Sanmenxia 三门峡
—  Prefecture-level city  —
三门峡市
Sanmenxia is highlighted on this map
Sanmenxia Location in China
Coordinates: 34°46′N 111°12′E / 34.767°N 111.2°E / 34.767; 111.2Coordinates: 34°46′N 111°12′E / 34.767°N 111.2°E / 34.767; 111.2
Country	People's Republic of China
Province	Henan
Area
• Prefecture-level city	10,475 km2 (4,044 sq mi)
• Urban	164 km2 (63 sq mi)
• Metro	1,315 km2 (508 sq mi)
Elevation	376 m (1,234 ft)
Population (2010 census)
• Prefecture-level city	2,233,872
• Density	210/km2 (550/sq mi)
• Urban	284,312
• Urban density	1,700/km2 (4,500/sq mi)
• Metro	548,437
• Metro density	420/km2 (1,100/sq mi)
Time zone	China Standard (UTC+8)
Postal Code	472000
Area code(s)	(0)398
GDP	70.6 billion RMB (10.8 billion USD)[1]
Major Ethnicities	Han
County-level divisions	6
License plate prefixes	豫M
Website	http://www.smx.gov.cn

Sanmenxia (simplified Chinese: 三门峡; traditional Chinese: 三門峽; pinyin: Sānménxiá; Postal map spelling: Sanmenhsia) is a prefecture-level city in western Henan province in Central China. The westernmost prefecture-level city in Henan, Sanmenxia borders Luoyang to the east, Nanyang to the southeast, the province of Shaanxi to the west and the province of Shanxi to the north. The city lies on the south side of the Yellow River at the point where the river cuts through the Loess Plateau on its way to the North China Plain.

Its home to 2,233,872 inhabitants at the 2010 census whom 548,437 live in the built up area made of Hubin urban district and Pinglu county in Zuncheng, now within the agglomeration

Names and History[link]

The city's name in Chinese (三门峡) means "The Gorge of Three Gateways" and is derived from two islands that split the Yellow River into three parts.

According to Chinese mythology, Yu the Great used a divine axe to cut the mountain ridge three times, creating the Sanmenxia gorges to prevent massive flooding. The three "men" or gates were then named "The Gateway of Man" (人门), "The Gateway of Gods" (神门) and "The Gateway of Devils" (鬼门).

With the construction of the Sanmenxia Dam in the late 1950s, the ancient passes were flooded.

During the Western Zhou Dynasty, Sanmenxia was part of the territory of the State of Western Guo, ruled by relatives of the ruling Ji family of Zhou. Guo moved its capital from modern day Baoji to Shangyang (上阳), next to Sanmenxia. Later, this territory was annexed the State of Jin.

Archaeological finds near Sanmenxia between 1956 and 1991 revealed mass chariot graves and bronzeware of Western Guo State rulers.

Geography and climate[link]

Sanmenxia is located in western Henan on the southern (right) bank of the Yellow River, and is surrounded on three sides by mountains, with elevations generally increasing from northeast to southwest. Most of the prefecture is at an altitude of 300 to 1,500 metres (980 to 4,900 ft), although the highest peak in the province, at 2,413.8 metres (7,919 ft), is located in Lingbao. The prefecture is at the intersection of Henan, Shanxi, and Shaanxi provinces, bordering Luoyang to the east, Nanyang to the south, Weinan (Shaanxi) to the west, and Yuncheng (Shanxi) to the north across the Yellow River.

Sanmenxia has a mostly dry, monsoon-influenced continental climate with four seasons. Winters are moderately cold and very dry, while summers are hot and humid. Monthly daily average temperatures range from −0.3 °C (31.5 °F) in January to 26.4 °C (79.5 °F) in July, and the annual mean is 13.87 °C (57.0 °F). More than half of the annual precipitation falls from July to September. There are between 184 and 218 frost-free days per annum. In the Köppen system, the city is in the transition zone between a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa) and humid continental climate (Köppen Dwa), though it receives enough precipitation to barely avoid being semi-arid (Köppen BSk).^[2]

Administration[link]

The prefecture-level city of Sanmenxia administers one district, two county-level cities and three counties.

• Hubin District
• Lingbao City
• Yima City
• Lushi County
• Shan County
• Mianchi County
• Sanmenxia Development Zone(三门峡开发区/三门峡开发区)^{[citation needed]}

Transportation[link]

• China National Highway 209
• China National Highway 310

References[link]

External links[link]

• Government website of Sanmenxia (simplified Chinese)
• City map (in simplified Chinese)

v t e Major cities along the Yellow River Provinces and Autonomous regions Cities (from upper reaches to lower reaches) Gansu Lanzhou · Baiyin Ningxia Zhongwei · Wuzhong · Yinchuan · Shizuishan Inner Mongolia Wuhai · Ordos · Bayan Nur · Baotou · Hohhot (boundaries of upper and middle reaches) Shanxi Xinzhou · Lüliang · Linfen · Yuncheng Shaanxi Yulin · Yan'an · Weinan Henan Sanmenxia · Luoyang · Jiyuan · Jiaozuo · Zhengzhou(boundaries of middle and lower reaches)  · Xinxiang · Kaifeng · Puyang Shandong Liaocheng · Tai'an · Jinan · Dezhou · Binzhou · Zibo · Dongying

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