- published: 24 Feb 2013
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- Abbas Ibn Firnas
- Above mean sea level
- Acinipo
- Alameda, Spain
- Alcalde
- Alcaucín
- Alfarnate
- Alfarnatejo
- Algarrobo, Spain
- Algatocín
- Algeciras
- Alhaurín de la Torre
- Alhaurín el Grande
- Almargen
- Almería
- Almogía
- Almuñécar
- Almáchar
- Alozaina
- Alpandeire, Spain
- Andalusia
- Antequera
- Arabic poetry
- Aracena
- Archidona
- Architect
- Ardales
- Arenas, Málaga
- Arriate
- Assembly of Ronda
- Atajate
- Baeza
- Banu Ifran
- Benadalid
- Benahavís
- Benalauría
- Benalmádena, Spain
- Benamargosa
- Benamocarra
- Benaoján
- Benarrabá
- Bullfighting
- Caliphate of Córdoba
- Campillos
- Canillas de Aceituno
- Canillas de Albaida
- Canyon
- Carratraca
- Cartajima
- Casabermeja
- Casarabonela
- Casares, Málaga
- Cazorla
- Cañete La Real
- Celt
- Chefchaouen
- Chipiona
- Colmenar, Málaga
- Comarcas of Spain
- Comares
- Coín
- Cuenca, Spain
- Cueva de la Pileta
- Cuevas Bajas
- Cuevas de San Mar
- Cuevas del Becerro
- Cádiz
- Cártama
- Cómpeta
- Córdoba, Andalusia
- Córdoba, Spain
- Cútar
- Daniel Deronda
- Daylight saving time
- Demonym
- Dos Hermanas
- Eastern Roman Empire
- El Borge
- El Burgo
- El Pais
- Emirate of Spain
- Endemic (ecology)
- Ernest Hemingway
- Estepona
- Faraján
- Fiesta (novel)
- Fir
- Frigiliana
- Fuengirola
- Fuente de Piedra
- Gaucín
- Genalguacil
- George Eliot
- Giorgio Armani
- Granada
- Grazalema
- Guadalevín
- Guadix
- Guaro, Málaga
- Gustave Doré
- Hemingway
- Huelva
- Humilladero
- Iberian
- Ibn Abbad al-Rundi
- Igualeja
- Istán
- Italy
- Iznate
- Jaén, Spain
- Jerez de la Frontera
- Jimera de Líbar
- Jubrique
- Julius Caesar
- Júzcar
- Leovigild
- Linares, Jaén
- Macharaviaya
- Malaga (province)
- Manilva
- Marbella
- Mijas
- Moclinejo
- Moguer
- Mollina
- Monda
- Montejaque
- Moriscos
- Morocco
- Motril
- Málaga
- Napoleonic Wars
- Neoclassicism
- Neolithic Age
- Nerja
- Ojen
- Ontinyent
- Orson Welles
- Parador
- Parauta
- Peninsular War
- Periana
- Phoenicians
- Pizarra
- Pliny the Elder
- Polymath
- Prosper Mérimée
- Province of Málaga
- Provinces of Spain
- Puente Nuevo
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- Pujerra
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- Rock paintings
- Ronda
- Rota, Cádiz
- Salares
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Acinipo
Acinipo was a city created for retired soldiers from the Roman legions more than 2,000 years ago, about 20 kilometers from Ronda, near Seville, southern Spain. The Acinipo ruins include a Roman theater still in use today. Acinipo is known locally as Ronda la Vieja, Arunda or Old Ronda, though it has a separate origin and history from Ronda.
Some historians assert that Acinipo was created after the battle of Munda (45 BC), fought between the armies of Julius Caesar and the army of Pompey's two sons, Gnaeus and Sextus. To Caesar, Munda was supposed to be a mop-up action after Pompey's main forces were defeated in Greece. But Munda was no mop-up exercise. Tens of thousands of Romans were killed on both sides; there was no decisive victory for Caesar's armies; and one of Pompey's sons, Sextus, fled to fight another day as a famous rebel pirate against Caesar's successor, Augustus.
Some Spanish historians state that Munda is the Roman name for Ronda, where the battle of Munda may have been fought. According to Pliny, the battle of Munda was fought in Osuna, about 50 km north of Ronda in the province of Seville. But there is general agreement that Acinipo was created for retired veterans of Caesar's legions, while Arunda (Ronda) would be a separate Roman outpost, perhaps created before the Munda conflict for the veterans of Pompey's legions.
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Alcaucín
Alcaucin is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. It borders with the province of Granada. The municipality is situated approximately 54 kilometers to the city of Málaga. It is 507 km from the capital of Madrid. The name was derived from al-kautín, the Arabic of "the arches." It has a population of approximately 1,600 residents. Natives of the town are called Alcaucineños and have the nickname of tiznaos.
The village of Alcaucín extends its lands to the north of the Axarquía, between the mountains of Tejeda and the relief of the corridor of Periana. It includes the "Boquete de Zafarraya" and the mountains of Axarquía.
Being in the Sierra de Tejeda, the end is rather abrupt as it passes from the Maroma 2,605 meters to 200 meters in Puente Don Manuel. It has a predominance of dense forest.
In this environment lies one of the richest areas of flora and fauna of the Axarquía. Within the vegetation, the most characteristic feature is the pine forest, which in this case is of Aleppo and is repopulating.
wn.com/Alcaucín -
Alfarnate
Alfarnate is a small village located in the province of Málaga in Andalusia, Spain. It is situated in the comarca of Axarquía. As of 2005, it had a population of 1,398 inhabitants. The village sits at 928 meters above sea level. Alfarnatejo, a neighbouring village, is situated about 3.5 kilometers from Alfarnate.
The town's name seems to come from the Arabic word Al-farnat, meaning flour mill. In fact, it now appears as a documented reference to Alfarnate in the tenth century as a zone of high production of flour. In the neighboring village of Alfarnatejo, two flour mills that operated with water from the stream can still be seen and give an idea of what this area was like at that time.
Alfarnate is usually characterized as a town of Axarquia, but actually it is a part of a border zone between Axarquia and the plain of Antequera. Along with Alfarnatejo, Colmenar and Casabermeja, Alfarnate is part of a sort of transition zone that has been called "Eastern Mountains of Málaga." Administratively it is often included within the Axarquia de Velez region, despite having almost nothing in common with the towns of Axarquía. Alfarnate currently belongs to the jurisdiction of the city of Málaga, a city with which it has almost all commercial relationships with as well as most of the transportation. Traditionally, Alfarnate has maintained most road contact with Malaga, Granada and the nearby city of Loja. It also has a history with nearby towns such as Zafarraya (quas-colonized with Alfarnate in the nineteenth century) and Villanueva del Trabuco.
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Alfarnatejo
Alfarnatejo is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. The municipality is situated approximately 50 km from the city of Málaga. It has a population of approximately 400 residents. The natives are called Tejones and the town's neighbors in Alfarnate are Palancos.
Coordinates: 37°00′N 4°16′W / 37°N 4.267°W / 37; -4.267
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Algatocín
Algatocín is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. The municipality is situated approximately 143 kilometers from Málaga and 30 kilometers from Ronda. It is located in the west of the province in the Valle del Genal, being one of the towns that make up the comarca of the Serrania de Ronda. Its surface area is 20 km2 and has a density of 46.85nbsp;inhabitants/km2. It is situated at an altitude of 725 meters. It has a population of approximately 900 residents.
Algatocín, with an area of 20 square kilometers, lies in the middle of the Valle del Bajo Genal. Its extension goes from the mountains to the river banks of the Genal and is full of hills and vegetation.
Also worth noting is the diversity in the scenery that passes from the rugged mountains to the northwest of the main urban center. There is local foliage near the Genal river until the fertile lands in the hamlet of Salitre.
The municipality shares similar characteristics in terms of flora and fauna with the rest of the Valle del Genal. Highlighting some of them are:
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Algeciras
Algeciras (Spanish pronunciation: [alxeˈθiɾas]) is a port city in the south of Spain, and is the largest city on the Bay of Gibraltar (in Spanish, the Bahía de Algeciras). Port of Algeciras is one of the largest ports in Europe and in the world in three categories: container, cargo and transhipment. It is situated 20 km north-east of Tarifa on the Río de la Miel, which is the southernmost river of the Iberian peninsula and continental Europe. It has a population in 2009 of 116,209 people.
It is the biggest city among its metropolitan area, that also includes the municipalities of Los Barrios, La Línea de la Concepción, Castellar de la Frontera, Jimena de la Frontera, San Roque and Tarifa, with a population of 263,739.
The site of Roman cities called Portus Albus, Caetaria (current Getares) and Iuliua Tracta, the current name of Algeciras comes from the Arab period of the Iberian Peninsula: AlJazīra AlKhadrā' Arabic الجزيرة الخضراء or Green Island.
The area of the city has been populated since prehistory, and the earliest remains belong to Neanderthal populations from the Paleolithic.
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Alhaurín de la Torre
Alhaurín de la Torre is a town in the province of Málaga, Andalusia, in southern Spain. The town is part of Málaga Metropolitan Area and of the comarca of Valle del Guadalhorce. It sits at the entrance to the Guadalhorce valley on the slopes of the Sierra de Mijas mountains, some 17 km from Málaga.
The municipality covers an area of 82 km2 between the Sierra de Mijas and Málaga basin, and is crossed by the river Guadalhorce. It is the most populous municipality in the region of Guadalhorce and third within the province, with 33,567 inhabitants, behind Antequera and Ronda . Alhaurin de la Torre experienced a marked increase of population in the 90s due to the expansion of the metropolitan area of Málaga. The population density is 409.35 inhabitants/km2.
The city was founded by the Phoenicians, mostly from Libya. Since 1991 it has been the headquarters of the Málaga Provincial Prison, just outside the city, which currently is one of the most well-known in Spain, housing some of the special cases of social impact, like the Malaya case amongst others .
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Alhaurín el Grande
Alhaurín el Grande is a town located in the province of Málaga in the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain.
It covers an area of 73.1 km2 extending from the northern slope of the Sierra de Mijas and the plain of the Guadalhorce river, where alternate crops of citrus and other fruit trees orchards are found. The population reaches 23,675 inhabitants, according to 2010 data.
The origin of the name was given by the Arabs, who called it "Alhaurin", where the Catholic Monarchs added "el Grande" to distinguish it from the neighboring town of Alhaurín de la Torre after the conquest of both sites in 1485.
It is situated between the river Fahala and the stream of Blas González. The coast is close by and there is a network of roads to get there. There is a road to Malaga Airport and Torremolinos, which takes about 30 minutes by car. A new road was built in 2010 connecting the town with Fuengirola and the beach which is only 20 minutes drive. There is also another new road to Marbella, to the southwest with Mijas just along a winding road round the mountain. From Alhaurín there is a view over the "Hoya de Málaga", Málaga's vale, full of lemon trees and other fruit trees.
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Almargen
Almargen is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. The municipality is situated approximately 105 kilometers from the capital, Málaga. It is 43.7 km from Ronda and 48.2 km from Antequera. It has a population of approximately 2,100 residents. The natives are called Almargeños.
Almargen is one of the most northwestern towns in the province. It borders the provinces of Seville and Cadiz. It is part of the comarca of Guadalteba, together with the municipalities of Ardales, Campillos, Cañete la Real, Carratraca, Cuevas del Becerro, Sierra de Mares and Teba.
Almargen has a population of 2,136 inhabitants (INE, 2008). Its inhabitants are predominantly engaged in agriculture and livestock, with large herds of swine being important.
Almargen has a landscape border between Serranía de Ronda, the Málaga plain to the north and the countrysides of Seville and Cádiz. It has a rugged terrain towards the mountainous landscape of Cañete la Real, where the road takes advantage of the narrow valley of the Cañada de la Saucedilla and rises until the towns at the gates of the the Serranía. A landscape that contrasts sharply with that of the agricultural plain that stretches around the village of olive groves, corn and sunflower. Beyond the plain landscape it has small rounded hills, which marks the roof of the town more than a hundred feet above the urban center (510 m), in the hills of Salguera (620 m), Galán (612 m) and La Grana (649 m). The latter at the edges of the municipality.
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Almería
Almería (Spanish pronunciation: [almeˈɾi.a]) is a city in Andalusia, Spain, on the Mediterranean Sea. It is the capital of the province of the same name.
Tradition says that the name Almería stems from the Arabic المرية Al-Mariyya: "The Mirror", comparing it to "The Mirror of the Sea". Nowadays, the most accepted interpretation is that it derives from the Arabic term مرأى Al-Mara'ā, which means "The Watchtower".
The city was founded by Calipha Abd-ar-Rahman III of Cordova in 955 AD. It was to be a principal harbour in his extensive domain to strengthen his Mediterranean defences.
Its Moorish castle, the Alcazaba of Almería, is the second largest among the Muslim fortresses of Andalusia, after the Alhambra.
In this period, the port city of Almería reached its historical peak. After the fragmentation of the Caliphate of Córdoba, Almería continued to be ruled by powerful local Muslim Taifa emirs like Jairan, the first independent Emir of Almería and Cartagena, and Almotacin, the poet emir. Both Jairan and Almotacin were fearless warriors, but also sophisticated patrons of the arts. A silk industry, based upon plantings of mulberry trees in the hot, dry landscape of the province, supported Almería in the 11th century and made its strategic harbour an even more valuable asset.
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Almogía
Almogía is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. It is situated approximately 25 km from the city of Málaga, has a population of approximately 4,300 residents and has an economy based on the cutivation of almonds and olives. Positioned within the Montes de Málaga hills, the municpality's highest point is Santi Petri (794m). The district's main watercourses are the River Campanillas and the Arroyos de Cauche and de los Olivos.
Almogía's history stretches back to the remote past. Prehistoric cave paintings have been found within the municipality and remains from a Roman presence have also been uncovered in several locations. However, it was not until the Muslim era that the centre of the modern settlement was built around a castle, known locally today as the "Torre de la Vela", of which very little remains.
In the Muslim period the Moors gave it the name Al-Mexia, which is believed either to derive from a Berber clan known as Al-Mexias or to have meant 'beautiful'.
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Almuñécar
Almuñécar is a municipality in the Spanish Autonomous Region of Andalusia on the Costa Tropical between Nerja (Málaga) and Motril (Granada). It has a subtropical climate. Almuñécar lies in the Province of Granada, and has around 26,000 citizens (2006). Since the death of Francisco Franco in 1975, the town of Almuñécar has become one of the most important tourist towns in Granada and this section of coast is now called the Costa Tropical. Almuñécar has good transport connections and a football (soccer) stadium.
It is an important setting in Laurie Lee's account of the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War, in As I Walked Out One Midsummer Morning, referred to as "Castillo" to disguise people's identities.
Almuñécar's coat of arms, which shows the turbaned heads of three Berber pirates floating in the sea, was granted to the town by King Carlos I in 1526 for having destroyed a Berber raiding force.
Trinidad Herrera is the first woman to be elected mayor of Almuñecar. Although Juan Carlos Benavides' Covergencia Andaluza party won the most popular votes, he failed to form a coalition. The city council elected Herrera, local leader of the Partido Popular, on the 11th of June 2011.
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Almáchar
Almáchar is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. The municipality is situated approximately 35 kilometres from Málaga capital. It has a population of approximately 2,100 residents. It is the capital of the moscatel raisin area. Natives of the area are called Almachareños. Basic data
Size: 14.30 km²
Population: 2,222
Residents known as: Almachareños
Monuments: Church of San Mateo.
Geographical situation: 35 km from Malaga and 14 from Vélez-Málaga, at 200 metres above sea level.
Tourist information: Town Hall, Plaza del Convento, 14. 29718. Phone: 952 512 002 Fax: 952 512 140.
Almáchar is situated in the heart of the Axarquía at 200 metres above sea level, 35 kilometres from Malaga city and 14 from Vélez-Málaga. It is built on a small hill between the El Borge and Almáchar rivers, close to the Mountains of Malaga and surrounded by vineyards, olive and cereal groves.
The municipality extends from the hill of the same name as the town (334 metres high) and the basin of the river Almáchar to the Vallejo peak, at 609 metres high. From the road one can see the typical country houses and areas where the grapes are hung out to dry (and thus become raisins), and the small terraced plots of land with orange and lemon trees growing. The first settlements in the area were made on the river bank, and were built in single or double storeys in rubble masonry, with roof tiles and an interior patio. The most interesting of the winding, narrow streets is calle Los Mártires, sights include the church that was built on the street itself, to maintain its level and a large restored 17th century door visible half way down the street. The church rests on a barrel vault that unites the church with the house in front. There are many interesting nooks and crannies in the town, like the Jardines de El Forte, the Barrio de las Cabras and the Plaza del Santo Cristo, where the interesting Museo de la Pasa is situated.
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Alozaina
Alozaína is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. It is located between Tolox, Casarabonela and Yunquera and in the foothills of the Sierra de las Nieves in its transition to the Hoya de Málaga. The municipality is situated approximately 52 kilometers from Málaga and 41 from the city of Ronda. It has a population of approximately 2,200 residents. Its surface area is 33.85 km2 and has a density of 66.23 inhabitants/km2. It is one of eight pueblo blancos that "guard the Sierra de las Nieves". In the past ten years a transformation has taken place, from a dusty somewhat shabby rural village to a lively community proud of its traditions and enhanced by many new amenities.
Natives of the town are called Pecheros.
Soon to be opened, is a brand new tourist information center.
From the Upper Palaeolithic (Solutrean period) dates a small spindle-shaped idol, which is preserved in the Provincial Museum of Málaga, which also attests to the presence of man during the Neolithic and later periods. From the Neolithic are the remains of the area called "the flat", where there was a village with a very large cemetery, but was devastated and now only 3 graves in good condition remain.
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Andalusia
Andalusia (English /ˌændəˈluːʒə/, /ˌændəˈluːziə/; Spanish: Andalucía [andaluˈθi.a] or [andaluˈsi.a]) is the most populous and the second largest in area of the autonomous communities in Spain. The Andalusian autonomous community is officially recognised as a nationality of Spain. The territory is divided into eight provinces: Almería, Cádiz, Córdoba, Granada, Huelva, Jaén, Málaga and Seville. Its capital is the city of Seville (Spanish: Sevilla).
Andalusia is in the south of the Iberian peninsula, immediately south of the autonomous communities of Extremadura and Castile–La Mancha; west of the autonomous community of Murcia and the Mediterranean Sea; east of Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean; and north of the Mediterranean Sea and the Strait of Gibraltar, which separates Spain from Morocco, and the Atlantic Ocean. The small British overseas territory of Gibraltar shares a three-quarter-mile land border with the Andalusian province of Cádiz at the eastern end of the Strait of Gibraltar.
Andalusia has three major geographic subregions. In the north, the mountainous Sierra Morena separates Andalusia from the plains of Extremadura and Castile–La Mancha on Spain's Meseta Central. South of that, one can distinguish Upper Andalusia, generally the Baetic System, from Lower Andalusia with its Baetic Depression of the valley of the Guadalquivir.
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Antequera
Antequera is a city and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the Spanish autonomous community of Andalusia. It is known as "the heart of Andalusia" (el corazón de Andalucía) because of its central location among Málaga, Granada, Córdoba, and Seville. It is noted for two large Bronze Age dolmens.
In 2011 it had 41,854 inhabitants. It covers an area of 749.34 km2 and a density of 55.85 inhabitants/km2 and is situated at an altitude of 575 meters. For its population, Antequera is the first in the interior of the province and the largest in area. It is the twenty-second largest in Spain . The city is located 45 km from Málaga and 115 km from Córdoba. The cities are connected by a high speed train and the A-45. Antequera is 160 kim from Seville and 102 km from Granada, which is connected by motorway A-92 and in the near future, by high speed, the Transverse Axis Rail .
For its strategic position in communications, with four airports located approximately one hour away and the railway from the Port of Algeciras, Antequera is emerging as an important logistical infrastructure, with several parks, and the new logistics center in Andalusia . In addition, the Vega de Antequera, watered by the river Guadalhorce, is a fertile agricultural area that provides cereals, olive oil and vegetables in abundance .
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Aracena
Aracena is a town and municipality located in the province of Huelva, south-western Spain. As of 2009[update], the city has a population of 7,612 inhabitants.
The Gruta de las Maravillas is located in the town and is one of the most spectacular cave systems in Spain. The caves are located below the hill on which stands Aracena Castle. The caves are said to have been found by a boy looking for a lost pig. Several caverns and lakes are linked by narrow passages. Coloured lighting adds to the effects of the unusual formations of minerals. In the complex is a geological museum.
Other sights in the town include the Priory Church, built over the ruins of a castle in the 12th-15th centuries. The oldest sections are in late Gothic-Mudéjar style. Also in the town is the church of Santa María de la Asunción, built in 1522
Prioral Church of Aracena (frontal view)
Church of Santa María de la Asunción.
Casino of Aracena.
Gruta De Las Maravillas cave.
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Archidona
Archidona is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. It is the center of the comarca of Nororiental de Málaga and the head of the judicial district that bears his name. It earned the title of city in 1901.
It covers an area of 187 km2 extending from the east side of the Hoya of Antequera. The city is located at a height of 666 meters in the foothills of the Sierra de Gracia. With 8,858 inhabitants, Archidona is the most populous municipality in the comarca. The population is concentrated in the main urban centers of the same name and in Salinas, Estación de Archidona and Huertas del Río. The municipality is situated approximately 50 kilometers from the city of Málaga and 20 km from Antequera.
Archaeological finds confirm the presence of settlers in the area from the Lower Paleolithic. The oldest permanent settlement correspond to Escua, founded by the Phoenicians, and Ulisis, inhabited by Turduli and Romans. During the Muslim period, Medina Arxiduna achieved notoriety by becoming the capital of Rayya Cora. In his alcazaba he was proclaimed Emir Abd al-Rahman I in 756, leading to the establishment of the Emirate of Cordoba in al-Andalus. After the Christian conquest in 1462, the town remained under the seigniorial jurisdiction of the House of Osuna.
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Ardales
Ardales is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. The municipality is situated approximately 62.5 kilometres from Málaga.
On the hill above the town is the historic church and higher still are the ruins of the Ardales castle. At the peak of the hill is the hermitage Ermita del Calvario.
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Arriate
Arriate is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. The municipality is situated approximately 120 kilometres (75 mi) from Malaga capital. It has a population of approximately 3600 residents. The natives are called Arriateños.
Long before even Ronda had a name, the Iberians were here, and before them cave dwellers in the hills beside the Rio Guadalcobacin. For about four hundred years, beginning around the 8th Century BC, a complex and lively Iberian settlement existed, comprising at least three related hill forts. Cerro del Coto was particularly suited for the siting of a defensive fort, and archeological finds have confirmed that all of the interacting communities traded with the passing Phoenicians.
On the 14th of February 1630, the villagers paid 352,739 maravedíes in order to buy their independence from Ronda. It was then that it adopted its actual name of Arriate, probabaly taking the name from an estate which had existed since the Arab times. The name Arriate is derived from the Arab term Arriadh, which means "the gardens".
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Atajate
Atajate is a municipality in the province of Málaga in the [[autonomous community] of Andalucia in southern Spain. It is located east of the province in the Genal Valley and is one of the towns that make up the region of the Serrania de Ronda. It is the least populated town in the province of Málaga.
Pieces of polished stone, known as thunder-stones, Neolithic age axes and Copper Age remains of bronze in the Sima de los Tajos. Remains of Roman road track Lacipo-Arunda and coins. Visigoths remains - burial in the Montecillo. Muslim remains in the Port of Jimera, El Llano and Huerta Nueva. Remains of the unpopulated village of Audalázar, now in the municipality of Alpandeire. In 1496 Atajate was part of the Lordship of Ronda (Prince Don Juan) - Realengo estate lands. In 1499 became part of the Crown of Castile and Aragon. In 1505, was the creation of the parish of Atajate. The turn of the nineteenth century saw the construction of the Church of San Jose. Prior to March 10, 1810 was the sacking of the old Church by the French. It was never again restored . In 1820 establishment of new judicial areas and Atajate passes to the control of Gaucin. In 1932 was the construction of the road Ronda-Atajate, C-341, the current A-369. The stretch of road Atajate-Gaucín was built in 1941.
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Baeza
Baeza is a town of approximately 16,200 inhabitants in Andalusia, Spain, in the province of Jaén, perched on a cliff in the Loma de Baeza, a mountain range between the river Guadalquivir on the south and its tributary the Guadalimar on the north. It is chiefly known today as having many of the best-preserved examples of Italian Renaissance architecture in Spain. UNESCO added Baeza and Úbeda to the World Heritage Sites list in 2003.
The town has existed since Roman times, when it was called Beatia.
In the Middle Ages Baeza was a flourishing Moorish city, said to contain 50,000 inhabitants, but it fell to the forces of Ferdinand III of Castile in 1227. The Córdoba and Úbeda gates, and the arch of Baeza, are among the remains of its Moorish fortifications.
In the 16th century, Baeza and nearby Úbeda grew rich from the production of textiles, and local nobles hired important architects, such as Andrés de Vandelvira, to design new palaces, churches and public squares in the fashionable Italian style. The economy collapsed in the 17th century, which had the fortunate side effect of preserving Baeza's Renaissance architectural legacy, because few newer structures were built.
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Benadalid
Benadalid is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. The municipality is situated approximately 25 kilometres from Ronda and 145 from the provincial capital. It has a population of approximately 265 residents. The natives are called Benalizos.
Coordinates: 37°36′N 5°16′W / 37.6°N 5.267°W / 37.6; -5.267
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Benalauría
Benalauría is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. The municipality is situated approximately 30 kilometres from Ronda and 143 from the city of Málaga. It has a population of approximately 500 residents. The natives are called Jabatos.
Coordinates: 36°35′N 5°15′W / 36.583°N 5.25°W / 36.583; -5.25
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Benamargosa
Benamargosa is a town and municipality in the region of La Axarquía in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. The municipality is situated approximately 11 kilometres from Vélez Málaga and 46 from the provincial capital. It has a population of approximately 1,500 residents. The natives are called Mangurrinos and exhibit increased homozygosity.
Coordinates: 36°50′N 4°11′W / 36.833°N 4.183°W / 36.833; -4.183
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Benamocarra
Benamocarra is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. The municipality is situated approximately 5 kilometres from Vélez Málaga and 41 from the provincial capital. It has a population of approximately 3,000 residents. The natives are called Benamocarreños.
Its mayor since 2003 (reelected in 2007) is Abdeslam Jesús Aoulad Ben Salem Lucena of the Partido Andalucista. He was the first, and still is the only, Spanish mayor of Moroccan origin. He is a member of the National Executive of the P.A., and was candidate for this party at the 2008 autonomous elections.
Coordinates: 36°48′N 4°09′W / 36.8°N 4.15°W / 36.8; -4.15
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Benaoján
Benaoján is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. It is located within the Sierra de Grazalema Natural Park. Its surface area is 32 km2. The municipality is situated approximately 17 kilometers from Ronda and 116 km from the capital of the province. It is situated at an altitude of 524 meters. Its inhabitants are called benaojanos.
Its name is of Arab origin. Some believe it means children of Oján, from the Berber tribe, and others think "home of the baker."
The municipality has two towns: Benaoján and Benaoján Station, the first being the center. It has a population of 1,683 people. It has a population density of 50.37 inhabitants/km2. The topography is very rugged karst mountains highlighting the two major geological formations: the Hundidero-Gato system and Cave of the Bathing Pool, of great importance for its prehistoric paintings dating from the Upper Paleolithic, for which it has been declared National Monument of Rock Art. Also, there are other geological cavities of importance scattered throughout the municipality.
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Benarrabá
Benarrabá is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. The municipality is situated approximately 157 kilometres (98 mi) from the city of Málaga and 37 kilometres (23 mi) from Ronda. It has a population of approximately 600 residents. The natives are called Benarrabiches.
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Caliphate of Córdoba
The Caliphate of Córdoba (Arabic: خلافة قرطبة; trans. Khilāfat Qurṭuba) ruled the Iberian peninsula (Al-Andalus) and part of North Africa, from the islamic Qurtuba (Córdoba) city, from 929 to 1031. This period was characterized by remarkable success in trade and culture; many of the masterpieces of Islamic Iberia were constructed in this period, including the famous Great Mosque of Córdoba. In January 929, Abd-ar-Rahman III proclaimed himself Caliph (Arabic: خليفة) of Qurtuba in place of his original title Emir of Córdoba (Arabic: أمير قرطبة 'Amīr Qurṭuba). Abd-ar-Rahman III was a member of the Umayyad dynasty; the same dynasty who held the titles of Emir of Córdoba since 756. The rule of the Caliphate is known as the heyday of Muslim presence in the Iberian peninsula. The Caliphate was practically disintegrated due to civil war (fitna) between descendants of the last legitimate Caliph Hisham II and the successors of his prime minister (hayib) Al-Mansur. The shell of the Caliphate existed until 1031 when, after years of infighting, it fractured into a number of independent Taifa kingdoms. Despite these fractures, the Islamic civilisation in Iberia, one of the most culturally florid periods of European civilisation, continued until 1492 when its last bastion, the Alhambra in Granada, was formally surrendered to the Christians.
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Campillos
Campillos is a municipality and town in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. It is located northwest of the province in the comarca of Guadalteba and within the judicial district of Antequera. The municipality is situated approximately 30 kilometers from Antequera and 70 from the provincial capital. It covers an area of 188 km2 extending from grain fields and olive groves and includes several lakes inhabited by flamingos and storks.
It has a population of approximately 8,000 residents. The parish church Our Lady of Repose, Iglesia Parroquial Nuestra Señora del Reposo, near the plaza is a major attraction. The natives are called Campilleros.
Campillos was founded in 1492.
Campillos is part of the comarca of Guadalteba, together with the municipalities of Almargen, Ardales, Cañete La Real, Carratraca, Cuevas del Becerro, Sierra de Yeguas and Teba.
It is a part of the municipality that belonged to the old municipality of Peñarrubia, which disappeared in the seventies due to the construction of the reservoir of Guadalteba.
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Canillas de Aceituno
Canillas de Aceituno is a municipality in the province of Málaga in the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. It is located in the east of the province and is one of the municipalities comprising the comarca of Axarquia and the judicial district of Vélez-Málaga. It is a small village, located at the foot of the "La Maroma" mountains in Spain.
Canillas de Aceituno has an altitude of around 524 meters at the foot of the Sierra de Tejeda and is crowned by the peak of La Maroma at 2,068 meters, the highest in the province. It is a town of narrow streets that are immaculately whitewashed, Moorish arches and corners of flowers.
The people of Canillas de Aceituno called canilleros. Most have their profession within the town, although there are some people who work outside. They typically work in construction and agriculture. Canillas de Aceituno is has shops where one can purchase basic products.
Canillas de Aceituno is 61 kilometers from Málaga. It is accessible through the highway C-335 and the local M-125 from Vélez-Málaga.
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Canillas de Albaida
Canillas de Albaida is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. It has a population of approximately 800 residents. The natives are called Canilleros. The village is one of several typical Andalucian pueblos blancos which ring the edge of the national parks.
The village has seen considerable growth and renovation after the 2000 millennium, as a result of an increase in tourism and the number of expatriate residents from northern Europe. There are restaurants and shops. Three hotels have been established after 2000 and the road leading to the coast has been paved and widened.
The staple industry here is agriculture, the principal crops being avocados, raisins, wine from moscatel grapes and olives. Kitchen vegetables are also grown extensively on ancient irrigated terraces, for local sale and consumption. Farming is mostly done by hand, the only significant "machinery" being mules which are used as beasts of burden and for ploughing. The arrival of a more modern community has not obliterated the traditional lifestyle of the village and its surroundings.
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Carratraca
Carratraca is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. The municipality is situated approximately 56 kilometers from Ronda and from the provincial capital of Málaga. It is located between the northeastern foothills of the Serrania de Ronda. It has a population of approximately 850 residents.
It is one of the northern gates to the Guadalhorce Valley and border territory between these two comarcas and that of Antequera, which connects with Ardales. The landscape has very steep slopes in the Sierras of Alcaparín and is milder in the Sierras of Baños and Aguas, covered with pine trees and scrub pine and the occasional olive grove where the terrain permits. In the valley that runs through the town from north to south, and through which flows the stream of las Cañas, the field contains orchards on the banks of the streams and cereal crops and olive groves between them and the beginning of the mountains. Within the town of Carratraca, the architectural ensemble is shaped by the house of Doña Trinidad Grund, turned into the City Hall, and the tower next to said house. The terraces of these buildings offer views of the surroundings.
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Cartajima
Cartajima is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. The municipality is situated approximately 18 kilometres from Ronda and 140 from the provincial capital. It has a population of approximately 240 residents.
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Casabermeja
Casabermeja is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. The municipality is situated approximately 20 kilometres from the provincial capital.
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Casarabonela
Casarabonela is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. The municipality is situated approximately 48 km from Malaga capital (bordering on the regions of Antequera and Ronda). It has a population of approximately 2,500 residents. The natives are called Moriscos.
Coordinates: 36°47′N 4°51′W / 36.783°N 4.85°W / 36.783; -4.85
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Cazorla
Cazorla is a city located in the province of Jaén, Spain. According to the 2006 census (INE), the city had a population of 8,173 inhabitants.
Cazorla lies at an elevation of 836 metres on the western slope of the Sierra de Cazorla. It is the entry point and base for visits to the Natural Park of Sierras de Cazorla, Segura y Las Villas Natural Park, a vast protected area of magnificent river gorges and forests. Spain's second longest river, the Guadalquivir, has its source in the mountains to the south of the settlement.
Distances to nearby cities are: Jaén, 121 km.; Granada, 205 km.; and Linares, 71 km. See Mapa de Carreteras de Jaén
The town is constructed around three main squares, the Plaza de la Constitución, the Plaza de la Corredera (or de Huevo, "of the Egg", because of its shape), and the Plaza Santa Maria. This last square is the oldest and is connected to the other two by narrow, twisting streets. It takes its name from the old cathedral which, damaged by floods in the seventeenth century, was later burnt by French troops. It is now in ruin. Above the square sits an austere, reconstructed Moorish castle tower called La Yedra. Still higher up on the rocky escarpment lie the ruins of still yet another ruined fortress.
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Cañete La Real
Cañete la Real is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. It is located on the northwest boundary of the province. The municipality is situated approximately 100 kilometers from Málaga. It is a border town between the Serrania de Ronda and the comarca of Antequera and rises 742 meters above the sea level.
The bordering municipalities with Cañete are: to the north Almargen (Málaga), El Saucejo and Algámitas (Seville);to the east Teba;to the southeast Ardales and El Burgo;to the southwest Cuevas del Becerro and Ronda and to the west Alcalá del Valle and Olvera, belonging to Cadiz.
The slopes of the mountains surrounding the town are covered with groves of oak and scrub pine between limestone rocks. The vegetation is a majority of rosemary and thyme.
Among the wildlife that inhabits this area one can find the griffon vulture, eagle, owl, fox, bobcat, etc.
The main rivers in the municipality are the Guadalteba or Ortegícar, which crosses the south of the municipality, servicing the reservoir of the same name. The Corbones, a tributary of the Guadalquivir River, beings in the land of La Atalaya, hamlet of Cañete La Real.
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Chefchaouen
Chefchaouen or Chaouen (Berber: ⵜⵛⴻⴼⵜⵛⴰⵡⴻⵏ Accawn, Arabic: شفشاون/الشاون, Spanish: Chauen, lit. "horns") is a city in northwest Morocco. It is the chief town of the province of the same name, and is noted for its buildings in shades of blue.
Chefchaouen is situated in the Rif Mountains, just inland from Tangier and Tetouan. The city was founded in 1471, as a small fortress which still exists to this day, by Moorish exiles from Spain led by Moulay Ali Ben Moussa Ben Rached El Alami to fight the Portuguese invasions of northern Morocco. It was known as one of the main concentrations of Moriscos and Jews who sought refuge in this mountainous city after the Spanish Reconquista in medieval times. In 1920, the Spanish seized Chefchaouen to form part of Spanish Morocco. Spanish troops imprisoned Abd el-Krim in the kasbah from 1916 to 1917, after he talked with the German consul Dr. Walter Zechlin (1879–1962). (After defeating him with the help of the French force Abd el-Krim was deported to Réunion in 1926). Spain returned the city after the independence of Morocco in 1956.
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Chipiona
Chipiona is a town and municipality located on the Atlantic coast in the province of Cádiz, Spain. According to the 2009 census, the city has a population of 18,583 inhabitants but this amount increases greatly during the summer holiday period. The town covers an area of 332kilometres. Being in the lower valley of the River Guadalquivir it is very flat with a maximum terrestrial height of 4 metres. It is bordered on the north-west by San Lucar de Barrameda and on the south-east by the port of Rota.
It is the town of birth of the late singer Rocío Jurado and where her body now rests.
Chipiona is also home to the tallest lighthouse in Spain and the third tallest lighthouse in Europe. The town is also well known for several varieties of Moscatel.
Source: INE (Spain)
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Comares
Comares is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. The municipality is situated approximately 28 kilometers from the provincial capital and 24 from Vélez-Málaga. It is located in the foothills of the Montes de Málaga 703 meters above sea level. Comares is one of the 31 villages that make up the comarca of Axarquía.
It is bordered to the north with Riogordo, to the north, northeast and east with Cútar, to the south with El Borge, to the southwest and west with Málaga and to the northwest with Colmenar.
It has a population of approximately 1,420 residents. The natives are called Moriscosos.
The population core is located in slight decline, on the crest of a steep mountain at 703 m. The region is full of ravines, hamlets and farms scattered around the mountain. Its highest point is the hill of Mazmúllar (721 m). A dip the end of the rivers Cuevas or Benamargosa feeds the streams of Cútar, Fuente Delgada and Solano, which are dry most of the year.[citation needed] The town's water supply comes from the springs called Délga, Gorda, Caño Seco and Maroto.
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Coín
Coín is a town and municipality in the Province of Málaga, Spain, c. 33 km west of the provincial capital, Málaga, and c. 30 km north of Marbella. The town has an official population of 22,000 inhabitants.
Foreigners now make up a substantial proportion of the towns inhabitants and are attracted to Coín due to the fact it is only 25 minutes from the beaches of Málaga and Marbella, including the 50 km stretch of coastline in between which includes the popular resorts of Torremolinos, Fuengirola and Benalmádena.
The town was ruled by he Moors and the Romans, with the Moors defining and controlling the town from 929 AD until 1485 when the Christians invaded and took control of Coín.
The economy was traditionally agriculture, coexisting with marble mining (since Roman times) and ceramics. The latter has been during the twentieth century very important and known, having a color style of its own called "Green Coin". The most significant ceramics workshop during the past century was the Workshop "Cumbreras" and now work is continuing this traditional ceramic material of Coin, with over 300 years old by local artisans.
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Cuevas Bajas
Cuevas Bajas is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. It belongs to the comarca of Nororma. It is part of the judicial district of Archidona. The municipality is situated 75 kilometers from Málaga and 495 km from Madrid In 2011 it had a population of 1,482 inhabitants. Its surface area is 16.53 km2. Cuevas Bajas has a density of 89.66 inhabitants/km2. The natives are called Cueveños.
Cuevas Bajas is located in a valley where Málaga overlooks the Genil river. It is located on the northern edge of the Antequera region along the river Genii. Cuevas Bajas retains the appearance of an Andalusian village, with short, narrow streets and its houses with barred windows and balconies. It has an altitude of 323 meters above sea level.
The region where Cuevas Bajas is located has historical antecedents from the Paleolithic. This has been evidenced by the instruments that appeared around the town and river terraces of the Genii. During the Roman period, around the second century BC, near Cuevas Bajas passed one of the Roman roads that was registered in the Itinerary of Antonio and numerous villas whose remains have been found during his term. After the Arab domination, the square being conquered by the Alcaide of Antequera D. Fernando de Narváez in the year 1426, thanks to the distribution of land, the town began to repopulate slowly growing to Cuevas Bajas.
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Cuevas del Becerro
Cuevas del Becerro is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. The municipality is situated approximately 20 kilometers from Ronda and 105 km from the city of Málaga. By road it is located 576 km from Madrid. In 2008 it had a population of 1,847 inhabitants according to the INE.
Legend has it that the town gets its name from a golden calf that they found in one of its caves, which are currently located on the northern side of the village on the river of the caves. One researcher believes that these caves were used to house sires, where locals brought their cows for cover. This scenario could also be the origin of the name.[citation needed] Everything up until now is mere speculation on the possible origin.
The political administration of the municipality is carried out through a democratically controlled city council whose members are elected every four years by universal suffrage. The electoral census is composed of all registered residents in the town over 18 and a Spanish national and other member states of the European Union. Pursuant to the Law on the General Election, which sets the number of eligible councilors depending on the population of the municipality, the Municipal Corporation of Cuevas del Becerro consists of 9 councilors.
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Cártama
Cártama is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia, southern Spain. The municipality is situated approximately 17 km from Málaga. It is one of the most extensive towns in the province, covering c. 105 km². Cártama has a population of approximately 15,000 residents.
Situated in the heart of the Guadalhorce valley, at the foot of two small sierras, and surrounded by thousands of orange and lemon trees, its territory forms part of the Hoya de Málaga, some 17 km from the provincial capital. It stretches across both banks of the river.
From its main vantage point, the Hill of the Virgin, can be seen the different communities which make up the town: Cártama Pueblo, the ancient town with a 3000-year history and streets laid out in Moorish style; Estación de Cartama, which has its origin in the 1865 railway station; El Sexmo, Doñana, Aljaima and the Sierra de Gibralgalia, with views of the whole valley as far as Coín, Álora, Casarabonela and Málaga itself.
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Cómpeta
Cómpeta is a town and municipality in the comarca of Axarquía, and province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. The municipality is situated approximately 18 kilomters from the coast (Costa del Sol), and 52 kilometers from Málaga, the provincial capital. It is situated at 638 meters above sea level in the foothills of La Maroma (the highest peak of the Sierra Tejeda). The population is spread over the southern slopes of the Sierra de Almijara.
Cómpeta has a population of approximately 4,000 residents and the natives are called competeños. Cómpeta residents are diverse in both culture and nationality, with many residents originating from other countries across Europe such as the UK and other Northern European countries including Germany, Denmark, The Netherlands and Norway.
Cómpeta's patron saint is San Sebastian. During the last weekend in July, Cómpeta celebrates it's patron saint by holding a fair.
On the 15th August of every year (Assumption Day), Cómpeta celebrates the 'Noche del Vino' ('night of the wine'), which is a festival declared of tourist interest by official government decree ('Declaración de Interés Turístico National de Andalucia').
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Cútar
Cútar is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. The municipality is situated approximately 10 kilometers from Vélez-Málaga and 32 km from the provincial capital of Málaga. It is located inside the comarca of La Axarquia. It has a population of approximately 650 residents. The natives are called Cuatreños and their nickname is Pelones. The name Cútar may came from Kautzar, the Arabic word for "fountain of paradise", or from Hisn Aqut, Arabic for "castle of Aqut."
Coordinates: 36°50′N 4°14′W / 36.833°N 4.233°W / 36.833; -4.233
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Dos Hermanas
Dos Hermanas is a Spanish city 15 km (9.3 mi) south of Seville in Andalusia, with a population of 127,375 as of 2011.
The city's name, which means "two sisters", dates from its founding in 1248 by King Ferdinand III of Castile and honours the sisters of Gonzalo Nazareno, one of the king's principal military commanders. For this reason natives of Dos Hermanas are called nazarenos/as.
The main economic activities of the city today are the production and distribution of olive oil and "Spanish olives", together with a significant number of service industries.
The members of Spanish lounge music duo Los del Río (known for their international hit single, Macarena) are natives of Dos Hermanas and still reside in the city.
Its football club, Dos Hermanas CF, was founded in 1971. It plays in the Primera Andaluza, the highest league in the region. It has had four spells playing in national leagues, including the third tier, the Segunda B, between 1999 and 2002. It returned to regional football in 2010.
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El Borge
El Borge is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. It is located in the comarca of Axarquía. The municipality is situated approximately 24 kilometers from Vélez-Málaga, 28 from the provincial capital of Málaga and 567 km from Madrid. It has a population of approximately 1,000 residents. The natives are called Borgeños.
Coordinates: 36°49′01″N 4°13′59″W / 36.817°N 4.233°W / 36.817; -4.233
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El Burgo
El Burgo is a village and municipality in the province of Málaga, located in the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. It is located in the Parque Natural Sierra de las Nieves which was declared a Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO.
In February they have a carnaval. Saint Augustin is celebrated at the end of August with traditional costumes, music, food and religious singing.
Coordinates: 36°46′59″N 4°55′59″W / 36.783°N 4.933°W / 36.783; -4.933
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Estepona
Estepona is a town and municipality in the comarca of the Costa del Sol, southern Spain. It is located in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia. Its district covers an area of 137 square kilometers. It covers a fertile valley crossed by small streams and a mountainous areas dominated by the Sierra Bermeja, which reaches 1,449 m at the peak of Los Reales.
Estepona is renowned for its beaches, which stretch along some 21 km of coastline. It is a popular resort and holiday destination.
Due to its natural environment, surrounded by the sea and Sierra Bermeja mountains, Estepona has a micro climate with over 325 days of sunshine per year.
Estepona now has many interesting facets which make it a popular and contemporary all year round holiday destination including two EC Blue Flag beaches, a modern sports marina with many tapas bars and restaurants and a white-walled town offering shopping and picturesque squares. Estepona was also earmarked in the early 1990s as the original site chosen by the Walt Disney organisation for their Eurodisney project ahead of Paris, France who were later awarded the installation.[citation needed]
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Faraján
Faraján is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. The municipality is situated approximately 25 kilometers from Ronda and 144 km from the city of Málaga. It is located west of Málaga in the Genal valley. It is one of the towns that make up the comarca of the Serranía de Ronda.
It has a population of approximately 300 residents. The natives are called Farajeños or Celestotes.
Coordinates: 36°37′01″N 5°10′59″W / 36.617°N 5.183°W / 36.617; -5.183
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Frigiliana
Frigiliana is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. The municipality is situated approximately 71 kilometers from Málaga, the provincial capital, and approximately 6 kilometers from Nerja. It is located in the comarca of La Axarquía, the easternmost region of the province, and integrated into the judicial district of Torrox.
For four days at the end of August each year, Frigiliana hosts the Festival of the Three Cultures (Festival de las Tres Culturas), celebrating the region's historic confluence and co-existence of Christian, Muslim and Jewish traditions.
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Fuengirola
Fuengirola, in ancient times known as Suel and then Suhayl, is a large town and municipality on the Costa del Sol in the province of Málaga in the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. It is located on the central coast of the province and integrated into the region of the Costa del Sol and the Commonwealth of Municipalities of the Costa del Sol Occidental.
It is a major tourist resort, with more than 8 km of beaches, and home to a mediæval Moorish fortress. In common with much of this coast, it has been the subject of considerable urban development.
The area enjoys a subtropical Mediterranean climate, with annual average temperatures of 18°C and average summer temperatures of over 30°C
The town has its origins in Phoenician, Roman and Arab civilisations.
The foothills of the mountain range behind the town to the south are the site of Sohail Castle, which contains remains of an early Phoenician settlement, later occupied by the Romans, which became a town known in antiquity as Suel. Suel was identified by the Roman historian, Pomponius Mela, as one of the towns of the coast, and was cited by Pliny in the 1st century AD as a fortified town or oppidum. A later historian, Ptolemy, identified it during the 2nd century as being located in the region of the bastulo-penos or Phoenicians.
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Fuente de Piedra
Fuente de Piedra is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. The municipality is situated approximately 19 kilometers from Antequera and 73 km from the provincial capital of Málaga. It is located within the Antequera judicial district as well.
The small town is based in a dry basin amongst the Southern Spanish mountains and is most well known for the local Laguna de Fuente de Piedra, home to one of the largest populations of flamingoes in Europe. This is represented in the town by the summer celebration of the festival of ringing the Flamingo.
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Gaucín
Gaucín is a town and municipality located in the mountains of Andalusia in the province of Málaga in southern Spain. It is inland from Marbella, Puerto Banús and Estepona and not far from Ronda.
The village has a population of approximately 2,000. It lies about 600 metres above sea level in the Sierra del Hacho, dominated by the Castillo del Aguila (Eagle's Castle), originally a Roman stronghold, expanded by the Arabs.
Gaucín is known for its spectacular views of Gibraltar, the Strait of Gibraltar and Morocco, as well the surrounding mountain scenery. It can be used as a base for visits to the so-called pueblos blancos of Andalusia. The village is reached by a 24km climb up a mountain road and presided over by a medieval castle. The population is augmented by a growing group of British expatriates. In the tourist shops, cork items are very popular, because cork forests surround the village.
Gaucín has been the inspiration of a number of artists and writers, and has been referred to as the "balcony of the Ronda Mountains, where the Holy Child appeared to St. John of God: the illustrious, always noble, very hospitable village of Gaucín."
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Genalguacil
Genalguacil is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. The municipality is situated approximately 45 kilometers from Ronda and 150 km from the city of Málaga. It is located west of the province in the Genal valley. It is one of the populations that make up the region of the Serrania de Ronda. Genalguacil is in the judicial district of Ronda.
It has a population of approximately 550 residents. The natives are called Genalguacileños.
Coordinates: 36°33′N 5°14′W / 36.55°N 5.233°W / 36.55; -5.233
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Granada
Granada (Spanish pronunciation: [ɡɾaˈnaða]) is a city and the capital of the province of Granada, in the autonomous community of Andalucia, Spain. Granada is located at the foot of the Sierra Nevada mountains, at the confluence of three rivers, the Beiro, the Darro and the Genil. It sits at an elevation of 738 metres above sea level, yet is only one hour from the Mediterranean coast, the Costa Tropical. Nearby is the Sierra Nevada Ski Station, where the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1996 were held.
In the 2005 national census, the population of the city of Granada proper was 236,982, and the population of the entire urban area was estimated to be 472,638, ranking as the 13th-largest urban area of Spain. About 3.3% of the population did not hold Spanish citizenship, the largest number of these people (31%) coming from South America. Its nearest airport is Federico García Lorca Airport Granada-Jaén Airport.
The Alhambra, a Moorish citadel and palace, is in Granada. It is the most renowned building of the Andalusian Islamic historical legacy with its many cultural attractions that make Granada a popular destination among the touristic cities of Spain. The Almohad influence on architecture is preserved in the area of the city called the Albaicín with its fine examples of Moorish and Morisco construction. Granada is also well-known within Spain for the prestigious University of Granada which has about 80,000 students spread over five different campuses in the city. The pomegranate (in Spanish, granada) is the heraldic device of Granada.
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Grazalema
Grazalema is a village located in the northeastern part of the province of Cádiz, in the autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain. Situated in the foothills of the Sierra del Pinar mountain range (Sierra de Grazalema Natural Park), Grazalema had, as of 2009, a population of 2,205.
The Roman villa of Lacidulia, situated in an estate near to the present village has been traditionally considered the ancestor of Grazalema.
During Muslim rule in the 8th century, these lands were populated by people of Berber origin and from them, the area acquired the name of Raisa lami Suli, “town of the Banu al-Salim”, place which passed to Ben-salama, “Son of Zulema and later Grand Zulema”. During this period, its economy was organised around forestry, agriculture, farming and textile manufacture.
With the Christian conquest in 1485, Zagrazalema, as it was called at the time, became part of the lands of the Ponce de León. It became economically important as of the 17th century thanks to the drapery industry which produced the famous shawls of Grazalema. In the first years of the 19th century, during the War of Independence, Grazalema suffered attacks and sieges from the Napoleonic troops who partially destroyed the village.
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Guadalevín
The Guadalevín River is a tributary of the Guadiaro River in Málaga, Andalusia, Spain. Its gorge divides the city of Ronda where it is spanned by three bridges, Puente Nuevo, Puente Viejo and Puente Romano.
Coordinates: 36°44′23.91″N 5°10′4.86″W / 36.739975°N 5.1680167°W / 36.739975; -5.1680167
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Guadix
Guadix, a city of southern Spain, in the province of Granada; on the left bank of the river Guadix, a sub-tributary of the Guadiana Menor, and on the Madrid-Valdepeñas-Almería railway. It occupies part of an elevated plateau among the northern foothills of the Sierra Nevada.
The city was once famous for its cutlery; but its modern manufactures (chiefly earthenware, hempen goods, and hats) are inconsiderable. It has some trade in wool, cotton, flax, corn and liqueurs. The warm mineral springs of Graena, much frequented during the summer, are 6 miles west.
Guadix el Viejo, 6 km northwest, was the Roman Acci (also Accitum) mentioned in Pliny's Natural History and as Akki by Ptolemy, who placed it among the Bastetani. Acci was situated in the region of the Bastetanos, whose capital was Baza. It is not known for certain whether it is of Phoenician or of early Spanish origin. According to Macrobius, the primitive inhabitants paid homage to Mars under the name of Neton. Julius Caesar established the Roman colony called Julia Gemella. According to tradition, it was the seat of the first bishopric in Hispania, in the 2nd century.
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Huelva
Huelva (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈwelβa]) is a city in southwestern Spain, the capital of the province of Huelva in the autonomous region of Andalusia. It is located along the Gulf of Cadiz coast, at the confluence of the Odiel and Tinto rivers. According to the 2010 census, the city has a population of 149,410 inhabitants. The city has been inhabited since 3000 BC. The town is home to Recreativo de Huelva, the oldest football club in Spain.
A maritime town between the rivers Anas (modern Guadiana) and Baetis (modern Guadalquivir), it was seated on the estuary of the River Luxia (modern Odiel), and on the road from the mouth of the Anas to Augusta Emerita (modern Mérida).
The city may be the site of Tartessus; by the Phoenicians it was called Onoba. The Greeks kept the name and rendered it Ὄνοβα. It was in the hands of the Turdetani at the time of conquest by Rome, and before the conquest it issued silver coins with Iberian legends. It was called both Onoba Aestuaria or Onuba (used on coinage) during Roman times, or, simply, Onoba. The city was incorporated into the Roman province of Hispania Baetica. The Arabs then called it Walbah and ruled between 712-1250. It suffered substantial damage in the 1755 Lisbon earthquake.
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Humilladero
Humilladero is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. The municipality is situated on the border with the province of Seville and 78 kilometres from the city of Málaga. It has a population of approximately 3,300 residents.
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Igualeja
Igualeja is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. The municipality is situated approximately 20 kilometres from Ronda and 142 kilometres from the city of Málaga. It has a population of approximately 1,000 residents.
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Istán
Istán is a village in Málaga province, Andalusia, Southern Spain, with an estimated population in 2005 of 1,422. It lies beneath the Sierra Blanca in the valley of the Rio Verde about 15 km from Marbella and the Mediterranean coast. It is also near the large reservoir created by the Presa de la Concepción dam, built in 1972 to provide drinking water to towns all along the Costa del Sol.
It was originally a Moorish settlement and as with its near neighbour Ojen, survived where others didn't largely because it was away from the coast. After the Reconquest, Moors were not allowed to live near the coast so as to be unable to communicate easily with their kinsmen in nearby North Africa.
Coordinates: 36°35′N 4°57′W / 36.583°N 4.95°W / 36.583; -4.95
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Italy
Italy
i/ˈɪtəli/ (Italian: Italia [iˈtaːlja]), officially the Italian Republic or the Republic of Italy (Italian: Repubblica italiana), is a unitary parliamentary republic in south-central Europe. To the north, it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia along the Alps. To the south, it consists of the entirety of the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Sardinia–the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea–and many other smaller islands. The independent states of San Marino and the Vatican City are enclaves within Italy, while Campione d'Italia is an Italian exclave in Switzerland. The territory of Italy covers some 301,338 km2 (116,347 sq mi) and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 60.6 million inhabitants, it is the fifth most populous country in Europe, and the 23rd most populous in the world.
Rome, the capital of Italy, was for centuries a political and religious centre of Western civilisation as the capital of the Roman Empire and site of the Holy See. After the decline of the Roman Empire, Italy endured numerous invasions by foreign peoples, from Germanic tribes such as the Lombards and Ostrogoths, to the Byzantines and later, the Normans, among others. Centuries later, Italy became the birthplace of Maritime republics and the Renaissance, an immensely fruitful intellectual movement that would prove to be integral in shaping the subsequent course of European thought.
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Iznate
Iznate is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. The municipality is situated approximately 12 kilometres from Vélez-Málaga and c. 45 from the provincial capital Málaga.
The name derives from the medieval Berber Iznatten tribes.
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Jerez de la Frontera
Jerez de la Frontera is a municipality in the province of Cádiz in the autonomous community of Andalusia, (Andalucía in Spanish) in southwestern Spain, situated midway between the sea and the mountains. As of 2010[update], the city, the largest in the province, had 208,896 inhabitants; it is the fifth largest in Andalusia. It has become the transportation and communications hub of the province, surpassing even Cádiz, the provincial capital, in economic activity. Jerez de la Frontera is also, in terms of land area, the largest municipality in the province, and its sprawling outlying areas are a fertile zone for agriculture. There are also many cattle ranches and horse-breeding operations, as well as a world-renowned wine industry.
The city of Jerez is governed by the ayuntamiento (municipality) of Jerez, whose representatives, as in other towns in Spain, are elected every four years by universal suffrage for all citizens older than 18 years of age. The body is chaired by the mayor of Jerez.
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Jimera de Líbar
Jimera de Líbar is a village and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. The municipality is situated approximately 26 kilometres from Ronda and sits at an altitude of 540 metres. It has a population of approximately 450 residents. The natives are called Jimeranos.The town is split into two parts the village approximately 2 km from the Barriada Estacion. The village is quiet and has an elederly population whereas the livelier station has plenty of weekend visitors who come to enjoy the peaceful nature of the area. 4 trains from each direction stop here every day. The train station was built in a typical english style and adds charm to the village.
Jimera de Libar website - in Spanish
Coordinates: 36°39′N 5°16′W / 36.65°N 5.267°W / 36.65; -5.267
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Jubrique
Jubrique a little village in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. The municipality is situated approximately 38 km from Ronda and 105 from the Malaga capital. It has a population of approximately 800 residents. The natives in this village are called Jubriqueños.
Coordinates: 36°34′N 5°13′W / 36.567°N 5.217°W / 36.567; -5.217
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Júzcar
Júzcar is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. The municipality is situated approximately 22 kilometres from Ronda and 113 from the provincial capital.
The town is one of the White Towns of Andalusia, with buildings whitewashed. In spring 2011, buildings in the town (including the church and gravestones) were painted blue to celebrate the premiere of the Smurfs movie. 4,000 litres (880 imp gal; 1,100 US gal) of paint was used. In December 2011, Sony Pictures offered to repaint the town. Citizens voted to leave the buildings painted blue, as an estimated 80,000 tourists visited in the six months following the repainting. The town normally sees 300 tourists per year.
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Macharaviaya
Macharaviaya, is a village in the mountains of Andalusia in the south of Spain.
The village was built upon the ruins of an old Moorish settlement. Its name is derived from Arabic Machxar Abu Yahya, meaning "Abu Yahya's Court". It was the home of the noble Gálvez family, whose descendant Matías de Gálvez y Gallardo had been the viceroy of New Spain. His son Bernardo, who was born in the village, also had a notable career. The historical centre of the village has a preservation order on it. Some Spanish and foreign artists, ceramicists, painters and writers live among the villagers.
Every year in August, Macharaviaya hosts a festival honoring the patron saint of the village, Bernard of Clairvaux.
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Manilva
Manilva is a municipality which lies on the coast at the southwesternmost edge of the Spanish province of Málaga on its border with the province of Cádiz in southern Andalusia, Spain.
Coordinates: 36°23′N 5°15′W / 36.383°N 5.25°W / 36.383; -5.25
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Marbella
Marbella is a city and municipality in southern Spain, belonging to the province of Málaga in the autonomous community of Andalusia. It is part of the region of the Costa del Sol and is the headquarters of the Association of Municipalities of the same; it is the head of the judicial district that bears its name.
Marbella is situated on the Mediterranean Sea, between Málaga and the Gibraltar Strait, in the foothills of the Sierra Blanca. The municipality covers an area of 117 km² crossed by highways on the coast, these are its main entrances.
In 2011 the population of the city was 138,662 inhabitants, making it the second most populous municipality in the province of Málaga and the eighth in Andalusia. It is one of the most important tourist cities of the Costa del Sol and throughout most of the year is an international tourist attraction, due mainly to its climate and tourist infrastructure. The city also has a significant archaeological heritage, many museums and performance spaces, and a cultural calendar with events ranging from reggae concerts to opera performances.
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Mijas
Mijas is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, in Andalusia, southern Spain. It is a typically Andalusian white-washed village located at a mountain side about 450 m above mean sea level, in the heart of the Costa del Sol region. There are some local history museums and many souvenir shops, Mijas also has seven golf courses (four more are under construction) including La Cala Resort, the biggest golf resort in Spain.
The municipality includes:
Economy is mostly based on tourism. Agricultural produces include potatoes, cereals and avocado.
Founded in prehistoric times by the Tertessians, it was known as Tamisa by the Romans; later the name changed to Mixa and finally to the current Mijas. The Romans were replaced by the Visigoths, and then, after 714, by the Moors.
At the time of emirate of Córdoba, it was conquered by Umar ibn Hafsun, remaining under the rule of Bobastro until the latter was defeated by Abd al-Rahman III.
In 1487 Mijas resisted to the attacks of the Catholic Monarchs during the siege of Málaga; later the inhabitants surrendered and were most sold as slaves. During the Revolt of the Comuneros it remained loyal to the Spanish crown, which granted Mijas the title of 'Muy Leal ("Very Loyal").
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Moclinejo
Moclinejo is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. The municipality is situated approximately 17 kilometres from Málaga. It has a population of approximately 1200 residents. The natives are called Moclinejenses. Nickname: Conejos.
Coordinates: 36°46′N 4°15′W / 36.767°N 4.25°W / 36.767; -4.25
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Moguer
Moguer is a municipality and small city located in the province of Huelva, Andalusia, Spain. According to the 2007 census, it has a population of 18,381. Its surface area is 204 square kilometres (79 sq mi), and its population density is 90.4 per square kilometre (234 /sq mi).
The present site of Moguer had been home to many human settlements since antiquity. Nonetheless, the founding of the present municipality is generally dated from the establishment of the Señorío de Moguer ("Seigneury of Moguer") in 1333. The Santa Clara Monastery and a Franciscan convent that later became the Corpus Christi Hospital were founded four years later. From the 1330s, the population grew rapidly, turning Moguer into an important town with a strong, economy based in agriculture, fishing, and trade through the town's river port. Moguer played an important role in the first voyage of Christopher Columbus, with Columbus receiving important support from the abbess of the Santa Clara Monastery, Inés Enríquez, the cleric Martín Sánchez and the landowner Juan Rodríguez Cabezudo. The Niño brothers played an important role in the voyage, including providing the caravel Niña. Upon the returning from the Americas, the first of Columbus's vows was fulfilled by spending a night in the church of the Santa Clara Monastery. Today, Moguer and nearby Palos de la Frontera are home to the lugares colombinos, a tourist route of places associated with undertaking that voyage.
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Mollina
Mollina is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. The municipality is situated approximately 16 kilometres from Antequera and 60 from the provincial capital. The natives are Mollinatos. It has a population of approximately 4052 residents. There is a large British population in Mollina. There are three Mobile home sites, the largest being Saydo where every Wednesday there is an "English" market. Mollina is a wine growing area and produces some very good Wines and Sherries.
Coordinates: 37°08′N 4°40′W / 37.133°N 4.667°W / 37.133; -4.667
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Monda
Monda is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. The municipality is situated approximately 44 kilometres from the provincial capital and 10 from Coín. It has a population of approximately 2,000 residents. The natives are called Mondeños.
Coordinates: 36°38′N 4°50′W / 36.633°N 4.833°W / 36.633; -4.833
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Montejaque
Montejaque is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. The municipality is situated approximately 140 kilometres from the city of Málaga, 21 from Ronda and only 2 from Benaoján. It has a population of approximately 1,000 residents. The natives are called Montejaqueños.
Coordinates: 36°43′N 5°16′W / 36.717°N 5.267°W / 36.717; -5.267
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Morocco
Morocco (Arabic: المغرب al-Maghrib ; Berber: ⵍⵎⴻⵖⵔⵉⴱ / ⴰⵎⴻⵔⵔⵓⴽElmeɣrib / Amerruk), officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country located in North Africa. It has a population of about 32 million and an area of 710,850 km², including the disputed region of the Western Sahara, seen by and mostly administered by Morocco as the Southern Provinces. Morocco is part of the Maghreb region, in addition to Tunisia, Algeria, Mauritania, and Libya, with which it shares cultural, historical and linguistic ties.
Morocco is a constitutional monarchy with an elected parliament. The King of Morocco holds vast executive powers, including the power to dissolve the parliament. Executive power is exercised by the government but more importantly by the king himself. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament, the Assembly of Representatives and the Assembly of Councillors. The king can also issue decrees called dahirs which have the force of law. The latest Parliamentary elections were held in November 25, 2011, and were considered by some neutral observers to be mostly free and fair. Voter turnout in these elections was estimated to be 43% of registered voters, but only about 25% of Moroccan adult citizens actually voted. The rest either chose not to vote or they were not registered as voters. The political capital is Rabat, but the largest city is Casablanca; other main cities include Marrakesh, Tetouan, Tangier, Salé, Fes, Agadir, Meknes, Oujda, Kenitra, and Nador.
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Motril
Motril is a town and municipality on the Mediterranean coast in the province of Granada, Spain.
Motril is the second largest town in the province, with a population of 59,163 as of 2008. The town is located near the Guadalfeo River.
King Baudouin I of Belgium died during a visit in the Villa Astrida of heart failure in 1993.
Probably the most important sector of the economy in Motril and its region is the agriculture. There are many greenhouses in Motril, and in the nearby towns, like Carchuna. The most important crops are: beans, cucumbers, tomatoes and peppers. Motril has an almost tropical climate. Due to this, there are also a lot of crops imported from South America, like mango and avocado.
Historically, sugarcane was also an important crop in Motril, but in 2006 the long-standing tradition, after hundreds of years of history, has been discontinued.
There are many different beachs in Motril, including a nudist beach. The most famous beach is "Playa Granada". There are also beaches at the nearby towns of Torrenueva, Carchuna, and Calahonda. The weather is usually good in Motril, so the beaches are always full of people, especially in summer, when people from the interior regions travel to the coast. Currently, the most serious problem for the beaches in Motril is the jellyfish.
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Málaga
Málaga (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈmalaɣa]; Phoenician: מַלַחַה, Malaḥa) is a city and a municipality in the Autonomous Community of Andalusia, Spain. With a population of 568,507 in 2010, it is the second most populous city of Andalusia and the fifth largest in Spain. This is the southernmost large city in Europe. It lies on the Costa del Sol (Coast of the Sun) of the Mediterranean, about 100 km (62.14 mi) east of the Strait of Gibraltar and about 130 km (80.78 mi) north of Africa.
Málaga enjoys a subtropical–mediterranean climate. It has one of the warmest winters in Europe, with average temperatures of 17 °C (62.6 °F) during the day and 7–8 °C (45–46 °F) at night in the period from December through February. The summer season lasts about eight months, from April through November, although in the remaining four months temperatures sometimes reach around 20 °C (68.0 °F).
Málaga's history spans about 2,800 years, making it one of the oldest cities in the world. It was founded by the Phoenicians as Malaka about 770 BC, and from the 6th century BC was under the hegemony of Ancient Carthage. Then from 218 BC it was ruled by the Roman Republic and later the Roman Empire as Malaca (Latin). After the fall of the empire it was under Islamic Arab domination as Mālaqah (مالقة) for 800 years, but in 1487 it came under the dominion of the Spaniards in the Reconquista. The archaeological remains and monuments from the Phoenician, Roman, Arabic and Christian eras make the historic center of the city an "open museum", displaying its rich history of more than 3,000 years.
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Nerja
Nerja (pronounced: [ˈneɾxa]) is a municipality on the Costa del Sol in the province of Málaga, Andalusia, southern Spain. It is on the country's southern Mediterranean coast, about 50 km east of Málaga.
Nerja has a long history, evidenced by the primitive paintings found in its famous Nerja caves, discovered in 1959. These caves are now believed to be just one entrance to a linked series of potholes stretching many miles into the mountains between Nerja and Granada, and which may yet prove to be one of the most extensive unexplored systems in Europe. Visitors to the caves will be able to view the remains of one of the ancient inhabitants of Nerja.
The Romans built here three settlements, including Detunda, of which now large remains can be seen. The area was later taken over by the Arabs in the early 8th century. Under the Moors, the town was known as Narixa, which means "abundant spring", from which the present name derives.
Its agricultural and silk products are said[by whom?] to have been famed throughout the Muslim world and in the markets of Damascus as early as the 10th century.
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Ontinyent
Ontinyent (Valencian pronunciation: [ontiˈɲent]) is a municipality in the comarca of Vall d'Albaida in the Valencian Country or Valencian Community, Spain. It is situated on the right bank of the Clariano or Ontinyent, a sub-tributary of the Xúquer, and on the Xàtiva–Alcoi railway.
Ontinyent has a parish church remarkable for its lofty square tower, and a palace of the dukes of Almodòver. There is a large modern suburb outside the old town, which was formerly a walled city; some vestiges of the ramparts still remain. Linen and woollen cloth, paper, brandy, furniture and earthenware are manufactured; and there is some trade in cereals, wine, almonds and olive oil.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
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Parauta
Parauta is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. The municipality is situated approximately 105 kilometres from the provincial capital. It has a population of approximately 250 residents. The natives are called Parauteños.
Coordinates: 36°39′N 5°07′W / 36.65°N 5.117°W / 36.65; -5.117
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Periana
Periana is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. The municipality is situated approximately 23 kilometres from Vélez and 48 from the city of Málaga. It has a population of approximately 3,500 residents. The natives are called Perianenses, and the Nickname is “Los Manga Anchas”, “The Wide-sleeved Ones”.
Coordinates: 36°55′N 4°12′W / 36.917°N 4.2°W / 36.917; -4.2
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Pizarra
Pizarra is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. The municipality is situated approximately 30 kilometres from Málaga.
The town is served by the Málaga Metropolitan Transport Consortium Metropolitan bus lines.
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Province of Málaga
The Province of Málaga (pronounced: [ˈmalaɣa]; Spanish Provincia de Málaga) is located on the southern coast of Spain, in the Autonomous Community of Andalusia. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the South, and by the provinces of Cádiz, Sevilla, Córdoba and Granada.
Its area is 7,308 km². Its population is 1,593,068 (2009), of whom two-fifths live in the capital Málaga, and its population density is 218/km².
Its main industry and claim to fame is its tourist resorts, particularly those on the beaches along the Costa del Sol ("Sun Coast"). These beaches are visited by millions of European tourists. But besides the beaches, the mountainous province has some very interesting places to visit, like the gorge of El Chorro or the Torcal in Antequera.
The magnum opus of Cuban composer Ernesto Lecuona, "Malagueña", is named for the music of the Gypsies of this region of Spain. Another famous patron of the city is Pablo Picasso.
Málaga contains 101 municipalities. Besides the capital, its main cities are Marbella, Vélez-Málaga, Antequera and Ronda.
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Pujerra
Pujerra is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. The municipality is situated approximately 116 kilometres from the provincial capital. It has a population of approximately 350 residents. The natives are called Pujerreños.
Coordinates: 36°37′N 5°08′W / 36.617°N 5.133°W / 36.617; -5.133
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Riogordo
Riogordo is a small town and municipality of around 3,000 inhabitants in Málaga province, Spain. It is situated in the centre of a subregion known as Axarquía that runs east and inland of Málaga as far as Nerja. Nestled in the low-lying mountains (between the Montes de Málaga and the higher sierras), it is almost one of the classic Andalusian "white villages". It is equidistant between Málaga and Vélez-Málaga, both of which are little more than 30 minutes by car.
The town hosts the "El Paso" festival at Easter (Semana Santa), a reenactment of the crucifixion which has a cast of hundreds, mostly local villagers.
Coordinates: 36°55′N 4°18′W / 36.917°N 4.3°W / 36.917; -4.3
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Ronda
Ronda (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈronda]) is a city in the Spanish province of Málaga. It is located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) west of the city of Málaga, within the autonomous community of Andalusia. Its population is approximately 35,000 inhabitants.
Around the city are remains of prehistoric settlements dating to the Neolithic Age, including the rock paintings of Cueva de la Pileta. Ronda was however first settled by the early Celts, who, in the 6th century BC, called it Arunda. Later Phoenician settlers established themselves nearby to found Acinipo, known locally as Ronda la Vieja, Arunda or Old Ronda. The current Ronda is however of Roman origins, having been founded as a fortified post in the Second Punic War, by Scipio Africanus. Ronda received the title of city at the time of Julius Caesar.
In the 5th century AD Ronda was conquered by the Suebi, led by Rechila, being reconquered in the following century by the Eastern Roman Empire, under whose rule Acinipo was abandoned. Later the Visigoth king Leovigild captured the city. Ronda was part of the Visigoth reign until 713, when it fell to the Arabs, who named it Izn-Rand Onda ("city of the castle") and made it the capital of the Takurunna province.
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Salares
Salares is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. The municipality is situated approximately 58 kilometres from the city of Málaga and 28 from Vélez Málaga. It has a population of approximately 200 residents. The natives are called Salareños.
Coordinates: 36°51′N 4°01′W / 36.85°N 4.017°W / 36.85; -4.017
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Santiponce
Santiponce is a city located in the province of Seville, Spain. According to the 2006 census (INE), the city has a population of 7742 inhabitants.
The city contains the ruins of the Roman city Italica.
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Sayalonga
Sayalonga is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. The municipality is situated approximately 38 kilometres from the capital of Málaga and 12 from Vélez Málaga. It has a population of approximately 1,300 residents. The natives are called Sayones.
Media related to Sayalonga at Wikimedia Commons
Coordinates: 36°48′N 4°01′W / 36.8°N 4.017°W / 36.8; -4.017
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Sedella
Sedella is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. The municipality is situated approximately 54 kilometres from Málaga, 23 from Vélez Málaga and 8 from Canillas de Aceituno. It has a population of approximately 500 residents. The natives are called Sedellanos. The Patron Saint is St Andrew the Apostle. The village church has a bell tower dating back to Moorish time. Other signs of Moorish origin can also be found in one of the last bastions of the Moors. Sedella is also the Center for the Nature Park of Sierra Tejeda and Almijara with a Visitor Centre. The annual summer fiesta is in honour of the Virgin Mary of Esperanza (Hope).
Coordinates: 36°51′00″N 4°01′59″W / 36.850°N 4.033°W / 36.850; -4.033
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Serranía de Ronda
The Serranía de Ronda is a comarca in the western part of province of Málaga, Andalusia, Spain. As is currently (as of 2009) the norm in Andalusia, it has no formal status. The new 2007 Statute of Autonomy of Andalusia, unlike its 1981 predecessor, mentions comarcas in Article 97 of Title III, which defines the significance of comarcas and establishes a basis for formal recognition in future legislation, but no such legislation has yet been enacted.
According to the Provincial Deputation of Málaga, the comarca consists of the following municipalities:
The Andalusian Autonomous Government adds the municipalities of Cuevas del Becerro and El Burgo to this list.
Naturally, the basic statistics are slightly different, depending on whether or not Cuevas del Becerro and El Burgo are counted as part of the comarca.
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Seville
Seville (
/səˈvɪl/; Spanish: Sevilla, IPA: [seˈβiʎa], locally: [seˈβiʝa]; see also different names) is the capital of the autonomous community of Andalusia and of the province of Seville, Spain. It is situated on the plain of the River Guadalquivir, with an average elevation of 7 metres (23 ft) above sea level. The inhabitants of the city are known as sevillanos (feminine form: sevillanas) or hispalenses, following the Roman name of the city, Hispalis.
Seville is the fourth largest city of Spain with a municipal population of about 703 thousand as of 2011, and a metropolitan population (including satellite towns) of about 1.5 million, making it the 31st most populous municipality in the European Union. Its old town is the largest in Spain (covering almost four square kilometers), and is one of the three largest in Europe along with Venice and Genoa. The Seville harbor, located about 80 km from the Atlantic Ocean, is the only river port in Spain.
The University of Seville was founded in 1505. Recently ranked the third university in Spain (and 190th in the world), it currently has over 50,000 students.[citation needed]
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Sierra de Yeguas
Sierra de Yeguas is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. The municipality is situated approximately 95 kilometres from the provincial capital. It has a population of approximately 3,600 residents.
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Spain
Spain (i/ˈspeɪn/ SPAYN; Spanish: España, pronounced: [esˈpaɲa] (
listen)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España), is a sovereign state and a member of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar; to the north and north east by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal.
Spanish territory also includes the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean, the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean off the African coast, and two autonomous cities in North Africa, Ceuta and Melilla, that border Morocco. Furthermore, the town of Llívia is a Spanish exclave situated inside French territory. With an area of 504,030 square kilometres (194,610 sq mi), it is the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union after France, and the fourth largest country in Europe after Russia, Ukraine and France.
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Teba
Teba is a town (pueblo/municipio) in Spain.
Located on an outlying spur of the sierras north east of Ronda, some 15 kilometres north of Ardales, and with a population of some 4,300 people, it is part of the comarca(district) of Guadalteba and provincia of Málaga in Andalusia.
Below the town is the site of the Battle of Teba which took place in 1330 during the Reconquista. Sir James Douglas, a leading associate of King Robert I of Scotland, was killed there.
Coordinates: 36°58′N 4°56′W / 36.967°N 4.933°W / 36.967; -4.933
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Tolox
Tolox is a village and municipality in the province of Málaga, Andalusia, southern Spain. The municipality has a population of 2,317 (2006). It is situated in the centre of the Sierra de las Nieves Nature Park, at the foot of Sierra Blanca and Sierra Parda. In addition to La Torrecilla Peak (1,919 m.), there are ancient woodlands of Spanish Fir and gall oak. The municipality covers 94 km², has a mean elevation of 285 m. and mean geographical coordinates of 36° 41' 11" N, 4° 54' 16" E.
The village of Tolox has winding streets, with white-washed houses and doors and window boxes overflowing with flowers in season.
While the area was inhabited in Paleolithic times, the village of Tolox bears a Phoenician name and a Phoenician origin is confirmed by archaeological evidence. It was occupied by Rome and considerable rebuilding was done under Roman rule. Later it fell to the Visigoths and then to the Ummayad Arab invaders. Tolox was freed from Córdoba rule in 883 by Umar ibn Hafsun, who developed it to one of his main bases in the Serranía de Ronda. It did not fall until 921 when his son Süleyman surrendered it to Abd-ar-Rahman III .
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Torremolinos
Torremolinos is a municipality on the Costa del Sol of the Mediterranean, immediately to the west of the city of Málaga, in the province of Málaga in the autonomous region of Andalusia in southern Spain. A poor fishing village before the growth in tourism beginning in the late 1950s, Torremolinos was the first of the Costa del Sol resorts to develop.
It is very popular with British tourists and has a large British expatriate population. In the past the influx of younger British tourists has caused controversy. Areas of the town are dominated by high-rise development.
In addition to its tourism sector, Torremolinos is known locally for its vibrant nightlife, particularly its numerous bars and clubs catering to the LGBT community.
Archaeological finds including human bones, tools and pottery prove that Torremolinos area was settled as early as the Neolithic Age. Some remnants are neanderthalians and dated 150 000 years-old by radiocarbone.
According to the Egyptian Greek geographer Ptolemy, the Phoenicians had founded here a colony named Saduce, but the Romans are the most likey to have founded the current town, as shown by findings of edifices and a necropolis (from whose size it has been deduced that the settlement had around 2,000 inhabitants). They also built the road joining Cadiz with Málaga, passing through Torremolinos.
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Torrox
Torrox is a municipality in the province of Málaga in Andalusia, southern Spain.
It is frequented especially by German and British tourists. The city itself is divided into two sections: Torrox Costa on the sea and Torrox Pueblo, 4 km inland. Torrox is located in close proximity to Nerja. It has the motto "The Best Climate in Europe".
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Totalán
Totalán is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. The municipality is situated approximately 22 kilometres from Málaga and 13 from Rincón de la Victoria. It has a population of approximately 650 residents. The natives are called Totalatenses or Totalateños and the nickname is Rebotaos.
Coordinates: 36°46′01″N 4°16′59″W / 36.767°N 4.283°W / 36.767; -4.283
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Valle de Abdalajís
Valle de Abdalajís is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalucía in southern Spain. The municipality is situated approximately 50 kilometres from Málaga. It has a population of approximately 3000 residents. The natives are called Vallesteros or Vallunos.
The village is in the heart of the Penibetica mountain ranges and it's at the foot of the Abdalajís mountain range. The municipality is one of the smallest, in terms of area, in the province of Málaga. It has 21.4 km². It belongs to the Valle del Guadalhorce region.
Valle de Abdalajís is near to Antequera (21 km), Álora and the city of Malaga (50 km).
The vegetation of this county is typical of a Mediterranean mountain town, abounding in low brush scrub and xerophytic vegetation due to dry and hot weather. Furthermore, the rockiness of the mountains and the fate of the lands to the cultivation of almond, grain and olive trees, the forests are absent.
In the mountains gives predominantly the typical vegetation of Mediterranean limestone areas characterized by low scrub (thyme, rosemary, lavender, gorse, prickly pears, agaves, palms, rock roses, hawthorn and broom), plus a number lower plant as evergreens, vincas, St John's Wort, poppies, peonies, lilies, some types of orchids Mediterranean ... In the margins of the stream (The Arroyo de las piedras stream) are numerous species of vegetation of Mediterranean coastline and promenade, such as blackberries, rushes and sedges, Oleander, water lily, watercress, matagallos, ivy, ... However, the riparian woody vegetation has completely disappeared due to cultivation of the fields adjacent to the stream.
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Villanueva de Tapia
Villanueva de Tapia is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. The municipality is situated approximately 67 kilometres from Málaga. It has a population of approximately 1,700 residents. The natives are called Tapienses or Entricheros.
Coordinates: 37°11′N 4°20′W / 37.183°N 4.333°W / 37.183; -4.333
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Viñuela
Viñuela is a municipality in the province of Málaga, Spain. The village of La Viñuela is situated 47 kilometres from Málaga and 19 kilometres from the coast at Torre del Mar. The village sits at a height of 150 metres above sea level. Inhabitants are called viñoleros.
La Viñuela is dominated by the landscape of La Maroma which belongs to the mountain range known as Sierra de Tejeda and at a height of 2068m is the highest mountain in Axarquía. Another dominant feature of the landscape is that of the reservoir known in English as Lake Viñuela; it holds 170 million cubic metres of water and is surrounded by picnic areas, some with barbecues. Swimming and non-motorised water sports are also permitted here.
The village grew during the 18th century around a building called La Venta La Viña, which fed and watered weary travellers en route between the coast and inland Granada, which is still a centre for the old men of the village to meet for a game of dominoes. The village was named after the vines which grow in the area and from this building where local wine was sold. In 2011 the population was 1980 inhabitants, according to data from the INE, which is the Spanish Institute of National Statistics.
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Yunquera
Yunquera is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalucía in southern Spain. The municipality is situated approximately 36 kilometres from Ronda and 63 from the city of Málaga. It has a population of approximately 3300 residents. The natives are called Yunqueranos.
Coordinates: 36°43′59″N 4°55′01″W / 36.733°N 4.917°W / 36.733; -4.917
Yunquera is a traditional Spanish town with beautiful scenery and a relaxed atmosphere. While it is becoming more and more of a tourist spot, this quiet little town remains shrouded in history and totally self reliant.
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Álora
Álora is a municipality in southern Spain in the autonomous community of Andalusia. It is a part of the province of Málaga, located c. 40 km from Málaga, on the right bank of the river Guadalhorce, and on the Córdoba-Málaga high-speed rail line. It is located in the center of the province, within the comarca of Valle del Guadalhorce. It is a typical pueblo blanco, a whitewashed village nestled between three rocky spurs topped by the ruins of the castle.
The municipality covers an area of 169 km2 that covers a wide territory in which large landforms of Malaga are located. The hills are occupied by cereal, olive and oak trees and orchards of fruit and vegetables that cover the valley floor. Its population reaches 13,436 inhabitants, according to the INE census of 2008.
Alora's history dates back to prehistoric times in the Hoyo del Conde, a little over a kilometer from the city. The ecological environment (hunting, water, natural protection) favored this presence until the Turdetanis of Tartessos and the Phoenicians discovered the commercial potential of the area. The latter built the foundations of the castle, which the the Romans would take advantage of by fortifying it.
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Árchez
Árchez is a small village in the province of Málaga, in southern Spain. The village is situated approximately 21 kilometres from Vélez Málaga. It has a population of approximately 408 residents, which are known as Archeros.
Archez is located on the foothills of the Sierra Almijara on the scenic Mudejar Route which winds its way through some of the most picturesque white-washed villages of the Axarquia.
Archez has a beautiful valley setting. The River Turvilla runs through the village. Following the course of the river, a beautiful walk takes you up into the hills and into the neighbouring village of Canillas D'Albaida. Along the course of the river, are the remains of three old flour mills, an indication of Archez's previous status as an important farming village. Today, most of the village slopes are filled with vines, avocado and olive trees, and the local farmers can be seen with their mules collecting their harvests.
The peaceful village comes alive for one weekend in August when its annual Fiesta takes place. Fireworks, music and the famous horse race transform this sleepy village into a 24hr party venue as the Archeros celebrate in style. Adjoined to the parish church of Nuestra Señora de la Encarnacíon is a 16th century Mudéjar tower whose minaret dates from the 13th century.
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Úbeda
Úbeda (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈuβeða]; from Arabic Ubbada al-`Arab) is a town in the province of Jaén in Spain's autonomous community of Andalusia, with some 36,025 inhabitants. Both this city and the neighboring city of Baeza benefited from extensive patronage in the early 16th century resulting in the construction of a series of Renaissance style palaces and churches, which have been preserved ever since. In 2003, UNESCO declared the historic cores and monuments of these two towns a World Heritage Site.
Recent archaeological findings indicate a pre-Roman settlement at Úbeda. Romans and later Visigoths occupied the site as a settlement. This area became an important city in the Muslim conquest of the Iberia. It was refounded by Abd ar-Rahman II (822–852), who called it أُبَّدَة الْعَرَب (Ubbadat-Al-Arab). It was included in the area of Jaén. In this period, its territory extended to more than 35,000 hectares.
During the Reconquista, in 1233, king Ferdinand III was able to wrest the town from the Muslim rulers. After that, the Muslim, Christian and Jewish cultures coexisted for a long time.
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Abbas Ibn Firnas
Abbas Ibn Firnas (810–887 A.D.), also known as Abbas Abu Al-Qasim Ibn Firnas Ibn Wirdas al-Takurini and عباس بن فرناس (Arabic language), was a Muslim Andalusian polymath:an inventor, engineer, aviator, physician, Arabic poet, and Andalusian musician. Of Berber descent, he was born in Izn-Rand Onda, Al-Andalus (today's Ronda, Spain), and lived in the Emirate of Córdoba. He is known for an early attempt at aviation.
Ibn Firnas designed a water clock called Al-Maqata, devised a means of manufacturing colorless glass, invented various glass planispheres, made corrective lenses ("reading stones"), devised a chain of rings that could be used to simulate the motions of the planets and stars, and developed a process for cutting rock crystal that allowed Spain to cease exporting quartz to Egypt to be cut.
In his house, he built a room in which spectators witnessed stars, clouds, thunder, and lightning, which were produced by mechanisms located in his basement laboratory. He also devised "some sort of metronome."
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Ernest Hemingway
Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961) was an American author and journalist. His economical and understated style had a strong influence on 20th-century fiction, while his life of adventure and his public image influenced later generations. Hemingway produced most of his work between the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s, and won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. He published seven novels, six short story collections and two non-fiction works. Three novels, four collections of short stories and three non-fiction works were published posthumously. Many of these are considered classics of American literature.
Hemingway was raised in Oak Park, Illinois. After high school he reported for a few months for The Kansas City Star, before leaving for the Italian front to enlist with the World War I ambulance drivers. In 1918, he was seriously wounded and returned home. His wartime experiences formed the basis for his novel A Farewell to Arms. In 1922, he married Hadley Richardson, the first of his four wives. The couple moved to Paris, where he worked as a foreign correspondent, and fell under the influence of the modernist writers and artists of the 1920s "Lost Generation" expatriate community. The Sun Also Rises, Hemingway's first novel, was published in 1926.
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George Eliot
Mary Anne (alternatively Mary Ann or Marian) Evans (22 November 1819 – 22 December 1880), better known by her pen name George Eliot, was an English novelist, journalist and translator, and one of the leading writers of the Victorian era. She is the author of seven novels, including Adam Bede (1859), The Mill on the Floss (1860), Silas Marner (1861), Middlemarch (1871–72), and Daniel Deronda (1876), most of them set in provincial England and well known for their realism and psychological insight.
She used a male pen name, she said, to ensure her works would be taken seriously. Female authors were published under their own names during Eliot's life, but she wanted to escape the stereotype of women only writing lighthearted romances. An additional factor in her use of a pen name may have been a desire to shield her private life from public scrutiny and to prevent scandals attending her relationship with the married George Henry Lewes, with whom she lived for over 20 years.
Her 1872 work, Middlemarch, has been described as the greatest novel in the English language by Martin Amis and by Julian Barnes.
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Giorgio Armani
Giorgio Armani (pronounced [ˈdʒordʒo arˈmaːni]; born 11 July 1934) is an Italian fashion designer, particularly noted for his menswear. He is known today for his clean, tailored lines. He formed his company, Armani, in 1975, and by 2001 was acclaimed as the most successful designer to come out of Italy, with an annual turnover of $1.6 billion and a personal fortune of $7 billion as of 2012.
He was born in the northern Italian town of Piacenza, where he was raised with two other siblings,Mariana Armani and Penelope Armani(who also work along with him), along with his mother Maria Raimondi and father Ugo Armani. Armani aspired to a career in medicine after reading A. J. Cronin's The Citadel, and enrolled at the Catholic University of the Sacred Heart. In 1953, after two years of studies, he was called to military service, which included working in a military hospital. The experience convinced him that he was not cut out to be a doctor.
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Gustave Doré
Paul Gustave Doré (French pronunciation: [pɔl ɡystav dɔʁe]; January 6, 1832 – January 23, 1883) was a French artist, engraver, illustrator and sculptor. Doré worked primarily with wood engraving and steel engraving.
Doré was born in Strasbourg and his first illustrated story was published at the age of fifteen. His talent was evident even earlier, however. At age five he had been a prodigy troublemaker, playing pranks that were mature beyond his years. Seven years later, he began carving in cement. Subsequently, as a young man, he began work as a literary illustrator in Paris, winning commissions to depict scenes from books by Rabelais, Balzac, Milton and Dante.
In 1853, Doré was asked to illustrate the works of Lord Byron. This commission was followed by additional work for British publishers, including a new illustrated English Bible. A decade later, he illustrated a French edition of Cervantes's Don Quixote, and his depictions of the knight and his squire, Sancho Panza, have become so famous that they have influenced subsequent readers, artists, and stage and film directors' ideas of the physical "look" of the two characters. Doré also illustrated an oversized edition of Edgar Allan Poe's "The Raven", an endeavor that earned him 30,000 francs from publisher Harper & Brothers in 1883.
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Julius Caesar
Gaius Julius Caesar (Classical Latin: [ˈɡaː.i.ʊs ˈjuː.lɪ.ʊs ˈkaj.sar], July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC) was a Roman general and statesman and a distinguished writer of Latin prose. He played a critical role in the gradual transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire.
In 60 BC, Caesar, Crassus and Pompey formed a political alliance that was to dominate Roman politics for several years. Their attempts to amass power through populist tactics were opposed by the conservative elite within the Roman Senate[citation needed], among them Cato the Younger with the frequent support of Cicero. Caesar's conquest of Gaul, completed by 51 BC, extended Rome's territory to the English Channel and the Rhine. Caesar became the first Roman general to cross both when he built a bridge across the Rhine and conducted the first invasion of Britain.
These achievements granted him unmatched military power and threatened to eclipse Pompey's standing. The balance of power was further upset by the death of Crassus in 53 BC. Political realignments in Rome finally led to a standoff between Caesar and Pompey, the latter having taken up the cause of the Senate. Ordered by the Senate to stand trial in Rome for various charges, Caesar marched on Rome with one legion—legio XIII—from Gaul to Italy, crossing the Rubicon in 49 BC. This sparked a civil war from which he emerged as the unrivaled leader of the Roman world.
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Orson Welles
George Orson Welles (May 6, 1915 – October 10, 1985) was an American actor, director, writer and producer who worked extensively in theater, radio and film. He is best remembered for his innovative work in all three media, most notably Caesar (1937), a groundbreaking Broadway adaption of Julius Caesar and the debut of the Mercury Theatre; The War of the Worlds (1938), the most famous broadcast in the history of radio; and Citizen Kane (1941), which many critics and scholars name as the best film of all time.
After directing a number of high-profile theatrical productions in his early twenties, including an innovative adaptation of Macbeth and The Cradle Will Rock, Welles found national and international fame as the director and narrator of a 1938 radio adaptation of H. G. Wells' novel The War of the Worlds performed for the radio drama anthology series Mercury Theatre on the Air. It was reported to have caused widespread panic when listeners thought that an invasion by extraterrestrial beings was occurring. Although these reports of panic were mostly false and overstated, they rocketed Welles to instant notoriety.
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Phoenicians
Phoenicia (UK /fɨˈnɪʃə/, US /fəˈniːʃə/; from the Greek: Φοινίκη: Phoiníkē), was an ancient Semitic Canaanite civilization situated on the western, coastal part of the Fertile Crescent. The major Phoenician cities were on the coastline of the Mediterranean. It was an enterprising maritime trading culture that spread across the Mediterranean from 1550 BC to 300 BC. The Phoenicians used the galley, a man-powered sailing vessel, and are credited with the invention of the bireme. They were famed in Classical Greece and Rome as 'traders in purple', referring to their monopoly on the precious purple dye of the Murex snail, used, among other things, for royal clothing, and for their spread of the alphabet (or abjad), upon which all major modern phonetic alphabets are derived.
In the Amarna tablets of the 14th century BC, people from the region called themselves Kenaani or Kinaani (Canaanites), although these letters predate the invasion of the Sea Peoples by over a century. Much later, in the 6th century BC, Hecataeus of Miletus writes that Phoenicia was formerly called χνα, a name Philo of Byblos later adopted into his mythology as his eponym for the Phoenicians: "Khna who was afterwards called Phoinix". Egyptian seafaring expeditions had already been made to Byblos to bring back "cedars of Lebanon" as early as the third millennium BC.
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Pliny the Elder
Gaius Plinius Secundus (23 AD – August 25, 79 AD), better known as Pliny the Elder, was a Roman author, naturalist, and natural philosopher, as well as naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and personal friend of the emperor Vespasian. Spending most of his spare time studying, writing or investigating natural and geographic phenomena in the field, he wrote an encyclopedic work, Naturalis Historia, which became a model for all such works written subsequently. Pliny the Younger, his nephew, wrote of him in a letter to the historian Tacitus:
Pliny is referring to the fact that Tacitus relied on his uncle's now missing work on the History of the German Wars. Pliny the Elder died on August 25, 79 AD, while attempting the rescue by ship of a friend and his family from the eruption of Mount Vesuvius that had just destroyed the cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum. The prevailing wind would not allow his ship to leave the shore. His companions attributed his collapse and death to toxic fumes; but they were unaffected by the fumes, suggesting natural causes.
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Prosper Mérimée
Prosper Mérimée (28 September 1803 – 23 September 1870) was a French dramatist, historian, archaeologist, and short story writer. He is perhaps best known for his novella Carmen, which became the basis of Bizet's opera Carmen.
Prosper Mérimée was born in Paris. He studied law as well as Greek, Spanish, English, and Russian. He was the first interpreter of much Russian literature in France.
Mérimée loved mysticism, history, the unusual, and mystification (in the latter he was influenced by Charles Nodier), the historical fiction popularised by Sir Walter Scott and the cruelty and psychological drama of Aleksandr Pushkin. Many of his stories are mysteries set in foreign places, Spain and Russia being popular sources of inspiration.
In 1834, Mérimée was appointed to the post of inspector-general of historical monuments. He was a born archaeologist, combining linguistic faculty of a very unusual kind with accurate scholarship, with remarkable historical appreciation, and with a sincere love for the arts of design and construction, in the former of which he had some practical skill. In his official capacity he published numerous letters and reports, some of which, with other similar pieces, have been republished in his works.
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Rechila
Rechila (died 448) was the Suevic King of Galicia from 438 until his death. There are few primary sources for his life, but Hydatius was a contemporary Christian (non-Arian) chronicler in Galicia.
Rechila had a sister, Ricina, and a brother, Ricimer, who became the de facto ruler of the Western Roman Empire. Rechila married a daughter of Wallia, king of the Visigoths. When his father, Hermeric, turned ill in 438, he retired from active political life (dying in 441) and handed the reins of government and the royal title over to his son. He endeavoured to expand the Suevic kingdom to fill the vacuum left by the retiring Vandals and Alans. In 438 he defeated Andevotus, the comes Hispaniarum, on the river Genil (Singillio). The Roman position in Iberia became so tenuous that three magistri utriusque militiae (masters of both services) were sent to the peninsula between 441 and 446.
Invading southern Iberia, Rechila took the provincial capitals of Mérida in 439 and Seville in 441. These conquests were extremely significant, but nothing of the sequence of events leading to them is known. The provinces of Lusitania, Baetica, and Carthaginiensis were subjected to the Suevi with the exception of the Levante and the Mediterranean seaboard.
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Scipio Africanus
Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus (236–183 BC), also known as Scipio Africanus, Scipio the Elder, and Scipio the Great was a general in the Second Punic War and statesman of the Roman Republic. He was best known for defeating Hannibal at the final battle of the Second Punic War at Zama, a feat that earned him the agnomen Africanus, the nickname "the Roman Hannibal", as well as recognition as one of the finest commanders in military history. An earlier great display of his tactical abilities had come already at the Battle of Ilipa.
Publius Cornelius Scipio, later Africanus from his victory at the Battle of Zama, the founder of the Africanus branch of the Cornelii Scipiones, was born by Caesarian section into the Scipio branch of the Cornelia gens. The birth year is calculated from a series of statements made by multiple ancient historians of how old he was when certain events in his life occurred. The statements all seem to agree or be reconcilable: if he was 17 when he led a charge to his father's rescue at the Battle of Ticinus (218 BC), and 24 when he volunteered to take over the army in Hispania when no one else would (211 BC), after the defeat and death there of his uncle and father, the two consuls, and 27 when he led a victorious campaign against the city of New Carthage on the coast of Hispania (209 BC), then he must have been born in 236/5, usually stated as 236 BC. The year was 517 from the foundation of Rome.
wn.com/Scipio_Africanus -
Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil War was a major conflict fought in Spain from 17 July 1936 to 1 April 1939. The war began after a pronunciamiento (declaration of opposition) by a group of generals under the leadership of José Sanjurjo against the elected government of the Second Spanish Republic, at the time under the leadership of President Manuel Azaña. The rebel coup was supported by a number of conservative groups including the Spanish Confederation of the Autonomous Right, monarchists such as the religious conservative Carlists, and the Fascist Falange. The uprising was authoritarian and anti-separatist in inspiration; anti-Basque and anti-Catalan feeling marked the Nationalist zone.
Following the only partially successful coup, Spain was left militarily and politically divided. From that moment onwards, general Francisco Franco began a protracted war of attrition against the established government for the control of the country. The rebel forces received the support of Nazi Germany and the Kingdom of Italy, as well as neighbouring Portugal, while the Soviet Union and Mexico intervened in support of the Republican government or loyalist side.
wn.com/Spanish_Civil_War -
Suebi
The Suebi or Suevi (from Proto-Germanic *swēbaz based on the Proto-Germanic root *swē- meaning "one's own" people, from an Indo-European root *swe-, the third person reflexive pronoun) were a group of Germanic peoples who were first mentioned by Julius Caesar in connection with Ariovistus' campaign, c. 58 BC;
Some Suebi remained a periodic threat against the Romans on the Rhine, until, toward the end of the empire, the Alamanni, including elements of Suebi, brushed aside Roman defenses and occupied Alsace, and from there Bavaria and Switzerland. A pocket remained in Swabia (an area in southwest Germany whose modern name derives from the ancient name), whereas migrants to Gallaecia (modern Galicia, in Spain, and Northern Portugal) established a kingdom there which lasted for 170 years until its integration into the Visigothic Kingdom.
In the classical sources, the ethnonym Suebi is used with two different meanings: the specific tribe of Caesar's campaign, "dwelling on the Main", and "broadly, to cover a large number of tribes in central Germany." The broad view is expressed in Tacitus's Germania, a basic written source for the Suebic peoples that states:
wn.com/Suebi -
Washington Irving
Washington Irving (April 3, 1783 – November 28, 1859) was an American author, essayist, biographer and historian of the early 19th century. He is best known for his short stories "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" and "Rip Van Winkle", both of which appear in his book The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. His historical works include biographies of George Washington, Oliver Goldsmith and Muhammad, and several histories of 15th-century Spain dealing with subjects such as Christopher Columbus, the Moors, and the Alhambra. Irving also served as the U.S. ambassador to Spain from 1842 to 1846.
He made his literary debut in 1802 with a series of observational letters to the Morning Chronicle, written under the pseudonym Jonathan Oldstyle. After moving to England for the family business in 1815, he achieved international fame with the publication of The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. in 1819. He continued to publish regularly—and almost always successfully—throughout his life, and completed a five-volume biography of George Washington just eight months before his death, at age 76, in Tarrytown, New York.
wn.com/Washington_Irving
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UFC 157: Ronda Rousey and Liz Carmouche Post-Fight Interviews
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:21
- Updated: 07 Mar 2013
UFC women's bantamweight champion Ronda Rousey and challenger Liz Carmouche discuss their historic bout at UFC 157.
http://wn.com/UFC_157_Ronda_Rousey_and_Liz_Carmouche_Post-Fight_Interviews
UFC women's bantamweight champion Ronda Rousey and challenger Liz Carmouche discuss their historic bout at UFC 157.
Ronda Rousey MMA Highlight
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:37
- Updated: 04 Mar 2013
Bronze Medalist in the 2008 Olympics in Judo, undefeated as an amateur mma fighter & currently 4-0 as a pro. More info on http://www.rondamma.com/ or follow ...
http://wn.com/Ronda_Rousey_MMA_Highlight
Bronze Medalist in the 2008 Olympics in Judo, undefeated as an amateur mma fighter & currently 4-0 as a pro. More info on http://www.rondamma.com/ or follow ...
- published: 22 Nov 2011
- views: 638561
- author: JamesBlair7
Andalucia es de cine - Ronda I
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:39
- Updated: 19 Feb 2013
Andalucia es de cine - Ronda I.avi.
http://wn.com/Andalucia_es_de_cine_Ronda_I
UFC 157 Ronda Rousey vs Liz Carmouche Weigh-In
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:50
- Updated: 06 Mar 2013
UFC 157 Ronda Rousey vs Liz Carmouche WeighIn. sky284778 videos. Subscribe Subscribed Unsubscribe 756. 250438. Like 138 Dislike 19. Like. Sign in to youtube. Sign in with your youtube Accountyoutube Google+ Gmail ... Top Comments. Remove; Report profile image; Flag for spam; Block User; Unblock User. missnatty93 1 week ago. WowRonda is just so beautiful lmao No one can wreck that pretty face in the ring. Reply 18. Sign in to youtube. Sign in with your youtube Accountyoutube Google+ ...
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UFC 157 Ronda Rousey vs Liz Carmouche WeighIn. sky284778 videos. Subscribe Subscribed Unsubscribe 756. 250438. Like 138 Dislike 19. Like. Sign in to youtube. Sign in with your youtube Accountyoutube Google+ Gmail ... Top Comments. Remove; Report profile image; Flag for spam; Block User; Unblock User. missnatty93 1 week ago. WowRonda is just so beautiful lmao No one can wreck that pretty face in the ring. Reply 18. Sign in to youtube. Sign in with your youtube Accountyoutube Google+ ...
- published: 23 Feb 2013
- views: 251290
- author: sky2847
Ronda, Spain: Gorge-Straddling Hill Town
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:30
- Updated: 26 Feb 2013
Spaniards know Ronda, one of the White Hill Towns of Andalucía, as the cradle of modern bullfighting and for its stunning cliffside location. The real joy of...
http://wn.com/Ronda,_Spain_Gorge-Straddling_Hill_Town
Spaniards know Ronda, one of the White Hill Towns of Andalucía, as the cradle of modern bullfighting and for its stunning cliffside location. The real joy of...
- published: 21 Feb 2012
- views: 10567
- author: RickSteves
Jamelao Ronda
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:54
- Updated: 04 Mar 2013
Descanse em Paz.. Eterno Jamelão R.I.P. "De noite eu rondo a cidade a te procurar sem encontrar"... divirtam-se boemios solitarios!
http://wn.com/Jamelao_Ronda
Descanse em Paz.. Eterno Jamelão R.I.P. "De noite eu rondo a cidade a te procurar sem encontrar"... divirtam-se boemios solitarios!
- published: 22 Feb 2008
- views: 201092
- author: gordoguilherme
UFC 157: Ronda Rousey vs. Liz Carmouche- Rousey Workout/Training in Big Bear
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:11
- Updated: 05 Mar 2013
For more log onto http://www.fighthubtv.com Like us:http://on.fb.me/xWRC1f follow us:http://bit.ly/wACkIv videos uploaded daily! Subscribe: http://goo.gl/vnz...
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- published: 18 Feb 2013
- views: 236252
- author: fighthub
UFC 157: Ronda Rousey's Pre-Fight Open Workout (30+ minutes complete + unedited)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 32:43
- Updated: 06 Mar 2013
MMA H.E.A.T. brings you UFC Women's Bantamweight Champ Ronda Rousey's complete pre-fight open workout, which took place in advance of her title defense again...
http://wn.com/UFC_157_Ronda_Rousey's_Pre-Fight_Open_Workout_30+_minutes_complete_+_unedited
MMA H.E.A.T. brings you UFC Women's Bantamweight Champ Ronda Rousey's complete pre-fight open workout, which took place in advance of her title defense again...
- published: 21 Feb 2013
- views: 38944
- author: Karyn Bryant
MMA Champ Ronda Rousey: I'd Beat The Crap Out of Kim Kardashian
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:08
- Updated: 05 Mar 2013
esnews.
http://wn.com/MMA_Champ_Ronda_Rousey_I'd_Beat_The_Crap_Out_of_Kim_Kardashian_
Travelling to Ronda - Spain
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:48
- Updated: 02 Mar 2013
Sneak peak on world destinations.
http://wn.com/Travelling_to_Ronda_Spain
Maria Bethânia interpretando "Ronda"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:54
- Updated: 24 Feb 2013
Maria Bethânia cantando um de seus maiores sucessos, a música "Ronda", de autoria de Paulo Vanzolini. Essa canção foi gravada por Bethânia no disco "Álibi", ...
http://wn.com/Maria_Bethânia_interpretando_Ronda
Maria Bethânia cantando um de seus maiores sucessos, a música "Ronda", de autoria de Paulo Vanzolini. Essa canção foi gravada por Bethânia no disco "Álibi", ...
- published: 29 Sep 2010
- views: 49246
- author: YayaMassemba
Ronda niekierowane - dworzec PKS/PKP w Krakowie
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:57
- Updated: 18 Jan 2013
Auto Szkoła http://aLejazda.eu - Portal http://www.PrawoJazdy-Krakow.info Manewry zawracania i lewoskrętu na rondach bez świateł obok dworca PKP i PKS w Krak...
http://wn.com/Ronda_niekierowane_dworzec_PKS_PKP_w_Krakowie
Auto Szkoła http://aLejazda.eu - Portal http://www.PrawoJazdy-Krakow.info Manewry zawracania i lewoskrętu na rondach bez świateł obok dworca PKP i PKS w Krak...
- published: 16 Jan 2011
- views: 18339
- author: AleJazdaKrakow
Ronda de los animalitos HD (Canal Oficial - Juguemos en el campo)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:13
- Updated: 05 Mar 2013
http://itunes.apple.com/us/artist/elizabeth-carmona-c./id464310560?l=es Autora y Compositora: Elizabeth Carmona / Arreglos musicales: Isaac González / Voces:...
http://wn.com/Ronda_de_los_animalitos_HD_Canal_Oficial_Juguemos_en_el_campo
http://itunes.apple.com/us/artist/elizabeth-carmona-c./id464310560?l=es Autora y Compositora: Elizabeth Carmona / Arreglos musicales: Isaac González / Voces:...
- published: 06 Apr 2011
- views: 821472
- author: atiempopreescolar
Rafael de Paula da la nota en la entrega de la Llave de Oro del Parador de Ronda
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:36
- Updated: 06 Mar 2013
Rafael de Paula da la nota en la entrega de la Llave de Oro del Parador de Ronda. canalcharry1302 videos. Subscribe Subscribed Unsubscribe 325. 122563. Like 120 Dislike 56. Like .... Juv Torremolinos 0 cd Ronda 3 Resumen y entrevistas a Pierini De María y Fauchoby canalcharry 673 views; 346. Watch Later DE LO QUE CAE DEL CIELO RAFAEL DE PAULAby elartespa4 25117 views; 445. Watch Later RAFAEL DE PAULA EL SOPLOby elartespa4 32044 views; 128. Watch Later Veronicas de ...
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Rafael de Paula da la nota en la entrega de la Llave de Oro del Parador de Ronda. canalcharry1302 videos. Subscribe Subscribed Unsubscribe 325. 122563. Like 120 Dislike 56. Like .... Juv Torremolinos 0 cd Ronda 3 Resumen y entrevistas a Pierini De María y Fauchoby canalcharry 673 views; 346. Watch Later DE LO QUE CAE DEL CIELO RAFAEL DE PAULAby elartespa4 25117 views; 445. Watch Later RAFAEL DE PAULA EL SOPLOby elartespa4 32044 views; 128. Watch Later Veronicas de ...
- published: 07 Sep 2012
- views: 122565
- author: CanalCharry
Ronda Rousey | The Power of One
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:39
- Updated: 07 Mar 2013
I do not officially "present" this. It was more a way to say I edited this footage. I own nothing. All registered copyrights and registered trademarks are ow...
http://wn.com/Ronda_Rousey_|_The_Power_of_One
I do not officially "present" this. It was more a way to say I edited this footage. I own nothing. All registered copyrights and registered trademarks are ow...
- published: 05 Mar 2013
- views: 18218
- author: FlyWinEvolutionsEnt
UFC 157: Ronda Rousey Belt Feature
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:24
- Updated: 03 Mar 2013
Ronda Rousey is crowned the first-ever UFC women's bantamweight champion. Hear what she had to say about the title, her expectations, and headlining UFC 157 ...
http://wn.com/UFC_157_Ronda_Rousey_Belt_Feature
Ronda Rousey is crowned the first-ever UFC women's bantamweight champion. Hear what she had to say about the title, her expectations, and headlining UFC 157 ...
- published: 07 Dec 2012
- views: 70042
- author: UFC
UFC 157: Ronda Rousey Pre-Fight Interview
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:40
- Updated: 05 Mar 2013
UFC women's bantamweight champion Ronda Rousey explains how she's been able to stay focused heading into her title defense against 'legit tough chick' Liz Ca...
http://wn.com/UFC_157_Ronda_Rousey_Pre-Fight_Interview
UFC women's bantamweight champion Ronda Rousey explains how she's been able to stay focused heading into her title defense against 'legit tough chick' Liz Ca...
- published: 12 Feb 2013
- views: 65671
- author: UFC
Women MMA champ Ronda Rousey on Sportsnation
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:48
- Updated: 05 Mar 2013
Feb. 18, 2013 Strikeforce / UFC bantamweight women's champion Ronda Rousey gets competitive in the Sportsnation studio. courtesy of ESPN.
http://wn.com/Women_MMA_champ_Ronda_Rousey_on_Sportsnation
Feb. 18, 2013 Strikeforce / UFC bantamweight women's champion Ronda Rousey gets competitive in the Sportsnation studio. courtesy of ESPN.
- published: 19 Feb 2013
- views: 27899
- author: GreatValleyMuscle
Behind the scenes of Ronda Rousey's training camp in Big Bear: UFC 157
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:33
- Updated: 06 Mar 2013
For more log onto http://www.fighthubtv.com Like us:http://on.fb.me/xWRC1f follow us:http://bit.ly/wACkIv videos uploaded daily! Subscribe: http://goo.gl/vnz...
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- published: 16 Feb 2013
- views: 75487
- author: fighthub
UFC 157: Ronda Rousey vs. Liz Carmouche full weigh in weighin - Pesagem 22/02/2013
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:33
- Updated: 27 Feb 2013
Tudo pronto para a primeira luta feminina da história do Ultimate. Ronda Rousey e Liz Carmouche passaram pela balança nesta sexta-feira e bateram com sobras ...
http://wn.com/UFC_157_Ronda_Rousey_vs_Liz_Carmouche_full_weigh_in_weighin_Pesagem_22_02_2013
Tudo pronto para a primeira luta feminina da história do Ultimate. Ronda Rousey e Liz Carmouche passaram pela balança nesta sexta-feira e bateram com sobras ...
- published: 23 Feb 2013
- views: 12252
- author: Marcelo Rocha
Dana White: Ronda Rousey Smokes You Tito Ortiz at Same Point in Career
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:56
- Updated: 06 Mar 2013
http://www.MMAWeekly.com/ -- Usually, UFC president Dana Whit doesn't like to talk about numbers, but he went off the wall to express how Ronda Rousey and Li...
http://wn.com/Dana_White_Ronda_Rousey_Smokes_You_Tito_Ortiz_at_Same_Point_in_Career
http://www.MMAWeekly.com/ -- Usually, UFC president Dana Whit doesn't like to talk about numbers, but he went off the wall to express how Ronda Rousey and Li...
- published: 01 Feb 2013
- views: 102283
- author: MMAWeeklyVideos
Gharnati de Rabat avec Bahaa Ronda
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:39
- Updated: 04 Mar 2013
Gharnati de Rabat avec Bahaa Ronda.
http://wn.com/Gharnati_de_Rabat_avec_Bahaa_Ronda
RONDA DE LAS VOCALES
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:17
- Updated: 06 Mar 2013
RONDA DE LAS VOCALES. Codiscos592 videos. Subscribe Subscribed Unsubscribe 82461. 18685178. Like 4253 Dislike 1259. Like. Sign in to youtube. Sign in with your youtube Accountyoutube Google+ Gmail Orkut Picasa or Chrome to like Codiscoss video. Sign in. I dislike this. Sign in to youtube. Sign in with your youtube Accountyoutube Google+ Gmail Orkut Picasa or Chrome to dislike Codiscoss video. Sign in. About Share Add to. Sign in to youtube. Sign in with your youtube Accountyoutube ...
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RONDA DE LAS VOCALES. Codiscos592 videos. Subscribe Subscribed Unsubscribe 82461. 18685178. Like 4253 Dislike 1259. Like. Sign in to youtube. Sign in with your youtube Accountyoutube Google+ Gmail Orkut Picasa or Chrome to like Codiscoss video. Sign in. I dislike this. Sign in to youtube. Sign in with your youtube Accountyoutube Google+ Gmail Orkut Picasa or Chrome to dislike Codiscoss video. Sign in. About Share Add to. Sign in to youtube. Sign in with your youtube Accountyoutube ...
- published: 17 Feb 2010
- views: 18685178
- author: Codiscos
photo: AP / Aaron Favila
05 Mar 2013
Manila. Members of a major Philippine Muslim rebel force who were meant to have disarmed in the 1990s as part of a peace pact are involved in deadly battles in Malaysia, the group’s leader said on Tuesday. Nur Misuari, who founded the Moro National Liberation Front in the late 1960s, confirmed “freedom fighters” from his group were part of the militia sent by a self-proclaimed sultan to claim the Malaysian state of Sabah....(size: 2.6Kb)
photo: AP / Ronald Zak
06 Mar 2013
6 March 2013 –. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon today urged an end to violence and encouraged dialogue among all parties to peacefully resolve the situation in Sabah, Malaysia ... Mr ... News Tracker. past stories on this issue ... Source....(size: 1.3Kb)
photo: US Army / Edward N. Johnson
06 Mar 2013
North Korea has threatened to cancel the 1953 ceasefire that ended the Korean War, citing a US-led push for punishing UN sanctions over its recent nuclear test and ongoing US-South Korean joint military drills. The threat came on Tuesday as the United States, with Chinese backing, introduced a draft UN resolution to punish North Korea for its nuclear test on February 12 ... 415 Source.. Agencies. Share. Send Feedback ... China ... News ... ....(size: 7.2Kb)
photo: WN / Emico Silalahi
05 Mar 2013
KOTA KINABALU. The Suluks stand united in accepting Malaysia as their motherland and support any move by the national security forces to evict the armed intruders from Sabah soil. Suluk groups here and in the peninsula said that although they and the intruders were clansmen, their loyalty and support was for Malaysia ... “They have invaded our homeland and had been cruel and acted like uncivilised people ... ....(size: 3.6Kb)
photo: AP / Lai Seng Sin
05 Mar 2013
KUALA LUMPUR. Malaysian security forces attacked a group of armed Filipinos early Tuesday to end the group's three-week occupation of a Borneo village, the prime minister said after the siege turned violent and became Malaysia's biggest security crisis in years ... The Philippine government asked Malaysia on Monday to exercise maximum tolerance to avoid further bloodshed ... 9 ... ....(size: 4.7Kb)
U~T San Diego
07 Mar 2013
El enfrentamiento en la sede de Fukuoda (Japón), donde ya estaba todo decidido con ambos equipos clasificados para la segunda ronda que comenzará el viernes en Tokio, si sirvió para ver que Cuba manda un mensaje claro no sólo al país anfitrión, bicampeón del torneo, sino también al resto de los equipos participantes ... Japón ganó a Cuba en la final del 2006 y dos veces durante la segunda ronda de la edición del 2009....(size: 4.7Kb)
Lower Hudson Online
07 Mar 2013
UFC’s Lorenzo Fertitta, Ronda Rousey, Chris Weidman on NY’s MMA ban appeared first on Politics ......(size: 0.5Kb)
New York Post Online
07 Mar 2013
ALBANY — Assembly Speaker Sheldon Silver may be ready to throw in the towel over his long-running battle to block ultimate fighting ... Officials from the Ultimate Fighting Championship have lobbied state lawmakers for years to lift the ban and were at it again yesterday at the Capitol with women’s bantamweight champ Ronda Rousey ... ... ....(size: 1.7Kb)
Times Union
07 Mar 2013
ALBANY — The state Senate approved a bill legalizing professional mixed martial arts bouts — a measure that has passed the chamber before, only to be blocked by the state Assembly ... Sen ... But Sen ... MMA athletes such as star women's division fighter Ronda Rousey were in the Capitol on Wednesday to lobby for the bill, along with Lorenzo Fertitta, chairman and CEO of Ultimate Fighting Championship, the sport's dominant brand. ....(size: 2.2Kb)
The Examiner
07 Mar 2013
I love Livia's attitude ... No excuses though ... Miesha Tate wants a rematch against Ronda Rousey inside the UFC octagonInvicta's Shayna Baszler wants a crack at Strikeforce champ Ronda RouseyBec Hyatt says Jasminka Cive will be having a 'tea party with the muffin man'Joanne Calderwood praises Livia von Plettenberg for accepting Invicta FC 4 fightJoanne Calderwood and Tecia Torres both left off Invicta FC 5 card. Tweet ... ....(size: 8.6Kb)
U~T San Diego
07 Mar 2013
México, 6 mar (EFE) ... El mexicano Alan Pulido entró de cambio al minuto 65 y firmó el gol de la victoria felina al 74 con un cabezazo en un segundo remate de una jugada que el rival reclamó como fuera de lugar ... El Tigres sumó su quinta victoria en fila mientras que el Sounders dejó en la cancha la racha de cuatro triunfos que acumuló en la ronda de grupos de la Liga de Campeones 201213 ... Ficha técnica.. 1. Tigres ... Entrenador ... 0 ... Gol ... ....(size: 3.2Kb)
The Examiner
07 Mar 2013
Why? As Austin Powers once boldly declared, "It's a man, baby." ... UFC boss Dana White wants Rory MacDonald to fight Carlos ConditMiesha Tate vs Cat Zingano fight too sexy for Swedish UFC fans?Ronda Rousey's sexy roommate, Marina Shafir, to fight for Tuff-N-UffBec Hyatt says Jasminka Cive will be having a 'tea party with the muffin man'Bec Hyatt has seen MMA fighters lose control of their bladders after knockout. Tweet ... ....(size: 5.6Kb)
The Examiner
07 Mar 2013
I love Livia's attitude ... No excuses though ... Invicta's Shayna Baszler wants a crack at Strikeforce champ Ronda RouseyInvicta's Shayna Baszler not taking Sarah D'Alelio lightlyInvicta's Raquel Pennington doesn't take kindly to Leslie Smith's trash-talkingBec Hyatt has seen MMA fighters lose control of their bladders after knockoutBec Hyatt and Paige VanZant set to bring sexy back at Invicta FC 4. Tweet ... ....(size: 8.5Kb)
Philadelphia Daily News
07 Mar 2013
TED SILARY, Daily News Staff Writersilaryt@phillynews.com. Posted. Wednesday, March 6, 2013, 8.51 PM. IF HE'S EVER short on cash, perhaps Yosef Yacob can rent himself out as a good-luck charm ... ... He lives no more than a 10-minute ride from the school and is good buddies with many of the players, but especially with franchise forward Rondae Hollis-Jefferson and guard Isaiah Warren, who as recently as last season was playing for Carroll ... ... 0 ... ....(size: 10.1Kb)
Huffington Post
07 Mar 2013
Los Angeles Lakers guard Kobe Bryant celebrates with guard Jodie Meeks (20) after scoring in the final minute against the New Orleans Hornets in New Orleans, Wednesday, March 6, 2013 ... Dwight Howard had 20 points, 15 rebounds and four blocks for Los Angeles ... Ronda Rousey, left, tries to pull an armbar on Liz Carmouche during their UFC 157 women's bantamweight championship mixed martial arts match in Anaheim, Calif., Saturday, Feb ... St ... 20....(size: 15.5Kb)
U~T San Diego
06 Mar 2013
— Venezuela y la República Dominicana, dos de los equipos favoritos para ganar el Clásico Mundial de Béisbol del 2013, abrirán el jueves la primera ronda del grupo C en el estadio Hiram Bithorn de San Juan en búsqueda de avanzar a la segunda vuelta del torneo ... Los dos mejores equipos del grupo C avanzarán a la segunda ronda del Clásico, que se ......(size: 2.9Kb)
U~T San Diego
06 Mar 2013
— La República Dominicana espera con ansias demostrar que es uno de los favoritos para ganar la tercera edición del Clásico Mundial de Béisbol luego de haber sido sorprendentemente eliminados en la primera ronda del torneo hace cuatro años ... "Todos los partidos son importantes, pero el que gane el jueves aumentará mucho sus probabilidades de avanzar a la segunda ronda....(size: 3.0Kb)
U~T San Diego
06 Mar 2013
— Puerto Rico apuesta a su juventud y velocidad para avanzar a la segunda ronda del grupo C, llamado el 'grupo de la muerte', y ganar la tercera edición del Clásico Mundial de Béisbol ... La escuadra boricua, sin embargo, tendrá que luchar alguno de los dos puestos que darán un cupo para pasar a la segunda ronda del torneo frente a las poderosas ......(size: 2.1Kb)
For other uses, see Ronda (disambiguation).
| Ronda | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| — Municipality — | |||
 |
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 Ronda
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Ronda
|
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| Coordinates: 36°44′14″N 5°9′53″W / 36.73722°N 5.16472°W / 36.73722; -5.16472Coordinates: 36°44′14″N 5°9′53″W / 36.73722°N 5.16472°W / 36.73722; -5.16472 | |||
| Country |  Spain |
||
| Autonomous community |  Andalusia |
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| Province | Málaga | ||
| Comarca | Serranía de Ronda | ||
| Government | |||
| • Alcalde | Antonio María Marín Lara (PSOE) | ||
| Area | |||
| • Total | 481.31 km2 (185.83 sq mi) | ||
| Elevation | 723 m (2,372 ft) | ||
| Population (2009) | |||
| • Total | 36,827 | ||
| • Density | 77/km2 (200/sq mi) | ||
| Demonym | Rondeños | ||
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | ||
| Postal code | 29400 | ||
| Dialing code | 95287, 95219 | ||
| Website | Official website | ||
Ronda (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈronda]) is a city in the Spanish province of Málaga. It is located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) west of the city of Málaga, within the autonomous community of Andalusia. Its population is approximately 35,000 inhabitants.
Contents |
History[link]
Around the city are remains of prehistoric settlements dating to the Neolithic Age, including the rock paintings of Cueva de la Pileta. Ronda was however first settled by the early Celts, who, in the 6th century BC, called it Arunda. Later Phoenician settlers established themselves nearby to found Acinipo, known locally as Ronda la Vieja, Arunda or Old Ronda. The current Ronda is however of Roman origins,[1] having been founded as a fortified post in the Second Punic War, by Scipio Africanus. Ronda received the title of city at the time of Julius Caesar.
In the 5th century AD Ronda was conquered by the Suebi, led by Rechila, being reconquered in the following century by the Eastern Roman Empire, under whose rule Acinipo was abandoned. Later the Visigoth king Leovigild captured the city. Ronda was part of the Visigoth reign until 713, when it fell to the Arabs, who named it Izn-Rand Onda ("city of the castle") and made it the capital of the Takurunna province.
It was the hometown of the polymath Abbas Ibn Firnas (810–887), an inventor, engineer, aviator, physician, Arabic poet, and Andalusian musician.
After the disintegration of the caliphate of Córdoba, Ronda became the capital of a small kingdom ruled by the Berber Banu Ifran, the taifa of Ronda. During this period Ronda received most of its Islamic architectural heritage. In 1065 Ronda was conquered by the taifa of Seville led by Abbad II al-Mu'tadid. Both the poet Salih ben Sharif al-Rundi (1204–1285) and the Sufi scholar Ibn Abbad al-Rundi (1333–1390) were born in Ronda.
The Islamic domination of Ronda ended in 1485, when it was conquered by the Marquis of Cádiz after a brief siege. Subsequently, mostly of the city's old edifices were renewed or adapted to Christian roles, while numerous others were built in newly-created quarters such as the Mercadillo and the San Francisco ones. The Real Maestranza de Caballería de Ronda was founded in the town in 1572, with military finalities.
The Spanish Inquisitions affected the Muslims living in Spain greatly. Shortly after 1492, when the last outpost of Muslim presence in the Iberian peninsula, Granada, was conquered, the Spanish decreed that all Muslims and Jews must either vacate the peninsula without their belongings or convert to Christianity. Many people overtly converted to keep their possessions, while secretly practiced their religion. Muslims who converted only overtly were called Moriscos. Moriscos were required to wear upon their caps and turbans a blue crescent, which brought upon them taunts and violence of a fanatical population. Traveling without a permit meant a death sentence. This systematic suppression forced the Muslims to seek refuge in mountainous regions of southern Andalucian cities such as Ronda.
On May 25, 1566 Philip II decreed that the use of the Arabic language (written or spoken) to be illegal, doors to home to remain open on Fridays to verify that no Muslim Friday prayers are conducted, and heavy taxation on Moriscos trades. This led to several rebellions, one being that of Ronda under the leadership of Al-Fihrey. After a ferocious battle, Al-Fihrey's insurgent army was able to defeat the Spanish army sent to suppress them under the leadership of Alfonso de Aguilar. So violent the retribution was, that no Spanish soldier captured was spared his life, including Alfonso himself. This prompted Phillip II to order the mass slaughter of all Moriscos in Ronda. Those few who survived were sold into slavery.
In the early 19th century, the Napoleonic invasion and the subsequent Peninsular War caused much suffering in Ronda, whose inhabitants were reduced from 15,600 to 5,000 in three years. Ronda's area became the base first of guerrilla warriors, then of numerous bandits, whose deeds inspired artists such as Washington Irving, Prosper Mérimée and Gustave Doré. In the 19th century the economy of Ronda was mainly based on agricultural activities. In 1918 the city was the seat of the Assembly of Ronda, in which the Andalusian flag, coat of arms and anthem were designed.
Ronda's Romero family--from the grandfather, Francisco, who was born in 1698, through his son Juan, to Juan's famous son, Pedro, who died in 1839--played a principal role in the development of modern Spanish bullfighting. With the family responsible for such innovations as the use of the cape, or muleta, and a sword especially designed for the kill, Pedro in particular transformed bullfighting into "an art and a skill in its own right, and not simply ... a clownishly macho preamble to the bull's slaughter."[2]
Ronda was heavily affected by the Spanish Civil War, after which much of the population emigrated elsewhere. The famous scene in Chapter 10 of Hemingway's "For Whom the Bell Tolls", describing the 1936 execution of Fascist sympathisers in a (fictional) village who are thrown off a cliff, is considered to be modeled on actual events at the time in Ronda.[3]
Geography[link]
Ronda is situated in a very mountainous area about 750 m above mean sea level. The Guadalevín River runs through the city, dividing it in two and carving out the steep, 100 plus meters deep El Tajo canyon upon which the city perches. The Spanish Fir (Abies pinsapo) is endemic to the mountains surrounding Ronda.
Main sights[link]
Three bridges, Puente Romano ("Roman Bridge", also known as the Puente San Miguel), Puente Viejo ("Old Bridge", also known as the Puente Árabe or "Arab Bridge") and Puente Nuevo ("New Bridge"), span the canyon. The term "nuevo" is a bit of a misnomer, as the building of this bridge commenced in 1751 and took until 1793 to complete. The Puente Nuevo is the tallest of the bridges, towering 120 metres (390 ft) above the canyon floor, and all three serve as some of the city's most impressive features.
The ‘Corrida Goyesca’ is a unique and historical bullfight that takes place once a year in Ronda in the Plaza de toros de Ronda, the oldest bullfighting ring in Spain.[4] It was built in 1784 in the Neoclassical style by the architect José Martin de Aldehuela, who also designed the Puente Nuevo.
The partially intact Baños árabes ("Arab baths") are found below the city and date back to the 13th and 14th centuries.
The former town hall, which sits next to the Puente Nuevo, is the site of a parador, and has a view of the Tajo canyon.
Cultural influence[link]
American artists Ernest Hemingway and Orson Welles spent many summers in Ronda as part-time residents of Ronda's old town quarter called La Ciudad. Both wrote about Ronda's beauty and famous bull-fighting traditions. Their collective accounts have contributed to Ronda's popularity over time.
In the first decades of the 20th century the famous German poet Rainer Maria Rilke spent extended periods in Ronda. There he kept a permanent room at the Hotel Reina Victoria (built in 1906) where his room remains to this day as he left it, a mini-museum of Rilkeana. According to the hotel's publicity, Rilke wrote (though probably not in Spanish) "He buscado por todas partes la ciudad soñada, y al fin la he encontrado en Ronda" and "No hay nada más inesperado en España que esta ciudad salvaje y montañera" ("I have sought everywhere the city of my dreams, and I have finally found it in Ronda" and "There is nothing that is more startling in Spain than this wild and mountainous city.")
Hemingway's novel For Whom the Bell Tolls describes the execution of Nationalist sympathizers early in the Spanish Civil War. The Republicans murder the Nationalists by throwing them from cliffs in an Andalusian village, and Hemingway allegedly based the account on killings that took place in Ronda at the cliffs of El Tajo. Ernest Hemingway wrote many of his novels here as well, such as Fiesta.[4]
Orson Welles said he was inspired by his frequent trips to Spain and Ronda (e.g. Welles' unfinished film about Don Quixote). After Welles died in 1985, his ashes were buried in a well, located on the rural property of his friend, the retired bullfighter Antonio Ordoñez.
English writer George Eliot's book Daniel Deronda ("Daniel of Ronda") tells the story of Spanish Jew brought up as an Englishman. There have been some speculation that Eliot's ancestors may have lived in Ronda prior to the expulsion of the Jews from Spain in 1492.
In the fashion world Italian designer Giorgio Armani was pleased to announce that he specially designed the bullfighting costume, called ‘Goyesco’ for famed bullfighter and testimonial Cayetano Rivera Ordóñez, on the occasion of the ‘Corrida Goyesca’, that took place on September 6, 2009 in Ronda. Cayetano’s suit of lights was in the Goyaesque style, comprises a jacket, trousers and cloack in techno satin in a shade of Armani greige. The three pieces are embroidered with sequins, small glitter stones and thread, all matching the colour of the background fabric.[4][5]
Transportation[link]
Ronda is accessible via highways and by rail from Algeciras and from Córdoba.
The single track railway between Ronda and Algeciras was built between 1890 and 1892 by the Gibraltar Railway Company. It enabled the British military officers to escape the summer heat of Gibraltar. The railway was built by James Morrison, an engineer, in partnership with, Sir Alexander Henderson, a financier. The station at Ronda was opened in 1892.
Sister cities[link]
- Cuenca, Spain
Chefchaouen, Morocco [6]
Castiglion Fiorentino, Italy- Ontinyent, Spain
References[link]
- ^ Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia - on Spain, Books 3 & 4
- ^ Andalucia.com
- ^ Ramon Buckley, "Revolution in Ronda: The facts in Hemingway's For Whom the Bell Tolls", the Hemingway Review, Fall 1997
- ^ a b c GIORGIO ARMANI DESIGNS COSTUME FOR CAYETANO RIVERA ORDONEZ FOR ‘THE CORRIDA GOYESCA’
- ^ "Armani brindó en Ronda". El Pais. 2009-09-06. http://www.elpais.com/articulo/agenda/Armani/brindo/Ronda/elpepigen/20090906elpepiage_3/Tes.
- ^ Asociación Senderista Pasos Largos - Chefchaouen, Morocco.
External links[link]
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronda
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Ronda Rousey | |
|---|---|
| Born | Ronda Jean Rousey (1987-02-01) February 1, 1987 (age 25) Riverside County, California, United States |
| Other names | Rowdy |
| Residence | Venice, California, United States |
| Nationality | American |
| Height | 5 ft 6 in (1.68 m) |
| Weight | 135 lb (61 kg; 9.6 st) |
| Division | Featherweight Bantamweight |
| Style | Judo |
| Fighting out of | Santa Monica, California, United States |
| Team | Team Hayastan, Glendale Fighting Club |
| Rank | 4th dan black belt in Judo |
| Mixed martial arts record | |
| Total | 5 |
| Wins | 5 |
| By submission | 5 |
| Losses | 0 |
| Other information | |
| Website | http://www.rondarousey.net/ |
| Mixed martial arts record from Sherdog | |
| Medal record | ||
|---|---|---|
| Women's Judo | ||
Competitor for the  United States |
||
| Olympic Games | ||
| Bronze | 2008 Beijing | 70kg |
| World Championships | ||
| Silver | 2007 Rio de Janeiro | Middleweight |
| Pan American Games | ||
| Gold | 2007 Rio de Janeiro | 70kg |
| Pan American Judo Championships | ||
| Gold | 2004 | 63kg |
| Gold | 2005 Caguas | 63kg |
| Silver | 2006 Buenos Aires | 63kg |
Ronda Rousey (born February 1, 1987) is an American judoka and mixed martial artist and the current Strikeforce Women's Bantamweight Champion. She has finished all of her opponents by armbar in the first round. She formerly trained at the Olympic Training Center in Wakefield, Massachusetts under guidance of Jimmy Pedro and is now part of Team Hayastan in Santa Monica, California.
Rousey trains under Gokor Chivichyan and Edmond Tarverdyan of the Glendale Fighting Club in Glendale, CA.[1] Rousey also trains with Leo Frincu and Gene Lebell, along with Team Hayastan fighters such as Manny Gamburyan, Karen Darabedyan, Sako Chivitchian and Sevak Magakian. She is managed by Darin Harvey of Fight Tribe MMA.[2]
Rousey is currently the #1-ranked pound-for-pound female MMA fighter in the world by MMARising.com,[3] and is ranked #1 at 135 pounds and #2 at 145 pounds according to the Unified Women's MMA Rankings.[4]
Contents |
Olympic judo career[link]
At just 17, Rousey qualified for the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens, becoming the youngest judo player in the entire Games. Also in 2004, Rousey won a gold medal at the 2004 World Junior Judo Championships in Budapest, Hungary.
In April 2006, she became the first U.S. female athlete in nearly 10 years to win an A-Level tournament as she went 5-0 to claim gold at the Birmingham World Cup in Great Britain. Later that year, the 19-year-old won the bronze medal at the Junior World Championships, becoming the first U.S. athlete ever to win two Junior World medals.
In February 2007, Rousey moved up to 70 kg where she is currently ranked as one of the top three women in the world. She won the silver medal at the 2007 World Judo Championships in the middleweight division and the bronze medal at the 2007 Pan Am Games.
In August 2008, Rousey competed at the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing, China. She lost her quarterfinal to the Dutch ex-world champion Edith Bosch but qualified for a Bronze medal match through the repechage bracket. Rousey defeated Annett Boehm by Yuko to win a bronze medal (note: Judo offers two bronze medals per weight class). With the victory, Rousey became the first American to win an Olympic medal in women's judo since its inception as an Olympic sport in 1992.[5]
Mixed martial arts career[link]
Rousey made her mixed martial arts debut as an amateur on August 6, 2010. She defeated Hayden Munoz by submission due to an armbar in 23 seconds.[6]
She entered the quarterfinals of the Tuff-N-Uff 145 lbs women's tournament on November 12, 2010 and submitted promotional veteran Autumn Richardson with an armbar in 57 seconds.[7]
Rousey faced Taylor Stratford in the Tuff-N-Uff tournament semi-finals on January 7, 2011 and won by technical submission due to an armbar in 24 seconds. She then announced plans to turn pro and was replaced in the tournament.[8]
Rousey made her professional mixed martial arts debut on March 27, 2011 at King of the Cage: Turning Point. She submitted Ediane Gomes with an armbar in 25 seconds.[6][9]
Rousey faced kickboxing champion Charmaine Tweet in an MMA bout at Hard Knocks Fighting Championship: School of Hard Knocks 12 on June 17, 2011 in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.[10] She submitted Tweet with an armbar in 49 seconds.[11]
Verbal attacks[link]
Rousey is notable for introducing trash talking to Women's MMA. In many interviews Rousey has used harsh vocabulary and openly downplayed her opponents. Rousey doesn't deny the accusations and is not apologetic for something she explains is a way to generate more publicity for the sport.[12][13]
Strikeforce[link]
Rousey was scheduled to make her Strikeforce debut against Sarah D'Alelio on July 30, 2011 at Strikeforce: Fedor vs. Henderson in Hoffman Estates, Illinois.[14] The fight was pushed back and eventually took place on the Strikeforce Challengers 18 main card on August 12, 2011 in Las Vegas, Nevada.[15] Rousey defeated D'Alelio by technical submission due to an armbar early in the first round. The victory was controversial as referee Steve Mazzagatti only stopped the fight because D’Alelio appeared to make a brief sound. According to instructions given to fighters before they compete, this is typically deemed to be a verbal submission. Mazzagatti initially did nothing, but after Rousey looked at him and stated that D’Alelio had submitted, he stopped the fight. D'Alelio admitted after the fight that she let out a verbal indication of pain.[16]
Rousey faced Julia Budd at Strikeforce Challengers 20 on November 18, 2011 in Las Vegas.[17] She won via submission due to an armbar in the first round, dislocating Budd's elbow in the process. Following the fight, she announced plans to move down to 135 pounds to challenge Miesha Tate, the Strikeforce Women's Bantamweight Champion at the time.[18]
Rousey challenged Tate for her Strikeforce title on March 3, 2012 in Columbus, Ohio. She defeated Tate by submission due to an armbar in the first round, again dislocating her opponent's elbow, to become the new Strikeforce women's bantamweight champion.[19]
Personal life[link]
Rousey was formerly a vegan.[20] Her mother, Ann Maria Rousey DeMars, also had a decorated Judo career and was the first American to win a World Judo Championship with her victory in 1984.
Championships and accomplishments[link]
Mixed martial arts[link]
- Strikeforce
- Strikeforce Women's Bantamweight Championship (One time; current)
- Tuff-N-Uff
- Tuff-N-Uff Amateur Women's Featherweight Tournament Semifinalist
- Women's MMA Awards
- 2011 Female Fighter of the Year
- 2011 Female Featherweight of the Year
- 2011 Female Newcomer of the Year
- Inside MMA
- 2011 Female Fighter of the Year Bazzie Award
- MiddleEasy
- 2011 No-Tap Submission of the Year vs. Julia Budd on November 18
- Fight Matrix
- 2011 Female Rookie of the Year
Judo[link]
- International Judo Federation
- 2008 World Cup Senior Gold Medalist
- 2008 Belgian Ladies Open Senior Bronze Medalist
- 2007 Jigoro Kano Cup Senior Silver Medalist
- 2007 Finnish Open Senior Gold Medalist
- 2007 World Judo Championships Senior Silver Medalist
- 2007 German Open Senior Bronze Medalist
- 2007 Pan American Games Senior Gold Medalist
- 2007 Pan American Championships Senior Bronze Medalist
- 2007 World Cup Senior Gold Medalist
- 2007 British Open Senior Gold Medalist
- 2006 Finnish Open Senior Bronze Medalist
- 2006 Swedish Open Senior Gold Medalist
- 2006 World Judo Championships Junior Bronze Medalist
- 2006 Rendez-Vous Senior Gold Medalist
- 2006 Pan American Championships Senior Silver Medalist
- 2006 World Cup Senior Gold Medalist
- 2006 Belgian Ladies Open Senior Gold Medalist
- 2005 Ontario Open Senior Gold Medalist
- 2005 Rendez-Vous Senior Gold Medalist
- 2005 Pan American Championships Senior Gold Medalist
- 2004 Ontario Open Senior Gold Medalist
- 2004 Ontario Open Junior Gold Medalist
- 2004 World Judo Championships Junior Gold Medalist
- 2004 Rendez-Vous Senior Bronze Medalist
- 2004 Pan American Championships Senior Gold Medalist
- 2003 Rendez-Vous Senior Gold Medalist
- 2001 Coupe Canada Senior Cup Gold Medalist
- USA Judo
- USA Senior National Championship (2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010)
- USA Senior Olympic Team Trials Winner (2004, 2008)
- 2007 US Open Senior Gold Medalist
- 2006 US Open Senior Gold Medalist
- 2006 USA Fall Classic Senior Gold Medalist
- 2006 US Open Junior Gold Medalist
- 2005 US Open Senior Gold Medalist
- 2005 US Open Junior Silver Medalist
- 2004 US Open Senior Bronze Medalist
- 2003 US Open Senior Silver Medalist
- 2003 USA Fall Classic Senior Gold Medalist
- 2002 US Open Junior Gold Medalist
Mixed martial arts record[link]
| Professional record breakdown | ||
| 5 matches | 5 wins | 0 losses |
| By knockout | 0 | 0 |
| By submission | 5 | 0 |
| By decision | 0 | 0 |
| Result | Record | Opponent | Method | Event | Date | Round | Time | Location | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Win | 5-0 | Miesha Tate | Submission (armbar) | Strikeforce: Tate vs. Rousey | 02012-03-03March 3, 2012 | 1 | 4:27 | Columbus, Ohio, United States | Won the Strikeforce Women's Bantamweight Championship. Bantamweight Debut. |
| Win | 4-0 | Julia Budd | Submission (armbar) | Strikeforce Challengers 20 | 02011-11-18November 18, 2011 | 1 | 0:39 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |
| Win | 3-0 | Sarah D'Alelio | Submission (armbar) | Strikeforce Challengers 18 | 02011-08-12August 12, 2011 | 1 | 0:25 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | Strikeforce Debut. |
| Win | 2-0 | Charmaine Tweet | Submission (armbar) | HKFC 12 | 02011-06-17June 17, 2011 | 1 | 0:49 | Calgary, Alberta, Canada | Catchweight of 150 lbs. |
| Win | 1-0 | Ediene Gomes | Submission (armbar) | King of the Cage | 02011-03-27March 27, 2011 | 1 | 0:25 | Los Angeles, California, United States | Featherweight Division. |
Amateur record[link]
| Result | Record | Opponent | Method | Event | Date | Round | Time | Location | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Win | 3-0 | Taylor Stratford | Technical Submission (armbar) | Tuff-N-Uff | 02011-01-07January 7, 2011 | 1 | 0:24 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |
| Win | 2-0 | Autumn Richardson | Submission (armbar) | Tuff-N-Uff | 02010-11-12November 12, 2010 | 1 | 0:57 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |
| Win | 1-0 | Hayden Munoz | Submission (armbar) | CFL: Ground Zero | 02010-08-06August 6, 2010 | 1 | 0:23 | Oxnard, California, United States |
References[link]
- ^ http://www.gfcfitness.com
- ^ http://www.ftmma.com/fighters/ronda-rousey/
- ^ "Women's MMA Pound-For-Pound Rankings". MMARising.com. http://www.mmarising.com/rankings/womens-pound-for-pound-top-15/. Retrieved June 1, 2012.
- ^ "Unified Women's Mixed Martial Arts Rankings". MMARising.com. http://www.mmarising.com/rankings/unified-womens-mixed-martial-arts-rankings/. Retrieved June 1, 2012.
- ^ "Ronda Rousey Team USA Bio". TeamUSA.org. http://judo.teamusa.org/athletes/ronda-rousey. Retrieved 2010-11-13.
- ^ a b "Weekend Recap: Ronda Rousey Wins Pro MMA Debut". MMARising.com. 2011-03-28. http://www.mmarising.com/articles/2011/03/28/weekend-recap-ronda-rousey-wins-pro-mma-debut/. Retrieved 2011-03-28.
- ^ "Ronda Rousey, Tay Stratford Advance At Tuff-N-Uff". MMARising.com. 2010-11-12. http://www.mmarising.com/articles/2010/11/12/ronda-rousey-tay-stratford-advance-at-tuff-n-uff/. Retrieved 2010-11-13.
- ^ "Gray Edges Swinney, Rousey Wins Quickly At Tuff-N-Uff". MMARising.com. 2011-01-08. http://www.mmarising.com/articles/2011/01/08/gray-edges-swinney-rousey-wins-quickly-at-tuff-n-uff/. Retrieved 2011-03-28.
- ^ "Weekend Rundown: Drwal Demolishes ‘Chocolate’ in Homecoming". Sherdog.com. 2011-03-28. http://www.sherdog.com/news/news/Weekend-Rundown-Drwal-Demolishes-Chocolate-in-Homecoming-31140. Retrieved 2011-03-28.
- ^ "Ronda Rousey vs Charmaine Tweet Set For June 17th". MMARising.com. 2011-05-05. http://www.mmarising.com/news/2011/05/05/ronda-rousey-vs-charmaine-tweet-set-for-june-17th/. Retrieved 2011-05-06.
- ^ "Ronda Rousey Wins Quickly In Hard Knocks 12 Co-Feature". MMARising.com. 2011-06-17. http://www.mmarising.com/articles/2011/06/17/ronda-rousey-wins-quickly-in-hard-knocks-12-co-feature/. Retrieved 2011-06-17.
- ^ Marocco, Steven. "Unapologetic Rousey hopes trashtalk can elevate Strikeforce's females". MMA Junkie. MMA Junkie. http://mmajunkie.com/news/27085/unapologetic-rousey-hopes-trashtalk-can-elevate-strikeforces-females.mma. Retrieved 11 February 2012.
- ^ Wayne, Mark. "Ronda Rousey: Trash Talk Isn't Personal, Is Good For The Sport". Fightline. http://www.fightline.com/fl/news/2012/0122/547120/. Retrieved 11 February 2012.
- ^ "Strikeforce Adds Two More Women's Bouts To July 30 Card". MMARising.com. 2011-07-01. http://www.mmarising.com/news/2011/07/01/strikeforce-adds-two-more-womens-bouts-to-july-30-card/. Retrieved 2011-07-01.
- ^ "Ronda Rousey vs Sarah D'Alelio Now Set For August 12th". MMARising.com. 2011-07-03. http://www.mmarising.com/news/2011/07/03/ronda-rousey-vs-sarah-dalelio-now-set-for-august-12th/. Retrieved 2011-07-03.
- ^ "Ronda Rousey Victorious In Controversial Strikeforce Debut". MMARising.com. 2011-08-12. http://www.mmarising.com/articles/2011/08/12/ronda-rousey-victorious-in-controversial-strikeforce-debut/. Retrieved 2011-08-12.
- ^ "Julia Budd vs. Ronda Rousey booked for November Strikeforce Challengers event". MMAjunkie.com. 2011-08-31. http://mmajunkie.com/news/25043/julia-budd-vs-ronda-rousey-booked-for-november-strikeforce-challengers-event.mma. Retrieved 2011-09-04.
- ^ "Ronda Rousey Submits Julia Budd, Plans Drop To 135". MMARising.com. 2011-11-18. http://www.mmarising.com/articles/2011/11/18/ronda-rousey-submits-julia-budd-plans-drop-to-135/. Retrieved 2011-11-18.
- ^ "Ronda Rousey, Sarah Kaufman Win Big At Strikeforce In Ohio". MMARising.com. 2012-03-03. http://www.mmarising.com/articles/2012/03/03/ronda-rousey-sarah-kaufman-win-big-at-strikeforce-in-ohio/. Retrieved 2012-03-03.
- ^ "Rousey Is 1st U.S. Woman to Earn A Medal in Judo". WashingtonPost.com. 2008-08-14. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/08/13/AR2008081303517.html. Retrieved 2010-11-13.
External links[link]
- Official Website
- Olympic profile at sports-reference.com
- USA judo - Ronda Rousey bio
- Video clips with Ronda on judovision.org
- Interview with Ronda Rousey at JudoInfo.com
- See Ronda in The HyeFighters Show!
| Preceded by Miesha Tate |
4th Women's Welterweight Championship March 3, 2012 - present |
Incumbent |
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Rousey, Ronda |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Judoka |
| Date of birth | February 1, 1987 |
| Place of birth | Riverside County, California |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Ronda_Rousey
Related pages:
http://fr.wn.com/Ronda Rousey
http://pt.wn.com/Ronda Rousey
http://de.wn.com/Ronda Rousey
http://it.wn.com/Ronda Rousey
http://pl.wn.com/Ronda Rousey
http://es.wn.com/Ronda Rousey
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronda_Rousey
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Liz Carmouche | |
|---|---|
| Born | (1984-02-19) February 19, 1984 (age 28) Okinawa, Japan |
| Other names | Girl-Rilla |
| Nationality | American |
| Height | 5 ft 6 in (1.68 m) |
| Weight | 135 lb (61 kg; 9.6 st) |
| Fighting out of | San Diego, California, United States |
| Team | Team Hurricane Awesome |
| Mixed martial arts record | |
| Total | 8 |
| Wins | 6 |
| By knockout | 4 |
| By submission | 1 |
| By decision | 1 |
| Losses | 2 |
| By submission | 1 |
| By decision | 1 |
| Mixed martial arts record from Sherdog | |
Liz Carmouche (born February 19, 1984) is an American mixed martial arts fighter. Carmouche currently competes for Strikeforce in the women's welterweight division.
Carmouche is currently the #8-ranked 135-pound female MMA fighter in the world according to the Unified Women's MMA Rankings.[1]
Contents |
Personal life[link]
Carmouche was born in Lafayette, Louisiana, raised in Okinawa, Japan and is of Lebanese, Irish and Cajun descent.[2] She currently resides in San Diego, California.[2]
Prior to becoming a professional MMA fighter, Carmouche spent five years in the United States Marine Corps during which she did three tours of duty in the Middle East.[2]
Carmouche is openly lesbian.[3]
Mixed martial arts career[link]
Carmouche started her professional career in 2010, winning her first two fights via submission and TKO, respectively.
On August 13, 2010, she made her debut for the Strikeforce promotion at Strikeforce Challengers 10 in a reserve bout for their one-night Women's Welterweight tournament.[4] She defeated Colleen Schneider via unanimous decision after two rounds.[5]
Carmouche returned to the promotion at Strikeforce Challengers 12 on November 19, 2010,[6] where she defeated Jan Finney via TKO in the third round.[7][8]
On February 23, 2011, it was announced that number one title contender Miesha Tate had suffered a knee injury and that Carmouche would step in on short notice to face Women's Bantamweight (135 lbs) champion Marloes Coenen on March 5, 2011 at Strikeforce: Feijao vs. Henderson.[9] Carmouche was defeated via triangle choke in the fourth round, after dominating two of the previous rounds.[10]
On July 22, 2011, Carmouche faced Sarah Kaufman at Strikeforce Challengers 17 in Las Vegas, Nevada. She was defeated by unanimous decision.[11]
Carmouche faced Ashleigh Curry at Invicta Fighting Championships 1 on April 28, 2012.[12] She won the fight via TKO in the first round.[13]
Carmouche is scheduled to face Kaitlin Young at Invicta Fighting Championships 2 on July 28, 2012.[14]
Mixed martial arts record[link]
| Professional record breakdown | ||
| 8 matches | 6 wins | 2 losses |
| By knockout | 4 | 0 |
| By submission | 1 | 1 |
| By decision | 1 | 1 |
| Result | Record | Opponent | Method | Event | Date | Round | Time | Location | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Win | 6–2 | Ashleigh Curry |
TKO (punches) | Invicta FC 1: Coenen vs. Ruyssen | 02012-04-28April 28, 2012 | 1 | 1:58 | Kansas City, Kansas, United States | |
| Loss | 5–2 |  Sarah Kaufman |
Decision (unanimous) | Strikeforce Challengers: Voelker vs. Bowling III | 02011-07-22July 22, 2011 | 3 | 5:00 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |
| Loss | 5–1 |  Marloes Coenen |
Submission (triangle choke) | Strikeforce: Feijao vs. Henderson | 02011-03-05March 5, 2011 | 4 | 1:29 | Columbus, Ohio, United States | For the Strikeforce Women's Bantamweight Championship. |
| Win | 5–0 | Jan Finney |
TKO (punches) | Strikeforce Challengers: Wilcox vs. Ribeiro | 02010-11-19November 19, 2010 | 3 | 1:30 | Jackson, Mississippi, United States | |
| Win | 4–0 |  Valentina Shevchenko |
TKO (retirement) | C3 Fights: Red River Rivalry | 02010-09-30September 30, 2010 | 2 | 3:00 | Concho, Oklahoma, United States | |
| Win | 3–0 | Colleen Schneider |
Decision (unanimous) | Strikeforce Challengers: Riggs vs. Taylor | 02010-08-13August 13, 2010 | 2 | 3:00 | Phoenix, Arizona, United States | Strikeforce Debut. Strikeforce Women's Bantamweight Tournament Reserve Bout. |
| Win | 2–0 |  Margarita de la Cruz Ramirez |
TKO (doctor stoppage) | Ultimate Warrior Challenge 7 | 02010-06-26June 26, 2010 | 2 | 5:00 | Tijuana, Baja California | |
| Win | 1–0 | Aleena Albertson |
Submission (armbar) | Native Fighting Championship 5 | 02010-05-29May 29, 2010 | 2 | 0:48 | Campo, California, United States |
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ "Unified Women's Mixed Martial Arts Rankings". MMARising.com. http://www.mmarising.com/rankings/unified-womens-mixed-martial-arts-rankings/. Retrieved April 1, 2012.
- ^ a b c "Liz Carmouche's Bio". Strikeforce.com. 2011-02-23. http://strikeforce.com/fighters/women-welterweights/liz-carmouche/. Retrieved 2011-02-23.
- ^ McManus, Bridget (22 July 2011). "Afternoon delight". AfterEllen.com. http://www.afterellen.com/afternoon-delight-2011-07-22. Retrieved 14 January 2012.
- ^ "Strikeforce Women's Tournament Reserve Bout Set". MMARising.com. 2010-08-03. http://www.mmarising.com/news/2010/08/03/strikeforce-womens-tournament-reserve-bout-set/. Retrieved 2011-04-03.
- ^ "Miesha Tate Wins Strikeforce Women's Tournament". MMARising.com. 2010-08-13. http://www.mmarising.com/articles/2010/08/13/miesha-tate-wins-strikeforce-womens-tournament/. Retrieved 2011-04-03.
- ^ "Finney vs Carmouche Planned For November 19th". MMARising.com. 2010-10-31. http://www.mmarising.com/news/2010/10/31/finney-vs-carmouche-planned-for-november-19th/. Retrieved 2011-04-03.
- ^ "Strikeforce Challengers 12 Live Play-By-Play & Results". MMARising.com. 2010-11-19. http://www.mmarising.com/articles/2010/11/19/strikeforce-challengers-12-live-play-by-play-results/. Retrieved 2011-04-03.
- ^ "Wilcox Outboxes 'Shaolin,' Calls Out Beerbohm". Sherdog.com. 2010-11-20. http://www.sherdog.com/news/news/Wilcox-Outboxes-Shaolin-Calls-Out-Beerbohm-28298. Retrieved 2011-04-03.
- ^ "Tate out at "Strikeforce: Feijao vs. Henderson," Carmouche challenges Coenen for belt". MMAjunkie.com. 2011-02-23. http://mmajunkie.com/news/22585/tate-out-at-strikeforce-feijao-vs-henderson-carmouche-challenges-coenen-for-belt.mma. Retrieved 2011-02-23.
- ^ "Champ Comes Back: Marloes Coenen Submits Liz Carmouche". MMAFighting.com. 2011-03-05. http://www.mmafighting.com/2011/03/05/champ-comes-back-marloes-coenen-submits-liz-carmouche/. Retrieved 2011-03-06.
- ^ "Strikeforce Challengers 17 Live Play-By-Play & Results". MMARising.com. 2011-07-22. http://www.mmarising.com/articles/2011/07/22/strikeforce-challengers-17-live-play-by-play-results/. Retrieved 2011-08-01.
- ^ "Invicta Fighting Championships 1 Main Card Bouts Revealed". MMARising.com. 2012-02-20. http://www.mmarising.com/news/2012/02/20/invicta-fighting-championships-1-main-card-bouts-revealed/. Retrieved 2012-02-20.
- ^ "Invicta FC 1 Results: Marloes Coenen, Jessica Penne Victorious". MMARising.com. 2012-04-29. http://www.mmarising.com/articles/2012/04/29/invicta-fc-1-results-marloes-coenen-jessica-penne-victorious/. Retrieved 2012-04-29.
- ^ "Liz Carmouche vs Kaitlin Young Booked For Invicta FC 2 Card". MMARising.com. 2012-05-29. http://www.mmarising.com/news/2012/05/29/liz-carmouche-vs-kaitlin-young-booked-for-invicta-fc-2-card/. Retrieved 2012-05-29.
External links[link]
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Carmouche, Liz |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | American martial artist |
| Date of birth | February 19, 1984 |
| Place of birth | Okinawa, Japan |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Liz_Carmouche
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Liz Carmouche
http://pt.wn.com/Liz Carmouche
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liz_Carmouche
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For other uses, see Big Bear (disambiguation).
 |
This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. No cleanup reason has been specified. Please help improve this article if you can; the talk page may contain suggestions. (November 2010) |
| Big Bear | |
|---|---|
| Cree headman | |
 Chief Mistahi-maskwa, 1885 |
|
| Born | c. 1825 |
| Died | 17 January 1888 |
| Place of death | Poundmaker Indian Reserve, Cut Knife, Saskatchewan, Canada |
Big Bear or Mistahi-maskwa (c.1825 – 17 January 1888[1]) was a Cree leader notable for his involvement in the North-West Rebellion and his subsequent imprisonment.
Contents |
Early life and leadership[link]
Big Bear was born in the Canadian Northwest, probably near Fort Carlton.[1] Although he may have been Saulteaux, he was raised among the Plains Cree bands who wintered along the North Saskatchewan River.[1]
By 1863, according to Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) records, Big Bear was leading a large number of Cree near Fort Carlton, but soon moved to the area near Fort Pitt where he lived with a much smaller group.[1]
He participated in the 1870 Battle of the Belly River, and would later find conflict again in 1873, this time with Métis leader Gabriel Dumont. Canadian government records indicate that as of 1874, Big Bear led 65 lodges (approximately 520 people).[1]
Conflict with the Canadian government[link]
In the 1870s, the newly created Canadian government began to investigate signing treaties with the Indigenous peoples of the Great Plains, and sent gifts to encourage friendship. While some leaders accepted the gifts, Big Bear was not interested, declaring "when we set a fox-trap we scatter pieces of meat all round, but when the fox gets into the trap we knock him on the head; We want no bait; let your chiefs come like men and talk to us."[1]
When representatives of Canadian government came to negotiate a series of numbered treaties for the return of land to the native peoples, Big Bear, one of the chief negotiators during Treaty 6, refused to sign, believing that the treaty was unfair and biased towards Canadian settlers. He campaigned against the Canadian government, preaching to other Native bands that the treaties were unfair.
Big Bear initially attempted to make alliances with other Natives, so that when the treaties were signed, they could all take their reserve land next to each other, effectively creating a First Nations country within Canadian borders. When the Canadian government heard of this plan, they immediately disallowed it, even though the treaties had previously stated that the Natives could take the reserve land wherever they wished. To further his cause, Big Bear even formed an uneasy alliance with his longtime rival, Crowfoot, Chief of the Blackfoot people.
Despite his opposition to the treaty and his mistrust of the governments intentions and methods, the dwindling of the buffalo herds ultimately prevented his people from continuing to rely on this traditional food source and pushed the Cree to the point of starvation in less than a decade. This desperate circumstance compelled Big Bear to finally accept Treaty 6 in order to obtain minimal food supplies for his people from the Canadian government.
When the Métis initiated the North-West Rebellion of 1885 under Louis Riel and Gabriel Dumont, Big Bear and his supporters played a minimal role in the overall uprising, but warriors from among Big Bear's people under the command of Wandering Spirit killed nine white men at Frog Lake in an incident that became known as the Frog Lake Massacre. Although Big Bear himself personally attempted to prevent the killings and subsequently expressed regret for the actions of the younger Cree warriors, the events at Frog Lake alarmed the Dominion Government. When 6,000 troops were sent to Batoche, Saskatchewan to smash the Métis resistance, the Canadian government used the Frog Lake Massacre as a reason to put down the Cree as well. Despite evidence of Big Bear's efforts to actually prevent the killings at Frog Lake, he was convicted for participation in the rebellion with a request from the jury for mercy. In 1885 the sixty year old chief was sentenced to three years in Stony Mountain Penitentiary, but was released from prison before serving his complete sentence as a result of failing health, and died shortly afterward.
References[link]
 |
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2009) |
Literature[link]
- Hugh A. Dempsey, Big Bear : The End of Freedom, Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre, 1984. ISBN 0-88894-506-X
- Blair Stonechild and Bill Waiser. Loyal Till Death: Indians and the North-West Rebellion (1997)
- Rudy Wiebe, The Temptations of Big Bear, Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1995. ISBN 0-7710-3454-7
External links[link]
- Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
- "Chief Big Bear". Cree Indian Leader. Find a Grave. Dec 07, 2003. http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=8160613. Retrieved Aug 18, 2011.
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Big Bear |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 1825 |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | 17 January 1888 |
| Place of death | Poundmaker Indian Reserve, Cut Knife, Saskatchewan, Canada |
http://wn.com/Big_Bear
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Большой Медведь
http://fr.wn.com/Big Bear
http://de.wn.com/Big Bear
http://pl.wn.com/Big Bear
http://es.wn.com/Big Bear
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bear
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Kim Kardashian | |
|---|---|
 Kim Kardashian Fragrance Launch, Glendale, CA on February 22, 2011 |
|
| Born | Kimberly Noel Kardashian (1980-10-21) October 21, 1980 (age 31) Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
| Nationality | American |
| Ethnicity | Armenian, Dutch, Scottish |
| Occupation | Businesswoman, socialite, television personality, model, actress |
| Years active | 2007–present |
| Height | 5 ft 2.5 in (1.59 m) |
| Television | Keeping Up with the Kardashians Kourtney and Kim Take New York |
| Spouse |
Damon Thomas (m. 2000–2004) «start: (2000)–end+1: (2005)»"Marriage: Damon Thomas to Kim Kardashian" Location: (linkback:http://en-wiki.pop.wn.com/index.php/Kim_Kardashian) |
| Parents | Robert Kardashian (father) Kris Jenner (mother) Bruce Jenner (stepfather) |
| Relatives | Kourtney Kardashian (sister) Khloé Kardashian (sister) Robert Kardashian Jr. (brother) Kylie Jenner (half-sister) Kendall Jenner (half-sister) |
| Website | |
| kimkardashian.celebuzz.com | |
Kimberly Noel "Kim" Kardashian[1] (born October 21, 1980[2]) is an American socialite, celebutante, television personality, model, actress and businesswoman. She is known for starring in Keeping Up with the Kardashians, the E! reality series that she shares with her family, and its spin-offs including Kourtney and Kim Take New York.[3]
Prior to the development of her career as a reality television star, Kardashian gained notoriety as the subject of a sex tape that subsequently resulted in a court awarding her $5 million. She has been involved in the production of several lines of clothing and fragrances. In 2010, she was the highest earning reality star, with estimated earnings of $6 million, and is one of the most highly documented and followed celebrities in the world in popular media.
In August 2011, Kardashian married basketball player Kris Humphries in a widely publicized ceremony. In October 2011, Kardashian filed for divorce, 72 days after the wedding.
Contents |
Biography[link]
Early life[link]
Kardashian was born in Los Angeles, California, the daughter of attorney Robert Kardashian and his wife Kris Kardashian (née Houghton). Her father was a third generation Armenian American, and her mother is of Dutch and Scottish descent.[4] Kardashian has two sisters, Kourtney and Khloé, and one brother, Robert. She has stepbrothers Burton Jenner, Brandon Jenner, and reality TV star Brody Jenner, step-sister Casey Jenner, and half-sisters Kendall Jenner and Kylie Jenner.[5] She attended Marymount High School.[6]
In 2000, Kardashian married music producer Damon Thomas; their relationship ended in divorce in 2004. Subsequently she dated R&B singer Ray J, NFL star Reggie Bush[7] and Dallas Cowboys wide receiver Miles Austin.[8] She also dated model Gabriel Aubry.[9]
2003–07: Controversy and reality television[link]
In February 2007, a home sex video that she made with singer Ray J in 2003[10] was leaked.[11] Vivid Entertainment bought the rights for $1 million and released the film as Kim Kardashian: Superstar on February 21.[11] Kardashian sued Vivid for ownership of the tape. In late April 2007, Kardashian dropped the suit and settled with Vivid Entertainment for $5 million.[12]
Kardashian was a friend of Paris Hilton, who introduced her to the socialite scene.[13] Her first acting role was in the television series Beyond the Break. In October 2007, along with her two sisters, mother, brother, half-sisters, and stepfather she starred in the E! television series, Keeping Up with the Kardashians. As of October 2011, the series has aired 69 episodes over six seasons.
2007–2010: Modeling and retail[link]
Kardashian co-owns a clothing boutique called D-A-S-H with her sisters Kourtney and Khloé.[14] In December 2007, Kardashian posed nude for Playboy.[15] In February 2008, Bongo Jeans announced that she would be their face model.[16] She has also modeled for Carl's Jr., Sugar Factory lollipops, and various other products.[17][18]
Kardashian starred in the 2008 disaster film spoof Disaster Movie as Lisa,[19] and appeared in the How I Met Your Mother episode "Benefits". She also appeared on the Season 3 premiere of the series 90210 with her sisters Khloé and Kourtney; they all played themselves.[20] Kardashian was a guest hostess of WrestleMania XXIV and appeared as a guest judge during Cycle 13 of America's Next Top Model.[21] On December 16, 2009, Kardashian made a guest star appearance on CBS's CSI: NY with Vanessa Minnillo.[22][19] In 2009 she had a cameo as club bouncer in the 2009 porn film spoof Deep in the Valley[19]
Kardashian was one of 13 participants on the seventh season of Dancing with the Stars.[23][19] She was partnered with Mark Ballas and was the third contestant voted off the show on September 30, 2008, finishing in 11th place overall.[24] Sanford Siegal, the creator of the Cookie Diet, sued Kardashian, claiming she defamed him on Twitter. According to Siegal, Kardashian tweeted in October 2009 that he was "falsely promoting" that she was on the cookie diet. Siegal filed a claim in a Florida state court claiming the statements are false and defamatory. He also alleges that Kardashian was on QuickTrim's payroll when she posted the tweet. Kardashian's tweet appears to stem from an article on CookieDiet.com, that named Kardashian as one of many celebrities who saw positive results on the diet. Kardashian sent a cease-and-desist order to Siegal, demanding the link be removed.[25]
Kardashian released her own fragrance product in 2010.[26] In March 2009, Kardashian launched an endorsement with ShoeDazzle shopping,[27] of which she is the co-founder and chief fashion stylist.[17] The following month on April 9, 2009, Kardashian released a workout DVD series, Fit In Your Jeans By Friday, with trainers Jennifer Galardi and Patrick Goudeau.[14][28] In September 2009, Fusion Beauty and Seven Bar Foundation launched "Kiss Away Poverty", with Kardashian as the face of the campaign. For every LipFusion lipgloss sold, $1 went to the Foundation to fund women entrepreneurs in the US.[29]
She has also been featured in numerous international editions of FHM, including the cover of the April 2010 Australian edition and the UK March 2011 edition.[30] Famous Cupcakes, a Los Angeles bakery, created a vanilla cupcake mix for Kardashian. The cupcake flavor is called Va-Va-Va-Nilla.[17] Kardashian has also created jewelry along with her sisters, Khloé and Kourtney. They produced a collection for Virgins, Saints, and Angels in 2010.[31]
Again with her sisters, Kardashian has released various clothing lines. One called K-Dash was to be sold on QVC in 2010,[32] and in the same year they produced a range for Bebe.[33][34][35] As of August 2011 they are creating another for Sears, called the Kardashian Kollection.[36] In addition, Kardashian and her sisters created a sunless tanner called Kardashian Glamour Tan in 2010.[37] On July 1, 2010, the New York City branch of Madame Tussauds revealed a wax figure of Kardashian.[38]
2010–present: Marriage and other ventures[link]
Kardashian is the producer of The Spin Crowd, a reality television show about Command PR, a New York City public relations firm, run by Jonathan Cheban and Simon Huck. The show follows them as they settle into their new offices in Los Angeles. Kardashian is friends with both, specifically Cheban, and frequently appears on her reality shows. She also appeared at the 2010 MTV VMAs on September 12, 2010.[39] She also appeared in and was the subject and judge of a task on the ninth episode of Season 10 of The Apprentice in 2010; the two teams had to create an in-store display for her new perfume line, to be sold at Perfumania.[40][41] Kim, Kourtney, and Khloé wrote an autobiography entitled Kardashian Konfidential, which was released in stores on November 23, 2010.[42]
In April 2010, Kardashian sparked controversy over the way she held a cat for a photograph.[43] The same year, animal rights organization PETA criticized Kardashian for repeatedly wearing fur coats, and named her as one of the five worst people or organizations of 2010 when it came to animal welfare.[44] In June 2010, The Guardian commented on her ability to attract payments of up to US$10,000 from sponsors for each tweet that she broadcasts.[45]
In December 2010, Kardashian filmed a music video for a song titled "Jam (Turn It Up)". The video was directed by Hype Williams; Kanye West makes a cameo in the video.[46] Kardashian premiered the song during a New Year's Eve party at TAO Las Vegas on December 31, 2010.[47] The song was produced by The-Dream and Tricky Stewart. When asked if an album is in the works, Kardashian replied: "There's no album in the works or anything – just one song we did for Kourtney and Kim Take New York, and a video Hype Williams directed, half of the proceeds we're giving away to a cancer foundation, because The-Dream's and one of my parents passed away from cancer. It's just all having fun – with a good cause".[48] Jim Farber, writing for the Daily News, called the song a "dead-brained piece of generic dance music, without a single distinguishing feature," and suggested that the single made Kardashian the "worst singer in the reality TV universe."[49]
Kardashian's 2010 earnings were the highest among Hollywood-based reality stars, being estimated at $6 million.[50]
Kardashian has supported the recognition of the Armenian Genocide on numerous occasions and has encouraged Barack Obama and the United States government to consider its acknowledgement. On April 21, 2011, a few days before the 96th anniversary of the Armenian Genocide, she wrote about the issue on her blog in an effort to put it under spotlight and also sent a tweet to her fans urging its recognition.[51]
Kardashian began dating NBA player Kris Humphries of the New Jersey Nets in October 2010. They became engaged in May 2011,[52] and married on August 20, 2011 in Montecito, California.[53] A two-part TV special showing the preparations and the wedding itself aired on E! in early October 2011, amidst what the Washington Post called a "media blitz" related to the wedding.[54] After 72 days of marriage, Kardashian filed for divorce from Humphries on October 31, 2011, citing irreconcilable differences.[55] After filing for the divorce, Kardashian asked the court to order Humphries to pay his own legal expenses.[56] On December 1, 2011, Humphries filed his response to Kardashian's petition, requesting an annulment on the grounds of fraud or if the court will not grant an annulment, a decree of legal separation rather than Kardashian's requested divorce.[57]
Several news outlets have surmised that Kardashian's marriage to Humphries was merely a publicity stunt to promote the Kardashian family's brand and their subsequent television ventures.[58] Her former publicist has also claimed that her short-lived wedding was indeed staged and a ploy to generate money. Kardashian has since filed suit against him, saying his claims were untrue.[59] A widely circulated petition asking to remove all Kardashian related programing off the air has been followed since their split.[60] In March 2012, Kardashian and her sisters Kourtney and Khloe were named in a $5 million class action lawsuit against QuickTrim, the weight loss supplement they endorse.[61]
Filmography[link]
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2007–present | Keeping Up with the Kardashians | Herself | Reality show |
| 2008 | Dancing with the Stars | Herself | |
| 2008 | Disaster Movie | Lisa Taylor[62] | |
| 2009 | CSI: NY | Debbie Fallon | Season 6, 1 episode |
| 2009–2010 | Kourtney and Khloé Take Miami | Herself | Guest star, 5 episodes |
| 2009 | America's Next Top Model | Herself | Cycle 13, 1 episode |
| 2009 | Deep in the Valley | Summa Eve | |
| 2009 | How I Met Your Mother | Herself | Season 4, 1 episode |
| 2009 | Beyond the Break | Elle | Season 3, 4 episodes |
| 2010 | 90210 | Herself | Season 3, 1 episode |
| 2011 | Khloé & Lamar | Herself | Guest star, 3 episodes |
| 2011–present | Kourtney and Kim Take New York | Herself | Reality show |
| 2011 | America's Next Top Model | Herself | Cycle 17, 1 episode |
| 2012 | Drop Dead Diva | Nikki | Season 4, 1 episode |
| 2012 | Last Man Standing | Herself | Season 1, 1 episode |
| 2012 | The Marriage Counselor | Ava[63] | |
| 2012 | 30 Rock | Herself | Cameo appearance in live episode |
| 2012 | Alan Carr: Chatty Man | Herself | Season 8, episode 4 |
References[link]
 |
This article uses bare URLs for citations. Please consider adding full citations so that the article remains verifiable. Several templates and the Reflinks tool are available to assist in formatting. (Reflinks documentation) (March 2012) |
- ^ http://www.actressarchives.com/celebrities/kim-kardashian |
- ^ "Kim Kardashian Biography". People.com. undated. http://search.people.com/results.html?Ntt=kim%20kardashian&searchSubmit.y=0&bu=&searchSubmit.x=0l. Retrieved October 31, 2011.
- ^ "Kim Kardashian With Sister Kourtney, Takes Reality Show To New York". Usanewsweek.com. October 5, 2010. http://www.usanewsweek.com/news/Kim-Kardashian-With-Sister-Kourtney--Takes-Reality-Show-To-New-York-1286307938/. Retrieved July 3, 2011.
- ^ "Monuments and momentous times in Monte Carlo – Kim Kardashian videos, photos and blog: Official website". Kimkardashian.celebuzz.com. June 11, 2008. http://kimkardashian.celebuzz.com/2008/06/11/monuments_and_momentous_times/. Retrieved July 3, 2011.
- ^ Buckman, Adam (October 4, 2007). "Caught on Tape: Kim Kardashian Goes Home With Her Family". New York Post. http://www.nypost.com/seven/10142007/tv/caught_on_tape.htm. Retrieved February 22, 2008.
- ^ "Kim Kardashian Biography". New York Times. http://movies.nytimes.com/person/1457148/Kim-Kardashian/biography. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
- ^ "The Saint and The Sinner". GQ Magazine. March 2009. http://www.gq.com/women/photos/200903/new-orleans-reggie-bush-running-back-kim-kardashian. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
- ^ Kim Kardashian (August 11, 2010). "Kim Kardashian: I'm "Definitely Dating" Miles Austin". E! Online. http://www.eonline.com/uberblog/hwood_party_girl/b194764_kim_kardashian_im_definitely_dating.html. Retrieved October 30, 2010.
- ^ Garcia, Jennifer (December 7, 2010). "Kim Kardashian and Gabriel Aubry Split – Breakups, Gabriel Aubry, Kim Kardashian". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20447708,00.html. Retrieved July 3, 2011.
- ^ S Hirsch (2007). ""Kim Kardashian Superstar Featuring Ray J" 18 U.S.C. 2257 Compliance Records". Vivid Entertainment LLC. – 18 U.S.C. 2257 Compliance Records.
- ^ a b Vivid Entertainment (February 7, 2007). "Vivid Entertainment Spends $1-Million To Acquire Notorious Video 'Starring' Sexy Socialite Kim Kardashian And Hip Hop Star Ray J". Hip Hop Press. http://www.hiphoppress.com/2007/02/vivid_entertain.html. Retrieved October 6, 2008.
- ^ Johnson, Richard (May 1, 2007). "Happy Ending". New York Post. http://www.nypost.com/seven/05012007/gossip/pagesix/happy_ending_pagesix_.htm. Retrieved February 26, 2008.
- ^ Kim Kardashian and Paris Hilton End Their Feud – UsMagazine.com
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External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Kim Kardashian |
- Official website
- Kim Kardashian at the Internet Movie Database
- Kardashians join forces with Australian designer at Mediasearch
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Kardashian, Kim |
| Alternative names | Kardashian, Kimberly Noel |
| Short description | Entrepreneur, model, actress |
| Date of birth | October 21, 1980 |
| Place of birth | Los Angeles, California |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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