- published: 24 Nov 2010
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- author: ivyleaguerecords
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Aleppo
Aleppo (Arabic: حلب Ḥalab [ˈħalæb], other names) is the largest city in Syria and the capital of Aleppo Governorate, the most populous Syrian governorate. With an official population of 2,132,100 (2004 census), it is also one of the largest cities in the Levant. For centuries, Aleppo was Greater Syria's largest city and the Ottoman Empire's third, after Constantinople and Cairo. Although relatively close to Damascus in distance, Aleppo is distinct in identity, architecture and culture, all shaped by a markedly different history and geography.
Aleppo is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world; it has been inhabited since perhaps as early as the 6th millennium BC. Excavations at Tell as-Sawda and Tell al-Ansari, just south of the old city of Aleppo, show that the area was occupied since at least the latter part of the 3rd millennium BC; and this is also when Aleppo is first mentioned in cuneiform tablets unearthed in Ebla and Mesopotamia, in which it is noted for its commercial and military proficiency. Such a long history is probably due to its being a strategic trading point midway between the Mediterranean Sea and Mesopotamia.
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Bali
Bali is an Indonesian island located in the westernmost end of the Lesser Sunda Islands, lying between Java to the west and Lombok to the east. It is one of the country's 33 provinces with the provincial capital at Denpasar towards the south of the island. The province covers a few small neighbouring islands as well as the isle of Bali.
With a population recorded as 3,891,428 in the 2010 census, the island is home to most of Indonesia's Hindu minority. In the 2000 census about 92.29% of Bali's population adhered to Balinese Hinduism while most of the remainder follow Islam. It is also the largest tourist destination in the country and is renowned for its highly developed arts, including traditional and modern dance, sculpture, painting, leather, metalworking, and music. Bali, a tourist haven for decades, has seen a further surge in tourist numbers in recent years.
Bali was inhabited by around 2000 BC by Austronesian peoples who migrated originally from Taiwan through Maritime Southeast Asia. Culturally and linguistically, the Balinese are thus closely related to the peoples of the Indonesian archipelago, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Oceania. Stone tools dating from this time have been found near the village of Cekik in the island's west.
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Bangladesh
Coordinates: 23°N 90°E / 23°N 90°E / 23; 90
Bangladesh (
i/ˈbɑːŋɡlədɛʃ/ or i/bæŋɡləˈdɛʃ/ (Anglicized pronunciation); Bengali: বাংলাদেশ), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh (Bengali: গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ Gônoprojatontri Bangladesh) is a sovereign state located in South Asia. It is bordered by India and Burma and by the Bay of Bengal to the south. The capital (and largest city) is Dhaka, located in central Bangladesh. The official state language is Bengali. The name Bangladesh means "Land of Bengal" or "Country of Bengal" the in the Bengali language, from Bangla "Bengal" and desh holding a dual meaning of "land" and "country" as English "country," German land, French pays, etc.
The borders of present-day Bangladesh were established with the partition of Bengal during the reign and demise of the British India. Its map was chartered by Sir Cyril Radcliffe during the creation of Pakistan and India in 1947, when the region became East Pakistan, part of the newly formed nation of Pakistan. Due to political exclusion and economic exploitation by the politically dominant West Pakistan, popular agitation grew against West Pakistan and led to the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971, after the Bangladeshi Declaration of Independence on 26 March 1971. With the intervention of the Indian Army, the war came to an end on 16 December 1971 with the surrender of the Pakistan Army at Ramna Race Course.
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Bawtry
Coordinates: 53°25′40″N 1°01′00″W / 53.4278°N 1.0167°W / 53.4278; -1.0167
Bawtry is a small market town and civil parish which lies at the point where the Great North Road crosses the River Idle in the Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster in South Yorkshire, England. Nearby towns include Gainsborough to the east, Retford south southeast, Worksop to the southwest and Doncaster to the northwest. It has a population of 3,204.
Bawtry is located in the metropolitan borough of Doncaster on the border with Nottinghamshire, and is situated between Bircotes and Misson at the conjunction of the A614, A631 and A638 roads. The county boundary with Nottinghamshire runs just to the south of the town and for this reason the southern most house on the Great North Road is named 'Number One Yorkshire'.
Bawtry's geographical location is 53° 25' 40" North, 1° 1' West, at an elevation of around 20 metres above sea level.
The town is located just south of Robin Hood Airport, formerly RAF Finningley, and was home to the RAF's No.1 Group Bomber Command Headquarters at Bawtry Hall (see RAF Bawtry). Since 1989 Bawtry Hall has operated as a Christian conference centre and a base for several Christian organisations.
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Beirut
Coordinates: 33°53′13″N 35°30′47″E / 33.88694°N 35.51306°E / 33.88694; 35.51306
Beirut (Arabic: بيروت Bayrūt, Greek: Βηρυττός, Latin: Berytus, French: Beyrouth, Hebrew: ביירות Beyrut) is the capital and largest city of Lebanon. As there has been no recent population census, the exact population is unknown; estimates in 2007 ranged from slightly less than 1 million to slightly more than 2 million. Located on a peninsula at the midpoint of Lebanon's Mediterranean coast, it serves as the country's largest and main seaport. The Beirut metropolitan area consists of the city and its suburbs. The first mention of this metropolis is found in the ancient Egyptian Tell el Amarna letters, dating from the 15th century BC. The city has been inhabited continuously since then.
Beirut is Lebanon's seat of government and plays a central role in the Lebanese economy, with many banks and corporations based in its city centre, Hamra Street, Rue Verdun and Ashrafieh. The city is the focal point of the region's cultural life, renowned for its press, theatres, cultural activities and nightlife. After the destructive Lebanese Civil War, Beirut underwent major reconstruction, and the redesigned historic city centre, marina, pubs and nightlife districts have once again made it a tourist attraction. Beirut was named the top place to visit by The New York Times in 2009, and as one of the ten liveliest cities in the world by Lonely Planet in the same year.
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Brunei
Bruneii/bruːˈnaɪ/, officially the Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace (Malay: Negara Brunei Darussalam, Jawi: نڬارا بروني دارالسلام), is a sovereign state located on the north coast of the island of Borneo, in Southeast Asia. Apart from its coastline with the South China Sea, it is completely surrounded by the state of Sarawak, Malaysia, and it is separated into two parts by the Sarawak district of Limbang. It is the only sovereign state completely on the island of Borneo, with the remainder of the island belonging to Malaysia and Indonesia. Brunei's population was 401,890 in July 2011.
The official national history claims that Brunei can trace its beginnings to the 7th century, when it was a subject state of the Srivijayan empire under the name P'o-li. It later became a vassal state of Majapahit empire before converting to Islam in the 15th century. At the peak of its empire, the sultanate had control that extended over the coastal regions of modern-day Sarawak and Sabah, the Sulu archipelago, and the islands off the northwest tip of Borneo. The thalassocracy was visited by Ferdinand Magellan in 1521 and fought the Castille War in 1578 against Spain. Its empire began to decline with the forced ceding of Sarawak to James Brooke and the ceding of Sabah to the British North Borneo Chartered Company. After the loss of Limbang, Brunei finally became a British protectorate in 1888, receiving a resident in 1906. In the years after the Japanese wartime occupation during World War II, it formalised a constitution and fought an armed rebellion. Brunei regained its independence from the United Kingdom on 1 January 1984. Economic growth during the 1970s and 1990s, averaging 56% from 1999 to 2008, has transformed Brunei Darussalam into a newly industrialised country.
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Bulgaria
Coordinates: 42°45′N 25°30′E / 42.75°N 25.5°E / 42.75; 25.5
Bulgariai/bʌlˈɡɛəriə/ (Bulgarian: България, IPA: [bɤ̞ɫˈɡarijɐ]), is a country located in Southeastern Europe. It is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and the Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south and the Black Sea to the east. With a territory of 110,994 square kilometres (42,855 sq mi), Bulgaria is Europe's 14th-largest country. Its location has made it a historical crossroad for various civilisations and as such it is the home of some of the earliest metalworking, religious and other cultural artifacts in the world.
Prehistoric cultures began developing on Bulgarian lands during the Neolithic period. Its ancient history was marked by the presence of the Thracians, and later by the Greeks and Romans. The emergence of a unified Bulgarian ethnicity and state dates back to the First Bulgarian Empire, which dominated most of the Balkans and functioned as a cultural hub for Slavic peoples during the Middle Ages. With the downfall of the Second Bulgarian Empire in 1396, its territories came under Ottoman rule for nearly five hundred years. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 resulted in the Third Bulgarian State, recognised in 1908. The following years saw several conflicts with its neighbours, which prompted Bulgaria to align with Germany in both World Wars. In 1946 it became a Communist republic with a single-party system until 1989, when the Communist Party allowed multi-party elections. After 1990 Bulgaria transitioned to democracy and a market-based economy.
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Cantabria
Cantabria (English /kænˈtɑːbriə/, /kænˈtæbriə/; Spanish: [kanˈtaβɾja]) is a Spanish historical region and autonomous community with Santander as its capital city. It is bordered on the east by the Basque Autonomous Community (province of Biscay), on the south by Castile and León (provinces of León, Palencia and Burgos), on the west by the Principality of Asturias, and on the north by the Cantabrian Sea (Bay of Biscay).
Cantabria belongs to Green Spain, the name given to the strip of land between the Bay of Biscay and the Cantabrian Mountains, so called because of its particularly lush vegetation, due to the wet and moderate oceanic climate. The climate is strongly influenced by Atlantic Ocean winds trapped by the mountains; the average precipitation is about 1,200 mm (47 inches).
Cantabria is the richest region in the world for archaeological sites from the Upper Paleolithic period, although the first signs of human occupation date from Lower Paleolithic. The most significant site for cave paintings is that in the cave of Altamira, dating from about 16,000 to 9000 BC and declared, along with nine other Cantabrian caves, as World Heritage Sites by UNESCO.
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Castle Combe
Coordinates: 51°29′41″N 2°13′11″W / 51.49463°N 2.21971°W / 51.49463; -2.21971
Castle Combe is a small village in Wiltshire, England, with a population of about 350. It is renowned for its attractiveness and tranquillity, and for fine buildings including the medieval church. The 14th century market cross, erected when the privilege to hold a weekly market in Castle Combe was granted, is situated where the three principal streets converge. Some small stone steps near the cross were for horse riders to mount and dismount and close by are the remains of the buttercross. The village has twice played host to the Combe Sunday event, a music extravaganza which attracted 4,000 visitors to the village in 2006.
The 4-star Manor House Hotel in the village was built in the 14th century. It has 48 rooms and 365 acres (1.5 km2) of gardens.
The village prospered during the fifteenth century, when it belonged to Millicent, the wife of Sir Stephen Le Scrope and then of Sir John Fastolf (1380–1459), a Norfolk knight who was the effective lord of the manor for fifty years. He promoted the woollen industry, supplying his own troops and others for Henry V's war in France.
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Caucasus
The Caucasus, also Caucas or Caucasia (for endonyms, see below), is a geopolitical region at the border of Europe and Asia, and situated between the Black and the Caspian sea. It is home to the Caucasus Mountains, which contain Europe's highest mountain, Mt. Elbrus. Politically, the Caucasus region is separated between northern and southern parts.
The northern portion of the Caucasus is known as the Ciscaucasus and the southern portion as the Transcaucasus.
The Ciscaucasus contains the larger majority of the Greater Caucasus Mountain range, also known as the Major Caucasus mountains. It includes Southwestern Russia and northern parts of Georgia and Azerbaijan.
The Transcaucasus is bordered on the north by Russia, on the west by the Black Sea and Turkey, on the east by the Caspian Sea, and on the south by Iran. It includes the Caucasus Mountains and surrounding lowlands. All of Armenia, Azerbaijan (excluding the northern parts) and Georgia (excluding the northern parts) are in South Caucasus.
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County Durham
County Durham /ˈdʌrəm/ is a ceremonial county and (smaller) unitary district in north east England. The county town is Durham. The largest settlement in the ceremonial county (in its own unitary Borough) is the town of Darlington. The county has a mixture of mining and farming heritage, as well as a heavy railway industry, particularity in the southwest of the county in Darlington, Shildon and Stockton. Its economy was historically based on coal and iron mining. It is an area of regeneration and promoted as a tourist destination.
The ceremonial county borders Tyne and Wear, North Yorkshire and Northumberland forms part of the North East England region.
Many counties are named after their principal town, and the expected form here would be Durhamshire. The county is commonly known as County Durham but was officially named Durham until at least 1997. The structural change legislation in 2009, however, referred to the county of County Durham. The former postal county was known as "County Durham" to distinguish it from the post town of Durham. Durham is the only English county name to be prefixed with "County" in common usage - a practice more common in Ireland.
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Croatia
Croatia (i/kroʊˈeɪʃə/ kroh-AY-shə; Croatian: Hrvatska pronounced [xř̩ʋaːtskaː]), officially the Republic of Croatia (Croatian: Republika Hrvatska 
listen (help·info)), is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of Central Europe, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers 56,594 square kilometres (21,851 square miles) and has diverse, mostly continental and Mediterranean climates. Croatia's Adriatic Sea coast contains more than a thousand islands. The country's population is 4.29 million, most of whom are Croats, with the most common religious denomination being Roman Catholicism.
In the early 7th century the Croats arrived in area of present-day Croatia. They organised the state into two dukedoms by the 9th century. Tomislav became the first king by 925 AD, elevating Croatia to the status of a kingdom. The Kingdom of Croatia retained its sovereignty for nearly two centuries, reaching its peak during the rule of Kings Peter Krešimir IV and Dmitar Zvonimir. Croatia entered a personal union with Hungary in 1102. In 1527, faced with Ottoman conquest the Croatian Parliament elected Ferdinand I of the House of Habsburg to the Croatian throne. In 1918, after World War I, Croatia was included in the short-lived State of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs that declared independence from Austria–Hungary and co-founded the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. A Croatian state briefly existed during World War II as a fascist puppet state. After the war, Croatia became a founding member and a federal constituent of the Second Yugoslavia, a socialist state. In June 1991, Croatia declared independence, which came into effect on 8 October of the same year. The Croatian War of Independence was fought successfully during the four years following the declaration.
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Damascus
Damascus (Arabic: دِمَشق / ALA-LC: Dimashq; commonly known in Syria as al-Sham (Arabic: الشام / al-Shām), and as the City of Jasmine (Arabic: مدينة الياسمين / Madīnat al-Yāsmīn), is the capital and the second largest city of Syria. Both are part of the country's 14 governorates. In addition to being one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, Damascus is a major cultural and religious center of the Levant. The city has an estimated population of 1,711,000 (2009 est.).
Located in southwestern Syria, Damascus is the center of a large metropolitan area of 2.6 million people (2004). Geographically embedded on the eastern foothills of the Anti-Lebanon mountain range 80 kilometres (50 mi) inland from the eastern shore of the Mediterranean on a plateau 680 metres (2,230 ft) above sea-level, Damascus experiences a semi-arid climate due to the rain shadow effect. The Barada River flows through Damascus.
First settled in the 2nd millennium BC, it was chosen as the capital of the Umayyad Caliphate from 661 to 750. After the victory of the Abbasid dynasty, the seat of Islamic power was moved to Baghdad. Damascus saw a political decline throughout the Abbasid era, only to regain significant importance in the Ayyubid and Mamluk periods. During Ottoman rule, the city decayed completely while maintaining a certain cultural prestige. Today, it is the seat of the central government and all of the government ministries. Damascus was chosen as the 2008 Arab Capital of Culture.
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Didsbury
Coordinates: 53°25′00″N 2°13′52″W / 53.4166°N 2.2311°W / 53.4166; -2.2311
Didsbury ( /ˈdɪdzbəri/) is a suburban area of the City of Manchester, in Greater Manchester, England. It lies on the north bank of the River Mersey, 4.5 miles (7.2 km) south of Manchester city centre, in the southern half of the Greater Manchester Urban Area. It is a dormitory community with a resident population of just over 14,000 people.
Historically a part of Lancashire, there are records of Didsbury existing as a small hamlet as early as the 13th century. Its early history was dominated by its association with Withington under a feudal estate, which covered other areas in what is now the south of Manchester. During the 18th century, Didsbury was being described as a township separate from outside influence. In 1745 Charles Edward Stuart crossed the Mersey at Didsbury in the Jacobite march south from Manchester to Derby, and again in the subsequent retreat.
Didsbury was largely rural until the mid-19th century, when it underwent development and urbanisation during the Industrial Revolution. Introduced into the inner boundaries of Manchester in 1904, Didsbury was integrated into the city 45 years after Manchester gained city status, perhaps in part to the improvements made to, and the gradual increase in use of, the railway network.
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French Polynesia
French Polynesia (i/ˈfrɛntʃ pɒlɨˈniːʒə/; French: Polynésie française, pronounced: [pɔlinezi fʁɑ̃sɛz]; Tahitian: Pōrīnetia Farāni) is an overseas country of the French Republic (pays d'outre-mer). It is made up of several groups of Polynesian islands, the most famous island being Tahiti in the Society Islands group, which is also the most populous island and the seat of the capital of the territory (Papeetē). Although not an integral part of its territory, Clipperton Island was administered from French Polynesia until 2007.
The island groups that make up French Polynesia were not officially united until the establishment of the French protectorate in 1889. The first of these islands to be settled by indigenous Polynesians were the Marquesas Islands in AD 300 and the Society Islands in AD 800. The Polynesians were organized in loose chieftainships.
European communication began in 1521 when the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan sighted Pukapuka in the Tuāmotu-Gambier Archipelago. Dutchman Jakob Roggeveen came across Bora Bora in the Society Islands in 1722, and the British explorer Samuel Wallis visited Tahiti in 1767. The French explorer Louis Antoine de Bougainville visited Tahiti in 1768, while the British explorer James Cook visited in 1769. Christian missions began with Spanish priests who stayed in Tahiti for a year from 1774; Protestants from the London Missionary Society settled permanently in Polynesia in 1797.
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Gilan Province
Gilan Province (Persian: استان گیلان, Ostān-e Gīlān ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It lies along the Caspian Sea, just west of the province of Mazandaran, east of the province of Ardabil, north of the provinces of Zanjan and Qazvin. The northern part of the province is part of territory of South (Iranian) Talysh. At the center of the province is the main city of Rasht. Other towns in the province include Astara, Astaneh-e Ashrafiyyeh, Fuman, Lahijan, Langrud, Masouleh, Manjil, Rudbar, Roudsar, Shaft, Talesh, and Soumahe Sara.
The main harbor port of the province is Bandar-e Anzali (previously Bandar-e Pahlavi).
During the Persian era, this area was a province known as Daylam (sometimes Daylaman, Dailam or Delam). The Daylam region corresponds to the modern region of Gīlān. It was the place of origin of the Buyid dynasty. The people of the province had a prominent position during the Sassanid dynasty, their presence extended to Mesopotamia.
The first recorded encounter between Gilak and Deylamite warlords and invading Muslim Arab armies was at the Battle of Jalula in 637 AD. Deylamite commander Muta led an army of Gils, Deylamites, Azerbaijanis and people of the Rey region. Muta was killed in the battle and his defeated army managed to retreat in an orderly manner.
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Hampstead
Coordinates: 51°33′15″N 0°10′28″W / 51.5541°N 0.1744°W / 51.5541; -0.1744
Hampstead (/ˈhæmpstɪd/ or /-stɛd/), commonly known as Hampstead Village, is an affluent area of London, England, 4 miles (6.4 km) north-west of Charing Cross. Part of the London Borough of Camden in Inner London, it is known for its intellectual, liberal, artistic, musical and literary associations and for Hampstead Heath, a large, hilly expanse of parkland. It has some of the most expensive housing in the London area. The village of Hampstead has more millionaires within its boundaries than any other area of the United Kingdom.
The name comes from the Anglo-Saxon words ham and stede, which means, and is a cognate of, the Modern English "homestead".
Although early records of Hampstead can be found in a grant by King Ethelred the Unready to the monastery of St. Peter’s at Westminster (AD 986) and it is referred to in the Domesday Book (1086), the history of Hampstead is generally traced back to the 17th century. Trustees of the Well started advertising the medicinal qualities of the chalybeate waters (water impregnated with iron) in 1700. Although Hampstead Wells was initially most successful and fashionable, its popularity declined in the 1800s due to competition with other fashionable London spas. The spa was demolished in 1882, although a water fountain was left behind.
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Horsforth
Coordinates: 53°50′03″N 1°38′34″W / 53.83413°N 1.64288°W / 53.83413; -1.64288
Horsforth is a town and civil parish within the metropolitan borough of the City of Leeds, in West Yorkshire, England, lying to the north west of Leeds. It has a population of 18,928. Horsforth was considered to have the largest population of any village in the United Kingdom during the latter part of the nineteenth century. It became part of the City of Leeds metropolitan borough in 1974, and became a civil parish with town council in 1999.
Horsforth was mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Horseford, Horseforde, Hoseforde and its name derives from horse and ford. This refers to a river crossing on the River Aire, probably used for the transportation of woollen goods to and from Pudsey, Shipley and Bradford. The original ford was situated off Calverley Lane (near the Calverley Bridge Zero Waste Sort Site), but was replaced by a stone footbridge at the turn of the 19th century.
The three unnamed Saxon thegns that held the land at the conquest gave way to the king and then lesser Norman nobles,[citation needed] but it was not long after this that most of the village came under the control of Kirkstall Abbey, a Cistercian house founded in 1152 on the bank of the River Aire downstream of Horsforth.
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India
India (i/ˈɪndiə/), officially the Republic of India (Bhārat Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south-west, and the Bay of Bengal on the south-east, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Burma and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; in addition, India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.
Home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history. Four of the world's major religions—Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism—originated here, whereas Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived in the 1st millennium CE and also helped shape the region's diverse culture. Gradually annexed by and brought under the administration of the British East India Company from the early 18th century and administered directly by the United Kingdom from the mid-19th century, India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by non-violent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi.
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Indonesia
Indonesia (i/ˌɪndəˈniːʒə/ IN-də-NEE-zhə or /ˌɪndoʊˈniːziə/ IN-doh-NEE-zee-ə), officially the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Republik Indonesia Indonesian pronunciation: [rɛpʊblɪk ɪndɔnɛsɪa]), is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 17,508 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an elected legislature and president. The nation's capital city is Jakarta. The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and Malaysia. Other neighboring countries include Singapore, Philippines, Australia, and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Indonesia is a founding member of ASEAN and a member of the G-20 major economies. The Indonesian economy is the world's 17th largest economy by nominal GDP.
The Indonesian archipelago has been an important trade region since at least the 7th century, when Srivijaya and then later Majapahit traded with China and India. Local rulers gradually absorbed foreign cultural, religious and political models from the early centuries CE, and Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms flourished. Indonesian history has been influenced by foreign powers drawn to its natural resources. Muslim traders brought Islam, and European powers brought Christianity and fought one another to monopolize trade in the Spice Islands of Maluku during the Age of Discovery. Following three and a half centuries of Dutch colonialism, Indonesia secured its independence after World War II. Indonesia's history has since been turbulent, with challenges posed by natural disasters, corruption, separatism, a democratization process, and periods of rapid economic change.
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Insular area
An insular area is a United States territory, that is neither a part of one of the 50 U.S. states nor the District of Columbia, the federal district of the U.S. They are called "insular" from the Latin word insula ("island") because they were once administered by the War Department's Bureau of Insular Affairs, now the Office of Insular Affairs at the Department of the Interior. The term insular possession is also sometimes used.
Because those insular areas that are inhabited are unincorporated territories, their native-born inhabitants are not constitutionally entitled to United States citizenship, under the Citizenship Clause.[citation needed] However, Congress has extended citizenship rights to all inhabited territories except American Samoa, and these citizens may vote and run for office in any U.S. jurisdiction in which they are residents. The people of American Samoa are U.S. nationals, but not U.S. citizens; they are free to move around and seek employment within the whole United States without immigration restrictions, but cannot vote or hold office outside of American Samoa.[citation needed]
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Iran
Coordinates: 32°N 53°E / 32°N 53°E / 32; 53
Iran (i/ɪˈrɑːn/ or /aɪˈræn/;Persian: ایران [ʔiˈɾɒn] (
listen)), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (Persian: جمهوری اسلامی ایران Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān), is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran", which in Persian means "Land of the Aryans", has been in use natively since the Sassanian era. It came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia ( /ˈpɜrʒə/ or /ˈpɜrʃə/). Both "Persia" and "Iran" are used interchangeably in cultural contexts; however, "Iran" is the name used officially in political contexts.
The 18th-largest country in the world in terms of area at 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi), Iran has a population of around 79 million. It is a country of particular geopolitical significance owing to its location in the Middle East and central Eurasia. Iran is bordered on the north by Armenia, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan. As Iran is a littoral state of the Caspian Sea, which is an inland sea, Kazakhstan and Russia are also Iran's direct neighbors to the north. Iran is bordered on the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan, on the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, on the west by Iraq and on the northwest by Turkey. Tehran is the capital, the country's largest city and the political, cultural, commercial and industrial center of the nation. Iran is a regional power, and holds an important position in international energy security and world economy as a result of its large reserves of petroleum and natural gas. Iran has the second largest proven natural gas reserves in the world and the fourth largest proven petroleum reserves.
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Kovachevitsa
Kovachevitsa is a village in the municipality of Garmen, in Blagoevgrad Province, Bulgaria.
The village is situated in the Dabrash part of the Rhodope Mountains in the steep valley of Kanina river, 9 kilometers north of Garmen, 71 kilometers southeast of Blagoevgrad and 119 kilometers southeast of Sofia.
The village has been founded by refugees from different villages, who tried to escape the Ottoman assimilation in XVII century. The isolated location and the fresh water supply were the most important factors in this process. The village has never had Ottoman administration, therefore it preserved the Bulgarian traditions.
The church "St. Nicolas" (Bulgarian: Свети Никола, Sveti Nickola) was built in 1847 and a bell-tower was built in 1900. The church is pronounced as national monument of culture.
The first school was founded in 1820 and run by priests. In 1854 was founded a secular school. The school moved to a new two-story house in 1888. Nowadays the school is not working, because the lack of children and the building is preserved as a museum.
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Kuban
Coordinates: 45°02′N 38°58′E / 45.033°N 38.967°E / 45.033; 38.967
Kuban (Russian: Кубань; Adyghe: Пшызэ, Ukrainian: Кубань) is a geographic region of Southern Russia surrounding the Kuban River, on the Black Sea between the Don Steppe, Volga Delta and the Caucasus. Krasnodar Krai is often referred to as Kuban, both officially and unofficially, although the term is not exclusive to the krai and accommodates the republics of Adygea, Karachay–Cherkessia, and parts of Stavropol Krai.
The settlement of Kuban and of the adjacent Black Sea region occurred gradually for over a century, and was heavily influenced by the outcomes of the conflicts between Russia and Turkey. In the mid-18th century, the area was predominantly settled by the mountainous Adyghe tribes. After the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774, the population of the area started to show more pro-Russian tendencies.
In order to stop Turkish ambitions to use Kuban region to facilitate the return of the Crimea, Russia started to establish a network of fortifications along the Kuban River in the 1770s. After the Russian annexation of the Crimea, right-bank Kuban, and Taman in 1783, the Kuban River became the border of the Russian Empire. New fortresses were built on the Kuban in the 1780s–1790s.
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La Cumbrecita
La Cumbrecita is a small picturesque secluded alpine-like hamlet amongst spruce and pine at 1450 meters above sea level where is not unusual to see a blanket of snow in winter time in the Province of Córdoba, Argentina. It is situated in the Calamuchita Valley in the Grand Sierras of Córdoba. A 30 km pebbled road, up through scenic views of the Sierra Grandes will take you to La Cumbrecita.
The Medio river borders La Cumbrecita and is the edge of Santa María County. The INDEC 2001 census counted 189 inhabitants in La Cumbrecita and 156 in Calamuchita, totaling 345 inhabitants. 140 houses are nestled among the trees (97 and 43 in each county).
This small town is around 40 km (depending on the route chosen) to the west of Villa General Belgrano and 118 km from the city of Córdoba. Excursions to La Cumbrecita can be taken from nearby Villa General Belgrano, founded by the crew of the German cruiser Admiral Graf Spee, if the visitors don't have their own transportation.
Administratively, the town is organized as a commune. It was officially founded on 9 September 1934, when the Kabjoski family bought 500 hectares and brothers Enrique and Federico Behrend started their pioneer work. There were no roads then, and everything had to be brought in by donkey. Federico planted the pine trees and so transforme the countryside into an Alpine environment. He also took care of the farm used to lodge the animals which wandered through the open fields. His brother Enrique made the road to Los Reartes and constructed the first houses.
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Latakia
Latakia, or Latakiyah (and often locally transliterated as Lattakia) (Arabic: اللَاذِقِيَّة al-Lādhiqīyah), is the principal port city of Syria, as well as the capital of the Latakia Governorate. In addition to serving as a port, the city is a manufacturing center for surrounding agricultural towns and villages. According to the 2004 official census, the population of the city is 383,786. It is the 4th largest city in Syria after Aleppo, Damascus and Homs.
Though the site has been inhabited since the second millennium BC, the modern-day city was first founded in the 4th century BC under the rule of the Seleucid empire. Latakia was subsequently ruled by the Romans, then the Ummayads and Abbasids in the 8th–10th centuries. Under their rule, the Byzantines frequently attacked the city, periodically recapturing it before losing it again to the Arabs, particularly the Fatimids. Afterward, Latakia was ruled by the Seljuk Turks, Crusaders, Ayyubids, Mamluks, and Ottomans. Following World War I, Latakia was assigned to the French mandate of Syria, in which it served as the capital of the autonomous territory of the Alawites. This autonomous territory became the State of Alawites in 1922, proclaiming its independence a number of times until reintegrating into Syria in 1944.
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Lebanon
Lebanon (i/ˈlɛbənɒn/ or /ˈlɛbənən/; Arabic: لبنان Libnān or Lubnān, Lebanese Arabic: [lɪbˈneːn]), officially the Lebanese Republic (Arabic: الجمهورية اللبنانية al-Jumhūrīyah al-Libnānīyah, Lebanese Arabic: [elˈʒʊmhuːɾɪjje l.ˈlɪbneːnɪjje]), is a country in the East Mediterranean. It is bordered by Syria to the north and east, and Israel to the south. Lebanon's location at the crossroads of the Mediterranean Basin and the Arabian hinterland has dictated its rich history, and shaped a cultural identity of religious and ethnic diversity.
The earliest evidence of civilization in Lebanon dates back more than 7,000 years—predating recorded history. Lebanon was the home of the Phoenicians, a maritime culture that flourished for nearly 2,500 years (3000–539 BC). Following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire after World War I, the five provinces that comprise modern Lebanon were mandated to France. The French expanded the borders of Mount Lebanon, which was mostly populated by Maronite Catholics and Druze, to include more Muslims. Lebanon gained independence in 1943, and established a unique political system, known as confessionalism, a power-sharing mechanism based on religious communities – Bechara El Khoury who became independent Lebanon's first President and Riad El-Solh, who became Lebanon's first prime minister, are considered the founders of the modern Republic of Lebanon and are national heroes for having led the country's independence. French troops withdrew from Lebanon in 1946.
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Leeds
Coordinates: 53°47′59″N 1°32′57″W / 53.79972°N 1.54917°W / 53.79972; -1.54917 Leeds (i/ˈliːdz/) is a city and metropolitan borough in West Yorkshire, England. In 2001 Leeds' main urban subdivision had a population of 443,247, while the entire city has a population of 798,800 (2011 est.), making it the 24th-most populous city in the European Union
Leeds is the cultural, financial and commercial heart of the West Yorkshire Urban Area, which at the 2001 census had a population of 1.5 million, and the Leeds-Bradford Metropolitan Area, of which Leeds is the integral part, had a population of around 2.3 million, making it the fourth-largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom. In addition, the Leeds city region, an economic area with Leeds at its core, had a population of 2.9 million. Leeds is the UK's largest centre for business, legal, and financial services outside London, and its office market is the best in Europe for value. Leeds is considered a Gamma World City, alongside cities such as Phoenix, St. Petersburg and Valencia.
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London
Londoni/ˈlʌndən/ is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who named it Londinium. London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
London is a leading global city, with strengths in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism and transport all contributing to its prominence. It is the world's leading financial centre alongside New York City and has the fifth-largest city GDP in the world (and the largest in Europe). London has been described as a world cultural capital. It was the world's most visited city during 2011 and London Heathrow is the world's busiest airport by number of international passengers. London's 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education in Europe. In 2012 London will become the first city to host the modern Summer Olympic Games three times.
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Lötschental
The Lötschental is the largest valley on the northern side of the Rhône valley in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. It lies in the Bernese Alps, with the river Lonza running down the length of the valley from its source within the Langgletscher.
The picturesque valley extends about 27 kilometers (17 mi) from the Lötschenlücke (3178 m) at the top of the Langgletscher to the mouth of the valley at Steg/Gampel (630 m). It is surrounded by 3,000 meter high mountains, including the Bietschhorn (3,934 m), the Hockenhorn (3,293 m), the Wilerhorn (3,307 m) and the Petersgrat (3,205 m). The Jungfrau-Aletsch Protected Area area is the most glaciated area in the Swiss Alps, and was declared a Natural World Heritage Site by decision of UNESCO on December 13, 2001, along with southern and eastern parts of the Lötschental.
The main villages of the Lötschental are Wiler and Kippel, with 538 and 383 inhabitants respectively. Other villages in the valley include Ferden and Blatten. Altogether, the valley has approximately 1500 inhabitants.
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Malaysia
Malaysia (i/məˈleɪʒə/ mə-LAY-zhə or i/məˈleɪsiə/ mə-LAY-see-ə) is a federal constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia. It consists of thirteen states and three federal territories and has a total landmass of 329,847 square kilometres (127,350 sq mi) separated by the South China Sea into two similarly sized regions, Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo. Land borders are shared with Thailand, Indonesia, and Brunei, and maritime borders exist with Singapore, Vietnam, and the Philippines. The capital city is Kuala Lumpur, while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government. In 2010 the population exceeded 27.5 million, with over 20 million living on the Peninsula.
Malaysia has its origins in the Malay Kingdoms present in the area which, from the 18th century, became subject to the British Empire. The first British territories were known as the Straits Settlements, whose establishment was followed by the Malay kingdoms becoming British protectorates. The territories on Peninsular Malaysia were first unified as the Malayan Union in 1946. Malaya was restructured as the Federation of Malaya in 1948, and achieved independence on 31 August 1957. Malaya united with Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore on 16 September 1963, with si being added to give the new country the name Malaysia. However, less than two years later in 1965, Singapore was expelled from the federation. Since independence, Malaysia has had one of the best economic records in Asia, with GDP growing an average 6.5% for almost 50 years. The economy has traditionally been fuelled by its natural resources, but is expanding in the sectors of science, tourism, commerce and medical tourism.
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Maltby Main Colliery
Coordinates: 53°25′34″N 1°10′19″W / 53.426°N 1.172°W / 53.426; -1.172
Maltby Main Colliery is a coal mine situated on the eastern edge of the township of Maltby, South Yorkshire, some 7 miles east of Rotherham. It is presently (2008) the only colliery in production in the Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham.[citation needed]
The first shafts at Maltby Main Colliery were sunk in 1910, and the first coal produced four years later.[citation needed] Situated in a wooded area on Tickhill Road the colliery was some distance from the township of Maltby and in order to gain a workforce the colliery company commissioned the building of Maltby Model Village, an estate of 1000 houses.[citation needed] The colliery was opened by the Maltby Main Colliery Company, a subsidiary of the Sheepbridge Iron and Coal Company. Prior to nationalisation the owners were given as Amalgamated Denaby Collieries Ltd.
A explosion in the pit occurred 28 July 1923, resulting in 27 deaths.
The two shafts were deepened in the ten years from 1951 and this allowed horizontal access to the Barnsley seam. This also gave access to a new Swallow Wood seam. By 1969 the Barnsley seam was considered exhausted and production went over to Swallow Wood. In 1981 a major project commenced to mine the Parkgate seam. Costing £180,000,000 the first coal was brought to the surface just one year later.
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Manchester
Coordinates: 53°28′N 2°14′W / 53.467°N 2.233°W / 53.467; -2.233
Manchesteri/ˈmæntʃɛstər/ is a city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England with an estimated population of 498,800 in 2010. Manchester lies within one of the United Kingdom's largest urban areas; the Greater Manchester Urban Area which has a population of 2.2 million. The demonym of Manchester is Mancunian and the local authority is Manchester City Council.
Manchester is situated in the south-central part of North West England, fringed by the Cheshire Plain to the south and the Pennines to the north and east. The recorded history of Manchester began with the civilian settlement associated with the Roman fort of Mamucium, which was established in c. 79 AD on a sandstone bluff near the confluence of the rivers Medlock and Irwell. Historically, most of the city was a part of Lancashire, although areas south of the River Mersey were in Cheshire. Throughout the Middle Ages Manchester remained a manorial township, but it began to expand "at an astonishing rate" around the turn of the 19th century. Manchester's unplanned urbanisation was brought on by a boom in textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution, and resulted in it becoming the world's first industrialised city. An early 19th-century factory building boom transformed Manchester from a township into a major mill town and borough that was granted city status in 1853. In 1894 the Manchester Ship Canal was built, creating the Port of Manchester.
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Manhattan
Manhattan (/mænˈhætən/) is the most densely populated and the oldest of the five boroughs of New York City. Located primarily on the island of Manhattan at the mouth of the Hudson River, the boundaries of the borough are identical to those of New York County, an original county of the U.S. state of New York. The borough and county consist of Manhattan Island and several small adjacent islands: Roosevelt Island, Randall's Island, Wards Island, Governors Island, Liberty Island, part of Ellis Island,Mill Rock, and U Thant Island; as well as Marble Hill, a very small area on the mainland bordering the Bronx. The original city of New York began at the southern end of Manhattan, expanded northward, and then between 1874 and 1898, annexed land from surrounding counties.
The New York County is the most densely populated county in the United States, and one of the most densely populated areas in the world, with a 2010 population of 1,585,873 living in a land area of 22.96 square miles (59.5 km2), or 69,464 residents per square mile (26,924/km²), more dense than any individual American city. It is also one of the wealthiest counties in the United States, with a 2005 per capita income above $100,000. Manhattan is the third-largest of New York's five boroughs in population, and its smallest borough in land area.
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Marmarita
Marmarita (Arabic: مرمريتا, Classical Syriac: ܡܪܡܪܝܬܐ, Marmarītā) is a village located in Western Syria close to the governorate of Tartus but administratively belonging to the governorate of Homs since 1953. It was previously part of the Latakia Governorate. Marmarita is probably the largest village in the Wadi Al-Nasarah (Valley of Christians) region of Homs. Other villages in the area are Amar and Mishtayeh. It is also a very popular summer destination and tourist attraction in Syria. It is situated close to the Crac des Chevaliers, or Qal'at El Ḥiṣn, an important historic site and a popular tourist attraction.
All sources indicate that the current name of the village, Marmarita, is derived from the Syriac word Marmanitha, as this was evident in all religious and historical books and documents. What was explained in the Arabic Encyclopedia (by Dr. Ahmad Dawood) was wrong. The encyclopedia suggested that the name, Marmarita, was derived from the Syriac word Marmarato, which means god of gods, which has been mistakenly been viewed as the origin of the name Marmarita, even by the Syrian Television. Syriac speakers agree that the name Maramarita means a place that overlooks [another place], which is very reasonable as the village does overlook the Akkar plateau and the Mediterranean sea and Lebanese mountains. Orthodox and Catholic references confirm that.
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Marquesas Islands
Coordinates: 9°27′16″S 139°23′20″W / 9.45444°S 139.38889°W / -9.45444; -139.38889
The Marquesas Islands (French: Îles Marquises or Archipel des Marquises or Marquises; Marquesan: Te Henua (K)enana (North Marquesan) and Te Fenua `Enata (South Marquesan), both meaning "The Land of Men") are a group of volcanic islands in French Polynesia, an overseas collectivity of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. The Marquesas are located at 9° 00S, 139° 30W. The highest point is the peak of Mount Oave (French: Mont Oave) on Ua Pu island at 1,230 m (4,035 ft) above sea level.
The Marquesas Islands form one of the five administrative divisions (subdivisions administratives) of French Polynesia. The capital of the Marquesas Islands administrative subdivision is the settlement of Taiohae on the island of Nuku Hiva. The population of the Marquesas Islands was 8,632 at the August 2007 census.
The first recorded settlers of the Marquessa were Polynesians, who, from archæological evidence, are believed to have arrived before 100 AD. Ethnological and linguistic evidence suggests that they likely arrived from the region of Tonga and Samoa.
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Maryland
Maryland (i/ˈmɛrɨlənd/) is a U.S. state located in the Mid Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware to its east. Maryland was the seventh state to ratify the United States Constitution, and three nicknames for it (the Old Line State, the Free State, and the Chesapeake Bay State) are occasionally used. Maryland is the 9th smallest state by area, but the 19th most populous and the 5th most densely populated of the 50 United States. The state's most populated city is Baltimore. Its capital is Annapolis. It was named after Queen Henrietta Maria.
Maryland has an area of 12,406.68 square miles (32,133.2 km2) and is comparable in overall area with the European country of Belgium (11,787 square miles (30,530 km2)). It is the 42nd largest/9th smallest state, and is closest in size to Hawaii (10,930.98 square miles (28,311.1 km2)), the next smallest state. The next largest state, Maryland's neighbor West Virginia, is almost twice the size of Maryland (24,229.76 square miles (62,754.8 km2)).
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Montenegro
Montenegro (i/ˌmɒntɨˈneɪɡroʊ/ or /ˌmɒntɨˈniːɡroʊ/; or /ˌmɒntɨˈnɛɡroʊ/; Montenegrin: Crna Gora Црна Гора [tsr̩̂ːnaː ɡɔ̌ra] ( listen), meaning "Black Mountain") is a country in Southeastern Europe. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the south-west and is bordered by Croatia to the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the northeast and Albania to the southeast. Its capital and largest city is Podgorica, while Cetinje is designated as the Prijestonica (Пријестоница), meaning the former Royal Capital City.
In the 10th century, there existed three Slavic principalities on the territory of Montenegro: Duklja, roughly corresponding to the southern half, Travunia, the west, and Rascia, the north. In 1042, archon Stefan Vojislav led a revolt that resulted in independence of Duklja and the establishment of the Vojislavljević dynasty. Duklja reached its zenith under Vojislav's son, Mihailo (1046–81), and his son Bodin (1081–1101). By the 13th century, Zeta had replaced Duklja when referring to the realm, which at the time was part of the Serbian Grand Principality of the Nemanjić dynasty.
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Moscow Oblast
Moscow Oblast (Russian: Моско́вская о́бласть, tr. Moskovskaya oblast; IPA: [mɐˈskofskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]), or Podmoskovye (Russian: Подмоско́вье; IPA: [pədmɐˈskovʲjə]), is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its area, at 45,900 km2 (17,700 sq mi), is relatively small compared to other federal subjects, but it is one of the most densely populated regions in the country and, with the population of 7,095,120 (2010 Census), is the second most populous federal subject. There is no official administrative center of Moscow Oblast; its public authorities are located in Moscow and across other locations in the oblast.
The oblast was founded in 1929. It borders Tver Oblast in the northwest, Yaroslavl Oblast in the north, Vladimir Oblast in the northeast and east, Ryazan Oblast in the southeast, Tula Oblast in the south, Kaluga Oblast in the southwest and Smolensk Oblast in the west. In the center stands the federal city of Moscow, which is a separate federal subject in its own right. The oblast is highly industrialized, with its main industrial branches being metallurgy, oil refining, and mechanical engineering, food, energy, and chemical industries.
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Netherlands
The Netherlands (
i/ˈnɛðərləndz/; Dutch: Nederland [ˈneːdə(r)lɑnt] or [ˈneɪ̯də(r)lɑnt] (
listen); West Frisian: Nederlân; Papiamento: Hulanda) is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with some islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders with Belgium, Germany and the United Kingdom. It is a parliamentary democracy organised as a unitary state. The country capital is Amsterdam and the seat of government is The Hague. The Netherlands in its entirety is often referred to as Holland, although North and South Holland are actually only two of its twelve provinces (a case of pars pro toto; see terminology of "the Netherlands").
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New York City
New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. The city is referred to as New York City or The City of New York to distinguish it from the State of New York, of which it is a part. As a global power city, New York exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment. The home of the United Nations Headquarters, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural capital of the world.
Located on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which comprises a state county. The five boroughs—The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island—were consolidated into a single city in 1898. With a Census-estimated 2011 population of 8,244,910 distributed over a land area of just 305 square miles (790 km2), New York is the most densely populated major city in the United States. As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world. The New York City Metropolitan Area's population is the United States' largest, with 18.9 million people distributed over 6,720 square miles (17,400 km2), and is also part of the most populous combined statistical area in the United States, containing 22.1 million people as of the 2010 Census.
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Northumberland
Northumberland ( /nɔrˈθʌmbərlənd/; abbreviated Northumb. or Northd, the latter being preferred by the Royal Mail) is the northernmost ceremonial county and a unitary district in North East England. It borders Cumbria to the west, County Durham to the south and Tyne and Wear to the south east and the Scottish Borders council area to the north. Its North Sea coastline is a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty with a 64 mile (103 km) long distance path. Since 1981, the county council has been located in Morpeth, situated in the east of the county.
The historical boundaries of the county of Northumberland included Newcastle upon Tyne, the traditional county town, as well as Tynemouth and other settlements in North Tyneside, all areas transferred to Tyne and Wear in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972. The historical county boundaries are sometimes taken to exclude Islandshire, Bedlingtonshire and Norhamshire (collectively North Durham), exclaves of County Durham which were incorporated into Northumberland in 1844. For Eurostat purposes Northumberland is a NUTS 3 region (code UKC21) and is one of three local authority areas that comprise the "Northumberland and Tyne and Wear" NUTS 2 region.
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Ohio
Ohio (i/oʊˈhaɪ.oʊ/) is a state in the Midwestern United States. Ohio is the 34th most extensive, the 7th most populous, and the 10th most densely populated of the 50 United States. The state's capital and largest city is Columbus.
The name "Ohio" originated from Iroquois word ohi-yo’, meaning "great river". The state, originally partitioned from the Northwest Territory, was admitted to the Union as the 17th state (and the first under the Northwest Ordinance) on March 1, 1803. Although there are conflicting narratives regarding the origin of the nickname, Ohio is historically known as the "Buckeye State" (relating to the Ohio buckeye tree) and Ohioans are also known as "Buckeyes".
The government of Ohio is composed of the executive branch, led by the Governor; the legislative branch, which comprises the Ohio General Assembly; and the judicial branch, which is led by the Supreme Court. Currently, Ohio occupies 18 seats in the United States House of Representatives. Ohio is known for its status as both a swing state and a bellwether in national elections.
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Orontes River
The Orontes ([pronunciation?]; Ὀρόντης) or ‘Āṣī (Arabic: العاصي, Turkish: Asi) is a river of Lebanon, Syria and Turkey.
It was anciently the chief river of the Levant, also called Draco, Typhon and Axius. The last was a native form, from whose revival, or continuous employment in native speech, has preceded the modern name ‘Āṣī ("rebel"), because the river flows from the south to the north unlike the rest of the rivers in the region[citation needed].
The name Orontes is the Hellenized form of the Iranic (possibly Kurdish) term Harawanta/Harawand/Alwand, meaning "Of greatness, mighty".[citation needed] There are many other rivers and mountains by this same Iranic name in the general area of the Fertile Crescent. These include the Alwand River on Iran-Iraq borders, east of Baghdad, and Mount Alvand to the east of the same river. The name of the eponymous Armenian dynasty, the Orontids springs from the same lexical roots.
The Orontes rises in the great springs of Labweh on the east side of the Beqaa Valley, very near the fountains of the southward-flowing Litani, and it runs due north, parallel with the coast, falling 2000 feet (600 m) through a rocky gorge. Leaving this it expands into the Lake of Homs, having been dammed back in antiquity. The valley now widens out into the rich district of Hamah (Hamaih-Epiphaneia), below which lie the broad meadow-lands of Amykes, containing the sites of ancient Apamea and Larissa. This central Orontes valley ends at the rocky barrier of Jisr al-Hadid, where the river is diverted to the west, and the plain of Antioch opens.
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Palafrugell
Palafrugell (Catalan pronunciation: [pəɫəfruˈʒeʎ]) is a municipality in the Mediterranean Costa Brava, located near Palamós in the comarca of Baix Empordà, in the province of Girona, Catalonia, Spain. With 22,365 inhabitants it is the largest city of its comarca. Several coastal and interior towns (Llafranc, Calella de Palafrugell, Tamariu and Llofriu) belong to this city.
The combination of a good summer climate and beautiful beaches has been exploited for both domestic and international tourism. Tourists have come from a wide range of countries, especially the Netherlands, England, France, and more recently, America. It also serves as a summer holiday town for residents of cities such as Barcelona and Girona.
This medieval town was once fortified but is no longer. Many narrow streets emanate from Plaça Nova -a large square with bars, restaurants and boutiques. The local government (Ajuntament) sponsors activities such as concerts and dances including the traditional Sardana. St. Martí's church was built in the late 11th century and is close to Plaça Nova.
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Pariangan
Pariangan is a small Minangkabau village located in the regency of Tanah Datar, West Sumatra province, Indonesia. The village is located on the lower slopes of Mount Marapi, a highly active volcano, at a distance of fifteen kilometres from the market town of Batu Sangkar. Despite its size, the village is of great cultural and historical significance to the Minangkabau people.
Local legend states that Pariangan is the oldest of all Minangkabau villages. A large ancient tomb in the village is said to belong to Tantejo Gurhano, an early ruler. Today the whole village is preserved as a cultural monument under national legislation.
Pariangan is one of the best-preserved traditional Minangkabau villages, containing many 'rumah gadang' traditional houses. The oldest of these are said to be three hundred years old and feature beautiful wood-carving and walls woven from rattan. The town also features a 'surau', a communal living quarters for unmarried males, one of very few surviving examples of such a structure. The centrepiece of the town today is a large traditional mosque said to date back to the beginning of the nineteenth century. It is believed to be the oldest Minangkabau mosque in existence. Alongside the mosque today are the hot springs where communal bathing continues as it has for centuries.
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Philippines
The Philippinesi/ˈfɪlɨpiːnz/ FI-lə-peenz (Filipino: Pilipinas [ˌpɪlɪˈpinɐs]), officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (Filipino: Republika ng Pilipinas) is a sovereign country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam. The Sulu Sea to the southwest lies between the country and the island of Borneo, and to the south the Celebes Sea separates it from other islands of Indonesia. It is bounded on the east by the Philippine Sea. Its location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and its tropical climate make the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons but have also endowed the country with natural resources and made it one of the richest areas of biodiversity in the world. An archipelago comprising 7,107 islands, the Philippines is categorized broadly into three main geographical divisions: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Its capital city is Manila.
With an estimated population of about 98 million people, the Philippines is the 7th most populated Asian country and the 12th most populated country in the world. An additional 12.5 million Filipinos live overseas. Multiple ethnicities and cultures are found throughout the islands. In prehistoric times, Negritos were some of the archipelago's earliest inhabitants. They were followed by successive waves of Austronesian peoples who brought with them influences from Malay, Hindu, and Islamic societies. Trade introduced Chinese cultural influences which remain to this day.
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Rossington
Coordinates: 53°28′33″N 1°03′41″W / 53.47594°N 1.06130°W / 53.47594; -1.06130
Rossington is a civil parish and former mining village in the Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster in South Yorkshire, England and is surrounded by countryside and the market towns of Bawtry and Tickhill.
It has a population of 13,255.Robin Hood Airport Doncaster Sheffield is around two miles to the east. The village is demarcated to the north and west by a line of 400kV pylons, as seen from the M18, to the north. The Finningley and Rossington Relief Road Scheme is proposed to allow access to the airport.
To the north-west, the village borders Loversall, with the boundary following the River Torne, passing directly next to the western edge of the former Rossington Main Colliery. It briefly crosses the M18 at the point where the motorway crosses the East Coast Main Line. At this point it meets the Borough of Doncaster and follows Mother Drain, then the River Torne, north of Torne Valley Farm. It passes by a Roman fort and crosses the A638 at Rossington Bridge, north of Rossington Bridge Farm. At Wheatcroft Farm it meets Finningley. Nearby at the junction of the A638 and B6463, there is a park and ride car park. The boundary passes along the west of Hurst Plantation, and meets the A638, a former Roman road, at Warren House Farm. Following the A638 at Mount Pleasant Hotel, it meets Austerfield. In the south-east of the parish is the Northern Racing College (for horse racing), next to Rossington Hall School. At Bawtry Forest, it meets Bawtry. Crossing the B6463 at New England Cottages, it meets Tickhill. At Stancil Bridge, it meets the River Torne and Wadworth.
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Russia
Russiai/ˈrʌʃə/ or /ˈrʊʃə/ (Russian: Россия, tr. Rossiya; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijə] ( listen)), also officially known as the Russian Federation (Russian: Российская Федерация, tr. Rossiyskaya Federatsiya; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijskəjə fʲɪdʲɪˈratsɨjə] ( listen)), is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both via Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It also has maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk, and the US state of Alaska by the Bering Strait. At 17,075,400 square kilometres (6,592,800 sq mi), Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than one eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area. Russia is also the eighth most populous nation with 143 million people. It extends across the whole of northern Asia and 40% of Europe, spanning nine time zones and incorporating a wide range of environments and landforms. Russia has the world's largest reserves of mineral and energy resources and is the largest producer of oil and natural gas globally. Russia has the world's largest forest reserves and its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the world's fresh water.
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Russian Empire
The Russian Empire (Pre-reform Russian orthography: Россійская Имперія, Modern Russian: Российская Империя, translit: Rossiyskaya Imperiya) was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the short-lived Russian Republic, which was succeeded by the Soviet Union. It was one of the largest empires in world history, surpassed in landmass only by the British and Mongol empires: at one point in 1866, it stretched from eastern Europe across Asia and into North America.
At the beginning of the 19th century, the Russian Empire extended from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea on the south, from the Baltic Sea on the west to the Pacific Ocean and into North America on the east. With 125.6 million subjects registered by the 1897 census, it had the third largest population of the world at the time, after Qing China and the British Empire. Like all empires, it represented a large disparity in economic, ethnic and religious positions. Its government, ruled by the Emperor, was the last absolute monarchy in Europe at the time of its demise.
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Saifi Village
Coordinates: 33°53′39.46″N 35°30′29.57″E / 33.8942944°N 35.5082139°E / 33.8942944; 35.5082139
Saifi Village, commonly referred to as Le Quartier des Arts, is a residential upscale neighbourhood in Beirut, Lebanon. Saifi Village is located at the southeastern periphery of Centre Ville. The village is bordered by Rue Charles Debbas to the south, Rue George Haddad to the east, Rue Gouraud to the north, and Rue Ariss & Kanaani to the west.
The neighborhood was completely destroyed during the war in Lebanon. However, Solidere has rebuilt the neighbourhood and restored its historic, French-colonial buildings and winding cobblestones streets. The buildings are painted in various pastel colors. It was initially planned by French architect François Spoerry, and includes buildings by prominent Lebanese architects such as Nabil Gholam. Saifi Village is a perfect example of a New Urbanist-style neighbourhood with apartment buildings, town houses, and shops.
The neighbourhood is also known as Le Quartier des Arts due to its numerous art galleries, antique store, artisan shops, and speciality boutiques. Every Saturday morning, farmers sell their fresh organic produce and other products at Souk el Tayeb in a little square in the village.
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Salamanca
Salamanca is a city in western Spain, in the community of Castile and León. Because it is known for its beautiful buildings and urban environment, the Old City was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. It is the most important university city in Spain and supplies 16% of Spain's market for the teaching of the Spanish language. Salamanca attracts thousands of international students, generating a diverse, multicultural environment.
It is situated approximately 200 km (120 mi) west of Madrid and 80 km (50 mi) east of the Portuguese border. The University of Salamanca, which was founded in 1218, is the oldest university in Spain and the third oldest western university. With its 30,000 students, the university is, together with tourism, the economic engine of the city.
Salamanca is the capital of the province of Salamanca, which belongs to the autonomous community of Castile and León (Castilla y León). With a metropolitan population around 192,000 it is the second most populated urban area in Castile and León, after Valladolid (369,000), and closely followed by Leon (187,000) and Burgos (176,000).
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Sarawak
Sarawak (Jawi:سراوق) (Malay pronunciation: [saˈrawaʔ]) is one of two Malaysian states on the island of Borneo. Known as Bumi Kenyalang ("Land of the Hornbills"), Sarawak is situated on the north-west of the island. It is the largest state in Malaysia followed by Sabah, the second largest state located to the north-east.
The administrative capital is Kuching, which has a population of 658,562. Major cities and towns include Miri (pop. 269,380), Sibu (pop. 209,616) and Bintulu (pop. 189,695). As of the last census (2010), the state population was 2,420,009.
The eastern seaboard of Borneo was charted, though not settled, by the Portuguese in the early 16th century. The area of Sarawak was known to Portuguese cartographers as Cerava. During the 17th century, Sarawak was self-governed under Sultan Tengah. By the early 19th century, Sarawak had become a loosely governed territory under the control of the Brunei Sultanate. During the reign of Pangeran Indera Mahkota in 19th century, Sarawak was facing chaos. Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin II (1827–1852), the Sultan of Brunei, ordered Pangeran Muda Hashim in 1839 to restore order and it was during this time that James Brooke arrived in Sarawak. Pangeran Muda Hashim initially requested assistance in the matter, but Brooke refused. In 1841, Brooke paid another visit to Sarawak and this time he agreed to provide assistance. Pangeran Muda Hashim signed a treaty in 1841 surrendering Sarawak and Sinian to Brooke. On 24 September 1841, Pangeran Muda Hashim bestowed the title Governor to James Brooke. He effectively became the Rajah of Sarawak and founded the White Rajah Dynasty of Sarawak, later extending his administration through an agreement with the Sultan of Brunei. Sarawak was thus an independent kingdom from 1841 until 1888, when the state was placed under British protection.
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Scotland
Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Alba ([ˈalˠ̪apə] listen (help·info))) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the southwest. In addition to the mainland, Scotland constitutes over 790 islands including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides.
Edinburgh, the country's capital and second largest city, is one of Europe's largest financial centres. Edinburgh was the hub of the Scottish Enlightenment of the 18th century, which transformed Scotland into one of the commercial, intellectual and industrial powerhouses of Europe. Glasgow, Scotland's largest city, was once one of the world's leading industrial cities and now lies at the centre of the Greater Glasgow conurbation. Scottish waters consist of a large sector of the North Atlantic and the North Sea, containing the largest oil reserves in the European Union. This has given Aberdeen, the third largest city in Scotland, the title of Europe's oil capital.
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Serbia
Serbiai/ˈsɜrbiə/, officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian: Република Србија / Republika Srbija, pronounced [rɛpǔblika sř̩bija]), is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans. Serbia borders Hungary to the north; Romania and Bulgaria to the east; the Republic of Macedonia to the south; and Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro to the west; additionally, it borders Albania through Kosovo, whose status as part of Serbia is disputed. Serbia covers an area of 88,361 km2 and has a population of just over 7.1 million, while the capital and largest city is Belgrade.
The arrival of the Serbs to the Balkans in the 7th century, established several states, eventually forming the Serbian Empire in the 14th century. By the 16th century, Serbia was conquered and occupied by the Ottoman Empire, at times interrupted by the Habsburgs. In the early 19th century the Serbian revolution re-established the country as the region's first constitutional monarchy, which subsequently expanded its territory and pioneered the abolition of feudalism in the Balkans. The former Habsburg crownland of Vojvodina united with Serbia in 1918. Following World War I, Serbia formed Yugoslavia with other South Slavic peoples which existed in several forms up until 2006, when the National Assembly of Serbia declared independence and the legal succession to the former State Union. In February 2008 the parliament of UNMIK-governed Kosovo, Serbia's southern province, declared independence, with mixed responses from international governments.
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Singapore
Singapore (i/ˈsɪŋəpɔər/ SI-ngə-pohr), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a Southeast Asian city-state off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, 137 kilometres (85 mi) north of the equator. An island country made up of 63 islands, it is separated from Malaysia by the Straits of Johor to its north and from Indonesia's Riau Islands by the Singapore Strait to its south. Singapore is highly urbanised but almost half of the country is covered by greenery. More land is being created for development through land reclamation.
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Slovenia
Slovenia (i/sloʊˈviːniə/ sloh-VEE-nee-ə, Slovene: Slovenija), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Republika Slovenija, [reˈpublika sloˈveːnija]) is a Slavic nation state, situated in South-Central Europe, at the crossroad of main European cultural and trade routes. It borders Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Croatia to the south and southeast, and Hungary to the northeast. It covers 20,273 square kilometres (7,827 sq mi) and has a population of 2.05 million. It is a parliamentary republic, member of the European Union and NATO. Relative to its geography, history, economy, culture, and language, it is a very diverse country distinguished by a transitional character. It is characterised by a high economic and social level. Its capital and largest city is Ljubljana.
The territory of Slovenia is mainly hilly or mountainous and has an exceptionally high landscape and biological diversity and a mosaic structure, which are a result of natural attributes and the long-lasting presence of humans. Four major European geographic units interweave here: the Alps, the Dinaric Alps, the Mediterranean, with a small portion of coastline along the Adriatic Sea, and the Pannonian Plain. The climate is temperate and significantly influenced by the variety of territory, with a strong interaction of the continental climate, the sub-Mediterranean climate and Alpine climate across most of the country. The country is one of the water-richest in Europe, with a dense river network, a rich aquifer system, and significant karstic underground watercourses. Over half of the territory is covered by forest.
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South Wales
South Wales (Welsh: De Cymru) is an area of Wales bordered by England and the Bristol Channel to the east and south, and Mid Wales and West Wales to the north and west. The most densely populated region in the south-west of the United Kingdom, it is home to around 2.1 million people and includes the capital city of Cardiff (population approximately 324,800), as well as Swansea and Newport. The Brecon Beacons national park covers about a third of South Wales, containing Pen y Fan, the highest mountain south of Snowdonia.
The extent of South Wales is loosely defined, but it is generally considered to be the area surrounding the M4 motorway, including the historic counties of Glamorganshire and Monmouthshire and sometimes extending westwards to include south Carmarthenshire and south Pembrokeshire. In the western extent, from Swansea westwards, local people would probably recognise that they lived in both South Wales and in West Wales — there is considerable overlap in these somewhat artificial boundaries. The northern border is particularly ill-defined, but the A40 may be a good approximation whilst others consider the more southerly Heads of the Valleys Road as the boundary.
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South Yorkshire
South Yorkshire is a metropolitan county in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England. It has a population of 1.29 million. It consists of four metropolitan boroughs: Barnsley, Doncaster, Rotherham, and City of Sheffield. South Yorkshire was created on 1 April 1974 as a result of the Local Government Act 1972.
Lying on the east side of the Pennines, South Yorkshire is landlocked, and borders Derbyshire (to the south-west), West Yorkshire (to the northwest), North Yorkshire (to the north), the East Riding of Yorkshire (to the northeast), Lincolnshire (to the east) and Nottinghamshire (to the southeast). The Sheffield Urban Area is the ninth most populous conurbation in the UK, and dominates the western half of South Yorkshire with over half of the county's population living within it.
South Yorkshire County Council was abolished in 1986, and so its districts (the metropolitan boroughs) are now effectively unitary authority areas; however, the metropolitan county, which is some 1,552 square kilometres (599 sq mi), continues to exist in law and as a geographic frame of reference. As a ceremonial county, South Yorkshire has a Lord Lieutenant and a High Sheriff.
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Soviet Union
The Soviet Union (Russian: Советский Союз, tr. Sovetsky Soyuz), officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR; Russian: Сою́з Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Респу́блик, tr. Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik; IPA: [sɐˈjus sɐˈvʲetskʲɪx sətsɨəlʲɪˈstʲitɕɪskʲɪx rʲɪsˈpublʲɪk] ( listen); abbreviated СССР, SSSR), was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991.
The Soviet Union was a single-party state ruled by the Communist Party from its foundation until 1990. A union of 15 subnational Soviet republics, the Soviet state was structured under a highly centralized government and economy.
The Russian Revolution of 1917 caused the downfall of the Russian Empire. Following the Russian Revolution, there was a struggle for power between the Bolshevik party, led by Vladimir Lenin, and the anti-communist White movement. In December 1922, the Bolsheviks won the civil war, and the Soviet Union was formed with the merger of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic.
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Srinagar
Srinagar /sriˈnɑːɡər/ ( Hindi pronunciation (help·info)) is the summer capital of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. It is situated in the Kashmir Valley and lies on the banks of the Jhelum River, a tributary of the Indus. The city is famous for its gardens, lakes and houseboats. It is also known for traditional Kashmiri handicrafts and dry fruits.
Etymologically Srinagar is composed of two Sanskrit words, śrī (venerable) and nagar, which means "city". One theory of the origin of the name is that a Pandava King Ashoka (not to be confused with the Mauryan Emperor Ashoka) built the city of Srinagari (Srinagar). Another theory is that Mauryan Emperor Ashoka founded the original city of Srinagar, then situated on the site of the present village of Pandrathan, 5 km to the north of the existing capital.
Srinagar has a long history, dating back at least to the 3rd century BC, and has been known by different names. The city was founded by the King Pravarasena II over 2,000 years ago, named it Parvasenpur. The city was then a part of the Maurya Empire, one of the largest empires of the Indian subcontinent. Ashoka introduced Buddhism to the Kashmir valley, and the adjoining regions around the city became a centre of Buddhism. In the 1st century, the region was under the control of Kushans and several rulers of this dynasty strengthened the Buddhist tradition. Vikramaditya (of Ujjain) and his successors probably ruled the regions just before the city fell to the control of the Huns in the 6th century, and Mihirkula was the most dreaded ruler of the city and the valley.
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Swiss Alps
The Swiss Alps (German: Schweizer Alpen, French: Alpes suisses, Italian: Alpi svizzere, Romansh: Alps svizras) are the portion of the Alps mountain range that lies within Switzerland. Because of their central position within the entire Alpine range, they are also known as the Central Alps. The highest summit in the Swiss Alps is Monte Rosa (4,634 metres) near the Swiss-Italian border. The highest mountain which lies entirely on Swiss territory is the Dom (4,545 metres). Other main summits can be found in the list of mountains in Switzerland.
Since the Middle Ages, transit across the Alps played an important role in history. The region north of the St. Gotthard Pass became the nucleus of the Swiss Confederacy in the early 14th century.
The Alps cover 65% of Switzerland's surface area (41,285 km²), making it one of the most alpine countries. Despite the fact that Switzerland covers only 14% of the Alps total area (192,753 km²), many alpine four-thousanders (48 of 82) are located in the Swiss Alps and the remaining few are within 20 km of the country's border.
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Switzerland
Switzerland (German: die Schweiz[ˈʃvaɪts]; French: Suisse [sɥis(ə)]; Italian: Svizzera [ˈzvit͡sːɛra]; Romansh: Svizra [ˈʒviːtsrɐ] or [ˈʒviːtsʁːɐ]), in its full name the Swiss Confederation (Latin: Confoederatio Helvetica, hence its abbreviation CH), is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in western Europe, where it is bordered by Germany to the north, France to the west, Italy to the south, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east.
Switzerland is a landlocked country geographically divided between the Alps, the Swiss Plateau and the Jura, spanning an area of 41,285 km2 (15,940 sq mi). While the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, the Swiss population of approximately 8 million people is concentrated mostly on the Plateau, where the largest cities are to be found. Among them are the two global cities and economic centres of Zurich and Geneva.
The Swiss Confederation has a long history of armed neutrality—it has not been in a state of war internationally since 1815—and did not join the United Nations until 2002. It pursues, however, an active foreign policy and is frequently involved in peace-building processes around the world. Switzerland is also the birthplace of the Red Cross and home to a large number of international organizations, including the second largest UN office. On the European level, it is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association and is part of the Schengen Area – although it is notably not a member of the European Union, nor the European Economic Area.
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Syria
Syria (/ˈsɪriə/ ( listen) SIRR-ee-ə; Arabic: سورية Sūriyya or سوريا Sūryā; Syriac: ܣܘܪܝܐ; Kurdish: Sûrî), officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic: الجمهورية العربية السورية al-Jumhūriyyah al-‘Arabīyah as-Sūriyyah Arabic pronunciation (help·info)), is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest.
In English, the name Syria was formerly synonymous with the Levant, known in Arabic as Sham, while the modern state encompasses the sites of several ancient kingdoms and empires, including the Eblan civilization of the third millennium BC. In the Islamic era, its capital city, Damascus, the oldest continuously inhabited city in the world, was the seat of the Umayyad Caliphate, and a provincial capital of the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt.
The population of Syria is 74% Sunni, 12% Alawi, 10% Christian, and 3% Druze. Combined, 87% of the Syrian population is Muslim, while the other 10% is Christian, which includes mainly Arab Christians but also Assyrians and Armenians. Major ethnic minorities in Syria include Kurds (9%), Assyrians, Armenians, Turkmens and Circassians. The majority of the population is Arab (90%).
wn.com/Syria -
Taiwan
Taiwan (i/ˌtaɪˈwɑːn/ TY-WAHN; Chinese: 臺灣 or 台灣; pinyin: Táiwān; see below), officially the Republic of China (ROC; Chinese: 中華民國; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Mínguó), is a state in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China now governs the island of Taiwan (formerly known as Formosa), which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu, and other minor islands. Neighboring states include the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the east and northeast, and the Philippines to the south. Taipei is the capital city and economic and cultural centre of the country, and New Taipei is the most populous city.
The earliest evidence of inhabitation of Taiwan dates back to the late Paleolithic era. The island of Taiwan was mainly inhabited by Taiwanese aborigines before being colonized in the 17th century by the Dutch and the Spanish Empire. The first Han Chinese polity on Taiwan began when Koxinga's troops defeated Dutch forces and established the Kingdom of Tungning. The island was subsequently ruled by the Qing Dynasty after the kingdom's defeat in the Battle of Penghu in 1683, a period that lasted for over 200 years. Following Japan's victory over the Qing Dynasty in the first Sino-Japanese war, Taiwan was ceded to Japan under the Treaty of Shimonoseki in 1895.
wn.com/Taiwan -
Tartus
Tartus (Arabic: طرطوس / ALA-LC: Ṭarṭūs; also transliterated Tartous) is a city on the Mediterranean coast of Syria. Tartus is the second largest port city in Syria (after Latakia), and the largest city in Tartus Governorate. The population size is 115,769 (2004 census).
The city lies on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea bordered by the Alawite Mountains to the east. Arwad, the only inhabited island on the Syrian coast, is located a few kilometers off the shore of Tartus.
Tartus occupies most of a flat area, surrounded to the east by hills composed mainly of limestone and, in certain places around the town of Souda, basalt.
The climate is Mediterranean, with short winter months and a moderate temperature from April to October. The hills to the east of the city create an alternative environment and climate. Tartus is known for its mild weather and high precipitation. Humidity in the summer can reach 80%.
The History of Tartus goes back to the 2nd millennium BC when it was founded as a Phoenician colony of Aradus. The colony was known as Antaradus (from Greek "Anti-Arados → Antarados", Anti-Aradus, meaning "The town facing Arwad"). Not much remains of the Phoenician Antaradus, the mainland settlement that was linked to the more important and larger settlements of Aradus, off the shore of Tartus, and the nearby site of Amrit.
wn.com/Tartus -
Ukraine
Ukraine (i/juːˈkreɪn/ yew-KRAYN; Ukrainian: Україна, transliterated: Ukrayina, [ukrɑˈjinɑ]; Russian: Украина; Crimean Tatar: Ukraina) is a country in Central and Eastern Europe. Ukraine borders the Russian Federation to the east and northeast, Belarus to the northwest, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary to the west, Romania and Moldova to the southwest, and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after the Russian Federation.
According to a popular and well established theory, the medieval state of Kievan Rus was established by the Varangians in the 9th century as the first historically recorded East Slavic state which emerged as a powerful nation in the Middle Ages until it disintegrated in the 12th century. By the middle of the 14th century, Ukrainian territories were under the rule of three external powers—the Golden Horde, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Kingdom of Poland. After the Great Northern War (1700–1721) Ukraine was divided between a number of regional powers and, by the 19th century, the largest part of Ukraine was integrated into the Russian Empire with the rest under Austro-Hungarian control. A chaotic period of incessant warfare ensued, with several internationally recognized attempts at independence from 1917 to 1921, following World War I and the Russian Civil War. Ukraine emerged from its own civil war, and on December 30, 1922 Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic became one of the founding republics of the Soviet Union. The Ukrainian SSR's territory was enlarged westward during the civil war shortly before, and after World War II, and further south in 1954 with the Crimea transfer. In 1945, the Ukrainian SSR became one of the founding members of the United Nations.
wn.com/Ukraine -
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea.
The United Kingdom is a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system, with its seat of government in the capital city of London. It is a country in its own right and consists of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. There are three devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in Belfast, Edinburgh and Cardiff, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Associated with the UK, but not constitutionally part of it, are three Crown Dependencies. The United Kingdom has fourteen overseas territories. These are remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in 1922, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land surface and was the largest empire in history. British influence can still be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former territories.
wn.com/United_Kingdom -
Uspallata
Uspallata is a village, and an administrative district, in Argentina in a scenic location on the road which crosses the Andes between Mendoza and Santiago in Chile. It is located 100 km (62 mi) west of Mendoza and was once served by the now disused Transandine Railway which passed through the town on its way from Mendoza to Los Andes in Chile.
wn.com/Uspallata -
Vietnam
Vietnam (
listen), formally the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (Cộng hòa xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam; listen), is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. With an estimated 91.5 million inhabitants as of 2012, it is the world's 13th-most-populous country, and the eighth-most-populous Asian country. The name Vietnam translates as "South Viet", and was officially adopted in 1945. The country is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea to the east.
The Vietnamese became independent from Imperial China in 938 AD, following the Battle of Bạch Đằng River. Successive Vietnamese royal dynasties flourished as the nation expanded geographically and politically into Southeast Asia, until the Indochina Peninsula was colonized by the French in the mid-19th century. The First Indochina War eventually led to the expulsion of the French in 1954, leaving Vietnam divided politically into two states, North and South Vietnam. Conflict between the two sides intensified, with heavy foreign intervention, during the Vietnam War, which ended with a North Vietnamese victory in 1975.
wn.com/Vietnam -
Villa Traful
Villa Traful is a hamlet of the Argentine province of Neuquén located at the shore of the Traful Lake, at 720 meters above mean sea level. It is located inside the Nahuel Huapi National Park on the Road of the Seven lakes, 60 km from Villa La Angostura and 100 km from Bariloche, at 40°40′S 71°24′W / 40.667°S 71.4°W / -40.667; -71.4. The main access is Provincial Route 65. The town was founded in 1936 by the Argentine National Park Administration (DPN).
It's composed of about 80 houses, built in traditional Alpine-Andine architecture that combines wood with stone, and its population is over 400 inhabitants. The most important part of the economy is based on tourism, especially sport fishing, trekking, horseback riding and mountaineering. Since Villa Traful is inside a National Park, fishing and mountaineering are allowed only with authorisation. Tourism is concentrated generally in summer and spring, while in winter there are almost no tourist.
wn.com/Villa_Traful -
West Sumatra
West Sumatra (Indonesian: Sumatera Barat, abbreviated to Sumbar) is a province of Indonesia. It lies on the west coast of the island Sumatra. It borders the provinces of North Sumatra (Sumatera Utara) to the north, Riau and Jambi to the east, and Bengkulu to the southeast. It includes the Mentawai Islands off the coast. The capital of the province is Padang.
West Sumatra is one of the earthquake prone areas in Indonesia, due to its location in the tectonic slab located between the confluence of two major continental plates (the Eurasian plate and Indo-Australian plate) and Great Sumatran fault, plus the activity of the active volcanoes. Large earthquakes that occurred recently in West Sumatra earthquake is 2009 Sumatra earthquake and the October 2010 Sumatra earthquake.
The history of West Sumatra is related to the history of the Minangkabau people. Archaeological evidence indicates that the area surrounding the Limapuluh Koto regency forms the first area inhabited by the Minangkabau. Limapuluh Koto regency covers a number of large rivers which meet at the eastern part of the Sumatran coastline and provided sailing transportation until the end of the last century. The Minangkabau ancestors were believed to have arrived via this route. They sailed from Asia (Indo-China) via the South China Sea, crossing the Malacca Strait and later settled along the Kampar, Siak and Indragiri (or Kuantan) rivers. Some lived and developed their culture and traits around the Limapuluh Koto regency.
wn.com/West_Sumatra -
Wiltshire
Wiltshire ( /ˈwɪltʃər/ or /ˈwɪltʃɪər/, formerly /ˈwɪlʃər/; or the County of Wilts) is a ceremonial county in South West England. It is landlocked and borders the counties of Dorset, Somerset, Hampshire, Gloucestershire, Oxfordshire and Berkshire. It contains the unitary authority of Swindon and covers 3,485 km2 (1,346 square miles). The ancient county town was Wilton, but since 1930 Wiltshire County Council and its successor Wiltshire Council (from 2009) have been based at Trowbridge.
Wiltshire is characterised by its high downland and wide valleys. Salisbury Plain is famous as the location of the Stonehenge and Avebury stone circles and other ancient landmarks and as the main training area in the UK of the British Army. The city of Salisbury is notable for its mediaeval cathedral. Important country houses open to the public include Longleat, near Warminster, and the National Trust's Stourhead, near Mere.
The county, in the 9th century written as Wiltunscir, later Wiltonshire, is named after the former county town of Wilton, itself named after the river Wylye, one of eight rivers which drain the county.
wn.com/Wiltshire -
Wisconsin
Wisconsin (i/wɨsˈkɒnsɨn/) is a US state located in the north-central United States and is part of the Midwest and Great Lakes regions. It is bordered by Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake Michigan to the east, Michigan to the northeast, and Lake Superior to the north. Wisconsin is the 23rd most extensive and the 20th most populous of the 50 United States. Wisconsin's capital is Madison, and its largest city is Milwaukee. The state is divided into 72 counties.
The word Wisconsin originates from the name given to the Wisconsin River by one of the Algonquian speaking American Indian groups living in the region at the time of European contact. French explorer Jacques Marquette was the first European to reach the Wisconsin River and record its name, arriving in 1673 and calling the river Meskousing in his journal. This spelling was later corrupted to Ouisconsin by other French explorers, and over time this version became the French name for both the Wisconsin River and the surrounding lands. English speakers anglicized the spelling to its modern form when they began to arrive in greater numbers during the early 19th century. The current spelling was made official by the legislature of Wisconsin Territory in 1845.
wn.com/Wisconsin -
Zaponorye
Coordinates: 55°38.286′N 38°51.86′E / 55.6381°N 38.86433°E / 55.6381; 38.86433
Zaponorye (Russian: Запоно́рье) is a village in Orekhovo-Zuyevsky District of Moscow Oblast, Russia, located on the Ponor River (Nerskaya's tributary).
Municipally, the village is a part of Davydovsky Rural Settlement (the administrative center of which is the village of Davydovo). Population: 135 (1997 est.). Postal code: 142641.
The village is located in the historical area of Guslitsa.
Zaponorye was first mentioned in 1587. The village was a part of the land owned by Chudov Monastery in Moscow. At that time, the village was also known as Vlasyevskoye (Вла́сьевское).
According to the cadastres of 1623—1624, the wooden Pokrov Church of Our Lady was located in the village of Zaponorye/Vlasyevskoye. In 1678, the village was home to ten peasant homesteads, which comprised 36 people.
In the 19th century, Zaponorye had a status of a selo and served as a center of Zaponorskaya Volost of Bogoroditsky Uyezd of Moscow Governorate.
wn.com/Zaponorye
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Angles
The Angles is a modern English term for a Germanic people who took their name from the ancestral cultural region of Angeln, a district located in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. The Angles were one of the main groups that settled in Britain in the post-Roman period, founding several of the kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England, and their name is the root of the name "England".
The name of the Angles is first recorded in Latinized form, as Anglii, in the Germania of Tacitus. The name is usually derived from a toponym, Angeln, from a Germanic word *anguz meaning "narrow" (of an estuary) or "angular" (of the shape of the Jutland peninsula).
Gregory the Great in an epistle simplified the Latinized name Anglii to Angli, the latter form developing into the preferred form of the word. The country remained Anglia in Latin. King Alfred's (Alfred the Great) translation of Orosius' history of the world uses Angelcynn (-kin) to describe England and the English people; Bede used Angelfolc (-folk); there are also such forms as Engel, Englan (the people), Englaland, and Englisc, all showing i-mutation.
wn.com/Angles -
Berber people
Berbers (Berber: ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⴻⵏ Imazighen / Imaziɣen) are the indigenous ethnic group of North Africa west of the Nile Valley. They are continuously distributed from the Atlantic to the Siwa oasis, in Egypt, and from the Mediterranean to the Niger River. Historically they spoke the Berber language or varieties of it, which together form a branch of the Afro-Asiatic linguistic family. Today, varieties of Maghrebi colloquial Arabic are spoken by a large portion of Berbers besides the Berber language itself. Foreign languages like French are used by the educated in Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria. Spanish is also known by some Berbers in Morocco and in the annexed Western Sahara and Italian in Libya. This presence of European languages was due to Europe's occupation and colonization of the Berber world. Today, most Berber-speaking people live in Morocco and Algeria, smaller Berber-speaking populations are scattered throughout Tunisia, Libya, Mauritania, Mali and Niger, as well as various diasporas living in Europe.
wn.com/Berber_people -
Māori people
The Māori (Māori pronunciation: [ˈmaːɔɾi], English: /ˈmaʊəri/) are the indigenous Polynesian people of New Zealand. The Māori originated with settlers from eastern Polynesia, who arrived in New Zealand in several waves of canoe voyages at some time before 1300 CE. Over several centuries in isolation, the Polynesian settlers developed a unique culture that became known as the "Māori", with their own language, a rich mythology, distinctive crafts and performing arts. Early Māori formed tribal groups, based on eastern Polynesian social customs and organisation. Horticulture flourished using plants they introduced, and later a prominent warrior culture emerged.
The arrival of Europeans to New Zealand starting from the 17th century brought enormous change to the Māori way of life. Māori people gradually adopted many aspects of Western society and culture. Initial relations between Māori and Europeans were largely amicable, and with the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840 the two cultures coexisted as part of a new British colony. Rising tensions over disputed land sales led to conflict in the 1860s. Social upheaval, decades of conflict and epidemics of introduced disease took a devastating toll on the Māori population, which went into a dramatic decline. But by the start of the 20th century the Māori population had begun to recover, and efforts were made to increase their standing in wider New Zealand society. Traditional Māori culture has enjoyed a revival, and a protest movement emerged in the 1960s advocating Māori issues.
wn.com/Māori_people -
Ranchería
The Spanish word ranchería, or rancherío, refers to a small, rural settlement. In the Americas the term was applied to native villages and to the workers' quarters of a ranch. English adopted the term with both these meanings, usually to designate the residential area of a rancho in the American Southwest, housing aboriginal ranch hands and their families. The term is still used in other parts of Spanish America, for example, the Wayuu tribes in northern Colombia call their villages rancherías.
The Columbia Encyclopedia describes it as:
In California, the term refers to a total of 59 Indian settlements established by the U.S. Government, 54 of them between 1906 and 1934, for the survivors of the aboriginal population. San Diego State University maintains a reference titled California Indians and Their Reservations: An Online Dictionary. It says:
The word migrated north with the 49ers to the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush in an adapted form, "rancherie". It survives in British Columbia as a somewhat archaic but still commonly used word, in rural areas and small towns, as well as in general First Nations English usage, meaning the residential area of an Indian Reserve. It especially means the historical residential area, as opposed to newer subdivisions. It was further extended to refer to other non-white residential communities, such as the Kanaka Rancherie in early Vancouver, British Columbia, which came to house the city's Kanaka (Hawaiian) residents. In an even more truncated form, the Ranche was used to refer to the Tlingit portion of Sitka, Alaska.
wn.com/Ranchería -
Robert Conquest
George Robert Acworth Conquest CMG (born 15 July 1917) is an Anglo-American historian and poet best known for his influential works of Soviet history which include The Great Terror: Stalin’s Purges of the 1930s. He is currently a research fellow at Stanford University's Hoover Institution.
Robert Conquest was born in Great Malvern, Worcestershire, the son of an American of independent means and an English mother. His father served in an American Ambulance Service unit with the French Army in World War I, being awarded the Croix de Guerre with silver star in 1916. Conquest was educated at Winchester College, the University of Grenoble, and Magdalen College, Oxford, where he was an exhibitioner in modern history and took his bachelor's and master's degrees in Philosophy, Politics and Economics, and his doctorate in Soviet history.
In 1937, after studying at the University of Grenoble, Conquest went up to Oxford, joining both the Carlton Club and, as an 'open' member, the Communist Party of Great Britain. Fellow members included Denis Healey and Philip Toynbee.
wn.com/Robert_Conquest
The sky went black
On a cold morning
The rain washed our pain
Your lips were frozen
As they were made of ashes.
Remember all you said.
Watching you laugh and cry
With a fake smile (of the despairation)
You sit there all by yourself
By those gates of heaven and earth
In the search of the truth.
Do you remember the time?
that I've went for you
In the great forest
Spending days and nights
By the lake of the black water.
I'm falling inside ,Your beauty
taking a good look of it all
Is this the last time of being?
I cant forget the way you smiled to me
Your breath was cold
And now there all gone to a place unknown
While the stars shining in my eyes
I've went there all by myself
And almost died.
Did we cried about this time?
or Just was it a time to forgive?
I try forget the misery
And I'm falling even deeper
Into sadness.
What will
I feel
If you tell me
Leave me be
Dont you know?
So much pain!
I come from a long way
In a search of your heart
Won't you let me in?
Is this my sin?
What will I do
And where will I go now?
Illusions never stops
Where are you to come my way?
To be in my arms
To embrace you once again
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
ALPINE - Villages
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:00
- Updated: 03 Feb 2013
Taken from Alpine's debut album 'A Is For Alpine', out now on Ivy League Records. "A Is For Alpine" Out May 21st, 2013 in the USA. Pre-order the album at iTunes here: itunes.apple.com Directed by Yvette Paxinos www.facebook.com/alpineband www.alpineband.com
http://wn.com/ALPINE_Villages
Taken from Alpine's debut album 'A Is For Alpine', out now on Ivy League Records. "A Is For Alpine" Out May 21st, 2013 in the USA. Pre-order the album at iTunes here: itunes.apple.com Directed by Yvette Paxinos www.facebook.com/alpineband www.alpineband.com
YMCA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:01
- Updated: 02 Feb 2013
Original YMCA Music Video 1978
http://wn.com/YMCA
Minecraft - Zombies vs. NPC Villagers
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:32
- Updated: 04 Feb 2013
Secret Video Oo: www.youtube.com LIVESTREAM HERE: twitch.tv CLICK FOLLOW!! TWITTER: twitter.com FACEBOOK: tinyurl.com MY WEBSITE: www.rt8269.com In this video we see how NPC villagers act around Zombies.
http://wn.com/Minecraft_Zombies_vs_NPC_Villagers
Secret Video Oo: www.youtube.com LIVESTREAM HERE: twitch.tv CLICK FOLLOW!! TWITTER: twitter.com FACEBOOK: tinyurl.com MY WEBSITE: www.rt8269.com In this video we see how NPC villagers act around Zombies.
- published: 04 Mar 2012
- views: 7697292
- author: rt8269
LECK - ON SE CONNAIT AU VILLAGE | ALBUM "JE SUIS VOUS" DANS LES BACS |
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:36
- Updated: 02 Feb 2013
LECK - "JE SUIS VOUS" SUR ITUNES : bit.ly En concert à la Maroquinerie le 29/04/13 : bit.ly XPTDR toujours disponible sur iTunes : bit.ly Vêtements LECK/TRIUMPHAL disponibles ici : www.triumphalonline.com
http://wn.com/LECK_ON_SE_CONNAIT_AU_VILLAGE_|_ALBUM_JE_SUIS_VOUS_DANS_LES_BACS_|
LECK - "JE SUIS VOUS" SUR ITUNES : bit.ly En concert à la Maroquinerie le 29/04/13 : bit.ly XPTDR toujours disponible sur iTunes : bit.ly Vêtements LECK/TRIUMPHAL disponibles ici : www.triumphalonline.com
- published: 14 Jan 2013
- views: 318345
- author: LeckOfficiel
The Village People | Wonderful Pistachios Get Crackin' ad
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:19
- Updated: 02 Feb 2013
Sign up today to be an official USA Today Ad Meter panelist and vote Wonderful Pistachios as your favorite Big Game commercial. Deadline is Feb. 1, 2013. admeter.usatoday.com The Village People do it like macho men. Wonderful Pistachios. Get Crackin'. www.getcrackin.com http www.twitter.com plus.google.com pinterest.com
http://wn.com/The_Village_People_|_Wonderful_Pistachios_Get_Crackin'_ad
Sign up today to be an official USA Today Ad Meter panelist and vote Wonderful Pistachios as your favorite Big Game commercial. Deadline is Feb. 1, 2013. admeter.usatoday.com The Village People do it like macho men. Wonderful Pistachios. Get Crackin'. www.getcrackin.com http www.twitter.com plus.google.com pinterest.com
- published: 17 Sep 2012
- views: 98508
- author: wonderfulpistachios
Minecraft: Self Building Village
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:54
- Updated: 03 Feb 2013
Don't forget to like :3 Download ➜ hypixel.net This is my self building village, including a self building dirt house as requested :) If you have any more requests, leave a comment below! Facebook for upcoming maps! www.facebook.com Music Supplied by Monstercat Media: Artist Name: Rezonate Video Link: www.youtube.com Album Download Link: itunes.apple.com Work inspired by TwoAwesomeGamers Texture Pack: Sphax PureBDCraft 512x Shaders: OPTIFINE HD and Sonic Ether's Unbelievable Shaders with modified v08 configs Used Minema to record
http://wn.com/Minecraft_Self_Building_Village
Don't forget to like :3 Download ➜ hypixel.net This is my self building village, including a self building dirt house as requested :) If you have any more requests, leave a comment below! Facebook for upcoming maps! www.facebook.com Music Supplied by Monstercat Media: Artist Name: Rezonate Video Link: www.youtube.com Album Download Link: itunes.apple.com Work inspired by TwoAwesomeGamers Texture Pack: Sphax PureBDCraft 512x Shaders: OPTIFINE HD and Sonic Ether's Unbelievable Shaders with modified v08 configs Used Minema to record
- published: 21 Jun 2012
- views: 685564
- author: Hypixel
UFO BREAKING nEWS!! iNCREDIBLE UFO FOOTAGE 2013 REMOTE FISHING VILLAGE.UFO NEWS
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:43
- Updated: 03 Feb 2013
Please note this footage was taken with a really bad camera phone and zoom in, there for it was hard to record and keep the background into picture. behind hill there is water sea a pier and on the left some fishing bulding club. Ufo 2013.nasa.sheilaaliens
http://wn.com/UFO_BREAKING_nEWS!!_iNCREDIBLE_UFO_FOOTAGE_2013_REMOTE_FISHING_VILLAGEUFO_NEWS
Please note this footage was taken with a really bad camera phone and zoom in, there for it was hard to record and keep the background into picture. behind hill there is water sea a pier and on the left some fishing bulding club. Ufo 2013.nasa.sheilaaliens
- published: 14 Jan 2013
- views: 19895
- author: ofuhunter
MW3 Mirror Map #5 - Village
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:37
- Updated: 01 Jan 2013
Awesomesauce. Like the Facebook Page: www.facebook.com Follow me on the Twitter: twitter.com Check out my T-Shirt store: vikkstar123.spreadshirt.com Click this link to go to the CoDKarnage channel: www.youtube.com MW3 Random Weapons Gameplays www.youtube.com MW3: Live Gameplays www.youtube.com MW3: Team Throwing Knife www.youtube.com MW3: Throwing Knife Tutorials www.youtube.com MW3 Short & Sweet Clips www.youtube.com MW3 Gameplay www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/MW3_Mirror_Map_5_Village
Awesomesauce. Like the Facebook Page: www.facebook.com Follow me on the Twitter: twitter.com Check out my T-Shirt store: vikkstar123.spreadshirt.com Click this link to go to the CoDKarnage channel: www.youtube.com MW3 Random Weapons Gameplays www.youtube.com MW3: Live Gameplays www.youtube.com MW3: Team Throwing Knife www.youtube.com MW3: Throwing Knife Tutorials www.youtube.com MW3 Short & Sweet Clips www.youtube.com MW3 Gameplay www.youtube.com
- published: 26 Mar 2012
- views: 13511
- author: Vikkstar123
MW3 - How to get a MOAB on Village in Infected
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:29
- Updated: 03 Feb 2013
MW3 - How to get a MOAB on Village in Infected MW3 - How to get a MOAB on Village in Infected MW3 - How to get a MOAB on Village in Infected
http://wn.com/MW3_How_to_get_a_MOAB_on_Village_in_Infected
MW3 - How to get a MOAB on Village in Infected MW3 - How to get a MOAB on Village in Infected MW3 - How to get a MOAB on Village in Infected
- published: 18 Jul 2012
- views: 6471
- author: VindictiveGamingHQ
Minecraft: SUPER Seed - 5 Temples, 4 Villages, 3 Spawners, and More!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:36
- Updated: 03 Feb 2013
If you've enjoyed, leave a Like! :D Twitter: goo.gl Facebook: on.fb.me Subscribe for FREE: bit.ly Seed: -5414978732695760154 Forum Page: www.minecraftforum.net Pyramids: x:249 z:-380 y:70 x:287 z:283 y:81 x:348 z:208 y:80 x:777 z:298 y:77 Spawners: x:555 z:-531 y:66 x:558 z:-453 y:69 x:700 z:-336 y:67 Villages: x:-155 z:149 y:72 x:340 z:-521 y:68 x:652 z:129 y:71 x:612 z:520 y:81 Jungle Temple: x:10 z:-981 y:65 Stronghold: x:870 z:-280 y:31 Server: play.mc-universe.com Credit music: aaronmusslewhite.newgrounds.com
http://wn.com/Minecraft_SUPER_Seed_5_Temples,_4_Villages,_3_Spawners,_and_More!
If you've enjoyed, leave a Like! :D Twitter: goo.gl Facebook: on.fb.me Subscribe for FREE: bit.ly Seed: -5414978732695760154 Forum Page: www.minecraftforum.net Pyramids: x:249 z:-380 y:70 x:287 z:283 y:81 x:348 z:208 y:80 x:777 z:298 y:77 Spawners: x:555 z:-531 y:66 x:558 z:-453 y:69 x:700 z:-336 y:67 Villages: x:-155 z:149 y:72 x:340 z:-521 y:68 x:652 z:129 y:71 x:612 z:520 y:81 Jungle Temple: x:10 z:-981 y:65 Stronghold: x:870 z:-280 y:31 Server: play.mc-universe.com Credit music: aaronmusslewhite.newgrounds.com
- published: 09 Aug 2012
- views: 522792
- author: MinecraftUniverse
The Minecraft Files - #129 TQF: Village Lights (HD)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 19:55
- Updated: 02 Feb 2013
Let's get this TQF to 5000 LIKES!!! Special thanks to Shully56 for sending in this user request! ClashJTM: www.youtube.com Narniacraft Ep. 18 - Legolas Tower: bit.ly THE RISE OF ENDERSWIFT EP. 4 - "THE WITCH" bit.ly (2nd Channel) CHIMNEYVLOGS - www.youtube.com HOW TO STALK A RUNNER: bit.ly "HOW TO" SHOW PAGE: www.youtube.com FACEBOOK: on.fb.me If you enjoyed this video please take a sec to leave a LIKE on this video! Let's show YouTube how amazing the Swifters are!!! Show Page: bit.ly World Download: www.mediafire.com Minecraft Files Intro Song: www.youtube.com _______________ Twitter: bit.ly Facebook: on.fb.me Q&A;: www.youtube.com My Other Channels ChimneyVlogs - www.youtube.com CS11Gaming - www.youtube.com CS11Scrolls - www.youtube.com Intro Music: www.youtube.com Outro Music: www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/The_Minecraft_Files_129_TQF_Village_Lights_HD
Let's get this TQF to 5000 LIKES!!! Special thanks to Shully56 for sending in this user request! ClashJTM: www.youtube.com Narniacraft Ep. 18 - Legolas Tower: bit.ly THE RISE OF ENDERSWIFT EP. 4 - "THE WITCH" bit.ly (2nd Channel) CHIMNEYVLOGS - www.youtube.com HOW TO STALK A RUNNER: bit.ly "HOW TO" SHOW PAGE: www.youtube.com FACEBOOK: on.fb.me If you enjoyed this video please take a sec to leave a LIKE on this video! Let's show YouTube how amazing the Swifters are!!! Show Page: bit.ly World Download: www.mediafire.com Minecraft Files Intro Song: www.youtube.com _______________ Twitter: bit.ly Facebook: on.fb.me Q&A;: www.youtube.com My Other Channels ChimneyVlogs - www.youtube.com CS11Gaming - www.youtube.com CS11Scrolls - www.youtube.com Intro Music: www.youtube.com Outro Music: www.youtube.com
- published: 15 Oct 2011
- views: 72256
- author: ChimneySwift11
0...035 antiVirus - Village
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:03
- Updated: 03 Feb 2013
Subscribe To Our Videos, Like Our Facebook Page www.facebook.com
http://wn.com/0035_antiVirus_Village
Subscribe To Our Videos, Like Our Facebook Page www.facebook.com
- published: 13 Jan 2013
- views: 13992
- author: ArmAntivirus
COTV - Skylanders Giants Wilikin Village Find All Collectibles - Chapter 7
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:00
- Updated: 02 Feb 2013
Visit www.coin-op.tv for more video game interviews and reviews! Skylanders Giants Wilikin Village Find All Collectibles - Chapter 7 played on the Xbox 360 by Robert Welkner YouTube www.youtube.com Website: www.coin-op.tv Twitter www.twitter.com Twitter: www.twitter.com Facebook: www.facebook.com Skylanders Giants Time of the Giants Find All Collectibles - Chapter 1 www.youtube.com Skylanders Giants Junkyard Isles Find All Collectibles - Chapter 2 www.youtube.com Skylanders Giants Rumbletown Find All Collectibles - Chapter 3 www.youtube.com Skylanders Giants Cutthroat Carnival Find All Collectibles - Chapter 4 www.youtube.com Skylanders Giants Glacier Gully Find All Collectibles - Chapter 5 www.youtube.com Skylanders Giants Secret Vault of Secrets Find All Collectibles - Chapter 6 www.youtube.com Skylanders Giants Troll Home Security Find All Collectibles - Chapter 8 www.youtube.com SKILLS: How to play Skylanders Giants How to find items in Skylanders Giants How to solve Skylanders Giants How to beat Skylanders Giants How to find items in Skylanders Giants How to level up in Skylanders Giants How to complete Wilikin Village How to beat Wilikin Village How to find Winged Sapphire in Skylanders Giants How to find Treasure Chests in Skylanders Giants How to find Toy Soldier Hat in Skylanders Giants How to find Fishing Hat in Skylanders Giants How to find Lucky Wheel of Wealth How to find Sky Pirates Story Scroll How to find Eagle Engine Legendary Treasure How to find Pop ...
http://wn.com/COTV_Skylanders_Giants_Wilikin_Village_Find_All_Collectibles_Chapter_7
Visit www.coin-op.tv for more video game interviews and reviews! Skylanders Giants Wilikin Village Find All Collectibles - Chapter 7 played on the Xbox 360 by Robert Welkner YouTube www.youtube.com Website: www.coin-op.tv Twitter www.twitter.com Twitter: www.twitter.com Facebook: www.facebook.com Skylanders Giants Time of the Giants Find All Collectibles - Chapter 1 www.youtube.com Skylanders Giants Junkyard Isles Find All Collectibles - Chapter 2 www.youtube.com Skylanders Giants Rumbletown Find All Collectibles - Chapter 3 www.youtube.com Skylanders Giants Cutthroat Carnival Find All Collectibles - Chapter 4 www.youtube.com Skylanders Giants Glacier Gully Find All Collectibles - Chapter 5 www.youtube.com Skylanders Giants Secret Vault of Secrets Find All Collectibles - Chapter 6 www.youtube.com Skylanders Giants Troll Home Security Find All Collectibles - Chapter 8 www.youtube.com SKILLS: How to play Skylanders Giants How to find items in Skylanders Giants How to solve Skylanders Giants How to beat Skylanders Giants How to find items in Skylanders Giants How to level up in Skylanders Giants How to complete Wilikin Village How to beat Wilikin Village How to find Winged Sapphire in Skylanders Giants How to find Treasure Chests in Skylanders Giants How to find Toy Soldier Hat in Skylanders Giants How to find Fishing Hat in Skylanders Giants How to find Lucky Wheel of Wealth How to find Sky Pirates Story Scroll How to find Eagle Engine Legendary Treasure How to find Pop ...
- published: 09 Nov 2012
- views: 13596
- author: coinoptv
Open for Business - Village Restaurant in Mogadishu, Somalia | #Somali Voices
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:24
- Updated: 10 Jan 2013
#SomaliArchive | SUBSCRIBE for Daily High-Definition Videos from Somalia Hosted by www.keydmedia.net - After 21 years of civil war, Mogadishu's economy is reviving. This is a story of the owner of the Village Restaurant in Mogadishu, Somalia. Mogadishu, the capital city of Somalia, has for nearly 20 years been a battlefield, a focus for civil war and political, tribal and social conflicts. www.keydmedia.net www.facebook.com // www.youtube.com // www.twitter.com Copyright © 2012 Hear Somali Voices. All rights reserved
http://wn.com/Open_for_Business_Village_Restaurant_in_Mogadishu,_Somalia_|_Somali_Voices
#SomaliArchive | SUBSCRIBE for Daily High-Definition Videos from Somalia Hosted by www.keydmedia.net - After 21 years of civil war, Mogadishu's economy is reviving. This is a story of the owner of the Village Restaurant in Mogadishu, Somalia. Mogadishu, the capital city of Somalia, has for nearly 20 years been a battlefield, a focus for civil war and political, tribal and social conflicts. www.keydmedia.net www.facebook.com // www.youtube.com // www.twitter.com Copyright © 2012 Hear Somali Voices. All rights reserved
- published: 06 Dec 2012
- views: 12133
- author: SomaliArchive
Minecraft: Mob Village Spawning Glitch!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:55
- Updated: 03 Feb 2013
Ratings are Appreciated! Map Download: bit.ly (Be sure to rename the file in the "Players" folder to your name, or it won't work) Secondary Channel: youtube.com Twitter: twitter.com Facebook: tinyurl.com Twitch.TV: twitch.tv The music comes from the in-game Minecraft soundtrack. If you would like to listen without having Minecraft playing, you can download it here: c418.bandcamp.com
http://wn.com/Minecraft_Mob_Village_Spawning_Glitch!
Ratings are Appreciated! Map Download: bit.ly (Be sure to rename the file in the "Players" folder to your name, or it won't work) Secondary Channel: youtube.com Twitter: twitter.com Facebook: tinyurl.com Twitch.TV: twitch.tv The music comes from the in-game Minecraft soundtrack. If you would like to listen without having Minecraft playing, you can download it here: c418.bandcamp.com
- published: 16 Dec 2011
- views: 649657
- author: AntVenom
Minecraft - Adventures - 002 - Raiding The Village People With Chibigoat
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:44
- Updated: 01 Feb 2013
Thanks for watching guys, feel free to subscribe! Director's Channel: www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Minecraft_Adventures_002_Raiding_The_Village_People_With_Chibigoat
Thanks for watching guys, feel free to subscribe! Director's Channel: www.youtube.com
- published: 10 Jun 2012
- views: 3338
- author: TheModernGamesStudio
Halo 4 Custom Maps "Flood Village" Ep. 3 Monday Maps
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:17
- Updated: 04 Feb 2013
Flood Village was built for a classic survival, inspired by an old map. ► What are your thoughts on Flood Village? Click here to Subscribe! - goo.gl - Submit your own Map! - halofollower.com See Halo 5 - www.youtube.com Check out the Website - www.halofollower.com Play with Chris! - halofollower.com Network Official Twitter - bit.ly The Facebook - on.fb.me Twitch: www.twitch.tv Map Intel Name - "Flood Village" File Share of - "iHaloFollower" Gametype - "Disease" How to Download Maps/Gametypes on Xbox 1. Press Start on Halo 4 Main Menu 2. Go to infinity 3. Press start 4. Go right 3 times, to File Browser 5. Click A 6. Go to your destination of type (eg. Map Variants, Game Types) 7. Go down to File Share Search, Click A 8. Enter in the gamertag you want 9. Search 10. Download designated download Submit your own creation! - halofollower.com Click here to Subscribe! - goo.gl Source Music - Dinosaur Soundtrack
http://wn.com/Halo_4_Custom_Maps_Flood_Village_Ep_3_Monday_Maps
Flood Village was built for a classic survival, inspired by an old map. ► What are your thoughts on Flood Village? Click here to Subscribe! - goo.gl - Submit your own Map! - halofollower.com See Halo 5 - www.youtube.com Check out the Website - www.halofollower.com Play with Chris! - halofollower.com Network Official Twitter - bit.ly The Facebook - on.fb.me Twitch: www.twitch.tv Map Intel Name - "Flood Village" File Share of - "iHaloFollower" Gametype - "Disease" How to Download Maps/Gametypes on Xbox 1. Press Start on Halo 4 Main Menu 2. Go to infinity 3. Press start 4. Go right 3 times, to File Browser 5. Click A 6. Go to your destination of type (eg. Map Variants, Game Types) 7. Go down to File Share Search, Click A 8. Enter in the gamertag you want 9. Search 10. Download designated download Submit your own creation! - halofollower.com Click here to Subscribe! - goo.gl Source Music - Dinosaur Soundtrack
- published: 07 Jan 2013
- views: 19608
- author: Halo4Follower
Minecraft House Tutorial: Village House ( Feed The Beast & Vanilla Minecraft )
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:34
- Updated: 03 Feb 2013
Minecraft House Tutorial: Village House ( Feed The Beast & Vanilla Minecraft ) Since I started to play Feed The Beast, I thought I would send out the first quick simple house that I have made there for my villagers. This house can be made in Vanlilla Minecraft aswell using different type of blocks. I hope you do enjoy and hug the like button if you do! Diamonds & Love! House in the default texture pack can be seen at the end of the video. ● Twitter: bit.ly ● Facebook: on.fb.me ● Website: www.keralis.net Texture pack Sphax 64 & Minecraft Default -------- Music & Vocals ------- Intro Music was made by Heffay. www.youtube.com www.heffay.com http Vocals are from: beatsroyaltyfree.com Outro Music Vud Vuzela - Zombie www.youtube.com www.facebook.com www.soundcloud.com Diamonds, diamonds and a cookie for ya!
http://wn.com/Minecraft_House_Tutorial_Village_House_Feed_The_Beast_Vanilla_Minecraft_
Minecraft House Tutorial: Village House ( Feed The Beast & Vanilla Minecraft ) Since I started to play Feed The Beast, I thought I would send out the first quick simple house that I have made there for my villagers. This house can be made in Vanlilla Minecraft aswell using different type of blocks. I hope you do enjoy and hug the like button if you do! Diamonds & Love! House in the default texture pack can be seen at the end of the video. ● Twitter: bit.ly ● Facebook: on.fb.me ● Website: www.keralis.net Texture pack Sphax 64 & Minecraft Default -------- Music & Vocals ------- Intro Music was made by Heffay. www.youtube.com www.heffay.com http Vocals are from: beatsroyaltyfree.com Outro Music Vud Vuzela - Zombie www.youtube.com www.facebook.com www.soundcloud.com Diamonds, diamonds and a cookie for ya!
- published: 14 Jan 2013
- views: 38715
- author: Keralis
Meatycraft - v3 |my village home | 80
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 22:50
- Updated: 31 Jan 2013
Scuf Controller: scufgaming.com Coupon Code "MEATY" (caps) 5% off Thank You for watching, look around my channel for a good variety of games. Enjoy! Ratings and comments are greatly appreciated meatwagon22 Meatius Meaty Chris x https www.facebook.com Live Stream: www.twitch.tv Crazy fun Co-Op Channel www.youtube.com Games I play past present and future: Call of Duty world at war zombies custom zombies Call of Duty black ops call of duty Black ops 2 Black ops 2 domination Black ops 2 search and destroy call of duty modern warfare 3 mw3 minecraft meatycraft survivorcraft Dumb and Dumber minecraft Gladiator minecraft Borderlands Borderlands 2 co-op mp campaign far cry 2 far cry 3 co-op campaign "call of duty" "black ops 2" " Black ops 2 zombies" "Borderlands 2" "far cry 3"
http://wn.com/Meatycraft_v3_|my_village_home_|_80
Scuf Controller: scufgaming.com Coupon Code "MEATY" (caps) 5% off Thank You for watching, look around my channel for a good variety of games. Enjoy! Ratings and comments are greatly appreciated meatwagon22 Meatius Meaty Chris x https www.facebook.com Live Stream: www.twitch.tv Crazy fun Co-Op Channel www.youtube.com Games I play past present and future: Call of Duty world at war zombies custom zombies Call of Duty black ops call of duty Black ops 2 Black ops 2 domination Black ops 2 search and destroy call of duty modern warfare 3 mw3 minecraft meatycraft survivorcraft Dumb and Dumber minecraft Gladiator minecraft Borderlands Borderlands 2 co-op mp campaign far cry 2 far cry 3 co-op campaign "call of duty" "black ops 2" " Black ops 2 zombies" "Borderlands 2" "far cry 3"
- published: 06 Nov 2012
- views: 12082
- author: meatwagon22
Village (Kennerspiel des Jahres 2012)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:07
- Updated: 23 Jan 2013
SPIELKULT.de-Erklärvideo zum Brettspiel "Village" (eggertspiele / Pegasus Spiele, 2011) Testbericht: www.spielkult.de
http://wn.com/Village_Kennerspiel_des_Jahres_2012
SPIELKULT.de-Erklärvideo zum Brettspiel "Village" (eggertspiele / Pegasus Spiele, 2011) Testbericht: www.spielkult.de
- published: 10 Apr 2012
- views: 34337
- author: SPIELKULTde
![Minecraft We Build - #91 Village FINAL Part 4 [LIVESTREAM]](http://web.archive.org./web/20130301034707im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/cXufHZ0-ieU/default.jpg "Minecraft We Build - #91 Village FINAL Part 4 [LIVESTREAM]")
Minecraft We Build - #91 Village FINAL Part 4 [LIVESTREAM]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 47:01
- Updated: 02 Feb 2013
GIVING AWAY 8 COPIES OF DOTA 2 HERE twitter.com Welcome to the first ever Minecraft We Build Live Stream! Can we get 200+ Likes?!?! ——————————————— ↓↓ INTERACT ↓↓ ——————————————— FACEBOOK ➜ on.fb.me TWITTER ➜ bit.ly GOOGLE+ ➜ bit.ly Donate Here ➜ bit.ly ** Quality Server Hosting for a Great Price ** nitrous-networks.co.uk ——————————————— ↓↓ WATCH ↓↓ ——————————————— Need for Speed MW ➜ bit.ly Football Manager ➜ bit.ly Video Game Review ➜ bit.ly Minecraft We Build! ➜ bit.ly If you haven't done so already please click the Like button and leave a comment, it helps my videos reach a wider audience and therefore grows my channel, Thank you!
http://wn.com/Minecraft_We_Build_91_Village_FINAL_Part_4_LIVESTREAM_
GIVING AWAY 8 COPIES OF DOTA 2 HERE twitter.com Welcome to the first ever Minecraft We Build Live Stream! Can we get 200+ Likes?!?! ——————————————— ↓↓ INTERACT ↓↓ ——————————————— FACEBOOK ➜ on.fb.me TWITTER ➜ bit.ly GOOGLE+ ➜ bit.ly Donate Here ➜ bit.ly ** Quality Server Hosting for a Great Price ** nitrous-networks.co.uk ——————————————— ↓↓ WATCH ↓↓ ——————————————— Need for Speed MW ➜ bit.ly Football Manager ➜ bit.ly Video Game Review ➜ bit.ly Minecraft We Build! ➜ bit.ly If you haven't done so already please click the Like button and leave a comment, it helps my videos reach a wider audience and therefore grows my channel, Thank you!
- published: 13 Jan 2013
- views: 3077
- author: TechLetsPlays
Mindcrack: Feed The Beast E14: Golem Village
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 35:37
- Updated: 04 Feb 2013
Creating a village for the golems! Facebook: www.facebook.com Twitter: www.twitter.com Also check out the mindcrack sub-reddit: www.reddit.com Thanks for watching.
http://wn.com/Mindcrack_Feed_The_Beast_E14_Golem_Village
Creating a village for the golems! Facebook: www.facebook.com Twitter: www.twitter.com Also check out the mindcrack sub-reddit: www.reddit.com Thanks for watching.
- published: 15 Jan 2013
- views: 23191
- author: Pyropuncher
Minecraft Cast Away - #25 - Defending the Villagers
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:29
- Updated: 25 Jan 2013
Welcome to Minecraft 1.2 in Minecraft Cast Away! The world seed "292202" (the official distance traveled in my Far Lands or Bust world) spawns you in the middle of an ocean without a single tree. Today, we attempt (emphasis on 'attempt') to defend the villagers from the onslaught of zombie invaders added to Minecraft 1.2! I've decided on a few rules for Cast Away to keep things interesting: 1) Play on HARD difficulty setting! 2) No setting new spawn points! I can sleep, but have to break the bed immediately after. This way, if I die, I am sent all the way back to the original spawn point on the deserted island. Thanks for watching! Like, favorite, subscribe and let me know what you think in the comments! Get Minecraft: www.minecraft.net
http://wn.com/Minecraft_Cast_Away_25_Defending_the_Villagers
Welcome to Minecraft 1.2 in Minecraft Cast Away! The world seed "292202" (the official distance traveled in my Far Lands or Bust world) spawns you in the middle of an ocean without a single tree. Today, we attempt (emphasis on 'attempt') to defend the villagers from the onslaught of zombie invaders added to Minecraft 1.2! I've decided on a few rules for Cast Away to keep things interesting: 1) Play on HARD difficulty setting! 2) No setting new spawn points! I can sleep, but have to break the bed immediately after. This way, if I die, I am sent all the way back to the original spawn point on the deserted island. Thanks for watching! Like, favorite, subscribe and let me know what you think in the comments! Get Minecraft: www.minecraft.net
- published: 07 Mar 2012
- views: 16214
- author: kurtjmac
photo: AP / Ibrahim Zayed
26 Feb 2013
Updated. February 26, 2013 8.35AM ... The casualties included French, British, Belgian, Hungarian, Japanese nationals and nine tourists from Hong Kong, Luxor Governor Ezzat Saad told reporters ... The balloon then shot up in the air, the investigator said ... It crashed in a sugar cane field outside al-Dhabaa village just west of Luxor, 510 kilometers (320 miles) south of Cairo, the official said ... Luxor has seen crashes in the past ... ....(size: 6.2Kb)
photo: Russian Presidential Press and Information Office
27 Feb 2013
Russian President Vladimir Putin told the country's top brass on Wednesday to drastically upgrade the armed forces in the next few years as part of response to attempts by the United States and NATO to "tip the strategic balance" in the world. In his address to Russia's defense ministry and top military officials, Putin said Russia is witnessing "insistent attempts" to change that balance and complained about U.S ... ....(size: 2.3Kb)
photo: AP / Michael Sohn
28 Feb 2013
Pope Benedict pledged his "unconditional reverence and obedience" to his successor Thursday, then left the Vatican as the first Roman Catholic Church leader to resign in 600 years. Benedict flew from the Vatican by helicopter to the papal residence of Castel Gandolfo near Rome, several hours before his eight-year papacy was to end officially at 8 p.m., local time (1900 UTC) ... Peter's Square after he left ... ....(size: 2.5Kb)
photo: USAF / Tech. Sgt. Effrain Lopez
26 Feb 2013
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. During the 19th and early 20th centuries developments in technology vastly transformed warfare. The age of machine guns, steam-powered battle ships, and tanks replaced the era of flintlock muskets, sailing wooden ships, and cannonballs. But these new and more lethal innovations also altered humanity and political systems ... World War I and II ... They will subversively disrupt entire societies....(size: 4.8Kb)
photo: AP / Mary Altaffer
26 Feb 2013
Jesus Diaz - . Scientists have found proof of a sunken continent in the Indian Ocean. According to a study published in Nature Geoscience, the continent “was separated from Madagascar and fragmented into a ribbon-like configuration by a series of mid-ocean ridge jumps during the opening of the Mascarene ocean basin.”. Its name is not Atlantis, though ... [Nature Geoscience via BBC News]. Image by Shutterstock ... Related Posts ... ....(size: 3.6Kb)
Buffalo News
01 Mar 2013
For decades, Williamsville village residents have paid a much higher water bill than all their neighbors. And for decades, village leaders have debated the worth of shutting down the village’s Water Department and getting the Erie County Water Authority to take over the old and leaky system ... “The village is done chasing leaks underground,” Kulpa said....(size: 4.3Kb)
Chicago Tribune
01 Mar 2013
26 Village Board meeting. The village's lack of a unified address system has created problems with mail delivery and emergency response services, according to a meeting agenda supplement. The Will County Land Use Department previously assigned and maintained addresses in Homer Glen while the village unofficially maintained a database for new address assignments, according to the supplement....(size: 2.8Kb)
Newsday
01 Mar 2013
The Brightwaters mayor is contesting a recently released state audit that alleges village trustees have operated on an average $192,000 budget deficit for each of the past three fiscal years because they have consistently underestimated spending and overestimated revenues ... McNulty denied several of the audit's key findings, saying the village has a surplus ... The village is not run in a professional manner....(size: 3.8Kb)
Newsday
01 Mar 2013
Amityville trustees and the union for the village police force announced an agreement this week that amends the current contract and sets a separate pay scale for new hires. Village officials said the agreement, which also for the first time requires new officers to pay a portion of health care costs, could save Amityville more than $1 million over the length of the agreement, through 2018....(size: 3.8Kb)
Ohio
01 Mar 2013
Mayor Doug Mayer said Stow Judge Kim Hoover made a convincing argument to village officials last week ... But Hoover said the village could probably have made $25,000 in profit from those same cases ... In the past two years, 17 cases out of Peninsula handled by the Stow court netted $2,000 for the village ... “I’m here to manage the village’s money and to be a good steward,” Mayer said....(size: 3.6Kb)
Newsday
01 Mar 2013
Old must deliver to Muttontown the police financial records and analyses it kept from the final years the villages were partnered in the department, a state Supreme Court judge ruled. Muttontown broke with what is now the six-village Old Police Department in May 2011 and formed its own force ... Muttontown may file for a dismissal or submit a counterclaim, village attorney Steven Leventhal said....(size: 4.1Kb)
Reuters
01 Mar 2013
ANCHORAGE, Alaska Feb 28 (Reuters) - Residents of an Inupiat Eskimo village on Alaska's North Slope have sued the U.S ... The plaintiffs are seven residents of Nuiqsut, a village of 428 people located 9 miles southeast of the CD-5 prospect ... But the Nuiqsut villagers argue that the Corps should have stuck with its original decision....(size: 3.6Kb)
Scoop
01 Mar 2013
A Wellington architecture firm is a finalist in an international competition to design a new urban village in Central Christchurch ... Judges praised the scheme for offering a true village feel that is well connected to its surroundings....(size: 1.6Kb)
Star Tribune
01 Mar 2013
MANILA, Philippines - A Filipino clan leader who occupied a Malaysian village with nearly 200 followers says Malaysian police have opened fire in a bid to ......(size: 0.8Kb)
Seattle Post
01 Mar 2013
MANILA, Philippines (AP) — A Filipino clan leader who occupied a Malaysian village with nearly 200 followers says Malaysian police have opened fire in a bid to ......(size: 0.8Kb)
The Wichita Eagle
01 Mar 2013
MANILA, Philippines — A Filipino clan leader who occupied a Malaysian village with nearly 200 followers says Malaysian police have opened fire in a bid ......(size: 0.8Kb)
Yahoo Daily News
01 Mar 2013
Its design revolves around the concept of an indoor village, where people would naturally meet when going about their day to day activities. So inside the new home there is a coffee shop, a hair and beauty salon, a village shop and even a cinema, all on the ground floor. Naturally we are pleased to say that the ‘village’ design concept won Best ......(size: 1.9Kb)
Sun Sentinel
01 Mar 2013
Century Village residents opposed to the building plans for more than a year had been trying to stop the spread of development onto the neighboring golf course. Yet on Thursday, the Century Village residents – who filled the County Commission chambers and spilled out into at least two overflow seating areas on two different floors – weren’t allowed to speak at the public meeting....(size: 4.0Kb)
For other uses, see Village (disambiguation).
File:Kasipur2.jpg
Bangladeshi Village
A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet with the population ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand (sometimes tens of thousands), Though often located in rural areas, the term urban village is also applied to certain urban neighbourhoods, such as the East Village in Manhattan, New York City and the Saifi Village in Beirut, Lebanon, as well as Hampstead Village in the London conurbation. Villages are normally permanent, with fixed dwellings; however, transient villages can occur. Further, the dwellings of a village are fairly close to one another, not scattered broadly over the landscape, as a dispersed settlement.
In the past, villages were a usual form of community for societies that practise subsistence agriculture, and also for some non-agricultural societies. In Great Britain, a hamlet earned the right to be called a village when it built a church.[1] In many cultures, towns and cities were few, with only a small proportion of the population living in them. The Industrial Revolution attracted people in larger numbers to work in mills and factories; the concentration of people caused many villages to grow into towns and cities. This also enabled specialization of labor and crafts, and development of many trades. The trend of urbanization continues, though not always in connection with industrialisation. Villages have been eclipsed in importance as units of human society and settlement.
Contents |
Traditional villages[link]
Although many patterns of village life have existed, the typical village was small, consisting of perhaps 5 to 30 families. Homes were situated together for sociability and defence, and land surrounding the living quarters was farmed. Traditional fishing villages were based on artisan fishing and located adjacent to fishing grounds.
South Asia[link]
India "The soul of India lives in its villages", declared M. K. Gandhi[2] at the beginning of 20th century. According to the 2011 census of India, 68.84% of Indians (around 833.1 million people) live in 640,867 different villages.[3] The size of these villages varies considerably. 236,004 Indian villages have a population less than 500, while 3,976 villages have a population of 10,000+. Most of the villages have their own temple, mosque or church depending on the local religious following.
East Asia[link]
People's Republic of China
Main article: Village (China)
In mainland China, villages 村 are divisions under township Zh:乡 or town Zh:镇.
Republic of China (Taiwan) In the Republic of China (Taiwan), villages are divisions under townships or county-controlled cities. The village is called a tsuen or cūn (村) under a rural township (鄉) and a li (里) under an urban township (鎮) or a county-controlled city. See also Li (unit).
Japan
Main article: Villages of Japan
South Korea
Main article: Villages of South Korea
Southeast Asia[link]
Thailand
Main article: Muban
Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore
In Indonesia, depending on the principles they are administered, villages are called desa or kelurahan. A desa (a term that derives from a Sanskrit word meaning "country" that is found in a name such as "Bangladesh") is administered according to traditions and customary law (adat), while a kelurahan is administered along more "modern" principles. Desa are generally located in rural areas while kelurahan are generally urban subdivisions. A village head is respectively called kepala desa or lurah. Both are elected by the local community. A desa or kelurahan is itself the subdivision of a kecamatan (district), in turn the subdivision of a kabupaten (regency).
The same general concept applies all over Indonesia. How ever, there is some variation among the vast numbers of Austronesian ethnic groups. For instance, in Bali villages have been created by grouping traditional hamlets or banjar, which constitute the basis of Balinese social life. In the Minangkabau country in West Sumatra province traditional villages are called nagari (a term deriving from another Sanskrit word meaning "city", which can be found in a name like "Srinagar"). In some areas such as Tanah Toraja, elders take turns watching over the village at a command post.[citation needed] As a general rule, desa and kelurahan are groupings of hamlets (kampung in Indonesian, dusun in the Javanese language, banjar in Bali).
In Malaysia, the term kampung (sometimes spelling kampong) in the English language has been defined specifically as "a Malay hamlet or village in a Malay-speaking country".[4] In other words, a kampung is defined today as a village in Brunei, Indonesia, Singapore, and Malaysia. In Malaysia, a kampung is determined as a locality with 10,000 or fewer people. Since historical times, every Malay village came under the leadership of a penghulu (village chief), who has the power to hear civil matters in his village (see Courts of Malaysia for more details). A Malay village typically contains a "masjid" (mosque) or "surau" (Muslim chapel), paddy fields and Malay houses on stilts. Malay and Indonesian villagers practice the culture of helping one another as a community, which is better known as "joint bearing of burdens" (gotong royong),[5] as well as being family-oriented (especially the concept of respecting one's family [particularly the parents and elders]), courtesy and believing in God ("Tuhan") as paramount to everything else. It is common to see a cemetery near the mosque, as all Muslims in the Malay or Indonesian village want to be prayed for, and to receive Allah's blessings in the afterlife. In Sarawak, some villages are called 'long' pronounced as 'long' in Chinese. These villages are mostly found in western Sarawak.
Singapore also follows the Malaysian kampung. However, there are only a few kampung villages remaining, mostly on islands surrounding Singapore such as Pulau Ubin. In the past, there was many kampung villages in Singapore but now there aren't many on the mainland.
Philippines
In urban areas of the Philippines, the term "village" most commonly refers to private subdivisions, especially gated communities. These villages emerged in the mid-20th century and were initially the domain of elite urban dwellers. Those are common in major cities in the country and their residents have a wide range of income levels. Such villages may or may not correspond to administrative units (usually barangays) and/or be privately administered. Barangays more correspond to the villages of old times, and the chairman (formerly a village datu) now settles intrapersonal matters or polices the village, though with much less authority and respect than in Indonesia or Malaysia.
Vietnam
Village, or "làng", is a basis of Vietnam society. Vietnam's village is the typical symbol[citation needed] of Asian agricultural production. Vietnam's village typically contains: a village gate, "lũy tre" (bamboo hedges), "đình làng" (communal house) where "thành hoàng" (tutelary god) is worshiped, a common well, "đồng lúa" (rice field), "chùa" (temple) and houses of all families in the village. All the people in Vietnam's villages usually have a blood relationship. They are farmers who grow rice and have the same traditional handicraft. Vietnam's villages have an important role in society (Vietnamese saying: "Custom rules the law" -"Phép vua thua lệ làng" [literally: the king's law yields to village customs]). Everyone in Vietnam wants to be buried in their village when they die.[citation needed]
Central and Eastern Europe[link]
Slavic countries[link]
Selo (Cyrillic: село; Polish: wieś, sioło) is a Slavic word meaning "village" in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Macedonia, Russia, Serbia, and Ukraine. For example there are numerous sela (plural of selo) called Novo Selo in Bulgaria, Croatia, Montenegro and others in Serbia, and Macedonia. In Slovenia, the word selo is used for very small villages (less than a thousand people) and in dialects; the Slovene word vas is used all over Slovenia.
Bulgaria[link]
Main article: List of villages in Bulgaria
In Bulgaria, the different types of Sela vary from a small selo of 5 to 30 families to one of several thousand people. According to a 2002 census, in that year there were 2,385,000 Bulgarian citizens living in settlements classified as villages.[6] A 2004 Human Settlement Profile on Bulgaria[7] conducted by the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs stated that:
The most intensive is the migration "city – city". Approximately 46% of all migrated people have changed their residence from one city to another. The share of the migration processes "village – city" is significantly less – 23% and "city – village" – 20%. The migration "village – village" in 2002 is 11%.[6]
It also stated that
the state of the environment in the small towns and villages is good apart from the low level of infrastructure.[6]
In Bulgaria, it is becoming popular to visit villages for the atmosphere, culture, crafts, hospitality of the people and the surrounding nature. This is called selski tourism (Bulgarian: селски туризъм), meaning "village tourism".[citation needed]
Russia[link]
In Russia, as of the 2010 Census, 26.3% of the country's population lives in rural localities;[8] down from 26.7% recorded in the 2002 Census.[8] Multiple types of rural localities exist, but the two most common are derevnya (деревня) and selo (село). Historically, the formal indication of status was religious: a city (gorod) had a cathedral, a selo had a church, while a derevnya had neither.
The lowest administrative unit of the Russian Empire, a volost, or its Soviet or modern Russian successor, a selsoviet, was typically headquartered in a selo and embraced a few neighboring villages.
Between 1926 and 1989, Russia's rural population shrank from 76 million people to 39 million, due to urbanization, collectivization, dekulakization, and the World War II losses, but has nearly stabilized since.[citation needed] During 1930–1937, mass starvation in Russia and other parts of the Soviet Union lead to the death of at least 14.5 million peasants (including 5–7 million in the Holodomor).[9]
Most Russian rural localities have populations of less than 200 people, and the smaller places take the brunt of depopulation: e.g., in 1959, about one half of Russia's rural population lived in villages of fewer than 500 people, while now less than one third does.[citation needed] In the 1960s–1970s, the depopulation of the smaller villages was driven by the central planners' drive to get the farm workers out of smaller, "prospect-less" hamlets and into the collective or state farms' main villages, with more amenities.[10]
Most Russian rural residents are involved in agricultural work, and it is very common for villagers to produce their own food. As prosperous urbanites purchase village houses for their second homes, Russian villages sometimes are transformed into dacha settlements, used mostly for seasonal residence.
The historically Cossack regions of Southern Russia and parts of Ukraine, with their fertile soil and absence of serfdom, had a rather different pattern of settlement from central and northern Russia. While peasants of central Russia lived in a village around the lord's manor, a Cossack family often lived on its own farm, called khutor. A number of such khutors plus a central village made up the administrative unit with a center in a stanitsa (Russian: стани́ца; Ukrainian: станиця, stanytsia). Such stanitsasoften with a few thousand residents, were usually larger than a typical selo in central Russia.
The term aul/aal is used to refer mostly Muslim-populated villages in Caucasus and Idel-Ural, without regard to the number of residents.
Ukraine[link]
In Ukraine, a village, known locally as a "selo" (село), is considered the lowest administrative unit. Villages may have an individual administration (silrada) or a joint administration, combining two or more villages. Villages may also be under the jurisdiction of a city council (miskrada) or town council (selyshchna rada) administration.
There is, however, another smaller type of settlement which is designated in Ukrainian as a selysche (селище). This type of community is generally referred to in English as a "settlement". In comparison with an urban-type settlement, Ukrainian legislation does not have a concrete definition or a criterion to differentiate such settlements from villages. They represent a type of a small rural locality that might have once been a khutir, a fisherman's settlement, or a dacha. They are administered by a silrada (council) located in a nearby adjacent village. Sometimes the term "selysche" is also used in a more general way to refer to adjacent settlements near a bigger city, including urban-type settlements (selysche miskoho typu) and/or villages; however, ambiguity is often avoided in connection with urbanized settlements by referring to them using the three-letter abbreviation smt instead.
The khutir (хутір) and stanytsia (станиця) are not part of the administrative division any longer, primarily due to collectivization. Khutirs were very small rural localities consisting of just few housing units and were sort of individual farms. They became really popular during the Stolypin reform in the early 20th century. During the collectivization, however, residents of such settlements were usually declared to be kulaks and had all their property confiscated and distributed to others (nationalized) without any compensation. The stanitsa likewise has not survived as an administrative term. The stanitsa was a type of a collective community that could include one or more settlements such as villages, khutirs, and others. Today, stanitsa-type formations have only survived in Kuban (Russian Federation) where Ukrainians were resettled during the time of the Russian Empire.
Western & Southern Europe[link]
United Kingdom[link]
See also: Largest village in England
A village in the UK is a compact settlement of houses, smaller in size than a town, and generally based on agriculture or, in some areas, mining (such as Ouston, County Durham), quarrying or sea fishing.
The major factors in the type of settlement are location of water sources, organisation of agriculture and landholding, and likelihood of flooding. For example, in areas such as the Lincolnshire Wolds, the villages are often found along the spring line halfway down the hillsides, and originate as spring line settlements, with the original open field systems around the village. In northern Scotland, most villages are planned to a grid pattern located on or close to major roads, whereas in areas such as the Forest of Arden, woodland clearances produced small hamlets around village greens.[11][12]
Some villages have disappeared (for example, deserted medieval villages), sometimes leaving behind a church or manor house and sometimes nothing but bumps in the fields.Some show archaeological evidence of settlement at three or four different layers, each distinct from the previous one. Clearances may have been to accommodate sheep or game estates, or enclosure, or may have resulted from depopulation, such as after the Black Death or following a move of the inhabitants to more prosperous districts. Other villages have grown and merged and often form hubs within the general mass of suburbia — such as Hampstead, London and Didsbury in Manchester. Many villages are now predominantly dormitory locations and have suffered the loss of shops, churches and other facilities.
For many British people, the village represents an ideal of Great Britain. Seen as being far from the bustle of modern life, it is represented as quiet and harmonious, if a little inward-looking. This concept of an unspoilt Arcadia is present in many popular representations of the village such as the radio serial The Archers or the best kept village competitions. The reality is that many villages are plagued by lack of access to public transport and local services, specially affecting the poor and elderly who cannot afford their own means of transport.[13]
Many villages in South Yorkshire, North Nottinghamshire, North East Derbyshire, County Durham, South Wales and Northumberland are known as pit villages. These (such as Murton, County Durham) grew from hamlets when the sinking of a colliery in the early 20th century resulted in a rapid growth in their population and the colliery owners built new housing, shops, pubs and churches. Some pit villages outgrew nearby towns by area and population; for example, Rossington in South Yorkshire came to have over four times more people than the nearby town of Bawtry. Some pit villages grew to become towns; for example, Maltby in South Yorkshire grew from 600 people in the 19th century[14] to over 17,000 in 2007.[15] Maltby was constructed under the auspices of the Sheepbridge Coal and Iron Company and included ample open spaces and provision for gardens.[16]
In the UK, the main historical distinction between a hamlet and a village was that the latter had a church,[1] and so usually was the centre of worship for an ecclesiastical parish. However, some civil parishes may contain more than one village. The typical village had a pub or inn, shops, and a blacksmith. But many of these facilities are now gone, and many villages are dormitories for commuters. The population of such settlements ranges from a few hundred people to around five thousand. A village is distinguished from a town in that:
- A village should not have a regular agricultural market, although today such markets are uncommon even in settlements which clearly are towns.
- A village does not have a town hall nor a mayor.
- If a village is the principal settlement of a civil parish, then any administrative body that administers it at parish level should be called a parish council or parish meeting, and not a town council or city council. However, some civil parishes have no functioning parish, town, or city council nor a functioning parish meeting. In Wales, where the equivalent of an English civil parish is called a Community, the body that administers it is called a Community Council. However, larger councils may elect to call themselves town councils.[17] Unlike Wales, Scottish community councils have no statutory powers.[18]
- There should be a clear green belt or open fields, as, for example, seen on aerial maps for Ouston surrounding its parish[19] borders. However this may not be applicable to urbanised villages: although these may not considered to be villages, they are often widely referred to as being so; an example of this is Horsforth in Leeds.
France[link]
Same general definition as in the UK.
An independent association named Les Plus Beaux Villages de France, was created in 1982 to promote assets of small and picturesque French villages of quality heritage. As of 2008, 152 villages in France have been listed in "The Most Beautiful Villages of France".
Spain[link]
Spain has plenty of little villages around its territory. The concept of village and country life is really present and usual in the North of the country (Atlantic area), especially in Galicia where villages are similar to English ones.
South of Barcelona is Spain's most romantic Mediterranean beach town, with a 2.5 km-long (1 1/2-mile) sandy beach and a promenade studded with flowers and palm trees. Sitges is a town with a rich connection to art; Picasso and Dalí both spent time here.[20] Mérida is an important Roman town with great tapas. Barcena Mayor (Cantabria) has houses that date back to the sixth century with simple two floors constructions and rectangular form. Salamanca, an ancient Celtic town, is also a Renaissance city with striking architecture. Its sandstones buildings have a beautiful lustre giving the city the nickname, La Ciudad Dorado.[21]
Morella, Castellón is a medieval village located in the region of "Comunitat Valenciana" with huge castles with a rich renaissance history.[22] Rogueira pasturelands is one of the great ecological jewels of Galicia. Rivers, pools and springs abound in this verdant forest, as do underground water caves and caverns with a prehistoric past.[23] San Marti Vell is a charming small village well known for its Gothic spire. La Bisbal should be next on the list. The town is worth visiting for its Main Square and the castle. This Romanesque castle is situated in the middle of the town, giving it a romantic look. There is also Palafrugell, Palau-sator, Sant Julia and Sant Feliu de Boada. They are all very important because of their medieval patrimony. Castelló d'Empúries has 13th century Gothic churches. Angles also possesses outstanding medieval constructions throughout its village.[24] All villages have a church or hermitage.[citation needed]
Portugal[link]
Villages are more usual in the northern and central regions and in the Alentejo. Most of them have a church and a "Casa do Povo" (people's house), where the village's summer romarias or religious festivities are usually held. Summer is also when many villages are host to a range of folk festivals and fairs, taking advantage of the fact that many of the locals who reside abroad tend to come back to their native village for the holidays.
Netherlands[link]
In the flood prone districts of the Netherlands, villages were traditionally built on low man-made hills called terps before the introduction of regional dyke-systems. In modern days, the term dorp (lit. "village") is usually applied to settlements no larger than 20,000, though there's no official law regarding status of settlements in the Netherlands.
Middle East[link]
Lebanon[link]
Like France, villages in Lebanon are usually located in remote mountainous areas. The majority of villages in Lebanon retain their Aramaic names or are derivative of the Aramaic names, and this is because Aramaic was still in use in Mount Lebanon up to the 18th century.[25]
Many of the Lebanese villages are a part of districts, these districts are known as "kadaa" which includes the districts of Baabda (Baabda), Aley (Aley), Matn (Jdeideh), Keserwan (Jounieh), Chouf (Beiteddine), Jbeil (Byblos), Tripoli (Tripoli), Zgharta (Zgharta / Ehden), Bsharri (Bsharri), Batroun (Batroun), Koura (Amioun), Miniyeh-Danniyeh (Minyeh / Sir Ed-Danniyeh), Zahle (Zahle), Rashaya (Rashaya), Western Beqaa (Jebjennine / Saghbine), Sidon (Sidon), Jezzine (Jezzine), Tyre (Tyre), Nabatiyeh (Nabatiyeh), Marjeyoun (Marjeyoun), Hasbaya (Hasbaya), Bint Jbeil (Bint Jbeil), Baalbek (Baalbek), and Hermel (Hermel).
The district of Danniyeh consists of thirty six small villages, which includes Almrah, Kfirchlan, Kfirhbab, Hakel al Azimah, Siir, Bakhoun, Miryata, Assoun, Sfiiri, Kharnoub, Katteen, Kfirhabou, Zghartegrein, Ein Qibil.
Danniyeh (known also as Addinniyeh, Al Dinniyeh, Al Danniyeh, Arabic: سير الضنية) is a region located in Miniyeh-Danniyeh District in the North Governorate of Lebanon. The region lies east of Tripoli, extends north as far as Akkar District, south to Bsharri District and Zgharta District and as far east as Baalbek and Hermel. Dinniyeh has an excellent ecological environment filled with woodlands, orchards and groves. Several villages are located in this mountainous area, the largest town being Sir Al Dinniyeh.
An example of a typical mountainous Lebanese village in Dannieh would be Hakel al Azimah which is a small village that belongs to the district of Danniyeh, situated between Bakhoun and Assoun's boundaries. It is in the centre of the valleys that lie between the Arbeen Mountains and the Khanzouh.
Syria[link]
Syria contains a large number of villages that vary in size and importance, including the ancient, historical and religious villages, such as Ma'loula, Sednaya, and Brad (Mar Maroun’s time). The diversity of the Syrian environments creates significant differences between the Syrian villages in terms of the economic activity and the method of adoption. Villages in the south of Syria (Huran, Jabal Al-Arab), the north-east (the Syrian island) and the Orontes River basin depend mostly on agriculture, mainly grain, vegetables and fruits. Villages in the region of Damascus and Aleppo depend on trading. Some other villages, such as Marmarita depend heavily on tourist activity.
Mediterranean cities in Syria, such as Tartus and Latakia have similar types of villages. Mainly, villages were built in very good sites which had the fundamentals of the rural life, like water. An example of a Mediterranean Syrian village in Tartus would be Al-Annaze, which is a small village that belongs to the area of Al Sauda. The area of Al Sauda is called a nahiya, which is a subdistrict.
Australasia and Oceania[link]
Pacific Islands Communities on pacific islands were historically called villages by English speakers who traveled and settled in the area. Some communities such as several Villages of Guam continue to be called villages despite having large populations that can exceed 40,000 residents.
New Zealand The traditional Māori village was the pā, a fortified hill-top settlement. Tree-fern logs and flax were the main building materials. As in Australia (see below) the term is now used mainly in respect of shopping or other planned areas.
Australia The term village often is used in reference to small planned communities such as retirement communities or shopping districts, and tourist areas such as ski resorts. Small rural communities are usually known as townships. Larger settlements are known as towns.[citation needed]
South America[link]
Argentina Usually set in remote mountainous areas, some also cater to winter sports and/or tourism, see: Uspallata, La Cumbrecita, Villa Traful and La Cumbre
North America[link]
Canada[link]
Main article: Municipal government in Canada
United States[link]
Main article: Village (United States)
Incorporated villages
See also: Administrative divisions of New York#Village and Village (Oregon)
In twenty[26] U.S. states, the term "village" refers to a specific form of incorporated municipal government, similar to a city but with less authority and geographic scope. However, this is a generality; in many states, there are villages that are an order of magnitude larger than the smallest cities in the state. The distinction is not necessarily based on population, but on the relative powers granted to the different types of municipalities and correspondingly, different obligations to provide specific services to residents.
In some states such as New York, Wisconsin, or Michigan, a village is an incorporated municipality, usually, but not always, within a single town or civil township. Residents pay taxes to the village and town or township and may vote in elections for both as well. In some cases, the village may be coterminous with the town or township. There are also many villages which span the boundaries of more than one town or township, and some villages may even straddle county borders.
There is no limit to the population of a village in New York; Hempstead, the largest village in the state, has 55,000 residents, making it more populous than some of the state's cities. However, villages in the state may not exceed five square miles (13 km²) in area.
In the state of Wisconsin, a village is always legally separate from the towns that it has been incorporated from. The largest village is Menomonee Falls, which has over 32,000 residents.
Michigan and Illinois also have no set population limit for villages and there are many villages that are larger than cities in those states. The village of Arlington Heights, IL had 75,101 residents as of the 2010 census.
Villages in Ohio are often legally part of the township from which they were incorporated, although exceptions such as Hiram exist, in which the village is separate from the township.[27] They have no area limitations, but become cities if they grow a population of more than 5,000.[28]
In Maryland, a locality designated "Village of ..." may be either an incorporated town or a special tax district.[29] An example of the latter is the Village of Friendship Heights.
In states that have New England towns, a "village" is a center of population or trade, including the town center, in an otherwise sparsely-developed town or city — for instance, the village of Hyannis in the city of the Barnstable, Massachusetts.
Unincorporated villages
In many states, the term "village" is used to refer to a relatively small unincorporated community, similar to a hamlet in New York state. This informal usage may be found even in states that have villages as an incorporated municipality, although such usage might be considered incorrect and confusing.
See also[link]
Settlement types[link]
Countries and localities[link]
- Dhani and villages
- Dogon villages
- Hakka architecture
- Ksar
- List of villages in Europe by country
- Pueblo
- Sołectwo (rough equivalent in Poland)
- Ville
- Developed environments
Footnotes[link]
- ^ a b Dr Greg Stevenson, "What is a Village?", Exploring British Villages, BBC, 2006, accessed 20 October 2009
- ^ R.K. Bhatnagar. INDIA’S MEMBERSHIP OF ITER PROJECT. PRESS INFORMATION BUREAU. GOVERNMENT OF INDIA, BANGALORE
- ^ "Indian Census". Censusindia.gov.in. http://www.censusindia.gov.in/. Retrieved 2012-04-09.
- ^ "Meriam-Webster Online". M-w.com. 2007-04-25. http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/kampung. Retrieved 2010-03-28.
- ^ Geertz, Clifford. "Local Knowledge: Fact and Law in Comparative Perspective", pp. 167–234 in Geertz Local Knowledge: Further Essays in Interpretive Anthropology, NY: Basic Books. 1983.
- ^ a b c "Human Settlement Country Profile, Bulgaria (2004)" (PDF). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. http://www.un.org/esa/agenda21/natlinfo/countr/bulgaria/Bulgariahumansettlement2003.PDF. Retrieved 2008-11-30.
- ^ HUMAN SETTLEMENT COUNTRY PROFILE: BULGARIA. United Nations (2004)
- ^ a b Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2011). "Предварительные итоги Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года (Preliminary results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis-2010.ru/results_of_the_census/results-inform.php. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
- ^ Robert Conquest (1986) The Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivization and the Terror-Famine. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-505180-7.
- ^ "Российское село в демографическом измерении" (Rural Russia measured demographically) (Russian). This article reports the following census statistics:
Census year 1959 1970 1979 1989 2002 Total number of rural localities in Russia 294,059 216,845 177,047 152,922 155,289 Of them, with population 1 to 10 persons 41,493 25,895 23,855 30,170 47,089 Of them, with population 11 to 200 persons 186,437 132,515 105,112 80,663 68,807 - ^ Wild, Martin Trevor (2004). Village England: a social history of the countryside. I.B.Tauris. p. 12. ISBN 978-1-86064-939-4. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=M7AmyuGr5Y8C&printsec=frontcover.
- ^ Taylor, Christopher (1984). Village and farmstead: A history of rural settlement in England. G. Philip. p. 192. ISBN 978-0-540-01082-0. http://books.google.co.uk/books?ei=NksHTpXqIo6t8QPE1ozADQ.
- ^ OECD (2011). OECD Rural Policy Reviews: England, United Kingdom 2011. OECD Publishing. p. 237. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=bQCGWKfXJNMC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0.
- ^ The Parliamentary gazetteer of England and Wales. 3. A. Fullarton & Co.. 1851. p. 344. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=mxIQAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover.
- ^ "Maltby Ward". Rotherham Metropolitan Borough Council. http://www.rotherham.gov.uk/download/553/maltby_ward. Retrieved 2011-06-26.
- ^ Baylies, Carolyn Louise (1993). The history of the Yorkshire miners, 1881–1918. Routledge. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=WEIOAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0.
- ^ "National Statistics". Statistics.gov.uk. http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/parishes.asp. Retrieved 2010-03-28.
- ^ "Portobello Community Council". Porty.org.uk. http://www.porty.org.uk/council/index.php. Retrieved 2010-03-28.
- ^ "Ouston Parish Council". durham.gov.uk. http://parishes.durham.gov.uk/ouston/Pages/wherewelive.aspx.
- ^ The Best Small Towns and Villages in Spain at Frommer's. Frommers.com. Retrieved on 2012-05-27.
- ^ Spanish Towns and Villages. Tourclare.com. Retrieved on 2012-05-27.
- ^ Top 10 Cities and Villages to Visit in Spain. Travelthruspain.com. Retrieved on 2012-05-27.
- ^ Medieval villages in Galicia, Spain: O courel mountains. spain.info in English. Spain.info. Retrieved on 2012-05-27.
- ^ Medieval Towns And Villages In Spain. Travel.ezinemark.com (2010-10-22). Retrieved on 2012-05-27.
- ^ "A project proposal". Almashriq.hiof.no. http://almashriq.hiof.no/lebanon/400/410/412/elies_project/glimse_of_yesterday.html. Retrieved 2010-03-28.
- ^ "Village". Websters-online-dictionary.org. http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definition/english/vi/village.html#Definitions. Retrieved 2010-03-28.
- ^ "Detailed map of Ohio" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 2000. http://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/general_ref/cousub_outline/cen2k_pgsz/oh_cosub.pdf. Retrieved 2010-03-28.
- ^ "Ohio Revised Code Section 703.01(A)". http://codes.ohio.gov/orc/703.01. Retrieved 2010-03-28.
- ^ 2002 Census of Governments, Individual State Descriptions (PDF)
External links[link]
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| Village People | |
|---|---|
 from left: Randy Jones, Glenn Hughes, Felipe Rose, Victor Willis, David "Scar" Hodo, Alex Briley in 1978 |
|
| Background information | |
| Origin | New York City, United States |
| Genres | Disco |
| Years active | 1977 – Present |
| Labels | Casablanca Records Black Scorpio RCA Polygram |
| Website | www.OfficialVillagePeople.com |
| Members | |
| Felipe Rose Alex Briley David "Scar" Hodo G. Jeff Olson Eric Anzalone Ray Simpson |
|
| Past members | |
| Victor Willis Randy Jones Glenn Hughes Ray Stephens Mark Lee Miles Jaye |
|
Village People is a concept disco group that formed in the United States in 1977, well known for their on-stage costumes depicting American cultural stereotypes, as well as their catchy tunes and suggestive lyrics.
Originally created to target disco's gay audience by featuring popular gay fantasy personas,[1] the band's popularity quickly brought them into the mainstream. Village People scored a number of disco and dance hits, including their trademark "Macho Man", "Go West", the classic club medley of "San Francisco (You've Got Me) / In Hollywood (Everybody is a Star)", "In the Navy", "Can't Stop the Music", and their biggest hit, "Y.M.C.A.".
They have sold upwards of 100 million records world-wide.[2]
Contents |
History[link]
1977–1979[link]
The group was the creation of Jacques Morali, a French musical composer. He had written a few dance tunes when he was given a demo tape recorded by singer/actor Victor Willis. Morali approached Willis and told him, "I had a dream that you sang lead on my album and it went very, very big". Willis agreed to sing on the first album, Village People.[3]
It was a success, and demand for live appearances soon followed. Morali and his business partner, Henri Belolo (under the collaboration Can't Stop Productions) hastily built a group of dancers around Willis to perform in clubs and on Dick Clark's American Bandstand. As Village People's popularity grew, Morali, Belolo and Willis saw the need for a permanent "group." They took out an ad in a music trade magazine which read: "Macho Types Wanted: Must Dance And Have A Moustache."[3]
Morali met the first recruit, Felipe Rose (Native American), on the streets of Greenwich Village. Rose was a bartender who wore jingle bells on his boots. He was invited to take part in the sessions for the first album. Alex Briley (who started as an athlete, but eventually took on the soldier persona) was Willis' friend. The others, Mark Mussler (construction worker), Dave Forrest (cowboy), Lee Mouton (leatherman) and Peter Whitehead (one of the group's early songwriters) appeared on American Bandstand and in the video for the group's first hit, "San Francisco (You Got Me)". They were later replaced by David Hodo, Randy Jones and Glenn Hughes, who all had more experience as actors/singers/dancers. Hughes had first been spotted as a toll collector at the Brooklyn Battery Tunnel.[3]
Because Morali could not speak English, songwriters Phil Hurtt and Peter Whitehead were brought in to write the lyrics for the first album. However, Willis wrote the lyrics to the group's biggest hits, including "Y.M.C.A.", "Macho Man," "Go West" and "In the Navy," and for other Can't Stop Productions acts such as Ritchie Family and Patrick Juvet.[4] Likewise, Gypsy Lane (the Village People band) and their conductor, Horace Ott, provided much of the musical arrangements for Morali, who did not play any instruments.[5]
The band's name refers to New York City's Greenwich Village, at the time known for its large gay population.[6] Morali and Belolo decided to create a group of stereotypes based on the gay men of Greenwich Village, who often dressed in fantasy attire.
"Macho Man" brought them mainstream attention, and their 1978 recording "Y.M.C.A." became one of the most popular hits of the 1970s.
In 1979, the United States Navy decided to use "In the Navy" in a television and radio recruiting campaign. Belolo offered them the rights for free if the Navy would help them film the music video. The Navy provided them access to the San Diego Navy base, where the USS Reasoner (FF-1063), several aircraft, and the crew of the ship would be used. The Navy canceled the campaign after a short time.[7]
The group's fame peaked in 1979, when Village People made several appearances on The Merv Griffin Show and traveled with Bob Hope to entertain U.S. troops. They were also featured on the cover of Rolling Stone, Vol. 289, April 19, 1979. Willis left the group at the end of an international tour in 1979, and a decline in popularity followed.
1980–1985[link]
Ray Simpson, brother of Valerie Simpson (of Ashford & Simpson), replaced Willis for the group's highly anticipated 1980 feature film Can't Stop the Music, directed by Nancy Walker, written by Allan Carr and Bronte Woodard, music and lyrics by Jacques Morali (although Willis penned the lyrics to Milkshake and Magic Night) and starring Steve Guttenberg, Valerie Perrine, Jean-Claude Billmaer, Bruce Jenner, and Village People. By the time it was released, however, disco had waned and the movie won the Worst Picture and Worst Screenplay prizes at the 1980 Golden Raspberry Awards in March 1981 and was nominated in almost all the other categories. Despite that, the song Can't Stop the Music became a Club Play chart hit and moderate radio hit. However, it too (Can't Stop the Music, the song) was nominated for Worst Original Song by the 1981 Razzies, and flopped by Village People standard in that it never obtained gold status as a single or album.[8] The soundtrack also featured the talents of "David London", who under his real name Dennis "Fergie" Frederiksen went on to become the future lead singer of Toto and one of the main contributors to the Village People's next album. The movie itself has since become a cult favorite, developing a worldwide fan base.
The group was one of the featured guests on a November 22, 1980 episode of Love Boat, (7th episode of season 4), entitled "Secretary to the Stars/Julie's Decision/The Horse Lover/Gopher and Isaac Buy a Horse". At the end of 1980, cowboy Randy Jones left the group and was replaced by Jeff Olson.
In 1981, with the popularity of disco having faded and New Wave music on the rise, Village People replaced its on-stage costumes with a new look inspired by the New Romantic movement, and released the New Wave album Renaissance. It only attracted minor, mostly negative attention and produced no hits.
Victor Willis returned to the group briefly in late 1981 for the album Fox on the Box, which was released in 1982 only in Europe but did have limited release in the United States in 1983 under the title In the Street. Miles Jaye had briefly taken over for Ray Simpson as lead singer by 1983 and contributed an extra track to In the Street. Mark Lee replaced David Hodo in 1982.
Their last album containing new material, the 1985 dance/Hi-NRG release Sex Over the Phone, was not a huge commercial success, but it fared better in sales and club play than their Renaissance album. The title track, when released as a single, was banned by the BBC because of its content - credit card dirty phone calls.[9] In recent years, "Sex Over the Phone" has become a cult classic. Recently, an Associated Press declared "Sex Over the Phone" to be the "'Citizen Kane' of music videos." The Sex album featured yet another new lead singer, Ray Stephens (of The Great Space Coaster fame). Py Douglas came in to sub for Stephens for some of the group's live appearances in 1985.
In 1985, the group took a hiatus but reunited in 1987 with the line-up of Randy Jones, David Hodo, Felipe Rose, Glenn Hughes, Alex Briley and Ray Simpson.
Since 1988 the group has managed itself under the name Sixuvus Ltd. [10]
1990s to present[link]
- November 15, 1991: Village People founder Jacques Morali dies from AIDS in Paris, France.
- 1993: the group makes a guest appearance on the hit show Married With Children in the episode "Take My Wife, Please".
- 1994: Village People join the German national football team to sing its official World Cup '94 theme Far Away in America.
- 1994: Cowboy Randy Jones sings Greg Brady's part on a punk cover of The Brady Bunch classic Time to Change.
- 1995: Eric Anzalone replaces Glenn Hughes as the Leatherman/Biker.
- 1996: Village People appears with Kelsey Grammer, Rob Schneider, and other cast members during the end-credits sequence of the film Down Periscope.
- 2000: The group releases new material under the name Amazing Veepers.
- 2001: Felipe Rose appears as himself on the game show To Tell the Truth.
- March 4, 2001: original member Glenn Hughes (Leatherman) dies from lung cancer in New York City.[11]
- 2004: Village People perform as the opening act for Cher on her Farewell Tour until it ends in April 2005. It was a highly successful tour for both artists.
- May 7, 2004: Original Cowboy Randy Jones marries Will Grega, his boyfriend of 20 years.[12]
- Summer 2004: Village People perform at Lincoln Center Out Of Doors.
- September 4, 2006: Village People perform on Jerry Lewis' MDA Telethon.
- August 31, 2007: Victor Willis gives his first live concert in 28 years in Las Vegas.
- October 23, 2007: Village People perform on the NBC game show The Singing Bee.
- November 17, 2007: Victor Willis weds long-time love, Karen, a lawyer and executive.
- July 15, 2008: At the Major League Baseball All-Star Game at Yankee Stadium, Village People perform "Y.M.C.A." with the Yankees grounds crew during the 7th inning stretch.
- September 12, 2008: Village People receive star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
- September 3, 2010: Village People perform at the American Music Festival in Virginia Beach, Virginia.
- May 8, 2012, Victor Willis won a landmark ruling in the first case regarding the 1976 Copyright Act which allows recording artists and writers to reclaim their master recordings and publishing rights initially granted to record companies and publishers after 35 years.[13]
Cultural references[link]
Due to their easily recognizable characters, the group have frequently been imitated or parodied in films, television series, video games and music. Numerous covers and homages of their songs have been recorded. The stereotypical masculine characters, particularly the leather-clad biker character with a horseshoe moustache, have also become a widespread pop culture icons associated with male gay culture and YMCA has become something of an anthem of the LGBT community.
The song "In the Navy" was featured in an episode of The Muppet Show and The Simpsons.
In the film Wayne's World 2, Wayne and his friends disguise themselves in order to spy on Wayne's girlfriend; Wayne dresses as a construction worker, Garth as a cop, Neil as a leather-clad biker and Terry as a sailor. They are then chased and end up on the stage of a men's club where their coincidental resemblance to the Village People becomes apparent to the DJ, who immediately puts on YMCA.
A 1993 episode of Married with Children had Peg disguising herself as the Indian, along with Kelly as the sailor, Bud as the construction worker and Jefferson as the biker in order to appease angry Halloween party guests of Marcy's, and a joke being they could only lip synch to one song, YMCA, as that was the sole Village People album Marcy owned. When the real Village People appear at the party, they start their concert with YMCA, causing the enraged women who were sick of the song to pelt them with toilet paper.
In 1995, a parody of the Village People was seen on the CGI show ReBoot with the group the Small Town Binomes singing "BSnP", a parody of YMCA They were seen in the ReBoot episode "Talent Night" and each individual was modeled after a singer from the Village People using the show's common Binome characters. Their song "BSnP" was a jab at ABC network's Broadcast Standards and Practices organization, which frequently edited content from the show which they deemed not suitable for its younger viewers (lyrics included "Oh, it's fun to play in a non-violent way").
Discography[link]
Main albums[link]
| Year | Album Title | Peak chart positions | Certifications (sales thresholds) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US [14] |
US R&B [14] |
UK [15] |
|||
| 1977 | Village People | 54 | 36 | - | |
| 1978 | Macho Man | 24 | 31 | - | |
| Cruisin' | 3 | 5 | 24 | ||
| 1979 | Go West | 8 | 14 | 14 | |
| Live and Sleazy | 32 | 57 | - | ||
| 1980 | Can't Stop the Music | 47 | - | 9 | |
| 1981 | Renaissance | 138 | - | - | |
| 1982 | Fox on the Box | - | - | ||
| 1983 | In the Street | - | - | - | |
| 1985 | Sex Over the Phone | - | - | - | |
Compilations and other albums[link]
- Live: Seoul Song Festival (1984)
- Greatest Hits (1988)
- Greatest Hits '89 Remixes (1989)
- The Best of Village People (1994)
- The Very Best Of (1998)
- 20th Century Masters, The Millennium Collection ... The Best of Village People (2001)
Singles[link]
| Year | Single | Peak chart positions | Album | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US [19] |
US Disco [20] |
AUS [21] |
CAN [22] |
UK [23] |
|||
| 1977 | "San Francisco (You've Got Me)" | 102 | — | 15 | — | 45 | Village People |
| "Village People" | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 1978 | "I Am What I Am" | — | — | — | — | — | Macho Man |
| "Macho Man" | 25 | 4 | 3 | 16 | — | ||
| "Y.M.C.A." | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Cruisin' | |
| 1979 | "In the Navy" | 3 | 14 | 7 | 1 | 2 | Go West |
| "Go West" | 45 | — | — | 41 | 15 | ||
| "Ready for the 80's" | 52 | — | — | — | — | Live and Sleazy | |
| "Sleazy" | — | 26 | — | 87 | — | ||
| 1980 | "Can't Stop the Music" | 10 | 30 | 1 | — | 11 | Can't Stop the Music |
| "Magic Night" | — | — | 88 | — | — | ||
| 1981 | "Do You Wanna Spend the Night" | — | — | 48 | — | — | Renaissance |
| "5 O'Clock in the Morning" | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 1985 | "Sex Over the Phone" | — | — | — | — | 59 | Sex Over the Phone |
| "New York City" | — | — | — | — | 97 | ||
| 1989 | "Livin' in the Wildlife" | — | — | — | — | — | Singles only |
| 1994 | "Far Away in America" | — | — | — | — | — | |
Lineup[link]
| Year | Cop | Native American | G.I. / Sailor | Construction Worker | Cowboy | Biker |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1977 | Victor Willis | Felipe Rose | Alex Briley | Mark Mussler | Dave Forrest | Lee Mouton |
| 1978-1980 | David Hodo | Randy Jones | Glenn Hughes | |||
| 1980-1982 | Ray Simpson | G. Jeff Olson | ||||
| 1982-1983 | Ray Simpson; Victor Willis | Mark Lee | ||||
| 1983-1984 | Miles Jaye | |||||
| 1985 | Ray Stephens | |||||
| 1986 | Group disbanded | |||||
| 1987-1991 | Ray Simpson | Felipe Rose | Alex Briley | David Hodo | Randy Jones | Glenn Hughes |
| 1991-1995 | G. Jeff Olson | |||||
| 1995- present | Eric Anzalone | |||||
Temporary "People"[link]
- Peter Whitehead, who co-wrote the songs on the group's first record, briefly performed with the group in 1977.
- Py Douglas briefly replaced Ray Stephens in some television appearances during the group's 1985 European tour.
- Alec Timerman stood in for Alex Briley on occasion between 2001 and 2003.
- Bill Whitefield replaced David Hodo at some concerts in 2002 and 2003 and 2012.
- Richard Montoya also replaced Hodo on some 2008 dates.
- Angel Morales occasionally filled in for Felipe Rose between 2008 and 2009.
See also[link]
- List of number-one dance hits (United States)
- List of artists who reached number one on the US Dance chart
- List of artists who reached number one in Ireland
References[link]
- ^ "Spin Magazine Online: Y.M.C.A. (An Oral History) ''". Spin.com. 2008-05-27. http://www.spin.com/articles/ymca-oral-history. Retrieved 2011-08-19.
- ^ "Village People - The Official Site". Officialvillagepeople.com. http://www.officialvillagepeople.com/history.php. Retrieved 2011-08-19.
- ^ a b c Village People, Rolling Stone Magazine Vol. 289, April 19, 1979
- ^ Village People Official Tour Program, 1979, Can't Stop Productions
- ^ Straight, No Chaser by Victor Willis, 1990
- ^ Review: Gay Sex in the 70s: [1], 2000
- ^ Vulliamy, Ed (November 12, 2006). "Everyday people". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2006/nov/12/popandrock8. Retrieved May 27, 2010.
- ^ IMBD http://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000558/1981
- ^ Juke Magazine 13 February 1985.
- ^ Obituary, Glen Hughes,The Guardian, Friday 30 March 2001
- ^ [2][dead link]
- ^ Rashbaum, Alyssa (2004-05-11). "Village People's Cowboy Ropes Himself A Husband - Music, Celebrity, Artist News". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1486934/20040511/village_people.jhtml. Retrieved 2011-08-19.
- ^ http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/05/08/village-people-singer-wins-a-legal-battle-in-fight-to-reclaim-song-rights/?partner=rss&emc=rss
- ^ a b "Chart Stats - The Village People". chartstats.com. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/the-village-people-p134812/charts-awards. Retrieved 2012-01-15.
- ^ "Chart Stats - The Village People". theofficialcharts.com. http://www.theofficialcharts.com/artist/_/village%20people/. Retrieved 2012-01-15.
- ^ a b c d e "Searchable Database". Recording Industry Association of America. http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH. Retrieved 2012-01-15. Note: User must define 'Artist' search parameter as "Village People".
- ^ a b c d e "Certified Awards Search". Music Canada. Retrieved on 2012-01-15. Note: User needs to enter "Village People" in the "Search" field, "Artist" in the "Search by" field and click the "Go" button. Select "More info" next to the relevant entry to see full certification history.
- ^ "Certified Awards Search". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved on 2012-01-15. Note: User needs to enter "Village People" in the "Search" field, "Artist" in the "Search by" field and click the "Go" button. Select "More info" next to the relevant entry to see full certification history.
- ^ "Village People Album & Song Chart History - Hot 100". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.com/artist/village-people/112734#/artist/the-village-people/chart-history/112734. Retrieved December 11, 2010.
- ^ Allmusic Peak Positions
- ^ Kent, David (1993). Australian Chart Book 1970–1992. St Ives, N.S.W.: Australian Chart Book. ISBN 0-646-11917-6.
- ^ "Results - RPM - Library and Archives Canada - Top Singles". RPM. http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-110.01-e.php?PHPSESSID=9avni2mlobkiu3t775gsr70mt6&q1=village+people&q2=Top+Singles&interval=20. Retrieved December 11, 2010.
- ^ Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. p. 587. ISBN 1-904994-10-5.
External links[link]
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
