first African American scholarship basketball player, Charlie Scott, and pushing for equal treatment for African Americans by local businesses. Smith coached and worked with numerous individuals at North Carolina who went on to achieve notable success in basketball, as either players or coaches or both. Smith retired as head coach from North Carolina in 1997, saying that he was not able to give the team the same level of enthusiasm that he had given it for years. Since retirement, Smith has used his influence to help out in various charitable ventures and political activities.
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Dennis Andries
Dennis Andries (born 5 November 1953 in Guyana) was a British professional boxer in the light heavyweight (175 lb) division.
Andries turned pro in 1978 and won the WBC Light Heavyweight Title in 1986 in a decision over American JB Williamson. He defended the title once against fellow Briton Tony Sibson before losing the belt in 1987 to Thomas Hearns. In 1989 he captured the Vacant WBC Light Heavyweight Title with a win over American Tony Willis, but lost the title in his first defense to Jeff Harding. In 1990 he won a rematch with Harding via 7th round KO, recapturing the title. He made two further defences before in 1991 losing the title again to Harding, via majority decision, capping their trilogy. He eventually moved up to Cruiserweight, and never fought again for a major world title, retiring in 1996.
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Derek Jeter
Derek Sanderson Jeter ( /ˈdʒiːtər/; born June 26, 1974) is an American baseball shortstop who has played 18 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the New York Yankees. A five-time World Series champion, Jeter has been a central figure of the Yankees during their success of the 1990s and 2000s due to his clubhouse presence, on-field leadership, hitting ability, and baserunning. He is the Yankees' all-time career leader in hits (3,155), games played (2,472), stolen bases (342), and at bats (10,066). His accolades include twelve All-Star selections, five Gold Glove Awards, four Silver Slugger Awards, two Hank Aaron Awards, and the Roberto Clemente Award. Jeter is the all-time MLB leader in hits by a shortstop, and the 28th player to reach 3,000 hits.
The Yankees drafted Jeter out of high school in 1992, and he debuted in the major leagues in 1995. The following year, he became the Yankees' starting shortstop, won the Rookie of the Year Award, and helped the team win the 1996 World Series. Jeter continued to contribute during the team's championship seasons of 1998–2000; he finished third in voting for the American League (AL) Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award in 1998, recorded multiple career-high numbers in 1999, and won both the All-Star Game MVP and World Series MVP Awards in 2000. He has consistently placed among the AL leaders in hits and runs scored for the past ten years, and since 2003 has served as the Yankees' team captain.
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Dicky Eklund
Richard "Dicky" Eklund,Jr. (born May 9, 1957) is an American former professional boxer in the Welterweight division. A former New England Welterweight Champion, Eklund was known as "The Pride of Lowell". He is the half-brother and former trainer of former WBU World Champion Micky Ward. The 2010 biopic The Fighter is based on the two brothers' fall and rise to the boxing title.
After an amateur boxing career of over 100 bouts, Eklund turned professional. Eklund fought professionally as Dick Eklund; "Dicky" was a nickname used by his family and friends. Prior to his 1978 match with future world boxing champion Sugar Ray Leonard, Eklund's most impressive victory was over undefeated Rufus Miller (6-0-1) in 1976.
Eklund's most notable fight was on July 18, 1978, against Sugar Ray Leonard at the Hynes Memorial Auditorium in Boston, Massachusetts. He went the distance against Leonard, who eventually won the fight by unanimous decision. During the fight, Eklund was knocked down twice. In the ninth round, the fighters got wrapped up and Leonard tripped, which was counted as a trip by the referee. In the movie, The Fighter, Eklund claims to have knocked down Leonard in their match. A video of the fight shows a punch/push and Leonard falling to the canvas on his back. The official verdict by the referee Tommy Rawson was a slip. In an interview regarding the knockdown,Leonard said, "I slipped."
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Don Dunphy
Don Dunphy (July 5, 1908 – July 22, 1998) was a United States television and radio sports announcer specializing in boxing broadcasts. Dunphy was noted for his fast paced delivery and enthusiasm for the sport. It is estimated that he did "blow-by-blow" action for over 2,000 fights. The Friday Night Fights were broadcast every Friday evening from (radio and television (1939–1981) 9 P.M. to 10:45 P.M on ABC.
In 1984, Dunphy was part of the American Sportscasters Association Hall of Fame’s inaugural class which included sportscasting legends Red Barber, Ted Husing, Graham McNamee and Bill Stern. He was also a member of the organization's Board of Directors. Dunphy was inducted into the National Radio Hall of Fame in 1988 and had a memorable cameo appearance in the 1971 Woody Allen movie Bananas. He also called all of the fights in the 1980 United Artists film Raging Bull, which was directed by Martin Scorsese. In 1982, he won the Sam Taub Award for Excellence in Broadcasting Journalism in boxing. He is a member of the International Boxing Hall of Fame.
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Don Shula
Donald Francis "Don" Shula (born January 4, 1930) is a former American football cornerback and coach.
He is best known as coach of the Miami Dolphins, the team he led to two Super Bowl victories, and to the National Football League's only perfect season. Shula was named 1993 Sportsman of the Year by Sports Illustrated. He currently holds the NFL record for most career wins with 347. Shula only had two losing seasons in his 36-year career of coaching in the NFL. He has been head coach for a record six Super Bowls. In his first, he set the record for the longest period to be shut out (not scoring until 3:19 remaining). His next Super Bowl he set the record for the lowest points by any team (with only one field goal). The very next year he turned that all around during his perfect season, breaking his record of longest period with a shut out, this time with him on the winning side (not giving up any points until 2:07 remaining). As of 2012, Shula's perfect NFL season remains unmatched, and his three Super Bowl records and total NFL wins remain unbroken.
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Donald Curry
Donald Curry (born September 7, 1961) is a retired boxer from Fort Worth, Texas, United States. Nicknamed the "Lone Star Cobra," Curry was the undisputed world welterweight champion and the WBC super welterweight champion.
Curry's amateur record has been listed as 400-4 and 400-6. Curry thinks he might have had more than 404 bouts, but he is sure he had only four losses.
Curry turned professional on December 26, 1980, knocking out Mario Tineo in the first round. On May 5, 1982, with a record of 11-0, Curry knocked out Bruce Finch in three rounds to win the NABF welterweight title. He fought Marlon Starling, the USBA welterweight champion, on October 24, 1982. Curry bruised his ribs during training and also had a lot of trouble making weight: He reportedly was nine pounds over the welterweight limit less than a week before the fight. Despite these problems, Curry won by a twelve-round split decision.
On February 13, 1983, Curry defeated Jun-Suk Hwang by a fifteen-round unanimous decision to win the WBA welterweight championship, which had become vacant after the retirement of Sugar Ray Leonard. Curry had to get up from a knockdown in the seventh round. Three months later, Curry's older brother, Bruce, won the WBC super lightweight title. They were the first pair of brothers to hold world titles simultaneously.
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Donny Lalonde
Donny Lalonde (born March 12, 1960 in Kitchener, Ontario, Canada) is a retired professional boxer. His nickname is "Golden Boy," after the Golden Boy statue atop the Manitoba Legislative Building in his boxing home town of Winnipeg. Lalonde held the WBC Light Heavyweight Championship from 1987 to 1988.
Lalonde was one of four children. His father, a salesman, left the family when he was three. When his mother remarried, Lalonde accepted his stepfather immediately. However, when he was eleven, his stepfather started to become abusive. It began when Lalonde saw him beating up his mother. "I jumped on his back to stop him, and he hit me," Lalonde said. "After that, it just seemed easier and easier for him to do that."
When Lalonde was fifteen, he ran away from home. He was tired of school and tired of the beatings. He worked odd jobs around Kitchener and Winnipeg. He first walked into a boxing gym when he was seventeen. He got into boxing "to try to reestablish self-esteem, respect, pride," he said. "Boxing is a way of doing that." Lalonde had an amateur record of 11-4 and turned professional in 1980.
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Drew Brees
Andrew Christopher "Drew" Brees (pronounced /ˈbriːs/; born January 15, 1979) is an American football quarterback for the New Orleans Saints of the National Football League. He was drafted by the San Diego Chargers in the second round of the 2001 NFL Draft. He played college football at Purdue.
Brees has been selected to the Pro Bowl six times in his career – with the Chargers in 2004 and the Saints in 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011. He was named the NFL's Comeback Player of the Year in 2004, the Offensive Player of the Year in 2008, and the MVP of Super Bowl XLIV. He was also selected by voters to appear on the cover of EA Sports' Madden NFL 11.Sports Illustrated named him as its 2010 Sportsman of the Year.
Brees holds the single-season record for most passing yards in a single season, with 5,476 yards passing during the 2011 season.
Brees was born in Dallas, Texas, the son of Mina (née Akins), an attorney, and Eugene Wilson Brees II, a medical malpractice attorney. He was named after Dallas Cowboys wide receiver Drew Pearson. His uncle, Marty Akins, was an All-American starting quarterback for the Texas Longhorns college football team from 1975 to 1977. Chip Brees played basketball for the Texas A&M Aggies men's basketball team, and his grandfather, Ray Akins, had the third-most victories as a Texas high school football coach.
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Dwyane Wade
Dwyane Tyrone Wade, Jr. (born January 17, 1982), nicknamed Flash or D-Wade, is an American professional basketball player for the Miami Heat. Awarded 2006 Sportsman of the Year by Sports Illustrated, Wade has established himself as one of the most well-known and popular players in the league. He had the top selling jersey in the NBA for nearly two years, as he led the NBA in jersey sales from the 2005 NBA Playoffs, until the mid-point of the 2006–07 season.
After entering the league as the fifth pick in the 2003 NBA Draft, Wade was named to the All-Rookie team and the All-Star team the following eight seasons. In his third season, Wade helped lead the Miami Heat to their first NBA Championship in franchise history. He was named the 2006 NBA Finals MVP as he helped lead the Heat to a 4–2 series win over the Dallas Mavericks. At the 2008 Summer Olympics, Wade led the United States Men's Basketball team, commonly known as the "Redeem Team", in scoring, as they captured gold medal honors in Beijing, China. In the 2008–09 season, Wade led the league in scoring and earned his first NBA scoring title.
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Edwin Moses
Edwin Corley Moses (born August 31, 1955) is a former American track and field athlete, who won gold medals in the 400 m hurdles at the 1976 and 1984 Olympics. Between 1977 and 1987, Moses won 107 consecutive finals (122 consecutive races) and set the world record in his event four times. In addition to his running, Moses was also an innovative reformer in the areas of Olympic eligibility and drug testing. In 2000, he was elected the first Chairman of the Laureus World Sports Academy, an international service organization of world-class athletes.
Moses was born in Dayton, Ohio. Having accepted an academic scholarship to Morehouse College in Atlanta, Georgia, he majored in physics and industrial engineering, while competing for the school track team. Morehouse did not have its own track, so he used public high school facilities around the city to train. Initially, Moses competed mostly in the 120-yard hurdles and 440-yard dash. Before March 1976, he ran only one 400 m hurdles race, but once he began focusing on the event he made remarkable progress. His trademark technique was to take a constant 13 steps between each of the hurdles, pulling away in the second half of the race as his rivals changed their stride pattern. That summer, he qualified for the US team for the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal. In his first international meet, Moses won the gold medal and set a world record of 47.63 seconds.
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Greg LeMond
Gregory James LeMond (born June 26, 1961 in Lakewood, California) is a former professional road bicycle racer from the United States and a three-time winner of the Tour de France. He was born in Lakewood, California and raised in Reno, Nevada.
In 1986, LeMond became the first American and the first non-European cyclist to win the Tour de France. The following year he was shot and seriously injured in a hunting accident. He was able to return to the Tour in 1989, winning it dramatically in its final stage. He won again for the third time the following year in 1990. He is one of only nine cyclists to have won the Tour three or more times.
Greg LeMond was a standout junior rider who quickly established himself as one of the most talented cyclists in the professional circuit. After his initial success on the junior circuit he began competing against older, more seasoned competitors. He gained the attention of the US Cycling Federation's national team, riding for them at the 1979 Junior World Championships held in Argentina. There he won gold, silver and bronze medals, the highlight being his spectacular victory in the road race. He was selected for the 1980 U.S. Olympic cycling team, the youngest ever, at 18, to make the U.S. team; however, the U.S. boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow prevented him from competing there.
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Hilmer Kenty
James Kenty, also known as Hilmer Kenty (born July 20, 1955 in Austin, Texas) is a former WBA professional boxing champion in the lightweight (135lb) division.
Kenty won the National AAU Lightweight championship in 1974 and 1976. He beat Aaron Pryor in the 1976 national A.A.U. Golden Gloves.
Kenty turned pro in 1977. In 1980, Kenty captured the WBA Lightweight Title with a TKO over Ernesto España, becoming Emanuel Steward's first world champion, and the first world champion from Detroit since Joe Louis decades earlier. Kenty and Tommy Hearns both won WBA belts together and became known as the motor city cobras. Kenty defended his belt three times before losing it to Sean O'Grady in 1981, and retired in 1984.
Kenty was raised in Columbus, Ohio, and graduated from Linden Mckinley High school.
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Hines Ward
Hines Edward Ward, Jr. (born March 8, 1976) is a former American football wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL). He played for the Pittsburgh Steelers for fourteen seasons after being drafted in the third round of the 1998 NFL Draft, becoming the team's all-time leader in receptions, receiving yardage and touchdown receptions. Ward was voted MVP of Super Bowl XL, and upon retirement was one of only eight NFL players to have 1,000 or more career receptions. He played college football at the University of Georgia.
Born in Seoul, South Korea to a Korean mother and an African American father, Ward grew up in the Atlanta area. He has become an advocate for the social acceptance of foreigners in Korea, especially mixed-race youth.
Ward was born in Seoul, South Korea, to an African American father, Hines Ward Sr., and Korean mother, Kim Young He (김영희). His family moved to Atlanta and East Point, Georgia when Hines Jr. was one, and Hines Sr. went to Germany to serve a tour of duty. The next year Ward's parents divorced leaving Ward to live with his mother and then with his paternal grandmother after Hines Sr. convinced a family court that Kim could not raise Hines Jr. independently, because she did not speak English. Ward would later be reunited with his mother at the age of 7. During this time, Hines Ward Sr. did not support Ward with child support or visit Ward regularly with Ward stating that he talks with his father about once every two years. Ward has stated that he has never reconciled with his father who abandoned him when he was 2 years old. Under the guidance of coach Mike Parris at Forest Park High School in Forest Park, Georgia, Ward showcased his athletic skills as a quarterback, and was two-time Clayton County Offensive Player of the Year.
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Héctor Camacho
Héctor Camacho (born May 24, 1962), nicknamed "Macho Camacho", is a Puerto Rican professional boxer. His son, Héctor Camacho Jr., is also a boxer.
Camacho was born in Bayamon, Puerto Rico, but his family moved to Spanish Harlem when he was a child. He ran into trouble there as a teen, getting into fights and landing in jail at 15. He also learned boxing and karate as a teenager, and since he demonstrated talent as a boxer, he chose that sport as a career. He is the first fighter to win in seven different divisions.
Camacho won three New York Golden Gloves Championships. Camacho won the 1978 112 lb Sub-Novice Championship, 1979 118 lb Open Championship and 1980 119 lb Open Championship. In 1979 Camacho defeated Paul DeVorce of the Yonkers Police Athletic League in the finals to win the title, and in 1980 Camacho defeated Tyrone Jackson in the finals to win the Championship. Camacho trained at the LaSombra Sporting Club in New York.
After a stellar amateur career, Camacho began a quick rise through the professional rankings, first in the Featherweight and then in the Junior Lightweight division. He was so confident that he claimed he could beat World featherweight champions Salvador Sánchez and Eusebio Pedroza. However, Sanchez died when Camacho was still coming up in the ranks.
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Héctor Vinent
Héctor Vinent Cháron (born July 25, 1972 in Santiago de Cuba) was a Cuban boxer, who won the Light Welterweight Gold medal at the 1992 Summer Olympics and 1996 Summer Olympics.
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Ingemar Johansson
Jens Ingemar Johansson (September 22, 1932 – January 30, 2009) was a Swedish boxer and former heavyweight champion of the world. Johansson was the fifth heavyweight champion born outside the United States. In 1959 he defeated Floyd Patterson by TKO in the third round, after flooring Patterson seven times in that round, to win the World Heavyweight Championship. As a result, Johansson won the Hickok Belt as top professional athlete of the year and was named the Associated Press Male Athlete of the Year and Sports Illustrated magazine's "Sportsman of the Year".
Johansson enjoyed a successful career as a heavyweight. When he retired in 1963 he had a record of 26 wins, 17 by KO, and only 2 losses. He called his right fist "toonder and lightning" for its concussive power (it was also called "Ingo's Bingo" and the "Hammer of Thor"), and in 2003 he was ranked at #99 on The Ring's list of 100 greatest punchers of all time. He reputedly had bone trouble in his right hand on and off throughout his career as a result.
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Jack Nicklaus
Jack William Nicklaus (born January 21, 1940), nicknamed "The Golden Bear", is an American professional golfer. By winning a total of 18 career major championships while producing 19 second place and 9 third place finishes in major events on the PGA Tour over a span of 25 years, he is widely regarded as the most accomplished professional golfer of all time. Nicklaus did not play that many tournaments because he wanted to focus on the Majors, but is still second on the PGA-tournament winning list, with 73 victories.
After winning two U.S. Amateurs in 1959 and 1961, and challenging for the 1960 U.S. Open, Nicklaus turned professional toward the end of 1961. The 1962 U.S. Open was both Nicklaus' first major championship victory and his first professional win. This win over Arnold Palmer began the on-course rivalry between the two. In 1966, Nicklaus won the Masters Tournament for the second year in a row, becoming the first golfer to achieve this, and also won The Open Championship, completing his career slam of major championships. At age 26, he became the youngest to do so at the time. In 1968 and 1969, Nicklaus did not win a major tournament. He then won another Open Championship in 1970.
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Jackie Stewart
Sir John Young 'Jackie' Stewart, OBE (born 11 June 1939) is a Scottish former racing driver. Nicknamed the 'Flying Scot', he competed in Formula One between 1965 and 1973, winning three World Drivers' Championships. He also competed in Can-Am. He is well known in the United States as a color commentator (pundit) of racing television broadcasts, and as a spokesman for Ford, where his Scottish accent has made him a distinctive presence. Between 1997 and 1999, in partnership with his son, Paul, he was team principal of the Stewart Grand Prix Formula One racing team. In 2009 he was ranked fifth of the fifty greatest Formula One drivers of all time by journalist Kevin Eason who wrote: "He has not only emerged as a great driver, but one of the greatest figures of motor racing."
Stewart's family were Austin, later Jaguar, car dealers and had built up a successful business, Dumbuck Garage, in Milton, West Dunbartonshire, Scotland where Stewart was born and was educated at Dumbarton Academy. His father had been an amateurmotorcycle racer, and his brother Jimmy was a racing driver with a growing local reputation who drove for Ecurie Ecosse and competed in the 1953 British Grand Prix at Silverstone, until he went off at Copse Corner in the wet.
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James Wallington
James ("Jim") Robert Wallington (July 28, 1944 – April 19, 1988) was a welterweight boxer from the United States, who represented his native country at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City, Mexico.
Wallington won the bronze medal in the men's light welterweight division (– 63.5 kg) after a loss in the semifinals against eventual silver medalist Enrique Regueiferos from Cuba. He won the gold medal at the Pan American Games a year earlier. Wallington was also the US National Amateur Light Welterweight Champion in 1967 and 1966. He died aged 43.
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Jerry Lucas
Jerry Ray Lucas (born March 30, 1940) is a former basketball player who played from the 1950s to the 1970s. He is now a memory education expert. In 1996, the NBA's 50th anniversary, he was named one of the 50 greatest players in National Basketball Association history. He was named to Sports Illustrated's five-man College All-Century Team in 1999.
Lucas was born in Middletown, Ohio, then a community of 30,000+ halfway between Dayton and Cincinnati, that in the 1940s and 1950s boasted one of the most respected high school basketball programs in the United States. Greatly encouraged, Lucas began pouring hours each day into the town's game during his early teens.
Lucas had become a local playground legend by age 15, in Sunset Park. Sunset Park was then a regional summer hotbed for high school, college and even some pro players. Future Cincinnati Royals teammates Wayne Embry and Oscar Robertson were visitors there. Lucas was already at almost his full-grown height of 6 ft 8 in (2.06 m) by age 15, out-playing college players with his advanced game.
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Jerry Page
Jerry Louis Page (born January 15, 1961 in Columbus, Ohio) was an American boxer who won the light welterweight gold medal at the 1984 Summer Olympics. A year earlier he won a silver medal at the 1983 Pan American Games.
Page was an Olympic Gold Medalist at 139 lbs at the 1984 Olympics.
Page began his professional career in 1985 and won his first 8 bouts before being beaten in a decision loss to Terrence Alli in 1988. This loss signaled the beginning of an early end for Page, who lost a decision to Frankie Randall in 1989 and hung retired in 1990 with a career record of 11-4-0.
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Jerzy Kulej
Jerzy Kulej (born October 19, 1940 in Częstochowa, Poland) is a retired boxer and politician.
He twice won the gold medal in the Light welterweight division (<63.5 kg) at the Summer Olympics in 1964 and 1968. He also twice won the gold medal at the European Amateur Championships in 1963 and 1965, and he won the silver medal in 1967. Following his boxing career, he became an actor in Polish movies. In 1976 he appeared in the film Przepraszam, czy tu biją? directed by Marek Piwowski.
Kulej was the winner of the Aleksander Reksza Boxing Award 1995.
He has subsequently become a politician and is a member of the Social Democracy of Poland. He became a member of the Polish parliament (the Sejm) representing Warsaw in May 2001. He is currently a boxing commentator for Polish TV station Polsat Sport.
1964
1968
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Jim Ryun
James Ronald ("Jim") Ryun (born April 29, 1947) is an American former track athlete and politician, who was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from 1996 to 2007, representing the 2nd District in Kansas. In the 2006 election, Ryun was defeated by Democratic challenger Nancy Boyda. In the Kansas Republican primary on August 5, 2008, he was defeated by Kansas State Treasurer Lynn Jenkins.
Years prior to his political career, Ryun had an athletic career that saw him become a world-class runner and the last American to hold the world record in the mile run. His career was highlighted by many world record times and a silver medal in the 1500 m at the 1968 Mexico City Olympics.
In 1966, at age nineteen, Ryun set world records in the mile and the half-mile runs, and received Sports Illustrated magazine's "Sportsman of the Year" award, as well as the James E. Sullivan Award as the nation's top amateur athlete, the ABC's Wide World of Sports Athlete of the Year, and was voted Track & Field News' Athlete of the Year as the world’s best track & field athlete. Ironically, Ryun did all of this before he was permitted to run for the school he attended, University of Kansas, since NCAA rules at the time did not allow freshmen to compete in NCAA competition. In 1967 Ryun ran a world record in the indoor half mile (1:48.3) and outdoors lowered his world-record time in the mile from 3:51.3 to 3:51.1, a record that stood for almost eight years. That same year he set the world record for the 1500 meters in 3:33.1, running his last lap in a blazing 53.3 seconds and his final 1,200 meters in an amazing 2:46.6.
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Joe Frazier
Joseph William "Joe" Frazier (January 12, 1944 – November 7, 2011), also known as Smokin' Joe, was an American professional boxer and Olympic and Undisputed World Heavyweight Champion, whose professional career lasted from 1965 to 1976, with a one-fight comeback in 1981.
Frazier emerged as the top contender in the late 1960s, defeating opponents that included Jerry Quarry, Oscar Bonavena, Buster Mathis, Eddie Machen, Doug Jones, George Chuvalo and Jimmy Ellis en route to becoming Undisputed Heavyweight Champion in 1970, and followed up by defeating Muhammad Ali on points in the highly-anticipated "Fight of the Century" in 1971. Two years later Frazier lost his title when he was knocked out by George Foreman. He fought on, beating Joe Bugner, losing a rematch to Ali and beating Quarry and Ellis again.
Frazier's last world title challenge came in 1975, but he was beaten by Ali in their brutal rubbermatch. He retired in 1976 following a second loss to Foreman. He made a comeback in 1981, fighting just once, before retiring for good. The International Boxing Research Organization (IBRO) rates Frazier among the ten greatest heavyweights of all time. He was an inductee of both the International Boxing Hall of Fame and the World Boxing Hall of Fame.
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Joe Montana
Joseph Clifford "Joe" Montana, Jr. (born June 11, 1956), nicknamed Joe Cool, Golden Joe, The Golden Great and Comeback Joe, is a retired professional football player, a hall of fame quarterback with the San Francisco 49ers and Kansas City Chiefs. Montana started his NFL career in 1979 with San Francisco, where he played for the next 14 seasons. Traded before the 1993 season, he spent his final two years in the league with Kansas City. While a member of the 49ers, Montana started in four Super Bowl games and won all of them. Montana was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2000, his first year of eligibility.
In 1989, and again in 1990, the Associated Press named Montana the NFL Most Valuable Player (MVP), and Sports Illustrated magazine named Montana the 1990 "Sportsman of the Year". Four years earlier, in 1986, Montana won the AP NFL Comeback Player of the Year Award. Montana was elected to eight Pro Bowls, as well as being voted 1st team All-Pro by the AP in 1987, 1989, and 1990. Montana had the highest passer rating in the National Football Conference (NFC) five times (1981, 1984, 1985, 1987, and 1989); and, in both 1987 and 1989, Montana had the highest passer rating in the entire NFL.
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Joe Paterno
Joseph Vincent "Joe" Paterno (pronounced /pəˈtɜrnoʊ/; December 21, 1926 – January 22, 2012), often referred to as "JoePa", was an American college football coach who was the head coach of the Penn State Nittany Lions for nearly 46 years, from 1966 through 2011. At the time of his death he held the record for the most victories by an NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) football coach with 409 and was the only FBS coach to reach 400 victories. He coached five undefeated teams that won major bowl games and, in 2007, was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach. Despite his achievements as a coach, Paterno's career ended abruptly in 2011 after he was fired for his "failure of leadership" in the child sex abuse scandal surrounding his former assistant coach Jerry Sandusky.
Paterno was born in Brooklyn, New York and attended Brown University, where he played football both as the quarterback and a cornerback. Originally planning to be a lawyer, he instead signed on as an assistant football coach at Penn State in 1950, persuaded by his college coach Rip Engle who had taken over as Penn State's head coach. Sixteen years later, in 1966, Paterno was named as Engle's successor. Before long, he had coached the team to two undefeated regular seasons in 1968 and 1969. He went on to win two national championships—in 1982 and again in 1986. In all, he led the Nittany Lions to 37 bowl appearances with 24 wins all while turning down offers to coach NFL teams, including the Pittsburgh Steelers and the New England Patriots. Paterno became the winningest coach in Division I history on October 29, 2011.
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Johann Olav Koss
Johann Olav Koss (born 29 October 1968) is a former speed skater from Norway, considered to be one of the best in history, and current assistant coach of Norway's speed skating team.
Johann Olav Koss was born in Drammen, Buskerud County, Norway. Johann Olav Koss became the Norwegian Junior Champion in 1987, but he could not compete with the world top skaters in the 1986 and 1987 World Junior Championships. In 1988, he debuted with the seniors at the World Championships in Alma-Ata, but failed to qualify for the final distance. The following year, he finished eighth in the same tournament (after a fifteenth place in the European Allround Championships), placing second on the 1,500 m. His breakthrough came in 1990, winning the World Allround Championships in Innsbruck, Austria. The following four years, he would win two more world titles (1991 and 1994), while finishing second in 1993 and third in 1992. He won the European Allround Championships in 1991 and finished second in the next three editions. Koss had a total of twenty-three World Cup wins, while winning four overall World Cup titles (the 1,500 m in 1990 and 1991, and the combined 5,000/10,000 m in 1991 and 1994).
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John Mugabi
John "The Beast" Mugabi (born March 4, 1960) is a former boxer and world light middleweight champion. He was part of an early 1980s' junior middleweight and middleweight division scene that included Marvin Hagler, Sugar Ray Leonard, Thomas Hearns, Wilfred Benítez, Davey Moore, and Roberto Durán - an era which many boxing fans rank as one of the most exciting times ever in those weight classes. His nickname was The Beast.
Mugabi was born in Kampala, Uganda, where he started to box. He won a silver medal at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow.
Soon afterwards he started as a professional on December 5, 1980 by knocking out Oemer Karadenis in round one in Kampala. Soon after that win, Mugabi moved to London where he became acquainted with boxing promoter Mickey Duff, an expert in boxer marketing who landed Mugabi various fights in England and built his reputation there.
Mugabi won eight fights in Europe and then moved to the United States, setting up residence in Florida. Over time he became a favorite of American tv networks, scoring sensational knockouts of contenders such as Curtis Ramsey, Gary Guiden, former world champion Eddie Gazo, Curtis Parker, Frank The Animal Fletcher, Nino Gonzalez and Earl Hargrove. Because of his ability to fight both at junior middleweight and middleweight, fans began to talk of the possibility of him challenging either world light middleweight champion Hearns or world middleweight champion Hagler. Despite Mugabi being a mandatory contender for some time, a Hearns - Mugabi title match never materialised, as Hearns elected to move to Middleweight to challenge Marvin Hagler.
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John Wooden
John Robert Wooden (October 14, 1910 – June 4, 2010) was an American basketball player and coach. Nicknamed the "Wizard of Westwood", he won ten NCAA national championships in a 12-year period—seven in a row—as head coach at UCLA, an unprecedented feat. Within this period, his teams won a record 88 consecutive games. He was named national coach of the year six times.
As a player, Wooden was the first to be named basketball All-American three times and he won a national championship at Purdue. Wooden was named a member of the Basketball Hall of Fame as a player (inducted in 1961) and as a coach (in 1973), the first person ever enshrined in both categories. Only Lenny Wilkens and Bill Sharman have since had the same honor.
He was one of the most revered coaches and was beloved by his former players, among them Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and Bill Walton. Wooden was renowned for his short, simple inspirational messages to his players, including his "Pyramid of Success". These often were directed at how to be a success in life as well as in basketball.
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Johnny Podres
John Joseph Podres (September 30, 1932 – January 13, 2008) was an American left-handed starting pitcher in Major League Baseball who spent most of his career with the Brooklyn and Los Angeles Dodgers. He is perhaps best remembered for being named the Most Valuable Player of the 1955 World Series, pitching a shutout in Game 7 against the New York Yankees to help bring the Dodgers their first World Series title. He later led the National League in earned run average and shutouts in 1957, and in winning percentage in 1961.
Podres helped the Dodgers win World Series championships in 1955, 1959, 1963 and 1965, although he did not pitch in the 1965 World Series itself. After the Dodgers lost the first two games to the New York Yankees, Podres pitched a complete game, seven-hit victory on his 23rd birthday in Game 3. In the climactic Game 7, Podres pitched a 2–0 shutout to bring Brooklyn its only World Series championship. Podres was given the first-ever World Series MVP Award by Sport magazine and presented with a red two-seater Corvette. Later he was honored as the Sportsman of the Year by Sports Illustrated magazine.
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José Nápoles
José Ángel Nápoles, nicknamed Mantequilla ("Butter") (born April 13, 1940), is a Cuban-Mexican boxer and former world welterweight champion, who is frequently ranked as one of the greatest fighters of all time in that division. Nápoles fought out of Mexico where he was adopted as a national hero[citation needed] and is a member of the International Boxing Hall of Fame.
He debuted as a professional boxer on August 2, 1958 in Cuba, knocking out Julio Rojas in the first round. Nápoles' first 18 bouts were in Cuba, against mostly unknown competition. He did beat Ángel García and Leslie Grant, but lost to Hilton Smith (in his first defeat).
After beating Enrique Carabeo in March 1961, Nápoles found himself a new challenge, outside of the ring; Cuban president Fidel Castro banned professional boxing in Cuba, and Nápoles soon found his career in jeopardy.
He found asylum in Mexico, where he soon found himself back inside the ring, beating Enrique Camarena by a knockout in two rounds on July 21, 1962. He won all four of his fights that year.
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Judi Brown
Judith ("Judi") Lynne Brown-King (born July 14, 1961) is an American athlete who competed mainly in the 400 metre hurdles.
She competed for the United States at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, where she won the silver medal in the women's 400 metre hurdles event.
Brown was a two-time gold medalist at the Pan American Games (1983, 1987), and was a twelve-time Big Ten champion in track and field events. In 1987, she was selected Sportsman of the Year by Sports Illustrated magazine for her community involvement.
Brown holds two degrees from Michigan State University, a Bachelors degree in Audiology and Speech Science, and a Masters degree in Education. She holds a Ph.D. in Public Administration and Public Policy from Western Michigan University, from which she graduated with honors. She also is a member of the Michigan Even Start Statewide Family Literacy Consortium.
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Karl Dargan
Karl Dargan (born June 17, 1985 in Philadelphia) is a US-American amateur boxer best known for winning the gold medal at the 2007 Pan Am Games in the Men's Light Welterweight.
Dargan began boxing in 1992 and won the PAL tournament 2005 at 125 lbs, at the National Golden Gloves 2002 on points to Lorenzo Reynolds in the finals and had to settle for 2nd. In 2005 he became US champion but lost twice to Anthony Peterson at the Olympic team trials.
2007 he was upset by young Javier Molina at the US championships but rebounded to win the Pan American Games in Rio de Janeiro against local Myke Carvalho in the semi and Jonathan Gonzalez of Puerto Rico in the light welterweight final at the Riocentro Sports Complex (9:4).
As he did not qualify for the Olympic trials, he finished his career as an amateur.
2005
He made his pro debut on 2007-12-07, defeating Roberto Norris in the MGM Grand Las Vegas.
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Kazimierz Szczerba
Kazimierz Wiesław Szczerba (born March 4, 1954 in Ciężkowice) was a Polish boxer, who won a Light Welterweight Bronze medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics and a Welterweight Bronze medal at the 1980 Summer Olympics.
In 1976, Szczerba lost on points to eventual gold medal winner Sugar Ray Leonard of the United States. In 1980, he lost on points to John Mugabi of Uganda in the semifinals.
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Ken Norton
Kenneth Howard Norton Sr. (born August 9, 1943, Jacksonville, Illinois) is a former heavyweight boxer and former WBC Heavyweight Champion. He is best known for his 12-round victory over a peak Muhammad Ali where he famously broke Ali's jaw, on March 31, 1973, becoming only the second man to defeat a peak Ali as a professional (after Joe Frazier, who won a 15-round unanimous decision against Ali on March 8, 1971).
He and Ali would fight twice more in their trilogy, with Ali officially winning narrowly both returns, although many felt Norton truly deserved their 3rd fight. Norton was awarded the WBC title (by virtue of his win over Jimmy Young in a 1977 title elimination bout) when Leon Spinks declined a mandated title defense against Norton, the No. 1 contender. But Ken lost it in his first defense on a split-decision by 1 point to Larry Holmes in a great contest. (Holmes-Norton is ranked as the 10th greatest heavyweight fight of all time by Monte D. Cox, a member of the International Boxing Research Organization.)
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Ken Venturi
Kenneth Venturi (born May 15, 1931) is an American former professional golfer and golf broadcaster.
Venturi was born in San Francisco, California. He learned golf from an early age, and developed his game at Harding Park Golf Course and other public courses in the area. In the early 1950s, Venturi had been a pupil of the great Byron Nelson, and was also influenced by playing partner Ben Hogan. He won the California State Amateur Championship in 1951 and 1956, serving in the Army in Korea in the interim. Venturi first gained national attention in 1956 while still an amateur; he finished second in that year's Masters, by one shot to Jack Burke, Jr., after leading from the first round. Venturi shot a final-round 80 in very windy conditions, and relinquished a four-shot lead, which prevented him from winning outright and thus becoming the first amateur to do so in the history of The Masters. Years later it would be compared to Greg Norman's back nine collapse in 1996.
Venturi was a regular winner during his early years on the PGA Tour after turning pro at the end of 1956. He again come close to winning the Masters in 1958 and 1960, both times being edged out by Arnold Palmer.
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Kendra Wilkinson
Kendra Leigh Baskett (née Wilkinson; born June 12, 1985), professionally known by her maiden name, is an American television personality and glamour model. She is widely known for being one of Hugh Hefner's three girlfriends and for her role on the E! reality television series The Girls Next Door, on which her life in the Playboy Mansion was documented.
Although not a Playboy Playmate, she has appeared in three nude pictorials with her Girls Next Door costars and fellow Hefner girlfriends Holly Madison and Bridget Marquardt. Her own reality series, Kendra, debuted in June 2009.
Kendra Wilkinson is of Irish, Ukrainian, and English descent. She is the elder of two children; her younger brother is Colin. Her mother, Patti, was originally from Cherry Hill, New Jersey, and had been a cheerleader for the Philadelphia Eagles. Her father, Eric, was raised in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, and Ocean City, New Jersey, before moving to San Diego, California at age 15. He received a degree in biochemistry from the University of California, San Diego, and went on to found several biotechnology companies before retiring at the age of 48. Patti and Eric married on November 5, 1983. They divorced on March 25, 1994, when Kendra was eight. Her grandmother Gloria Wilkinson died in December 2004.
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Kenny G
Kenneth Bruce Gorelick (born June 5, 1956), better known by his stage name Kenny G, is an American adult contemporary and smooth jazz saxophonist. His fourth album, Duotones, brought him breakthrough success in 1986. Kenny G is the biggest-selling instrumental musician of the modern era, with global sales totaling more than 75 million albums.
Kenny G was born in Seattle, Washington to a Jewish family and grew up in the city's Seward Park neighborhood, which is a center of the city's Jewish community. He came into contact with a saxophone when he heard someone performing with one on The Ed Sullivan Show. He started playing the saxophone in 1966 when he was 10 years old. He learned how to play under the direction of local trumpeter Gerald Pfister and by practicing along with records (mostly of Grover Washington, Jr.), trying to emulate the sounds that he was hearing. His first saxophone was a Buffet Crampon alto.
Kenny G attended Whitworth Elementary School, Sharples Junior High School, Franklin High School, and the University of Washington, all in his home town of Seattle. When he entered high school, he failed on his first try to get into the jazz band, but tried again the following year and earned first chair. In addition to his studies while in high school, he took private lessons on the saxophone and clarinet from Johnny Jessen, once a week for a year.
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Kipchoge Keino
Kipchoge ("Kip") Keino (born 17 January 1940), chairman of the Kenyan Olympic Committee (KOC), is a retired Kenyan track and field athlete and two-time Olympic gold medalist. Kip Keino was among the first in a long line of successful middle and long distance runners to come from the country and has helped and inspired many of his fellow countrymen and women to become the athletics force that they are today.
Keino was born in Kipsamo, Nandi District, Kenya. Both of his parents died while he was young. He was then brought up by his aunt. After finishing school, he joined Kenya Police. Before taking athletics, he played rugby
He began his international career at the 1962 Commonwealth Games in Perth, Australia where he came eleventh in the three miles. At the 1964 Summer Olympics he finished fifth in 5000 m and barely missed the 1500 m final.
On 27 August 1965, Keino lowered the 3000 m world record by over 6 seconds to 7:39.6 at his first attempt at the distance. He won two gold medals (1500 & 5000 metres) at the inaugural All-Africa Games. Later in that year he broke the 5000 m world record held by Ron Clarke clocking 13:24.2. At the 1966 Commonwealth Games in Kingston, Jamaica he won both the mile run and three mile run. In the next Commonwealth Games, Keino won the 1500 metres and was third in the 5000 metres.
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Kirstie Alley
Kirstie Louise Alley (born January 12, 1951) is an American actress known for her role in the TV show Cheers, in which she played Rebecca Howe from 1987–1993, winning an Emmy Award and a Golden Globe Award as the Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series in 1991. She is also known for her role in the thriller Shoot to Kill and the Look Who's Talking film series as Mollie Ubriacco. More recently, Alley has appeared in reality shows revolving around her life.
Kirstie Alley was born in Wichita, Kansas, the daughter of Lillian Mickie (née Heaton), a homemaker, and Robert Deal Alley, who owned a lumber company. She has two siblings, Colette and Craig. Alley attended Wichita Southeast High School, graduating in 1969. She attended college at Kansas State University in 1969. In 1981, a car accident caused by a drunk driver killed her mother and left her father seriously injured. Her father eventually recovered. Kirstie came to Los Angeles to work as an interior designer and appeared as a contestant on the popular game show Match Game, where she won multiple games. She also appeared on the game show Password Plus in 1980.
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Lance Armstrong
Lance Edward Armstrong (born Lance Edward Gunderson on September 18, 1971) is an American former professional road racing cyclist who won the Tour de France a record seven consecutive times after having survived testicular cancer. He is also the founder and chairman of the Lance Armstrong Foundation for cancer research and support. He last rode for UCI ProTeam Team RadioShack, a team he helped found.
In October 1996 he was diagnosed as having testicular cancer with a tumor that had metastasized to his brain and lungs. His cancer treatments included brain and testicular surgery and extensive chemotherapy, and his prognosis was originally poor. He went on to win the Tour de France each year from 1999 to 2005, and is the only person to win seven times having broken the previous record of five wins shared by Miguel Indurain, Bernard Hinault, Eddy Merckx, and Jacques Anquetil.
In 1999, he was named the ABC Wide World of Sports Athlete of the Year. In 2000 he won the Prince of Asturias Award in Sports. In 2002, Sports Illustrated magazine named him Sportsman of the Year. He was also named Associated Press Male Athlete of the Year for the years 2002–2005. He received ESPN's ESPY Award for Best Male Athlete in 2003, 2004, 2005, and 2006, and won the BBC Sports Personality of the Year Overseas Personality Award in 2003. Armstrong announced his retirement from racing on July 24, 2005, at the end of the 2005 Tour de France but returned to competitive cycling in January 2009 and finished third in the 2009 Tour de France. He confirmed he had retired from competitive cycling for good on February 16, 2011.
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Larry Holmes
Larry Holmes (born November 3, 1949) is a former professional boxer. He grew up in Easton, Pennsylvania, which gave birth to his boxing nickname, The Easton Assassin.
Holmes, whose left jab is considered one of the greatest weapons in the history of sports, was the WBC Heavyweight Champion from 1978 to 1983, The Ring Heavyweight Champion from 1980 to 1985, and the IBF Heavyweight Champion from 1983 to 1985. He made twenty successful title defenses, second only to Joe Louis' twenty-five.
Holmes won his first forty-eight professional bouts, almost matching Rocky Marciano's streak of 49 straight wins, including victories over Ken Norton, Muhammad Ali, Gerry Cooney, and Marvis Frazier. He is frequently ranked by many boxing experts as one of the greatest heavyweight fighters of all time.
Holmes was the fourth of twelve children born to John and Flossie Holmes. When the family moved to Easton in 1954, Holmes' father went to Connecticut, where he worked as a gardener until his death in 1970. He visited his family every three weeks. "He didn't forsake us," said Flossie Holmes. "He just didn't have anything to give." The family survived on welfare.
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Lee Trevino
Lee Buck Trevino (born December 1, 1939) is a Mexican American professional golfer. He is an icon for Mexican Americans, and is often referred to as "The Merry Mex" and "Supermex". He won six major championships over the course of his career.
Trevino was born in Dallas, Texas into a family of Mexican ancestry. He was raised by his mother, Juanita Trevino, and his grandfather, Joe Trevino, a gravedigger. Trevino never knew his father, Joseph Trevino, who left when his son was small. Trevino's childhood consisted of attending school occasionally and working to earn money for the family. At age five, he started working in the cotton fields.
Trevino was introduced to golf when his uncle gave him a few golf balls and an old golf club. He then spent his free time sneaking into nearby country clubs to practice, and began as a caddy at the Dallas Athletic Club. He soon began caddying full-time. Trevino had to leave school at 14 to go to work. He earned $30 a week as a caddy and a shoeshiner. He was also able to practice golf, since the caddies had three short holes behind their shack. After work, he would hit at least 300 balls. Trevino has claimed to have earned extra money by challenging competitors to rounds of golf where he used only a shovel and taped-up 32-ounce glass Dr. Pepper bottle.
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Leo Randolph
Leo Randolph (born February 27, 1958 in Tacoma, Washington) is a former American boxer, who won the Flyweight Gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics.
Randolph had an outstanding amateur career. Randolph was a product of the Tacoma Boys Club amateur program, along with fellow Olympic Gold Medalist Sugar Ray Seales, and future world champions Rocky Lockridge and Johnny Bumphus. Randolph was trained as an amateur and professional by Joe Clough, the head trainer at the Tacoma Boys Club. In 1975 he was the National Golden Gloves Flyweight champion. He was a National AAU flyweight champion, and was the 1976 Olympic Flyweight Gold Medalist.
Olympic Results were as follows:
Randolph turned pro in 1978. In 1980, he challenged Ricardo Cardona for the WBA Super Bantamweight Title and won via TKO in the 15th round. In his next fight, he lost his title to Sergio Palma via TKO in the 5th. Randolph retired after the bout.
Leo now resides in his hometown of Tacoma. After boxing, he started working for the Pierce Transit public bus company in 1988. He works as a Transit Operator and supervisor.
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Leon Spinks
Leon Spinks (born July 11, 1953 in St. Louis, Missouri) is a former American boxer. He had an overall record of 26 wins, 17 losses and 3 draws as a professional, with 14 knockout wins, and was the former World Boxing Council and World Boxing Association heavyweight champion of the world. While still an amateur, he also became a member of the United States Marine Corps.
Spinks defeated 36-year-old Muhammad Ali for the undisputed heavyweight championship in what was regarded as one of the bigger upsets in boxing, but later was stripped of the WBC title for fighting Ali in a rematch in a fight which he lost via 15-round unanimous decision. In addition to being heavyweight champion and a gap-toothed grin (due to Spinks losing two and later all four of his front teeth), Spinks has become just as famous for the fall from grace he suffered after his career took a downward slide following his loss to Ali.
He won the gold medal in the light heavyweight division during the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, alongside brother Michael Spinks, who also won a gold medal in those games. Two years earlier, at the inaugural 1974 World Amateur Boxing Championships in Havana, Cuba, he captured the bronze medal. His Olympic teammates included Sugar Ray Leonard, Leo Randolph and Howard Davis Jr.
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Luther Vandross
Luther Vandross (April 20, 1951 – July 1, 2005) was an American singer-songwriter and record producer. During his career, Vandross sold over twenty-five million albums and won eight Grammy Awards including Best Male R&B Vocal Performance four times. He won four Grammy Awards in 2004 including the Grammy Award for Song of the Year for the track "Dance with My Father", co-written with Richard Marx.
Luther Vandross was born on April 20, 1951 at Bellevue Hospital in Manhattan, New York City, United States. He was the fourth child and second son to Mary Ida Vandross and Luther Vandross, Sr.
Born on the Lower East Side of Manhattan in New York City in the NYCHA Alfred E. Smith Houses public housing development, Vandross began playing the piano at the age of three. He grew up in a musical family that moved to the Bronx when he was thirteen. His sister, Patricia, sang with the vocal group The Crests, who had a number two hit in 1958 with "16 Candles", though she left the group before the recording. Vandross's father died of diabetes when Vandross was eight years old. Luther Vandross was in a high school group, Shades of Jade, that once played at the Apollo Theater in Harlem. He was also a member of a theater workshop, "Listen My Brother" who released the singles "Only Love Can Make a Better World" and "Listen My Brother", and appeared on the second and fifth episodes of Sesame Street in November 1969.
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Lynn Swann
Lynn Curtis Swann (born March 7, 1952) is an American former professional football player, sportscaster, and current politician. In 2006, he was the Republican nominee to run against the incumbent Ed Rendell for Pennsylvania Governor.
Swann was born in Alcoa, Tennessee, in the foothills of the Great Smoky Mountains near Knoxville.
The Swann family moved to San Mateo, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area when Lynn was 2. As a youth, Swann was raised in neighboring Foster City and attended Junípero Serra High School, where in addition to playing football he was a track star, leaping 24' 10" in the long jump.
On June 10, 1979, during the summer after winning Super Bowl XIII, Swann married Bernadette Robi, the daughter of singer Paul Robi of The Platters. The pair divorced in 1983, and she is currently married to boxing legend Sugar Ray Leonard.
On June 23, 1991, Swann married Charena (née Shaffer), a psychologist, and they have two sons, Braxton and Shafer. Shafer is attending Central Catholic High School, and Braxton is attending Sewickley Academy.
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Manuel Félix Díaz
Manuel Félix Díaz Guzman (born 10 December 1983) is a professional boxer from the Dominican Republic who won Olympic Gold in 2008. Díaz Guzman had also won the bronze medal in the same division in 2003, at the Pan American Games in Santo Domingo.
The aggressive southpaw brawler participated in the 2004 Summer Olympics for his native Caribbean country. There he was stopped in the first round of the Lightweight (60 kg) division by Kazakhstan's eventual bronze medalist Serik Yeleuov.
At the PanAm Games 2007 he lost the quarterfinal 12:13 to Inocente Fiss. He qualified for the 2008 Olympics by defeating Myke Carvalho 8:6.
In Beijing though, he won all five bouts and sensationally won Gold against reigning champion Manus Boonjumnong of Thailand. It was the nation's second ever Olympic gold after Félix Sánchez in 2004 and the second boxing medal after Pedro Nolasco won a bronze in Los Angeles in 1984.
2004 (as a lightweight)
2008 (as a Light welterweight)
2007 (as a Light welterweight)
He turned pro in 2009.
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Manus Boonjumnong
Manus Boonjumnong (Thai: มนัส บุญจำนงค์, born June 23, 1980) is a Thai boxer who won the Olympics at Light Welterweight (60–64 kg) at the 2004 Summer Olympics . He is the brother of Non Boonjumnong.
At the 2003 World Amateur Boxing Championships in his home country Bangkok, the light-footed counterpuncher won the bronze medal losing to Russian Alexander Maletin.
In 2006 he made a successful comeback when he was crowned Asian champion. He narrowly defeated reigning 2005 world champion Serik Sapiyev at the tournament although he was knocked down.
In Chicago at the 2007 World Amateur Boxing Championships he was upset early against Japanese Masatsugu Kawachi.
Boonjumnong qualified for the Athens Games by ending up in first place at the 1st AIBA Asian 2004 Olympic Qualifying Tournament in Guangzhou, PR China. In the final he defeated Kazakhstan's Nurzhan Karimzhanov. In Athens he beat reigning world champion Willy Blain and the Cuban Yudel Johnson in the final and won gold.
2004 Olympic Results
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Mark Burnett
Mark Burnett (born 17 July 1960) is a British television producer, based in Los Angeles. He is best known as the producer of Survivor and the creator of the Apprentice. Burnett is currently the executive producer of five network television series with seven hours of network programming. His current series are Survivor, Celebrity Apprentice, The Voice, Are You Smarter Than a Fifth Grader?, Shark Tank, and The People's Choice Awards. Works with which Burnett is associated have won multiple awards and recognition. Burnett himself has also won four Emmy Awards and four People's Choice Awards.
Three new upcoming series for Burnett are Robogeddon on Discovery with film director, James Cameron, Stars Earn Stripes, a collaboration with Dick Wolf for NBC that features military and law enforcement personnel teamed with celebrities , and an Alaska themed docu-series for Discovery.
During his career, Burnett has worked closely with many influential producers and stars, including Steven Spielberg, Tom Cruise, Oprah Winfrey, Martha Stewart, Sarah Palin, and Jeff Foxworthy, among others.
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Mark McGwire
Mark David McGwire (born October 1, 1963), nicknamed "Big Mac", is an American former professional baseball player who played his major league career with the Oakland Athletics and the St. Louis Cardinals. He is currently the hitting coach for the St. Louis Cardinals.
For his career, McGwire averaged a home run once every 10.61 at bats, the lowest at bats per home run ratio in baseball history (Babe Ruth is second at 11.76). In 1987, he broke the single-season home run record for rookies, with 49. In 1998, McGwire and Sammy Sosa achieved national fame for their home run-hitting prowess in pursuit of Roger Maris' single season home run record; McGwire broke the record and hit 70 home runs that year.Barry Bonds now holds the record, after hitting 73 home runs during the 2001 season.
After three years at Southern California and a stint on the 1984 U.S. Olympic team, McGwire was drafted 10th overall by the Oakland Athletics in the 1984 Major League Baseball Draft.
McGwire made the major leagues in August. As a rookie in 1987 he hit 33 homers before the All-Star break and was a unanimous choice for AL Rookie of the Year after finishing with 49 homers, 118 RBI and a .289 average. His 49 longballs smashed the old rookie record of 38, jointly held by Frank Robinson and Wally Berger. He sat out the season's final two games and gave up a chance at 50 home runs to be present at the birth of his first child.
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Mary Decker
Mary Slaney (born Mary Teresa Decker August 4, 1958, Bunnvale, Hunterdon County, New Jersey) is an American former track athlete. During her career, she won gold medals in the 1500 meters and 3000 meters at the 1983 World Championships, and set 17 official and unofficial world records and 36 US national records.
Mary Decker was born in Bunnvale, Hunterdon County, New Jersey. A decade later her family moved to Southern California, where Decker started running. A year later, aged 11, she won her first local competition.
She joined her school athletics club and a local track club, and completely immersed herself in running, for which she would pay an injury-laden price later in her career. Aged 12, in one week she completed a marathon and four middle- and long-distance races, ending the week with an appendectomy operation.
In her early teens, Decker was already recognized as a world-class runner. Unable to attend the 1972 Olympics as she was too young, the pigtailed 89 pounds (40 kg) 14 year old nicknamed "Little Mary Decker," won international acclaim in 1973 with a win in the 800 meters at a US-Soviet meet in Minsk, beating the later Olympic silver medallist.
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Mary Lou Retton
Mary Lou Retton (born January 24, 1968) is an American gymnast and Olympic gold medalist. She was the first female gymnast from outside Eastern Europe to win the Olympic all-around title.
Retton was born in Fairmont, West Virginia, of Italian heritage (her family's original surname was "Rotunda"). Her father, Ronnie, operated a coal-industry transportation equipment business. She attended Fairmont Senior High School, but did not graduate. She competed in the Olympic games during her sophomore year.
Retton lived in Houston, Texas until 2009, when her family returned to West Virginia. She is married to former Houston real estate developer Shannon Kelley, who now works for the Fairmont State University athletic department. Together they have four daughters: Shayla Rae Kelley (born 1995), McKenna Lane Kelley (born 1997), Skyla Brae Kelley (born 2000), and Emma Jean Kelley (born 2002).
Inspired by watching Nadia Comăneci on television, Retton took up gymnastics in her hometown of Fairmont. She was coached by Gary Rafaloski. She then decided to move to Houston, Texas, to train under Romanians Béla and Márta Károlyi, who had coached Nadia Comăneci before their defection to the United States. Under the Károlyis, Retton soon began to make a name for herself in the United States, winning the American Cup in 1983 and placing second to Dianne Durham (another Károlyi student) at the US Nationals that same year. Retton missed the World Championships in 1983 due to a wrist injury. Nevertheless, Retton won the American Classic in 1983 and 1984, as well as Japan's Chunichi Cup in 1983.
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Mauro Galvano
Mauro Galvano (born 30 March 1964 in Fiumicino, Roma) was a professional boxer and former WBC Super Middleweight Champion.
As an amateur, Galvano was the 1984 Italian Middleweight Champion and the 1985 Italian Light-Heavyweight Champion.
Galvano turned pro in 1986 and won the Vacant WBC Super Middleweight Title with a decision win over Dario Walter Matteoni in 1990. He defended the belt twice before losing it to Nigel Benn via TKO in 1992. In the rematch with Benn in 1993, Galvano again came up short in a decision loss. He retired in 1997.
Career Record: Won 30 (KOs 7) Lost 8 Drawn 2 Total 40
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Michael Jordan
Michael Jeffrey Jordan (born February 17, 1963) is a retired American professional basketball player, active entrepreneur, and majority owner of the Charlotte Bobcats. His biography on the National Basketball Association (NBA) website states, "By acclamation, Michael Jordan is the greatest basketball player of all time." Jordan was one of the most effectively marketed athletes of his generation and was considered instrumental in popularizing the NBA around the world in the 1980s and 1990s.
After a three-season career at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where he was a member of the Tar Heels' national championship team in 1982, Jordan joined the NBA's Chicago Bulls in 1984. He quickly emerged as a league star, entertaining crowds with his prolific scoring. His leaping ability, illustrated by performing slam dunks from the free throw line in slam dunk contests, earned him the nicknames "Air Jordan" and "His Airness". He also gained a reputation for being one of the best defensive players in basketball. In 1991, he won his first NBA championship with the Bulls, and followed that achievement with titles in 1992 and 1993, securing a "three-peat". Although Jordan abruptly retired from basketball at the beginning of the 1993–94 NBA season to pursue a career in baseball, he rejoined the Bulls in 1995 and led them to three additional championships (1996, 1997, and 1998) as well as an NBA-record 72 regular-season wins in the 1995–96 NBA season. Jordan retired for a second time in 1999, but returned for two more NBA seasons from 2001 to 2003 as a member of the Washington Wizards.
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Michael Phelps
Michael Fred Phelps (born June 30, 1985) is an American swimmer who has, overall, won 16 Olympic medals—six gold and two bronze at Athens in 2004, and eight gold at Beijing in 2008, becoming the most successful athlete at both of these Olympic Games editions. In doing so he has twice equaled the record eight medals of any type at a single Olympics achieved by Soviet gymnast Alexander Dityatin at the 1980 Moscow Summer Games. His five gold medals in individual events tied the single Games record set by compatriot Eric Heiden in the 1980 Winter Olympics and equaled by Vitaly Scherbo at the 1992 Summer Games. Phelps holds the record for the most gold medals won in a single Olympics; his eight at the 2008 Beijing Games surpassed American swimmer Mark Spitz's seven-gold performance at Munich in 1972. Phelps' Olympic medal total is second only to the 18 Soviet gymnast Larisa Latynina won over three Olympics, including nine gold. Phelps also holds the all-time record for most gold Olympic medals, at 14.
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Michael Spinks
Michael Spinks (born July 13, 1956 in St. Louis, Missouri) is a retired American boxer who was a world champion in the light-heavyweight and heavyweight divisions. Nicknamed Jinx, which spawned the nickname of his right hand: The Spinks Jinx, he is the brother of former heavyweight champion Leon Spinks, and uncle of Cory Spinks, a former welterweight and light middleweight champion.
Spinks won the 1974 156-pound Golden Gloves Light Middleweight Championship by defeating Wilber Cameron in Denver, Colorado and then took the Silver Medal in the National AAU 165-pound Championship Competition in 1975, losing in three rounds to Tom Sullivan in Shreveport, Louisiana. He rebounded to take the 1976 National Golden Gloves Middleweight championship with a three-round victory over Lamont Kirkland in Miami, Florida, and that same year captured the United States Olympic Trials Middleweight Championship by defeating Keith Broom in Cincinnati, Ohio. He went on to defeat the Soviet Union’s Rufat Riskiev to win the Gold Medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal. Spinks finished with a 93-7 amateur record with 35 knockouts.
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Mike Krzyzewski
Michael William "Mike" Krzyzewski ( /ʃəˈʃɛvski/ shə-SHEV-ski; Polish: Krzyżewski [kʂɨˈʐɛ(f)ski]; nicknamed "Coach K"; born February 13, 1947) is an American basketball coach and former player. Since 1980, he has served as the head men's basketball coach at Duke University. At Duke, Krzyzewski has led the Blue Devils to four NCAA Championships, 11 Final Fours, 12 Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) regular season titles, and 13 ACC Tournament championships. Krzyzewski is also the coach of the United States men's national basketball team, whom he led to a gold medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics and the 2010 FIBA World Championship. He was an assistant coach on the 1992 "Dream Team".
From 1975 to 1980, Krzyzewski was the head basketball coach at the United States Military Academy, where he played from 1966 to 1969 under Bob Knight. Krzyzewski has amassed a record 79 NCAA tournament victories, while averaging 25 wins per season. He was elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame following the 2001 season. On November 15, 2011, Krzyzewski led Duke to a 74–69 victory over Michigan State at Madison Square Garden to become the winningest coach in NCAA Division I men's basketball history. Krzyzewski's 903rd victory surpassed the previous record of 902, held by his former coach, Bob Knight.
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Milton McCrory
Milton McCrory (born February 7, 1962 in Detroit, MI) was a professional boxer in the welterweight (147lb) division.
Milton had a reported amateur record of 105-15.He lost in the 1979 National AAU finals to Lemuel Steeples and in the Olympic Trials to Johnny Bumphus.
McCrory is the brother of former champion Steve McCrory.
Known as "Ice Man", McCrory turned pro in 1980 an won his first 20 bouts, establishing himself as the unified #1 contender for the welterweight title at the time of Ray Leonard retirement. He won the vacant WBC belt in a rematch with Colin Jones, drawing with him in the initial mathcup. He defended the title four times before losing the belt via KO in a unification match with Donald Curry in 1985. He later moved up to Light Middleweight and challenged Mike McCallum for his WBA Light Middleweight Title in 1987, but lost via 10th round TKO. He retired in 1991 after losing 2 of his last 4 fights. In his last bout he scored a first round Knockout of Robert Curry.
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Muhammad Ali
Muhammad Ali (born Cassius Marcellus Clay, Jr.; January 17, 1942) is an American former professional boxer, philanthropist and social activist. Considered a cultural icon, Ali was both idolized and vilified.
Originally known as Cassius Clay, Ali changed his name after joining the Nation of Islam in 1964, subsequently converting to Sunni Islam in 1975, and more recently practicing Sufism.[clarification needed] In 1967, three years after Ali had won the World Heavyweight Championship, he was publicly vilified for his refusal to be conscripted into the U.S. military, based on his religious beliefs and opposition to the Vietnam War. Ali stated, "I ain't got no quarrel with them Viet Cong... No Viet Cong ever called me nigger" – one of the more telling remarks of the era.
Widespread protests against the Vietnam War had not yet begun, but with that one phrase, Ali articulated the reason to oppose the war for a generation of young Americans, and his words served as a touchstone for the racial and antiwar upheavals that would rock the 1960s. Ali's example inspired Martin Luther King Jr. – who had been reluctant to alienate the Johnson Administration and its support of the civil rights agenda – to voice his own opposition to the war for the first time.
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Octavio Meyran
Octavio Meyran Sanchez is a former Mexican boxing referee.
During his career Meyran took charge of over twenty world title fights. Among the bouts he refereed were the infamous No Más fight between Roberto Durán and Sugar Ray Leonard in 1980, Wilfredo Gómez's WBC Featherweight title-winning effort against Juan Laporte, Gomez's loss in his first defense of that title to Azumah Nelson, and Buster Douglas' upset win over Mike Tyson in 1990. After the latter fight, in an unsuccessful attempt to have the result overturned, Meyran was accused by Tyson's manager Don King of giving Douglas a "slow count".
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Orel Hershiser
Orel Leonard Hershiser IV (born September 16, 1958) is an American former right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball. He is currently an analyst for Baseball Tonight and Sunday Night Baseball on ESPN and a professional poker player for PokerStars. In 1988, he won the Gold Glove, Cy Young Award, the NLCS MVP and the World Series MVP with the Dodgers.
Known for his slight frame and fierce competitive spirit, Hershiser was nicknamed "Bulldog" by team manager Tommy Lasorda.
Hershiser was born in Buffalo, New York to Mildred I. Gillman and Orel Leonard Hershiser III. From 1973 to 1975, he participated in ice hockey with the Don Mills Flyers of the Greater Toronto Hockey League. He attended Cherry Hill High School East in Cherry Hill, New Jersey, where he was the star pitcher on the school's baseball team. He first caught the attention of pro scouts as a pitcher at Bowling Green State University in Bowling Green, Ohio where he was a member of the Sigma Phi Epsilon fraternity.
Hershiser was selected by the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 17th round of the 1979 amateur draft and was assigned to their Class A farm team, Clinton Dodgers. He spent four more seasons in the minor leagues with AA San Antonio Dodgers and AAA Albuquerque Dukes before being called up to the major leagues.
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Pat Summitt
Patricia "Pat" Head Summitt (born on June 14, 1952 in Clarksville, Tennessee) is a former women's college basketball head coach. She now serves as the head coach emeritus of the Tennessee Lady Vols basketball team. She is the all-time winningest coach in NCAA basketball history of either a men's or women's team in any division. She coached from 1974 to 2012, all with the Lady Vols, winning eight NCAA national championships, second only to the record 10 titles won by UCLA men's coach John Wooden. Summitt is the only coach in NCAA history, and one of three college coaches overall, with 1,000 victories. She was named the Naismith Basketball Coach of the Century in April 2000. In 2009, the Sporting News placed her number 11 on its list of the 50 Greatest Coaches of All Time in all sports; she was the only woman on the list. In 38 years as a coach, she never had a losing season. On April 20, 2012, the White House announced that Pat Summitt would be awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama.
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Patrick López
Patrick López (born March 17, 1978 in Tinaco, Cojedes) is a light-welterweight boxer from Venezuela. He won the gold medal at the 2003 Pan American Games.
Lopez is a southpaw who won the 2002 Central American and Caribbean Games and the 2003 PanAm Games.
He represented his country at two consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 2000 in Sydney, Australia.
Nicknamed El Elegante he turned professional on December 13, 2004. As of 2008 his record is 13-1.
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Patrizio Oliva
Patrizio Oliva (born January 28, 1959 in Naples, Italy) is an Italian former boxer, who won the gold medal in the light welterweight division at the 1980 Moscow Olympics as an amateur and the WBA World light welterweight title as a professional.
Patrizio is one of seven brothers born to Rocco and Catena Oliva.
Oliva was introduced to boxing through his father Rocco and his brother Mario's passion for the sport. One of his brother, Ciro, died and Oliva dedicated a number of his fights to the memory of Ciro and also named his first son after him.
Oliva had a successful amateur career and won 93 of his 96 fights winning the Italian, European and Olympic titles.
At international level Oliva won the 1978 European Junior Championships in Dublin, Ireland and silver medal at the 1979 European Senior Championships in Cologne, West Germany. Oliva was beaten by Russian boxer Serik Konakbaev in the final of the Cologne championship and stated that his fight against Konakbaev was the hardest of his career. The following year he represented his country and boxed at the Olympic Games for Italy and would again face Konakbaev.
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Patty Sheehan
Patty Sheehan (born October 27, 1956) is an American professional golfer. She became a member of the LPGA Tour in 1980 and won six major championships and 35 LPGA Tour events in all. She is a member of the World Golf Hall of Fame.
Sheehan also hosts the Patty Sheehan & Friends, which is a tournament on the Legends Tour. Patty Sheehan & Friends helps aid women and children's charities all across Northern Nevada.
Sheehan was born in Middlebury, Vermont. She attended Earl Wooster High School in Reno, Nevada. She won three straight Nevada high school championships (1972–74), three straight Nevada State Amateurs (1975–78) and two straight California Women's Amateurs (1977–78). She was the runner-up at the 1979 U.S. Women's Amateur, then was the 1980 AIAW (predecessor of the NCAA) national collegiate champion. She went 4-0 as a member of the 1980 U.S. Curtis Cup team. She attended University of Nevada and San Jose State University.
Sheehan turned professional and joined the LPGA Tour in 1980. She won LPGA Rookie of the Year honors in 1981 with her first professional victory coming at the Mazda Japan Classic. She was strong throughout the 1980s, winning four times in both 1983 and 1984, and winning the LPGA Championship in both seasons. She won LPGA Tour Player of the Year in 1983 and was one of several athletes named Sports Illustrated Sportsman of the Year in 1987.
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Pete Ranzany
Pete Ranzany (born April 6, 1952 in Sacramento, California) was an amateur boxer who represented the U.S. Army from 1970 to 1973. He defeated future welterweight champion Carlos Palomino at the 1972 Olympic Trials, but lost to eventual gold medalist Sugar Ray Seales in the finals.
A conventional boxer with a solid jab and vicious left hook he utilized to the body of his opponents, he was known to take opponents out with one single shot to the liver. His trainer, Joey Lopes—also a one-time fighter in the Sacramento region—was often criticized for protecting Ranzany, thus giving Ranzany the label of a "hometown fighter."
Ranzany rose to the rank of number-one challenger in the world in the late 1970s where he fought as a welterweight. Ranzany knocked out Randy Shields on February 14, 1978, in the 11th round to earn the NABF welterweight title.
On September 9, 1978, Ranzany fought for the world WBA welterweight title against title holder Jose "Pipino" Cuevas, before a crowd of over 17,000 people in the outdoor Charles C. Hughes Stadium. After doing well in the first round, Ranzany was knocked out by a right-hand blow from Cuevas in the 2nd round.
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Pete Rose
Peter Edward Rose (born April 14, 1941), nicknamed "Charlie Hustle", is a former Major League Baseball player and manager. Rose played from 1963 to 1986, and managed from 1984 to 1989.
Rose, a switch hitter, is the all-time Major League leader in hits (4,256), games played (3,562), at-bats (14,053) and outs (10,328). He won three World Series rings, three batting titles, one Most Valuable Player Award, two Gold Gloves, the Rookie of the Year Award, and made 17 All-Star appearances at an unequaled five different positions (2B, LF, RF, 3B & 1B).
In August 1989, three years after he retired as an active player, Rose agreed to permanent ineligibility from baseball amidst accusations that he gambled on baseball games while playing for and managing the Reds, including claims that he bet on his own team. In 1991, the Baseball Hall of Fame formally voted to ban those on the "permanently ineligible" list from induction, after previously excluding such players by informal agreement among voters. In 2004, after years of public denial, Rose admitted to betting on baseball and on, but not against, the Reds. The issue of Rose's possible re-instatement, and election, to the Hall of Fame remains a contentious one throughout baseball.
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Pete Rozelle
Alvin Ray "Pete" Rozelle (/rɵˈzɛl/; March 1, 1926 – December 6, 1996) was the commissioner of the National Football League (NFL) from January 1960 to November 1989, when he retired from office. Rozelle is credited with making the NFL into one of the most successful sports leagues in the world.
Rozelle was born in South Gate, California and grew up in neighboring Lynwood, California during the Great Depression. He graduated from Compton High School in 1944, lettering in baseball and basketball. He was drafted into the Navy in 1944 and served 18 months in the Pacific on an oil tanker. Rozelle began his career at the University of San Francisco, working as a student publicist for the school's football team. He had already worked in public relations for the Los Angeles Rams front office and while in the athletic office at USF he marketed the Don's National Invitation Tournament championship basketball season of 1949 into a national media event. He graduated from USF in 1950.
He held a series of public relations jobs in Southern California, marketing the 1956 Olympics in Melbourne, Australia for a Los Angeles based company. He joined the Los Angeles Rams as its public relations specialist. By 1957, Rozelle was offered the GM job with the Rams. He turned a disorganized, unprofitable team, lost in the growing LA market, into a business success.
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Petra Němcová
Petra Němcová (Czech pronunciation: [ˈpɛtra ˈɲɛmtsovaː]; born 24 June 1979 in Karviná, Czechoslovakia, now Czech Republic) is a Czech model, television host, author, and philanthropist. She is the founder and chair of the Happy Hearts Fund. In December 2004, she was injured in Thailand by a tsunami resulting from the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake; her fiancé, photographer Simon Atlee, was killed in the tsunami.
Petra Němcová was born June 24, 1979 in Communist Czechoslovakia. She grew up in Karvina with her sister Olga. As a child she was teased at school for sharing her name with the famous Czech author Bozena Němcová. She was scouted on the streets of Prague by "Next Model Management". Upon signing with the renowned agency Němcová moved to Milan.
Petra Němcová was scouted walking through the streets in Prague. In 1995 she won the Czech Elite Model Look. Upon signing with Next Models, Němcová moved to Milan where her career flourished. She was featured in campaigns for Benetton, Bulgari Sunglasses, Cartier, Clarins, Cortefiel, Dirk Bikkembergs, Fortunoff, Graff, HP Intel Personal Computer, HS, Intimissimi, John Lewis, Lancaster, La Perla, La Senza, Maidenform, Max Factor, Pantene Pro-V, Passport, Playtex, Rampage, Schwarzkopf, Victoria's Secret, and Wild Orchid. Additionally, she has appeared on the covers of Madame Figaro, Elle, Shape, Cosmopolitan, Flare, Vegas, Glamour, FHM, and Sports Illustrated. From 2000 to 2004, she has walked for designers Lolita Lempicka, Gai Mattiolo Erreuno, Matthew Williamson, Custo Barceloa, Blunauta, Dirk Bikkembergs, Gugliemo Cappone, Luciano soprani, Marina Babini,Yumi Katsura, Akadius, and Michino Koshino.
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Quincy Taylor
Quincy Taylor (born July 18, 1963 in Dallas, Texas), was a professional boxer in the Middleweight (160lb) division.
Taylor, a southpaw, turned pro in 1986. In 1987, he nearly KO´d Sugar Ray Leonard whilst sparring in preperation for Leonard's match against World Middleweight Champion 'Marvelous' Marvin Hagler. In 1994 landed a shot at WBC Middleweight Title holder Julian Jackson. Taylor scored a shocking upset TKO victory over Jackson, but lost the title in his next fight to Keith Holmes. After a two year layoff and a victory in 1998, followed by a three year layoff and a victory in 2001, Taylor retired from boxing. In 2010 he works at Fed-ex for the City of Lufkin. When he is not working, he is coaching the amateur boxers at the Boys and Girls Club. He trains alongside with them.
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Rafer Johnson
Rafer Lewis Johnson (born August 18, 1935) is an American former decathlete and film actor.
Johnson was born in Hillsboro, Texas, but the family moved to Kingsburg, California, when he was nine. For a while, they were the only black family in the town. A versatile athlete, he played on Kingsburg High School's football, baseball and basketball teams. He was also elected class president in both junior high and high school. At 16, he became attracted to the decathlon after seeing double Olympic champion Bob Mathias compete and told his coach, "I could have beaten most of those guys."
He competed in his first meet in 1954 as a freshman at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). His progress in the event was impressive; he broke the world record in his fourth competition. He pledged Pi Lambda Phi fraternity, America's first nondiscriminatory fraternity, and was class president at UCLA. In 1955, in Mexico City, he won the title at the Pan American Games.
Johnson qualified for both the decathlon and the long jump events for the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne. However, he was hampered by an injury and forfeited his place in the long jump. Despite this handicap, he managed to take second place in the decathlon behind compatriot Milt Campbell. It would turn out to be his last defeat in the event.
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Ralph Macchio
Ralph George Macchio (pronounced /ˈmɑːtʃi.oʊ/) (born November 4, 1961) is an American actor, best known for his roles as Daniel LaRusso in the Karate Kid series, Bill Gambini in My Cousin Vinny, and Johnny Cade in The Outsiders. He is also known to American television audiences for his recurring role as Jeremy Andretti in the fifth season of the television comedy-drama Eight Is Enough. He also appeared on the television comedy Ugly Betty in the recurring role of Archie, a local Queens politician. He competed on the twelfth season of Dancing with the Stars.
Macchio, an Italian American, was born on November 4, 1961, in Huntington, New York.
Macchio first appeared on American television commercials for products such as Bubble Yum and Dr Pepper. His on-screen debut was in the 1980 film Up the Academy, and his first major role was playing Jeremy Andretti in the television series Eight Is Enough. In 1983, he appeared as Johnny Cade in The Outsiders alongside many young actors who had yet to become major stars, such as C. Thomas Howell, Tom Cruise, Emilio Estevez, Patrick Swayze, Rob Lowe, and Matt Dillon.
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Randy Johnson
Randall David "Randy" Johnson (born September 10, 1963), nicknamed "The Big Unit", is a former American Major League Baseball left-handed pitcher. During a 22-year career, he pitched for six different teams.
The 6-foot-10-inch (2.08 m) Johnson was celebrated for having one of the most dominant fastballs in the game. He regularly approached, and occasionally exceeded, 100 miles per hour (160 km/h) during his prime. He also threw a hard, biting slider. Johnson won the Cy Young Award five times, second only to Roger Clemens' seven.
Johnson finished his career first in strikeouts per nine innings pitched among starting pitchers (10.67), second all-time in total strikeouts (4,875; first among left-handed pitchers), third in hit batsmen (188), tenth in fewest hits allowed per nine innings pitched (7.24), 22nd in wins (303), and 57th in shutouts (37). He pitched two no-hitters, the second of which was the 17th perfect game in baseball history.
Johnson was born in Walnut Creek, California, to Carol Hannah and Rollen Charles “Bud” Johnson. By the time he entered Livermore High School, he was a star in baseball and basketball. In 1982, as a senior, he struck out 121 batters in 66 innings, and threw a perfect game in his last high school start. He also played on a Bercovich team that assembled top players from throughout California. After high school he was drafted in 1982 by the Atlanta Braves in the 2nd round and offered $50,000 to sign. Instead, Johnson accepted a full athletic scholarship to USC, also playing 2 years of basketball. He continued to start at the University of Southern California under coach Rod Dedeaux, but often exhibited control problems.
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Ray Arcel
Ray Arcel (August 30, 1899 – March 6, 1994) was a boxing trainer who was active from the 1920s through the 1980s. He trained eighteen world champions.
Arcel was born in Terre Haute, Indiana, but moved to New York City before he was six years old. He grew up in Harlem and graduated from Stuyvesant High School in 1917. He began training fighters at Stillman's Gym, near the old location of Madison Square Garden on 8th Avenue, in the 1920s. The champions he trained were Benny Leonard, Ezzard Charles, Jim Braddock, Barney Ross, Bob Olin, Tony Zale, Billy Soose, Ceferino Garcia, Lou Brouillard, Teddy Yarosz, Freddie Steele, Jackie Kid Berg, Alfonso Frazier, Abe Goldstein, Frankie Genaro, Sixto Escobar, Charley Phil Rosenberg, Roberto Durán and Larry Holmes.
After some disputes with Jim Norris and the International Boxing Club in the 1950s, Arcel retired from training until returning in the 1970s to work with Alfonso Frazier and Roberto Durán. After Durán quit in his second fight against Ray Leonard, Arcel helped prepare Larry Holmes for his fight against Gerry Cooney. He retired from training after that fight.
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Ray Charles
Ray Charles Robinson (September 23, 1930 – June 10, 2004), known by his shortened stage name Ray Charles, was an American musician. He was a pioneer in the genre of soul music during the 1950s by fusing rhythm and blues, gospel, and blues styles into his early recordings with Atlantic Records. He also helped racially integrate country and pop music during the 1960s with his crossover success on ABC Records, most notably with his Modern Sounds albums. While with ABC, Charles became one of the first African-American musicians to be given artistic control by a mainstream record company.Frank Sinatra called Charles “the only true genius in show business.”
The influences upon his music were mainly jazz, blues, rhythm and blues and country artists of the day such as Art Tatum, Nat King Cole, Louis Jordan, Charles Brown, Louis Armstrong. His playing reflected influences from country blues and barrelhouse, and stride piano styles.
Rolling Stone ranked Charles number ten on their list of "100 Greatest Artists of All Time" in 2004, and number two on their November 2008 list of "100 Greatest Singers of All Time". In honoring Charles, Billy Joel noted: "This may sound like sacrilege, but I think Ray Charles was more important than Elvis Presley. I don't know if Ray was the architect of rock & roll, but he was certainly the first guy to do a lot of things . . . Who the hell ever put so many styles together and made it work?"
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Roberto Durán
Roberto Durán Samaniego (born June 16, 1951) is a retired Panamanian professional boxer, widely regarded as one of the greatest boxers of all time. A versatile brawler in the ring, he was nicknamed "Manos de Piedra" ("Stone Fists," although the literal translation is "Hands of Stone") during his career.
In 2002, he was chosen by The Ring to be the 5th greatest fighter of the last 80 years.Bert Sugar rates him as the 8th greatest fighter of all-time and the Associated Press voted Duran as the #1 lightweight of the 20th century. Many even consider him the greatest lightweight of all time. He held world titles at four different weights—lightweight (1972–79), welterweight (1980), light middleweight (1983–84) and middleweight (1989). He was the second boxer to have fought a span of five decades, the first being Jack Johnson.
He finally retired in January 2002 at age 50 (having previously retired in 1998) following a bad car crash in October 2001, with a professional record of 119 fights, 103 wins with 70 KOs. Up until the second Ray Leonard fight, he was trained by legendary boxing trainer Ray Arcel.
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Roger Bannister
Sir Roger Gilbert Bannister, CBE (born 23 March 1929) is an English former athlete best known for running the first mile in less than 4 minutes. Bannister became a distinguished neurologist and Master of Pembroke College, Oxford, before retiring in 2001.
Sir Roger was the inaugural recipient of the Sports Illustrated Sportsman of the Year award in January 1955 (1954 Sportsman of the Year).
Roger Bannister was born in Harrow, England. He went to Vaughan Primary school in Harrow before going on to be educated at Beechen Cliff School Bath, University College School, London, Exeter College and Merton College, Oxford, and at St Mary's Hospital Medical School (now part of Imperial College London).
Bannister was inspired by miler Sydney Wooderson's remarkable comeback in 1945. Eight years after setting the mile record and seeing it surpassed during the war years by the great Swedish runners Arne Andersson and Gunder Hägg, Wooderson regained his old form and challenged Andersson over the distance in several races. Wooderson lost to Andersson but set a British record of 4:04.2 in Göteborg on 9 September.
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Roger Leonard
Roger Leonard (born July 21, 1953) was a professional boxer from Palmer Park, Maryland. He is the older brother of boxing legend Sugar Ray Leonard, who he introduced to boxing.
Nicknamed "The Dodger," Leonard had over 100 amateur bouts. He won four United States Air Force Championships and the 1978 National AAU Welterweight Championship.
Leonard turned professional in 1978. He regularly fought on the undercards of his famous younger brother, including when Sugar Ray fought Wilfred Benitez and Roberto Duran.
Leonard was 15-0 and ranked second in the world as a junior middleweight when he was stopped in ten rounds by Mario Maldonado in February 1981. He retired after winning an eight-round decision against Herbie Wilens in March 1982. His professional record was 16-1 with 7 knockouts.
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Romeo Miller
Percy Romeo Miller, Jr. (born August 19, 1989), better known by his stage name Romeo (previously Lil' Romeo), is an American rapper, actor, basketball player, entrepreneur, and model. As a rap musician, Miller has released three studio albums and two compilation albums.
Romeo Miller was born in New Orleans, Louisiana. He is the son of rapper and entrepreneur Master P and former rapper Sonya C. He is the nephew of rappers C-Murder and Silkk the Shocker and the brother of singer Cymphonique. Romeo was signed to No Limit at the age of 5 after he wrote a rap to his dad.
He then released his debut album 7 years later titled after his original alias Lil' Romeo. This offering contained the hit single "My Baby" that charted No. 1 on the Hot R&B/Hip-hop Singles. The album peaked at No. 6 on the Billboard 200 and No. 5 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums,selling more than 500,000 copies the first week out making it certified Gold. The album is now certified certified Platinum by the RIAA for the sales of 1,300,000. Also in 2001 he was featured on his uncle Silkk the Shocker's remix single of "That's Kool", which was also featured on his own album.
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Rory Sparrow
Rory Darnell Sparrow (born June 12, 1958, in Suffolk, Virginia) is a retired American professional basketball player in the NBA.
Sparrow played at Eastside High School in Paterson, New Jersey, and was an inaugual inductee into the school's Hall of Fame.
He played collegiately at Villanova University, where he scored 1183 career points, and made 495 assists. In college, Sparrow made game-winning shots in the last ten seconds of the game on five occasions.
Sparrow, a 6'2" guard, was selected 75th overall (round 4, pick 6) of the 1980 NBA Draft by the New Jersey Nets. Including the Nets, he played with the Atlanta Hawks, New York Knicks, Chicago Bulls, Miami Heat, Sacramento Kings and Los Angeles Lakers over a 12-year career, retiring after the 1991-92 season. He scored the first field goal in Miami Heat history, when the franchise was created in 1988.
Throughout his 12-year career Rory Sparrow was known as one of the steadiest guards in the NBA. He had his best years with the Atlanta Hawks and the New York Knicks in the early 1980s, then went on to become a charter member of the expansion Miami Heat. In addition to his on-court success, Sparrow earned equal recognition for his tireless efforts in the community. In 1987 he was one of eight charitable athletes honored by Sports Illustrated as co-Sportsman of the Year.
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Salvador Sánchez
Salvador Sánchez Narváez (January 26, 1959 - August 12, 1982) was a Mexican boxer born in the town of Santiago Tianguistenco, Estado de México. Many of his contemporaries as well as boxing writers believe that, had it not been for his premature death, Sanchez could have gone on to become the greatest Featherweight boxer of all time. He is also the uncle of Salvador Sánchez II.
Sánchez started his professional career at the age of 16, as a teenager (after a brief amateur career consisting of reportedly 4 amateur bouts) he started piling up wins against tough Mexican opposition. His first fight of note came in his 19th professional fight against the Mexican bantamweight champion Antonio Becerra. Becerra proved too experienced for the young Sánchez, the bout ended in a split decision defeat for Sánchez.
Sánchez kept on fighting and moved to the Featherweight division. Soon he had beaten people like the Puerto Rican featherweight champion Felix Trinidad Sr., on his way to securing a title shot at world champion Danny "Little Red" Lopez, a popular TV fighter of the late 1970s who was an impressive fighter and had won some spectacular fights against the likes of former world champion David Kotei (twice), Juan Malvares and Mike Ayala. Confident and hard to beat, Lopez was beaten by the 21 year old Sánchez, who knocked out the defending champion in 13 rounds in Phoenix, Arizona, United States on February 2, 1980. Sanchez defended his title for the first time with a 15 round unanimous decision against Ruben Castillo (47-1). Thinking it was just a case of 'beginner's luck' (as it was Sánchez's first world title fight ever), Lopez looked for a rematch and this he got, in Las Vegas. This time Sánchez defeated Lopez by 14th round TKO. In his next fight, he defeated Patrick Ford (15-0).
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Sammy Sosa
Samuel Peralta "Sammy" Sosa (born November 12, 1968) is a Dominican former professional baseball right fielder. Sosa played with four Major League Baseball teams over his career which spanned from 1989-2007.
Sosa's Major League career began with the Texas Rangers in 1989. After three seasons with the Chicago White Sox, Sosa became a member of the Chicago Cubs in 1992 and subsequently became one of the league's best hitters. In 1998, Sosa and Mark McGwire achieved national fame for their home run-hitting prowess in pursuit of Roger Maris' home run record. Sosa finished his career with brief stints with the Baltimore Orioles and the Texas Rangers. With the Rangers, Sosa hit his 600th career home run to become the fifth player in MLB history to reach the milestone. He is also the all-time home run leader among foreign-born MLB players. Furthermore, Sosa is one of only two National League Players to ever reach 160 RBI in a season, a milestone he reached in 2001. The other was Cubs player and RBI Champion Hack Wilson during his record setting 1930 season in which he recorded 191 RBI. Sosa is the only player to have hit 60 or more home runs in a single season three times.
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Sandy Koufax
Sanford "Sandy" Koufax ( /ˈkoʊfæks/; born Sanford Braun, December 30, 1935) is an American former left-handed baseball pitcher who played his entire 12-year Major League Baseball (MLB) career for the Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers (1955–1966). Retiring at the peak of his career, in 1972 he became, at age 36 and 20 days, the youngest player ever elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame .
Koufax's career peaked with a run of six outstanding seasons from 1961 to 1966, before arthritis in his left elbow ended his career prematurely at age 30. He was named the National League's Most Valuable Player in 1963. He also won the 1963, 1965, and 1966 Cy Young Awards by unanimous votes, making him the first 3-time Cy Young winner in baseball history and the only one to win 3 times when the award was for all of baseball, not just one league. In each of his Cy Young seasons, Koufax won the pitcher's triple crown by leading the NL in wins, strikeouts, and earned run average. Koufax's totals would also have led the American League in those seasons.
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Stan Musial
Stanley Frank "Stan" Musial ( /ˈmjuːziəl/ or /ˈmjuːʒəl/; born November 21, 1920) is a retired professional baseball player who played 22 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the St. Louis Cardinals (1941–1963). Nicknamed "Stan the Man", Musial was a record 24-time All-Star selection (tied with Willie Mays), and is widely considered to be one of the greatest hitters in baseball history. He compiled 3,630 hits (ranking fourth all-time and most in a career spent with only one team). With 1,815 hits at home and 1,815 on the road, he is also considered to be the most consistent hitter of his era. He also compiled 475 home runs during his career, was named the National League's (NL) Most Valuable Player (MVP) three times, and won three World Series championship titles. Musial was a first-ballot inductee to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1969 and is currently the longest tenured living Hall of Famer.
Musial was born in Donora, Pennsylvania, where he frequently played baseball in both informal and organized settings, eventually playing on the baseball team at Donora High School. Signed to a professional contract by the St. Louis Cardinals as a pitcher in 1938, Musial was converted into an outfielder prior to his major league debut in 1941. Noted for his unique batting stance, he quickly established himself as a consistent and productive hitter. In his first full season, 1942, the Cardinals won the World Series. The following year, he led the National League in six different offensive categories and earned his first MVP award. He was also named an All-Star for the first time; he would be selected to every All-Star Game in every subsequent season he played. Musial won his second World Series ring in 1944, then missed the entire 1945 season while serving with the United States Navy.
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Stephen Colbert
Stephen Tyrone Colbert ( /koʊlˈbɛər/ or /ˈkoʊlbərt/; born May 13, 1964) is an American political satirist, writer, comedian, television host, and actor. He is the host of Comedy Central's The Colbert Report, a satirical news show in which Colbert portrays a caricatured version of conservative political pundits.
Colbert originally studied to be an actor, but became interested in improvisational theatre when he met famed Second City director Del Close while attending Northwestern University. He first performed professionally as an understudy for Steve Carell at Second City Chicago; among his troupe mates were comedians Paul Dinello and Amy Sedaris, with whom he developed the critically acclaimed sketch comedy series Exit 57.
Colbert also wrote and performed on the short-lived Dana Carvey Show before collaborating with Sedaris and Dinello again on the cult television series Strangers with Candy. He gained considerable attention for his role on the latter as closeted gay history teacher Chuck Noblet. It was his work as a correspondent on Comedy Central's news-parody series The Daily Show, however, that first introduced him to a wide audience.
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Steve Cauthen
Steve Cauthen (born May 1, 1960) is a retired American jockey.
Cauthen, the son of a trainer and a farrier, grew up in Walton, Kentucky around horses, which (along with his small size) made race-riding a logical career choice. He rode his first race on May 12, 1976 at Churchill Downs; he finished last, riding King of Swat. He rode his first winner (Red Pipe) less than a week later, at River Downs. His rise to prominence was meteoric; he was the nation's leader in race wins in 1977 with 487. In only his second year of riding, he became the first jockey to win $6 million in a single season, passing that mark in December 1977 on a three-year-old filly called Little Happiness in the sixth race at Aqueduct Racetrack. After that, he was called "The Six Million Dollar Man" and "Stevie Wonder."
In 1977, he won numerous awards, including Sports Illustrated Sportsman of the Year, Sporting News Sportsman of the Year, Associated Press Male Athlete of the Year and ABC's Wide World of Sports Athlete of the Year. In the same year, he won the Eclipse Award for Outstanding Apprentice Jockey and the Eclipse Award for Outstanding Jockey in the United States.
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Stevie Johnston
Steven Earl Johnston (born September 28, 1972 in Denver, CO) is an American boxer in the lightweight division. Johnston is a two-time former WBC Lightweight Champion.
Johnston had a storied amaetur career, compiling an amateur record of 260-13. Some of his highlights include:
Known as "Lil' But Bad", Johnston turned pro in 1993 and fought for the WBC Lightweight Title against Jean Baptiste Mendy in 1997, winning a close split decision. Johnston defended the title three times before losing the belt to Cesar Bazan in 1998 in a close decision. In 1999 he won a rematch against Bazan in another close decision. He defended the title four times, including a victory over Angel Manfredy, but lost the belt in a loss to José Luis Castillo in 2000 via majority decision. The loss was declared the 2000 Upset of the Year by Ring Magazine, as Castillo was relatively unknown at the time and Johnston was thought to be over the hill. It wasn't until a couple years later that the world would know how good of a fighter Castillo was. Later that year, in an attempt to regain the belt, Johnston rematched Castillo. In a bizarre ending, Johnston was originally declared the winner by Majority decision. Several minutes later it was discovered that Judge Ken Morita's scorecard (originally 115-114 Johnston) had been added incorrectly and should have read 114-114, thus making the bout a draw and allowing Castillo to retain his title. This was to be Johnston's last shot at a major title.
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Sugar Ray Leonard
Sugar Ray Leonard (born May 17, 1956) is an American retired professional boxer and occasional actor. He was named Ray Charles Leonard, after his mother's favorite singer, Ray Charles. Leonard was the first boxer to earn more than $100 million in purses, won world titles in five weight divisions and defeated future fellow International Boxing Hall of Fame inductees Wilfred Benítez, Thomas Hearns, Roberto Durán and Marvin Hagler. Leonard was named "Boxer of the Decade" for the 1980s.
Leonard, the fifth of seven children, was born in Rocky Mount, North Carolina to Cicero and Getha Leonard. He grew up in Wilmington, N.C. When he was three, the family moved to Washington, D.C. When he was ten, they settled permanently in Palmer Park, Maryland. His father worked as a supermarket night manager, his mother was a nurse.
Leonard was a shy child, and aside from the time he nearly drowned in a creek during a Seat Pleasant flood, his childhood was uneventful. He stayed home a lot, reading comic books and playing with his dog. "He never did talk too much," his mother said. "We never could tell what he was thinking. But I never had any problems with him. I never had to go to school once because of him."
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Sugar Ray Robinson
Sugar Ray Robinson (born Walker Smith Jr., May 3, 1921 – April 12, 1989) was an American professional boxer. Frequently cited as the greatest boxer of all time, Robinson's performances in the welterweight and middleweight divisions prompted sportswriters to create "pound for pound" rankings, where they compared fighters regardless of weight. He was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 1990.
Robinson was 85–0 as an amateur with 69 of those victories coming by way of knockout, 40 in the first round. He turned professional in 1940 at the age of 19 and by 1951 had a professional record of 128–1–2 with 84 knockouts. Robinson held the world welterweight title from 1946 to 1951, and won the world middleweight title in the latter year. He retired in 1952, only to come back two and a half years later and regain the middleweight title in 1955. He then became the first boxer in history to win a divisional world championship five times, a feat he accomplished by defeating Carmen Basilio in 1958 to regain the middleweight championship. Robinson was named "fighter of the year" twice: first for his performances in 1942, then nine years and over 90 fights later, for his efforts in 1951. He defeated other Hall of Fame fighters such as Jake LaMotta, Carmen Basilio, Gene Fullmer, Randy Turpin, Carl 'Bobo' Olson, Henry Armstrong, Rocky Graziano and Kid Gavilan. Robinson engaged in 200 pro bouts, and his professional career lasted nearly 26 years.
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Sugar Ray Seales
"Sugar" Ray Seales, (born September 6, 1952 Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands) was the only American boxer to win a gold medal in the 1972 Summer Olympics.
Seales is the Half-Brother of fellow boxer Dale Grant, and the brother of fellow boxer Wilbur Seales.
Seales was born in the U.S. Virgin Islands, where his father, who boxed in the U.S. Army was stationed. The Seales family moved to Tacoma, WA in 1965. He was a product of the Tacoma Boys Club amateur boxing program, and was coached by Joe Clough.
Seales was a contender for the Middleweight title during the late 70's and early 80's. In his two most memorable fights, he lost a narrow decision to future middleweight champion Marvin Hagler in July 1974, then drew with Hagler in a rematch three months later. After losing to European champion Alan Minter in 1976, Seales remained on the outskirts of contention, until a first-round TKO at the hands of Hagler effectively ended his title hopes.
In 1980, Seales injured his eye in a fight with Jaime Thomas, and retired due to a serious retinal tear. He was subsequently declared legally blind, and was used as a cause célèbre along with Sugar Ray Leonard during the 1980s, for those pushing for a ban on boxing.
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Sumbu Kalambay
Sumbu "Patrizio" Kalambay (born 10 April 1956) is a Zaire-Italian former professional boxer who held the WBA middleweight championship. He was born in Zaire, moving to Italy during his youth, which is where he still resides.
Kalambay turned professional in 1980. In 1985, he was outpointed over ten rounds by Duane Thomas in Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States. Kalambay won the Italian middleweight title by defeating Giovanni De Marco by split decision, then lost to former WBA light middleweight champion Ayub Kalule by split decision over twelve rounds for the European middleweight title.
In May 1987 at The Arena, Wembley, London, Kalambay won the European middleweight title by outpointing Herol Graham, who was 38-0 and ranked #1 in the world.
In his next fight, Kalambay defeated future three-weight world champion Iran Barkley by unanimous decision over fifteen rounds to win the vacant WBA middleweight title. He made three successful title defenses, including an upset unanimous decision win over Mike McCallum, the undefeated former WBA light middleweight champion.
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Sylvester Stallone
Michael Sylvester Gardenzio Stallone (/stəˈloʊn/; born July 6, 1946), commonly known as Sylvester Stallone, and nicknamed Sly Stallone, is an American actor, filmmaker, screenwriter, film director and occasional painter. Stallone is known for his machismo and Hollywood action roles. Two of the notable characters he has portrayed are boxer Rocky Balboa and soldier John Rambo. The Rocky and Rambo franchises, along with several other films, strengthened his reputation as an actor and his box office earnings.
Stallone's film Rocky was inducted into the National Film Registry as well as having its film props placed in the Smithsonian Museum. Stallone's use of the front entrance to the Philadelphia Museum of Art in the Rocky series led the area to be nicknamed the Rocky Steps. Philadelphia has a statue of his Rocky character placed permanently near the museum, on the right side before the steps. It was announced on December 7, 2010 that Stallone was voted into boxing's Hall of Fame.
Sylvester Stallone was born Michael Sylvester Gardenzio Stallone in New York City, the elder son of Frank Stallone, Sr., a hairdresser, and Jackie Stallone (born Jacqueline Labofish), an astrologer, former dancer, and promoter of women's wrestling. His younger brother is actor and musician Frank Stallone. Stallone's father was born in Gioia del Colle, Apulia, Italy, and emigrated to the United States as a child. Stallone's mother is of half Russian Jewish and half French descent.
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Tadashi Mihara
Tadashi Mihara (三原 正, Mihara Tadashi?, born 30 March 1955 in Gunma, Japan) is a former professional boxer who competed as a light middleweight throughout his career.
Mihara began his boxing career when he was a third grader of the high school. He won the title of the All-Japan Amateur Boxing Championships in the light middleweight division in 1977. He also got the group title of the university league as a captain of the Nihon University boxing club. He experienced 38 matches during his amateur career; winning 28 (15 by knockout) and losing 10.
After that as the professional, Mihara fought 25 times between 1978 and 1985; winning 24 (15 by knockout) and losing 1. He won his first title in his fifth contest as a professional, beating Jae-Keum Lim for the OPBF title, a belt that he defended six times until he returned it. In June 1981, he won via a fifth round knockout, in the undercard of Ayub Kalule vs. Sugar Ray Leonard, at the Reliant Astrodome, Houston. Since Leonard vacated the title after this, Mihara fought against Rocky Fratto for the vacant WBA world junior middleweight title in Rochester, New York on November 7, 1981. Mihara knocked him down by his right cross in the fourth round, and won the title via a majority decision. He lost his title after suffering a knockout during his first defence, against Davey Moore at the Tokyo Metropolitan Gymnasium on February 2, 1982. His lumbago became chronic from these days. Following this loss, Mihara won the Japanese junior middleweight title and defended it six times until June 1984, then returned it. He fought for a final time in March 1985, beating Tricky Kawaguchi by a unanimous decision.
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Terry Baker
For the Canadian football player of the same name see Terry Baker (Canadian football).
Terry Wayne Baker (born May 5, 1941) is a former quarterback for the Oregon State University football team. He played for them through the 1960-1962 seasons. He is most notable for winning the 1962 Heisman Trophy and playing the Final Four in the NCAA Basketball Tournament in the same school year. To date, he is the only person to have both won a Heisman Trophy and played in the Final Four.
Baker was born May 5, 1941 in Pine River, Minnesota. He attended Jefferson High School in Portland, Oregon and was a standout three-sport athlete for the Democrats.
Baker was a three-year letterwinner in basketball, and led the Democrats to the Portland Interscholastic League city championship his senior year.
Baker was also a great baseball player. He earned a letter all four years of high school in baseball and led his team to the 1959 Oregon School Activities Association state championship.
Football, however, was Baker's most dominant sport. Baker played quarterback and tailback for the Democrats. In his junior and senior seasons, the Democrats were 23-0 and won two Oregon State Athletic Association state championships. As a senior, he threw for 1,261 yards and ran for 438 yards.
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Terry Bradshaw
Terry Paxton Bradshaw (born September 2, 1948) is a former American football quarterback with the Pittsburgh Steelers in the National Football League (NFL). He is currently a TV analyst and co-host of Fox NFL Sunday. He played 14 seasons with Pittsburgh, won four Super Bowl titles in a six-year period (1974, 1975, 1978 and 1979), becoming the first quarterback to win three and four Super Bowls, and led the Steelers to eight AFC Central championships. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1989, his first year of eligibility.
A tough competitor, Bradshaw had a powerful – albeit at times erratic – arm and called his own plays throughout his football career. His physical skills and on-the-field leadership played a major role in Pittsburgh Steelers history. During his career, he passed for more than 300 yards in a game only seven times, but three of those performances came in the post-season, and two of those in Super Bowls. In four career Super Bowl appearances he passed for 932 yards and 9 touchdowns, both Super Bowl records at the time of his retirement. In 19 postseason games he completed 261 passes for 3,833 yards.
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Terry Norris
Terry Wayne Norris is a retired American boxer and a three-time world champion in the light middleweight division. Originally from Lubbock, Texas, he fought out of San Diego.
A star baseball player during his high school years, Norris bypassed a career on the diamond for one in the ring, amassing a stellar 291-4 amateur record. Displaying a stunning combination of hand and foot speed as well as the ability to throw dizzying combos, Norris' athletic ability was an uncanny attribute in the ring. After turning pro Norris compiled a record of twenty one wins and two losses before challenging Julian Jackson in Norris's first title fight. He beat future champion Steve Little for the NABF junior middleweight title in December, 1988, and defended once against Buster Drayton. His two losses were by unanimous decision to Derrick Kelley and a disqualification to Joe Walker when Norris hit Walker when Walker was down.
Norris challenged Julian Jackson for the WBA junior middleweight belt in July 1989. Norris seemed to win the first round, but a big second-round right cross from the champion knocked Norris out. Norris made it to his feet before the count but was deemed unfit to continue by referee Joe Cortez.
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Thomas Hearns
Thomas "Tommy" Hearns (born October 18, 1958) is a retired American professional boxer. Nicknamed the "Motor City Cobra" and more famously "The Hitman," Hearns became the first boxer in history to win world titles in four divisions. He would also become the first fighter in history to win five world titles in five different divisions. Hearns was named Ring Magazine fighter of the year in 1980 and 1984 and is best known for his fights with Sugar Ray Leonard, Marvin Hagler and Roberto Durán.
Born in Grand Junction, Tennessee on October 18, 1958, Hearns was the youngest of three children in his mother's first marriage. With her second marriage, six children joined the first three. On her own, Mrs. Hearns raised Tommy and his siblings in Grand Junction until Tommy was five years old; then the family moved to Detroit, Michigan.
Hearns had an amateur record of 155–8. In 1977, he won the National Amateur Athletic Union Light Welterweight Championship, defeating Bobby Joe Young of Steubenville, Ohio, in the finals. He also won the 1977 National Golden Gloves Light Welterweight Championship.
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Tiger Woods
Eldrick Tont "Tiger" Woods (born December 30, 1975) is an American professional golfer whose achievements to date rank him among the most successful golfers of all time. Formerly the World No. 1, he is the highest-paid professional athlete in the world, having earned an estimated US$90.5 million from winnings and endorsements in 2010.
Woods turned professional in 1996, and by April 1997 he had already won his first major, the 1997 Masters. He first reached the number one position in the world rankings in June 1997. Through the 2000s, Woods was the dominant force in golf, spending 264 weeks from August 1999 to September 2004 and 281 weeks from June 2005 to October 2010 as world number one. From December 2009 to early April 2010, Woods took leave from professional golf to focus on his marriage after he admitted infidelity. His multiple infidelities were revealed by several different women, through many worldwide media sources. This was followed by a loss of form, and his ranking gradually fell to a low of #58 in November 2011. He snapped a career-long winless streak of 107 weeks when he captured the Chevron World Challenge in December 2011. As of April 8, 2012, he is ranked #8.
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Tim Duncan
Timothy Theodore "Tim" Duncan (born April 25, 1976) is an American professional basketball player for the San Antonio Spurs of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The 6-foot 11-inch (2.11 m), 255-pound (116 kg)power forward/center is a four-time NBA champion, two-time NBA MVP, three-time NBA Finals MVP, and NBA Rookie of the Year. The Spurs' team captain, he is a 13 time NBA All-Star and the only player in NBA history to be selected to both All-NBA and All-Defensive Teams during each of his first 13 seasons.
Duncan started out as a swimmer and only began playing basketball in ninth grade after Hurricane Hugo destroyed the only Olympic-sized pool on his home of St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. He soon became a standout for St. Dunstan's Episcopal High School, and had an illustrious college career with the Wake Forest University Demon Deacons, winning the Naismith College Player of the Year, USBWA College Player of the Year and John Wooden awards in his final year. Duncan graduated from college before entering the 1997 NBA Draft as the number one pick. His list of accomplishments, remarkable consistency, and leadership in the Spurs' NBA championship runs in 1999, 2003, 2005, and 2007 have led basketball experts to consider him to be one of the greatest power forwards in NBA history.
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Tom Brady
Thomas Edward Patrick "Tom" Brady, Jr. (born August 3, 1977) is an American football quarterback for the New England Patriots of the National Football League (NFL). After playing college football at Michigan, Brady was drafted by the Patriots in the sixth round of the 2000 NFL Draft.
In Brady's ten seasons as a starter, the Patriots have earned trips to the Super Bowl in half of them (XXXVI, XXXVIII, XXXIX, XLII, and XLVI), winning three of them (XXXVI, XXXVIII, and XXXIX). He has also won two Super Bowl MVP awards (XXXVI and XXXVIII), has been selected to seven Pro Bowls (and invited to eight, although he declined the 2006 invitation), and holds the NFL record for most touchdown passes in a single regular season. His career postseason record is 16–5. He also helped set the record for the longest consecutive win streak in NFL history with 21 straight wins over two seasons (2003–04), and in 2007 he led the Patriots to the first undefeated regular season since the institution of the 16-game schedule. Brady has the fourth-highest career passer rating of all time (96.4) among quarterbacks with at least 1,500 career passing attempts.
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Tom Seaver
George Thomas "Tom" Seaver (born November 17, 1944), nicknamed "Tom Terrific" and "The Franchise", is a former Major League Baseball pitcher. He pitched from 1967-1986 for four different teams in his career, but is noted primarily for his time with the New York Mets. During a 20-year career, Seaver compiled 311 wins, 3,640 strikeouts, 61 shutouts and a 2.86 earned run average. In 1992, he was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame by the highest percentage ever recorded (98.84%), and has the only plaque at Cooperstown wearing a New York Mets hat. As of 2010, Tom Seaver and Gil Hodges (played for the Mets in 1962-63) are the only Met players to have their jersey numbers retired by the team (Gil Hodges' number was retired as a manager even though he also played for the Mets).
He won the National League Rookie of the Year Award in 1967, and three NL Cy Young Awards as the league's best pitcher. Seaver is the Mets' all-time leader in wins, and is considered by many baseball experts as one of the best starting pitchers in the history of baseball.
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Ulf Carlsson
Ulf Carlsson is a male former table tennis player from Sweden. From 1980 to 1988 he won several medals in singles, doubles, and team events in the Table Tennis European Championships, and in the World Table Tennis Championships.
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Victor Hugo Castro
Victor Castro (born July 21, 1975 in Suardi, Santa Fe) is a boxer from Argentina, who won the gold medal in the Light Welterweight (– 63.5 kg) at the 1999 Pan American Games in Winnipeg, Canada.
Castro defeated Kelson Pinto in the final. He represented his native country at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia.
Nicknamed "El Negrito" he made his professional debut in 2001, but has shown little power so far and has accumulated four losses.
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Vladimir Yengibaryan
Vladimir Nikolaevich Yengibaryan (Russian: Владимир Николаевич Енгибарян) (born April 24, 1932 in Yerevan, Armenia) is a former welterweight boxer.
Yengibaryan trained at Trudovye Rezervy in Yerevan, Armenia. He was an amateur boxer for the USSR, who won the Light welterweight (63.5 kg) gold medal at the 1956 Melbourne Olympic games. In 1957 he became the Honoured Master of Sports of the USSR and was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour on the same year. After finishing his career he founded the first in the USSR boxing Children and Youth Sport School in Yerevan. Since 1992 he lives in Los Angeles. He has been suffering from Alzheimer's dementia for the past few years.
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Vyacheslav Yanovskiy
Vyacheslav Evgenevich Yanovskiy (Russian: Вячеслав Евгеньевич Яновский sometimes spelt Viatcheslav Ianovski, born August 24, 1957 in Vitebsk) is a Belarusian boxer who won a Light Welterweight Gold Medal at the 1988 Summer Olympics for the USSR. He began boxing at age 13. In 1988 he became the Honoured Master of Sports of the USSR. During his amateur career he trained at Dynamo in Vitebsk.
Yanovskiy turned professional in 1990 and did not lose in his first 26 fights. In 1995 he was KO'd by journeyman Edwin Murillo and retired in 1997 with a career record of 30-1-1.
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Walter Crucce
Walter Crucce (born 1974-09-05 in Las Flores, Buenos Aires) is a retired male boxer from Argentina, who won the gold medal in the men's light-welterweight (– 63.5 kg) category at the 1995 Pan American Games in Mar del Plata. In the final he defeated Puerto Rico's Luis Deines Pérez. Crucce made his professional debut on 1995-07-08 defeating Sandro Ramon Sosa on knock-out.
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Wayne Gretzky
Wayne Douglas Gretzky, CC (/ˈɡrɛtski/; born January 26, 1961) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player and former head coach. He played 20 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for four teams from 1979 to 1999. Nicknamed "The Great One", he has been called "the greatest hockey player ever" by many sportswriters, players, and the NHL itself. He is the leading point-scorer in NHL history, with more assists than any other player has points, and is the only NHL player to total over 200 points in one season – a feat he accomplished four times. In addition, he tallied over 100 points in 16 professional seasons, 14 of them consecutive. At the time of his retirement in 1999, he held 40 regular-season records, 15 playoff records, and six All-Star records. In addition to being its greatest scorer, Gretzky was the most gentlemanly superstar in the modern history of the NHL. He won the Lady Byng Trophy for sportsmanship and performance five times, and he often spoke out against fighting in hockey.
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Wikipedia Persondata
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Wilfred Benítez
Wilfred Benítez (born September 12, 1958 in New York, New York), is a Puerto Rican boxer. He is remembered best as a skilled and aggressive fighter with exceptional defensive abilities who won world championships in three separate weight divisions, and was the youngest world champion in boxing history at the age of 17. Benitez has been a member of the International Boxing Hall of Fame since 1996.
Benitez turned pro at 15, a young prodigy who was managed by his father Gregorio Benitez, was a member of one of Puerto Rico's most famous boxing families, his brothers Frankie and Gregory Benitez having also been top contenders in the 1970s. The Benitez troop was largely directed by their mother, Clara Benítez. Young Wilfred was nicknamed "The Radar". He grew up going to a neighborhood boxing gym in New York, where he learned from watching his brothers and other local, renowned fighters practice their skills.
During the early stages of his professional career, Benitez often traveled to the Virgin Islands and New York for fights. He divided his fights between those locations and Puerto Rico. The proximity of those two locations to Puerto Rico helped him start to become a household name in the island while building an international following at the same time. His speed, combined with punching power and surprising ring maturity for a 16 year-old, were enough to make him a world-ranked boxer by both the WBA and WBC, then boxing's only world-title recognizing organizations.
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William Nack
William Nack is an American journalist and author. He wrote about sports, politics and the environment at Newsday for 11 years before joining the staff of Sports Illustrated in 1978 as an investigative reporter and general feature writer. Since leaving S.I. in 2001, Nack has freelanced for numerous publications, including GQ and ESPN.com. He also served as an adviser on the made-for-TV-movie Ruffian (2007) and the Disney feature Secretariat (2010).
William Nack was born in Chicago, Illinois. His family moved to the village of Skokie in 1951. As children, William and his sister, Dee, mucked the stables and groomed the neighbors' horses in nearby Morton Grove. In 1955, they got their own charger, a parade horse with a masking black head atop a pure white body, named The Bandit by Dee. William began riding in horse shows and spent his teenage years with the world's finest gaited saddle horses, including Wing Commander and Bo Jangles. He kept their photos on opposite walls of his bedroom, in memory of their spectacular final showdown in the International Amphitheatre in December of that year. In his book Ruffian, Nack wrote that they "went at each other in that hot arena minute by mounting minute and whip over spur, chillingly through the slow gait and the trot, until finally the crowds came bolting to their feet as the mane-flying Commander racked furiously past, his muscular legs pumping him right into history as the greatest five-gaited saddle horse of all time. The howls still sing in my ears."
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Willie Stargell
Wilver Dornell "Willie" Stargell (March 6, 1940 – April 9, 2001), nicknamed "Pops" in the later years of his career, was an American professional baseball player. He played his entire 21-year Major League Baseball career as the left fielder and first baseman for the Pittsburgh Pirates (1962-1982). Over his 21-year career with the Pirates, he batted .282, with 2,232 hits, 423 doubles, 475 home runs and 1540 runs batted in, helping his team capture six National League East division titles, two National League pennants and two World Series (1971, 1979). Stargell was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1988.
Stargell was born in Earlsboro, Oklahoma, but later moved to Alameda, California where he attended Encinal High School. He was signed by the Pirates at age 22, and made his Major League debut at the end of the 1962 season. He soon became a standout player, making his first of 7 trips to the All-Star Game in 1964.
Beloved in Pittsburgh for his style of play and affable manner, Stargell was known for hitting monstrous home runs, including 7 of the 16 balls ever hit completely out of Forbes Field and several of the upper-tier home runs at its successor, Three Rivers Stadium. At one time, Stargell held the record for the longest homer in nearly half of the National League parks. Standing 6 feet 2 inches, Stargell seemed larger, with his long arms and unique bat-handling practice of holding only the knob of the bat with his lower hand combining to provide extra bat extension, Stargell's swings seemed designed to hit home runs of the Ruthian variety. When most batters would use a simple lead-weighted bat in the on-deck circle, Stargell took to warming up with a sledgehammer, adding another layer of intimidation. While standing in the batter's box, he would windmill his bat until the pitcher started his windup.
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Leonard, Sugar Ray Filmography
- Five Good Years (2013)
- Champs (2012)
- Ali 70 from Las Vegas (2012)
- Real Steel (2011)
- The Fighter (2010)
- How Bruce Lee Changed the World (2009)
- Adjust Your Color: The Truth of Petey Greene (2008)
- Triumph and Tragedy: The Ray Mancini Story (2007)
- BoxinBuddies: Knockout Juvenile Diabetes (2006)
- Miss USA 2005 (2005)
- 2004 Radio Music Awards (2004)
- TV in Black: The First Fifty Years (2004)
- ABC's 50th Anniversary Celebration (2003)
- I Spy: The Slugafest (2003)
- Century of Black Cinema (2003)
- I Spy (2002)
- Muhammad Ali's All-Star 60th Birthday Celebration! (2002)
- Shadow Moves - The Homecoming of Regilio Tuur (2002)
- Wide World of Sports 40th Anniversary Special (2001)
- Playing the Field: Sports and Sex in America (2000)
- Planet Hollywood and the All Star Cafe Melbourne Grand Opening (1997)
- Riot (1996)
- Caesars Palace 30th Anniversary Celebration (1996)
- Muhammad Ali: The Whole Story (1996)
- Ebony's 15th Annual Black Achievement Awards (1994)
- The 10th TV Academy Hall of Fame (1994)
- Bob Hope's Birthday Memories (1994)
- Vault of Horror I (1994)
- Fallen Champ: The Untold Story of Mike Tyson (1993)
- Legend to Legend Night: A Celebrity Cavalcade (1993)
- Muhammad Ali's 50th Birthday Celebration (1992)
- In This Corner... Boxing's Little Giants (1992)
- The 12th Annual CableACE Awards (1991)
- ABC's Wide World of Sports 30th Anniversary Special (1991)
- Summerslam (1988)
- WrestleMania IV (1988)
- The 9th Annual CableACE Awards (1988)
- The Super Fight (1987)
- The 8th Annual Black Achievement Awards (1987)
- Happy Birthday, Bob! (1983)
- Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus - 113th Edition (1983)
- All-Star Comedy Birthday Party from West Point (1981)
Famous quotes by Sugar Ray Leonard:
"at times it becomes too invasive."
"I want to be great, something special."
"I wanted to do in boxing what Bruce Lee was able to do in karate. Lee was an artist, and, like him, I try to get beyond the fundamentals of my sport. I want my fights to be seen as plays."
"I consider myself blessed. I consider you blessed. We've all been blessed with God-given talents. Mine just happens to be beating people up."
"A fighter never knows when it's the last bell. He doesn't want to face that."
"I figure it's like something that has to be, before Marvin and me can be content with ourselves. There is a burning desire in me now."
"Within our dreams and aspirations we find our opportunities."
"My ambition is not to be just a good fighter. I want to be great, something special."
"We're all given some sort of skill in life. Mine just happens to be beating up on people."
"You have to know you can win. You have to think you can win. You have to feel you can win."
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Sugar Ray Leonard Knockouts & Highlights
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:04
- Updated: 05 Jan 2013
Reznick Productions Presents: Another BoxingUnion oldie of Sugar Ray Leonard, the pound for pound great. Never The Same - Supreme Beings of Leisure
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Reznick Productions Presents: Another BoxingUnion oldie of Sugar Ray Leonard, the pound for pound great. Never The Same - Supreme Beings of Leisure
Boxing Tribute - Marvin Hagler vs Sugar Ray Leonard
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:52
- Updated: 05 Jan 2013
Tribute to the greatest comeback in boxing history.
http://wn.com/Boxing_Tribute_Marvin_Hagler_vs_Sugar_Ray_Leonard
Tribute to the greatest comeback in boxing history.
- published: 31 Jan 2008
- views: 1482244
- author: chrisbeck85
Roberto Duran vs Sugar Ray Leonard II FULL FIGHT
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 31:10
- Updated: 05 Jan 2013
canyoufight.blogspot.com Roberto Duran vs Sugar Ray Leonard II FULL FIGHT. Two legends of the ring. www.12vn.net
http://wn.com/Roberto_Duran_vs_Sugar_Ray_Leonard_II_FULL_FIGHT
canyoufight.blogspot.com Roberto Duran vs Sugar Ray Leonard II FULL FIGHT. Two legends of the ring. www.12vn.net
- published: 19 May 2011
- views: 354117
- author: toploader00
HBO Legendary Nights Marvelous Marvin Hagler vs Sugar Ray Leonard 87 04 06
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 26:12
- Updated: 28 Dec 2012
http://wn.com/HBO_Legendary_Nights_Marvelous_Marvin_Hagler_vs_Sugar_Ray_Leonard_87_04_06
Sugar Ray Leonard vs Thomas Hearns l - [1/6]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:58
- Updated: 04 Jan 2013
16th of September, 1981....................................Caesars Palace, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States______________________________________________tags: sugar ray leonard thomas tommy hearns thommy full fight high quality high definition hq hd boxing round part roberto duran marvin hagler
http://wn.com/Sugar_Ray_Leonard_vs_Thomas_Hearns_l_1_6_
16th of September, 1981....................................Caesars Palace, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States______________________________________________tags: sugar ray leonard thomas tommy hearns thommy full fight high quality high definition hq hd boxing round part roberto duran marvin hagler
- published: 16 Nov 2009
- views: 250794
- author: katis999
Sugar Ray Leonard - Beyond The Glory 1/5
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:38
- Updated: 31 Dec 2012
Sugar Ray Leonard - Beyond The Glory(Part 1 of 5)
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Sugar Ray Leonard - Beyond The Glory(Part 1 of 5)
- published: 02 Mar 2008
- views: 114156
- author: l2duis
sugar ray leonard
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:49
- Updated: 05 Jan 2013
sugar ray leonard video.
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Sugar Ray Leonard talks about Bruce Lee
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:22
- Updated: 05 Jan 2013
Boxing Legend talks about Martial Arts Legend (PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE COMMENT, THANKS): Since i see the comments grown and grown from "Lee vs MMA", "Lee was just an actor, no fighter or martial artist", to "Lee was the unbeatable fighting god", please take your time and read the following text. Maybe you can understand the difference between the martial artist, street fighter and actor. His 4 basic periods explained by James DeMile on his Wing Chun Do site: __________________________ 1. THE HONG KONG PERIOD: Bruce's basic foundation in Gung Fu. Bruce trained in many styles, finally accepting Wing Chun as the best. 2. THE EARLY SEATTLE PERIOD or BRUCE´s FIGHTING PERIOD: Bruce had no awareness of who he was going to become. He was just a young kid with a dream to be the best. His pursuit of excellence as a fighter was fanatical. He trained with streetfighters hoping their input would challenge him to evolve his skills. Once he achieved the belief he was unbeatable, he set a new goal, to become the first Asian to achieve fame and fortune in Hollywood. In order to do that, he first had to escape from the restaurant where he lived and worked as a waiter and dishwasher. 3. THE JUN FAN PERIOD aka TEACHING PERIOD: He was broke, he needed to earn money, so he decided to teach martial arts and charge a fee. (He never charged a fee in the early years). So he put together a style he called Jun Fan. (Jun Fan Lee was Bruce's given name). It was at this time that some of the early ...
http://wn.com/Sugar_Ray_Leonard_talks_about_Bruce_Lee
Boxing Legend talks about Martial Arts Legend (PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE COMMENT, THANKS): Since i see the comments grown and grown from "Lee vs MMA", "Lee was just an actor, no fighter or martial artist", to "Lee was the unbeatable fighting god", please take your time and read the following text. Maybe you can understand the difference between the martial artist, street fighter and actor. His 4 basic periods explained by James DeMile on his Wing Chun Do site: __________________________ 1. THE HONG KONG PERIOD: Bruce's basic foundation in Gung Fu. Bruce trained in many styles, finally accepting Wing Chun as the best. 2. THE EARLY SEATTLE PERIOD or BRUCE´s FIGHTING PERIOD: Bruce had no awareness of who he was going to become. He was just a young kid with a dream to be the best. His pursuit of excellence as a fighter was fanatical. He trained with streetfighters hoping their input would challenge him to evolve his skills. Once he achieved the belief he was unbeatable, he set a new goal, to become the first Asian to achieve fame and fortune in Hollywood. In order to do that, he first had to escape from the restaurant where he lived and worked as a waiter and dishwasher. 3. THE JUN FAN PERIOD aka TEACHING PERIOD: He was broke, he needed to earn money, so he decided to teach martial arts and charge a fee. (He never charged a fee in the early years). So he put together a style he called Jun Fan. (Jun Fan Lee was Bruce's given name). It was at this time that some of the early ...
- published: 17 Apr 2011
- views: 191749
- author: NDoraku
Sugar Ray Leonard 1976 Olympic Gold Medal Match Pt. 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:23
- Updated: 28 Dec 2012
Sugar Ray Leonard 1976 Olympiz Gold Medal Match
http://wn.com/Sugar_Ray_Leonard_1976_Olympic_Gold_Medal_Match_Pt_1
Sugar Ray Leonard 1976 Olympiz Gold Medal Match
- published: 26 Mar 2010
- views: 41264
- author: stylezmakefights
Sugar Ray Leonard Interviews Manny Pacquiao
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:31
- Updated: 03 Jan 2013
There's no doubt, Manny "Pac Man" Pacquiao is one of the most talked-about fighters, today. In my interview with Manny, I had the chance to talk to him about his personal and professional accomplishments, his family and the one request he must fulfill before he retires. sugarrayleonard.com www.twodiceboxing.com
http://wn.com/Sugar_Ray_Leonard_Interviews_Manny_Pacquiao
There's no doubt, Manny "Pac Man" Pacquiao is one of the most talked-about fighters, today. In my interview with Manny, I had the chance to talk to him about his personal and professional accomplishments, his family and the one request he must fulfill before he retires. sugarrayleonard.com www.twodiceboxing.com
- published: 18 Apr 2012
- views: 120630
- author: twodiceboxing
EXCLUSIVE; SUGAR RAY LEONARD Admits Hearns Won Rematch!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:25
- Updated: 24 Dec 2012
Radio Rahim interviews Sugar Ray Leonard in-depth about Manny Pacquiao vs Juan Manuel Marquez 4. Sugar Ray Leonard talks about his career and compares Manny Pacquiao to himself as well as this era of boxing to his own.
http://wn.com/EXCLUSIVE;_SUGAR_RAY_LEONARD_Admits_Hearns_Won_Rematch!
Radio Rahim interviews Sugar Ray Leonard in-depth about Manny Pacquiao vs Juan Manuel Marquez 4. Sugar Ray Leonard talks about his career and compares Manny Pacquiao to himself as well as this era of boxing to his own.
- published: 06 Dec 2012
- views: 7990
- author: secondsout
Sugar Ray Leonard Sexually Abused
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:08
- Updated: 14 Dec 2012
Former boxing champ Sugar Ray Leonard revealed he was sexually molested by a trainer. Cenk Uygur and Ana Kasparian discuss. On Facebook: www.facebook.com Subscribe: bit.ly TYT Mobile: bit.ly On Twitter: twitter.com www.theyoungturks.com FREE Movies(!): www.netflix.com Read Ana's blog and subscribe at: www.examiner.com Read Cenk's Blog: www.huffingtonpost.com
http://wn.com/Sugar_Ray_Leonard_Sexually_Abused
Former boxing champ Sugar Ray Leonard revealed he was sexually molested by a trainer. Cenk Uygur and Ana Kasparian discuss. On Facebook: www.facebook.com Subscribe: bit.ly TYT Mobile: bit.ly On Twitter: twitter.com www.theyoungturks.com FREE Movies(!): www.netflix.com Read Ana's blog and subscribe at: www.examiner.com Read Cenk's Blog: www.huffingtonpost.com
- published: 10 Jun 2011
- views: 23622
- author: TheYoungTurks
Mayweather vs Sugar Ray Leonard Who Wins?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:53
- Updated: 27 Dec 2012
esnews
http://wn.com/Mayweather_vs_Sugar_Ray_Leonard_Who_Wins?
Sugar Ray Leonard Vs Floyd Mayweather Sr 1978 Full Fight TKO
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 38:28
- Updated: 05 Jan 2013
canyoufight.blogspot.com Sugar Ray Leonard Vs Floyd Mayweather Sr 1978 Full Fight TKO. http
http://wn.com/Sugar_Ray_Leonard_Vs_Floyd_Mayweather_Sr_1978_Full_Fight_TKO
canyoufight.blogspot.com Sugar Ray Leonard Vs Floyd Mayweather Sr 1978 Full Fight TKO. http
- published: 09 Jun 2012
- views: 84460
- author: toploader00
Sugar Ray Leonard vs Ayub Kalule
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 43:24
- Updated: 05 Jan 2013
Sugar Ray Leonard vs Ayub Kalule (Thanks to Simbros for this)
http://wn.com/Sugar_Ray_Leonard_vs_Ayub_Kalule
Sugar Ray Leonard vs Ayub Kalule (Thanks to Simbros for this)
- published: 30 May 2012
- views: 4763
- author: HenryMaskesToes
Sugar Ray Leonard vs Roberto Duran I.avi
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 68:06
- Updated: 05 Jan 2013
FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use Fair use Additionally, the fair use defense to copyright infringement was codified for the first time in section 107 of the 1976 Act. Fair use was not a novel proposition in 1976, however, as federal courts had been using a common law form of the doctrine since the 1840s (an English version of fair use appeared much earlier). The Act codified this common law doctrine with little modification. Under section 107, the fair use of a copyrighted work is not copyright infringement, even if such use technically violates section 106. While fair use explicitly applies to use of copyrighted work for criticism, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, or research purposes, the defense is not limited to these areas. The Act gives four factors to be considered to determine whether a particular use is a fair use: the purpose and character of the use (commercial or educational, transformative or reproductive); the nature of the copyrighted work (fictional or factual, the degree of creativity); the amount and substantiality of the portion of the original work used; and the effect of the use upon the market (or ...
http://wn.com/Sugar_Ray_Leonard_vs_Roberto_Duran_Iavi
FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use Fair use Additionally, the fair use defense to copyright infringement was codified for the first time in section 107 of the 1976 Act. Fair use was not a novel proposition in 1976, however, as federal courts had been using a common law form of the doctrine since the 1840s (an English version of fair use appeared much earlier). The Act codified this common law doctrine with little modification. Under section 107, the fair use of a copyrighted work is not copyright infringement, even if such use technically violates section 106. While fair use explicitly applies to use of copyrighted work for criticism, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, or research purposes, the defense is not limited to these areas. The Act gives four factors to be considered to determine whether a particular use is a fair use: the purpose and character of the use (commercial or educational, transformative or reproductive); the nature of the copyrighted work (fictional or factual, the degree of creativity); the amount and substantiality of the portion of the original work used; and the effect of the use upon the market (or ...
- published: 04 Aug 2012
- views: 3560
- author: ebozyn
Sugar Ray Leonard Tribute ᴴᴰ 720p
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:12
- Updated: 01 Jan 2013
Considered one of the best fighters of all time, Ray Leonard burst onto the international scene by winning the light-welterweight gold medal at the 1976 Olympic Games in Montreal. He turned professional with a lawyer, Mike Trainer, handling the business side of his career whilst hiring the legendary trainer Angelo Dundee to guide him towards the top. Dundee's success with Muhammad Ali and Trainer's business savvy ensured that three years later, Sugar Ray Leonard was not only a millionaire, but ready for his first world title. Puerto Rican Wilfredo Benitez, himself a world champion since the age of 17, surrendered the WBC welterweight title in 1979, and Sugar Ray was on his way. The next seven years saw Leonard engage in some of the most famous battles in ring history with his three most famous rivals; Thomas Hearns (aka Thomas "The Hitman" Hearns), Roberto Durán (aka Roberto "Hands of Stone" Duran) and Marvelous Marvin Hagler. Duran was the victor in early 1980, taking the WBC crown after a brutal contest. However, honor was restored later that same year, with the famous "No Mas" victory. Duran was out-boxed, out-sped and humiliated and, in the eighth round, surrendered with the words "No Mas - No More". 1981 saw the WBA/WBC welterweight unification bout with Hearns. Victory came in the fourteenth round after a see-saw fight that saw both fighters hurt before Sugar Ray prevailed. Retirement followed but, in 1984, returned at light-middleweight, although he retired again ...
http://wn.com/Sugar_Ray_Leonard_Tribute_ᴴᴰ_720p
Considered one of the best fighters of all time, Ray Leonard burst onto the international scene by winning the light-welterweight gold medal at the 1976 Olympic Games in Montreal. He turned professional with a lawyer, Mike Trainer, handling the business side of his career whilst hiring the legendary trainer Angelo Dundee to guide him towards the top. Dundee's success with Muhammad Ali and Trainer's business savvy ensured that three years later, Sugar Ray Leonard was not only a millionaire, but ready for his first world title. Puerto Rican Wilfredo Benitez, himself a world champion since the age of 17, surrendered the WBC welterweight title in 1979, and Sugar Ray was on his way. The next seven years saw Leonard engage in some of the most famous battles in ring history with his three most famous rivals; Thomas Hearns (aka Thomas "The Hitman" Hearns), Roberto Durán (aka Roberto "Hands of Stone" Duran) and Marvelous Marvin Hagler. Duran was the victor in early 1980, taking the WBC crown after a brutal contest. However, honor was restored later that same year, with the famous "No Mas" victory. Duran was out-boxed, out-sped and humiliated and, in the eighth round, surrendered with the words "No Mas - No More". 1981 saw the WBA/WBC welterweight unification bout with Hearns. Victory came in the fourteenth round after a see-saw fight that saw both fighters hurt before Sugar Ray prevailed. Retirement followed but, in 1984, returned at light-middleweight, although he retired again ...
- published: 28 Jun 2012
- views: 9905
- author: GissaQuid
![Sugar Ray Leonard vs Hector Camacho [Leonard's last fight]](http://web.archive.org./web/20130106040942im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/RvRFtbWyBHM/default.jpg "Sugar Ray Leonard vs Hector Camacho [Leonard's last fight]")
Sugar Ray Leonard vs Hector Camacho [Leonard's last fight]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 34:08
- Updated: 05 Jan 2013
1st of March, 1997..........Convention Center, Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States_______________________________________________________________________Tags: sugar ray leonard hector camacho senior full fight part round ko knockout hektor sr boxing boxer last fight good quality high definition hq hd
http://wn.com/Sugar_Ray_Leonard_vs_Hector_Camacho_Leonard's_last_fight_
1st of March, 1997..........Convention Center, Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States_______________________________________________________________________Tags: sugar ray leonard hector camacho senior full fight part round ko knockout hektor sr boxing boxer last fight good quality high definition hq hd
- published: 19 Aug 2011
- views: 252468
- author: huakklise
Sugar Ray Leonard Highlight.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:50
- Updated: 26 Dec 2012
http://wn.com/Sugar_Ray_Leonard_Highlight
Sugar Ray Leonard 1976 Olympic Gold Medal Match Pt. 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:57
- Updated: 03 Jan 2013
Sugar Ray Leonard 1976 Olympic Gold Medal Match
http://wn.com/Sugar_Ray_Leonard_1976_Olympic_Gold_Medal_Match_Pt_2
Sugar Ray Leonard 1976 Olympic Gold Medal Match
- published: 26 Mar 2010
- views: 41438
- author: stylezmakefights
Terry Norris vs Sugar Ray Leonard (High Quality)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 63:15
- Updated: 05 Jan 2013
9th of February, 1991........Madison Square Garden, New York_____________________________________________________________________________________________Tags: terry norris vs sugar ray leonard full fight part round ko knockout high quality hq hd definition boxing boxer terrible wbc light middleweight title
http://wn.com/Terry_Norris_vs_Sugar_Ray_Leonard_High_Quality
9th of February, 1991........Madison Square Garden, New York_____________________________________________________________________________________________Tags: terry norris vs sugar ray leonard full fight part round ko knockout high quality hq hd definition boxing boxer terrible wbc light middleweight title
- published: 08 Dec 2011
- views: 75584
- author: BalaclavaBoxing
Sugar Ray Leonard Sparring
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:03
- Updated: 01 Jan 2013
For more, check out SugarRayLeonard.com
http://wn.com/Sugar_Ray_Leonard_Sparring
In This Corner with Sugar Ray Leonard
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:06
- Updated: 28 Jun 2012
This week In This Corner features an in depth interview with the Legendary Hall of Famer Sugar Ray Leonard. Smitty recounts with Ray all of his career highlights from The Olympics and winning a Gold medal for the US through all of his incredible Championships fights with other legends such as Wilfred Benitez, Roberto Duran, Tommy Hearns and Marvelous Marvin Hagler. This is a can't miss episode so tune in on Comcast Sportsnet California or Sportstime Ohio beginning Sunday August 8.
http://wn.com/In_This_Corner_with_Sugar_Ray_Leonard
This week In This Corner features an in depth interview with the Legendary Hall of Famer Sugar Ray Leonard. Smitty recounts with Ray all of his career highlights from The Olympics and winning a Gold medal for the US through all of his incredible Championships fights with other legends such as Wilfred Benitez, Roberto Duran, Tommy Hearns and Marvelous Marvin Hagler. This is a can't miss episode so tune in on Comcast Sportsnet California or Sportstime Ohio beginning Sunday August 8.
- published: 06 Aug 2010
- views: 7776
- author: maxboxing
photo: AP / Juan Karita
04 Jan 2013
Argentine President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner has released a public letter urging the United Kingdom to relinquish its control over the disputed Falkland Islands. ... The veterans delivered a letter addressed to the British Ambassador in Argentina, John Freeman, criticising the British government for refusing to discuss the sovereignty of the islands with the Argentine government ... 508 Source.. Al Jazeera and agencies. Share....(size: 19.6Kb)
photo: WN / Imran Nissar
03 Jan 2013
A gang of men accused of repeatedly raping a 23-year-old student on a moving bus in New Delhi in a deadly crime that repulsed the nation are to appear in court today for the first time. A British tourist join others in a candlelight vigil to mourn the death of a gang rape victim, in Kolkata, India Photo. AP. 3.52AM GMT 03 Jan 2013 ... Police have ordered a bone test to determine his age and whether he can stand trial in an adult court....(size: 11.3Kb)
photo: WN / Bhaskar Mallick
05 Jan 2013
Tweet. New Delhi, Jan 5 (ANI). The male friend of the 23-year-old medical student, who was gang-raped and left unclothed and bleeding in the street and later died in hospital two weeks after she was attacked on December 16 on a private bus in New Delhi, has said that things would have gone differently if someone had stopped to help ... "It would have been a very different scenario today, had even one person come to our help that day ... (ANI)....(size: 3.8Kb)
photo: AP / SANA
05 Jan 2013
Syrian government forces have bombarded several rebel strongholds in the suburbs of Damascus to quell the fighters battling the regime of President Bashar al-Assad from reaching the capital. Activists on Saturday said troops leveled their bombardment campaign on the districts of Hajar al-Aswad and Qaboun in southern Damascus while they continued to shell the suburbs of Daraya, Beit Hahm, Zibdeen, Maadamiya and Jisteen ... 445 Source. ... ....(size: 19.0Kb)
photo: US Navy / HMC Josh Ives
03 Jan 2013
Washington. Aiming to get cooperation through dialogue, the US said that it is working hard to create an environment within Afghanistan and also in the region to have support for Afghan-Afghan reconciliation ... Responding to questions, Nuland said the US supports an Afghan-led process of reconciliation ... Saying that Pakistan needs to engage with Afghanistan directly, Nuland said the US supports dialogue between the two ... PTI ... First Published....(size: 2.3Kb)
Lexington Herald-Leader
03 Jan 2013
Roberts, 38, says, "Ten years ago, ballroom dancing was something your grandparents did ... Trebunskaya, 32, concurred ... In her years on the ABC competition show, Trebunskaya has been paired with celebrities ranging from boxing legend Sugar Ray Leonard to Queer Eye for the Straight Guy star Carson Kressley, their moves followed and critiqued by legions of fans who have made ballroom a pop culture phenomenon ... Rich Copley. (859) 231-3217 ... Blog....(size: 3.8Kb)
Celebrity Café
03 Jan 2013
Another year gone bye, and unfortunately, another year lost. 2012 brought along some notable passings. and in the spirit of beginning a New Year, it deemed suitable to look back at 2012 and remember those that we've lost. Here are some of the notable passings of 2012 in entertainment in no particular order. Dick Clark, 82. TV Personality. It isn't quite a New Year without Dick Clark ... Whitney Houston, 48. Singer ... Author ... out Sugar Ray Leonard ... ....(size: 7.9Kb)
Sky Sports
02 Jan 2013
Guillem Balague and Albert Ferer discuss Guillem's biography of Pep Guardiola in the latest Sporting Chapters. 'Pep' Guardiola is the most charismatic and successful manager in club football this century, and this entertainingly perceptive biography explains why ... At the end of the 2012 season he resigned after four years of unprecedented achievement ... If you missed Sporting Chapters with boxing legend Sugar Ray Leonard, then click here....(size: 17.1Kb)
Tampa Bay Online
31 Dec 2012
Tonight marks only the second time since the mid-'70s that the new year won't be ushered in by TV icon Dick Clark ... military we lost in 2012. JANUARY ... John F ... FEBRUARY ... Angelo Dundee, 90, celebrated boxing trainer and corner man, best known for his work with Muhammad Ali and Sugar Ray Leonard ... MARCH ... Ray Bradbury, 91, legendary science fiction writer who authored more than 25 novels including "Fahrenheit 451" and "The Martian Chronicles." ... N....(size: 20.6Kb)
The Examiner
29 Dec 2012
It seems like boxing has enjoyed a slight revival over the past year or so. Great fights, interesting stories and some fresh faces have all aided in making 2012 a pretty decent year for the sport. But is this a sign of a turnaround, or merely a temporary increase in momentum? ... Sugar Ray Leonard, Marvin Hagler, Roberto Duran, Thomas Hearns were all looked at as near equals, so when they met, the anticipation was enormous ... ....(size: 3.8Kb)
The Examiner
29 Dec 2012
Status. Hall of Fame boxing promoter. Age. 81. Birthplace. New York City. Hobbies/Interests. “What I like to do is – I love to watch sports. I love to play tennis. I like to swim. And I like to play with the grandkids. And I like to read ... Favorite Movies ... And you always say to youself, What the hell am I doing? I remember specifically when Ray Mancini knocked out Duk Koo Kim ... “Past – obviously Ali, Hagler, Sugar Ray Leonard, I loved those guys ... ....(size: 4.8Kb)
The Examiner
28 Dec 2012
“The Son of God,” currently rated by Ring Magazine as the second pound-for-pound boxer in the world, is now in position to become a national superstar and household name like fellow American gold medalists Muhammad Ali, “Sugar” Ray Leonard and Oscar De La Hoya. Roger “Pit” Perron is a venerable boxing trainer from Brockton (Mass.) who now works with Mike and Rich Cappiello at their gym, Cappiello Brothers Boxing and Training ... ....(size: 2.7Kb)
Austin American Statesman
28 Dec 2012
Neil Armstrong would always be taking that first step onto the moon, and Dick Clark was forever "the world's oldest teenager." Some of the notables who died in 2012 created images in our minds that remained unchanged over decades ... Sherwood Rowland, George Cowan and Bernard Lovell ... JANUARY. ... Jan. 1 ... Jan ... Trainer who helped groom Muhammad Ali and Sugar Ray Leonard into world champions ... Bert Sugar, 75 ... Frank Edward "Ed" Ray, 91 ... Ray Bradbury, 91....(size: 23.6Kb)
Independent online (SA)
27 Dec 2012
The sporting world lost some top class athletes in 2012, including South Africa’s former world heavyweight champion, Corrie Sanders. Boxing. Hector Camacho ... He won super lightweight, lightweight and light welterweight world titles in the 1980s and ended Sugar Ray Leonard’s last comeback bid in 1997 with a knockout victory. Throughout his life, however, Camacho dealt with drug and alcohol addiction ... Michael Dokes ... Cricket ... Darts....(size: 10.6Kb)
Review Journal
26 Dec 2012
Terry Norris counts his victories over Sugar Ray Leonard and John "The Beast" Mugabi as the most memorable moments of his Hall of Fame boxing career. But the former four-time light middleweight world champion can't remember those fights or any others - nor, for that matter, the date of his 2009 wedding to his wife, Tanya ... He also broke down crying more than once. "I need something to correct my memory ... Said Tanya ... It's embarrassing." ... Dr ... ....(size: 8.3Kb)
Tulsa World
26 Dec 2012
This is an Associated Press chronological compilation of some of the most notable people who died in 2012. The list will be published serially as space allows. Neil Armstrong would always be taking that first step onto the moon, and Dick Clark was forever "the world's oldest teenager." ... Sherwood Rowland, George Cowan and Bernard Lovell ... Ewing on "Dallas." ... 1 ... Trainer who helped groom Muhammad Ali and Sugar Ray Leonard into world champions ... ....(size: 10.6Kb)
Bloomberg
26 Dec 2012
The first man on the moon, the first U.S. woman in space and the first black Federal Reserve member were among the notable deaths in 2012. Neil Armstrong, 82, died in August; Sally Ride, 61, in July; and Andrew Brimmer, 86, in October ... A cause of death is provided when available ... Died Jan ... 6 ... The boxing trainer who guided three-time heavyweight champion Muhammad Ali and middleweight champ Sugar Ray Leonard ... Bert Sugar, 74 ... Ray Bradbury, 91 ... ....(size: 42.1Kb)
my SA
24 Dec 2012
Dundee, the peerless trainer who was in the corner for Muhammad Ali and Sugar Ray Leonard and always drew the best out of his fighters, was 90. He also handled Basilio, who died at 85 after a career in which he took the middleweight crown from Sugar Ray Robinson in 1957 only to lose it six months later....(size: 11.3Kb)
| Sugar Ray Leonard | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Sugar Ray Leonard, October 2007 |
|||||||
| Statistics | |||||||
| Real name | Ray Charles Leonard | ||||||
| Nickname(s) | Sugar | ||||||
| Rated at | Welterweight Light Middleweight Middleweight Super Middleweight Light Heavyweight |
||||||
| Height | 5 ft 10 in (1.78 m) | ||||||
| Reach | 74 in (188 cm) | ||||||
| Nationality | American | ||||||
| Born | (1956-05-17) May 17, 1956 (age 56) Rocky Mount, North Carolina, USA |
||||||
| Stance | Orthodox | ||||||
| Boxing record | |||||||
| Total fights | 40 | ||||||
| Wins | 36 | ||||||
| Wins by KO | 25 | ||||||
| Losses | 3 | ||||||
| Draws | 1 | ||||||
| No contests | 0 | ||||||
|
Medal record
|
|||||||
Sugar Ray Leonard (born May 17, 1956) is an American retired professional boxer and occasional actor. He was named Ray Charles Leonard, after his mother's favorite singer, Ray Charles. Leonard was the first boxer to earn more than $100 million in purses, won world titles in five weight divisions and defeated future fellow International Boxing Hall of Fame inductees Wilfred Benítez, Thomas Hearns, Roberto Durán and Marvin Hagler.[1][2] Leonard was named "Boxer of the Decade" for the 1980s.[3]
Contents |
Early life[link]
Leonard, the fifth of seven children, was born in Rocky Mount, North Carolina to Cicero and Getha Leonard. He grew up in Wilmington, N.C. When he was three, the family moved to Washington, D.C. When he was ten, they settled permanently in Palmer Park, Maryland. His father worked as a supermarket night manager, his mother was a nurse.
Leonard was a shy child, and aside from the time he nearly drowned in a creek during a Seat Pleasant flood, his childhood was uneventful. He stayed home a lot, reading comic books and playing with his dog. "He never did talk too much," his mother said. "We never could tell what he was thinking. But I never had any problems with him. I never had to go to school once because of him."[4]
Amateur career[link]
Leonard started boxing at the Palmer Park recreation center in 1969. His older brother Roger started boxing first. Roger helped start the boxing program, urging the center's director, Ollie Dunlap to form a team. Dave Jacobs, a former boxer, and Janks Morton volunteered as boxing coaches. Roger won some trophies and showed them off in front of Ray, goading him to start boxing.
In 1972, Leonard boxed in the featherweight quarterfinals of the National AAU Tournament, losing by decision to Jerome Artis. It was his first defeat. Later that year, he boxed in the Eastern Olympic Trials. The rules stated that a boxer had to be seventeen to box in international competition, so Leonard, only sixteen, lied about his age.[5] He made it to the lightweight semifinals, losing a disputed decision to Greg Whaley, who took such a beating that he wasn't allowed to continue in the trials. Whaley never boxed again.[6]
Sarge Johnson, assistant coach of the U.S. Olympic Boxing Team, said to Dave Jacobs, "That kid you got is sweet as sugar." The nickname stuck. However, given his style and first name, it was probably only a matter of time before people started calling him Sugar Ray, after the man many consider to be the best boxer of all time, Sugar Ray Robinson.[7]
In 1973, Leonard won the National Golden Gloves Lightweight Championship, but lost to Randy Shields in the lightweight final of the National AAU Tournament. The following year, Leonard won the National Golden Gloves and National AAU Lightweight Championships.
Leonard suffered his last two losses as an amateur in 1973. He lost a disputed decision to Anatoli Kamnev in Moscow, after which, Kamnev gave the winner's trophy to Leonard. In Poland, Kazimier Szczerba was given a decision victory over Leonard, even though he was dominated in the first two rounds and dropped three times in the third.[8]
Leonard won the National Golden Gloves and National AAU Light Welterweight Championships in 1974. The following year, he again won the National AAU Light Welterweight Championship, as well as the Light Welterweight Championship at the Pan American Games.
In 1976, Leonard made the U.S. Olympic Team as the light welterweight representative. The team also included Leon and Michael Spinks, Howard Davis, Jr., Leo Randolph, Charles Mooney and John Tate. Many consider the 1976 U.S. team to be the greatest boxing team in the history of the Olympics.[9]
Leonard won his first four Olympic bouts by 5–0 decisions. He faced Kazimier Szczerba in the semifinals and won by a 5–0 decision, avenging his last amateur loss. In the final, he boxed the great Cuban knockout artist Andrés Aldama, who scored five straight knockouts to reach the final.
Leonard landed several good left hooks in the first round. In the second, he dropped Aldama with a left to the chin. Late in the final round, he again hurt Aldama, which brought a standing eight count from the referee. With only a few seconds left in the fight, a Leonard combination forced another standing eight count. Leonard was awarded a 5–0 decision and the Olympic Gold Medal.
Afterward, Leonard announced, "I'm finished...I've fought my last fight. My journey has ended, my dream is fulfilled. Now I want to go to school." He was given a scholarship to the University of Maryland, a gift from the citizens of Glenarden, Maryland. He planned to study business administration and communications.[10]
He finished his amateur career with a record of 145–5 and 75 KO's.[11][12]
Achievements[link]
- 1973 National Golden Gloves Lightweight Champion, defeating Hilmer Kenty
- 1973 National AAU Light Welterweight Championship runner-up, losing to Randy Shields
- 1974 National AAU Light Welterweight Champion
- 1974 National Golden Gloves Light Welterweight Champion
- 1975 National AAU Light Welterweight Champion
- 1975 Pan American Games Light Welterweight Gold Medalist
- 1976 Olympic Light Welterweight Gold Medalist
- Olympic Results
- Defeated Ulf Carlsson (Sweden) points 5–0
- Defeated Valery Limassov (Soviet Union) points 5–0
- Defeated Clinton McKenzie (Great Britain) points 5–0
- Defeated Ulrich Beyer (East Germany) points 5–0
- Defeated Kazimierz Szczerba (Poland) points 5–0
- Defeated Andrés Aldama (Cuba) points 5–0[13]
Change in plans[link]
Juanita Wilkinson, Leonard's high school girlfriend, told him she was pregnant in the summer of 1973. They decided to have the baby but marriage would be put off until after the Olympics in 1976. Leonard would continue to pursue his Olympic dream while she and the baby, Ray Charles Leonard Jr., lived with her parents. When Leonard boxed in the Olympics, he had a picture of Wilkinson taped to his sock.
Shortly before the Olympics, Wilkinson had filed an application to receive $156 a month in child support payments from Prince George's County. She named Leonard as the father and the county's state attorney's office filed a civil suit against Leonard to establish paternity and get support payments for the child. Leonard learned of the suit several days after returning home from the Olympics. The headline in the Washington Star read, "Sugar Ray Leonard Named in Welfare Dept. Paternity Suit."[14]
Wilkinson went to the Olympics to watch Leonard box, but she did not tell him about the suit and never asked him for any money. "I didn't feel like being bothered by all those complications by asking him for any money for support," she said. Leonard pledged he would support his son, even if he had to scrap plans to attend college.[15]
Leonard had hoped to get lucrative endorsements following his gold medal win, but the publicity from the paternity suit chased off any big commercial possibilities. To make matters worse, his father was hospitalized with meningitis and his mother suffered a heart attack. With neither parent able to work, with his child and the mother of his child to support and without any endorsement opportunities, Leonard decided to become a professional boxer.[16]
Professional career[link]
Early professional career[link]
When Leonard decided to turn professional, Janks Morton introduced him to Mike Trainer, a friend of his who was an attorney. Trainer talked twenty-four of his friends and clients into underwriting Leonard's career with an investment of $21,000 to be repaid within four years at 8% interest. Trainer then made Leonard the sole stockholder in Sugar Ray Leonard, Inc.
Angelo Dundee, Muhammad Ali's trainer, was brought in to be Leonard's trainer and manager. Many of the people being considered wanted absolute control and a cut somewhere near the manager's traditional 33%. Dundee had a different proposition. Although he would prescribe the training procedures, he would leave the day-to-day work to Dave Jacobs and Janks Morton. He would also choose Leonard's opponents. For his services, Dundee would get 15% of Leonard's purse.[17]
Leonard made his professional debut on February 5, 1977 before a crowd of 10,270 at the Civic Center in Baltimore, Maryland. He was paid $40,044 for the fight. His opponent was Luis "The Bull" Vega, whom he defeated by a six-round unanimous decision.[18] After the fight, Leonard paid back his $21,000 loan to the investors.[19]
In his fourteenth professional fight, Leonard fought his first world-ranked opponent, Floyd Mayweather, who was ranked seventeenth. The fight took place on September 9, 1978. Leonard won by a tenth-round knockout.[20] A month later, Leonard defeated his old amateur nemesis Randy Shields by a ten-round unanimous decision.[21]
On August 12, 1979, Leonard knocked out Pete Ranzany in four rounds to win the NABF Welterweight Championship.[22] The following month, he made his first title defense against Andy Price. Many felt that Price would give Leonard a tough fight, but Leonard took him out in the first round, advancing his record to 25–0 with 16 knockouts.[23]
First world title[link]
Leonard fought Wilfred Benitez for the WBC Welterweight Championship on November 30, 1979 at Caesar's Palace in Las Vegas, Nevada. Leonard received $1 million and Benitez, a two-division champion with a record of 38–0–1, received $1.2 million.
It was a highly competitive and tactical battle. In the first round, Leonard rocked Benitez with a left hook that came off a jab and right cross. Late in the third, Leonard dropped Benitez on the seat of his pants with a stiff left jab. More embarrassed than hurt, Benitez got up quickly.
Benitez started to do better in the fourth, slipping numerous punches and finding the range with his right hand. "I wasn't aware I was in a championship early because I hit him so easy," Leonard said. "But then he adjusted to my style. It was like looking in a mirror."
In the sixth, there was an accidental clash of heads, which opened a cut on the forehead of Benitez. Blood flowed down his forehead and the bridge of his nose but stayed out of his eyes.
Leonard landed the harder punches and had Benitez hurt several times late in the fight, but Leonard couldn't put him away. Benitez was very slick. "No one, I mean no one, can make me miss punches like that," Leonard said.
Going into the final round, Leonard led by scores of 137–130, 137–133, and 136–134. The two went toe-to-toe in the fifteenth. Late in the round, Leonard dropped Benitez with a left. He got up, but after a few more punches, the referee stopped the fight. The time was 2:54 of round fifteen.[24]
The Boxing Writers Association of America and The Ring named Leonard "Fighter of the Year" for 1979.
Leonard made his first title defense in Landover, Maryland on March 31, 1980. His opponent was Dave "Boy" Green. The British challenger had a record of 33–2. In the fourth round, Leonard knocked Green out with a devastating left hook. Leonard called it "the hardest single punch I ever threw."[25]
The brawl in Montreal[link]
On June 20, 1980 Leonard returned to the Olympic Stadium in Montreal to defend his title against Roberto Durán before a crowd of 46,317. Durán, the former Undisputed World Lightweight Champion, had a record of 71–1 and was the #1 welterweight contender. Durán received $1.5 million and Leonard, working for a percentage of the closed-circuit gate as well as a guarantee, received over $9 million.
Angelo Dundee counseled Leonard to box, to move side to side and not to get caught on the ropes. However, Leonard decided to fight Durán's way. "Flat-footed," he said. "I will not run."[26]
Durán forced the issue and took the fight to Leonard, cutting off the ring and denying Leonard space to fight his fight. Durán attacked at almost every turn. Leonard battled back again and again, but he had to work just to find room to breathe and swing, at times simply to survive. In the second, Durán rocked Leonard with a left hook, sending him into the ropes. Leonard started to do better by the fifth round, finding some punching room and throwing numerous multi-punch combinations. The two fought with great intensity throughout the fight. According to Bill Nack:
It was, from almost the opening salvo, a fight that belonged to Durán. The Panamanian seized the evening and gave it what shape and momentum it had. He took control, attacking and driving Leonard against the ropes, bulling him back, hitting him with lefts and rights to the body as he maneuvered the champion against the ropes from corner to corner. Always moving forward, he mauled and wrestled Leonard, scoring inside with hooks and rights. For three rounds Durán drove at Sugar Ray with a fury, and there were moments when it seemed the fight could not last five. Unable to get away, unable to counter and unable to slide away to open up the ring, Leonard seemed almost helpless under the assault. Now and then he got loose and countered—left-right-left to Duran's bobbing head—but he missed punches and could not work inside, could not jab, could not mount an offense to keep Durán at bay.[26]
Durán was awarded a unanimous decision, although it was mistakenly read as a majority decision in the ring. The scorecard of judge Angelo Poletti was incorrectly added and announced as 147–147. He actually scored it 148–147. In rounds, he had it three for Durán, two for Leonard, and ten even. Sports Illustrated called his scorecard "a monument to indecision." Judges Raymond Baldeyrou and Harry Gibbs scored the fight 146–144 and 145–144, respectively. The Associated Press had it 144–141 for Durán, while The New York Times had Leonard ahead 144–142.
"I did the best I could," Leonard said. "I think I pretty much fought from the heart." Asked if Leonard was the best he ever fought, Durán thought for a moment and then answered, "Si, si." Durán said. "He does have a heart. That's why he's living."[27][28]
Revenge in New Orleans[link]
The rematch took place November 25, 1980 at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans. Leonard received $7 million and Durán received $8 million.
Dave Jacobs disagreed with the decision to have an immediate rematch with Durán and terminated his relationship with Leonard when the rematch was made. "My idea is that he should have a tuneup fight before he fights with Roberto again," Jacobs said. "I think he won the fight with Durán, but I don't think it is healthy for him to be fighting Durán right away."[29]
After the Montreal fight Durán went on a partying binge and ballooned in weight. Leonard was aware of this, and in an interview for Beyond the Glory he said: "My intention was to fight Durán ASAP because I knew Durán's habits. I knew he would indulge himself, he'd gain 40–50 lbs and then sweat it off to make 147." Unlike the fight in Montreal, Leonard used his superior speed and movement to outbox and befuddle Durán. "The whole fight, I was moving, I was moving," Leonard said. "And Voom! I snapped his head back with a jab. Voom! I snapped it back again. He tried to get me against the ropes, I'd pivot, spin off and Pow! Come under with a punch."
In round seven, Leonard started to taunt Durán. Leonard's most memorable punch came late in the round. Winding up his right hand, as if to throw a bolo punch, Leonard snapped out a left jab and caught Durán flush in the face. "It made his eyes water," Leonard said. He continued to taunt Durán mercilessly. He stuck out his chin, inviting Durán to hit it. Durán hesitated. Leonard kept it up, continuing to move, stop, and mug.
In the closing seconds of the eighth round, Durán turned his back to Leonard and quit, saying to referee Octavio Meyran, "No Mas." Leonard was the winner by a technical knockout at 2:44 of round eight, regaining the WBC Welterweight Championship. Leonard led by scores of 68–66, 68–66 and 67–66.[30]
Durán said he quit because of stomach cramps, caused by overeating after the weigh-in. "At the end of the fifth round, I got cramps in my stomach and it kept getting worse and worse," Duran later said. "I felt weaker and weaker in my body and arms." He then announced, "I am retiring from boxing right now." During the night Durán was admitted to a hospital with stomach pains, and discharged the following day.
Everyone was surprised by Durán's actions, none more so than his veteran trainers, Freddie Brown and Ray Arcel. "I was shocked," Brown said. "There was no indication that he was in pain or getting weak."[31] Arcel was angry. "That's it," he said. "I've had it. This is terrible. I've handled thousands of fighters and never had anyone quit on me. I think he needs a psychiatrist more than he needs anything else." Durán's manager, Carlos Eleta, said, "Durán didn't quit because of stomach cramps. He quit because he was embarrassed. I know this."[32] According to Randy Gordon, who witnessed Durán's antics beforehand and was in his dressing room immediately afterwards, Durán quit because of his huge eating binge prior to the fight.[33]
"I made him quit," Leonard said. "To make a man quit, to make Roberto Durán quit, was better than knocking him out."[34]
Second world title[link]
On March 28, 1981, Leonard defended his title against Larry Bonds, the WBC sixth-ranked contender, at the Carrier Dome in Syracuse, New York. Bonds was a southpaw, which made him a good opponent for Leonard, given that his next opponent was scheduled to be the WBA Light Middleweight Champion Ayub Kalule, a southpaw.
Leonard was the aggressor throughout, with Bonds circling the ring. He staggered Bonds with a right in the fourth round and dropped him with a follow-up combination. Bonds got up and continued to move, with Leonard in pursuit. Leonard dropped him again in the tenth. Bonds rose but Leonard didn't let him off the hook. The referee stopped the fight with Bonds taking punishment in a corner.[35]
Leonard moved up to the junior middleweight division and faced Kalule on June 25, 1981 at the Astrodome in Houston, Texas. Kalule, who was 36–0, had been the WBA Light Middleweight Champion for two years.
Kalule and his handlers had expected Leonard to use lateral movement against him, but Leonard took the fight to Kalule. After eight tough rounds, Leonard was ahead although Kalule appeared to be coming on strong in the eight and ninth. Leonard finally hurt him with a right to the head. Shortly afterward, Leonard dropped him with a flurry of punches. Kalule got up but the referee waved it off. Leonard celebrated his victory with a full 360-degree, no-hands flip.[36] Despite an official stoppage time of 2.59, the fight was actually stopped at 3.06 into the round, meaning Kalule should have been saved by the bell.[37]
The Showdown[link]
Promoted as "The Showdown," Leonard fought Thomas Hearns on September 16, 1981 at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas to unify the World Welterweight Championship in a scheduled fifteen-rounder. They fought before a live crowd of 23,618. Hearns was paid $5.1 million, and Leonard made over $11 million.
Hearns, 32–0 with 30 knockouts, won the WBA Welterweight Championship in 1980, scoring a second-round knockout of Jose 'Pipino' Cuevas in Detroit, Michigan. He made three successful title defenses, stopping Luis Primera, Randy Shields, and Pablo Baez.
The fight began as expected, Leonard boxing from a distance and Hearns stalking. Leonard had difficulty with Hearns' long reach and sharp jab. By the end of round five, Leonard had a growing swelling under his left eye, and Hearns had built a considerable lead on the scorecards. Leonard, becoming more aggressive, hurt Hearns in the sixth with a left hook to the chin. Leonard battered Hearns in rounds six and seven, but Hearns regrouped. Hearns started to stick and move, and he started to pile up points again. The roles reversed: Leonard became the stalker and Hearns became the boxer. The fight billed as a classic showdown between a powerful knockout artist and the best boxer/puncher the welterweight division had seen in decades devolved into a tactical and boring fight.
Hearns won rounds nine through twelve on all three scorecards. Between rounds twelve and thirteen, Angelo Dundee told Leonard, "You're blowing it, son! You're blowing it!"
Leonard, with a badly swollen left eye, came out roaring for the thirteenth round. After hurting Hearns with a right, Leonard exploded with a combination of punches. Hearns' legs were clearly gone and after more pressure from Leonard he was bundled through the ropes, no knockdown was given as it wasn't a punch that sent him there. Hearns managed to rise, but was dropped by a flurry of hard punches near the end of the round.
In round fourteen, after staggering Hearns with an overhand right, Leonard pinned Hearns against the ropes, where he unleashed another furious combination, prompting referee Davey Pearl to stop the contest and award Sugar Ray Leonard the Unified World Welterweight Championship. Hearns was leading by scores of 124–122, 125–122, and 125–121.
After the fight, there was controversy due to the scoring of rounds six and seven. Even though Leonard dominated, hurting Hearns and battering him, all three judges gave both rounds to Leonard by a 10–9 margin. Many felt that the ten-point must scoring system was not properly used and those rounds should have been scored 10–8.[38] Some also considered the stoppage premature: at ringside veteran announcer announcer Don Dunphy said 'They're stopping the fight. I don't believe it. Hearns was ahead on points'
The fight was named "Fight of the Year" by The Ring.
Leonard was named "Fighter of the Year" by The Ring and The Boxing Writers Association of America. He was also named "Athlete of the Year" by ABC's Wide World of Sports and "Sportsman of the Year" by Sports Illustrated.[39]
Retirement and return[link]
On February 15, 1982, Leonard defended the unified title against Bruce Finch, the WBC #4 contender. Leonard knocked him out in the third round.[40] Leonard's next fight was scheduled to be against Roger Stafford on May 14, 1982 in Buffalo, New York. While training, Leonard started to see floaters. He went to a doctor and discovered that he had a detached retina.[41]
On November 9, 1982, after consulting with doctors, friends and family, Leonard invited Marvin Hagler and other boxing dignitaries to a charity event in Baltimore, Maryland. Standing in a boxing ring with ABC's Howard Cosell nearby, Leonard announced his retirement, saying a bout with Hagler would unfortunately never happen. Leonard maintained his eye was fully healed, but that he just didn't want to box anymore.[42]
Missing the limelight and the competition, Leonard announced in December 1983 that he was returning to the ring. Leonard boasted that he would have a couple of ten-round bouts and then take on Milton McCrory, Donald Curry, Durán, Hearns and finally Hagler. This decision was met with a torrent of criticism from fans and the media, who felt Leonard was taking unnecessary risks with his surgically repaired eye.[43]
A bout with Philadelphia's Kevin Howard, who was 20–4–1, was scheduled for February 25, 1984. The fight was postponed when Leonard had minor corrective surgery on his right eye. This latest eye injury further fueled the flames of those who opposed Leonard's comeback.[44]
Before the fight with Howard, Dave Jacobs rejoined Leonard's team in a limited role. Jacobs had quit in 1980, disagreeing with Leonard's decision to have an immediate rematch with Durán.[45]
Leonard and Howard fought on May 11, 1984 in Worcester, Massachusetts. Howard knocked Leonard flat on his back in the fourth round. It was the first knockdown of Leonard's professional career. Leonard came back to stop Howard in the ninth round, but the stoppage was disputed, with some feeling that the referee stopped the fight prematurely. Leonard was ahead on all three scorecards at the time of the stoppage. At the post-fight press conference, Leonard surprised everyone by announcing his retirement again, saying he just didn't have it anymore.[46]
The Super Fight[link]
On March 10, 1986, Marvelous Marvin Hagler knocked out John "The Beast" Mugabi in eleven rounds to retain the Undisputed World Middleweight Championship for the twelfth time and advance his record to 62–2–2. "I was ringside," Leonard said. "I'm watching John 'The Beast' Mugabi outbox Hagler. Of all people, John 'The Beast' Mugabi." It was then that Leonard decided to come back and fight Hagler. He called Mike Trainer and said, "I can beat Hagler."
On May 1, 1986, Leonard announced on a Washington, D.C. talk show that he would return to the ring to fight Hagler. The announcement generated a lot of controversy because of Leonard's inactivity and eye injuries, yet it also excited many sports fans who had hoped to see them fight years earlier. Hagler took a few months to decide, then agreed to the match.[47]
The fight, promoted as "The Super Fight," was scheduled for April 6, 1987 at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas. Leonard was guaranteed $11 million, and Hagler was guaranteed $12 million. Hagler was a heavy favorite. The odds started at 4–1, then settled at 3–1.
The original fight plan for Leonard was to go toe-to-toe with Hagler and try to cut him, but the plan changed about five days before the fight. Leonard got hit by sparring partner Quincy Taylor and was badly buckled. "He almost knocked me out," Leonard said. After that, Leonard decided to box Hagler.[48]
Many were surprised that Hagler, a natural southpaw, opened the fight boxing out of an orthodox stance. After the quick and slick Leonard won the first two rounds on all three scorecards, Hagler started the third round as a southpaw. Hagler did better, but Leonard's superior speed and boxing skill still allowed him to control the fight. Hagler looked stiff and mechanical and missed the speedy Leonard time and again prompting ringside commentator for the NBC network re-broadcast Gil Clancy to remark "...and is he ever missing...Leonard isn't doing anything to make him miss, he's just missing!"
By the fifth, Leonard, who was moving a lot, began to tire and Hagler started to get closer. Hagler buckled Leonard's knees with a right uppercut near the end of the round, which finished with Leonard on the ropes. Hagler continued to score somewhat effectively in round six. Leonard, having slowed down, was obliged to fight more and move less. However, he was able to outpunch Hagler along the ropes and got the better of several bristling exchanges. Hagler never seized control of the fight as he had against Thomas Hearns two years earlier, when he brutalized Hearns and scored a third-round knockout. Hagler's punches lacked snap and, although he was scoring solidly to the body, he looked nothing like the powerful fighter who had dominated the middleweight division for the previous five years. Leonard's observation that the Hagler who beat John Mugabi was older and slower proved to be spot on.
In rounds seven and eight, Hagler's southpaw jab was landing solidly and Leonard's counter flurries were less frequent. Round nine was the most exciting round of the fight. Hagler hurt Leonard with a left cross and pinned him in a corner. Leonard looked to be in trouble, but he furiously fought his way out of the corner. The action see-sawed back and forth for the rest of the round, with each man having his moments.
Round ten was tame by comparison, as the pace slowed after the furious action of the previous round. Despite Leonard's obvious fatigue, he boxed well in the eleventh. Every time Hagler scored, Leonard came back with something flashier. Between rounds eleven and twelve, Leonard's trainer Angelo Dundee implored Sugar Ray to get up off his stool yelling "We got three minutes...new champ...new champ!" Leonard yelled "Yeah!" and played to the screaming crowd. Hagler's corner was much more reserved prompting Clancy to comment "They're talking to him like it's an IBM meeting or something...no emotion." In the final round, Hagler continued to chase Leonard. He hit Leonard with a big left hand and backed him into a corner. Leonard responded with a furious flurry, landing few punches but whipping the upset-hoping crowd into a frenzy. Hagler backed off, and Leonard danced away with Hagler in pursuit. The fight ended with Hagler and Leonard exchanging along the ropes. At the final bell, even uniformed ringside security rushed into the ring applauding and lauding Leonard's effort.[49]
Leonard threw 629 punches and landed 306, while Hagler threw 792 and landed 291.[50]
Leonard was awarded a controversial split-decision. Judge Dave Moretti scored it 115–113 for Leonard, while judge Lou Filippo had it 115–113 for Hagler. Judge Jose Guerra scored the fight 118–110 for Leonard. Many felt that Hagler deserved the decision because he was the aggressor and landed the harder punches. British boxing journalist Hugh McIlvanney wrote that Leonard's plan was to "steal rounds with a few flashy and carefully timed flurries....he was happy to exaggerate hand speed at the expense of power, and neither he nor two of the scorers seemed bothered by the fact that many of the punches landed on the champion's gloves and arms."[51]
Many others felt that Leonard deservedly got the decision, arguing that Leonard landed more punches and showed better defense and ring generalship. Jim Murray, long-time sports columnist for the Los Angeles Times, wrote, "It wasn't even close...He didn't just outpoint Hagler, he exposed him. He made him look like a guy chasing a bus. In snowshoes.... Leonard repeatedly beat Hagler to the punch. When he did, he hit harder. He hit more often.... He made Hagler into what he perceived him to be throughout his career—a brawler, a swarmer, a man who could club you to death only if you stood there and let him. If you moved, he was lost."[52]
The fight was named "Fight of the Year" and "Upset of the Year" by The Ring.
Despite requests from the Hagler camp, Leonard was uninterested in a rematch and retired on May 27, 1987. "I'll try, I'll give it a shot," Leonard said of his latest retirement. "But you guys know me."[53] A month after Hagler's formal retirement in June 1988 Leonard would announce another comeback.
Another comeback[link]
On November 7, 1988, Leonard made another comeback, facing Don Lalonde at Caesar's Palace in Las Vegas. They fought for Lalonde's WBC Light Heavyweight Championship and the newly created WBC Super Middleweight Championship, which meant that Lalonde had to make 168 lbs. Many were critical of Leonard for stipulating that his opponent—a natural 175 pounder—should weigh less than his usual fighting weight, weakening him. The newly created Super Middleweight division gave Leonard the opportunity to win a world title in yet another weight class.
Lalonde, 31–2 with 26 knockouts, was guaranteed at least $6 million and Leonard was guaranteed over $10 million.
This would be Leonard's first professional fight without Angelo Dundee. For Leonard's fight with Hagler, Dundee worked without a contract and received $175,000, which was less than 2% of Leonard's purse. Dundee was unhappy with that amount. He requested a contract for the Lalonde fight and Leonard refused. "I don't have contracts. My word is my bond," Leonard said. Janks Morton and Dave Jacobs trained Leonard for the Lalonde fight.[54][55]
Lalonde's size and awkwardness troubled Leonard. In the fourth round, a right hand to the top of Leonard's head dropped him for just the second time in his career. Early in the ninth, Lalonde hurt Leonard with a right to the chin. Leonard fired back and hurt Lalonde with a right. He drove him to the ropes and unleashed a furious assault. Lalonde tried to tie up Leonard, but got dropped with a powerful left hook. He rose but was soon down again, and the fight was stopped. Judges Chuck Giampa and Franz Marti had Leonard ahead by scores of 77–74 and 77–75, respectively. Judge Stuart Kirshenbaum had Lalonde ahead 76–75.[56]
After the fight, Leonard vacated the light heavyweight title, but kept the super middleweight title. Also, Leonard and Janks Morton split because of personal differences. Morton was replaced as co-trainer by Pepe Correa, who had worked with Leonard for most of the previous fifteen years.[57]
On June 12, 1989, Leonard defended the WBC Super Middleweight Championship in a rematch with Thomas Hearns at Caesar's Palace. It was promoted as "The War." Hearns was guaranteed $11 million and Leonard was guaranteed $14 million.
Hearns dropped Leonard with a right cross in the third round, but Leonard came back and battered Hearns around the ring in the fifth. Early in the seventh round, Hearns hurt Leonard but punched himself out going for the knockout. With Hearns fatigued, Leonard came back and had a strong finish to the round. Rounds nine and ten were good rounds for Leonard, but he ran into trouble in the eleventh round. Three booming rights from Hearns sent Leonard down for the second time in the fight. Knowing he needed a big finish, Leonard fought furiously and had a big final round.
The judges scored the fight a draw and Leonard retained the title. Judge Jerry Roth scored the fight 113–112 for Hearns, Judge Tom Kazmarek scored it 113–112 for Leonard, and Judge Dalby Shirley scored it 112–112. Shirley was the only judge to give Leonard a 10–8 margin in the twelfth. If he had scored it 10–9, as his two colleagues did, Hearns would have won by a split decision. The decision was soundly booed, as most felt that Hearns had won.[58] Eventually, Leonard admitted that Hearns deserved the decision.
On December 7, 1989, Leonard defended the title against Roberto Durán, who was the reigning WBC Middleweight Champion. Durán was guaranteed $7.6 million and Leonard's arrangement guaranteed him over $13 million.[59]
For the Durán fight, Leonard cut his entourage from twenty-one to six. Dave Jacobs was one of the people let go, leaving Correa as the sole trainer. Correa was instructed not to spare the whip. "For the first time in a long time, I allowed someone to push me," Leonard said.
The fight took place at the new Mirage Hotel in Las Vegas. Leonard used constant lateral movement and won by a lopsided twelve-round unanimous decision over a listless Durán. The scores were 120–110, 119–109, and 116–111. In a fight that many considered to be very boring, both fighters were booed often by the fans and many left the arena before the decision was announced. Pat Putnam of Sports Illustrated wrote, "Leonard gave them artistic perfection when they wanted heated battle, and they booed lustily. Most fight fans would not spend a dime to watch Van Gogh paint Sunflowers, but they would fill Yankee Stadium to see him cut off his ear." The victory over Duran came at the cost of a cut left eye which required multiple stitches to close.[60] Many observed Leonard was lucky championship distance was now 12 rounds instead of the traditional 15. Had Durán inflicted the massive cut with 3-4 rounds to go, it's doubtful Leonard would have been able to finish and Durán would have been credited with one of boxing's great comeback stories.
In January 1990, Leonard relinquished the WBC Super Middleweight Championship, saying that he was unsure whether he would fight again.[61] When Leonard decided to continue his career, he offered Hagler a rematch, but Hagler decided to stay retired.[62] He then offered Hearns a third fight, but Hearns said he could no longer make the weight and moved up to the light heavyweight division.[63]
On February 9, 1991, Leonard went down to 154 lbs and fought WBC Light Middleweight Champion Terry Norris at Madison Square Garden. Leonard entered the bout as a 3-1 favorite but Norris dominated the fight, giving Leonard a heavy beating. He knocked Leonard down with a left hook in the second round, and in the seventh, he dropped Leonard again with a short right. Leonard had no answer for the skillful, younger, faster man. Unable to turn his punches over crisply, Leonard often slapped at his opponent. Leonard went the distance but lost by a lopsided decision. The scores were 120–104, 119–103, and 116–110. After the verdict was announced, Leonard announced his retirement. "It took this fight to show me it is no longer my time," Leonard said. "Tonight was my last fight. I know how Hagler felt now."[64]
The last comeback[link]
In October 1996, the 40-year-old Leonard announced that he was coming out of retirement to fight Héctor Camacho for the lightly regarded IBC Middleweight Championship. Camacho, a light-hitting southpaw who at 34 and as a former lightweight was also considered past his prime, had a record of 62–3–1. Leonard decided to fight Camacho after commentating on his fight with the 45 year old Roberto Duran the previous year, in which Camacho had won a disputed decision which Leonard had called "an early Christmas gift."
Leonard blamed his poor performance against Norris to lack of motivation, a rib injury, moving down in weight, and divorce, which was being litigated while he was in training. "It was stupid for me to fight Norris at 154 lbs," Leonard said. "This is different. I'm in the best shape possible."[65]
For the Camacho fight, Leonard had a new trainer, Adrian Davis. "He's a great trainer, a throwback," Leonard said. "He has really helped me get ready."[66]
In January 1997, it was announced that Leonard had been voted into the International Boxing Hall Of Fame in Canastota, New York. The rules state that a boxer must be retired for five years before being eligible for induction. When the vote took place, Leonard had been retired for more than five years, therefore, he was eligible, even though he had a fight scheduled. The induction ceremony was on June 15, 1997.[67]
The fight with Camacho took place on March 1, 1997 in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Camacho applied pressure from the opening bell and started to score well in the third. He continued to score well in the fourth and opened a cut above Leonard's right eye. In the fifth, Camacho dropped Leonard with a right followed by two left uppercuts. Leonard got up, but was unable to ward off Camacho. The referee stopped the fight with Camacho teeing off on a defenseless Leonard on the ropes. It was the only time in Leonard's career that he was knocked out.
Afterward, Leonard retired again, saying, "For sure, my career is definitely over for me in the ring." However, less than a week after the fight, Leonard said he planned to fight again. He blamed his loss on a torn right calf muscle. His doctor suggested that he cancel the fight, but Leonard wanted to go through with it. Before the fight, he was given a shot of novocaine.[68]
Leonard said he planned to have a series of tuneup fights before fighting a champion.[69] He was scheduled to fight Tony Menefee on February 15, 1998 in Australia, but he pulled out of the fight, saying that he didn't have the motivation. The Camacho fight was Leonard's last. He finished his career with a record of 36–3–1 with 25 knockouts.[70]
Professional Boxing Record[link]
| 36 Wins (25 knockouts, 11 decisions), 3 Losses (1 knockout, 2 decisions), 1 Draw[71] | |||||||
| Res. | Record | Opponent | Type | Round, Time | Date | Location | Notes |
| Loss | 36-3-1 |  Héctor Camacho |
TKO | 5 (12), 1:08 | 1997-03-01 |  Convention Center, Atlantic City, New Jersey |
For IBC Middleweight title. |
| Loss | 36-2-1 | Terry Norris |
UD | 12 | 1991-02-09 | Madison Square Garden, New York City, New York |
For WBC Light Middleweight title. |
| Win | 36-1-1 |  Roberto Durán |
UD | 12 | 1989-12-07 | Mirage Hotel & Casino, Las Vegas, Nevada |
Retained WBC Super Middleweight title. |
| Draw | 35-1-1 | Thomas Hearns |
PTS | 12 | 1989-06-12 | Caesars Palace, Las Vegas, Nevada |
Retained WBC Super Middleweight title. For WBO Super Middleweight title. |
| Win | 35–1 |  Donny Lalonde |
TKO | 9 (12), 2:30 | 1988-11-07 | Caesars Palace, Las Vegas, Nevada |
Won WBC Light Heavyweight & vacant WBC Super Middleweight titles. |
| Win | 34–1 | Marvin Hagler |
SD | 12 | 1987-04-06 | Caesars Palace, Las Vegas, Nevada |
Won WBC & The Ring Middleweight titles. The Ring magazine's "Fight of the Year" (1987) |
| Win | 33–1 | Kevin Howard |
TKO | 9 (10), 2:27 | 1984-05-11 | DCU Center, Worcester, Massachusetts |
|
| Win | 32–1 | Bruce Finch |
TKO | 3 (15), 1:50 | 1982-02-15 | Centennial Coliseum, Reno, Nevada |
Retained WBC, WBA & The Ring Welterweight titles. |
| Win | 31–1 | Thomas Hearns |
TKO | 14 (15), 1:45 | 1981-09-16 | Caesars Palace, Las Vegas, Nevada |
Retained WBC & The Ring & won WBA Welterweight titles. The Ring magazine's "Fight of the Year" (1981) |
| Win | 30–1 |  Ayub Kalule |
TKO | 9 (15), 3:06 | 1981-06-25 | Astrodome, Houston, Texas |
Won WBA & The Ring Light Middleweight titles. |
| Win | 29–1 | Larry Bonds |
TKO | 10 (15), 2:22 | 1981-03-28 | Carrier Dome, Syracuse, New York |
Retained WBC & The Ring Welterweight titles. |
| Win | 28–1 | Roberto Durán |
TKO | 8 (15), 2:44 | 1980-11-25 | Superdome, New Orleans, Louisiana |
Won WBC & The Ring Welterweight titles. |
| Loss | 27–1 | Roberto Durán |
UD | 15 | 1980-06-20 | Olympic Stadium, Montreal, Quebec |
Lost WBC & The Ring Welterweight titles. |
| Win | 27–0 |  Dave Green |
KO | 4 (15), 2:27 | 1980-03-31 | Capital Centre, Landover, Maryland |
Retained WBC & The Ring Welterweight titles. |
| Win | 26–0 | Wilfred Benitez |
TKO | 15 (15), 2:54 | 1979-11-30 | Caesars Palace, Las Vegas, Nevada |
Won WBC & The Ring Welterweight titles. |
| Win | 25–0 | Andy Price |
KO | 1 (12), 2:52 | 1979-09-28 | Caesars Palace, Las Vegas, Nevada |
Retained NABF Welterweight title. |
| Win | 24–0 | Pete Ranzany |
TKO | 4 (12), 2:41 | 1979-08-12 | Caesars Palace, Las Vegas, Nevada |
Won NABF Welterweight title. |
| Win | 23–0 | Tony Chiaverini |
RTD | 4 (10) | 1979-06-24 | Caesars Palace, Las Vegas, Nevada |
|
| Win | 22–0 |  Marcos Geraldo |
UD | 10 | 1979-05-20 | Baton Rouge, Louisiana |
|
| Win | 21–0 | Adolfo Viruet |
UD | 10 | 1979-04-21 | Dunes Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada |
|
| Win | 20–0 |  Daniel Aldo Gonzalez |
KO | 1 (10), 2:03 | 1979-03-24 | Community Center, Tucson, Arizona |
|
| Win | 19–0 | Fernand Marcotte |
TKO | 8 (10), 2:33 | 1979-02-11 | Convention Center, Miami Beach, Florida |
|
| Win | 18–0 | Johnny Gant |
TKO | 8 (12), 2:57 | 1979-01-11 | Capitol Centre, Landover, Maryland |
|
| Win | 17–0 | Armando Muniz |
RTD | 6 (10) | 1978-12-09 | Civic Center, Springfield, Massachusetts |
|
| Win | 16–0 |  Bernardo Prada |
UD | 10 | 1978-11-03 | Cumberland County Civic Center, Portland, Maine |
|
| Win | 15–0 | Randy Shields |
UD | 10 | 1978-10-06 | Civic Center, Baltimore, Maryland |
|
| Win | 14–0 | Floyd Mayweather, Sr. |
TKO | 10 (10), 2:16 | 1978-09-09 | Civic Center, Providence, Rhode Island |
|
| Win | 13–0 | Dicky Eklund |
UD | 10 | 1978-07-18 | Hynes Auditorium, Boston, Massachusetts |
|
| Win | 12–0 | Rafael Rodriguez |
UD | 10 | 1978-06-03 | Civic Center, Baltimore, Maryland |
|
| Win | 11–0 | Randy Milton |
TKO | 8 (10), 2:55 | 1978-05-13 | Memorial Auditorium, Utica, New York |
|
| Win | 10–0 | Bobby Hayman |
TKO | 3 (10) | 1978-04-13 | Capitol Centre, Landover, Maryland |
|
| Win | 9–0 | Javier Muniz |
KO | 1 (8), 2:45 | 1978-03-19 | Veterans Memorial Coliseum, New Haven, Connecticut |
|
| Win | 8–0 | Art McKnight |
TKO | 7 (8), 1:52 | 1978-03-01 | Hara Arena, Dayton, Ohio |
|
| Win | 7–0 | Rocky Ramon |
UD | 8 | 1978-02-04 | Civic Center, Baltimore, Maryland |
|
| Win | 6–0 |  Hector Diaz |
KO | 2 (8), 2:20 | 1977-12-17 | DC Armory, Washington, District of Columbia |
|
| Win | 5–0 | Augustin Estrada |
KO | 5 (8), 1:54 | 1977-11-05 | Caesars Palace, Las Vegas, Nevada |
|
| Win | 4–0 | Frank Santore |
KO | 5 (8), 2:55 | 1977-09-24 | Civic Center, Baltimore, Maryland |
|
| Win | 3–0 | Vinnie DeBarros |
TKO | 3 (6), 1:59 | 1977-06-10 | Civic Center, Hartford, Connecticut |
|
| Win | 2–0 | Willie Rodriguez |
UD | 6 | 1977-05-14 | Civic Center, Baltimore, Maryland |
|
| Win | 1–0 | Luis Vega |
UD | 6 | 1977-02-05 | Civic Center, Baltimore, Maryland |
|
Titles in boxing[link]
Major World Titles:
- WBC Welterweight Champion (147 lbs)
- (2) WBC Welterweight Champion (147 lbs)
- WBA Light Middleweight Champion (154 lbs)
- WBA Welterweight Champion (147 lbs)
- WBC Middleweight Champion (160 lbs)
- WBC Super Middleweight Champion (168 lbs)
- WBC Light Heavyweight Champion (175 lbs)
The Ring/Lineal Championship Titles:
- The Ring Welterweight Champion (147 lbs)
- (2) The Ring Welterweight Champion (147 lbs)
- The Ring Light Middleweight Champion (154 lbs)
- The Ring Middleweight Champion (160 lbs)
Regional/International Titles:
- NABF Welterweight Champion (147 lbs)
Media appearances[link]
Leonard has worked as a boxing analyst for ABC, CBS, NBC, ESPN, and HBO. His relationship with HBO lasted for more than a decade. It ended in 1990, after HBO was not offered an opportunity to bid on the telecast rights to Leonard's fight with Terry Norris. HBO believed it would be inappropriate for Leonard to continue with them if they couldn't bid on his fights. Leonard's attorney, Mike Trainer, said, "There never has been a linkage between his broadcasting and his fighting."[72]
Leonard has done commercial endorsements for numerous companies, including Coca-Cola, EA Sports, Ford, Nabisco, Revlon and 7 Up. His most famous commercial was a 7 Up ad he did with his son, Ray Jr., Roberto Durán and Durán's son Roberto Jr. in the early 1980s.[73][74]
Leonard is among the most sought-after motivational/inspirational speakers in the world today. His speech, entitled "Power" (Prepare, Overcome and Win Every Round), is consistently booked with major Fortune 500 companies throughout the United States and abroad.[75]
Leonard has also worked as an actor. He has appeared in numerous television shows, including Half & Half, L.A. Heat, Married With Children, Renegade and Tales From The Crypt. He has also appeared in several movies, including I Spy and most recently The Fighter, starring Christian Bale and Mark Wahlberg. This movie brought back memories of his fight with Dicky Eklund.
In 2001, Leonard launched Sugar Ray Leonard Boxing Inc., a boxing promotional company, and announced the company's strategic partnership with ESPN. Together, Leonard and ESPN would produce and promote "Sugar Ray Leonard and ESPN II Presents Friday Night Fights," which would air the first Friday of every month for twelve months.[76]
Leonard worked as adviser in 2011 robot boxing film Real Steel.
Leonard dissolved the company in 2004. He had a falling out with partner Bjorn Rebney, whom he called "a cancer in my company." He also started a new time-consuming project, the reality boxing show The Contender.
Speaking of his promotional company, Leonard said, "We did some great shows with evenly matched fights. I took great pride in it. But the TV show came about and made my decision a lot easier. I already had it in the back of my mind to dissolve the company. The working environment was not healthy."[77]
For four seasons, Leonard served as host and mentor to the aspiring fighters on The Contender. Sylvester Stallone, who co-hosted during the first season, was one of the executive producers, along with Mark Burnett. The first season of the television show rewarded the tournament champion $1,000,000 but this reward was reduced to $500,000 in the second season, then increased to $750,000. Some may speculate it was because Sugar Ray could not afford to keep handing out a million dollars.[78]
Leonard competed on season 12 of Dancing with the Stars, which premiered on Monday, March 21, 2011, on ABC. His partner was Anna Trebunskaya. He was voted off in Week 4 of the show.[79][80]
During his appearance on The Colbert Report in 2011, Leonard was defeated by host Stephen Colbert in a thumb wrestling contest.[81]
Personal life[link]
Family[link]
Leonard married his high school sweetheart, Juanita Wilkinson, in January 1980. Their six-year-old son, Ray Jr., served as the ring bearer.[82] In 1984, they had another son, Jarrel.[83]
They were divorced in 1990. During divorce proceedings, Juanita Leonard accused her husband of physically abusing her while under the influence of alcohol. She also said he was an occasional cocaine user.
After the Los Angeles Times broke the story, Leonard held a press conference and acknowledged that the accusations were true. He said he started using after he retired in 1982, following surgery to repair a detached retina. "I wanted more," Leonard said. "I wanted that arena. I didn't want anyone to tell me my career had to end."
"I decided to search for a substitute...I resorted to cocaine. I used when I felt bad, I used when I missed competing at that level," he said. "It was a crutch, something that enabled me to forget."
He said he quit using drugs in early 1986, when he woke up one morning and "what I saw in the mirror was scary."
"I can never erase the pain or the scars I have made through my stupidity, my selfishness," Leonard said. "All I can do is say I'm sorry, but that is not enough."[84]
In 2011, Sugar Ray revealed in an NPR broadcast that he had been free of alcohol since July 2006.
In 1989, Leonard was introduced to Bernadette Robi by Kenny G at a Luther Vandross concert. Robi is the daughter of Paul Robi, one of the original Platters and she is the ex-wife of Lynn Swann.
Leonard and Robi were married at Leonard's $8.7 million estate in Pacific Palisades, California in August 1993. At the wedding ceremony, the grounds were converted into a garden with 10,000 roses and blossoms of other flowers flown in from the Netherlands. They have two children, Camille and Daniel Ray.[85]
Leonard is also the godfather of Khloe Kardashian and has appeared on many episodes of Keeping Up With The Kardashians.
Charity work[link]
For many years, Leonard has been the International Chairman of the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation's Walk for a Cure and is actively involved in raising both awareness and funds.
Leonard testified before the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Government Affairs in 2009. The Senate hearing was titled "Type 1 Diabetes Research: Real Progress and Real Hope for a Cure." He testified about the burden of diabetes and the need for continued research funding to find a cure.[86]
Leonard and his wife, Bernadette, founded the Sugar Ray Leonard Foundation to support the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation and its annual Walk for a Cure. In 2009, the foundation expanded to support programs that help people rebuild their communities in ten cities across the United States. It supports accessible housing, healthcare services, and educational services and job training.[87]
Molestation[link]
In his autobiography: "The Big Fight: My Life in and out of the Ring," published in June 2011, Leonard reveals that as a young boxer he was the victim of sexual abuse from an Olympic trainer.[88]
See also[link]
- List of WBC World Champions
- The No Más Fight
- Sugar Ray Leonard vs. Thomas Hearns
- List of boxing triple champions
- List of boxing quadruple champions
- List of boxing quintuple champions
References[link]
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- ^ "''The New York Times'' February 26, 1997". Nytimes.com. 1997-02-26. http://www.nytimes.com/1997/02/26/sports/leonard-s-corner-keeps-game-plan-draped-in-secrecy.html. Retrieved 2011-11-04.
- ^ "''The New York Times'' February 27, 1997". Nytimes.com. 1997-02-27. http://www.nytimes.com/1997/02/27/sports/before-the-first-bell-rings-the-jabbing-begins.html?pagewanted=1. Retrieved 2011-11-04.
- ^ "''The Victoria Advocate'' January 15, 1997". News.google.com. 1997-01-15. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=X24KAAAAIBAJ&sjid=C0sDAAAAIBAJ&pg=2208,2433810&dq=ray+leonard+international+boxing+hall+of+fame&hl=en. Retrieved 2011-11-04.
- ^ "''The Southern Missourian'' March 3, 1997". News.google.com. 1997-03-03. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=-LwvAAAAIBAJ&sjid=eN0FAAAAIBAJ&pg=4310,9033500&dq=ray+leonard+hector+camacho&hl=en. Retrieved 2011-11-04.
- ^ "''New Straits Times'' March 8, 1997". News.google.com. 1997-03-08. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=4GYWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=MhUEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4776,653704&dq=ray+leonard+hector+camacho+leg+injury&hl=en. Retrieved 2011-11-04.
- ^ "''The Idaho Spokesman-Review'' January 12, 1998". News.google.com. 1998-01-12. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=FKspAAAAIBAJ&sjid=AvIDAAAAIBAJ&pg=2437,2540856&dq=sugar+ray+leonard+tony+menefee&hl=en. Retrieved 2011-11-04.
- ^ "Sugar Ray Leonard - Boxer". Boxrec.com. http://boxrec.com/list_bouts.php?human_id=000269&cat=boxer. Retrieved 2011-11-04.
- ^ "''Daily Press'' October 16, 1990". Pqasb.pqarchiver.com. 1990-10-16. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/dailypress/access/88522553.html?dids=88522553:88522553&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct+16%2C+1990&author=From+staff%2C+wire+reports&pub=Daily+Press&desc=SIDELINES%3A+MIFFED+HBO+KO%27S+SUGAR+RAY+OVER+FIGHT+TELECAST+RIGHTS&pqatl=google. Retrieved 2011-11-04.
- ^ "''The Cavalier Daily'' April 30, 1982". News.google.com. 1982-04-30. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Au0cAAAAIBAJ&sjid=LH8EAAAAIBAJ&pg=6410,6001894&dq=sugar+ray+leonard+son+7+up&hl=en. Retrieved 2011-11-04.
- ^ Sugar Ray Leonard 7 Up commercial on YouTube
- ^ "Sugar Ray Leonard Biography about.com". Realitytv.about.com. 2011-05-26. http://realitytv.about.com/od/thecontender/a/sugarraybio_2.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-04.
- ^ "Sugar Ray Leonard Back in the Ring with ESPN Friday Night Fights". Findarticles.com. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2001_June_20/ai_75671005/. Retrieved 2011-11-04.
- ^ Rafael, Dan (2004-10-19). "''USA Today'' October 19, 2004". Usatoday.com. http://www.usatoday.com/sports/boxing/2004-10-19-leonard-business_x.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-04.
- ^ The Contender at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ "People: Sugar Ray departs ‘Dancing With the Stars’ | Dallas-Fort Worth Celebrity News - Entertainment News for Dallas, Texas - The Dallas Morning News". Dallasnews.com. 2011-04-12. http://www.dallasnews.com/entertainment/celebrity-news/headlines/20110412-people-sugar-ray-departs-dancing-with-the-stars.ece. Retrieved 2011-11-04.
- ^ "'I put up a good fight': Sugar Ray Leonard is voted off Dancing With The Stars | Mail Online". Dailymail.co.uk. 2011-04-13. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-1376359/I-good-fight-Sugar-Ray-Leonard-voted-Dancing-With-The-Stars.html?ito=feeds-newsxml. Retrieved 2011-11-04.
- ^ "November 03, 2011 - Nathan Wolfe - The Colbert Report - Full Episode Video | Comedy Central". Colbertnation.com. 2011-10-31. http://www.colbertnation.com/full-episodes/tue-june-7-2011-sugar-ray-leonard. Retrieved 2011-11-04.
- ^ "''The Spokesman-Review'' January 21, 1980". News.google.com. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=DsspAAAAIBAJ&sjid=3u4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=2968,2889272&dq=sugar+ray+leonard+juanita+wilkinson&hl=en. Retrieved 2011-11-04.
- ^ "''Anchorage Daily News'' June 15, 1984". News.google.com. 1984-06-15. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=adAyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=fKcEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2883,8111774&dq=sugar+ray+leonard+juanita+jarrel&hl=en. Retrieved 2011-11-04.
- ^ "''Daily News'' March 31, 1991". News.google.com. 1991-03-31. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=2hAbAAAAIBAJ&sjid=FEgEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6730,6962641&dq=sugar+ray+leonard+juanita+divorce&hl=en. Retrieved 2011-11-04.
- ^ "Duran wanted "no mas" of Leonard". Espn.go.com. 2003-11-19. http://espn.go.com/classic/s/add_leonard_sugar_ray.html. Retrieved 2011-11-04.
- ^ "Sugar Ray Leonard's Testimony before the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Government Affairs". Jdrf.org. http://www.jdrf.org/index.cfm?page_id=112127. Retrieved 2011-11-04.
- ^ Sugar Ray Leonard Foundation
- ^ In Book, Sugar Ray Leonard Says Coach Sexually Abused Him
External links[link]
| Find more about Sugar Ray Leonard on Wikipedia's sister projects: | |
 |
Images and media from Commons |
 |
Quotations from Wikiquote |
- The Super Fight: Hagler vs Leonard
- Official Site
- The Sugar Ray Leonard Foundation
- Professional boxing record for Sugar Ray Leonard from BoxRec
- Ray Leonard's Amateur Boxing Record
- Sugar Ray Leonard's U.S. Olympic Team Bio
| Awards | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Muhammad Ali |
The Ring Fighter of the Year 1979 |
Succeeded by Thomas Hearns |
| Preceded by Thomas Hearns |
The Ring Fighter of the Year Shared award with Salvador Sánchez 1981 |
Succeeded by Larry Holmes |
| Preceded by U.S. Olympic Hockey Team |
Sports Illustrated Sportsman of the Year 1981 |
Succeeded by Wayne Gretzky |
| Preceded by U.S. Olympic Hockey Team |
Wide World of Sports Athlete of the Year 1981 |
Succeeded by Wayne Gretzky |
| Preceded by Inaugural Award |
Mark Grossinger Etess Award for "Boxer of the Decade" 1980-1989 |
Succeeded by None |
| Preceded by Muhammad Ali and Joe Frazier |
BWAA Fighter of the Year 1976 shared award with Leo Randolph, Howard Davis, Jr., Leon Spinks and Michael Spinks |
Succeeded by Ken Norton |
| Preceded by Larry Holmes |
BWAA Fighter of the Year 1979 |
Succeeded by Thomas Hearns |
| Preceded by Thomas Hearns |
BWAA Fighter of the Year 1981 |
Succeeded by Aaron Pryor |
| Achievements | ||
| Preceded by Wilfred Benítez |
WBC Welterweight Champion 30 November 1979 – 20 June 1980 |
Succeeded by Roberto Durán |
| The Ring Welterweight Champion 30 November 1979 – 20 June 1980 |
||
| Preceded by Roberto Durán |
WBC Welterweight Champion 25 November 1980 – 9 November 1982 Retires |
Vacant
Title next held by
Milton McCrory |
| The Ring Welterweight Champion 25 November 1980 – 9 November 1982 Retires |
Vacant
Title next held by
Donald Curry |
|
| Preceded by Ayub Kalule |
WBA Light Middleweight Champion 25 June 1981–1981 Vacates |
Vacant
Title next held by
Tadashi Mihara |
| The Ring Light Middleweight Champion 25 June 1981 – 25 June 1982 Retires |
Vacant
Title next held by
Thomas Hearns |
|
| Preceded by Thomas Hearns |
WBA Welterweight Champion 16 September 1981 – 9 November 1982 Retires |
Vacant
Title next held by
Donald Curry |
| Vacant
Title last held by
José Nápoles |
Undisputed Welterweight Champion 16 September 1981 – 9 November 1982 Retires |
Vacant
Title next held by
Donald Curry |
| Preceded by Marvin Hagler |
WBC Middleweight Champion 6 April 1987 – 27 May 1987 Retires |
Vacant
Title next held by
Thomas Hearns |
| The Ring Middleweight Champion 6 April 1987 – 11 November 1988 Retires |
Vacant
Title next held by
Sumbu Kalambay |
|
| Preceded by Donny Lalonde |
WBC Light Heavyweight Champion 7 November 1988 – 21 February 1989 Retires |
Vacant
Title next held by
Dennis Andries |
| Inaugural Champion | WBC Super Middleweight Champion 7 November 1988 – 15 December 1990 Retires |
Vacant
Title next held by
Mauro Galvano |
|
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|
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|
|
|||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Leonard, Sugar Ray |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | American boxer |
| Date of birth | May 17, 1956 |
| Place of birth | Wilmington, North Carolina, United States |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Sugar_Ray_Leonard
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar_Ray_Leonard
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
- This article is about the band Sugar Ray. For the boxers, see Sugar Ray Leonard or Sugar Ray Robinson or Sugar Ray Seales.
| Sugar Ray | |
|---|---|
 Current photo from Sugar Ray's Facebook Fan Page |
|
| Background information | |
| Origin | Newport Beach, California, United States |
| Genres | Alternative rock, pop rock, alternative metal |
| Years active | 1988–present |
| Labels | Atlantic (1995–2006) Pulse Recordings (2008–present) |
| Website | www.sugarray.com |
| Members | |
| Mark McGrath Rodney Sheppard Justin Bivona Jesse Bivona Al Keith |
|
| Past members | |
| Murphy Karges Stan Frazier Craig "DJ Homicide" Bullock |
|
Sugar Ray is a band from Orange County, California. The band, starting off more as an alternative metal band, first gained fame in 1997 with their release of the song "Fly". This song's success, coupled with its pop rock sound that was quite different from the rest of their material at the time, led the band into changing into a mainstream, pop music style. Subsequent albums shared this similar style, and the band landed a number of hits with "Every Morning", "Someday", and "When It's Over".
Contents |
History[link]
[edit] Formation and Lemonade and Brownies (1988–1996)
Prior to Sugar Ray, in the late 1980s, Rodney Sheppard and Stan Frazier had been together in a band under the name The Tories. Later additions Murphy Karges and Mark McGrath changed the band's name to "Shrinky Dinx". After signing with Atlantic Records, the name was changed to Sugar Ray upon threat of lawsuit from the Milton Bradley Company, maker of the Shrinky Dinks toy.[citation needed]
The band's debut album, Lemonade and Brownies, was released in 1995 and though it failed to produce a major hit single it did earn them recognition in alternative circles. Their early work was strongly influenced by funk metal, hip-hop, punk, and alternative rock.[1] This first album leaned on experimenting with those many influences, combining genres.
After they gained fame with the 1997 album Floored in 1998, the single "Speed Home California" and "Mean Machine" off Lemonade and Brownies was featured in the PlayStation game Road Rash 3D, and its Nintendo 64 counterpart Road Rash 64, respectively.
[edit] Floored (1997–1998)
Sugar Ray's first mainstream hit came in the summer of 1997 with their song "Fly", which was released on the album Floored and featured reggae artist Super Cat. "Fly" was notable for not sounding anything at all like the rest of the tracks on the album and received frequent radio play, resulting in a number one rank on the Billboard's Hot 100 List. As a result of the success of "Fly", Floored sold well and was certified double platinum. However, by the end of 1997, critics were skeptical that Sugar Ray could put out another successful song and labeled them a one-hit wonder.[1] The same year, Sugar Ray was featured in the movie Father's Day, starring Billy Crystal and Robin Williams. Floored featured a strong nu metal influence and was their last "heavy" album before they moved into a more adult contemporary direction.
[edit] 14:59 (1999–2000)
Their 1999 album 14:59 was the reply to these accusations, with the title implying that their 15 minutes of fame were not quite up — their "fame clock" reading 14:59.[2] "Every Morning", which received widespread comparisons to "Fly", rose to similar success during the spring of 1999, reaching No. 3 in the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart. Their follow-up single "Someday" received extensive airplay later that year as well and reached No. 7 in the U.S. 14:59 outsold its predecessor and was certified triple platinum. Another Billboard hit, "Falls Apart", gained popularity as well.
[edit] Sugar Ray (2001–2002)
In 2000, Sugar Ray did a cover version of John Cale and Brian Eno's "Spinning Away" for the soundtrack to "The Beach". Their 2001 self-titled album Sugar Ray produced another hit with "When It's Over", although it failed to reach the same level of success as their previous singles, still reaching No. 13 in the U.S. Other singles such as "Answer the Phone" and "Under the Sun" gained some popularity as well, despite the inefficiency of a billboard spot.
[edit] In the Pursuit of Leisure (2003–2005)
Sugar Ray's 2003 effort In the Pursuit of Leisure, and the first single from that album, "Mr. Bartender (It's So Easy)", received a lukewarm reception.[citation needed] The album also contained the band's cover of Joe Jackson's famous "Is She Really Going Out With Him?". In 2005, Sugar Ray released a greatest hits album, with three new songs, "Shot of Laughter", "Time After Time", and "Psychedelic Bee".
[edit] Music for Cougars (2006–present)
After releasing their Greatest Hits album, in 2005, the band went into a period of relative inactivity for a number of years, with Mark McGrath starting a new job as an anchor on the television show Extra. In January 2006, Sugar Ray was released from their recording contract with Atlantic Records. An exception to this was during mid 2007, with their inclusion of the previously unreleased song "Into Yesterday" on the Surf's Up movie soundtrack, and a brief tour in Asia in August 2007 where they headlined SingFest, Singapore's first international music festival.
Sugar Ray appeared on the May 18, 2008, season 3 finale of American Dad, titled "Spring Break-Up", as themselves, playing "Fly" at a Spring Break party. They also starred in the first live-action Scooby-Doo movie as themselves performing the song "Words to Me".
An announcement came the next day, on May 19, 2008, that the band would be entering the studio to record their first album of new material since 2003. It was also announced that the band signed a new record deal with Pulse Recordings and that the new album should be released in the summer of 2009.[3]
On March 6, 2009, Mark McGrath posted an update on Facebook announcing that a new album, titled Music for Cougars, was on the way. It was released on July 21, 2009. The first single was "Boardwalk".[4]
On August 22, 2010, Sugar Ray's Twitter page announced that Craig "DJ Homicide" Bullock has left the band.[5]
Sugar Ray released on their blog a song called "Down With Whatever" that was previously unreleased.[citation needed] Also on their blog, they make mention of new music before planning another tour.[citation needed]
As of April 2012, Murphy Karges and Stan Frazier are no longer in Sugar Ray, and have been replaced by bassist Justin Bivona and drummer Jesse Bivona, respectively. Al Keith has also joined as percussionist, making Sugar Ray a 5-piece band once again.
Band members[link]
- Current members
- Mark McGrath – lead vocals, guitar (1992–present)
- Rodney Sheppard – lead guitar, backing vocals (1988–present)
- Justin Bivona – bass guitar, backing vocals (2012–present)
- Jesse Bivona – drums, backing vocals (2012–present)
- Al Keith – percussion, vibes (2012–present)
- Former members
- Murphy Karges – bass guitar, backing vocals (1990–2012)
- Stan Frazier – drums, percussion, guitar, backing vocals (1988–2012)
- Craig "DJ Homicide" Bullock – turntables, programming, scratches, keyboards, backing vocals (1997–2010)
- Session musicians
- David Kahne – keyboards, programming on Floored (1997); 14:59 (1999); Sugar Ray (2001); In the Pursuit of Leisure (2003)
- Super Cat – vocals on "Fly" from Floored (1997)
- KRS-One – vocals on "Live & Direct" from 14:59 (1999)
- Nick Hexum – vocals on "Stay On" from Sugar Ray (2001)
- Esthero – vocals on "Heaven" from In the Pursuit of Leisure (2003)
- ProHoeZak – vocals on "Mr. Bartender (It's So Easy)" from In the Pursuit of Leisure (2003)
- Shaggy – vocals on "56 Hope Road" from In the Pursuit of Leisure (2003)
- Collie Buddz – vocals on "Girls Were Made to Love" from Music for Cougars (2009)
- Rivers Cuomo – vocals on "Love Is the Answer" from Music for Cougars (2009)
- Donavon Frankenreiter – vocals on "Dance Like No One's Watchin'" from Music for Cougars (2009)
Discography[link]
Main article: Sugar Ray discography
- Studio albums
- Lemonade and Brownies (1995)
- Floored (1997)
- 14:59 (1999)
- Sugar Ray (2001)
- In the Pursuit of Leisure (2003)
- Music for Cougars (2009)
References[link]
- ^ a b Huey, Steve (2002). "Sugar Ray - Biography". allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/p294514. Retrieved 2009-01-18.
- ^ "Sugar Ray Coasts Low-Riding Groove For "Every Morning"". MTV News. 1999-01-26. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1434704/19990126/sugar_ray.jhtml. Retrieved 2009-01-18.
- ^ Karges, Murphy (2008-12-10). "November/December Update". Sugar Ray Blog. Wordpress. http://sugarray.wordpress.com/2008/12/10/novemberdecember-update/. Retrieved 2009-01-18.
- ^ billboard.com
- ^ "Twitter / Sugar Ray: On behalf of SR family, we". Twitter.com. 2010-08-22. https://twitter.com/sugarrayband/status/21814199959. Retrieved 2012-04-26.
External links[link]
|
|||||||||||||||||
http://wn.com/Sugar_Ray
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Sugar Ray
http://fr.wn.com/Sugar Ray
http://pt.wn.com/Sugar Ray
http://de.wn.com/Sugar Ray
http://it.wn.com/Sugar Ray
http://es.wn.com/Sugar Ray
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar_Ray
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Marvelous Marvin Hagler | |
|---|---|
| File:Hagler-marvin-11.jpg | |
| Statistics | |
| Rated at | Middleweight |
| Height | 5 ft 9 1⁄2 in (1.77 m) |
| Reach | 75 in (191 cm) |
| Nationality | American |
| Born | (1954-05-23) May 23, 1954 (age 58) Newark, New Jersey, USA |
| Stance | Ambidextrous |
| Boxing record | |
| Total fights | 67 |
| Wins | 62 |
| Wins by KO | 52 |
| Losses | 3 |
| Draws | 2 |
| No contests | 0 |
Marvelous Marvin Hagler (born Marvin Nathaniel Hagler in Newark, New Jersey, May 23, 1954)[1] is a retired American professional boxer who was Undisputed World Middleweight Champion from 1980 to 1987. Hagler made twelve undisputed title defenses and holds the highest KO% of all middleweight champions at 78%. At six years and seven months, his reign as undisputed middleweight champion is the second longest of the last century, behind only Tony Zale (although Zale was inactive for 4 years due to World War II). In 1982, annoyed that network announcers often did not refer to him by his nickname, "Marvelous," Hagler legally changed his name to Marvelous Marvin Hagler."[2]
Hagler is an inductee of the International Boxing Hall of Fame and the World Boxing Hall of Fame. He was named Fighter of the Decade (1980s) by Boxing Illustrated and twice named Fighter of the Year by Ring Magazine and the Boxing Writers Association of America. In 2001 and 2004 the Ring named him the 4th greatest middleweight of all time[3] and in 2002 named him the 17th-greatest fighter of the past 80 years. The International Boxing Research Organisation (IBRO) rates Hagler as the sixth-greatest middleweight of all time.[4] Boxrec rates Hagler the fifth-best middleweight of all time.[5] Many analysts and boxing writers consider Hagler to have one of the best "chins" in boxing history.[6]
Contents |
Early life and amateur career[link]
Hagler was raised by his mother in Newark, New Jersey's Central Ward. During the summer of 1967, the Newark Riots occurred July 12–17. Twenty-six people were killed and $11 million in property damage was caused by the disorder, which included the destruction of the Hagler family's tenement. Following the riots, the Haglers moved to Brockton, Massachusetts where Hagler soon began boxing training at the Petronelli brothers' gym in 1969. In 1973, Hagler became the National AAU 165-pound champion after defeating Atlanta's Terry Dobbs.
Professional career[link]
Early career[link]
Hagler was a # 1 ranked middleweight boxer for many years before he could fight for the title. Hagler struggled to find high profile opponents willing to face him in his early years. Joe Frazier told Hagler, 'You have three strikes against you, "You're black, you're a southpaw, and you're good.'[7] He often had to travel to his opponents' hometowns to get fights. His first break came when he was offered --on 2 weeks' notice-- a chance against Willie 'the Worm' Monroe, who was being trained by Joe Frazier. Hagler lost the decision but the fight was close enough that Monroe gave him a rematch. This time Hagler knocked out Monroe in 12 rounds. In a third fight, he stopped Monroe in 2. Boston promoter Rip Valenti took an interest in Hagler and began bringing in top ranked opponents for Marvin to face. He fought 1972 Olympics gold medalist Sugar Ray Seales; Hagler won the first time, the second was a draw and Hagler knocked out Seales in the third fight. Number 1 ranked Mike Colbert was knocked out in the twelfth and also had his jaw broken by Hagler. Briton Kevin Finnegan was stopped in 8. Afterwards Finnegan required 40 stitches in his face.[8] He dropped a controversial decision to Bobby 'Boogaloo' Watts, but knocked out Watts in 2 rounds in a rematch. Hagler won a ten-round decision over 'Bad' Bennie Briscoe. By then, promoter Bob Arum took notice and signed him.
First title shot[link]
In November 1979, Hagler fought World Middleweight Champion Vito Antuofermo at Caesar's Palace in Las Vegas, Nevada. After fifteen rounds, most thought that Hagler had won. Referee Mills Lane directed Hagler to turn and face the television cameras. "Congratulations," he said. "Now stay facing this way until they announce the decision and I raise your arm." Hagler and many others were surprised when the decision was announced as a draw and Antuofermo retained his title. This only added to Hagler's frustrations.[9]
World Champion[link]
Antuofermo lost his title later to Alan Minter, who gave Hagler his second title shot. Hagler went to Wembley Arena to face Minter. The tense atmosphere was stoked further when Minter was quoted as saying that "No black man is going to take my title"[10] -- Minter would later insist he meant "that black man".[11] Hagler took command and his slashing punches soon opened up the cut prone Minter. The referee halted the contest after 3 rounds. After 7 years and 50 fights, Hagler was now World Middleweight Champion. At the conclusion of this bout a riot broke out and Hagler and his trainers had to be carried away to their locker rooms by the police, in the middle of a rain of beer bottles and glasses.
Hagler proved a busy world champion. He defeated future world champion Fulgencio Obelmejias of Venezuela by a knockout in eight rounds and then former world champ Antuofermo in a rematch by TKO in four rounds. Both matches were fought at the Boston Garden near Hagler's hometown, endearing him to Boston fight fans. Syrian born Mustafa Hamsho, who won his shot in an eliminator with Wilfredo Benitez and would later defeat future world champion Bobby Czyz, became Hagler's next challenger, put up a lot of resistance but was finally beaten in 11 tough rounds. Michigan fighter William "Caveman" Lee lasted only one round, and in a rematch in Italy, Obelmejias lasted five rounds. British Champion (and mutual Alan Minter conqueror) Tony Sibson followed in Hagler's ever-growing list of unsuccessful challengers. Sibson provided one of the most entertaining (to this point) fights of Marvelous Marvin's career, but he ultimately fell short, lasting six rounds. Next, came Wilford Scypion, who only lasted four. By then, Hagler was a staple on HBO, the Pay Per View of its time.
Marvin Hagler vs Roberto Durán[link]
A fight against Roberto Durán followed. Durán was the first challenger to last the distance with Hagler in a world-championship bout. Durán was the WBA Light Middleweight Champion and went up in weight to challenge for Hagler's middleweight crown. Hagler won a unanimous 15-round decision, although after 12 rounds two of the judges had Durán ahead in a tough contest. Hagler fought tenaciously over the final three rounds to earn a unanimous decision.
More defenses[link]
Then came Juan Roldán of Argentina, who became the only man to be credited with a knockdown of Hagler, scoring one knockdown seconds into the fight. Hagler protested bitterly that he had been pulled/pushed to the canvas and HBO replay clearly showed that he had indeed been pulled down. Hagler took his revenge though, brutalizing Roldan over ten rounds and stopping him in the middle of round ten. Sugar Ray Leonard was calling the fight ringside with HBO analyst Barry Tompkins. He noted to Tompkins between rounds that Hagler looked older and slower. "Marvin might finally be slowing down, Barry" Leonard remarked. Many people believe this is the fight that gave Sugar Ray Leonard the idea that he could actually win a fight with the aging Hagler. Hamsho was given a rematch, but the Syrian was again TKO'd, this time in only three rounds. Hamsho angered Hagler with a trio of intentional headbutts in the second round and a fourth early in the third, goading the normally patient and cautious Hagler into a full-out attack that left Hamsho battered and defensless in a matter of seconds.
The War[link]
On April 15, 1985, Hagler and Thomas Hearns met in what was billed as The Fight; later it would become known as "The War." Hagler, despite a cut to the head and being covered in blood, managed to overpower Hearns in the third round after a glancing right hand followed by two more rights and a left, scoring a decisive knockout. The first round of Hagler v Hearns is one of the best three minutes in boxing in middleweight history as the two fighters stood toe-to-toe trading blows. Rounds two and three cannot live up to the first, as Hearns broke his hand in the first round, but are still very competitive. The fight only lasted eight minutes but it is rightly regarded as a classic and is considered to this day to be Hagler's greatest achievement.
Hagler vs Mugabi[link]
Next was Olympic silver medalist John Mugabi of Uganda, who was 26-0 with 26 knockouts and was ranked the number one contender by all three major bodies. The fight was fought on March 10, 1986 as Hagler had hurt his back and could not fight on the first date booked in 1985. Hagler stopped Mugabi in the 11th round of a brutal fight. Many ringside observers, including analyst Gil Clancy, noticed that Hagler was showing signs of advanced ring wear and age. He was much slower of hand and foot and seemed much easier to hit. He had also completely morphed his ring style from a slick, quick-fisted, boxer/puncher to a strictly flat-footed, stalking, slugger to compensate for his loss of speed and reflexes. Hagler was now said to be seriously considering retirement.[12] Hagler's promoter Bob Arum was quoted as saying he was expecting Hagler to retire in the face of being challenged by Sugar Ray Leonard.
Marvin Hagler vs Sugar Ray Leonard[link]
The Fight[link]
Hagler's next challenger was Sugar Ray Leonard, who was returning to the ring after a three-year retirement. During the pre-fight negotiations, in return for granting Hagler a larger share of the purse Leonard obtained several conditions which would be crucial to his strategy; a large ring (24x24ft), 12oz gloves and the fight was to be over 12 - not 15 - rounds. Leonard was 2 years younger, had half as many fights, and unbeknown to Hagler had engaged in several 'real' fights behind closed doors (i.e. gloves, rounds, a referee, judges and no head gear) in order to shake off his ring rust. The fight took place at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas on April 6, 1987. Hagler was the betting favorite.
Hagler, a natural southpaw, opened the fight boxing out of an orthodox stance. After the quick and slick Leonard won the first two rounds on all three scorecards, Hagler started the third round as a southpaw. Hagler did better, though Leonard's superior speed and boxing skill kept him in the fight. But by the fifth, Leonard, who was moving a lot, began to tire and Hagler started to get closer. As he tired Leonard began to clinch with more frequency (in total referee Richard Steele gave him over 30 warnings for holding, although never deducted a point). Hagler buckled Leonard's knees with a right uppercut near the end of the round, which finished with Leonard on the ropes. Hagler continued to score effectively in round six. Leonard, having slowed down, was obliged to fight more and run less. In rounds seven and eight, Hagler's southpaw jab was landing solidly and Leonard's counter flurries were less frequent. Round nine was the most exciting round of the fight. Hagler hurt Leonard with a left cross and pinned him in a corner. Leonard was in trouble, then furiously tried to fight his way out of the corner. The action see-sawed back and forth for the rest of the round, with each man having his moments. Round ten was tame by comparison, as the pace slowed after the furious action of the previous round. Clearly tiring, Leonard boxed well in the eleventh. Every time Hagler scored, Leonard came back with something flashier, if not as effective. In the final round, Hagler continued to chase Leonard. He hit Leonard with a big left hand and backed him into a corner. Leonard responded with a flurry and danced away with Hagler in pursuit. The fight ended with Hagler and Leonard exchanging along the ropes. Hagler began dancing in celebration of his performance while Leonard alternately collapsed to the canvas and raised both his arms in triumph.[13] Leonard threw 629 punches and landed 306, while Hagler threw 792 and landed 291.[14]
Leonard was announced as winner by split decision, which remains hotly disputed to this day.
Reaction[link]
Official ringside judge JoJo Guerra, whose 118-110 scorecard was derided in many quarters, commented that:
| “ | Leonard outpunched Hagler, outsmarted him, outboxed him. He looked just great. Sugar Ray Leonard was making him miss a lot, and then counterpunching him. Sugar Ray Leonard was beating him to the punch. They should call him Marvellous Sugar Ray Leonard. Boxing is the art of self-defense, and Sugar Ray was in command at all times. He was very fast and he was very clever. He made Marvin Hagler come to him. He dictated the fight.[15][16] | ” |
Judge Dave Moretti, who scored it 115-113 for Leonard:
| “ | Obviously, Hagler was the aggressor, but he was not the effective aggressor. You can't chase and get hit and chase and get hit, and get credit for it. Besides, the hardest punching was by Leonard.[17] | ” |
Lou Filippo, who scored it 115-113 for Hagler and felt that Hagler's bodyshots and aggression earned him the nod, said:
| “ | Hagler was doing all the work. The referee, Richard Steele, warned Leonard at least once every round about holding. Leonard fought in spurts. Leonard would run in and grab and hold. He did what he had to do. But I can't see a guy holding that much and getting points for it.[17] | ” |
Hugh McIlvanney, commenting in the British Sunday Times and Sports Illustrated:
| “ | What Ray Leonard pulled off in his split decision over Hagler was an epic illusion. He had said beforehand that the way to beat Hagler was to give him a distorted picture. But this shrewdest of fighters knew it was even more important to distort the picture for the judges. His plan was to "steal" rounds with a few flashy and carefully timed flurries and to make the rest of each three-minute session as unproductive as possible for Hagler by circling briskly away from the latter's persistent pursuit. When he made his sporadic attacking flourishes, he was happy to exaggerate hand speed at the expense of power, and neither he nor two of the scorers seemed bothered by the fact that many of the punches landed on the champion's gloves and arms.[18][19] | ” |
McIlvanny also referred to Budd Schulberg's contention about a 'compound optical illusion', namely that simply being more competitive than expected meant that Leonard appeared more effective and to be doing more than he actually was.[19] Harry Gibbs, the British judge who ironically had been rejected by the Hagler camp, said he also scored it for Hagler.
Jim Murray, long-time sports columnist for the Los Angeles Times felt that Leonard deservedly got the decision, arguing that Leonard landed more punches and showed better defense and ring generalship, and writing:
| “ | It wasn't even close...He didn't just outpoint Hagler, he exposed him. He made him look like a guy chasing a bus. In snowshoes. Leonard repeatedly beat Hagler to the punch. When he did, he hit harder. He hit more often. He made Hagler into what he perceived him to be throughout his career - a brawler, a swarmer, a man who could club you to death only if you stood there and let him. If you moved, he was lost.[20] | ” |
The scorecards from the ringside press attest to the closeness of the fight (6-5, 3 drawn) more pundits awarded the fight to Leonard rather than to Hagler, although counting those who scored it even, more felt Hagler deserved to keep his title than didn't:
|
|
Rematch[link]
Hagler requested a rematch but Leonard chose to retire again (the third of five high profile retirements announced by Leonard), having said he would do so beforehand.[21] Leonard vacated his middleweight champions title at his immediate post-fight press conference.[22][22][23][23] Hagler himself retired from boxing in June 1988, declaring that he was "tired of waiting" for Leonard to grant him a rematch.[24] In 1990 Leonard finally offered him a rematch which reportedly would have earned him $15m, but he declined. By then he had settled down to a new life as an actor in Italy and was now uninterested in boxing.[25][26] He said "A while ago, yeah, I wanted him so bad, but I'm over that.[25]
Training style[link]
Hagler had a unique training regimen in which he would hole up on Cape Cod in motels that had closed for the winter. For his "road work" he would take to the pavement in army boots, declaring running shoes "sissy shoes." He would run much of his route backwards to prepare for movements in the boxing ring.
Awards and recognition[link]
- Named Fighter of the Decade (1980s) by Boxing Illustrated
- Named Boxing Writers Association of America Fighter of the Year for 1983 and 1985.
- Named Ring Magazine Fighter of the Year for 1983 and 1985.
- Inducted into both the International Boxing Hall of Fame and the World Boxing Hall of Fame in 1993.
Career after boxing[link]
After the loss to Leonard, Hagler moved to Italy, where he became a well-known star of action films. His roles include a US Marine in the films Indio and Indio 2. Other notable films starring Hagler include Brutal Bonanza, Geno's Plan and Lethal Lunch Date. In 1995, he starred alongside Giselle Blondet in the low-budget thriller Black Market Wedding. Hagler does boxing commentary for British television. Another foray into the entertainment field includes work in the video game Fight Night: Round 3.
Former middleweight southpaw boxer Robbie Sims is Hagler's half brother. Hagler has five children with his first wife, Bertha, including Charelle, Celeste, James, Marvin, Jr., and Gentry.[27] Although he owns a home in Bartlett, New Hampshire, Hagler currently lives in Milan.[28] In May 2000, he married his second wife Kay, an Italian woman, in Pioltello, Italy.[29]
Professional boxing record[link]
| 62 Wins (52 knockouts, 9 decisions, 1 disqualification), 3 Losses, 2 Draws[30] | |||||||
| Res. | Record | Opponent | Type | Rd., Time | Date | Location | Notes |
| Loss | 62-3-2 | Sugar Ray Leonard |
SD | 12 | 1987-04-06 | Caesars Palace, Las Vegas, Nevada |
Lost WBC & The Ring Middleweight titles. The Ring magazine's "Fight of the Year" (1987) |
| Win | 62-2-2 | John Mugabi |
KO | 11 (12), 1:29 | 1986-03-10 | Caesars Palace, Las Vegas, Nevada |
Retained WBC, WBA, IBF & The Ring Middleweight titles. |
| Win | 61-2-2 | Thomas Hearns |
TKO | 3 (12), 1:52 | 1985-04-15 | Caesars Palace, Las Vegas, Nevada |
Retained WBC, WBA, IBF & The Ring Middleweight titles. The Ring magazine's "Fight of the Year" (1985) |
| Win | 60-2-2 |  Mustafa Hamsho |
TKO | 3 (15), 2:31 | 1984-10-19 | Madison Square Garden, New York, New York |
Retained WBC, WBA, IBF & The Ring Middleweight titles. |
| Win | 59-2-2 | Juan Roldán |
TKO | 10 (12), 0:39 | 1984-03-30 | The Riviera Hotel & Casino, Las Vegas, Nevada |
Retained WBC, WBA, IBF & The Ring Middleweight titles. |
| Win | 58-2-2 | Roberto Durán |
UD | 15 | 1983-11-10 | Caesars Palace, Las Vegas, Nevada |
Retained WBC, WBA, IBF & The Ring Middleweight titles. |
| Win | 57-2-2 | Wilford Scypion |
KO | 4 (15), 2:47 | 1983-05-27 | Providence Civic Center, Providence, Rhode Island |
Retained The Ring & won vacant IBF Middleweight titles. |
| Win | 56-2-2 | Tony Sibson |
TKO | 6 (15), 2:40 | 1983-02-11 | Centrum, Worcester, Massachusetts |
Retained WBC, WBA & The Ring Middleweight titles. |
| Win | 55-2-2 |  Fulgencio Obelmejias |
TKO | 5 (15), 2:35 | 1982-10-30 |  Teatro Ariston, San Remo, Liguria |
Retained WBC, WBA & The Ring Middleweight titles. |
| Win | 54-2-2 | William Lee |
TKO | 1 (15), 1:07 | 1982-03-07 | Bally's Casino, Atlantic City, New Jersey |
Retained WBC, WBA & The Ring Middleweight titles. |
| Win | 54-2-2 | Mustafa Hamsho |
TKO | 11 (15), 2:09 | 1981-10-03 | Rosemont Horizon, Rosemont, Illinois |
Retained WBC, WBA & The Ring Middleweight titles. |
| Win | 53-2-2 | Vito Antuofermo |
RTD | 4 (15) | 1981-06-13 | Boston Garden, Boston, Massachusetts |
Retained WBC, WBA & The Ring Middleweight titles. |
| Win | 52-2-2 | Fulgencio Obelmejias |
TKO | 8 (15), 0:20 | 1981-01-17 | Boston Garden, Boston, Massachusetts |
Retained WBC, WBA & The Ring Middleweight titles. |
| Win | 51-2-2 | Alan Minter |
TKO | 3 (15), 1:45 | 1980-09-27 | Wembley Arena, Wembley, London |
Won WBC, WBA & The Ring Middleweight titles. |
| Win | 50-2-2 | Marcos Geraldo |
UD | 10 | 1980-05-17 | Caesars Palace, Las Vegas, Nevada |
|
| Win | 49-2-2 | Bobby Watts |
TKO | 2 (10) | 1980-04-19 | Cumberland County Civic Center, Portland, Maine |
|
| Win | 48-2-2 |  Loucif Hamani |
KO | 2 (10), 1:42 | 1980-02-16 | Cumberland County Civic Center, Portland, Maine |
|
| Draw | 47-2-2 | Vito Antuofermo |
PTS | 15 | 1979-11-30 | Caesars Palace, Las Vegas, Nevada |
For WBC, WBA & The Ring Middleweight titles. |
| Win | 46-2-1 | Norberto Rufino Cabrera |
RTD | 8 (10) | 1979-06-30 |  Esplanade de Fontvieille, Monte Carlo |
|
| Win | 45-2-1 | Jamie Thomas |
TKO | 3 (10) | 1979-05-26 | Cumberland County Civic Center, Portland, Maine |
|
| Win | 44-2-1 | Bob Patterson |
TKO | 3 (10) | 1979-03-12 | Providence Civic Center, Providence, Rhode Island |
|
| Win | 43-2-1 | Sugar Ray Seales |
TKO | 1 (10), 1:26 | 1979-02-03 | Boston Garden, Boston, Massachusetts |
|
| Win | 42-2-1 | Willie Warren |
TKO | 7 (10) | 1978-11-11 | Boston Garden, Boston, Massachusetts |
|
| Win | 41-2-1 | Bennie Briscoe |
UD | 10 | 1978-08-24 | The Spectrum, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
|
| Win | 40-2-1 | Kevin Finnegan |
TKO | 7 (10) | 1978-05-13 | Boston Garden, Boston, Massachusetts |
|
| Win | 39-2-1 | Doug Demmings |
TKO | 8 (10) | 1978-04-07 | Grand Olympic Auditorium, Los Angeles, California |
|
| Win | 38-2-1 | Kevin Finnegan |
TKO | 9 (10) | 1978-03-04 | Boston Garden, Boston, Massachusetts |
|
| Win | 37-2-1 | Mike Colbert |
TKO | 12 (15) | 1977-11-26 | Boston Garden, Boston, Massachusetts |
Won vacant Massachusetts Middleweight title. |
| Win | 36-2-1 | Jim Henry |
UD | 10) | 1977-10-15 | Marvel Gymnasium, Providence, Rhode Island |
|
| Win | 35-2-1 | Ray Phillips |
TKO | 7 (10), 1:11) | 1977-09-24 | Boston Garden, Boston, Massachusetts |
|
| Win | 34-2-1 | Willie Monroe |
TKO | 2 (10), 1:46) | 1977-08-23 | The Spectrum, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
Won vacant North American Middleweight title. |
| Win | 33-2-1 | Roy Jones |
TKO | 3 (10), 2:10) | 1977-06-10 | Hartford Civic Center, Hartford, Connecticut |
|
| Win | 32-2-1 |  Reggie Ford |
KO | 3 (10), 2:14) | 1977-03-16 | Boston Arena, Boston, Massachusetts |
|
| Win | 31-2-1 | Willie Monroe |
TKO | 12 (12), 1:20) | 1977-02-15 | Hynes Auditorium, Boston, Massachusetts |
|
| Win | 30-2-1 | George Davis |
TKO | 6 (10), 2:56) | 1976-12-21 | Hynes Auditorium, Boston, Massachusetts |
|
| Win | 29-2-1 | Eugene Hart |
RTD | 8 (10) | 1976-09-14 | The Spectrum, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
|
| Win | 28-2-1 | DC Walker |
TKO | 6 (10) | 1976-08-03 | Arena, North Providence, Rhode Island |
|
| Win | 27-2-1 | Bob Smith |
TKO | 5 (10), 2:05 | 1976-06-02 | Roseland Ballroom, Taunton, Massachusetts |
|
| Loss | 26-2-1 | Willie Monroe |
UD | 10 | 1976-03-09 | The Spectrum, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
|
| Win | 26-1-1 | Matt Donovan |
TKO | 2 (10), 2:40 | 1976-02-07 | Boston Arena, Boston, Massachusetts |
|
| Loss | 25-1-1 | Bobby Watts |
MD | 10 | 1976-01-13 | The Spectrum, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
|
| Win | 25-0-1 | Johnny Baldwin |
UD | 10 | 1975-12-20 | Hynes Auditorium, Boston, Massachusetts |
|
| Win | 24-0-1 | Lamont Lovelady |
TKO | 7 (10) | 1975-09-30 | Boston Garden, Boston, Massachusetts |
|
| Win | 23-0-1 | Jesse Bender |
KO | 1 (10), 1:38 | 1975-08-07 | Exposition Building, Portland, Maine |
|
| Win | 22-0-1 | Jimmy Owens |
DQ | 6 (10) | 1975-05-24 | Brockton High School Gymnasium, Brockton, Massachusetts |
|
| Win | 21-0-1 | Jimmy Owens |
SD | 10 | 1975-04-14 | Boston Arena, Boston, Massachusetts |
|
| Win | 20-0-1 | Joey Blair |
KO | 2 (10), 2:22 | 1975-03-31 | Harvard Club of Boston, Boston, Massachusetts |
|
| Win | 19-0-1 | Dornell Wigfall |
KO | 6 (10), 1:25 | 1975-02-15 | Brockton High School Gymnasium, Brockton, Massachusetts |
|
| Win | 18-0-1 | DC Walker |
TKO | 2 (10) | 1974-12-20 | Boston Garden, Boston, Massachusetts |
|
| Draw | 17-0-1 | Sugar Ray Seales |
PTS | 10 | 1974-11-26 | Seattle Center Coliseum, Seattle, Washington |
|
| Win | 17–0 | George Green |
KO | 1 (10), 0:30 | 1974-11-16 | Brockton, Massachusetts |
|
| Win | 16–0 | Morris Jordan |
TKO | 4 (10), 2:20 | 1974-10-29 | Brockton High School Gymnasium, Brockton, Massachusetts |
|
| Win | 15–0 | Sugar Ray Seales |
UD | 10 | 1974-08-30 | WNAC-TV Studio, Boston, Massachusetts |
|
| Win | 14–0 | Peachy Davis |
KO | 1 (10), 1:00 | 1974-08-13 | Sargent Field, New Bedford, Massachusetts |
|
| Win | 13–0 | Bobby Williams |
TKO | 3 (10) | 1974-07-16 | Boston Arena, Boston, Massachusetts |
|
| Win | 12–0 | Curtis Phillips |
TKO | 5 (10) | 1974-05-30 | Exposition Building, Portland, Maine |
|
| Win | 11–0 | James Redford |
TKO | 2 (10) | 1974-05-04 | Brockton High School Gymnasium, Brockton, Massachusetts |
|
| Win | 10–0 | Tracy Morrison |
TKO | 8 (10) | 1974-04-05 | WNAC-TV Studio, Boston, Massachusetts |
|
| Win | 9–0 | Bob Harrington |
KO | 5 (10) | 1974-02-05 | Boston Garden, Boston, Massachusetts |
|
| Win | 8–0 | James Redford |
KO | 4 (8) | 1973-12-18 | Boston, Massachusetts |
|
| Win | 7–0 | Manny Freitas |
TKO | 1 (8), 1:33 | 1973-12-06 | Exposition Building, Portland, Maine |
|
| Win | 6–0 | Cocoa Kid |
KO | 2 (8) | 1973-11-17 | Brockton, Massachusetts |
|
| Win | 5–0 | Cove Green |
TKO | 4 (8) | 1973-10-26 | Brockton High School Gymnasium, Brockton, Massachusetts |
|
| Win | 4–0 | Dornell Wigfall |
PTS | 8 | 1973-10-06 | Brockton High School Gymnasium, Brockton, Massachusetts |
|
| Win | 3–0 | Muhammed Smith |
KO | 2 (6) | 1973-08-08 | Boston Arena, Boston, Massachusetts |
|
| Win | 2–0 | Sonny Williams |
UD | 6 | 1973-07-25 | Boston Arena, Boston, Massachusetts |
|
| Win | 1–0 | Terry Ryan |
KO | 2 (4) | 1973-05-18 | Brockton High School Gymnasium, Brockton, Massachusetts |
Professional Debut |
Titles in boxing[link]
Major World Titles:
- WBC Middleweight Champion (160 lbs)
- WBA Middleweight Champion (160 lbs)
- IBF Middleweight Champion (160 lbs)
The Ring/Lineal Championship Titles:
- The Ring Middleweight Champion (160 lbs)
Regional/International Titles:
- North American Middleweight Champion (160 lbs)
- Massachusetts Middleweight Champion (160 lbs)
See also[link]
Notes[link]
- ^ Disputed: Hagler vs. Leonard
- ^ Carter, Bob. "[1]", ESPN.com, September 26, 2006. Accessed August 26, 2010.
- ^ Division-By-Division - The Greatest Fighters of All-Time
- ^ "Middleweight". IBRO. http://www.ibroresearch.com/?p=424. Retrieved 2011-03-22.
- ^ "World all middleweight ratings". BoxRec. http://boxrec.com/ratings.php?country=&sex=m&division=Middleweight&status=E&SUBMIT=Go. Retrieved 2011-03-22.
- ^ The 10 best chins in boxing history
- ^ ESPN boxing
- ^ A Sinister Reputation
- ^ Sports Illustrated December 10, 1979
- ^ Kimball, George. "Look Back in Anger: Hagler-Minter, Wembley Arena, London, September 27, 1980". http://www.thesweetscience.com/news/articles/4729-look-back-in-anger-hagler-minter-wembley-arena-london-sept-27-1980.
- ^ It Was Blood, Sweat And Beers
- ^ Hagler Considers Retirement
- ^ Sugar Ray...Still In Style, Nigel Collins, The Ring August 1987
- ^ New York Times, 9 April 1987
- ^ http://www.nytimes.com/1987/04/09/sports/sports-of-the-times-no-hoosegow-for-jojo-guerra.html?pagewanted=2&src=pm SPORTS OF THE TIMES; No Hoosegow for JoJo Guerra. Published: April 09, 1987 (New York Times)
- ^ http://articles.philly.com/1987-04-08/sports/26192262_1_pat-petronelli-jojo-guerra-middleweight-championship-fight Self-defense Guerra Brushes Off Critics, Praises Leonard Performance (April 08, 1987). Daily News Wire Services
- ^ a b http://www.nytimes.com/1987/04/08/sports/judgment-day-for-ring-judge.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm JUDGMENT DAY FOR RING JUDGE By PHIL BERGER, Special to the New York Times. Published: April 08, 1987
- ^ The Hardest Game, Hugh McIlvanney, Contemporary Books, 2002
- ^ a b "Video". CNN. April 20, 1987. http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1065875/index.htm.
- ^ Sugar Ray Exposed Him, Jim Murray, 1987
- ^ http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1987-04-05/news/8701220087_1_hagler-and-leonard-marvelous-marvin-hagler-fight After A Year`s Prefight, Bell Tolls For These (April 05, 1987)|By IRA WINDERMAN, Sun Sentinel Staff Writer). Noting: "May 1, 1986: In an interview on WDVM-TV in Washington, Leonard says he is interested in ending his retirement to fight Hagler. Leonard says it would be a one-fight challenge, leading to his third retirement in five years"
- ^ a b [2]
- ^ a b http://www.champsuk.com/i-543/sugar-ray-leonard-post-fight-press-conference-after-defeating-marvin-hagler-original-wire-photograph-.html Sugar Ray Leonard Post Fight Press Conference After Defeating Marvin Hagler
- ^ BOXING HAGLER TIRED OF WAITING FOR LEONARD -- SO HE RETIRES
- ^ a b With Friends Like These, Who Needs Sugar Ray?
- ^ http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/classic/news/story?page=add_hagler_marvin You Look Marvelous. (Special to ESPN.com; Bob Carter, author
- ^ Bob Carter. "You Look Marvelous". ESPN. http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/classic/news/story?page=add_hagler_marvin.
- ^ Boxing - Then & Now
- ^ Marvin Hagler - Corriere.it News Article
- ^ Marvin Hagler's Professional Boxing Record. BoxRec.com. Retrieved on 2011-08-06.
External links[link]
- The Super Fight: Hagler vs Leonard
- Official Web Site
- Professional boxing record for Marvelous Marvin Hagler from BoxRec
- Marvin Hagler's Amateur Boxing Record
- Marvin Hagler at the Internet Movie Database
| Achievements | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Alan Minter |
WBA Middleweight Champion September 27, 1980 – March 10, 1987 Stripped |
Vacant
Title next held by
Sumbu Kalambay |
| WBC Middleweight Champion September 27, 1980 – April 6, 1987 |
Succeeded by Sugar Ray Leonard |
|
| The Ring Middleweight Champion September 27, 1980 – April 6, 1987 |
||
| Inaugural Champion | IBF Middleweight Champion May 27, 1983 – April 6, 1987 Stripped |
Vacant
Title next held by
Frank Tate |
| Vacant
Title last held by
Alan Minter |
World Middleweight Champion May 27, 1983 – April 6, 1987 Titles fractured |
Vacant
Title next held by
Bernard Hopkins |
| Awards | ||
| Preceded by Larry Holmes |
Ring Magazine Fighter of the Year 1983 |
Succeeded by Thomas Hearns |
| Preceded by Aaron Pryor |
BWAA Fighter of the Year 1983 |
Succeeded by Thomas Hearns |
| Preceded by Thomas Hearns |
Ring Magazine Fighter of the Year Shared award with Donald Curry 1985 |
Succeeded by Mike Tyson |
| Preceded by Thomas Hearns |
BWAA Fighter of the Year 1985 |
Succeeded by Mike Tyson |
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Hagler, Marvelous Marvin |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | American boxer |
| Date of birth | May 23, 1954 |
| Place of birth | Newark, New Jersey, United States |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Marvelous_Marvin_Hagler
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Хаглер, Марвин
http://fr.wn.com/Marvin Hagler
http://de.wn.com/Marvelous Marvin Hagler
http://it.wn.com/Marvin Hagler
http://pl.wn.com/Marvin Hagler
http://es.wn.com/Marvin Hagler
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| Thomas Hearns | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Statistics | |
| Real name | Thomas Hearns |
| Nickname(s) | The Hitman Motor City Cobra |
| Rated at | Welterweight Super Welterweight Middleweight Super Middleweight Light Heavyweight Cruiserweight |
| Height | 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) |
| Nationality | American |
| Born | (1958-10-18) October 18, 1958 (age 53) Memphis, Tennessee, USA |
| Stance | Orthodox |
| Boxing record | |
| Total fights | 67 |
| Wins | 61 |
| Wins by KO | 48 |
| Losses | 5 |
| Draws | 1 |
| No contests | 0 |
Thomas "Tommy" Hearns (born October 18, 1958) is a retired American professional boxer. Nicknamed the "Motor City Cobra" and more famously "The Hitman," Hearns became the first boxer in history to win world titles in four divisions. He would also become the first fighter in history to win five world titles in five different divisions. Hearns was named Ring Magazine fighter of the year in 1980 and 1984 and is best known for his fights with Sugar Ray Leonard, Marvin Hagler and Roberto Durán.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Born in Grand Junction, Tennessee on October 18, 1958, Hearns was the youngest of three children in his mother's first marriage. With her second marriage, six children joined the first three. On her own, Mrs. Hearns raised Tommy and his siblings in Grand Junction until Tommy was five years old; then the family moved to Detroit, Michigan.
Amateur career[link]
Hearns had an amateur record of 155–8. In 1977, he won the National Amateur Athletic Union Light Welterweight Championship, defeating Bobby Joe Young of Steubenville, Ohio, in the finals. He also won the 1977 National Golden Gloves Light Welterweight Championship.
Professional career[link]
Hearns began his professional boxing career in Detroit, Michigan, under the tutelage of Emanuel Steward in 1977.
He won six world titles in five weight classes during his pro career, defeating future boxing hall of famers such as Pipino Cuevas, Wilfred Benítez, Virgil Hill and Roberto Durán. Hearns started his career by knocking out his first 17 opponents. In 1980, Hearns carried his 28-0 record into a world title match against Mexico's Pipino Cuevas. Hearns ended Cuevas's 4-year reign by beating him by TKO in the second round. Hearns was voted "Fighter of the Year" by Ring Magazine in 1980.
Hearns vs. Leonard[link]
In 1981, Hearns the WBA Champion, with a 32-0 record (30 KOs), fought WBC Champion Sugar Ray Leonard (30-1) to unify the World Welterweight Championship in a bout dubbed "The Showdown." In this legendary fight, Hearns suffered his first professional defeat when Leonard stopped him in the 14th round. In the 13th round, Leonard, behind on points on all 3 judges scorecards, needed a knockout to win. He came on strong and put Hearns through the ropes at the end of the round. Hearns was dazed, totally out of gas and received a count but was saved by the bell. Leonard, with his left eye shut and time running out, resumed his attack in the 14th. Hearns started the round boxing and moving, but after staggering Hearns with an overhand right, Leonard pinned Hearns against the ropes. After another combination to the body and head, referee Davey Pearl stopped the fight. Hearns and Leonard banked a combined 17 million dollars for the fight, making it the largest purse in sports history. The following year, Leonard retired due to a detached retina caused by Hearns' jab and there would be no rematch until 1989.
Light Middleweight Champion[link]
Hearns moved up in weight and won the WBC Super Welterweight (154 lb) title from boxing legend and three-time world champion Wilfred Benítez (44-1-1) in New Orleans in December 1982, and defended that title against European Champion Luigi Minchillo (42-1) (W 12), Roberto Durán (KO 2), no.1 contender Fred Hutchings (29-1) (KO 3) and #1 contender Mark Medal (26-2) (TKO 8). During his reign at this weight, the 2 round destruction of the legendary Roberto Durán, in which he became the first boxer to KO Durán, is seen as his pinnacle achievement, earning him his second Ring Magazine "Fighter of the Year" award in 1984.
Hearns vs. Hagler[link]
During his time as Super Welterweight Champion, Hearns also ventured into the middleweight division, losing a legendary battle to Undisputed Middleweight Champion Marvin Hagler in 1985. Billed "The Fight" (later known as The War), this Superbout is commonly known as the 3 greatest rounds in history. The legendary battle elevated both fighters to superstar status. Hearns was able to stun Hagler soon after the opening bell, but he subsequently broke his right hand in the first round. He did, however, manage to open a deep cut over Hagler's nose that caused the ring doctor to consider a stoppage. The fight, however, was allowed to continue at this point, with the ringside commentators remarking on the fact that, "the last thing Hagler wants or needs is for this fight to be stopped on a cut." The battle did go back and forth some, but Hearns was unable to capitalize on his early successes against Hagler, and the hand injury ultimately contributed to his undoing. After the injury, he was unable to throw the type of devastating right hand power punches for which he was known. As a result he began to use lateral movement and a good jab to keep Hagler at bay as best he could under the circumstances. This tactic worked fairly well, but in the third round a smiling Hearns turned his back on Hagler after an exchange. This grave mistake allowed Hagler to trap Hearns on the ropes, where a crushing right hand by Hagler knocked Hearns down. Hearns beat the count but was totally gone and the referee stopped the fight. Despite the loss, Hearns garnered a tremendous amount of respect from fans and boxing aficionados alike. Considering the popularity of the fight and the level of competition, a rematch would seem to be a foregone conclusion.
Comeback[link]
Hearns quickly made amends by dispatching undefeated rising star James "Black Gold" Shuler with a devastating first round knockout in 1986. Two weeks after the fight, Shuler was killed in a motorcycle accident. Hearns presented the NABF Championship belt to Shuler's family at his funeral, saying he deserved to keep the belt as he had held it longer than Hearns.
Other notable world title fights included the 6 knockdowns of three-time world champion Dennis Andries to win the WBC Light Heavyweight title in March 1987, his four-round destruction of the feared Juan Roldán (63-2) later that year to claim the WBC Middleweight title, his TKO "Ring Magazine 1988 upset of the year" loss to Iran Barkley in his first defense of that same title, and his win against James "the Heat" Kinchen (44-3) for the newly created WBO Super Middleweight title.
Rematch with Leonard[link]
Hearns had to wait until 1989 for a rematch with Sugar Ray Leonard, this time for Leonard's WBC Super Middleweight title. This was Hearns's sixth Superfight, a fight which much of the public believed Hearns won, flooring Leonard in both the 3rd and 11th rounds. However, the judges scored the fight a controversial draw. Leonard later admitted that Hearns had beat him and that he was gifted the draw, stating the fighters were 1-1 in his book.
Later career[link]
1991 would see one last great performance by the aging Hitman as he challenged the undefeated WBA Light Heavyweight Champion Virgil Hill. In Hill's 11th defense of the title, Hearns would return to his amateur roots and outbox the champion to win a convincing decision and add a sixth world title to his illustrious career.
On June 23, 1997, Hearns appeared on a WWE telecast, performing in a storyline making use of kayfabe, where he was taunted and challenged by professional wrestler Bret "Hitman" Hart. Hearns "attacked" Jim Neidhart and knocked him down as he was standing in front of Hart. Officials then entered the ring and broke up the "confrontation."
Personal life[link]
Hearns' family is a fixture on the Detroit sports scene. His mother, Lois Hearns, is a fight promoter. Their company, "Hearns Entertainment," has promoted many cards, including the Mike Tyson-Andrew Golota bout in 2000. His son Ronald Hearns is also a boxer, and has fought on the undercard of his father's last couple of fights. He currently lives in Southfield, Michigan (a suburb of Detroit). Due to personal financial issues, Hearns was forced to auction off his possessions at The Auction Block of Detroit, Michigan on April 3, 2010. Items included were a 1957 Chevy, 47' Fountain boat, and a slew of collectors memorabilia. His debt to the IRS was $250,000. He took responsibility for repaying the entire debt, which he said was accrued from being overly generous toward his large extended family.[1]
Professional boxing record[link]
| 61 Wins (48 knockouts), 5 Losses (4 knockouts), 1 Draw[2] | |||||||
| Res. | Record | Opponent | Type | Rd., Time | Date | Location | Notes |
| Win | 61-5-1 | Shannon Landberg |
TKO | 10 (10), 1:35 | 2006-02-04 | The Palace of Auburn Hills, Auburn Hills, Michigan |
|
| Win | 60-5-1 | John Long |
TKO | 9 (10) | 2005-07-30 | Cobo Arena, Detroit, Michigan |
|
| Loss | 59-5-1 |  Uriah Grant |
RTD | 2 (12), 3:00 | 2000-04-08 | Joe Louis Arena, Detroit, Michigan |
Lost IBO Cruiserweight title. |
| Win | 59-4-1 | Nate Miller |
UD | 12 | 1999-04-10 |  M.E.N. Arena, Manchester, Greater Manchester |
Won vacant IBO Cruiserweight title. |
| Win | 58-4-1 | Jay Snyder |
KO | 1 (10), 1:28 | 1998-11-06 | Joe Louis Arena, Detroit, Michigan |
|
| Win | 57-4-1 | Ed Dalton |
KO | 5 (10), 2:47 | 1997-01-31 | Great Western Forum, Inglewood, California |
|
| Win | 56-4-1 | Karl Willis |
KO | 5 (10) | 1996-11-29 | Roanoke Civic Center, Roanoke, Virginia |
|
| Win | 55-4-1 | Earl Butler |
UD | 10 | 1995-09-26 | The Palace of Auburn Hills, Auburn Hills, Michigan |
|
| Win | 54-4-1 | Lenny LaPaglia |
TKO | 1 (12), 2:55 | 1995-03-31 | Detroit, Michigan |
Won vacant WBU Cruiserweight title. |
| Win | 53-4-1 | Freddie Delgado |
UD | 12 | 1994-02-19 | Charlotte Coliseum, Charlotte, North Carolina |
Retained NABF Cruiserweight title. |
| Win | 52-4-1 | Dan Ward |
TKO | 1 (12), 2:09 | 1994-01-29 | MGM Grand Garden Arena, Las Vegas, Nevada |
Won vacant NABF Cruiserweight title. |
| Win | 51-4-1 | Andrew Maynard |
TKO | 1 (10), 2:34 | 1993-11-06 | Caesars Palace, Las Vegas, Nevada |
|
| Loss | 50-4-1 | Iran Barkley |
SD | 12 | 1992-03-20 | Caesars Palace, Las Vegas, Nevada |
Lost WBA Light Heavyweight title. |
| Win | 50-3-1 | Virgil Hill |
UD | 12 | 1991-06-03 | Caesars Palace, Las Vegas, Nevada |
Won WBA Light Heavyweight title. |
| Win | 49-3-1 | Ken Atkins |
TKO | 3 (10), 2:08 | 1991-06-03 | Aloha Stadium, Honolulu, Hawaii |
|
| Win | 48-3-1 | Kemper Morton |
KO | 2 (10), 2:02 | 1991-02-11 | Great Western Forum, Inglewood, California |
|
| Win | 47-3-1 | Michael Olajide |
UD | 12 | 1990-04-28 | Trump Taj Mahal, Atlantic City, New Jersey |
Retained WBO Super Middleweight title. |
| Draw | 46-3-1 | Sugar Ray Leonard |
PTS | 12 | 1989-06-12 | Caesars Palace, Las Vegas, Nevada |
Retained WBO Super Middleweight title. For WBC Super Middleweight title. |
| Win | 46–3 | James Kinchen |
MD | 12 | 1988-11-04 | Hilton Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada |
Won NABF & vacant WBO Super Middleweight titles. |
| Loss | 45–3 | Iran Barkley |
TKO | 3 (12), 2:39 | 1988-06-06 | Hilton Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada |
Lost WBC Middleweight title. |
| Win | 45–2 | Juan Roldán |
KO | 4 (12), 2:01 | 1987-10-29 | Hilton Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada |
Won vacant WBC Middleweight title. |
| Win | 44–2 | Dennis Andries |
TKO | 10 (12), 1:26 | 1987-03-07 | Cobo Hall, Detroit, Michigan |
Won WBC Light Heavyweight title. |
| Win | 43–2 | Doug DeWitt |
UD | 12 | 1986-10-17 | Cobo Arena, Detroit, Michigan |
Retained NABF Middleweight title. |
| Win | 42–2 | Mark Medal |
TKO | 8 (12), 2:20 | 1986-06-23 | Caesars Palace, Las Vegas, Nevada |
Retained WBC & The Ring Light Middleweight titles. |
| Win | 41–2 | James Shuler |
KO | 1 (12), 1:13 | 1986-03-10 | Caesars Palace, Las Vegas, Nevada |
Won NABF Middleweight title. |
| Loss | 40–2 | Marvin Hagler |
TKO | 3 (12), 1:52 | 1985-04-15 | Caesars Palace, Las Vegas, Nevada |
For WBC, WBA, IBF, & The Ring Middleweight titles. The Ring magazine's "Fight of the Year" (1985) |
| Win | 40–1 | Fred Hutchings |
TKO | 3 (15), 2:56 | 1984-09-15 | Civic Center, Saginaw, Michigan |
Retained WBC & The Ring Light Middleweight titles. |
| Win | 39–1 | Roberto Durán |
TKO | 2 (12) | 1984-06-15 | Caesars Palace, Las Vegas, Nevada |
Retained WBC & The Ring Light Middleweight titles. |
| Win | 38–1 | Luigi Minchillo |
UD | 12 | 1984-02-11 | Joe Louis Arena, Detroit, Michigan |
Retained WBC & The Ring Light Middleweight titles. |
| Win | 37–1 | Murray Sutherland |
UD | 10 | 1983-07-10 | Caesars Atlantic City, Atlantic City, New Jersey |
Retained WBC & won vacant The Ring Light Middleweight titles. |
| Win | 36–1 | Wilfred Benítez |
MD | 15 | 1982-12-03 | Superdome, New Orleans, Louisiana |
Won WBC Light Middleweight title. |
| Win | 35–1 | Jeff McCracken |
TKO | 8 (10), 1:29 | 1982-07-25 | Cobo Hall, Detroit, Michigan |
|
| Win | 34–1 | Marcos Geraldo |
KO | 1 (10), 1:48 | 1982-02-27 | The Aladdin, Las Vegas, Nevada |
|
| Win | 33–1 | Ernie Singletary |
UD | 10 | 1981-12-11 |  Queen Elizabeth Sports Centre, Nassau |
|
| Loss | 32–1 | Sugar Ray Leonard |
TKO | 14 (15), 1:45 | 1981-09-16 | Caesars Palace, Las Vegas, Nevada |
Lost WBA Welterweight title. For WBC & The Ring Welterweight titles. The Ring magazine's "Fight of the Year" (1981) |
| Win | 32–0 | Pablo Baez |
TKO | 4 (15), 2:10 | 1981-06-25 | Astrodome, Houston, Texas |
Retained WBA Welterweight title. |
| Win | 31–0 | Randy Shields |
TKO | 12 (15), 3:00 | 1981-04-25 | Arizona Veterans Memorial Coliseum, Phoenix, Arizona |
Retained WBA Welterweight title. |
| Win | 30–0 | Luis Primera |
KO | 6 (15), 2:00 | 1980-12-06 | Joe Louis Arena, Detroit, Michigan |
Retained WBA Welterweight title. |
| Win | 29–0 | José Cuevas |
TKO | 2 (15), 2:39 | 1980-08-02 | Joe Louis Arena, Detroit, Michigan |
Won WBA Welterweight title. |
| Win | 28–0 |  Eddie Gazo |
KO | 1 (10), 2:41 | 1980-05-03 | Cobo Hall, Detroit, Michigan |
|
| Win | 27–0 | Santiago Valdez |
TKO | 1 (10), 2:56 | 1980-03-31 | Caesars Palace, Las Vegas, Nevada |
|
| Win | 26–0 | Ángel Espada |
TKO | 4 (12) | 1980-03-02 | Joe Louis Arena, Detroit, Michigan |
Won vacant USBA Welterweight title. |
| Win | 25–0 |  Jim Richards |
KO | 3 (10) | 1980-02-03 | Caesars Palace, Las Vegas, Nevada |
|
| Win | 24–0 | Mike Colbert |
UD | 10 | 1979-11-30 | Superdome, New Orleans, Louisiana |
|
| Win | 23–0 |  Saensak Muangsurin |
TKO | 3 (10), 2:31 | 1979-10-18 | Olympia Stadium, Detroit, Michigan |
|
| Win | 22–0 | Jose Figueroa |
KO | 3 (10), 1:17 | 1979-09-22 | Sports Arena, Los Angeles, California |
|
| Win | 21–0 | Inocencio Mao De la Rosa |
RTD | 2 (10) | 1979-08-23 | Cobo Arena, Detroit, Michigan |
|
| Win | 20–0 | Bruce Curry |
RTD | 3 (10), 2:59 | 1979-06-28 | Olympia Stadium, Detroit, Michigan |
|
| Win | 19–0 | Harold Weston |
RTD | 6 (12) | 1979-05-20 | Dunes Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada |
|
| Win | 18–0 | Alfonso Hayman |
UD | 10 | 1979-04-03 | The Spectrum, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
|
| Win | 17–0 |  Segundo Murillo |
TKO | 8 (10), 2:25 | 1979-03-03 | Olympia Stadium, Detroit, Michigan |
|
| Win | 16–0 | Sammy Ruckard |
TKO | 8 | 1979-01-31 | Saginaw, Michigan |
|
| Win | 15–0 | Clyde Gray |
TKO | 10 (10) | 1979-01-11 | Olympia Stadium, Detroit, Michigan |
|
| Win | 14–0 |  Rudy Barro |
TKO | 4 (10) | 1978-12-09 | Cobo Arena, Detroit, Michigan |
|
| Win | 13–0 | Pedro Rojas |
TKO | 1 (10), 1:09 | 1978-10-26 | Olympia Stadium, Detroit, Michigan |
|
| Win | 12–0 | Bruce Finch |
TKO | 3 (10), 2:01 | 1978-09-07 | Detroit, Michigan |
|
| Win | 11–0 |  Eddie Marcelle |
KO | 2, 2:59 | 1978-08-03 | Detroit, Michigan |
|
| Win | 10–0 | Raul Aguirre |
KO | 3 | 1978-07-20 | Detroit, Michigan |
|
| Win | 9–0 | Jimmy Rothwell |
KO | 1 (10) | 1978-06-08 | Olympia Stadium, Detroit, Michigan |
|
| Win | 8–0 | Tyrone Phelps |
KO | 3 | 1978-03-31 | Saginaw, Michigan |
|
| Win | 7–0 | Ray Fields |
TKO | 2 | 1978-03-17 | Detroit, Michigan |
|
| Win | 6–0 | Billy Goodwin |
TKO | 2 | 1978-02-17 | Saginaw, Michigan |
|
| Win | 5–0 | Robert Adams |
KO | 3 | 1978-02-10 | Detroit, Michigan |
|
| Win | 4–0 | Anthony House |
KO | 2 | 1978-01-29 | Knoxville, Tennessee |
|
| Win | 3–0 | Willie Wren |
KO | 3 | 1977-12-16 | Detroit, Michigan |
|
| Win | 2–0 | Jerry Strickland |
KO | 3 (6) | 1977-12-07 | Mount Clemens, Michigan |
|
| Win | 1–0 | Jerome Hill |
KO | 2 (4) | 1977-11-25 | Detroit, Michigan |
Hearns' professional debut |
Titles in boxing[link]
Major World Titles:
- WBA Welterweight Champion (147 lbs)
- WBC Light Middleweight Champion (154 lbs)
- WBC Light Heavyweight Champion (175 lbs)
- WBC Middleweight Champion (160 lbs)
- WBO Super Middleweight Champion (168 lbs)
- WBA Light Heavyweight Champion (175 lbs)
Minor World Titles:
- WBU Cruiserweight Champion (200 lbs)
- IBO Cruiserweight Champion (200 lbs)
The Ring/Lineal Championship Titles:
- The Ring Light Middleweight Champion (154 lbs)
Regional/International Titles:
- USBA Welterweight Champion (147 lbs)
- NABF Middleweight Champion (160 lbs)
- NABF Super Middleweight Champion (168 lbs)
- NABF Cruiserweight Champion (200 lbs)
See also[link]
- List of boxing triple champions
- List of boxing quadruple champions
- List of boxing quintuple champions
- List of boxing sextuple champions
References[link]
- ^ Detroit Free Press April 4, 2010
- ^ Thomas Hearns – Boxer. Boxrec.com. Retrieved on 2011-07-26.
External links[link]
 |
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Thomas Hearns |
- Thomas Hearns' Official Website
- Professional boxing record for Thomas Hearns from BoxRec
- Thomas Hearns' Amateur Boxing Record
- Highlight Video
}} }}
| Sporting positions | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Pipino Cuevas |
WBA Welterweight Champion August 2, 1980 – September 16, 1981 |
Succeeded by Sugar Ray Leonard |
| Preceded by Wilfred Benítez |
WBC Light Middleweight Champion December 3, 1982–1986 Vacated |
Vacant
Title next held by
Duane Thomas |
| Preceded by Dennis Andries |
WBC Light Heavyweight Champion March 7, 1987 – November 27, 1987 Vacated |
Vacant
Title next held by
Donny Lalonde |
| Vacant
Title last held by
Sugar Ray Leonard |
WBC Middleweight Champion October 29, 1987 – June 6, 1988 |
Succeeded by Iran Barkley |
| Inaugural Champion | WBO Super Middleweight Champion November 4, 1988 – April 28, 1990 Vacated |
Vacant
Title next held by
Chris Eubank |
| Preceded by Virgil Hill |
WBA Light Heavyweight Champion June 3, 1991 – March 20, 1992 |
Succeeded by Iran Barkley |
| Awards | ||
| Preceded by Sugar Ray Leonard |
Ring Magazine Fighter of the Year 1980 |
Succeeded by Sugar Ray Leonard & Salvador Sánchez |
| Preceded by Sugar Ray Leonard |
BWAA Fighter of the Year 1980 |
Succeeded by Sugar Ray Leonard |
| Preceded by Marvin Hagler |
Ring Magazine Fighter of the Year 1984 |
Succeeded by Marvin Hagler & Donald Curry |
| Preceded by Marvin Hagler |
BWAA Fighter of the Year 1984 |
Succeeded by Marvin Hagler |
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Hearns, Thomas |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | American boxer |
| Date of birth | October 18, 1958 |
| Place of birth | Memphis, Tennessee U.S.A. |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Thomas_Hearns
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Хирнс, Томас
http://fr.wn.com/Thomas Hearns
http://de.wn.com/Thomas Hearns
http://it.wn.com/Thomas Hearns
http://pl.wn.com/Thomas Hearns
http://es.wn.com/Thomas Hearns
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hearns
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For other uses, see Bruce Lee (disambiguation).
| Bruce Lee | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| File:BruceLeecard.jpg Bruce Lee |
|||||||||
| Chinese name | 李小龍 (Traditional) | ||||||||
| Chinese name | 李小龙 (Simplified) | ||||||||
| Pinyin | Lǐ Xiǎolóng (Mandarin) | ||||||||
| Jyutping | Lei5 Siu2 Lung4 (Cantonese) | ||||||||
| Birth name | Lee Jun-fan 李振藩 (Traditional) 李振藩 (Simplified) Lǐ Zhènfān (Mandarin) Lei5 Zan3 Faan4 (Cantonese) |
||||||||
| Ancestry | Shunde, Guangdong, China | ||||||||
| Origin | Hong Kong | ||||||||
| Born | (1940-11-27)27 November 1940 San Francisco Chinese Hospital Chinatown, San Francisco |
||||||||
| Died | 20 July 1973(1973-07-20) (aged 32) Kowloon Tong, HK [1] |
||||||||
| Resting place | Seattle, Washington, USA Lakeview Cemetery |
||||||||
| Occupation | Martial arts instructor, actor, philosopher, film director, screenwriter, and martial arts founder | ||||||||
| Years active | 1941–73 | ||||||||
| Spouse(s) | Linda Emery (1964–73) | ||||||||
| Children | Brandon Lee (1965–93) Shannon Lee (born 1969) |
||||||||
| Parents | Lee Hoi-chuen (1901–65) Grace Ho (1907–96) |
||||||||
| Official Website | Bruce Lee Foundation Bruce Lee official website |
||||||||
|
Awards
|
|||||||||
 |
This article contains Chinese text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters. |
Bruce Lee (born Lee Jun-fan; 27 November 1940 – 20 July 1973) was a Chinese American[3] Hong Kong actor,[4] martial arts instructor,[5] philosopher, film director, film producer, screenwriter, and founder of the Jeet Kune Do martial arts movement. He is widely considered by many commentators, critics, media and other martial artists to be the most influential martial artist and pop culture icon of the 20th Century.[6][7][8] He is often credited with changing the way Asians were presented in American films.[6]
Lee was born in San Francisco to parents of Hong Kong heritage but was raised in Hong Kong until his late teens. Lee returned to the United States at the age of 18 to claim his U.S. citizenship and receive his higher education.[9] It was during this time that he began teaching martial arts, which soon led to film and television roles.
His Hong Kong and Hollywood-produced films elevated the traditional Hong Kong martial arts film to a new level of popularity and acclaim, and sparked a major surge of interest in Chinese martial arts in the West in the 1970s. The direction and tone of his films changed and influenced martial arts and martial arts films in Hong Kong and the rest of the world, as well.[10] He is noted for his roles in five feature-length films: Lo Wei's The Big Boss (1971) and Fist of Fury (1972); Way of the Dragon (1972), directed and written by Lee; Warner Brothers' Enter the Dragon (1973) and The Game of Death (1978), both directed by Robert Clouse.[11]
Lee became an iconic figure known throughout the world, particularly among the Chinese, as he portrayed Chinese nationalism in his films.[12] He initially trained in Wing Chun, but he later rejected well-defined martial art styles, favouring instead the use of techniques from various sources, in the spirit of his personal martial arts philosophy, which he dubbed Jeet Kune Do (The Way of the Intercepting Fist).
Contents |
Early life[link]
| Part of the series on Chinese martial arts |
 |
| List of Chinese martial arts |
|---|
| Terms |
| Historical places |
|
| Historical people |
|
| Famous modern actors |
|
| Legendary figures |
|
| Related |
Bruce Lee was born on 27 November 1940 at the Chinese Hospital in Chinatown, San Francisco. According to the Chinese zodiac Lee was born in both the hour and the year of the Dragon which in this cultural tradition is considered a strong and fortuitous omen.[13] His father, Lee Hoi-chuen, was fully Chinese, and his mother, Grace Ho (何愛瑜), was half Chinese and half Caucasian.[14] Grace was the daughter of Ho Kom-tong and the niece of Sir Robert Ho-tung, both notable Honk Kong businessmen and philanthropists.[15] Lee was the fourth child of five children: Agnes, Phoebe, Peter, and Robert. Lee and his parents returned to Hong Kong when he was three months old.[16]
Names[link]
Lee's Cantonese birth name was Lee Jun-fan (李振藩).[17] The name homophonically means "return again"; it was given to Lee by his mother, who felt he would return to the United States once he came of age.[18] Because of his mother's superstitious nature, she originally named him Sai-fon (細鳳), which is a feminine name meaning "small phoenix".[19] The English name "Bruce" was thought to be given by the hospital attending physician, Dr. Mary Glover.[20]
Lee had three other Chinese names: Li Yuanxin (李源鑫), a family/clan name; Li Yuanjian (李元鑒), as a student name while he was attending La Salle College, and his Chinese screen name Li Xiaolong (李小龍; Xiaolong means "little dragon"). Lee's given name Jun-fan was originally written in Chinese as 震藩, however, the Jun (震) Chinese character was identical to part of his grandfather's name, Lee Jun-biu (李震彪). Hence, the Chinese character for Jun in Lee's name was changed to the homonym 振 instead, to avoid naming taboo in Chinese tradition.
Family[link]
Lee's father, Lee Hoi-chuen, was one of the leading Cantonese opera and film actors at the time, and was embarking on a year-long Cantonese opera tour with his family on the eve of the Japanese invasion of Hong Kong. Lee Hoi-chuen had been touring the United States for many years and performing at numerous Chinese communities there.
Although a number of his peers decided to stay in the United States, Lee Hoi-chuen decided to go back to Hong Kong after his wife gave birth to Bruce Lee. Within months, Hong Kong was invaded and the Lees lived for three years and eight months under Japanese occupation. After the war ended, Lee Hoi-chuen resumed his acting career and became a more popular actor during Hong Kong's rebuilding years.
Lee's mother, Grace Ho, was from one of the wealthiest and most powerful clans in Hong Kong, the Ho-tungs. She was the niece of Sir Robert Ho-tung,[15][21] of Eurasian descent and patriarch of the clan. As such, the young Bruce Lee grew up in an affluent and privileged environment. Despite this advantage of his family's status, the Hong Kong neighborhood Lee grew up in became over-crowded, dangerous, and full of gang rivalries because of the mass number of people fleeing communist China to Hong Kong, :[19]
Post-war Hong Kong was a tough place to grow up. Gangs ruled the city streets and Lee was often forced to fight them. But Bruce liked a challenge and faced his adversaries head on. To his parents dismay, Bruce's street fighting continued and the violent nature of his confrontations was escalating.
After being involved in several street fights, Lee's parents decided that he needed to be trained in the martial arts. Lee's first introduction to martial arts was through his father. He learned the fundamentals of Wu-style t'ai chi ch'uan from his father.[22]
Wing Chun[link]
See also: History of Wing Chun
The largest influence on Lee's martial arts development was his study of Wing Chun. Lee began training in Wing Chun at the age of 13 under the Wing Chun teacher Yip Man in 1954, after losing a fight with rival gang members. Yip's regular classes generally consisted of the forms practice, chi sao (sticking hands) drills, wooden dummy techniques, and free-sparring.[23] There was no set pattern to the classes.[23] Yip tried to keep his students from fighting in the street gangs of Hong Kong by encouraging them to fight in organized competitions.[24]
After a year into his Wing Chun training, most of Yip Man's other students refused to train with Lee after they learnt of his ancestry (his mother was half Chinese and half Caucasian) as the Chinese generally were against teaching their martial arts techniques to non-Asians.[25][26] Lee's sparring partner, Hawkins Cheung states, "Probably fewer than six people in the whole Wing Chun clan were personally taught, or even partly taught, by Yip Man".[27] However, Lee showed a keen interest in Wing Chun, and continued to train privately with Yip Man and Wong Shun Leung in 1955.[28]
Leaving Hong Kong[link]
After attending Tak Sun School (德信學校) (a couple of blocks from his home at 218 Nathan Road, Kowloon), Lee entered the primary school division of La Salle College in 1950 or 1952 (at the age of 12). In around 1956, due to poor academic performance (or possibly poor conduct as well), he was transferred to St. Francis Xavier's College (high school) where he would be mentored by Brother Edward, a teacher and coach of the school boxing team.
In the spring of 1959, Lee got into yet another street fight and the police were called.[29] From all the way to his late teens, Lee's street fights became more frequent and included beating up the son of a feared triad family. Eventually, Lee's father decided for him to leave Hong Kong to pursue a safer and healthier avenue in the United States. His parents confirmed the police's fear that this time Lee's opponent had an organised crime background, and there was the possibility that a contract was out for his life.
The police detective came and he says "Excuse me Mr. Lee, your son is really fighting bad in school. If he gets into just one more fight I might have to put him in jail".—Robert Lee[19]
In April 1959, Lee's parents decided to send him to the United States to stay with his older sister, Agnes Lee (李秋鳳), who was already living with family friends in San Francisco.
New life in America[link]
At the age of 18, Lee returned to the United States with $100 in his pocket and the titles of 1957 High School Boxing Champion and 1958 Crown colony Cha Cha Champion of Hong Kong.[13] After living in San Francisco for several months, he moved to Seattle in 1959, to continue his high school education, where he also worked for Ruby Chow as a live-in waiter at her restaurant.
Chow's husband was a co-worker and friend of Lee's father. Lee's elder brother Peter Lee (李忠琛) would also join him in Seattle for a short stay before moving on to Minnesota to attend college. In December 1960, Lee completed his high school education and received his diploma from Edison Technical School (now Seattle Central Community College, located on Capitol Hill, Seattle).
In March 1961, Lee enrolled at the University of Washington, majoring in drama according to the university's alumni association information,[30] not in philosophy as claimed by Lee himself and many others. Lee also studied philosophy, psychology, and various other subjects.[31][32] It was at the University of Washington that he met his future wife Linda Emery, a fellow student studying to become a teacher, whom he married in August 1964.
Lee had two children with Linda Emery, Brandon Lee (1965–93) and Shannon Lee (b. 1969).
Jun Fan Gung Fu[link]
Lee began teaching martial arts in the United States in 1959. He called what he taught Jun Fan Gung Fu (literally Bruce Lee's Kung Fu). It was basically his approach to Wing Chun.[33] Lee taught friends he met in Seattle, starting with Judo practitioner Jesse Glover, who later became his first assistant instructor. Lee opened his first martial arts school, named the Lee Jun Fan Gung Fu Institute, in Seattle.
Lee dropped out of college in the spring of 1964 and moved to Oakland to live with James Yimm Lee (嚴鏡海). James Lee was twenty years senior to Bruce Lee and a well known Chinese martial artist in the area. Together, they founded the second Jun Fan martial art studio in Oakland. James Lee was also responsible for introducing Bruce Lee to Ed Parker, royalty of the U.S. martial arts world and organizer of the Long Beach International Karate Championships at which Bruce Lee was later "discovered" by Hollywood.
Jeet Kune Do[link]
Main article: Jeet Kune Do
Jeet Kune Do originated in 1967. After filming one season of The Green Hornet, Lee found himself out of work and opened The Jun Fan Institute of Gung Fu. A controversial match with Wong Jack Man influenced Lee's philosophy about martial arts. Lee concluded that the fight had lasted too long and that he had failed to live up to his potential using his Wing Chun techniques. He took the view that traditional martial arts techniques were too rigid and formalistic to be practical in scenarios of chaotic street fighting. Lee decided to develop a system with an emphasis on "practicality, flexibility, speed, and efficiency". He started to use different methods of training such as weight training for strength, running for endurance, stretching for flexibility, and many others which he constantly adapted, including fencing and basic boxing techniques.
Lee emphasised what he called "the style of no style". This consisted of getting rid of the formalised approach which Lee claimed was indicative of traditional styles. Lee felt the system he now called Jun Fan Gung Fu was even too restrictive, and eventually evolved into a philosophy and martial art he would come to call Jeet Kune Do or the Way of the Intercepting Fist. It is a term he would later regret, because Jeet Kune Do implied specific parameters that styles connote; whereas the idea of his martial art was to exist outside of parameters and limitations.[35]
Long Beach International Karate Championships[link]
At the invitation of Ed Parker, Lee appeared in the 1964 Long Beach International Karate Championships[36] and performed repetitions of two-finger push-ups (using the thumb and the index finger of one hand) with feet at approximately a shoulder-width apart. In the same Long Beach event he also performed the "One inch punch",[37] the description of which is as follows: Lee stood upright, his right foot forward with knees bent slightly, in front of a standing, stationary partner. Lee's right arm was partly extended and his right fist approximately an inch away from the partner's chest. Without retracting his right arm, Lee then forcibly delivered the punch to his partner while largely maintaining his posture, sending the partner backwards and falling into a chair said to be placed behind the partner to prevent injury, though his partner's momentum soon caused him to fall to the floor. His volunteer was Bob Baker of Stockton, California. "I told Bruce not to do this type of demonstration again", Baker recalled. "When he punched me that last time, I had to stay home from work because the pain in my chest was unbearable".[38]
It was at the 1964 championships where Lee first met Taekwondo master Jhoon Goo Rhee. The two developed a friendship – a relationship from which they benefited as martial artists. Rhee taught Lee the side kick in detail, and Lee taught Rhee the "non-telegraphic" punch.[39]
Lee appeared at the 1967 Long Beach International Karate Championships and performed various demonstrations, including the famous "unstoppable punch" against USKA world Karate champion Vic Moore.[36] Lee told Moore that he was going to throw a straight punch to the face, and all he had to do was to try to block it. Lee took several steps back and asked if Moore was ready, when Moore nodded in affirmation, Lee glided towards him until he was within striking range. He then threw a straight punch directly at Moore's face, and stopped before impact. In eight attempts, Moore failed to block any of the punches.[40][41]
Fight history[link]
Lee defeated three-time champion British boxer Gary Elms by way of knockout in the third round in the 1958 Hong Kong Inter-School amateur Boxing Championships by using Wing Chun traps and high/low-level straight punches.[42]
The following year, Lee became a member of the "Tigers of Junction Street," and was involved in numerous gang-related street fights. "In one of his last encounters, while removing his jacket the fellow he was squaring off against sucker punched him and blackened his eye. Bruce flew into a rage and went after him, knocking him out, breaking his opponent's arm. The police were called as a result".[43] The incident took place on a Hong Kong rooftop at 10 pm on Wednesday, 29 April 1959.[44]
In 1962, Lee was challenged by a man who had been holding a grudge against Lee while the two were practicing at a YMCA in Seattle.[45] The man was described by Jesse Glover as a karate man who also had a blackbelt in judo, though Glover, who was a brown belt in judo at the time, claimed to be better than the man in judo.[45] After weeks[46] or months[47] of provocation by the man, Lee agreed to fight the man for three two-minute rounds, with the winner being the one who knocked the opponent down or out in two out of three rounds.[48] The match took place at YMCA's handball court, with Glover as the referee and Ed Hart as the time keeper.[48] Lee wore street clothes and used a Wing Chun stance while his opponent wore a gi and used a karate stance.[48] According to Glover, Lee used his right forearm to deflect an initial kick from the man and simultaneously landed a left punch to the face.[48] Lee deflected more punches using the forearm, controlling the center line and landed more punches to the man's face until he was against the wall.[48] The man attempted to grab Lee's arms, which Lee responded by a double fist punch to the face and chest, followed by a kick to the nose, which produced a nosebleed and a knockout, at which time Glover stopped the fight.[48] Taki Kamura said the fight lasted 10 seconds.[49] Ed Hart stated "the fight lasted exactly 11 seconds – I know because I was the time keeper – and Bruce had hit the guy something like 15 times and kicked him once. I thought he'd killed him".[46]
In Oakland, California in 1964 at Chinatown, Lee had a controversial private match with Wong Jack Man, a direct student of Ma Kin Fung known for his mastery of Xingyiquan, Northern Shaolin, and T'ai chi ch'uan. According to Lee, the Chinese community issued an ultimatum to him to stop teaching non-Chinese. When he refused to comply, he was challenged to a combat match with Wong. The arrangement was that if Lee lost, he would have to shut down his school; while if he won, then Lee would be free to teach Caucasians or anyone else.[43] Wong denied this, stating that he requested to fight Lee after Lee issued an open challenge during one of Lee's demonstrations at a Chinatown theatre, and that Wong himself did not discriminate against Caucasians or other non-Chinese.[50] Lee commented, "That paper had all the names of the sifu from Chinatown, but they don't scare me".[51]
Individuals known to have witnessed the match included Cadwell, James Lee (Bruce Lee's associate, no relation), and William Chen, a teacher of T'ai chi ch'uan. Wong and witness William Chen stated that the fight lasted an unusually long 20–25 minutes.[50] According to Bruce Lee, Linda Lee Cadwell, and James Yimm Lee, the fight lasted 3 minutes with a decisive victory for Lee. "The fight ensued, it was a no-holds-barred fight, it took three minutes. Bruce got this guy down to the ground and said 'do you give up?' and the man said he gave up" – Linda Lee Cadwell.[43]
Wong Jack Man published his own account of the battle in the Chinese Pacific Weekly, a Chinese-language newspaper in San Francisco, which contained another challenge to Lee for a public rematch.[50] Lee had no reciprocation to Wong's article, nor were there any further public announcements by either, but Lee had continued to teach Caucasians.
Lee's eventual celebrity put him in the path of a number of men who sought to make a name for themselves by causing a confrontation with Lee. A challenger had invaded Lee's private home in Hong Kong by trespassing into the backyard to incite Lee in combat. Lee finished the challenger violently with a kick, infuriated over the home invasion. Describing the incident, Herb Jackson states,
One time one fellow got over that wall, got into his yard and challenged him and he says 'how good are you?' And Bruce was poppin mad. He [Bruce] says 'he gets the idea, this guy, to come and invade my home, my own private home, invade it and challenge me.' He said he got so mad that he gave the hardest kick he ever gave anyone in his life.[52]
Bob Wall, USPK karate champion and Lee's co-star in Enter the Dragon, recalled one encounter that transpired after a film extra kept taunting Lee. The extra yelled that Lee was "a movie star, not a martial artist," that he "wasn't much of a fighter". Lee answered his taunts by asking him to jump down from the wall he was sitting on. Wall described Lee's opponent as "a gang-banger type of guy from Hong Kong," a "damned good martial artist," and observed that he was fast, strong, and bigger than Bruce.[53]
This kid was good. He was strong and fast, and he was really trying to punch Bruce's brains in. But Bruce just methodically took him apart.[54] Bruce kept moving so well, this kid couldn't touch him...then all of a sudden, Bruce got him and rammed his ass with the wall and swept him up, proceeding to drop him and plant his knee into his opponent's chest, locked his arm out straight, and nailed him in the face repeatedly". – Bob Wall[55]
Acting career[link]
Main article: Bruce Lee filmography
Lee's father Lee Hoi-chuen was a famous Cantonese opera star. Because of this, Lee was introduced into films at a very young age and appeared in several films as a child. Lee had his first role as a baby who was carried onto the stage in the film Golden Gate Girl. By the time he was 18, he had appeared in twenty films.[13]
While in the United States from 1959 to 1964, Lee abandoned thoughts of a film career in favour of pursuing martial arts. However, a martial arts exhibition on Long Beach in 1964 eventually led to the invitation by William Dozier for an audition for a part in the pilot for "Number One Son". The show never aired, but Lee was invited for the role of Kato alongside Van Williams in the TV series The Green Hornet. The show lasted just one season, from 1966 to 1967. Lee also played Kato in three crossover episodes of Batman. This was followed by guest appearances in three television series: Ironside (1967), Here Come the Brides (1969), and Blondie (1969).
At the time, two of Lee's martial arts students were Hollywood script writer Stirling Silliphant and actor James Coburn. In 1969 the three worked on a script for a film called The Silent Flute, and went together on a location hunt to India. The project was not realised at the time; but the 1978 film Circle of Iron, starring David Carradine, was based on the same plot. In 2010, producer Paul Maslansky was reported to plan and receive fundings for a film based on the original script for The Silent Flute.[56] In 1969, Lee made a brief appearance in the Silliphant-penned film Marlowe where he played a henchman hired to intimidate private detective Philip Marlowe, (played by James Garner), by smashing up his office with leaping kicks and flashing punches, only to later accidentally jump off a tall building while trying to kick Marlowe off. The same year he also choreographed fight scenes for The Wrecking Crew starring Dean Martin, Sharon Tate, and featuring Chuck Norris in his first role. In 1970, he was responsible for fight choreography for A Walk in the Spring Rain starring Ingrid Bergman and Anthony Quinn, again written by Silliphant. In 1971, Lee appeared in four episodes of the television series Longstreet, written by Silliphant. Lee played the martial arts instructor of the title character Mike Longstreet (played by James Franciscus), and important aspects of his martial arts philosophy were written into the script.
According to statements made by Lee, and also by Linda Lee Cadwell after Lee's death, in 1971 Lee pitched a television series of his own tentatively titled The Warrior, discussions which were also confirmed by Warner Bros. In a 9 December 1971 television interview on The Pierre Berton Show, Lee stated that both Paramount and Warner Brothers wanted him "to be in a modernized type of a thing, and that they think the Western idea is out, whereas I want to do the Western".[57] According to Cadwell, however, Lee's concept was retooled and renamed Kung Fu, but Warner Bros. gave Lee no credit.[58] Warner Brothers states that they had for some time been developing an identical concept,[59] created by two writers and producers, Ed Spielman and Howard Friedlander. According to these sources, the reason Lee was not cast was in part because of his ethnicity, but more so because he had a thick accent.[60] The role of the Shaolin monk in the Wild West, was eventually awarded to then-non-martial-artist David Carradine. In The Pierre Berton Show interview, Lee stated he understood Warner Brothers' attitudes towards casting in the series: "They think that business wise it is a risk. I don't blame them. If the situation were reversed, and an American star were to come to Hong Kong, and I was the man with the money, I would have my own concerns as to whether the acceptance would be there".[61]
Producer Fred Weintraub had advised Lee to return to Hong Kong and make a feature film which he could showcase to executives in Hollywood.[62] Not happy with his supporting roles in the United States, Lee returned to Hong Kong. Unaware that The Green Hornet had been played to success in Hong Kong and was unofficially referred to as "The Kato Show", he was surprised to be recognised on the street as the star of the show. After negotiating with both Shaw Brothers Studio and Golden Harvest, Lee signed a film contract to star in two films produced by Golden Harvest. Lee played his first leading role in The Big Boss (1971) which proved to be an enormous box office success across Asia and catapulted him to stardom. He soon followed up with Fist of Fury (1972) which broke the box office records set previously by The Big Boss. Having finished his initial two-year contract, Lee negotiated a new deal with Golden Harvest. Lee later formed his own company, Concord Productions Inc. (協和電影公司), with Chow. For his third film, Way of the Dragon (1972), he was given complete control of the film's production as the writer, director, star, and choreographer of the fight scenes. In 1964, at a demonstration in Long Beach, California, Lee had met Karate champion Chuck Norris. In Way of the Dragon Lee introduced Norris to movie-goers as his opponent in the final death fight at the Colosseum in Rome, today considered one of Lee's most legendary fight scenes and one of the most memorable fight scenes in martial arts film history.[63] The role was originally offered to American Karate champion Joe Lewis.[64]
In late 1972, Lee began work on his fourth Golden Harvest Film, Game of Death. He began filming some scenes including his fight sequence with 7'2" American Basketball star Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, a former student. Production was stopped when Warner Brothers offered Lee the opportunity to star in Enter the Dragon, the first film to be produced jointly by Golden Harvest and Warner Bros. Filming commenced in Hong Kong in February 1973. One month into the filming, another production company, Starseas Motion Pictures, promoted Bruce Lee as a leading actor in Fist of Unicorn, although he had merely agreed to choreograph the fight sequences in the film as a favour to his long-time friend Unicorn Chan. Lee planned to sue the production company, but retained his friendship with Chan.[65] However, only a few months after the completion of Enter the Dragon, and six days before its 26 July 1973 release,[66] Lee died. Enter the Dragon would go on to become one of the year's highest grossing films and cement Lee as a martial arts legend. It was made for US$850,000 in 1973 (equivalent to $4 million adjusted for inflation as of 2007).[67] To date, Enter the Dragon has grossed over $200 million worldwide.[68] The film sparked a brief fad in martial arts, epitomised in songs such as "Kung Fu Fighting" and TV shows like Kung Fu.
Robert Clouse, the director of Enter the Dragon and Golden Harvest revived Lee's unfinished film Game of Death. Lee had shot over 100 minutes of footage, including out-takes, for Game of Death before shooting was stopped to allow him to work on Enter the Dragon. In addition to Abdul-Jabbar, George Lazenby, Hapkido master Ji Han-Jae and another of Lee's students, Dan Inosanto, were also to appear in the film, which was to culminate in Lee's character, Hai Tien (clad in the now-famous yellow track suit) taking on a series of different challengers on each floor as they make their way through a five-level pagoda. In a controversial move, Robert Clouse finished the film using a look-alike and archive footage of Lee from his other films with a new storyline and cast, which was released in 1978. However, the cobbled-together film contained only fifteen minutes of actual footage of Lee (he had printed many unsuccessful takes)[69] while the rest had a Lee look-alike, Kim Tai Chung, and Yuen Biao as stunt double. The unused footage Lee had filmed was recovered 22 years later and included in the documentary Bruce Lee: A Warrior's Journey.[70]
Apart from Game of Death, other future film projects were planned to feature Lee at the time. In 1972, after the success of The Big Boss and Fist of Fury, a third film was planned by Raymond Chow at Golden Harvest to be directed by Lo Wei, titled Yellow-Faced Tiger. However, at the time, Lee decided to direct and produce his own script for Way of the Dragon instead. Although Lee had formed a production company with Raymond Chow, a period film was also planned from September–November 1973 with the competing Shaw Brothers Studio, to be directed by either Chor Yuen or Cheng Kang, and written by Yi Kang and Chang Cheh, titled The Seven Sons of the Jade Dragon.[71] Lee had also worked on several scripts himself. A tape containing a recording of Lee narrating the basic storyline to a film tentatively titled Southern Fist/Northern Leg exists, showing some similarities with the canned script for The Silent Flute (Circle of Iron).[72] Another script had the title Green Bamboo Warrior, set in San Francisco, planned to co-star Bolo Yeung and to be produced by Andrew Vajna who later went on to produce First Blood.[65] Photo shoot costume tests were also organized for some of these planned film projects.
Physical fitness and nutrition[link]
Physical fitness[link]
Lee was renowned for his physical fitness and vigorous, dedicated fitness regimen to become as strong as he possibly could.
After his match with Wong Jack Man in 1965, Lee changed his approach toward martial arts training. Lee felt that many martial artists of his time did not spend enough time on physical conditioning. Lee included all elements of total fitness—muscular strength, muscular endurance, cardiovascular endurance, and flexibility. He tried traditional bodybuilding techniques to build bulky muscles or mass. However, Lee was careful to admonish that mental and spiritual preparation was fundamental to the success of physical training in martial arts skills. In Tao of Jeet Kune Do, he wrote
Training is one of the most neglected phases of athletics. Too much time is given to the development of skill and too little to the development of the individual for participation. ... JKD, ultimately is not a matter of petty techniques but of highly developed spirituality and physique.[73]
The weight training program that Lee used during a stay in Hong Kong in 1965 placed heavy emphasis on his arms. At that time he could perform single biceps curls at a weight of 70 to 80 lb (about 32 to 36 kg) for three sets of eight repetitions, along with other forms of exercises, such as squats, push-ups, reverse curls, concentration curls, French presses, and both wrist curls and reverse wrist curls.[74] The repetitions he performed were 6 to 12 reps (at the time). While this method of training targeted his fast and slow twitch muscles, it later resulted in weight gain or muscle mass, placing Lee a little over 160 lb (about 72 kg). Lee was documented as having well over 2,500 books in his own personal library, and eventually concluded that "A stronger muscle, is a bigger muscle", a conclusion he later disputed.[75] Bruce forever experimented with his training routines to maximise his physical abilities and push the human body to its limits. He employed many different routines and exercises including skipping rope, which served his training and bodybuilding purposes effectively.[76]
Lee believed that the abdominal muscles were one of the most important muscle groups for a martial artist, since virtually every movement requires some degree of abdominal work. Mito Uyehara recalled that "Bruce always felt that if your stomach was not developed, then you had no business doing any hard sparring". According to Linda Lee Cadwell, even when not training, Lee would frequently perform sit ups and other abdominal exercises in domestic living throughout the day, such as during watching TV. She said of Lee, "Bruce was a fanatic about ab training. He was always doing sit-ups, crunches, Roman chair movements, leg raises and V-ups".[77]
Lee trained from 7 am to 9 am, including stomach, flexibility, and running, and from 11 am to 12 pm he would weight train and cycle. A typical exercise for Lee would be to run a distance of two to six miles in 15 to 45 minutes, in which he would vary speed in 3–5 minute intervals. Lee would ride the equivalent of 10 miles (about 16 kilometres) in 45 minutes on a stationary bike.[78][79]
Lee would sometimes exercise with the jump rope and put in 800 jumps after cycling. Lee would also do exercises to toughen the skin on his fists, including thrusting his hands into buckets of harsh rocks and gravel. He would do over 500 repetitions of this on a given day.[80] An article of the S. China Post writes "When a doctor warned him not to inflict too much violence on his body, Bruce dismissed his words. 'the human brain can subjugate anything, even real pain' —Bruce Lee".[81]
Physical feats[link]
Lee's phenomenal fitness allowed him to perform numerous exceptional physical feats:[82][83]
- Lee's speed in terms of reacting + punching from a distance of three feet away was determined to be around five hundredths of a second (0.05 second); from five feet away it was around eight hundredths of a second (0.08 second).[84][85][86]
- Lee could take in one arm a 75 lb barbell from a standing position with the barbell held flush against his chest and slowly stick his arms out locking them, holding the barbell there for several seconds.[87]
- In a speed demonstration, Lee could snatch a dime off a person's open palm before they could close it, and leave a penny behind.[88]
- Lee performed one-hand push-ups using only the thumb and index finger.[83][89]
- Lee performed 50 reps of one-arm chin-ups.[90]
- Lee could cause a 300-lb (136.08 kg) bag to fly towards and thump the ceiling with a sidekick.[83]
- Lee held an elevated v-sit position for 30 minutes or longer.[82]
Nutrition[link]
According to Linda Lee Cadwell, soon after he moved to the United States, Lee started to take nutrition seriously and developed an interest in health foods, high-protein drinks and vitamin and mineral supplements. He later concluded that in order to achieve a high-performance body, one could not fuel it with a diet of junk food, and with "the wrong fuel" one's body would perform sluggishly or sloppily.[91] Lee also avoided baked goods and refined flour, describing them as providing calories which did nothing for his body.[92]
Lee consumed green vegetables and fruit every day. He always preferred to eat Chinese or other Asian food because he loved the variety that it had. Some of Lee's favorite Chinese dishes were beef in oyster sauce, tofu and steak and liver.[93] He also became a heavy advocate of dietary supplements, including Vitamin C, Lecithin granules, bee pollen, Shilajit, Vitamin E, rose hips (liquid form), wheat germ oil, Acerola – C and B-Folia.[94]
Lee disliked dairy food although he felt that for building muscle he must consume milk. As a result he only ate dairy as part of cereals and protein drinks, usually using powdered milk instead of fresh milk. Lee's diet included protein drinks; he always tried to consume one or two daily, but discontinued drinking them later on in his life. They typically included non-instant powdered milk which is reported to have a higher concentration of calcium than other forms of powdered milk, eggs, wheat germ, peanut butter, banana, brewers yeast for its B vitamins, and Inositol and Lecithin supplements.[95] Linda Lee recalls Bruce Lee's waist fluctuated between 26 and 28 inches (66 to 71 centimetres). "He also drank his own juice concoctions made from vegetables and fruits, apples, celery, carrots and so on, prepared in an electric blender", she said.[citation needed]
According to Lee, the size of portions and number of meals were just as important. He would usually consume four or five smaller meals a day rather than a couple of large meals, and would boost his metabolism by eating small healthy snacks such as fruits throughout the day.[95] Fruit and vegetables provided him with the richest source of carbohydrates; he was particularly keen on carrots which would make up one half of the contents of the drink, with the remaining being split between the other fruits and vegetables. The reason why Lee was so keen on juicing vegetables and fruits is that he believed it allowed the body to assimilate many nutrients more easily. The enzymes in the juiced vegetables acting as organic catalysts which increase the metabolism and absorption of nutrients. Given that most of these enzymes are destroyed when vegetables are cooked, Lee would try to consume them raw.[96]
Lee often consumed a drink of royal jelly and ginseng as they contain B-complex vitamins, including a high concentration of vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) and vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), acetylcholine, hormones, and eighteen amino acids which allow for a quick energy boost.[96] In traditional Chinese medicine, ginseng is also said to improve circulation, increase blood supply, allow quicker recovery times after exhaustion and stimulating the body.[97] In addition, Lee regularly drank black tea, often with honey or with milk and sugar.[98]
Philosophy[link]
Lee is best known as a martial artist, but he also studied drama and philosophy while a student at the University of Washington. He was well-read and had an extensive library. His own books on martial arts and fighting philosophy are known for their philosophical assertions, both inside and outside of martial arts circles. His eclectic philosophy often mirrored his fighting beliefs, though he was quick to claim that his martial arts were solely a metaphor for such teachings. He believed that any knowledge ultimately led to self-knowledge, and said that his chosen method of self-expression was martial arts.[99] His influences include Taoism, Jiddu Krishnamurti, and Buddhism.[100] On the other hand, Lee's philosophy was very much in opposition to the conservative world view advocated by Confucianism.[101] John Little states that Lee was an atheist. When asked in 1972 about his religious affiliation, he replied, "none whatsoever".[102] Also in 1972, he was asked if he believed in God, and he responded, "To be perfectly frank, I really do not".[99]
The following quotations reflect his fighting philosophy.
- "Be formless... shapeless, like water. Now you put water into a cup, it becomes the cup. You pour water into a bottle; it becomes the bottle. You put water into a teapot; it becomes the teapot. Now water can flow, or creep or drip or crash! Be water, my friend..."[103]
- "All types of knowledge, ultimately leads to self knowledge"[104]
- "Use only that which works, and take it from any place you can find it".[105]
- "Do not deny the classical approach, simply as a reaction, or you will have created another pattern and trapped yourself there".[106]
- "Quick temper will make a fool of you soon enough".[107]
- "I always learn something, and that is: to always be yourself. And to express yourself, to have faith in yourself. Do not go out and look for a successful personality and duplicate him".[108]
- "It's not the daily increase but daily decrease. Hack away at the unessential".[109]
Poetry[link]
Lee’s erudition expanded in any field that required pure human expression. Aside from martial arts and philosophy which focus on the physical aspect; and self consciousness for truths and principles[110] . He also wrote poetry that reflected his emotion and a stage in his life collectively[111] . Many forms of art remain concordant with the artist creating them. Lee’s principal of self-expression was applied to his poetry as well. His daughter Shannon Lee said “He did write poetry, he was really the consonant artist”[112] .His poetic works originally handwritten on paper, later on edited and published. John Little being the major author (editor), for Bruce Lee’s works. Linda Lee Cadwell (Bruce Lee’s wife) shared her husbands notes, poems and experiences with followers. She mentioned “Lee’s poems are, by American standards, rather dark-reflecting the deeper, less exposed recesses of the human psyche”[113] . Most of Bruce Lee’s poems are categorized as anti-poetry or fall into a paradox. The mood in his poems show the side of the man that can be compared with other poets such as Robert Frost, one of many well known poets expressing himself with dark poetic works. The paradox taken from the Yin and Yang symbol in martial arts, also integrated in his poetry. His martial arts, and philosophy contribute a great part to his poetry. The free verse form of Lee’s poetry reflect his famous quote “Be formless... shapeless, like water.” [114]
Bruce Lee’s poems:
- Rain, Black Clouds [115]
- Down The Western Hill [116]
- The Dying Sun [117]
- Love Is a Friendship Caught on Fire [118]
- Once More I Hold You in My Arms [119]
- All Streams Flowing East or West [120]
- Boating on Lake Washington [121]
- For a Moment [122]
- Walking Along the Bank of Lake Washington [123]
- Night Rain [124]
- Our Togetherness Is Like a Sweet Dream [125]
- The Surroundings Utter No Sound [126]
- It Is Spring [127]
- Things I See [128]
- The Humming Bird [129]
- The Frost [130]
- The Falling Leaf [131]
- Though the Night Was Made for Loving [132]
- The Silent Flute [133]
- Since You Left [134]
- Parting [135]
Death[link]
On 10 May 1973, Lee collapsed in Golden Harvest studios while doing dubbing work for the movie Enter the Dragon. Suffering from seizures and headaches, he was immediately rushed to Hong Kong Baptist Hospital where doctors diagnosed cerebral edema. They were able to reduce the swelling through the administration of mannitol. These same symptoms that occurred in his first collapse were later repeated on the day of his death.[136]
On 20 July 1973, Lee was in Hong Kong, to have dinner with former James Bond star George Lazenby, with whom he intended to make a film. According to Lee's wife Linda, Lee met producer Raymond Chow at 2 pm at home to discuss the making of the film Game of Death. They worked until 4 pm and then drove together to the home of Lee's colleague Betty Ting Pei, a Taiwanese actress. The three went over the script at Ting's home, and then Chow left to attend a dinner meeting.[137][138]
Later Lee complained of a headache, and Ting gave him an analgesic (painkiller), Equagesic, which contained both aspirin and the muscle relaxant meprobamate. Around 7:30 pm, he went to lie down for a nap. When Lee did not turn up for dinner, Chow came to the apartment but could not wake Lee up. A doctor was summoned, who spent ten minutes attempting to revive him before sending him by ambulance to Queen Elizabeth Hospital. Lee was dead by the time he reached the hospital.[139]
There was no visible external injury; however, according to autopsy reports, his brain had swollen considerably, from 1,400 to 1,575 grams (a 13% increase). Lee was 32 years old. The only substance found during the autopsy was Equagesic. On 15 October 2005, Chow stated in an interview that Lee died from an allergic reaction to the muscle relaxant (meprobamate) in Equagesic, which he described as a common ingredient in painkillers. When the doctors announced Lee's death officially, it was ruled a "death by misadventure".[140][141]
Don Langford, Lee's personal physician in Hong Kong, had treated Lee during his first collapse. Controversy erupted when he stated, "Equagesic was not at all involved in Bruce's first collapse".[142]
Donald Teare, a forensic scientist recommended by Scotland Yard who had overseen over 1,000 autopsies, was assigned to the Lee case. His conclusion was "death by misadventure" caused by an acute cerebral edema due to a reaction to compounds present in the combination medication Equagesic.[143]
The preliminary opinion of Peter Wu, the neurosurgeon who saved Lee's life during his first seizure, was that the cause of death should have been attributed to either a reaction to cannabis or Equagesic. However, Wu later backed off from this position, stating that:
- "Professor Teare was a forensic scientist recommended by Scotland Yard; he was brought in as an expert on cannabis and we can't contradict his testimony. The dosage of cannabis is neither precise nor predictable, but I've never known of anyone dying simply from taking it."[142]
Lee's wife Linda returned to her hometown of Seattle, and had him buried at lot 276 of Lakeview Cemetery.[144] Pallbearers at his funeral on 31 July 1973 included Taky Kimura, Steve McQueen, James Coburn, Chuck Norris, George Lazenby, Dan Inosanto, Peter Chin, and Lee's brother Robert.
Lee's iconic status and untimely demise fed many theories about his death, including murder involving the triads and a supposed curse on him and his family.[145] Black Belt magazine in 1985 carried the speculation that the death of Bruce Lee in 1973 may have been caused by "a delayed reaction to a Dim Mak strike he received several weeks prior to his collapse".
Legacy[link]
Certified instructors[link]
Bruce Lee personally certified only three instructors. Taky Kimura, James Yimm Lee, and Dan Inosanto. Inosanto holds the 3rd rank (Instructor) directly from Bruce Lee in Jeet Kune Do, Jun Fan Gung Fu, and Bruce Lee's Tao of Chinese Gung Fu. Taky Kimura holds a 5th rank in Jun Fan Gung Fu. James Yimm Lee held a 3rd rank in Jun Fan Gung Fu. Ted Wong holds 2nd rank in Jeet Kune Do certified directly by Bruce Lee and was later promoted to Instructor under Dan Inosanto; feeling that Bruce would have wanted to promote him. Other Jeet Kune Do instructors since Lee's death have been certified directly by Dan Inosanto, some with remaining Bruce Lee signed certificates.
James Yimm Lee, a close friend of Lee, died without certifying additional students apart from Gary Dill who studied Jeet Kune Do under James and received permission via a personal letter from him in 1972 to pass on his learning of JKD to others. Taky Kimura, to date, has certified only one person in Jun Fan Gung Fu: his son Andy Kimura. Dan Inosanto continued to teach and certify select students in Jeet Kune Do for over 30 years, making it possible for thousands of martial arts practitioners to trace their training lineage back to Bruce Lee. Prior to his death, Lee told his then only two living instructors Kimura and Inosanto (James Yimm Lee had died in 1972) to dismantle his schools.
Both Taky Kimura and Dan Inosanto were allowed to teach small classes thereafter, under the guideline "keep the numbers low, but the quality high". Bruce also instructed several World Karate Champions including Chuck Norris, Joe Lewis, and Mike Stone. Between the three of them, during their training with Bruce they won every karate championship in the United States.[146]
In Japan, Junichi Okada is a certified Japanese instructor in Jeet Kune Do.[147]
Hong Kong legacy[link]
There are a number of stories (perhaps apocryphal) surrounding Lee that are still repeated in Hong Kong culture. One is that his early 70s interview on the TVB show Enjoy Yourself Tonight cleared the busy streets of Hong Kong as everyone was watching the interview at home.
On 6 January 2009, it was announced that Bruce's Hong Kong home (41 Cumberland Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong) will be preserved and transformed into a tourist site by philanthropist Yu Pang-lin.[148][149]
Awards and honours[link]
Main article: List of awards and honors received by Bruce Lee
Bruce Lee was named by Time Magazine as one of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century.[6]
Martial arts lineage[link]
Lee was trained in Wu Tai Chi Chuan (also known as Ng-ga) and Jing Mo Tam Tui for the twelve sets. Lee was trained in the martial arts Choy Li Fut, Western Boxing, Épée fencing, Judo, Praying Mantis Kung-fu, Hsing-I, and Jujitsu.
When Bruce arrived in the US he (already) had training in Wu Style Tai Chi, sometimes in Hong Kong called Ng-ga. And he had of course training in western boxing. He had training in fencing from his brother, that's Epee, that goes from toe to head. He had training obviously in Wing Chun. And the other area was the training he had received in Buk Pie, or Tam Toi, he was twelve sets in Tam Toi. And I believe he had traded with a Choy Li Fut man.—Danny Inosanto[150]
| Lineage in Wing Chun / Jeet Kune Do | |
| Wing Chun teacher | Yip Man (葉問) |
| Other instructors | Wong Shun Leung (黃惇樑) |
| Sparring partner and friend | Hawkins Cheung |
| Bruce Lee (李小龍) Founder of Jeet Kune Do |
|
| Instructors personally certified by Bruce Lee to teach Jeet Kune Do | Taky Kimura James Yimm Lee Dan Inosanto |
| Notable students of Jun Fan/Gung Fu/Jeet Kune Do | Brandon Lee Jesse Glover Steve Golden Larry Hartsell Dan Inosanto Yori Nakamura Peter Nguyen Taky Kimura Richard Bustillo Jerry Poteet Ted Wong James Yimm Lee Rusty Stevens Chuck Norris[151] Kareem Abdul-Jabbar James Coburn Joe Lewis Roman Polanski Lee Marvin Stirling Silliphant Steve McQueen Mike Stone |
Media[link]
Main article: Media about Bruce Lee
Books authored[link]
- Chinese Gung-Fu: The Philosophical Art of Self Defense (Bruce Lee's first book) – 1963
- Tao of Jeet Kune Do (Published posthumously) – 1973
- Bruce Lee's Fighting Method (Published posthumously) – 1978
Selected filmography[link]
For a complete list of Bruce Lee's filmography see
Main article: Bruce Lee filmography
Films[link]
| Year | Film | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1969 | Marlowe | Winslow Wong | |
| 1971 | The Big Boss | Cheng Chao-an | Also known as Fists of Fury |
| 1972 | Fist of Fury | Chen Zhen | Also known as The Chinese Connection |
| The Way of the Dragon | Tang Lung | Also known as Return of the Dragon | |
| 1973 | Enter the Dragon | Lee | Released posthumously |
| 1978 | Game of Death | Billy Lo | Released posthumously |
| 1981 | Game of Death II | Billy Lo | Released posthumously (Stock footage) |
Television[link]
| Year | Series | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1966 | The Green Hornet | Kato | 26 episodes, 1966–1967 |
| Batman | Kato | 3 episodes, 1966–1967 | |
| 1967 | Ironside | Leon Soo | Episode: "Tagged for Murder" |
| 1969 | Blondie | Karate Instructor | Episode: "Pick on Someone Your Own Size" |
| Here Come the Brides | Lin | Episode: "Marriage Chinese Style" | |
| 1970 | Enjoy Yourself Tonight | Himself | 2 episodes, 1970–1972 (Hong Kong) |
| 1971 | Longstreet | Li Tsung | 4 episodes, 1971 |
| The Pierre Berton Show | Himself | Interview |
Games[link]
| Year | Game | Platform | Publisher |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1983 | Bruce Lee | Atari 8-bit family, MSX, ZX Spectrum, Amstrad CPC, BBC Micro, C64, MS-DOS, Apple II series | Datasoft Inc |
| 1989 | Bruce Lee Lives | MS-DOS | The Software Toolworks |
| 1993 | Dragon: The Bruce Lee Story | Sega Genesis, Game Gear, Atari Jaguar, Sega Master System, Super NES | Acclaim Entertainment |
| 2002 | Bruce Lee: Quest of the Dragon | Xbox | Universal Interactive Inc. |
| 2003 | Bruce Lee: Return of the Legend | Game Boy Advance | Universal Interactive |
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ Chu, Karen (26 June 2011). "Proposed Bruce Lee Museum Shelved in Hong Kong". The Hollywood Reporter. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/proposed-bruce-lee-museum-shelved-205740.
- ^ a b "Awards, Honors, Achievements, and Activities". Los Angeles: Bruce Lee Foundation. http://www.bruceleefoundation.com/index.cfm?pid=10384. Retrieved 7 June 2010.
- ^ "The Voice of Asian American- Chinese American Hero: Bruce Lee". http://www.asianweek.com/2009/05/08/chinese-american-hero-bruce-lee/. Retrieved 8 May 2009.
- ^ "Bruce Lee: The Immortal Dragon Documentary". http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iwLr4B6k6V8.
- ^ "Jun Fan Jeet Kune Do". Bruce Lee Foundation. http://www.bruceleefoundation.com/index.cfm?pid=10606.
- ^ a b c Stein, Joel (14 June 1999). "Bruce Lee: With nothing but his hands, feet and a lot of attitude, he turned the little guy into a tough guy". The Time 100. New York. http://205.188.238.181/time/time100/heroes/profile/lee01.html. Retrieved 7 June 2010.
- ^ "From Icon to Lifestyle, the Marketing of Bruce Lee". The New York Times. 11 December 2009. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/12/business/global/12iht-lee.html. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
- ^ "Bruce Lee’s 70th birth anniversary celebrated". The Hindu (India). 30 November 2010. http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article923515.ece?homepage=true. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
- ^ Lee 1989, p. 41
- ^ "Bruce Lee inspired Dev for martial arts". The Times of India. 1 July 2010. http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-07-01/news-interviews/28300963_1_martial-arts-dev-patel-bruce-lee. Retrieved 3 June 2011. [dead link]
- ^ "How Bruce Lee changed the world-Series". The Hindu (India). 29 May 2011. http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/article2058091.ece. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
- ^ Dennis 1974
- ^ a b c "Biography". Bruce Lee Foundation. http://www.bruceleefoundation.com/index.cfm/page/About-Bruce-Lee/pid/10378. Retrieved 7 June 2010.
- ^ This description of the parent's racial makeup is the wording of Bruce Lee's brother, Robert, at minute mark 3:35 in the cable television documentary, First Families: Bruce Lee, which premiered on Fox Family on October 26, 1999.
- ^ a b "Kom Tong Hall at 7 Castle Road, Mid-levels, Hong Kong". People's Republic of China. http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/147meeting/AAB-46%20Annex%20B.pdf. Retrieved 12 September 2010.
- ^ "Bruce Lee: Biography". Bruce-lee.ws. http://www.bruce-lee.ws/about_bruce_lee.html. Retrieved 22 January 2010.
- ^ 振藩; Mandarin Pinyin: Zhènfán)Lee 1989
- ^ Lee 1989, p. 20
- ^ a b c Bruce Lee: the immortal Dragon, 29 January 2002, A&E Television Networks
- ^ Lee, Grace (1980). Bruce Lee The Untold Story. United States: CFW Enterprise.
- ^ "Kom Tong Hall and the Dr Sun Yat-sen Museum". People's Republic of China. 10 January 2005. http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/History/en/pspecial_8.php. Retrieved 12 September 2010.
- ^ Thomas 1994, p. 14
- ^ a b Black Belt: Bruce Lee Collector's Edition Summer 1993
- ^ Black Belt: Bruce Lee Collector's Edition Summer 1993, p. 18
- ^ Thomas 1994, p. 26
- ^ Sharif 2009, p. 56
- ^ Black Belt: Bruce Lee Collector's Edition Summer 1993 p. 19
- ^ Campbell 2006, p. 172
- ^ Burrows, Alyssa (2002). "Bruce Lee". HistoryLink. http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=3999. Retrieved 30 May 2008.
- ^ "U. of Washington alumni records". Washington.edu. http://www.washington.edu/alumni/columns/dec99/j_o.html. Retrieved 22 January 2010.
- ^ Little 2001, p. 32
- ^ Thomas 1994, p. 42
- ^ "WING CHUN GUNG FU". Hardcore JKD. http://hardcorejkd.com/wing_chun.php. Retrieved 30 May 2008.
- ^ Bishop 2004, p. 23
- ^ Thomas 1994, p. 81
- ^ a b "2007 Long Beach International Karate Championship". Long Beach International Karate Championship. http://www.longbeachikc.com/. Retrieved 30 May 2008.
- ^ "Two Finger Pushup". Maniac World. http://www.maniacworld.com/bruce_lee_3.htm. Retrieved 30 May 2008.
- ^ Vaughn 1986, p. 21
- ^ Nilsson, Thomas (May 1996). "With Bruce Lee: Taekwondo Pioneer Jhoon Rhee Recounts His 10-Year Friendship With the "Dragon"". Black Belt Magazine 34 (5): 39–43. http://books.google.com/books?id=H9oDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA39&lpg=PA39&dq=#v=onepage&q=&f=false. Retrieved 19 November 2009.
- ^ Uyehara 1993, p. 27
- ^ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cbt9Xfs1-bo
- ^ Thomas 1994, p. 27
- ^ a b c Bruce Lee: The Immortal Dragon, 29 January 2002, A&E Television Networks
- ^ Official cc 01596 Karate vol2 no 2 fall 1995 GCR publishing group, p. 60
- ^ a b Glover 1976, p. 41
- ^ a b BlackBelt Magazine Jan 1994, p. 24
- ^ Glover 1976, p. 44
- ^ a b c d e f Glover 1976, p. 45
- ^ Thomas 1994, p. 45
- ^ a b c Dorgan 1980
- ^ Black Belt: Bruce Lee Collector's Edition, Summer 1993 Rainbow Publications Inc, p. 117
- ^ Bruce Lee: Curse of the Dragon, 1993 Warner Bros. Tom Kuhn Fred Weintraub
- ^ Little 1997, p. 167
- ^ Vaughn 1986, p. 153
- ^ Little 1997, p. 168
- ^ McNary, Dave (15 April 2010). "Bruce Lee's 'Flute' heads to bigscreen – Entertainment News, Film News, Media". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118017805.html?categoryid=13&cs=1. Retrieved 22 February 2011.
- ^ From The Pierre Berton Show 9 December 1971 (comments at 7:10 of part 2)
- ^ Lee 1975a
- ^ Bleecker, Tom (1996). Unsettled Matters. The Life & Death of Bruce Lee. Gilderoy Publications
- ^ "From Grasshopper to Caine, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PlYdp1BVOlw
- ^ From The Pierre Berton Show 9 December 1971 (comments near end of part 2 & early in part 3)
- ^ Tale of the Dragon (Channel 4), directed by Jess Search
- ^ Lee 1989
- ^ Thomas, B. (1994) Bruce Lee Fighting Spirit. Berkley: Frog Ltd.
- ^ a b Thomas, B. (2003) Bruce Lee Fighting Words. Berkley: Frog Ltd.
- ^ Enter the Dragon at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ "Inflation Calculator". Bureau of Labor Statistics. http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/cpicalc.pl. Retrieved 30 May 2008.
- ^ Stein, Joel (14 June 1999). "The Gladiator BRUCE LEE". TIME: p. 3. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,991260-3,00.html. Retrieved 29 August 2010.
- ^ Bruce Lee, the Legend, 1977, Paragon Films, Ltd., 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment
- ^ Bruce Lee: A Warrior's Journey at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ "Shaw Brothers Film Project". http://www.fortunecity.com/lavender/friday/155/id47.htm. Retrieved 6 January 2011.
- ^ Bruce Lee The Man & The Legend (Documentary, Golden Harvest, 1973)
- ^ "Martial Art Disciplines at Hybrid Martial Arts Academy". Hybrid Martial Art. http://www.hybridmartialart.com/Martial%20Art%20Overview/Martial_%20Arts_%20Overview.html. Retrieved 30 May 2008. [dead link]
- ^ Lee 1989, p. 70
- ^ Little 1998, p. 24
- ^ Lee 2008, p. 8
- ^ Lee 2008, p. 483
- ^ Uyehara, Mito. "Feats". Bruce Lee: The Divine Wind. http://www.bruceleedivinewind.com/feats.html. Retrieved 30 May 2008.
- ^ Thomas 1994, p. 63
- ^ Campbell 2003, p. 58
- ^ Bruce Lee: Curse of the Dragon, 1993 Warner Bros. Tom Kuhn Fred Weintraub
- ^ a b The Intercepting Fist (DVD). Sterling Ent. 31 May 2001.
- ^ a b c Little 1998, p. 22
- ^ Glover 1976, pp. 53–54
- ^ Glover's times from three feet were between 0.11 to 0.18 second. From a distance like five feet they were in the low twentiesGlover 1976, p. 54
- ^ Little 1998, p. 21
- ^ Little 1998, pp. 12, 22
- ^ Little 1997, p. 71
- ^ Little 1997, p. 82
- ^ Little 1998, p. 108
- ^ Little 1998, p. 162
- ^ Little 1998, p. 163
- ^ Little 1998, p. 165
- ^ Little 1998, p. 168
- ^ a b Little 1998, p. 166
- ^ a b Little 1998, p. 169
- ^ "Ginseng (American ginseng, Asian ginseng, Chinese ginseng, Korean red ginseng, Panax ginseng: Panax spp., including P. ginseng C.C. Meyer and P. quinquefolius L., excluding Eleutherococcus senticosus)". Nlm.nih.gov. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/natural/patient-ginseng.html. Retrieved 22 February 2011.
- ^ Little 1998, p. 170
- ^ a b Little 1996, p. 122
- ^ Bruce Lee: A Warrior's Journey at 31m45s
- ^ Bolelli 2008, p. 161
- ^ Little 1996, p. 128
- ^ Little 1997b, p. 138
- ^ Little 1998, p. 14
- ^ Thomas 1994, p. 44
- ^ Lee 1975, p. 25
- ^ Little 1997a, p. 31
- ^ Little 1997a, p. 349
- ^ Little 2002, p. 190
- ^ Lee, Bruce (1996). John Little. ed (in English). The Warrior Within. Martial arts-Philosophy: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-8092-3194-8.
- ^ Lee, Bruce; Linda Lee Cadwell (1999). John Little. ed (Book). Bruce Lee Artist of Life. Tuttle. pp. 93-116. ISBN 978-0-8048-3263-2.
- ^ Lee, Shannon. "Bruce Lee's Poetry: Shannon Lee reads one of her father's handwritten poems". Poetry. http://www.brucelee.com/index.cfm/page/Bruce-Lee-s-Poetry---Shannon-Lee-reads-one-of-her-father-s-handwritten-poems/pid/10277/cdid/10363. Retrieved April 17, 2012.
- ^ Lee, Bruce; Linda Lee Cadwell (1999). "Part 4 Poetry". In John Little (Book). Bruce Lee Artist of Life. Martial Arts: Tuttle. pp. 92. ISBN 978-0-8048-3263-2.
- ^ Lee, Bruce (1996). "Five: The Running Water". In John Little (in English) (Book). The Warrior Within. Martial arts-Philosophy: McGraw-Hill. pp. 43. ISBN 0-8092-3194-8.
- ^ Lee, Bruce (1999). "4-A". In John Little (Book). Bruce Lee Artist of Life. Martial Arts: Tuttle. pp. 93. ISBN 978-0-8048-3263-2.
- ^ Lee, Bruce (1999). "4-B". In John Little (Book). Bruce Lee Artist of Life. Martial Arts: Tuttle. pp. 94. ISBN 978-0-8048-3263-2.
- ^ Lee, Bruce (1999). "4-C". In John Little (Book). Bruce Lee Artist of Life. Martial Arts: Tuttle. pp. 95. ISBN 978-0-8048-3263-2.
- ^ Lee, Bruce (1999). "4-D". In John Little (Book). Bruce Lee Artist of Life. Martial Arts: Tuttle. pp. 96. ISBN 978-0-8048-3263-2.
- ^ Lee, Bruce (1999). "4-E". In John Little (Book). Bruce Lee Artist of Life. Martial Arts: Tuttle. pp. 97. ISBN 978-0-8048-3263-2.
- ^ Lee, Bruce (1999). "4-F". In John Little (Book). Bruce Lee Artist of Life. Martial Arts: Tuttle. pp. 98. ISBN 978-0-8048-3263-2.
- ^ Lee, Bruce (1999). "4-G". In John Little (Book). Bruce Lee Artist of Life. Martial Arts: Tuttle. pp. 99. ISBN 978-0-8048-3263-2.
- ^ Lee, Bruce (1999). "4-H". In John Little (Book). Bruce Lee Artist of Life. Martial Arts: Tuttle. pp. 100. ISBN 978-0-8048-3263-2.
- ^ Lee, Bruce (1999). "4-I". In John Little (Book). Bruce Lee Artist of Life. Martial Arts: Tuttle. pp. 101. ISBN 978-0-8048-3263-2.
- ^ Lee, Bruce (1999). "4-J". In John Little (Book). Bruce Lee Artist of Life. Martial Arts: Tuttle. pp. 102. ISBN 978-0-8048-3263-2.
- ^ Lee, Bruce (1999). "4-K". In John Little (Book). Bruce Lee Artist of Life. Martial Arts: Tuttle. pp. 103. ISBN 978-0-8048-3263-2.
- ^ Lee, Bruce (1999). "4-L". In John Little (Book). Bruce Lee Artist of Life. Martial Arts: Tuttle. pp. 104. ISBN 978-0-8048-3263-2.
- ^ Lee, Bruce (1999). "4-M". In John Little (Book). Bruce Lee Artist of Life. Martial Arts: Tuttle. pp. 106. ISBN 978-0-8048-3263-2.
- ^ Lee, Bruce (1999). "4-N". In John Little (Book). Bruce Lee Artist of Life. Martial Arts: Tuttle. pp. 107. ISBN 978-0-8048-3263-2.
- ^ Lee, Bruce (1999). "4-O". In John Little (Book). Bruce Lee Artist of Life. Martial Arts: Tuttle. pp. 108. ISBN 978-0-8048-3263-2.
- ^ Lee, Bruce (1999). "4-P". In John Little (Book). Bruce Lee Artist of Life. Martial Arts: Tuttle. pp. 110. ISBN 978-0-8048-3263-2.
- ^ Lee, Bruce (1999). "4-Q". In John Little (Book). Bruce Lee Artist of Life. Martial Arts: Tuttle. pp. 111. ISBN 978-0-8048-3263-2.
- ^ Lee, Bruce (1999). "4-R". In John Little (Book). Bruce Lee Artist of Life. Martial Arts: Tuttle. pp. 112. ISBN 978-0-8048-3263-2.
- ^ Lee, Bruce (1999). "4-S". In John Little (Book). Bruce Lee Artist of Life. Martial Arts: Tuttle. pp. 113. ISBN 978-0-8048-3263-2.
- ^ Lee, Bruce (1999). "4-T". In John Little (Book). Bruce Lee Artist of Life. Martial Arts: Tuttle. pp. 114. ISBN 978-0-8048-3263-2.
- ^ Lee, Bruce (1999). "4-U". In John Little (Book). Bruce Lee Artist of Life. Martial Arts: Tuttle. pp. 116. ISBN 978-0-8048-3263-2.
- ^ Thomas 1994
- ^ Campbell 2006, p. 205
- ^ Lee 1989, pp. 156–157
- ^ Bruce Lee: The Immortal Dragon at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ Campbell 2006, p. 206
- ^ "Bruce Lee died of seizure?". The Hindu (India). 26 February 2006. http://www.hindu.com/2006/02/26/stories/2006022605431400.htm. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
- ^ a b Thomas 1994, p. 228
- ^ Thomas 1994, p. 209
- ^ Lakeview Cemetery website. Search for Lee. Only use last name.
- ^ Bishop 2004, p. 157
- ^ Little 2001, p. 211
- ^ "V6 Okada Junichi now a martial arts instructor". Tokyo Hive. 2010-09-10. http://www.tokyohive.com/2010/09/v6-okada-junichi-now-a-martial-arts-instructor/. Retrieved 2012-01-15.
- ^ "Bruce Lee's home to become a museum". The Hollywood Reporter. 6 January 2009. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/film/news/e3i7b57851228481ca584da06e5f92020f5. Retrieved 28 August 2010. [dead link]
- ^ "Bruce Lee 35th anniversary". The Hindu (India). 19 July 2008. http://www.hindu.com/2008/07/19/stories/2008071956432000.htm. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
- ^ Bruce Lee's Jeet Kune Do, 1995 Legacy Productions, New Zealand.
- ^ Lee 1989, p. 83
- Bibliography
- Bishop, James (2004). Bruce Lee: Dynamic Becoming. Dallas: Promethean Press. ISBN 0-9734054-0-6.
- Bolelli, Daniele (2008). On the Warrior's Path. Blue Snake Books. ISBN 1-58394-219-X. http://books.google.com/?id=Xf4FWvx2mwMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=On+the+Warrior%27s+Path.+Blue#v=onepage&q&f=true.
- Campbell, Sid (2003). The Dragon and the Tiger: The Birth of Bruce Lee's Jeet Kune Do. 1 (illustrated ed.). Frog Books. ISBN 1-58394-089-8. http://books.google.ca/books?id=O0-SOx2NT6AC&lpg=PP1&dq=The%20Dragon%20and%20the%20Tiger%3A%20The%20Birth%20of%20Bruce%20Lee's%20Jeet%20Kune%20Do&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true.
- Campbell, Sid (2006). Remembering the master (illustrated ed.). Blue Snake Books. ISBN 1-58394-148-7. http://books.google.ca/books?id=iqVutksWfJkC&lpg=PP1&dq=Remembering%20the%20master&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true.
- Dennis, Felix (1974). Bruce Lee, King of Kung-Fu (illustrated ed.). Wildwood House. ISBN 0-7045-0121-X.
- Dorgan, Michael (1980). Bruce Lee's Toughest Fight. EBM Kung Fu Academy. http://www.kungfu.net/brucelee.html. Retrieved 27 December 2009.
- Glover, Jesse R. (1976). Bruce Lee Between Win Chun and Jeet Kune Do. Unspecified vendor. ISBN 0-9602328-0-X.
- Lee, Bruce (1975). Tao of Jeet Kune Do (reprint ed.). Ohara Publications. ISBN 0-89750-048-2.
- Lee, Bruce (2008). M. Uyehara. ed. Bruce Lee's Fighting Method: The Complete Edition (illustrated ed.). Black Belt Communications. ISBN 0-89750-170-5.
- Lee, Linda (1975a). Bruce Lee: the man only I knew. Warner Paperback Library. ISBN 0-446-78774-4.
- Lee, Linda (1989). The Bruce Lee Story. United States: Ohara Publications. ISBN 0-89750-121-7. http://books.google.ca/books?id=2NAuMRjSUSIC&lpg=PP1&dq=The%20Bruce%20Lee%20Story&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true.
- Little, John (2001). Bruce Lee: Artist of Life. Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 0-8048-3263-3. http://books.google.ca/books?id=DHwyG1puViUC&lpg=PP1&dq=Bruce%20Lee%3A%20Artist%20of%20Life&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true.
- Little, John (1996). The Warrior Within – The philosophies of Bruce Lee to better understand the world around you and achieve a rewarding life (illustrated ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-8092-3194-8.
- Little, John (1997). Words of the Dragon: Interviews 1958–1973 (Bruce Lee). Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 0-8048-3133-5. http://books.google.ca/books?id=wg_A0aBLg_IC&lpg=PP1&dq=Words%20of%20the%20Dragon%3A%20Interviews%201958%E2%80%931973%20(Bruce%20Lee)&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true.
- Little, John (1997a). Jeet Kune Do: Bruce Lee's Commentaries on the Martial Way (illustrated ed.). Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 0-8048-3132-7. http://books.google.ca/books?id=aWPlUuZievMC&lpg=PP1&dq=Jeet%20Kune%20Do%3A%20Bruce%20Lee's%20Commentaries%20on%20the%20Martial%20Way&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true.
- Little, John (1997b). The tao of gung fu: a study in the way of Chinese martial art. Bruce Lee Library. 2 (illustrated ed.). Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 0-8048-3110-6. http://books.google.ca/books?id=4rGwRp_yxtkC&lpg=PP1&dq=The%20tao%20of%20gung%20fu%3A%20a%20study%20in%20the%20way%20of%20Chinese%20martial%20art&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true.
- Little, John (1998). Bruce Lee: The Art of Expressing the Human Body. Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8048-3129-1. http://books.google.ca/books?id=UysOWSloKBgC&lpg=PP1&dq=Bruce%20Lee%3A%20The%20Art%20of%20Expressing%20the%20Human%20Body&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true.
- Little, John (2002). Striking Thoughts: Bruce Lee's Wisdom for Daily Living (illustrated ed.). Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 0-8048-3471-7. http://books.google.ca/books?id=Ag7l22WypssC&lpg=PP1&dq=Striking%20Thoughts%3A%20Bruce%20Lee's%20Wisdom%20for%20Daily%20Living&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true.
- Sharif, Sulaiman (2009). 50 Martial Arts Myths. new media entertainment ltd. ISBN 0-9677546-2-3. http://books.google.ca/books?id=BrttF8DY3JcC&lpg=PP1&dq=50%20Martial%20Arts%20Myths&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true.
- Thomas, Bruce (1994). Bruce Lee: Fighting Spirit : a Biography. Berkeley, California: Frog, Ltd.. ISBN 1-883319-25-0. http://books.google.ca/books?id=yE1HsGFasGYC&lpg=PP1&dq=Bruce%20Lee%3A%20Fighting%20Spirit%20%3A%20a%20Biography&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true.
- Thomas, Bruce (2006). Immortal Combat: Portrait of a True Warrior (illustrated ed.). Blue Snake Books. ISBN 1-58394-173-8. http://books.google.ca/books?id=tfhV-DlgoyQC&lpg=PP1&dq=Immortal%20Combat%3A%20Portrait%20of%20a%20True%20Warrior&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true.
- Uyehara, Mitoshi (1993). Bruce Lee: the incomparable fighter (illustrated ed.). Black Belt Communications. ISBN 0-89750-120-9.
- Vaughn, Jack (1986). The Legendary Bruce Lee. Black Belt Communications. ISBN 0-89750-106-3. http://books.google.ca/books?id=D8d_YjWV9k4C&lpg=PP1&dq=The%20Legendary%20Bruce%20Lee&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true.
- Yılmaz, Yüksel (2000). Dövüş Sanatlarının Temel İlkeleri, İstanbul, Turkey: Beyaz Yayınları, ISBN 975-8261-87-8.
- Yılmaz, Yüksel (2008). Jeet Kune Do'nun Felsefesi, İstanbul, Turkey: Yalın Yayıncılık, ISBN 978-9944-313-67-4.
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Bruce Lee |
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Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Bruce Lee |
- Bruce Lee Foundation
- Bruce Lee at the Internet Movie Database
- Bruce Lee at the Hong Kong Movie DataBase
- Bruce Lee at AllRovi
- Bruce Lee at Rotten Tomatoes
- Sijo Bruce Lee
- Bruce Lee Interview
- Article on Bruce Lee and bodybuilding
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Lee, Bruce |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Martial artist |
| Date of birth | 27 November 1940 |
| Place of birth | San Francisco, United States |
| Date of death | 20 July 1973 |
| Place of death | Hong Kong |
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Sugar Ray Leonard (born May 17, 1956) is an American retired professional boxer and occasional actor. He was named Ray Charles Leonard, after his mother's favorite singer, Ray Charles. Leonard was the first boxer to earn more than $100 million in purses, won world titles in five weight divisions and defeated future fellow International Boxing Hall of Fame inductees Wilfred Benítez, Thomas Hearns, Roberto Durán and Marvin Hagler. Leonard was named "Boxer of the Decade" for the 1980s.
Leonard, the fifth of seven children, was born in Rocky Mount, North Carolina to Cicero and Getha Leonard. He grew up in Wilmington, N.C. When he was three, the family moved to Washington, D.C. When he was ten, they settled permanently in Palmer Park, Maryland. His father worked as a supermarket night manager, his mother was a nurse.
Leonard was a shy child, and aside from the time he nearly drowned in a creek during a Seat Pleasant flood, his childhood was uneventful. He stayed home a lot, reading comic books and playing with his dog. "He never did talk too much," his mother said. "We never could tell what he was thinking. But I never had any problems with him. I never had to go to school once because of him."
