Addiscombe

Sunday, 25 November 2012

Man busts a turd outside the Joiners Arms in Addiscombe

Kiwanis Addiscombe Surrey Model Casting 2012

cheam 2s v addiscombe 2s A pre-season friendly 22-9-12

Tramlink Tram 2535 on Route 3 on Addiscombe Road

cheam 2s v addiscombe 2s A pre-season friendly 22-9-12 2nd half

Tramlink Tram 2538 on Route 2 on Addiscombe Road

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Addington Palace
Addington Palace is an 18th century mansion in Addington near Croydon, South London, England.
The original manor house called 'Addington Place' was built about the 16th century. The Addington estate was owned by the Leigh family until early 18th century. Sir John Leigh died without heirs in 1737 and his estates went to distant relatives, who eventually sold to Barlow Trecothick. Mr Trecothick had been raised in Boston, Massachusetts, and became a merchant there; he then moved to London still trading as a merchant, and later became Lord Mayor and then an MP. He bought the estate for £38,500 and then became Lord Mayor of the City of London in 1770.
He built a new house, designed by Robert Mylne in the Palladian style; a country mansion with single-storey wings. He died before it was completed in 1774 and it was inherited by his heir, James Ivers, who had to take the surname 'Trecothick' in order to inherit the estate. James continued the work on the house, having the substantial grounds and gardens landscaped by Lancelot "Capability" Brown. Due to financial difficulties, James Trecothick had to sell the estate in 1802. The estate was sold in lots in 1803. The next owners (William Coles and Westgarth Snaith) also got into financial trouble and sold it by Act of Parliament in 1807. This enabled the mansion to be purchased for the Archbishops of Canterbury, since nearby Croydon Palace had become inconvenient. It was now called 'Addington Farm' by the Archbishops. It was the residence for six Archbishops of Canterbury. The archbishops made further changes and enlarged the building; work on the building was overseen by Richard Norman Shaw. The palace became the official second residence of six archbishops:

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Addington, London
Coordinates: 51°21′46″N 0°01′26″W / 51.3628°N 0.0240°W / 51.3628; -0.0240
Addington is a district of south London, England, located in the London Borough of Croydon. It is situated 13 miles (21 km) south south-east of Charing Cross.
The village lay within the Anglo-Saxon administrative division of Wallington hundred. Addington is thought to be named after Edda, a Saxon. In the Domesday Book, two manors are mentioned, linked with the names Godric and Osward.
Addington Place, later known as Addington Farm and now called Addington Palace, dominates the village above the church of St Mary the Blessed Virgin Church and the 'Cricketers' pub. The manor house was situated behind the church and was the residence of the Leigh family. From this Leigh family, Pamela, Countess Mountbatten is descended. There is an oft repeated, but false account of a royal hunting lodge, "where King Henry VIII supposedly wooed Anne Boleyn, whose family owned nearby Wickham Court" by West Wickham Parish Church. However Anne Boleyn of Wickham Court was the aunt of Queen Anne.

wn.com/Addington,_London
Addiscombe
Coordinates: 51°22′52″N 0°03′59″W / 51.381°N 0.0663°W / 51.381; -0.0663
Addiscombe is a district of south London, England, located in the London Borough of Croydon. It is situated 10 miles (16 km) south of Charing Cross.
It is situated just to the northeast of central Croydon, and is home to a high proportion of people who commute to Central London, owing to its proximity to the busy East Croydon railway station and Tramlink, linking Addiscombe with other parts of Croydon and Wimbledon, as well as extensive bus routes into Central Croydon and surrounding areas.
There are several local schools, including the Trinity School of John Whitgift, Archbishop Tenison's School, Ashburton Community School and Oval Road Primary.
Three hundred years ago Addiscombe was a rural area. Its main industries were farming and brick-making. Clay deposits at Woodside provided the raw materials for the latter.
In 1702, 'Addiscombe Place' was built to John Vanbrugh's design. He was best known for Blenheim Palace and Castle Howard and was a prime exponent of the English Baroque style. The house was built on a site which is now the corner of Outram Road and Mulberry Lane. It replaced a fine Elizabethan mansion. Which was once the seat of Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool.

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Addiscombe (ward)
Addiscombe is a ward in the London Borough of Croydon, covering much of the Addiscombe and East Croydon areas of London in the United Kingdom. It extends from East Croydon railway station towards Woodside Green but does not actually cover the retail centre of Addiscombe, which is the neighbouring Ashburton ward.
The ward currently forms part of the Croydon Central constituency, which is one of the most marginal in the country, 75 votes separated the Conservatives and Labour.
The ward returns three councillors every four years to Croydon Council. At the London local elections 2006 Russell Jackson, Andrew Price, and Maria Garcia de la Huerta were elected to the council. All of them were running as Conservative Party candidates. A surprising result happened in 2006 when the Green Party candidate got more votes than the Liberal Democrat.
Coordinates: 51°22′52″N 0°04′52″W / 51.381°N 0.081°W / 51.381; -0.081

wn.com/Addiscombe_(ward)
Addiscombe Line
The Addiscombe Line in south east London, United Kingdom ran between Elmers End (London Borough of Bromley) and Addiscombe (London Borough of Croydon).
The line was built by the South Eastern Railway (SER) as part of its extensive competition with London, Brighton and South Coast Railway (LBSCR). The line was electrified by the Southern Railway in February 1926 at 660 V (later 750 V) DC third rail.
The line closed in 1997 for the new Tramlink line from Elmers End and Beckenham Junction to Wimbledon
Coordinates: 51°22′52″N 0°04′48″W / 51.381°N 0.080°W / 51.381; -0.080

wn.com/Addiscombe_Line
Addiscombe tram stop
Coordinates: 51°22′48″N 0°04′24″W / 51.379872°N 0.073222°W / 51.379872; -0.073222 Addiscombe tram stop is a light rail stop in the London Borough of Croydon in the southern suburbs of London.
The tram stop is served by Tramlink routes:
Bus stops adjacent to the tram stop provide interchange with the following bus services (as of December 2010):
The tram stop is located between Bingham Road and Lower Addiscombe Road, on a section of line which follows the trackbed of the former Woodside and South Croydon Railway. However the former railway was on an embankment at this point and crossed over both roads on bridges. During construction of Tramlink, the embankment was removed, the bridges replaced with level crossings and the tram stop built at street level.
The tram stop is built on the site of Bingham Road Halt on the Woodside and South Croydon Railway which was closed in 1915. A new station Bingham Road opened in 1935 was situated on the other (south) side of Bingham Road but closed in 1983. The same railway's Addiscombe station was located on a branch line, about 500 metres to the west.

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Ashburton (ward)
Ashburton is a ward in the London Borough of Croydon, in London in the United Kingdom. The ward is wider than the Ashburton area, covering the main retail area of Addiscombe, the Stroud Green, Tollgate and Longheath Garden estates, and large parts of northern Shirley.
The ward currently forms part of the Croydon Central constituency, which is one of the most marginal in the country, 75 votes separating the Conservatives and Labour.
The ward returns three councillors every four years to Croydon Council. At the London local elections 2006 Lindsay Frost, Eddy Arram, and Avril Slipper were elected to the council. All of them were running as Conservative Party candidates.
Coordinates: 51°23′06″N 0°03′25″W / 51.385°N 0.057°W / 51.385; -0.057

wn.com/Ashburton_(ward)
Ashburton, London
Coordinates: 51°23′16″N 0°04′03″W / 51.387849°N 0.067509°W / 51.387849; -0.067509
Ashburton is a small neighbourhood in the London Borough of Croydon neighbouring South Norwood, Shirley, Addiscombe and Woodside. The area is mostly home to residential houses and flats. Most in the area would describe themselves as living in Shirley or Addiscombe.
Ashburton was named after Ashburton House, one of the three big houses in the Addiscombe area. Ashburton Park was opened on the site of Stroud Green House, which was later developed into a boys’ home and convent. The former Ashburton Library was housed in the convent’s chapel and dormitory buildings. It is now a listed building but the library is part of the new Ashburton Learning Village round the corner.
The area’s only claim to national fame came in 1866 when part of Stroud Green Farm was leased as a race course and for some years crowds flocked to the area on race days. Woodside railway station, opened in 1871, owes its existence to these crowds. It was so constructed that horses could be brought by rail to the course. The race course closed in 1890 but the station continued in service until the arrival of tram services.

wn.com/Ashburton,_London
Beaulieu Heights
Beaulieu Heights is an extensive woodland area between South Norwood and Upper Norwood, London. It is managed by the London Borough of Croydon. It's located between South Norwood Hill and Auckland Road with Auckland Rise to the north and Tummonds Gardens to the south. There are pedestrian entrances from South Norwood Hill and Auckland Rise. The name is locally pronounced /ˈbjuːlə/, as if spelled "Beulah" like the nearby Beulah Hill, and not like the French word or the town of Beaulieu, Hampshire.
South Norwood Hill was formerly Beulah Hill or Beggar's Hill, the latter name probably arising from the gypsies who frequented the Great North Wood.
During August 1976 when there was a very hot summer over 1-acre (4,000 m²) of the Oak woodland was destroyed by fire. This area was subsequently cleared and reinstated and the plants and animals which thrive in the woodland soon started to re-colonize the ground.
Recently a conservation group called The Friends of Beaulieu Heights has been formed to improve accessibility. Plans to plant a new orchard & repair the paths have already begun.

wn.com/Beaulieu_Heights
Blenheim Palace
Blenheim Palace (/ˈblɛnəm/) (pronounced "Blen-im") is a monumental stately home situated in Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England. It is the seat of the Dukes of Marlborough. The palace, one of England's largest houses, was built between 1705 and circa 1724. UNESCO recognised the palace as a World Heritage Site in 1987.
The palace's construction was originally intended to be a gift to John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough from a grateful nation in return for military triumph against the French and Bavarians at the Battle of Blenheim. However, it soon became the subject of political infighting, which led to Marlborough's exile, the fall from power of his duchess, and irreparable damage to the reputation of the architect Sir John Vanbrugh.
Designed in the rare, and short-lived, English Baroque style, architectural appreciation of the palace is as divided today as it was in the 1720s. It is unique in its combined usage as a family home, mausoleum and national monument. The palace is also notable as the birthplace and ancestral home of Prime Minister Sir Winston Churchill.

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Broad Green, London
Coordinates: 51°23′12″N 0°06′25″W / 51.3866°N 0.107°W / 51.3866; -0.107
Broad Green is a small residential and retail area of the London Borough of Croydon in London. The area was centred on a triangular green space bounded by shops and houses, which was subsequently developed upon at the end of the 19th century. The main landmark of the area, the Safari Cinema, was demolished in recent years.
Most of West Croydon is in an electoral ward called "Broad Green", hence Broad Green library is some distance away from the traditional Broad Green area.

wn.com/Broad_Green,_London
Charing Cross
Coordinates: 51°30′26″N 0°07′39″W / 51.5073°N 0.12755°W / 51.5073; -0.12755
Charing Cross denotes the junction of Strand, Whitehall and Cockspur Street, just south of Trafalgar Square in central London, England. It is named after the now demolished Eleanor cross that stood there, in what was once the hamlet of Charing. The site of the cross is now occupied by an equestrian statue of King Charles I. Since the second half of the 18th century Charing Cross has been seen as the centre of London. It is the primary of the central datum points for measuring distances from London along with the London Stone, Hicks Hall and the doors of St Mary-le-Bow church.
"Erect a rich and stately carved cross, Whereon her statue shall with glory shine; And henceforth see you call it Charing Cross." George Peele The Famous Chronicle of King Edward the First (1593)
The name of the hamlet of Charing is derived from the old English word "cierring", referring to the nearby bend in the River Thames.
The addition of the name "Cross" to the area's name originates from the Eleanor cross erected in 1291–94 by King Edward I as a memorial to his wife, Eleanor of Castile, and placed between the former hamlet of Charing and the entrance to the Royal Mews of the Palace of Whitehall (today the top of Whitehall on the south side of Trafalgar Square).

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Coombe, Croydon
Coordinates: 51°21′48″N 0°04′11″W / 51.3633°N 0.0696°W / 51.3633; -0.0696
Coombe is a place in the London Borough of Croydon, not far from central Croydon.
Coombe is located between the green spaces of Shirley (Addington) Hills, Lloyd Park, Ballards and Coombe Wood. It is unusual in this part of South London as it has barely been urbanised and has retained its collection of large houses fairly intact. Its rural character is maintained by the woodland aspect of the road and an old cattle trough at the junction of Coombe Lane and Oaks Road. Tramlink, however, runs through Coombe. Coombe Lane, the continuation of Coombe Road, is the principal road. Conduit Lane is an ancient unpaved route that is now a woodland path.
There was an estate at Coombe as far back as 1221, recorded as being held by Richard of Coombe. In Elizabethan times, it was known as Broad Coombe. In the 17th century, it was owned by the brothers of William Harvey, who first described the circulation of blood.

wn.com/Coombe,_Croydon
Coulsdon
Coordinates: 51°19′16″N 0°08′19″W / 51.3211°N 0.1386°W / 51.3211; -0.1386
Coulsdon (/ˈkuːlzdən/, traditionally pronounced 'Colesdon') is a town on the southernmost boundary of the London Borough of Croydon. It is surrounded by the Metropolitan Green Belt of the Farthing Down, Coulsdon Common and Kenley Common. The modern area designated Coulsdon comprises Old Coulsdon, which was the older and first settlement, and Smitham Bottom, which grew substantially with the coming of the railways.
Coulsdon is a small suburban district in South London, England. It has a strong and vibrant local history, which includes Saxon burial mounds and an Iron Age Field System on Farthing Downs, an ancient church recorded in the Domesday book, Marlpit, a former industrial chalk quarry, and the former Cane Hill Mental Hospital (a site currently under development). Appearing in the Domesday Book as Colesdone it boasted one church and rendered £7 to Chertsey Abbey. Its only other Domesday assets were 3½ hide, 7 ploughs, and woodland worth 3 hogs.

wn.com/Coulsdon
CR postcode area
Coordinates: 51°21′22″N 0°05′56″W / 51.356°N 0.099°W / 51.356; -0.099
The CR postcode area, also known as the Croydon postcode area, is a group of nine postcode districts in England, which are subdivisions of eight post towns. The majority of these postcode districts cover part of South London, although CR3 and CR6 cover both places in South London and places in Surrey.
The main sorting office is in Croydon, and the area served includes parts of the London Borough of Croydon and the London Borough of Merton. Part of the Tandridge district of Surrey is covered by parts of the CR3 and CR6 postcode districts.
Croydon was the second town outside London to have experimental postcodes introduced in 1966 (Norwich having been the first). The system originally introduced in Croydon defined the postcode area CRO (letter 'O'), while Norwich used NOR. The postcode experiment was successful, but it was decided that the first part of a postcode should be two letters and a number, so NOR became NR1. However, to save people in Croydon having to change their postcodes, Royal Mail changed CRO to CR0 (digit '0'). As Croydon therefore had the CR0 postcode for its central area, the CR1 postcode was never subsequently introduced, making CR the only postcode area with a district 0 that does not also have a district 1. Another lasting consequence of the experiment is that the CR9 district has only ever been allocated to large users in Croydon – the only UK post town to have all its ordinary and high-volume addresses segregated non-geographically.

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Croydon
Coordinates: 51°22′22″N 0°06′36″W / 51.3727°N 0.1099°W / 51.3727; -0.1099
Croydon is a large town in South London, England, located within the London Borough of Croydon to which it gives its name. It is situated 9.5 miles (15.3 km) south of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 11 metropolitan centres in Greater London.
Croydon is located on the natural transport corridor between London and England's south coast, just to the north of two gaps in the North Downs, one followed by the route of the A23 Brighton Road from Purley to Merstham and the other followed by the A22 from Purley to the M25 Godstone interchange.
Historically a part of Surrey, at the time of the Norman conquest of England Croydon had a church, a mill and around 365 inhabitants (as recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086). Croydon expanded during the Middle Ages as a market town and a centre for charcoal production, leather tanning and brewing. The Surrey Iron Railway from Croydon to Wandsworth opened in 1803 and was the world's first public horse-drawn railway, which later developed into an important means of transport – facilitating Croydon's growth as a commuter town for the City of London and beyond. By the early 20th century, Croydon was an important industrial area, known for car manufacture, metal working and its airport. In the mid 20th century these sectors were replaced by retailing and service economy, brought about by massive redevelopment which saw the rise of office blocks and the Whitgift shopping centre. Croydon was amalgamated into Greater London in 1965. Road traffic is now diverted away from a largely pedestrianised town centre, but its main railway station, East Croydon, is still a major hub within the national railway transport system. The town is expected to have its urban planning changed as part of Croydon Vision 2020.

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Croydon Airport
Croydon Airport (ICAO: EGCR) was an airport in South London which straddled the boundary between what are now the London boroughs of Croydon and Sutton. It was the main airport for London before it was replaced by Northolt Aerodrome, London Heathrow Airport and London Gatwick Airport. The terminal building and entrance lodge are Grade II listed buildings.
Much of the site has been built over, but some of the terminal buildings near Purley Way (the A23) are still visible, clearly identifiable as to their former purpose. The former terminal building is called Airport House, and the former control tower houses a visitors' centre.
A De Havilland Heron (a small propeller-driven British airliner of the 1950s), is displayed outside Airport House on struts flanking the entry path (as of November 2009). The Heron is painted as G-AOXL of Morton Air Services, which was the aircraft that flew the last passenger flight from Croydon on 30 September 1959. A Tiger Moth in RAF training scheme livery is suspended within the preserved booking hall, which functions as a dining room when required. A memorial to those lost in the Battle of Britain stands slightly to the south.

wn.com/Croydon_Airport
Croydon Clocktower
Croydon Clocktower on Katharine Street in Croydon contains the Museum of Croydon, the Riesco Gallery with a collection of Chinese pottery and ceramics, a café and bar. The museum includes exhibits about the important black composer Samuel Coleridge-Taylor (1875–1912) who lived most of his life in Croydon.
The centre is owned and run by Croydon Council, and also houses Croydon's Central Library. The building links into the Town Hall and some areas of the building, most notably the Braithwaite Hall, are part of the original town hall and library complex, built in 1892–1896 to a design by Charles Henman Jun. The Clocktower is the tower of the Town Hall. New buildings were built alongside the Town Hall and were opened by Queen Elizabeth II in 1994.
The Clocktower also incorporates a Youth Ambassadors group, aimed at bringing more young people to the Clocktower. The Clocktower also used to include the David Lean Cinema, for art house and independent films, and the Braithwaite Hall, which was used for concerts, theatre and children's shows, until 2011 when its funding was cut by the Council, and it lost its Arts Council RFO status.

wn.com/Croydon_Clocktower
Croydon Palace
Croydon Palace, in Croydon, now part of south London, was the summer residence of the Archbishop of Canterbury for over 500 years. Regular visitors included Henry III and Queen Elizabeth I. Now known as 'Old Palace', the buildings are still in use as the Old Palace School, an independent girls' school of the Whitgift Foundation.
The Manor of Croydon was connected with the Archbishop of Canterbury from at least the late Saxon period, and records of buildings date back to before 960. The Palace as it now exists is a group of largely 15th and 16th century buildings, "an aggregate of buildings of different castes and ages", as Archbishop Herring found it in 1754. The 15th-century Great Hall is thought to have been installed by Archbishop Stafford (d. 1452), with a late-14th-century two-storey porch and a vaulted ceiling to the lower chamber. The hall interior has a rich 16th-century timber roof and windows with interesting features such as the late Gothic interior porch. The Great Hall was partially remodelled in the 17th century by archbishops Laud and Juxon, who also rebuilt the chapel.

wn.com/Croydon_Palace
Croydon Vision 2020
Croydon Vision 2020 is a regeneration programme by the London Borough of Croydon for the centre of Croydon in South London. The original study was carried out in 1999 by EDAW and is being taken forward through the Local Development Framework process. The programme seeks to affect the urban planning of Croydon extensively and promote Croydon as hub of living, retailing, culture and business in South London and South East England. It was also highlighted by architect Will Alsop's 'Third City' work. Private developers have responded to this initiative and currently £3.5 billion has been committed to consented and proposed development projects with more in the pipeline. The Council is now working with the Mayor of London on the Croydon Opportunity Area. An Opportunity Area Planning Framework (OAPF) has been proposed for the town centre to coordinate this investment. Work is underway on six masterplans underpinning the preparation of this framework. These are: East Croydon, West Croydon, Mid Croydon, College Green, Wellesley Road, and Old Town. More information can be found at the Council's 'Third City' website [1]. The website also includes information on the regeneration of Wandle Park (one of central Croydon's three key greenspaces).

wn.com/Croydon_Vision_2020
David Lean Cinema
The David Lean Cinema is a small cinema built in the 1990s to honour the director David Lean who was born in the town. It was located in Croydon, London on Katharine Street. It is centrally situated within the Croydon Clocktower arts complex which also includes the Museum of Croydon and Croydon Central Library.
The David Lean Cinema is described as a small, intimate, art house-style cinema which showcases the best of British film and World cinema as well as classic re-releases and recent favourites. After 16 years the cinema closed on April 21st 2011. The cinema is now located in the Fairfield Halls, Croydon.
Coordinates: 51°22′20″N 0°05′56″W / 51.3721°N 0.0990°W / 51.3721; -0.0990

wn.com/David_Lean_Cinema
Duppas Hill
Duppas Hill is a park, road and surrounding residential area in Waddon, near Croydon in Greater London (and historically in Surrey). It is thought to be named after a family called 'Dubber' or 'Double'.
Duppas Hill has a long history of sport and recreation. It is said that jousting took place there in medieval times and the story goes that Lord William de Warenne was treacherously slain there during a joust in 1286.
Duppas Hill was a major cricket venue in the 18th century and is believed to have been used for major matches by the Croydon Cricket Club as early as 1707 when Croydon played the London Club.
Its use in 1731 is mentioned in H T Waghorn's Cricket Scores 1730-1773, and in two subsequent matches between Croydon and London.
The last mention as a major venue is in 1767 when the nearby Caterham club, managed by Henry Rowett, played against Hambledon.
Duppas Hill was the site of the Croydon workhouse. In 1726 the Vestry of Croydon resolved to erect the town's first workhouse at a site on what was then 'Dubber's Hill'. The establishment was open by the end of the following year and governed by a committee of Trustees. In 1836 it became the Croydon Poor Law Union workhouse. The workhouse moved to Thornton Heath in 1866 but the infirmary remained in the Duppas Hill buildings until 1885 and the founding of what became Mayday Hospital close to the new workhouse.

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Elmers End station
Elmers End station is a railway station and tram terminus in Elmers End, South London, England. It is in the London Borough of Bromley, and Travelcard Zone 4 17 km (11 mi) south of London Charing Cross.
The railway through Elmers End was opened by the South Eastern Railway on 1 April 1864 as an extension of the Mid-Kent Line from New Beckenham to Addiscombe; there was a branch, opened on 29 May 1882 to Hayes at this station. The portion of the line to Addiscombe, which was originally named Croydon (Addiscombe Road), was closed in 1997 when Tramlink took over much of the trackbed from Elmers End.
The Hayes line service on the suburban commuter railway line between Hayes and London Charing Cross through Elmers End is still in use. The station is on Elmers End Road (A214), at the north-east corner of South Norwood Country Park.
One former railway platform is now the terminus for Tramlink route 1 services to central Croydon.
Monday to Saturday daytimes there is a train every 15 minutes towards Central London either to Cannon Street or Charing Cross and to Hayes in the other direction. Evenings and Sundays there is a half-hourly service in each direction. Trams depart from the station every 12 minutes; this service falls to four trams per hour during the early morning and evenings. Each tram travels towards Croydon town centre and West Croydon tram stop, before travelling back to Elmers End.

wn.com/Elmers_End_station
England
England ⁱ/ˈɪŋɡlənd/ is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, while the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separate it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period, but it takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in AD 927, and since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century, has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world. The English language, the Anglican Church, and English law—the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world—developed in England, and the country's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation. England's Royal Society laid the foundations of modern experimental science.

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Fairfield Halls
Fairfield Hall is an arts centre in Croydon, London, England and opened in 1962. It contains a concert hall, the Ashcroft Theatre (named after local Peggy Ashcroft), the Arnhem Gallery civic hall (Croydon is twinned with Arnhem) and an art gallery.
The large concert hall is frequently used for BBC recordings. The Halls are the home of the London Mozart Players, whose principal guest conductor is flautist, Sir James Galway. Many famous faces have appeared at the Fairfield Halls, including Traffic (who recorded a live album in the halls), Family (who recorded the first side of their album, Anyway in the halls) and The Nice (who recorded their album, Five Bridges in the halls).
It is frequently used by local schools as the venue for their annual choral concerts.
The halls are built on the site of Croydon's historic fair field, and above disused railway cuttings which used to link the main London to Brighton railway to Croydon Central Station in what is now Queen's Gardens.
Fairfield Halls has also been used for British professional wrestling for many years, with various cards having been featured on ITV's World of Sport in the 70s and 80s.

wn.com/Fairfield_Halls
Fairfield, Croydon
Fairfield is a ward in the London Borough of Croydon, covering most of the Croydon area of London in the United Kingdom. The ward currently forms part of Gavin Barwell MP's Croydon Central constituency.
The ward returns three councillors every four years to Croydon Council. At the Croydon Council election 2006, David Fitze, Vidhi Mohan and Sue Winborn were elected to the council. All of them stood as Conservative Party candidates. The turnout in the ward was similar to others in the area.
Fairfield contains two distinct areas: Croydon town centre to the west with its retail and office core; and Park Hill and the Whitgift Estate to the east which is mostly 20th century housing bordering Lloyd Park. Also found in the ward are Ruskin House, the headquarters of the Croydon Labour Party, and the Fairfield Halls concert hall and arts centre. The Vanguard Way passes along the Fairfield Path. The ward contains the tallest building in the borough, Altitude 25.
Coordinates: 51°22′15″N 0°05′15″W / 51.3709°N 0.0875°W / 51.3709; -0.0875

wn.com/Fairfield,_Croydon
Forestdale, London
Coordinates: 51°20′42″N 0°02′16″W / 51.3450°N 0.0377°W / 51.3450; -0.0377
Forestdale is a village in southeast London, UK, part of the London Borough of Croydon. It is located to the east of Selsdon, and to the west of Addington. The main building development of the village, commenced in the late 1960s and completed in the mid 70s, took place on what was previously open ground, containing a number of smallholdings. Forestdale is linked to Croydon via Addington by Featherbed Lane which skirts the suburb on one side.
The distinctive feature of the village consists of cul-de-sacs running off four main roads, the cul-de-sacs being subdivided into several 'neighbourhoods'. All houses within a cul-de-sac are of the same style, but differ from other cul-de-sacs in style and materials, such as weatherboarding, brick colour and arrangement, and so uniformity of style is achieved within one cul-de-sac but differs from all others.
One more mark of distinction was the award-winning introduction in 1972, by the construction firm, Wates Group, of solar heating panels in three houses in one of the areas.

wn.com/Forestdale,_London
Great North Wood
Coordinates: 51°25′35″N 0°04′38″W / 51.426507°N 0.077161°W / 51.426507; -0.077161
The Great North Wood was a natural oak forest that covered most of the area of raised ground starting some four miles (6 km) south of central London, covering the Sydenham Ridge and the southern reaches of the River Effra and its tributaries. At its full extent, the wood's boundaries stretched almost as far as Croydon and as far north as Camberwell.
Very little of the original woodland remains, but today's suburban placenames that contain the contraction Norwood are a reminder of the former woodland nature of the area, and include South Norwood, Upper Norwood, West Norwood (known as Lower Norwood until 1885). Other local names that reflect its past include Woodside, Gipsy Hill, Forest Hill, the Beulah Spa Tavern, Whitehorse Lane, and the Thurlow Arms.
The name Norwood stems from its links to Croydon.
The earliest surviving mention of the wood dates from assize records in 1272, and it was known to be owned by the Whitehorse family during the reign of King Edward III. When Oliver Cromwell seized it from the Archbishop of Canterbury it was measured to cover 830 acres (3.4 km²), but held only 9,200 oaken pollards. Much timber was taken from the woodlands for use in the Royal Dockyard at Deptford as well for charcoal burning and building purposes.

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Greater London
Greater London is the top-level administrative division of England covering London. It was created in 1965 and spans the City of London and the 32 London boroughs. This territory has the same boundaries as the London Government Office Region and the London European Parliament constituency. The region has by far the highest GVA per capita in the United Kingdom. It covers 1,572 km² (607 sq mi) and had a 2009 mid-year estimated population of 7,753,600. The term Greater London was in use before 1965 to refer to a variously defined area, larger than the County of London and often similar to the Metropolitan Police District.
In addition to its administrative and statistical functions, Greater London (excluding the City of London) is one of the 48 ceremonial counties of England, and is under the Greater London Lieutenancy.
Instead of forming a single political unit, London is divided into the small, interior City of London and the much wider Greater London. This arrangement has come about because as the area of London grew and absorbed neighbouring settlements, a series of administrative reforms did not fully amalgamate the City of London with the metropolitan area, and its unique political structure was retained. Outside the limited boundaries of the old city, a variety of arrangements governed the wider area since 1855, culminating with the creation of the Greater London administrative area in 1965.

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Hamsey Green
Coordinates: 51°19′09″N 0°03′48″W / 51.319035°N 0.063420°W / 51.319035; -0.063420

Hamsey Green is a place on the plateau of the North Downs between the villages of Sanderstead to the north and Warlingham to the south. It is split almost across the centre east and west with the southern part in the Tandridge district of Surrey. The most northerly parts of Hamsey Green are in the London Borough of Croydon.
The village stretches along the B269 Limpsfield Road with typical suburban houses and a relatively large parade with several restaurants, Co-operative convenience stores and other shops. The northern border of the village with Sanderstead is Wentworth Way, which marks the edge of the former Hamsey Green Farm estate that was sold off for housing in the 1920s. The The Good Companions is a large public house on the corner with Tithepit Shaw Lane and with the parade, is on the Croydon side of the border; to the south in Surrey, Hamsey Green is mainly residential with a primary and a secondary school. The local Anglican church is St Antony's, built in 1957 and part of Sanderstead parish.

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Kenley
Coordinates: 51°19′27″N 0°05′49″W / 51.3242°N 0.0969°W / 51.3242; -0.0969
Kenley is a district in the south of the London Borough of Croydon. It borders Purley, Coulsdon, Riddlesdown, Caterham and Whyteleafe. Kenley is situated 13 miles south of Charing Cross. The 2001 census showed Kenley having a population of 13,525.
Significant portions of Kenley lie within the Metropolitan Green Belt. In particular, the south of Kenley is dominated by the open green spaces of Kenley Common and Kenley Aerodrome.
A comprehensive history of Kenley is found in the Bourne Society's 'Kenley Village History'.
For centuries, Kenley was part of Coulsdon Manor which covered the whole area now known as Coulsdon, Old Coulsdon, Purley and Kenley. As with most of this area, Kenley was primarily farm land, with a few big houses and their estates.
The official opening of the railway on 4 August 1856 transformed Kenley. The new railway prompted urban development. By the end of the Victorian era, Kenley had assumed its own identity. Magnificent gentlemen's houses in substantial grounds were constructed during the 1860s. These houses gave Kenley its distinctive appearance on its western hillside. More modest housing and shops were built along the Godstone Road in the 1880s. Finally, the compact housing of the lower lying Roke area was constructed toward the end of the 19th century.

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London
London ⁱ/ˈlʌndən/ is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who named it Londinium. London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
London is a leading global city, with strengths in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism and transport all contributing to its prominence. It is the world's leading financial centre alongside New York City and has the fifth-largest city GDP in the world (and the largest in Europe). London has been described as a world cultural capital. It was the world's most visited city during 2011 and London Heathrow is the world's busiest airport by number of international passengers. London's 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education in Europe. In 2012 London will become the first city to host the modern Summer Olympic Games three times.

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London Fire Brigade
The London Fire Brigade (LFB) is the statutory fire and rescue service for London.
Founded in 1865, it is the largest of the fire services in the United Kingdom and the fourth-largest in the world (after the Tokyo Fire Department, New York City Fire Department and Paris Fire Brigade) with nearly 7,000 staff, including 5,800 operational firefighters based in 112 fire stations.
Ron Dobson is the Commissioner for Fire and Emergency Planning, which includes the position of Chief Fire Officer. Dobson replaced Sir Ken Knight in 2007; Knight had been Commissioner since 2003. Statutory responsibility for the running of the LFB lies with the London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority.
In 2008/09 the LFB received 229,308 999 calls, of which it mobilised to 138,385. These included 29,215 fires, of which 13,841 were of a serious nature, making it one of the busiest fire services in the world. In the same period, it received 6,022 hoax calls, the highest number of any UK fire service, but only mobilised to 2,653 of them.

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Mitcham Common
Coordinates: 51°23′37″N 0°8′49″W / 51.39361°N 0.14694°W / 51.39361; -0.14694
Mitcham Common or Seven Islands is 182 hectares (460 acres) of common land situated in South London. It is predominantly in the London borough of Merton, with parts straddling the borders with Sutton and Croydon.
In feudal times, the poorest, least productive soil in a parish was designated as common land available for parishioners to graze animals and cut turf and timber for fuel. Members of this community with these rights were known as commoners. However, in the 19th century when material for road building became a valuable resource, the old grazing land was replaced by a series of pits for gravel extraction.
These works reached such a proportion that public opposition, led by George Parker Bidder QC, culminated in the protection of the common under the Metropolitan Commons Act and the cost of its maintenance was split between the parish councils of Mitcham, Beddington, Wallington and Croydon according to the proportion of the common within each parish boundary.

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Monks Orchard
Coordinates: 51°22′54″N 0°03′15″W / 51.3818°N 0.0541°W / 51.3818; -0.0541
Monks Orchard is a place on the edge of the London Borough of Croydon, England. It is a town situated about 10 miles (16.1 km) south south-east of Charing Cross.^{[citation needed]}
Compared with today, Monks Orchard was sparsely populated when it was established in 1923. Monks Orchard is not named after a monastery in the area, but commemorates a family named Monk, from Addington, who owned some of the land at one time. When Lewis Lloyd acquired the land and had a mansion built in 1854, he adopted the name of a local wood, "Monks Orchard", for the whole estate and this in turn became the name of the area when later developed in the 1920s and 1930s.
Lewis Lloyd's Monks Orchard House was one of the most substantial mansions in the Croydon area. It had 19 bedrooms, a billiard room, library, and numerous other rooms. The Dining Hall alone was over 36 ft (11 m) x 21 ft (6.4 m) The estate covered a huge area, 1,540 acres (6.2 km²), stretching northwards from the Wickham Road almost to Elmers End, southwards nearly as far as Addington, and eastwards across the Borough boundary into West Wickham. It also included several other major residences, such as Spring Park, farms, including Eden Park, Ham Farm, Shirley Farm, Spring Park Farm and Oak Lodge Farm, two dozen or so cottages, The Rising Sun, The Cricketers and the White Hart, and Beckenham Golf Course.

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Museum of Croydon
Coordinates: 51°22′20″N 0°05′58″W / 51.3722°N 0.0994°W / 51.3722; -0.0994
The Museum of Croydon (formerly Croydon Lifetimes Museum) is a museum located inside the Croydon Clocktower arts facility. It is in Central Croydon, London Borough of Croydon, England. The museum is stated to be a lifetime museum, which showcases historical and stylish artifacts which were derived from the borough. The Museum is part of Croydon Council.
The museum opened on the second floor of the Croydon Clocktower in 2006 and entrance to the galleries is free. Many of the exhibitions at the museum are hands on.
The Museum of Croydon has a varying range of different aspects of the history of Croydon and the surrounding areas.
The museum even includes things that the local IKEA in Purley Way sold when it first opened, such as furniture and the well-known catalogs.
It also contains rare artefacts from the local football club, Crystal Palace, such as Peter Taylor's contract.
They also have exhibitions for young people to voice and direct their opinion, so many other people can come and see their work.

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New Addington
Coordinates: 51°20′34″N 0°01′00″W / 51.3427°N 0.0167°W / 51.3427; -0.0167
New Addington is an area on the edge of South London in the London Borough of Croydon. It is a large local authority estate surrounded by open countryside, woodland and golf courses. The Prime Meridian crosses the eastern edge of New Addington. Even though it is in Greater London the area is not considered part of the Greater London Urban Area.
Until the 1930s, the area now known as New Addington was farmland and woodland in the southeast of the ancient parish of Addington. The farms were called Castle Hill, Addington Lodge and Fisher's Farms. At the time, central Croydon and London more generally had overcrowded slums causing concern to the authorities. In 1935, the First National Housing Trust purchased 569 acres (2.3 km²) of Fisher's Farm with the intention of erecting a 'Garden Village', with 4,400 houses, shops, two churches, cinema, and village green. The Chairman of the Trust was Charles Boot, hence the earliest part of New Addington is sometimes called The Boot's Estate.

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Norbury
Coordinates: 51°24′33″N 0°06′30″W / 51.4092°N 0.1083°W / 51.4092; -0.1083
Norbury is a town in the London Borough of Croydon, also crossing the London Borough of Merton. It shares the postcode London SW16 with nearby Streatham. Norbury is 6.7 miles (10.8 km) south of Charing Cross.
The name Norbury derives from North Burh, (North Borough). Some local histories note that this was due to Norbury's position on the northern boundary of the former Manor of Croydon. In fact it takes its name from a split in the borough of Bensham, one of the former seven boroughs of Croydon. 'Northbenchesham' became the Northborough, then Norbury. 'Southbenchesham' later became Thornton Heath.
Norbury, like Streatham and Croydon, lies on the London to Brighton Way Roman road, the northern part of which has become the A23 road. At Hepworth Road the intact road, 32 feet wide, was excavated in 1961. Remnants of a metalled ford across the stream were found further south at Hermitage Bridge on the River Graveney which forms part of the boundary between Norbury and Streatham, before flowing on to the River Wandle, then the River Thames.

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Norwood New Town
Coordinates: 51°25′12″N 0°05′31″W / 51.42°N 0.092°W / 51.42; -0.092
Norwood New Town is a largely residential former working class enclave within the larger district of Upper Norwood in Southeast London. It is within the London Borough of Croydon. In common with its neighbouring districts of West Norwood, South Norwood and Upper Norwood, it is named after the contraction of the Great North Wood which once occupied this area.
Norwood New Town was built from 1840 as purposely one of the main working class areas of early Norwood (the main others were South Norwood and the 'Triangle' of West Norwood). It was built as a walled estate to separate its working class inhabitants from the upper class country houses and farm land which at that time made up the district. Its construction commenced before the rebuilding of the Crystal palace on Norwood Hill but it became home to many of the workers employed on the construction of the Palace.
The walled in terraced streets formed a particularly close community which occupied an area south of Central Hill. The enclosed streets were:-

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RAF Kenley
The former Royal Air Force Station Kenley, more commonly known as RAF Kenley (now known as Kenley Aerodrome) was a station of the Royal Flying Corps in World War I and the RAF in World War II. It is located near Kenley, London, England.
Its active phase commenced in 1917, and ceased in 1959 when RAF Fighter Command left the aerodrome. The airfield at Kenley now hosts 615 Volunteer Gliding Squadron (VGS), a Royal Air Force gliding squadron of the Air Cadet Organisation.
During World War II RAF Kenley was one of the three main fighter stations (Kenley, Croydon and Biggin Hill) responsible for the air defence of London. It was during the crucial days of the Battle of Britain that these three RAF stations came into their own, fighting off the overwhelming might of the German Luftwaffe.
RAF Kenley suffered its worst damage in an attack on 18 August 1940. While 15 September is considered by many to be the climax of the Battle of Britain, 18 August is often cited as the costliest or hardest day — the British lost 68 aircraft and the Germans lost 69. At Kenley, all ten hangars and twelve aircraft, including ten Hurricanes, were destroyed and the runways badly cratered. The Sector Operations Room had to be moved to an emergency location away from the airfield.

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Roundshaw
Roundshaw is a housing estate and park in south Wallington on the eastern edge of the London Borough of Sutton. Grid Ref TQ302633. It was built on part of the site of the former Croydon Airport, and occupying roughly the area on which once stood the buildings of the first Croydon Aerodrome (the 'Plough Lane' aerodrome) which was demolished in 1928. The name comes from Roundshaw Park on the edge of the site, itself named from a round 'shaw' or grove of trees, which is still a feature. The estate is a compact one, housing some 8,000 people. It was begun in 1965, with the first tenants moving in during August 1967. Dwellings on the estate are heated from a communal boiler house. It has its own shops, a library, and a community centre; and formerly had its own public house. Roundshaw is often used as a setting for the ITV drama, The Bill.
A church, opened in 1981, is used by both the Church of England and the Free Churches, which, before it was built, had collaborated in a churchless religious venture known as the 'Roundshaw Experiment'. A cross set up outside the church is made from a four-bladed propeller, or airscrew, obtained through the Croydon Airport Society. The history of the site was commemorated in various ways, including the naming of roads, and Instone Close, the high-rise block of flats demolished in November 2000, after aircraft, personalities, and firms linked with aviation. One of the schools on the site has been renamed in recent years the Amy Johnson Primary School, after the famous aviator of the 1930s and 40s, the first woman to fly solo to Australia, whose epic flight began at Croydon in May 1930.

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Russia
Russia ⁱ/ˈrʌʃə/ or /ˈrʊʃə/ (Russian: Россия, tr. Rossiya; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijə] ( listen)), also officially known as the Russian Federation (Russian: Российская Федерация, tr. Rossiyskaya Federatsiya; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijskəjə fʲɪdʲɪˈratsɨjə] ( listen)), is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both via Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It also has maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk, and the US state of Alaska by the Bering Strait. At 17,075,400 square kilometres (6,592,800 sq mi), Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than one eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area. Russia is also the eighth most populous nation with 143 million people. It extends across the whole of northern Asia and 40% of Europe, spanning nine time zones and incorporating a wide range of environments and landforms. Russia has the world's largest reserves of mineral and energy resources and is the largest producer of oil and natural gas globally. Russia has the world's largest forest reserves and its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the world's fresh water.

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Sanderstead
Coordinates: 51°20′09″N 0°04′54″W / 51.3358°N 0.0818°W / 51.3358; -0.0818
Sanderstead ( /ˈsɑːndərstɛd/) is a village in London Borough of Croydon, located on high ground at the edge of the built-up area of Greater London. From 1915 to 1965 it formed a parish in the Coulsdon and Purley Urban District of Surrey. Having been a farming community in previous centuries, Sanderstead is now essentially a dormitory village for commuters to central London and Croydon. The Grade I listed All Saints' Church dates from the 13th century but was extensively altered in later periods.Sanderstead station is lower down the hill and has trains to East Croydon and central London, and to East Grinstead and Uckfield.
An Anglo Saxon reference to Sanderstead can be found in the will of Alfred, an ealdorman, which is dated 871.
The village lay within the Anglo-Saxon administrative division of Wallington hundred.
Sanderstead appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as Sandestede. It was held by St Peter's Abbey, Winchester (Hyde Abbey). Its domesday assets were: 5 hides. It had 9 ploughs, wood worth 30 hogs. It rendered £15.

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Sandilands tram stop
Sandilands tram stop is a light rail stop in the London Borough of Croydon in the southern suburbs of London. It serves the residential area along Addiscombe Road to the east of the centre of the town of Croydon.
The tram stop is served by all three Tramlink routes:
Bus stops adjacent to the tram stop provide interchange with the following bus services (as of January 2008):
Immediately to the east of the tram stop, the line descends in cutting to a junction with the trackbed of the former Woodside and South Croydon Railway. Tramlink route 3 diverges to the south along this trackbed, whilst routes 1 and 2 diverge to the north along the same trackbed. To the west of the stop, the line runs alongside Addiscombe Road on a reserved track as far as the junction with Chepstow Road. From Chepstow Road the line runs within Addiscombe Road, sharing road space with buses and local traffic.
The area of Sandilands tram stop was one of the few places where property demolition was needed during the construction of Tramlink, in order to make way for both the stop and the cutting link to the former railway line.

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Selsdon
Coordinates: 51°20′43″N 0°03′13″W / 51.3453°N 0.0535°W / 51.3453; -0.0535
Selsdon is an area located in the southern suburbs of the London Borough of Croydon. The suburb was developed during the inter-war period during the 1920s and 1930s, and is remarkable for its many Art Deco houses. It is also well known for the Selsdon Park Hotel, the venue of a 1970 meeting of the Conservative Shadow Cabinet to settle the party manifesto for the impending general election. Labour Party leader Harold Wilson coined the phrase Selsdon Man to describe the free market approach which was agreed, and the Selsdon Group was later formed within the Conservative Party to campaign for its retention.
One side of the residential area of Selsdon is bordered by Selsdon Wood, and the whole area used to be part of Selsdon Park Estate, once well known as hunting and shooting grounds in the area. In the early 1920s the estate was broken up and divided into smallholdings.
After concerns were raised about the rapid development of the village a committee was formed to ensure that an area of 200 acres (0.81 km²) would be set aside and saved for a nature reserve and bird sanctuary which was opened to the public in 1936 and given to the National Trust after Coulsdon and Purley District Council and the Corporation of Croydon agreed to manage it jointly. Selsdon Wood now consists of five large meadows surrounded by extensive woodland and ancient hedges and it still retains the character of a historical woodland. In the second meadow of the Selsdon Wood area there is a bomb crater, and another in Selsdon recreation ground just inside the woods which are closed off. Much wildlife may be found in the wooded areas of Selsdon such as deer, and more recently parakeets.

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Selsdon Wood
Coordinates: 51°20′18″N 0°02′47″W / 51.3383°N 0.0463°W / 51.3383; -0.0463
Selsdon Wood is a woodland area located in the London Borough of Croydon. The park is owned by the National Trust but managed by the London Borough of Croydon. It is a Local Nature Reserve. The wood has a Friends group - the Friends of Selsdon Wood (FSW) - who have their own website .
Sir Julian Huxley (a zoological scientist) was one of the main backers of the Selsdon Wood Nature Reserve.
Main entrance to the park is off Old Farleigh Road, served by bus stop Forestdale, Selsdon Nature Reserve on London Buses route 409. The London Loop path (Section 4 West Wickham Common to Hamsey Green) runs through the park. The park is fully accessible at all times.
Selsdon Wood facilities include:

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Shirley, London
Coordinates: 51°22′53″N 0°03′15″W / 51.3813°N 0.0543°W / 51.3813; -0.0543
Shirley is a place in the London Borough of Croydon, England. It is a suburban development situated 10 miles (16.1 km) south south-east of Charing Cross.
Until the 1930s Shirley consisted of a few hamlets between farms and the estates of large houses. These included Spring Park, Monks Orchard, Shirley Park and Shirley Oaks, names which are reflected in the names of neighbourhoods today.
Contrary to popular opinion, Monks Orchard is not named after a monastery in the area, but probably commemorates a family named Monk, from Addington, who owned some of the land at one time. When Lewis Lloyd acquired the land and had a mansion built in 1854, he adopted the name of a local wood, "Monks Orchard", for the whole estate.
Lloyd's Monks Orchard House was one of the most substantial mansions in the Croydon area. It had 19 bedrooms, a billiard room, library, and numerous other rooms. The Dining Hall alone was over 36 by 21 ft (11 by 4 m). The estate covered a huge area, 1,540 acres (6.2 km²), stretching northwards from the Wickham Road almost to Elmers End, southwards nearly as far as Addington, and eastwards across the Borough boundary into West Wickham. It also included several other major residences, such as Spring Park; farms, including Eden Park, Ham Farm, Shirley Farm, Spring Park Farm and Oak Lodge Farm; two dozen or so cottages; The Rising Sun, The Cricketers and the White Hart; and Beckenham Golf Course.

wn.com/Shirley,_London
South Croydon
Coordinates: 51°21′12″N 0°05′46″W / 51.3532°N 0.0962°W / 51.3532; -0.0962
South Croydon is a locality in Greater London, the area surrounding the valley south of central Croydon about 1 km in radius, centred on the Red Deer public house on the Brighton Road. It is part of the South Croydon (CR2) post town and in the London Borough of Croydon. It is essentially a dormitory suburb for Croydon and London.
The placename Croydon is recorded as early as 809 and is listed in the 1086 Domesday Book. South Croydon as a distinct area is found much later, in the 19th century, when the area was developed as a residential suburb.
The locality could be considered^[who?] to be bounded to the north and east by the South Croydon (CR2) postal border and to the west and south by the historic Croydon parish border which runs from Conduit Lane to Croham Hurst (crossing Croham Road at the point that Croham Road becomes Croham Valley Road) then across to the railway line, crossing Selsdon Road where it becomes Upper Selsdon Road and Carlton Road where it becomes Mayfield Road. Thereafter the old parish border roughly follows the railway south.

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South London
South London is the southern part of London, England, United Kingdom.
According to the 2011 official Boundary Commission for England definition, South London includes the London boroughs of Bexley, Bromley, Croydon, Greenwich, Kingston, Lambeth, Lewisham, Merton, Southwark, Sutton and Wandsworth.
The River Thames divides Greater London into two parts. The southern part includes the historic central areas of Southwark, Lambeth and Bankside and also maritime Greenwich. The area has only a small section of the London Underground network, but has a much more extensive suburban railway system than North London and is the location of all of London's tram services.
This area is made up of the London boroughs of Bexley, Bromley, Croydon, Greenwich, Kingston, Lambeth, Lewisham, Merton, Richmond, Southwark, Sutton and Wandsworth. This definition is used by the Boundary Commission for England. The London Borough of Richmond upon Thames includes sections on both sides of the River Thames and the boundary commission class the entire district as part of South London, pairing it with Kingston upon Thames for the purposes of devising constituencies.

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South Norwood
Coordinates: 51°23′58″N 0°04′29″W / 51.3995°N 0.0747°W / 51.3995; -0.0747
South Norwood is an urban town and in south London, England, in the London Borough of Croydon. It is a suburban development 7.8 miles (12.5 km) south-east of Charing Cross. South Norwood is an electoral with a resident population in 2001 of just over 14,000. A tributary of the River Wandle, which rises in Merton, ends in South Norwood.
The south-eastern side of the town is dominated by the 125-acre (0.51 km²) country park which opened in 1989. At the other northern end of the town is South Norwood Lake, which was created after the reservoir for the unsuccessful Croydon Canal went out of use. It is used by the Croydon Sailing Club and local anglers who fish for carp, bream and perch.
Together with Norwood New Town, it forms the ward of South Norwood in the local authority of Croydon. There are two secondary schools in the area along with a public leisure centre. The town has a high street which forms part of Selhurst Road which includes a number of banks, estate agents and a coffee house. It is a commuter town, with many residents travelling to either the financial and insurance districts of Croydon or the City of London for employment via the large railway station. The town and surrounding areas are covered by the London SE25 postcode.

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Surrey Street Market
Surrey Street Market is a market that sells mainly meat & vegetables as well as a range of other items through the week in Surrey Street, Croydon, south London.
A market may have existed in Croydon as early as the Anglo-Saxon period, but the earliest certain evidence is from 1236-7, when an isolated account roll refers to stallage fees. A market charter was granted to the town by Robert Kilwardby, Archbishop of Canterbury, in 1276; and further charters were granted in 1314 by Archbishop Walter Reynolds, and (probably) in c.1343 by Archbishop John de Stratford.
The medieval marketplace, perhaps laid out in 1276, occupied the triangle of land now defined by the High Street, Surrey Street, and Crown Hill. To take advantage of the slope of the ground, it seems that the higher and well-drained east side came to be used for corn-trading, and the lower-lying west side (Butcher Row, now Surrey Street) for trading in livestock, meat, and hides. By the later middle ages, however, the open marketplace was becoming infilled with buildings. A building on the east side was bought for use as a market house (mainly for corn-trading) in 1566, and was succeeded by another cornmarket nearby in 1609. The older market house was probably taken over as a general provisions market, and was rebuilt for that purpose (as the so-called Butter Market) in 1708: it continued to be used until 1874.

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Thornton Heath
Coordinates: 51°24′01″N 0°06′31″W / 51.4002°N 0.1086°W / 51.4002; -0.1086
Thornton Heath is a district of south London, England, in the London Borough of Croydon. It is situated 7.2 miles (11.6 km) south-southeast of Charing Cross. The area is known for being rich in Afro-Caribbean heritage and culture.
The nearest places are Mitcham, Croydon, South Norwood, Norbury, Pollards Hill, Selhurst, Upper Norwood and Eastfields.
At Thornton Heath Pond is a London Bus garage. The nearest railway stations are Thornton Heath, Norbury, Norwood Junction and Selhurst. Croydon's Tram system is also just a short walk away, which links to places such as Wimbledon.
Architecturally, Thornton Heath is predominantly Victorian in both its residential and commercial sectors. Within this architectural legacy there still stand until this day a number of imposing, even grand, examples. However, one example which was not to survive was the town's historic Victorian baths, replaced by a more modern sports and leisure centre in 2004. Thankfully of an architectural standard likely to be pleasing to most eyes, the new building now arguably constitutes a significant town-centre landmark. It cost £8 million to build, of which £2.8 million came from the British National Lottery Good Causes Fund through Sport England. The project was supervised by Croydon's Director of Environment, Culture and Public Protection, Steve Halsey. Huntley Cartwright (Chartered Quantity Surveyors) provided a Quantity Surveying Service, and assisted the council in obtaining the Sport England Grant, as well as managing the OJEU process for selecting tenderers. In early option appraisals, consideration was made to whether the existing centre should be refurbished or redeveloped. However, it became clear as work on the ground got under way that the old building would be demolished in its entirety.

wn.com/Thornton_Heath
Tramlink
Tramlink (originally and sometimes still called Croydon Tramlink) is a tramway system in south London in the United Kingdom which began operation in May 2000. The service is operated by London Tramlink, an arm of Transport for London (TfL).
Tramlink serves seven National Rail stations and has one interchange with the London Underground, at Wimbledon station for the District Line, and one with London Overground, at West Croydon for the East London Line; one of the factors leading to its creation was that the area around Croydon has no Underground service.
Tramlink runs on a mixture of street track shared with other traffic, dedicated track in public roads, and off-street track consisting of new rights-of-way, former railway lines, and one section of alignment, though not track, shared with a third rail electrified Network Rail line.
In 1990 Croydon Council with the then London Regional Transport (LRT) put the project to Parliament and the Croydon Tramlink Act 1994 resulted, which gave LRT the power to build and run Tramlink.

wn.com/Tramlink
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea.
The United Kingdom is a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system, with its seat of government in the capital city of London. It is a country in its own right and consists of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. There are three devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in Belfast, Edinburgh and Cardiff, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Associated with the UK, but not constitutionally part of it, are three Crown Dependencies. The United Kingdom has fourteen overseas territories. These are remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in 1922, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land surface and was the largest empire in history. British influence can still be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former territories.

wn.com/United_Kingdom
Upper Norwood
Coordinates: 51°25′11″N 0°05′16″W / 51.4196°N 0.0877°W / 51.4196; -0.0877
Upper Norwood is an elevated area in south London, England within the postcode SE19. It is a residential district largely in the London Borough of Croydon although some parts extend into the London Borough of Lambeth, London Borough of Southwark and the London Borough of Bromley. Upper Norwood borders West Norwood, West Dulwich, South Norwood, Norbury, Anerley and Thornton Heath. Historically it was in the county of Surrey.
Upper Norwood is situated along the London clay ridge known as Beulah Hill. Most housing stock dates from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries with large detached properties on the peak of the ridge and smaller semi-detached and terraced dwelling on its flanks. There are some more modern areas of social housing that date from the 1970s. The hill offers panoramic views northward to central London and southward to central Croydon and the North Downs.
The area is one of the highest in the London area and for centuries was occupied by the Great North Wood, an extensive area of natural oak forest which formed a wilderness close to the southern edge of the ever-expanding city of London. The name 'Norwood' comes from a contraction of the 'North Wood'. Local legend has it that Sir Francis Drake's ship, The Golden Hind, had its timbers cut from trees in this area. The forest was a popular area for Londoners' recreation right up to the nineteenth century when it began to be built over. It was also a haunt of Gypsies with many local street names and pubs recording the link, notably Gipsy Hill. The area still retains large amounts of woodland for an urban situation.

wn.com/Upper_Norwood
Waddon
Coordinates: 51°21′51″N 0°06′45″W / 51.3643°N 0.1125°W / 51.3643; -0.1125
Waddon is a place in the London Borough of Croydon, to the south west of central Croydon on the borders of the London Borough of Sutton. Waddon has an older area with 19th century properties, some even older, close to central Croydon. Further south is a large estate of Council-owned homes and a small number of tower blocks.
Waddon is in the Wandle river valley. Waddon Ponds is a public open space, the ponds in which are one of the sources of the river. There are plans to open up the culverted river once again at various places.
The former Croydon Airport was on the edge of the Waddon area, with the local community consequently suffering badly in the Blitz and subsequent bombing raids in World War II. Land and existing buildings in this area may be found to be subject to 20th century restrictive covenants preventing new construction above a certain height due to the proximity of the former airport, but those restrictions ought to be redundant by now, given that the airport has long since gone.

wn.com/Waddon
Wimbledon, London
Coordinates: 51°25′25″N 0°13′02″W / 51.4235°N 0.2171°W / 51.4235; -0.2171
Wimbledon is a district in the south west area of London, England, located south of Wandsworth, and east of Kingston upon Thames. It is situated within Greater London. It is home to the Wimbledon Tennis Championships and New Wimbledon Theatre, and contains Wimbledon Common, one of the largest areas of common land in London. The residential area is split into two sections known as the "village" and the "town", with the High Street being part of the original medieval village, and the "town" being part of the modern development since the building of the railway station in 1838.
Wimbledon has been inhabited since at least the Iron Age when the hill fort on Wimbledon Common is thought to have been constructed. In 1087 when the Domesday Book was compiled, Wimbledon was part of the manor of Mortlake. The ownership of the manor of Wimbledon changed between various wealthy families many times during its history, and the area also attracted other wealthy families who built large houses such as Eagle House, Wimbledon House and Warren House. The village developed with a stable rural population coexisting alongside nobility and wealthy merchants from the city. In the 18th century the Dog and Fox public house became a stop on the stagecoach run from London to Portsmouth, then in 1838 the London and South Western Railway (L&SWR) opened a station to the south east of the village at the bottom of Wimbledon hill. The location of the station shifted the focus of the town's subsequent growth away from the original village centre.

wn.com/Wimbledon,_London
Woodside Green
Woodside Green is an area and street located in Woodside, London, centred on a village green. The station is located near to Woodside tram stop in the London Borough of Croydon. The green is over 44¾ acres (1.92 hectares).
One of the earliest records of Woodside Green is in an indenture of 1662 which mentions "land lying up on a green called Woodside Green". The Croydon Inclosure Map of 1800 shows an area " Woodside Green".
In 1870, an agent of the Ecclesiastical Commissioner instructed builders to dig out the ground plan of a church at the north eastern end of the land. A local resident saw this as an invasion of a public open space and therefore engaged workmen to backfill the foundations as quickly as they were dug. The Commissioners threatened legal action but eventually the matter was compromised and a site for the proposed church was found elsewhere.
In 1871, a grant of copyhold estate in Woodside was made at the general court baron of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners to the Croydon Local Board of Health upon condition that it should be appropriated by the Board:

wn.com/Woodside_Green
Woodside, London
Coordinates: 51°23′16″N 0°04′03″W / 51.387849°N 0.067509°W / 51.387849; -0.067509
Woodside is a neighbourhood in the London Borough of Croydon located between Addiscombe and South Norwood.
Woodside is a suburban district of residential streets based around Woodside Green, a small sized area of green land. At one end of the green is a war memorial. It is surrounded by residential properties, with the main shopping parade at one end. Portland Road, an important distributor road, leads away from the green towards South Norwood, and has many more shops, restaurants, pubs and a swimming pool. The green still has a somewhat villagey feel with several old houses and cottages around it. Housing is largely Victorian terraces or more recent developments of small flats. There are some attractive pubs including the Joiner's Arms.
Woodside was first mentioned in 1332, one of the older settlements in the area. It is likely to signify 'at the side of the Great North Wood', which gives its name to Norwood, London. Woodside was largely agricultural land, but its heavy soil enabled a brick-making industry to form from 1815. Handley's brickworks' chimneys dominated the area, their hooter being heard all over the locality at lunchtime to signigy the start and finish of the rest period and following their closure in 1974, a new open space known as Brickfield Meadows serves the community. Handley's sold out to Hall & Co who were subsequently taken over by Ready Mixed Concrete prior to closure. (There were two other brickyards in the group - at Newdigate and Ashford - the managing director Jack Milsted was also Founder Chairman of Croydon Amateurs FC from 1953 until 1990 when the club was known as Crodon FC. Woodside Racecourse opened in 1866 on nearby Stroud Green Farm, now the site of Ashburton Community School, closing in 1890.

wn.com/Woodside,_London

D. H. Lawrence
David Herbert Richards Lawrence (11 September 1885 – 2 March 1930) was an English novelist, poet, playwright, essayist, literary critic and painter who published as D. H. Lawrence. His collected works represent an extended reflection upon the dehumanising effects of modernity and industrialisation. In them, Lawrence confronts issues relating to emotional health and vitality, spontaneity, and instinct.
Lawrence's opinions earned him many enemies and he endured official persecution, censorship, and misrepresentation of his creative work throughout the second half of his life, much of which he spent in a voluntary exile which he called his "savage pilgrimage." At the time of his death, his public reputation was that of a pornographer who had wasted his considerable talents. E. M. Forster, in an obituary notice, challenged this widely held view, describing him as, "The greatest imaginative novelist of our generation." Later, the influential Cambridge critic F. R. Leavis championed both his artistic integrity and his moral seriousness, placing much of Lawrence's fiction within the canonical "great tradition" of the English novel. Lawrence is now valued by many as a visionary thinker and significant representative of modernism in English literature.

wn.com/D._H._Lawrence
David Prowse
David Prowse, MBE (born 1 July 1935) is an English former bodybuilder,weightlifter and actor, most widely known for playing the role of Darth Vader in physical form. In Britain, he is also remembered as having played the Green Cross Code man. Prowse is a native of Bristol, where he attended Bristol Grammar School.
Prowse is best known for playing the physical form of Darth Vader in the original Star Wars trilogy.James Earl Jones, however, provided the voice for the character. Prowse spoke the dialogue during the making of the film, and didn't actually know Vader was Luke's father until he saw The Empire Strikes Back in the cinema. Though he was never going to be used as the voice of Darth Vader, he claims he was originally told that he would be seen and heard at the end of Return of the Jedi when Vader's mask was removed. This did not end up happening as actor Sebastian Shaw was brought in instead. However, Lucas claims he wanted a 'darker voice' (Lucas has stated that Darth Vader had to have a deep, reverberating voice) that Prowse could not provide and never intended to use Prowse's voice, which had a West Country accent. In the 2004 documentary, Empire of Dreams, actress Carrie Fisher, who played Princess Leia Organa in the original trilogy films, quipped that they nicknamed Prowse "Darth Farmer" because of his un-intimidating West Country accent. In the lightsaber battle scenes between Vader and Luke Skywalker (Mark Hamill), Prowse, who was not a skilled swordsman, was doubled by the scene's fight-choreographer, the stuntman and fencing coach Bob Anderson (who also taught the sword fighters in The Princess Bride and Lord Of The Rings).

wn.com/David_Prowse
George III
George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 1738 – 29 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of these two countries on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death. He was concurrently Duke and prince-elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg ("Hanover") in the Holy Roman Empire until his promotion to King of Hanover on 12 October 1814. He was the third British monarch of the House of Hanover, but unlike his two Hanoverian predecessors he was born in Britain, spoke English as his first language, and never visited Hanover.
His life and reign, which were longer than those of any previous British monarch, were marked by a series of military conflicts involving his kingdoms, much of the rest of Europe, and places farther afield in Africa, the Americas and Asia. Early in his reign, Great Britain defeated France in the Seven Years' War, becoming the dominant European power in North America and India. However, many of its American colonies were soon lost in the American War of Independence. Further wars against revolutionary and Napoleonic France from 1793 concluded in the defeat of Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815.

wn.com/George_III
Henry Havelock
Major-General Sir Henry Havelock, KCB (5 April 1795 – 24 November 1857) was a British general who is particularly associated with India and his recapture of Cawnpore from rebels during Indian Rebellion of 1857.
Henry Havelock was born at Ford Hall, Bishopwearmouth (now in Sunderland), the son of William Havelock, a wealthy shipbuilder, and Jane, daughter of John Carter, solicitor, of Stockton-on-Tees. He was the second of four brothers, all of whom entered the army. The family moved to Ingress Park, Dartford, Kent, when Henry was still a child, and here his mother died in 1811. From January 1800 until August 1804 Henry attended Dartford Grammar School as a parlour boarder with the Master, Rev John Bradley, after which he was placed with his elder brother in the boarding-house of Dr. Raine, headmaster of Charterhouse School until he was 17. Among his contemporaries at Charterhouse were Connop Thirlwall, George Grote, William Hale, Julius Hare, and William Norris^{[disambiguation needed ]}, the last two being his special friends. Shortly after leaving Charterhouse his father lost his fortune by unsuccessful speculation, sold Ingress Hall, and removed to Clifton.

wn.com/Henry_Havelock
Hope Grant
General Sir James Hope Grant GCB (July 22, 1808 – March 7, 1875), British general, was the fifth and youngest son of Francis Grant of Kilgraston, Perthshire, and brother of Sir Francis Grant, President of the Royal Academy.
He entered the British Army in 1826 as cornet in the 9th Lancers, and became lieutenant in 1828 and captain in 1835. In 1842 he was brigade-major to Lord Saltoun in the First Opium War, and specially distinguished himself at the capture of Chinkiang, after which he received the rank of major and the CB. In the First Anglo-Sikh War of 1845–1846 he took part in the battle of Sobraon; and in the Punjab campaign of 1848–1849 he commanded the 9th Lancers, and won high reputation in the battles of Chillianwalla and Guzerat (Gujarat).
He was promoted brevet lieutenant-colonel and shortly afterwards to the same substantive rank. In 1854 he became brevet-colonel, and in 1856 brigadier of cavalry. He took a leading part in the suppression of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 of 1857, holding for some time the command of the cavalry division, and afterwards of a movable column of horse and foot.

wn.com/Hope_Grant
John Evelyn
John Evelyn (31 October 1620 – 27 February 1706) was an English writer, gardener and diarist.
Evelyn's diaries or Memoirs are largely contemporaneous with those of the other noted diarist of the time, Samuel Pepys, and cast considerable light on the art, culture and politics of the time (he witnessed the deaths of Charles I and Oliver Cromwell, the last Great Plague of London, and the Great Fire of London in 1666). Over the years, Evelyn’s Diary has been over-shadowed by Pepys's chronicles of 17th-century life. Evelyn and Pepys corresponded frequently and much of this correspondence has been preserved.
Born into a family whose wealth was largely founded on gunpowder production, John Evelyn was born in Wotton, Surrey, and grew up in the Sussex town of Lewes. He was educated at Balliol College, Oxford and at the Middle Temple. While in London, he witnessed important events such as the execution of Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Strafford. Having briefly joined the Royalist army, he went abroad to avoid further involvement in the English Civil War. He travelled in Italy, attending anatomy lectures in Padua in 1646 and sending the Evelyn Tables back to London. In 1644, Evelyn visited the English College at Rome, where Catholic priests were trained for service in England. In the Veneto he renewed his acquaintance with the Collector Earl of Arundel and toured the art collections of Venice with Arundel's son and heir. He acquired an ancient Egyptian stela and sent a sketch back to Rome which was published by Athanasius Kircher in his Oedipus Aegyptiacus (1650), though to Evelyn's annoyance, without acknowledgement to him

wn.com/John_Evelyn
John Vanbrugh
Sir John Vanbrugh ( /ˈvænbrə/; 24 January 1664 (baptised) – 26 March 1726) was an English architect and dramatist, perhaps best known as the designer of Blenheim Palace and Castle Howard. He wrote two argumentative and outspoken Restoration comedies, The Relapse (1696) and The Provoked Wife (1697), which have become enduring stage favourites but originally occasioned much controversy. He was knighted in 1714.
Vanbrugh was in many senses a radical throughout his life. As a young man and a committed Whig, he was part of the scheme to overthrow James II, put William III on the throne and protect English parliamentary democracy, and he was imprisoned by the French as a political prisoner. In his career as a playwright, he offended many sections of Restoration and 18th century society, not only by the sexual explicitness of his plays, but also by their messages in defence of women's rights in marriage. He was attacked on both counts, and was one of the prime targets of Jeremy Collier's Short View of the Immorality and Profaneness of the English Stage. In his architectural career, he created what came to be known as English Baroque. His architectural work was as bold and daring as his early political activism and marriage-themed plays, and jarred conservative opinions on the subject.

wn.com/John_Vanbrugh
Kate Moss
Kate Moss (born 16 January 1974) is an English model who is known for her waifish figure and popularising the heroin chic look in the 1990s. She is also known for her controversial private life, high profile relationships, party lifestyle, and drug use. Moss changed the look of modelling and started a global debate on eating disorders, and her role in size zero fashion. In 2007, she came 2nd on the Forbes top-earning models list, estimated to have earned $9 million in one year.
Moss was born in Addiscombe, Croydon, London to Linda Rosina (Shepherd), a barmaid, and Peter Edward Moss, a travel agent. Kate has a younger brother named Nick and a half-sister named Lottie (Charlotte) and half-brother. Moss' parents divorced when she was 13. She attended Ridgeway Primary School and Riddlesdown Collegiate, but most commonly known as Riddlesdown High School, in Purley. She was not noted for her academic success but she did excel at sport.
Moss was discovered in 1988 at the age of 14 by Sarah Doukas, the founder of Storm Model Management, at JFK Airport in New York City, after a holiday in the Bahamas. Moss's career began when Corinne Day shot black-and-white photographs of her, styled by Melanie Ward, for British magazine The Face when she was 16, in a photo shoot titled "The 3rd Summer of Love". Day discovered Kate Moss when she was a young and unknown model and described the pictures that she took of Moss as ‘dirty realism’ or ‘grunge’.Moss then went on to become the "anti-supermodel" of the 1990s^{[citation needed]} in contrast to the "supermodels" of the moment^{[citation needed]}, such as Cindy Crawford, Elle Macpherson, Claudia Schiffer, and Naomi Campbell, who were known^{[citation needed]} for their curvaceous and tall figures.

wn.com/Kate_Moss
Paul Nihill
Vincent Paul Nihill (born 5 September 1939) is a British athlete, who competed in the 20 and 50 kilometre walks.
He was born in Colchester.
Nihill competed for Great Britain in the 1964 Summer Olympics held in Tokyo, Japan in the 50 kilometre walk where he won the silver medal. He competed in the 1968 Summer Olympics, suffering in the high altitude conditions, and collapsing with just over 5 km remaining. This was his only defeat in 86 races, between 1967 and 1970.
At the European Championships in Athens in 1969, he won a gold medal in the 20 km walk, followed by a bronze in the same event at the European Championships in Helsinki in 1971. He finished 6th and 9th respectively in the 20 km and 50 km walks at the 1972 Summer Olympics. He also competed in the 20 km walk in the 1976 Summer Olympics, before retiring the following year.

wn.com/Paul_Nihill
Peter the Great
Peter the Great, Peter I or Pyotr Alexeyevich Romanov (Russian: Пётр Алексе́евич Рома́нов, Пётр I, Pyotr I, or Пётр Вели́кий, Pyotr Velikiy) (9 June [O.S. 30 May] 1672 – 8 February [O.S. 28 January] 1725) ruled the Tsardom of Russia and later the Russian Empire from 7 May [O.S. 27 April] 1682 until his death, jointly ruling before 1696 with his half-brother. In numerous successful wars he expanded the Tsardom into a huge empire that became a major European power. According to historian James Cracraft, he led a cultural revolution that replaced the traditionalist and medieval social and political system with a modern, scientific, Europe-oriented, and rationalist system.

wn.com/Peter_the_Great
Thomas Carlyle
Thomas Carlyle (4 December 1795 – 5 February 1881) was a Scottish satirical writer, essayist, historian and teacher during the Victorian era. He called economics "the dismal science", wrote articles for the Edinburgh Encyclopedia, and became a controversial social commentator.
Coming from a strict Calvinist family, Carlyle was expected to become a preacher by his parents, but while at the University of Edinburgh he lost his Christian faith. Calvinist values, however, remained with him throughout his life. His combination of a religious temperament with loss of faith in traditional Christianity, made Carlyle's work appealing to many Victorians who were grappling with scientific and political changes that threatened the traditional social order. He brought a trenchant style to his social and political criticism and a complex literary style to works such as The French Revolution: A History (1837). Dickens used Carlyle's work as a primary source for the events of the French Revolution in his novel A Tale of Two Cities.

wn.com/Thomas_Carlyle
Tony Hancock
Anthony John "Tony" Hancock (12 May 1924 – 24 June 1968) was an English comedian and actor.
Popular during the 1950s and early 1960s, he had a major success with his BBC series Hancock's Half Hour, first on Radio from 1954, then on television from 1956, in which he soon formed a strong professional and personal bond with comic actor Sid James. Although Hancock's decision to cease working with James around 1960 disappointed many of his fans at the time, his last BBC series in 1961 contains some of his best remembered work ("The Blood Donor"). After breaking with his scriptwriters Ray Galton and Alan Simpson later that year, his career took a downward course because of Hancock's increasing dependence on alcohol.
Hancock was born in Southam Road, Hall Green, Birmingham, England, (some sources incorrectly say Small Heath, a different Birmingham district) but from the age of three was brought up in Bournemouth, where his father, John Hancock, who ran the Railway Hotel in Holdenhurst Road, worked as a comedian and entertainer.

wn.com/Tony_Hancock

Man busts a turd outside the Joiners Arms in Addiscombe

When I came out of my Gaff, I saw this bloke over the road with his pants by his ankles an...

published: 14 Jun 2012

author: brownboybilly

Addiscombe Carnival Part1

Each year the Croydon Lions with John Conoley's Fun Fair host a fund-raising event known a...

published: 21 Jul 2012

author: KJN50UK

Kiwanis Addiscombe Surrey Model Casting 2012

...

published: 22 Jul 2012

author: GSMConsultant

cheam 2s v addiscombe 2s A pre-season friendly 22-9-12

surrey open prem pre season friendly away at trinity school...

published: 23 Sep 2012

author: TheTTFC

Badger in Addiscombe (2)

Second video of a badger in urban Addiscombe, Croydon UK...

published: 05 Jul 2012

author: gcluer

Tramlink Tram 2535 on Route 3 on Addiscombe Road

Video of a Tramlink Tram (2535) on Route 3 beside Addiscombe Road then crossing the juncti...

published: 26 Jun 2012

author: TheTfLForumVideos

Variotram 2559 in Addiscombe Road

London Tramlink Variotram 2559 in Addiscombe Road, Croydon on 25th June 2012....

published: 29 Jun 2012

author: astock5000

cheam 2s v addiscombe 2s A pre-season friendly 22-9-12 2nd half

...

published: 23 Sep 2012

author: TheTTFC

cheam vs addiscombe away 2nd half

...

published: 07 Nov 2012

author: TheTTFC

O's & Izz lost In Addiscombe

OBoi booked studio time somewhere in Croydon, Addiscombe, but he had no clue where abouts ...

published: 27 May 2011

author: IzzyRahmanOfficial

cheam vs addiscombe 1st half

match footage from the cheam v addiscombe league clash at trinity school 3/11/12 2pm pb...

published: 07 Nov 2012

author: TheTTFC

Tramlink Tram 2538 on Route 2 on Addiscombe Road

Video of a Tramlink Tram (2538) on Route 2 beside Addiscombe Road then crossing the juncti...

published: 26 Jun 2012

author: TheTfLForumVideos

Buses & Trams ~ Addiscombe Road ~ Croydon ~ April 2011

walking up Addiscombe Road in Croydon last April, on a very windy day...

published: 02 Apr 2012

author: scarletravels

CR4000 2545 in Addiscombe Road

London Tramlink CR4000 2545 in Addiscombe Road, Croydon on 25th June 2012....

published: 29 Jun 2012

author: astock5000

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photo: AP / Mohammed Asad

Egyptian protesters opposed to president Mohammed Morsi chant slogans in Tahrir Square in Cairo, Egypt, Friday, Nov. 23, 2012.

Egypt’s Morsi Promises Democracy as Protests Rage

Jakarta Globe

24 Nov 2012

Cairo. President Mohamed Morsi insisted on Friday that Egypt is on the path to “freedom and democracy” after granting himself sweeping powers, which sparked clashes between his supporters and foes and raised concerns abroad. “Political stability, social stability and economic stability are what I want and that is what I am working for,” he told a...(size: 4.8Kb)

photo: AP

On March 10, 1973, more than one week after seizing Wounded Knee, S.D., and starting a standoff with federal authorities, members of the Oglala Sioux tribe march to the cemetery where their ancestors were buried following the 1890 massacre at the site.

Amerindians and Politics of Thanksgiving and Black Friday

WorldNews.com

23 Nov 2012

Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. I was fortunate to have been raised near an American Indian archaeological spot located on the Great Plains. In elementary school, a fellow classmate would periodically bring and show grinding stones, arrow- and spearheads, stone farming implements, and pictures of what the excavated site may have...(size: 7.1Kb)

photo: WN / Ahmed Deeb

Shortly before a cease-fire is announced between Israel and Hamas. Israel and the Hamas militant group agreed to a cease-fire Wednesday to end eight days of the fiercest fighting in nearly four years, promising to halt attacks on each other and ease an Israeli blockade constricting the Gaza Strip.

Israel and Hamas seek to solidify cease-fire

The Independent

23 Nov 2012

Israel and Hamas are seeking to solidify an Egyptian and US-brokered cease-fire halting eight days of aerial assaults that ravaged the Gaza Strip and made Tel Aviv a missile target. Announcing the truce in Cairo last night alongside Egypt's foreign minister, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton promised U.S. assistance in seeking to "improve...(size: 5.4Kb)

photo: AP / Egyptian Presidency

In this image released by the Egyptian Presidency, Egyptian President Mohammed Morsi, waves toward soldiers at a military base in Ismailia, Egypt, Wednesday, Oct. 10, 2012.

Egypt fury over Mohammed Mursi 'coup against legitimacy'

BBC News

23 Nov 2012

Opposition groups in Egypt have called for mass protests on Friday against President Mohammed Mursi's decree that gives him sweeping powers. They have described his move as a "coup against legitimacy" and accused the president of appointing himself Egypt's "new pharaoh". The decree states that the president's decisions cannot be revoked by any...(size: 4.6Kb)

photo: AP / Polash Khan

Bangladeshis and firefighters battle a fire at a garment factory in the Savar neighborhood in Dhaka, Bangladesh, late Saturday, Nov. 24, 2012.

Bangladesh clothes factory fire kills 'at least 120'

BBC News

25 Nov 2012

The death toll from a fire in a clothes factory in Bangladesh has leapt to at least 120, officials say. The fire broke out late on Saturday in the nine-floor Tazreen Fashion factory in the Ashulia district on the outskirts of...(size: 1.5Kb)

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Wilfried Zaha – prince from the Palace now mixing with England royalty

The Guardian

12 Nov 2012

Crystal Palace winger is terrifying defenders, valued at £20m and being fought over by Roy Hodgson and Didier Drogba Crystal Palace's Wilfried Zaha expects 'defenders to smash me - they are not going to let you mug them off in front of everyone'. Photograph: Tom Jenkins for the Guardian...(size: 11.7Kb)

Six new dispersal zones in Croydon (The Metropolitan Police)

noodls

24 Oct 2012

24 October 2012 Six new dispersal orders have been approved through Croydon Council and the Safer Croydon Partnership as the local police and council look to crack down on antisocial behaviour ahead of winter. The six-month orders will cover areas in South Norwood, Greenview, Fieldway, Aurelia Gardens, Croydon town centre and Broad Green. The...(size: 4.5Kb)

Two cannabis factories found in a day

noodls

30 Aug 2012

29 August 2012 Two cannabis factories were discovered by police today (29 August) after the Addiscombe and Ashburton Safer Neighbourhoods Teams (SNTs) jointly carried out two raids this morning. In the first raid at an address in Brampton Road, more than 100 cannabis plants were discovered inside the house. Officers applied for the...(size: 2.2Kb)

Earl Roberts Final 2012

noodls

21 Aug 2012

Earl Roberts Final 2012 Tuesday, 21 August 2012 The results of the Earl Roberts final are listed below: Â G J Webb, Romford 778Â Â P J Stanley, Appleton 777Â Â R J Dowling, Chichester 777Â Â Miss M Smith, Aireborough 777Â Â Mrs S Henderson, Watten 776Â Â S K Aldhouse, Addiscombe 776Â Â M J N Bagot, Portsmouth CityÂ 776Â Â N A Clark, Chippenham 775Â...(size: 8.5Kb)

Can you name these men? CCTV images released after brutal tram stop attack leaves victim with brain injury â East Croydon

noodls

07 Aug 2012

This content requires the Adobe Flash Player. Get Flash 07 Aug 2012 09:00 Can you name these men? CCTV images released after brutal tram stop attack leaves victim with brain injury - East Croydon British Transport Police (BTP) detectives have released CCTV images of two men they want to identify after an attack at East Croydon station tram stop in...(size: 4.7Kb)

Deep clean in store for Watford roads

noodls

01 Aug 2012

Deep clean in store for Watford roads An extensive deep cleaning of a number of busy roads in Watford is to get underway next week thanks to Hertfordshire Highways and Watford Borough Council. Twenty roads across the Central, Vicarage and Callowland Wards will be cleaned and have minor road repairs completed between 8 and 24 August. Work will begin...(size: 3.8Kb)

Illegal immigrant who battered father to death with rock outside his home days after being ...

The Daily Mail

18 Jun 2012

Killed: Umesh Chaudhari was attacked just a few yards from his home in Croydon and died the following day An illegal immigrant who battered a hard-working father-of-two to death with a brick after being released on bail for robbery was locked up indefinitely today. Rostam Ahmadi, 23, launched the savage random attack on 41-year-old Umesh Chaudhari...(size: 10.4Kb)

National cycling results and details

The Daily Telegraph

02 Jun 2012

Read the latest selected national cycling results from across Great Britain. Photo: BRITISH CYCLING 7:00PM BST 02 Jun 2012 June 2 Road racing CDNW Criterium League (Round 8, Preston Arena, Lancashire, 26miles): 1 Dillon Byrne (Vanilla Bikes.com) 1hr 06mins 55secs, 2 Ben Dean (Team Bglobal), 3 Jack Pullar (Wheelbase) all at same time...(size: 12.4Kb)

Is this the Britain's most audacious thief? Disabled crook tries to sue getaway driver for ...

The Daily Mail

21 May 2012

A thief who sued his uncle after falling from their getaway van and suffering disabling injuries will not get a penny in damages, a top judge ruled today. Mr Justice Cooke said a getaway driver could not owe a 'duty of care' or be liable for the injuries of his partner-in-crime if the heist went badly. David Joyce, 23, of Richmond, west London, had...(size: 7.1Kb)

Broadstairs stabbing: Woman on attempted murder charge

BBC News

23 Feb 2012

An 18-year-old woman has been charged with attempted murder after another...(size: 0.5Kb)

Light Music for a Summer's Evening listings

Skiddle

17 Jun 2011

Concert by Croydon Orchestral Ensemble Date: Saturday 18th June 2011 Venue: St Mildred's Church, Addiscombe, Croydon » Location: Addiscombe, Croydon...(size: 1.0Kb)

Going back to her roots: Kate Moss returns to her hometown of Croydon on a ...

The Daily Mail

17 May 2011

Since being discovered by a model scout aged 14, Kate Moss has left her hometown of Croydon firmly in her past. But the supermodel decided to go back to her roots for the new Rimmel make-up advert as she was airlifted into the South London suburb via helicopter. The 37-year-old blonde was back on stunning form in a red mini dress, patent peep-toe...(size: 5.4Kb)

Six people rescued from Croydon shop fire

BBC News

03 May 2011

Firefighters have rescued six people after a fire which began in a south London shop spread to some flats above. About 30...(size: 0.9Kb)

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For the military academy, see Addiscombe Military Academy.

Coordinates: 51°22′52″N 0°03′59″W / 51.381°N 0.0663°W / 51.381; -0.0663

Addiscombe
Tram on Addiscombe Road
Addiscombe Addiscombe shown within Greater London
OS grid reference	TQ345665
- Charing Cross	10 mi (16 km) NNW
London borough	Croydon
Ceremonial county	Greater London
Region	London
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	CROYDON
Postcode district	CR0
Dialling code	020
Police	Metropolitan
Fire	London
Ambulance	London
EU Parliament	London
UK Parliament	Croydon Central
London Assembly	Croydon and Sutton
List of places: UK • England • London

Addiscombe is a district of south London, England, located in the London Borough of Croydon. It is situated 10 miles (16 km) south of Charing Cross.

It is situated just to the northeast of central Croydon, and is home to a high proportion of people who commute to Central London, owing to its proximity to the busy East Croydon railway station and Tramlink, linking Addiscombe with other parts of Croydon and Wimbledon, as well as extensive bus routes into Central Croydon and surrounding areas.

There are several local schools, including the Trinity School of John Whitgift, Archbishop Tenison's School, Ashburton Community School and Oval Road Primary.

1 History
2 The area today
3 Notable people
4 Geography
5 Sport
6 Transport
7 See also
8 References

History [link]

Three hundred years ago Addiscombe was a rural area. Its main industries were farming and brick-making. Clay deposits at Woodside provided the raw materials for the latter.

In 1702, 'Addiscombe Place' was built to John Vanbrugh's design. He was best known for Blenheim Palace and Castle Howard and was a prime exponent of the English Baroque style. The house was built on a site which is now the corner of Outram Road and Mulberry Lane. It replaced a fine Elizabethan mansion. Which was once the seat of Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool.^[1]

Sir John Evelyn recorded in his Diary "I went to Adscomb on 11 July 1703 to see my son-in-law’s new house. It has excellent brickwork and Portland stone features, that I pronounced it good solid architecture, and one of the very best gentlemen's houses in Surrey." Distinguished guests who stayed at the mansion include George III, William Pitt and Peter the Great of Russia. Peter the Great was reputed to have planted a cedar tree in Mulberry Lane to record his visit.

This was one of three great houses which once stood in the area, the others being 'Ashburton House' (see later notes) and 'Stroud Green House'.

Addiscombe Seminary, photographed in c.1859, with cadets in the foreground.

Main article: Addiscombe Military Academy

In 1809, Emelius Ratcliffe sold Addiscombe Place to the British East India Company, whereupon it became a Military Seminary - the Addiscombe Military Academy. The company dealt in the importation of tea, coffee, silk, cotton and spices, and maintained its own private army. The officers of this army were trained at Addiscombe before setting off for India. In 1858, after the Indian Rebellion of 1857 (also called the First War of Indian Independence), the British East India Company went out of existence.

The college closed in 1861 and was sold to developers in 1863 for £33,600. They razed it to the ground with dynamite. All that is left are the two buildings 'Ashleigh' and 'India' on the corner of Clyde Road/Addiscombe Road and the former gymnasium on Havelock Road, now private apartments.

Five parallel roads were laid out, to the south of the former college site – Outram, Havelock, Elgin, Clyde and Canning Roads. They were all named after individuals who were prominent in either the military or civil governance of British India.

Lt General Sir James Outram, 1st Baronet Outram
Major General Henry Havelock
James Bruce, 8th_Earl of Elgin - Viceroy of India 1861-1863
Field Marshal Colin Campbell, 1st Baron Clyde
Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning - Governor General of India 1856-1862 and first Viceroy 1858-1862

In addition many roads in the vicinity haves names of similar relevance. Nearby Nicholson Road was presumably named after Brigadier General John Nicholson, who played a prominent part in the storming of Delhi. Grant Road is probably named after General Sir James Hope Grant who commanded a cavalry division at the relief of Lucknow, but a Private P Grant and a Sergeant R Grant both won VCs in the mutiny, as did a Lieutenant C Grant, so further research is needed. Inglis Road is almost certainly named after Colonel John Inglis who played a major part in the relief of Lucknow, as did James Outram and Henry Havelock. Hastings Road and its neighbour Warren Road are named after Warren Hastings the first Governor-General of India.

Our Lady of the Annunciation Church, Addiscombe

In 1870, the church of St Paul’s (built by E. Buckton Lamb) was opened and then rededicated in 1874 to St Mary Magdalene. The parish of Addiscombe was formed in 1879. Literary figures such as Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Thomas Carlyle and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow were entertained by Lady Ashburton at Ashburton House. This was later demolished between 1912–13.^[2]

The area today [link]

Since early 2006 several parts of Addiscombe have been in the process of extensive regeneration, notably the addition of housing to the site of the former Black Horse Pub (which is thought by some to be the oldest site of a pub in the borough) and the demolition of church buildings in Bingham Road in order to renovate the church halls and provide luxury retirement apartments.^{[original research?]} The old Bingham Road railway station was demolished several years ago was to make way for the new tramlink line. The station achieved fame in the opening scenes of the 1960 Tony Hancock film "The Rebel". The addition of Addiscombe Railway Park along the disused railway line between Blackhorse Lane tram stop, Morland Road and Lower Addiscombe Road will further regenerate the area.

Notable people [link]

R. F. Delderfield (1912–1972), author, lived in Addiscombe between 1918 and 1923. The area later inspired him to write his Avenue series of novels.

D. H. Lawrence (1885–1930), author, lived at 12 Colworth Road, Addiscombe from 1908 to 1912 and was a teacher at Davidson Road School for some time.

In 1974 supermodel Kate Moss was born in Addiscombe.

David Prowse, actor who played Darth Vader, lives in Addiscombe.

Ethel Le Neve, mistress to Dr Crippen, lived out her days in Addiscombe, being a resident of 11 Parkview Road.

Paul Nihill was Addiscombe and Croydon's first-ever Olympic medallist. In 1964 he won a silver medal in Tokyo for the 50 km walk.

Another local walker, Phil Goddard (1958- ), completed a 3,091-mile walk from New York to Los Angeles on May 6, 2007. He lived in Addiscombe for the first 23 years of his life.

Geography [link]

Sport [link]

This section is in a list format that may be better presented using prose. You can help by converting this section to prose, if appropriate. Editing help is available. (May 2011)

Addiscombe Hockey Club, Field Hockey Club based in Addiscombe
Addiscombe Cricket Club est. 1866
Addiscombe Cycling Club est. 1929

Transport [link]

Addiscombe railway station - about 500 metres west of Addiscombe's main parade and the present tram station - was demolished following the withdrawal of services from Elmers End. Part of the section between Woodside and Addiscombe railway stations is now Addiscombe Railway Park and part has been redeveloped for housing as East India Way.

References [link]

v t e London Borough of Croydon

Districts	Addington Addiscombe Ashburton Broad Green Coombe Coulsdon Croydon Crystal Palace Forestdale Hamsey Green Kenley New Addington Monks Orchard Norbury Norwood New Town Purley Sanderstead Selhurst Selsdon Shirley South Croydon South Norwood Thornton Heath Upper Norwood Waddon Woodside

Attractions	Addington Palace Croydon Airport Croydon Clocktower (David Lean Cinema Museum of Croydon Croydon Central Library) Croydon Palace Warehouse Theatre Fairfield Halls (Ashcroft Theatre) RAF Kenley Shirley Windmill

Street markets	Croydon Farmers Market Surrey Street Market

Parks and open spaces	Addington Hills Addington Park Addington Vale Addiscombe Railway Park Addiscombe Recreation Ground Apsley Road Playground Ashburton Park Ashburton Playing Fields Beaulieu Heights Brickfields Meadow Coombe Wood Cotelands Duppas Hill Grangewood Park Great North Wood Heavers Meadow Mitcham Common Park Hill Pollards Hill Queen's Gardens Roundshaw Selsdon Wood South Norwood Country Park South Norwood Lake and Grounds South Norwood Recreation Ground Woodside Green

Constituencies	Croydon South Croydon Central Croydon North

Other topics	Architecture (Croydon Vision 2020 Tallest buildings and structures) Economy People Public art Railway stations Schools

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addiscombe

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Contents

History [link]

The area today [link]

Notable people [link]

Geography [link]

Sport [link]

Transport [link]

See also [link]

References [link]

http://wn.com/Addiscombe

Related pages:

http://fr.wn.com/Addiscombe

http://nl.wn.com/Addiscombe