Framingham is a New England town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 68,318 as of the United States 2010 Census. [1]
Framingham, sited on the ancient trail known as the Old Connecticut Path, was first settled when John Stone settled on the west bank of the Sudbury River in 1647. In 1660, Thomas Danforth, an official of the Bay Colony, formerly of Framlingham, Suffolk, received a grant of land at "Danforth's Farms" and began to accumulate over 15,000 acres (61 km2). He strenuously resisted petitions for incorporation of the town, which was officially incorporated in 1700, following his death the previous year. Why the "L" was dropped from the new town's name is not known. The first church was organized in 1701, the first teacher was hired in 1706, and the first permanent schoolhouse in 1716.
On February 22, 1775, the British general Thomas Gage sent two officers and an enlisted man out of Boston to survey the route to Worcester, Massachusetts. In Framingham those spies stopped at Buckminster's Tavern. They watched the town militia muster outside the building, impressed with the men's numbers but not their discipline. Though "the whole company" came into the tavern after their drill, the officers managed to remain undetected and continued on their mission the next day.[2] Gage did not order a march along that route, instead ordering troops to Concord, Massachusetts on April 18–19. Framingham sent two militia companies totaling about 130 men into the Battles of Lexington and Concord that followed; one of those men was wounded.[3]
In the years prior to the American Civil War, Framingham was an annual gathering-spot for members of the Abolitionist movement. Each Independence Day from 1854 to 1865, the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society held a rally in a picnic area called Harmony Grove near what is now downtown Framingham. At the 1854 rally, William Lloyd Garrison burned copies of the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850, judicial decisions enforcing it, and the United States Constitution. Other prominent Abolitionists present that day included William Cooper Nell, Sojourner Truth, Wendell Phillips, Lucy Stone, and Henry David Thoreau.[4]
During the post–World War II baby boom, Framingham, like many other suburban areas, experienced a large increase in population and housing. Much of the housing constructed during that time consisted of split-level and ranch-style houses.
Framingham is known for the Framingham Heart Study, as well as for the Dennison Manufacturing Company, which was founded in 1844 as a jewelry and watch box manufacturing company by Aaron Lufkin Dennison, who became the pioneer of the American System of Watch Manufacturing at the nearby Waltham Watch Company. His brother, Eliphalet Whorf Dennison, developed the company into a sizable industrial complex, which merged in 1990 into Avery Dennison, with headquarters in Pasadena, California, and active corporate offices in the town.
In the year 2000, Framingham celebrated its Tercentennial.
The first syllable of the name is pronounced with a long a; that is, the name of the town is pronounced exactly like the two words "framing" and "ham."
Framingham is located at 42°17′59″N 71°25′35″W / 42.29972°N 71.42639°W / 42.29972; -71.42639 (42.299795, -71.426627).[5]
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 26.4 square miles (68.5 km²). 25.1 square miles (65.1 km²) of it is land and 1.3 square miles (3.4 km²) of it (4.99%) is water.[5]
Framingham is located in eastern Massachusetts, 20 miles (32 km) west of Boston, mid-way between Boston and Worcester. It is bordered by Southborough and Marlborough on the west; Sherborn and Ashland on the south; Natick on the east; Wayland on the northeast; and Sudbury on the north.
The town of Framingham is divided by Route 9, which passes east-to-west through the middle of the town. South Framingham includes Downtown Framingham (the town government seat), and the villages of Coburnville, Lokerville and Salem End Road. North Framingham includes the villages of Nobscot, Pinefield, Ridgefield and Saxonville plus Framingham Center (the physical center of town, featuring the town commons).
| Historical populations |
| Year |
Pop. |
±% |
| 1850 |
4,252 |
— |
| 1860 |
4,227 |
−0.6% |
| 1870 |
4,968 |
+17.5% |
| 1880 |
6,235 |
+25.5% |
| 1890 |
9,239 |
+48.2% |
| 1900 |
11,302 |
+22.3% |
| 1910 |
12,948 |
+14.6% |
| 1920 |
17,033 |
+31.5% |
| 1930 |
22,210 |
+30.4% |
| 1940 |
23,214 |
+4.5% |
| 1950 |
28,086 |
+21.0% |
| 1960 |
44,526 |
+58.5% |
| 1970 |
64,048 |
+43.8% |
| 1980 |
65,113 |
+1.7% |
| 1990 |
64,989 |
−0.2% |
| 2000 |
66,910 |
+3.0% |
| 2010 |
68,318 |
+2.1% |
* = population estimate.
Source: United States Census records and Population Estimates Program data.[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] |
As of the census of 2010,[16] there were 68,318 people, 27,529 households, and 16,573 families residing in the town. The population density was 2,663.6 people per square mile (1,028.4/km²). There were 26,734 housing units at an average density of 2,728.6 per square mile (410.9/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 65.3% White, 5.8% Black, 0.8% Native American, 6.3% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 6.27% from other races, and 3.38% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13.4% of the population. (Source: 2010 Census Quickfacts)
There were 26,153 households out of which 29.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, 10.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.6% were non-families. 28.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 3.02.
In the town the population was spread out with 21.4% under the age of 18, 9.0% from 18 to 24, 34.5% from 25 to 44, 22.1% from 45 to 64, and 13.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 91.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.6 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $54,288, and the median income for a family was $67,420. Males had a median income of $46,122 versus $35,941 for females. The per capita income for the town was $27,758. About 8.0% of families and 16.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.4% of those under age 18 and 6.1% of those age 65 or over.
Brazilian immigrants have a major presence in Framingham.[17][18][19][20] Since the 1980s, a large segment of the Brazilian population has come from the single city of Governador Valadares.[21]
Framingham is one of the few towns in Massachusetts that has met its legal requirement of 10% for Massachusetts Chapter 40B Affordable housing which mostly targets people with income levels in the 70% of median income. In addition to its 40B Affordable component, Framingham has a large percentage of rental units which target people in the 30% of median income bracket. Framingham has a much larger percentage of rental households than any of the surrounding towns. Statewide, the median income of rental households is 47% of the median for homeowners, and in Middlesex County it is slightly more than 50%. In Framingham, the median renter income of $33,626 is 45% of the median homeowner income of $75,040.[22]
Housing in South Framingham is mainly single family houses on lots of less than 0.5 acres (2,000 m2),[23] multi-family homes or apartments. Additionally much of the town's affordable housing is located south of Route 9. However there a large number of large, single family homes around Salem End Road on the West Side of South Framingham. This region is often overlooked as being in South Framingham because the area is physically separated from most of the South Side due to a series of reservoirs and the Sudbury River.[24] Also, there are many large Victorian houses located along the shores of Learned and Gleason Ponds, and along Concord St. and Union Ave. near Downtown Framingham. Additionally, the West Side of South Framingham along Route 9 has several large tracts of multi story apartment buildings that comprise a major part of the town's apartment stock.[25][26][27]
North Framingham was originally mostly farmland and gave way to large tracts of single family housing on lots of over 0.5 acres (2,000 m2) after World War II. The village of Saxonville on the east side is an old mill area that consists of many Victorian homes, and is undergoing a large expansion of over six hundred new homes on a former gravel pit. The village of Nobscot on the western side has many homes that are valued above mean housing prices for the region. While there are several small apartment complexes on the North Side, most have been converted to condominiums. In the 1950s and 1960s, the villages of Nobscot, Pinefield and Saxonville all had a large number of slab and raised ranch-style houses constructed by the Campanelli Company. These homes are classic cookie-cutter style homes that feature the same general shape and floor plan; while there are six or seven styles of the houses, the large majority of which are referred to Campanelli "L" ranches because their floor plan resembles the letter "L". At the time of construction, these homes were considered by many to be the epitome of the American dream of homeownership; today they are viewed as more modest homes.
Today, most of Framingham has been developed with the exception of some parcels in the northwest quadrant. In this part of town there are more people with wells and septic systems, combined with a large amount of ledge, which prevents most of the unbuilt land from being developed.
Framingham's government is similar to the structure of other New England town governments. In Framingham, the Board of Selectmen act as the executive branch. They set policy and hire a Strong Town Manager who manages government services. A representative Town Meeting serving as the legislative branch.
The Framingham School Department can trace its roots back to 1706 when the town hired its first school master, Deacon Joshua Hemenway. While Framingham had its first school master, it did not get its own public school building until 1716. The first high school, the Framingham Academy, opened its doors in 1792; however this school was eventually closed due financing issues and the legality of the town providing funds for a private school. The first town operated high school opened in 1852 and has been in operation continuously in numerous location throughout the town.[28]
Framingham has thirteen public schools which are part of the Framingham Public School District.[29] This includes Framingham High School, three middle schools (Walsh, Fuller, and Cameron), eight elementary schools (Barberi, Brophy, Dunning, Hemenway, McCarthy, Potter Road, Stapleton, Woodrow Wilson) and the Blocks Pre-School.[29] The school district's main offices are located in the Fuller Administration Building on Flagg Drive[30] with additional offices at the King School on Water Street. The town also has a regional vocational high school[31] and one regional charter school.[32] Framingham is also home to several private schools, including Summit Montessori School, the Sudbury Valley School, three parochial schools, including Marian High School, one Jewish day school, and several specialty schools.
Since 1998, Framingham upgraded its schools, it replaced the former Cameron school with a completely new school and performed major renovations to Wilson, McCarthy and Framingham High School. Two public school buildings that were mothballed due to financial issues or population drops have been leased to the Metrowest Jewish Day School (at the former Juniper Hill Elementary) and Mass Bay Community College (at the former Farley Middle school). Several schools that were no longer being used were sold off, including Lincoln, Roosevelt and Washington.
Framingham has three colleges, including Framingham State University and Massachusetts Bay Community College's Framingham Campus.
Framingham is located approximately halfway between Worcester, the commercial center of Central Massachusetts, and Boston, New England's leading port and metropolitan area. Rail and highway facilities connect these major centers and other communities in the Greater Boston Metropolitan Area.[33]
Framingham is served by one Interstate and four state highways:
| Route number |
Type |
Local name |
Direction |
 Interstate 90 |
Interstate, limited access toll road |
The Massachusetts Turnpike |
east/west |
 Route 9 |
State route, divided highway |
Worcester Rd.
The Boston/Worcester Turnpike, Ted Williams Highway |
east/west |
 Route 30 |
State route, partial divided highway |
Cochituate Rd., Worcester Rd. and Pleasant St. |
east/west |
 Route 126 |
State route, primary road |
Old Connecticut Path, School St, Concord St. and Hollis St. |
north/south |
 Route 135 |
State route, primary road |
Waverly St. |
east/west |
- Direct rail service to Boston and Chicago via Amtrak's Lake Shore Limited, as well as to all other points on the Amtrak network via a connection in another city.
- MBTA commuter rail service is available to South Station and Back Bay Station, Boston, via the MBTA Framingham-Worcester Commuter Rail Line which connects South Station in Boston and Union Station in Worcester. Travel time to Back Bay Station is 42–45 minutes. It was formerly called the Framingham Commuter Rail Line, as Framingham was the end of the line until rail traffic was expanded to Worcester in 1996.[34] The line also serves the communities of Newton, Wellesley, Natick, Ashland, Southborough, Westborough and Grafton.[35]
- CSX provides freight rail service and operates an auto transloading facility in Framingham.
- MassPort operates the Logan Express[36] bus service seven days per week providing direct connect service Logan Airport. The bus terminal and paid parking facility are located on the Shoppers' World Mall property, off the Massachusetts Turnpike exit 13, between Route 9 and Route 30.
- Peter Pan Bus Lines provides service to Worcester, New York and Boston.
- The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA), provides THE RIDE, a paratransit service for the elderly and disabled.
- The MetroWest Regional Transit Authority (MWRTA)[37] operates a regional bus service which provides service to other local routes connecting the various regions of town and fixed route public bus lines servicing multiple communities in the MetroWest region, including the towns of Ashland, Holliston, Hopkinton, Milford, Marlborough, Sudbury, Sherborn, Natick and Weston.[38][39]
- LimoLiner provides service to New York City.
Park and ride services:[40]
- MassDOT operates a free park and ride facility at the parking lot at the intersection of Flutie Pass and East Road on the south side of Shoppers' World Mall.[41]
- MassDOT also operates a free park and ride facility at a parking lot adjacent to exit 12 of the Massachusetts Turnpike, across from California Avenue on the west side of Framingham.[42]
Framingham has two taxi companies, Tommy's Taxi and Town Taxi, and several limousine companies that service the area.
Framingham's economy is predominantly derived from retail and office complexes. There are scatterings of small manufacturing facilities and commercial services such as plumbing, mechanical and electrical expected to be found in communities of its size. Framingham has three major business districts within the town, The "Golden Triangle," Downtown/South Framingham and West Framingham. Additionally, there are several smaller business hubs in the villages of Framingham Center, Saxonville, Nobscot and along the Route 9 corridor.
The Golden Triangle was originally a three square mile district on the eastern side of Framingham, bordered by Worcester Rd. (Route 9), Cochituate Rd. (Route 30), and Speen Street in Natick. In 1993, the area began to expand beyond the borders of the triangle with construction of a BJ's Wholesale Club and a Super Stop & Shop just north of Route 30.[43] It now includes the original area plus parts of Old Connecticut Path., Concord St. (Route 126), and Speen St. north of Route 30. Because of the size and complexity of this area, Framingham and Natick cooperatively operate it as a single distinct district with similar zoning. The area is one of the largest shopping districts in New England.[citation needed]
The area was formed with the construction of Shoppers World in 1951. Shoppers' World was a large open air shopping mall, the second in the US and the first east of the Mississippi River.[44] The mall drew many other retail construction projects to the area, including Marshalls (1961, rebuilt as Bed, Bath and Beyond 1997),[45] Caldor (1966, Rebuilt as Wal-Mart in 2002),[46] Bradlees (1960s, rebuilt as Kohl's in 2002),[47] the Route 30 Mall (1970),[48] an AMC Framingham 15, the Framingham Mall (1978, rebuilt 2000)[49] and Lowes (formerly the Verizon Building, 2006).[50] Complementary developments in Natick include the Natick Mall (1966, rebuilt in 1991, expanded 2007 & renamed Natick Collection),[51] Sherwood Plaza (1960),[52] Cloverleaf Marketplace (1978)[53] and the Home Depot. In 1994, Shoppers' World was demolished and replaced with a strip mall name Shoppers World.[54] There are also seven hotels and two car dealerships located within the Triangle.
In addition to retail properties, there are large office developments located in the area including several companies headquartered in the triangle; the world headquarters of TJX is located at the junction of Route 30 and Speen St, as is the main office of IDG and IDC. Breyers, Leggat McCall, the American Heart Association, and the American Cancer Society all have facilities in the area. Boston Scientific headquarters is housed in Natick, in the old Carling Brewery building and former Prime parkway complex. There are over a dozen large office complexes located in, and along, the borders of the Triangle.
The Memorial Building, Framingham's town hall
The downtown area is located between the "Y"-shaped traffic circle formed by the intersection of Concord St. and Union Ave. It is known as little Brazil and it is called Memorial Square, to the north and its mirror intersection at the junction of Irving St. and Hollis St. on the south end. The area is bisected by Waverly St. (Route 135) and the MBTA Commuter Rail tracks. The anchoring structure of Downtown is the town hall, The Memorial Building.[55]
South Framingham became the commercial center of the town with the advent of the railroad in the 1880s. It eventually came to house Dennison Manufacturing and the former General Motors Framingham Assembly plant, but the area underwent a financial downturn after the closure of these facilities during the late 1980s.[56] An influx of Hispanic and Brazilian immigrants helped to revitalize the district starting in the early 2000s. Along with Brazilian and Spanish oriented retail shops, there are restaurants, legal and financial services, the town offices and library, an art museum, police headquarters, and the local branch of the Social Security Administration. Several Asian and Indian stores and restaurants add to the rich ethnic flavor of the area, and many small businesses, restaurants and automotive-oriented shops line Waverly St. from Natick in east to Winter St. in the west.[57]
In 2006, the Fitts Market & Hemenway buildings façades underwent a restoration project; these newly renovated structures were awarded a 2006 Massachusetts Historical Commission Preservation Award in the Restoration and Rehabilitation Category.[58] In addition, several retail and housing projects involving the Arcade Building and the former Dennison Building Complex are in the planning stages or under construction.[59][60]
The business section on the West Side of Framingham runs primarily along Route 9, starting at Temple St.; it is dominated by two large office/industrial parks: the Framingham Industrial Park on the north side of Route 9 and the Framingham Technology Park on the south side, both on the Ashland/Southborough border. Bose and Staples Inc both have their world headquarters in these parks,[61] as does convenience store chain Cumberland Farms; in addition, Genzyme, Capital One, CA Technologies, ITT Tech and the local paper, The MetroWest Daily News, all have major facilities located there. Two of Framingham's seven major auto dealerships are also located in West Framingham: Ford and Toyota/Scion.[62][63]
The large tracts of multi-story apartment and condominium complexes line both sides of Route 9 from Temple St. to the industrial parks. These buildings represent the majority of Framingham's multi-family dwellings, and along with the business complexes, helped create a large network of support services on the West Side: Framingham's second Super Stop & Shop supermarket,[64] dozens of restaurants and pubs, Sheraton[65] and Residence Inn by Marriott[66] hotels and a large day-care facility all are in the two-mile (3 km) section of Route 9 from Temple St. to Ashland.
The Common in Framingham Center
Framingham Center is the physical and historic center of town. Formed at the junctions of Worcester Rd. (Route 9), Pleasant St. (Route 30), High St., Main St. and Edgell Rd.[67] the dominating presence is Framingham State University. The school is home to several thousand students, about one third of whom live on campus.[68] In the late 1960s, MassHighway replaced the intersection with an overpass, depressing Route 9 below the local roads, and destroying the south half of the old Center retail district. The remaining half houses several small stores, restaurants, realtors and legal offices. The old Boston and Worcester Street Railway depot, on the east side of the Center, was converted in to a strip mall in the early 1980s and houses the Center Postal Station (01703) and several small stores.[69] The Center is rounded out by One and Two Edgell Rd. (two small retail/office buildings), the historic Village Hall,[70] the Jonathan Maynard Building (a former school converted to an office building which now houses most of the school district's administration), the Framingham History Center (formerly the Framingham Historical Society and Museum),[71] several banks, a Chinese restaurant, the American Medical Response paramedic station and McCarthy Office Building.
The village of Nobscot, located at the intersection of Water St., Edmands Rd. and Edgell Rd., and the Pinefield/Saxonville villages, located where Concord St., Water St., and Central St. intersect,[72][73] are home to several small office buildings, strip malls and gas stations. Saxonville is the home of the former Roxbury Carpet Company buildings, now an industrial park.
In addition, the section of Route 9 from the Route 126 overpass to the Main St./Edgell Rd. beetleback in Framingham Center is heavily developed. Three car dealerships, Acura, Chevrolet and Nissan, several strip malls of varying sizes, many small apartment complexes, several small office complexes and other small shops and restaurants make Route 9 the main commercial thoroughfare in Framingham.
Finally, there are several other small retail areas and facilities spread throughout the town, e.g. near Mt Wayte Ave. and Franklin St.; the intersection of Concord St. and Hartford St.; and along School St., near Hamilton St.
- Hospitals: MetroWest Medical Center (formerly Framingham Union Hospital, also includes Leonard Morse Hospital campus in Natick)
- Long term care facilities:
- Nursing homes: St. Patrick's
- Hospice care:
The Town of Framingham is served by:
Framingham has a Public, educational, and government access (PEG) cable tv channel and local origination television station called Access Framingham (formerly FPAC-TV),[80] that airs on Channel 9 Comcast, Channel 3 RCN and Channel 43 Verizon. Residents can create and produce their own television programs that reflect the personality of the community, and have them cablecast on the Public-access television cable TV channels.
Framingham High School has a student-run television station, FHS-TV, that broadcasts locally; "Flyer News", its morning news program, has won 11 National High School Emmy Awards.
- WXKS (AM 1200) is an AM broadcasting station featuring talk radio programming. Owned by Clear Channel Communications and licensed to Newton, Massachusetts with studios on 99 Revere Beach Parkway in Medford, Massachusetts;[81]
- WSRO (AM 650) is an AM broadcasting station featuring Portuguese-language programming that leases studio and tower space from WXKS. Owned by the Langer Broadcasting Group, LLC and licensed to Natick, Massachusetts with studios on 100 Mount Wayte Ave in Framingham;[81][82]
- WQOM (AM 1060) is an AM broadcasting station featuring business talk radio programming that leases studio and tower space from WXKS. Owned by the Langer Broadcasting Group, LLC and licensed to Ashland, Massachusetts with studios on 100 Mount Wayte Ave in Framingham;[81][83]
- WDJM-FM (91.3 FM) is Framingham State College's FM broadcasting station that features an open format with progressive rock, hip-hop and rap. It is owned by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and is licensed to Framingham, Massachusetts with studios at 100 State St. in Framingham;[84]
- Framingham Amateur Radio Association[85] is the local amateur radio enthusiasts group.
- Telephone poles - The majority of telephone poles serving Framingham are owned by either NStar or Verizon.
- Electrical distribution - Framingham is served by NStar for electricity distribution, customers are free to purchase electricity from individual suppliers.
- Telephone, CATV and data services - The majority of Framingham is served by three vendors that provide telephone, cable TV and internet services. Other smaller or specialized companies provide DSL, ISDN, POTS and CTI services.
- Natural gas - Framingham is served by National Grid's Keyspan division and NStar for piped in natural gas.
- Water and sewer - Framingham is part of the MWRA and the town owns its water and sewer mains. The northwest corner of town, west of Edgell Rd and north of Rte 30, primarily relies on wells and septic systems for private residences.
Framingham features dozens of athletic fields and civic facilities spread throughout the town in schools and public parks.[86] Many of the recreational facilities were constructed by the Civilian Conservation Corps during the New Deal.
- Bowditch Field is the town's main athletic facility. It is located on Union Avenue midway between Downtown and Framingham Center and was the main athletic facility for the town. It houses a large multi-purpose football stadium that included permanent bleachers on both sides of the field. There is still a baseball field, tennis courts, a track and field practice area, and the headquarters of the town Parks Department. Bowditch, along with Butterworth and Winch Parks, were all built during the Great Depression of the 1930s as WPA projects. It ubderwent a complete renovation/reconstruction in 2010.[92][93]
- Butterworth Park is located at the corner of Grant St and Arthur St. The park occupies a square block near downtown. The park has includes a baseball stadium that includes permanent bleachers on one side of the field, a basketball court and a tennis court. There is street parking available on three sides.
- Winch Park is the sister park to Butterworth and is located in Saxonville adjacent to the Framingham High School. It includes a baseball stadium that includes permanent bleachers on one side of the field, a basketball court, tennis courts and two large practice fields used for football, soccer and lacrosse. There are two additional multi-use fields located on the other side of the high school's gymnasium building.
- Callahan State Park is a large state park run by the DCR located in North Framingham in the northwest corner of town.[94]
- Cochituate State Park on Lake Cochituate has a small section in Framingham where Saxonville Beach is located on the north western shore of the lake.[95]
- Danforth Park located on Danforth Street, not far from the Wayland town line. The small park has playground with a half basketball court and a small baseball/kickball field.
- Framingham Common is located in Framingham Center in front of the old Town Hall along Edgell Rd and Vernon St. It features the town Christmas Tree and an outdoor stage used for concerts and other fair weather events. It is a favorite of the students of Framingham State College, and the site of their annual graduation ceremonies.[96]
- Cushing Park on the South Side is a passive recreational area. The Framingham Peace and 9/11 Memorials are located within the park across the street from Farm Pond, along with the Cushing Chapel. After WWII ended, this land used to be the Cushing Veterans Hospital.[97]
- Long Athletic Complex On the south side of Framingham, near downtown the complex is the host of three little league baseball diamonds (Carter, Tusconi, Merloni), two Babe Ruth baseball fields (one being Long field), a softball field, outdoor basketball court, and two concession stands. The complex is surrounded by Keefe Tech High School, Loring Arena, and Barbari Elementary School. All of the fields have lights, and they host almost all of Framingham's Little League games. Long field is the host of JV high school games as well as a majority of the Framingham Babe Ruth games. The concession stands are both non-profit and all the money goes back towards the Framingham baseball league.
- Framingham has about 400 acres (1.6 km2) of land that has been placed into public conservation.[98]
- The Wittenborg Woods was donated to the town in 1999 by Harriet Wittenborg. The properties were originally purchased from Henry Ford in the 1940s. Henry Ford owned all of the land around the Wayside Inn in nearby Sudbury, and Harriet (and her husband) were required to interview with Mr. Ford to determine if they would be good stewards of the land.[99]
- The Morency Woods is a parcel of land that is physically located in Natick, Massachusetts on the Framingham border, but which is owned by the town of Framingham. This forested land was used as a sewer bed up until the mid 1940s and was placed into conservation in 2001.[100]
- The Sudbury Valley Trustees has approximately 200 acres (0.81 km2) of land in North Framingham and along the Sudbury River in a private conservation trust.[101]
- Garden in the Woods, operated by the New England Wild Flower Society,[102] is a botanical garden that features the largest landscaped collection of native wildflowers in New England. It is located in Nobscot, off of Hemenway Road.
- Framingham Country Club, located along Salem End Road on the South Side, is a private club that features an 18-hole course with 6,580 yards (6,020 m) of golf from the longest tees for a par of 72.
- Millwood Farms Golf Course off Millwood Street is a public 14-hole, par 53 golf course. Originally a 9-hole course, it was expanded to 14 holes in the late 1970s. Attempts to purchase land for a full 18-hole were unsuccessful.
- Nobscot Mountain Reservation is a private facility owned by the Knox Trail Council[103] of the Boy Scouts of America and is open to the public during most of the year.
- The town has several public beaches including Saxonville beach on Lake Cochituate, Washakum Beach on Lake Washakum, and the beach at Learned Pond.
- The former Cushing hospital grounds serve as walking, biking, rollerblading and picnic areas.
- Farm Pond, located in South Framingham, once used to host Fourth of July Fireworks, now serves as a picnic area.
- Edward F. Loring Skating Arena,[104] located near Farm Pond at the corner of Fountain and Dudley Roads, is a municipal skating arena for area groups on a rental basis and public skating and stick time is available September through April.
Crispus Attucks, from Framingham, was the first person to be killed in the fight for American independence.
- Ron Burton, former NFL running back for the Boston Patriots, 1960 to 1965
- Roger Clemens, Major League Baseball pitcher for the Boston Red Sox, 1984 to 1996
- Carl Corazzini, NHL Hockey Player, Boston Bruins, Chicago Blackhawks, Detroit Red Wings, Edmonton Oilers
- Rich Gedman, former Major League Baseball catcher for the Boston Red Sox, 1980 to 1990
- Toby Kimball, NBA player for the Boston Celtics, San Diego Rockets, Milwaukee Bucks, Kansas City Kings, Philadelphia 76ers, and the New Orleans Jazz[106]
- Lou Merloni, Major League Baseball player for the Boston Red Sox, 1998 to 2003
- John Stagikas, pro wrestler
- Mark Sweeney, Major League Baseball player
- Pie Traynor, former Major League Baseball player, now in the Major League Baseball Hall of Fame
- Kevin Nee, Professional Strongman. Youngest man ever to become professional Strongman.
- Ezra Ames (1768–1836), portrait painter in the 18th–19th centuries[107]
- Anthony Barbieri, comedy writer
- Daniel Belknap (1771-1815), composer
- Michael J. Clouse, songwriter, music producer
- Nancy Dowd, Academy Award winning screenwriter for Coming Home (1978)
- Alexander Rice Esty, (1826–1881) architect of New England churches
- Ginger Fish, member of Marilyn Manson
- Dr. Solomon Carter Fuller, a pioneering African-American in the field of psychology and Alzheimer's disease
- Meta Vaux Warrick Fuller, Prominent African-American sculptor and artist from the 1920s
- David Hayes - Music Director of The Philadelphia Singers, Director of Orchestral and Conducting Studies at Mannes College The New School for Music
- Og Mandino (1923-1996) author
- Joe Maneri (1927–2009), noted classical composer and jazz improviser
- Christa McAuliffe, teacher, astronaut killed in the Challenger disaster
- Jo Dee Messina, Country music singer
- Gordon Mumma, composer
- Katie Piper, Two-time BET 'Diva of the Year'
- Edward Lewis Sturtevant, botanist, scientist, author
- Louis C.K Comedian
- Nancy Travis actress
- Rob Urbinati stage director, playwright
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- ^ "1890 Census of the Population". Department of the Interior, Census Office. Pages 179 through 182. Massachusetts Table 5. Population of States and Territories by Minor Civil Divisions: 1880 and 1890. http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/41084506no553ch2.pdf. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
- ^ "1870 Census of the Population". Department of the Interior, Census Office. 1872. Pages 217 through 220. Table IX. Population of Minor Civil Divisions, &c. Massachusetts. http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1870e-05.pdf. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
- ^ "1860 Census". Department of the Interior, Census Office. 1864. Pages 220 through 226. State of Massachusetts Table No. 3. Populations of Cities, Towns, &c.. http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1860a-08.pdf. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
- ^ "1850 Census". Department of the Interior, Census Office. 1854. Pages 338 through 393. Populations of Cities, Towns, &c.. http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1850c-11.pdf. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
- ^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
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- ^ Historic time line of Framingham on Framingham.com
- ^ a b Framingham Public School District Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education
- ^ Contact Information Framingham Public School District
- ^ South Middlesex Regional Vocational Technical Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education
- ^ Christa McAuliffe Regional Charter Public (District) Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education
- ^ Department of Housing and Community Development
- ^ "Changes to Transit Service in the MBTA district" (PDF). http://www.transithistory.org/roster/MBTARouteHistory.pdf.
- ^ "MBTA Map of Commuter Rail service in Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Rhode Island". http://www.mbta.com/schedules_and_maps/rail/.
- ^ "Logan Express Framingham". http://www.massport.com/massport/gtu/Logan%20Express%20Lines/Framingham.aspx.
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- ^ "Lift Bus routes and schedules". http://www.framinghamma.org/planning_dept/lift_Routes_sched.htm.
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- ^ "Park & Ride locations in Massachusetts". http://www.ctps.org/bostonmpo/7_links/1_getting_around/1_park_and_ride/park.html.
- ^ "Map showing park and ride lot at Shoppers World". http://www.ctps.org/bostonmpo/7_links/1_getting_around/1_park_and_ride/f/framingham.pdf.
- ^ "Map showing Park & Ride in West Framingham". http://www.ctps.org/bostonmpo/7_links/1_getting_around/1_park_and_ride/f/framingham.pdf.
- ^ "Other Development in the Golden Triangle on Framingham/Natick Retail". http://www.framinghamnatickretail.com/others/index.html.
- ^ "History of Shoppers World on Massmoments.org". http://www.massmoments.org/moment.cfm?mid=288.
- ^ "The Marshals Mall on Framingham/Natick Retail". http://www.framinghamnatickretail.com/marshalls/index.html.
- ^ "Caldor on Framingham/Natick Retail". http://www.framinghamnatickretail.com/caldor/index.html.
- ^ "Bradlees on Framingham/Natick Retail". http://www.framinghamnatickretail.com/bradlees/index.html.
- ^ "History of the Route 30 Mall on Framingham/Natick Retail". http://www.framinghamnatickretail.com/rte30mall/index.html.
- ^ "the Framingham Mall on Framingham/Natick Retail". http://www.framinghamnatickretail.com/framingham/index.html.
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- ^ "Sherwood Plaza on Framingham/Natick Retail". http://www.framinghamnatickretail.com/sherwood/index.html.
- ^ "The Evolution of the Cloverleaf Mall on Framingham/Natick Retail". http://www.framinghamnatickretail.com/cloverleaf/index.html.
- ^ "Bid Adieu Shoppers World". http://framingham.wordpress.com/2007/01/13/bid-adieu-shoppers-world/.
- ^ "Downtown Framingham Economic Development Strategic Plan on Framingham.com". http://www.framingham.com/downtown/dtrevdef.htm.
- ^ "Downtown Revitalization in Framingham plan on STEPPS.com". http://www.stepps.info/downtown.html.
- ^ "Shop Downton Guide on Framingham.com". http://framingham.com/shop/downtown.htm.
- ^ "2006 MHC Preservation Award Winners". http://www.sec.state.ma.us/mhc/mhcpra/prawin.htm.
- ^ "Framingham Arcade reconstruction project designed Beals and Thomas". http://www.bealsandthomas.com/Project/1691framingham.htm.
- ^ "The Residences at Dennison Triangle on Framingham.com". http://www.framingham.com/news/history/new_site_on_historical_society_house_tour.htm.
- ^ "Local Bus Schedule with maps of these Company HQs" (PDF). http://www.framinghamma.org/planning_dept/LIFT_schedule_9_update.pdf.
- ^ "Bernardi Toyota". http://www.bernarditoyota.com/.
- ^ "Framingham Ford". http://www.framinghamford.com/ou/framingham-ford/.
- ^ "Stop and Shop stores in Framingham". http://www.stopandshop.com/cgi-bin/stores.pl.
- ^ "Sheraton Framingham on Sheraton.com". http://www.starwoodhotels.com/sheraton/property/overview/index.html?propertyID=756.
- ^ "Framingham Residence Inn on Marriott.com". http://marriott.com/hotels/travel/bosfm-residence-inn-boston-framingham/.
- ^ "Map of Framingham Center on HomeTownLocator.com". http://www.hometownlocator.com/City/Framingham-Center-Massachusetts.cfm.
- ^ "Framingham State College's home page". http://www.framingham.edu/about_fsc.htm.
- ^ "Boston & Worcester trolley on historicframingham". http://historicframingham.blogspot.com/2009/09/boston-worcester-trolley.html.
- ^ "Village Hall home page". http://www.historicvillagehall.org/.
- ^ "Framingham History Center home page". http://www.framinghamhistory.org/.
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- ^ "Shopping Saxonville on framingham.com". http://www.framingham.com/shop/saxonville.htm.
- ^ "Framingham Online News". http://www.framingham.com/.
- ^ "The MetroWest Daily News". http://www.metrowestdailynews.com/.
- ^ "The Framingham Tab". http://www.framinghamtab.com/.
- ^ "The Boston Globe West regional edition". 2010-08-13. http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/regional_editions/globe_west/.
- ^ "Your Town Framingham". The Boston Globe. 2011-05-17. http://www.boston.com/yourtown/framingham/.
- ^ "Jornal A Semana Brazilian Newspapers". http://www.jornalasemana.com.
- ^ "Access Framingham (formerly FPAC-TV)". http://accessfram.tv.
- ^ a b c "The Boston Radio Dial: WKOX(AM)". The Archives @ BostonRadio.org.. 2007-02-25. http://www.bostonradio.org/stations/20441. Retrieved 2007-09-16.
- ^ "The Boston Radio Dial: WSRO(AM)". The Archives @ BostonRadio.org. 2007-02-25. http://www.bostonradio.org/stations/52398. Retrieved 2007-09-16.
- ^ "The Boston Radio Dial: WBIX(AM)". The Archives @ BostonRadio.org. 2007-02-25. http://www.bostonradio.org/stations/21109. Retrieved 2007-09-16.
- ^ WDJM Staff (2007-09-12). "WDJM 91.3 MySpace page". MySpace.com. http://profile.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=user.viewprofile&friendID=9641521. Retrieved 2007-09-16.
- ^ "Framingham Amateur Radio Association". http://www.fara.org/.
- ^ "Listing of public parks run by the Framingham Parks and Recreation Department". http://www.framinghamma.gov/parks/.
- ^ "Amazing Things Arts Center". http://www.amazingthings.org/.
- ^ "Framingham Community Theater". http://www.civicleague.net/fct.htm.
- ^ "Framingham Historical Society and Museum". http://www.framinghamhistory.org/.
- ^ "The Danforth Museum". http://www.danforthmuseum.org/.
- ^ "Metrowest Youth Symphony Orchestra". http://www.metyso.org/.
- ^ "Framingham's Bowditch Field renovation ready to kick off". The MetroWest Daily News. October 29, 2009. http://www.metrowestdailynews.com/multimedia/x876590436/Framinghams-Bowditch-Field-renovation-ready-to-kick-off. Retrieved 2010-03-02.
- ^ "Bowditch Field Athletic Complex Renovations". http://www.framinghamma.gov/index.aspx?NID=1211.
- ^ "Callahan State Park on the DCR web site". http://www.mass.gov/dcr/parks/northeast/call.htm.
- ^ "Cochituate State Park on the DCR web site". http://www.mass.gov/dcr/parks/northeast/coch.htm.
- ^ "Framingham State College website". http://www.framingham.edu/.
- ^ "Framingham Cultural Directory". http://www.framinghamma.org/Cultural/VenueDetail.aspx?ID=97.
- ^ "Framingham Conservation Land". http://www.framinghamma.gov/web/pages/Public_Lands.html.
- ^ "Wittenborg Woods". http://www.framinghamma.gov/web/pages/Wittenborg_Woods.htm.
- ^ "Arthur-Morency Woods". http://www.framinghamma.gov/web/pages/Morncey%20Woods.html.
- ^ "Map of SVT Properties in Framingham". http://www.sudburyvalleytrustees.org/sitemaps.php?id=framingham.
- ^ "New England Wildflower Society". http://www.newfs.org/.
- ^ "Knox Trail Council". http://www.ktc-bsa.org/.
- ^ "Edward F. Loring Skating Arena". http://www.framinghamma.gov/parks/loringarena.htm.
- ^ Crispus Attucks from Africans in America; Crispus Attucks- The Real Story
- ^ "Toby Kimball Past Stats, Playoff Stats, Statistics, History, and Awards". Databasebasketball.com. http://www.databasebasketball.com/players/playerpage.htm?ilkid=KimbaTo01. Retrieved 2010-03-03.
- ^ Who Was Who in America, Historical Volume, 1607–1896. Marquis Who's Who. 1967.
- ^ "FLAME". framingham.com. http://www.framingham.com/org/flame/index.htm/.
- ^ Mineo, Liz (2007-10-22). "Brazilian delegation coming to MetroWest". The MetroWest Daily News. http://www.metrowestdailynews.com/archive/x1634543905. Retrieved 2008-09-18.
- 1871 Atlas of Massachusetts. by Wall & Gray. Map of Massachusetts. Map of Middlesex County.
- Old USGS maps of Everett.
- Ballard, William, A Sketch of the History of Framingham, published 1827, 71 pages.
- Barry, William, History of Framingham, Massachusetts, published 1847, 456 pages.
- Drake, Samuel Adams (compiler), Volume 1 (A-H), Volume 2 (L-W), published 1879-1880. 572 and 505 pages. Framingham article by Rev. Josiah Howard Temple in volume 1 pages 435-453.
- Parr, James; Swope, Kevin A., Framingham Legends & Lore, History Press, 2009. ISBN 978-1-59629-565-0
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