- published: 14 Sep 2011
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- author: rnema
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Agra
Agra (
i/ˈɑːɡrə/; Hindi: आगरा, Urdu: آ گرہ), the erstwhile capital of Hindustan, is a city on the banks of the river Yamuna in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh, India, 363 kilometres (226 mi) west of state capital, Lucknow and 200 kilometres (124 mi) south of the national capital New Delhi. With a population of 1,686,976 (2010 est.), it is one of the most populous cities in Uttar Pradesh and the 19th most populous in India. Because 80 percent of the city's sewage flows into Yamuna River, it is 20th most polluted city in India. Agra can also refer to the administrative district that has its headquarters in Agra city.
The city finds mention in the epic Mahābhārata where it was called Agrevaṇa, or 'the border of the forest'. Legend ascribes the founding of the city to Rājā Badal Singh, a Sikarwar Rajput king (circa 1475), whose fort, Badalgarh, stood on or near the site of the present Fort. However, the 11th century Persian poet Mas'ūd Sa'd Salmān writes of a desperate assault on the fortress of Agra, then held by the Shāhī King Jayapala, by Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni. Sultan Sikandar Lodī was the first to move his capital from Delhi to Agra in the year 1506; he died in 1517 and his son Ibrāhīm Lodī remained in power there for nine more years, finally being defeated at the Battle of Panipat in 1526. It achieved fame as the capital of the Mughal emperors from 1526 to 1658 and remains a major tourist destination because of its many splendid Mughal-era buildings, most notably the Tāj Mahal, Agra Fort and Fatehpūr Sikrī, all three of which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
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Ahmedabad
Ahmedabad (i/ˈɑːmɨdəbɑːd/ also known as Amdavad 
) is the largest city and former capital of the Indian state of Gujarat. The city is an administrative centre of Ahmedabad district as well as the judicial capital of Gujarat as the Gujarat High Court is in Ahmedabad. It was founded on 26 February 1411 by Sultan Ahmed Shah to serve as the capital of the Gujarat Sultanate, and was named after him. With a city population of more than 5.5 million and an extended population of 6.3 million it is the fifth largest city and seventh largest metropolitan area of India. Ahmedabad is located on the banks of the River Sabarmati, 32 km (20 mi) from the state capital Gandhinagar.
Though incorporated into the Bombay Presidency during British rule, Ahmedabad remained one of the most important cities in the Gujarat region. The city established itself as the home of a developing textile industry, which earned it the nickname the Manchester of the East. The city was at the forefront of the Indian independence movement in the first half of the 20th century and centre of many campaigns of civil disobedience to promote workers' rights, civil rights, and political independence.
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Alirajpur
Alirajpur (also known as Ali Rajpur) is a city and a municipality in Alirajpur district in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India.
Alirajpur State was formerly a princely state of India, under the Bhopawar Agency in Central India. It lies in the Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh, near the border with Gujarat and Maharashtra. It has an area of 836 m². The country is hilly, and many of the inhabitants are aboriginal Bhils. It has from time to time been under British administration.. The Victoria bridge at Alirajpur was built to commemorate the Diamond Jubilee of 1897.
Area-wise,Formerly Alirajpur taluka is bigger than the Jhabua taluka of Jhabua district, Now Alirajpur Is District. The Rajwara fort is situated in the centre of the town attached with a beautiful playground known as Fateh Club. Alirajpur is also the hub for Bhils for different kinds of trade and business.
As of 2001[update] India census, Alirajpur had a population of 25,161. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Alirajpur has an average literacy rate of 67%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 58% of the males and 42% of females literate. 15% of the population is under 6 years of age. Alirajpur is a city in which public depend on farm.
Alirajpur’s topography is predominantly hilly. Its economy depends primarily on agricultural endeavours, especially farming, especially mangoes. The agricultural trading yard in Alirajpur is the biggest in all the state when it comes to mango trading. Also, the Noor Jahan, a very rare variety of mango of which only four trees are currently surviving, can only be found in the district, specifically in the town of Katthiwara.
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Alirajpur district
Alirajpur district (Hindi: अलीराजपुर जिला) is one of the 50 districts of Madhya Pradesh state in India. The district was carved out from the erstwhile Jhabua district on May 17, 2008 by incorporating Alirajpur, Jobat and Bhavra tehsils of it. Alirajpur town is the administrative headquarters of this district. The district occupies an area of 2165.24 km² and has a population of 2,488,003 (2001 Census).
The district is named after its headquarters, Alirajpur, which was the capital of the former princely state of Ali Rajpur. The name of this town is derived by conjoining Ali (the fortress town and the former capital of the princely state founded by Anand Deo in 1437) and Rajpur (the latter capital).
Before the Indian independence in 1947, the Alirajpur State was under Bhopawar Agency sub-division of the Central India Agency. This principality was founded in 1437 and merged with the Indian Union after the Indian independence. The territory occupied by the present district became part of Madhya Bharat state in 1948 and subsequently became part of the re-organized Madhya Pradesh state on 1 November 1956.
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Allahabad
Allahabad ([ɪlɑhɑbɑd̪]; Hindi: इलाहाबाद; Urdu: الہ آباد), or Settled by God in Persian, is a major city of India and is one of the main holy cities of Hinduism. It was renamed by the Mughal emperor Akbar from the original (still unofficially used) native name of Prayaga, and is by some accounts the second-oldest city in India. It is located in the north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, lying some 205 kilometres (127 mi) south of the state capital, Lucknow. It is the administrative headquarters of the Allahabad District. Allahabad has been ranked the world's 130th fastest growing city (growth rate: 2.09 per cent (2011)).[citation needed] The ancient name of the city is Prayaga (Sanskrit for "place of sacrifice"), as it is believed to be the spot where Brahma offered his first sacrifice after creating the world. It is one of four sites of the mass Hindu pilgrimage Kumbh Mela, the others being Haridwar, Ujjain and Nashik. It has a position of importance in Hindu scriptures for it is situated at Triveni Sangam, the confluence of the holy rivers Ganges and Yamuna, and the ancient Sarasvati River.
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Amritsar
Amritsar (
pronunciation (help·info); Punjabi: ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤਸਰ IPA: [əmːɾɪt̪səɾ], historically also known as ਰਾਮਦਾਸਪੁਰ Rāmdāspur and colloquially as ਅੰਬਰਸਰ, Ambarsar) is a city in the north-western part of India. It is the spiritual center for the Sikh religion and the administrative headquarters of the Amritsar district in the state of Punjab.
It is home to the Harmandir Sahib (referred to as the "Golden Temple" in the western media), the spiritual and cultural center for the Sikh religion. This important Sikh shrine attracts more visitors than the Taj Mahal with more than 100,000 visitors on week days alone and is the most popular destination for Non-resident Indians (NRI) in the whole of India. The city also houses the Sikh temporal and political authority, Akal Takht, as well as the Sikh Parliament.
The 2011 Indian census reported the population of the city to be 1,132,761. Amritsar is situated 217 kilometres (135 mi) northwest of state capital Chandigarh and is 32 kilometres (20 mi) east of Lahore, Pakistan and therefore, very close to India's western border with Pakistan.
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Anjad
Anjad is a town and a nagar panchayat in Barwani district in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India.
Anjad is located in the Narmada Valley, at 22°02′N 75°03′E / 22.03°N 75.05°E / 22.03; 75.05. It has an average elevation of 151 metres (495 feet). There is one beautiful ancient temple "Nagari mata" also it situated on top of the valley in right corner of Anjad town. Two other temple is Gayatri Temple and Saibaba Temple (Chota shirdi). Its distance from Barwani is 16 km. Pancha Mukhi Hanuman temple is also a very famous temple of Anjad.
As of 2001[update] India census, Anjad had a population of 5,00,000. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%.Harsh Soni is the ex-student of aps and well known by his symbol $73$.. Anjad has an average literacy rate of 59%, lower than the national average of 59.5%; with 58% of the males and 42% of females literate. 16% of the population is under 6 years of age.There are 2 Govt. Higher Secondary Schools & 1 CBSE school namely Anjad Public School..
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Asansol
Asansol is a coal mining and industrial metropolis and one of the busiest commercial centres in India. It is the second largest city and urban agglomeration in West Bengal after Kolkata and the 19th largest urban agglomeration in India. Asansol is located in the Burdwan District of India. It has a large workforce, moderately high per capita income, educational establishments, good transport connections, several housing complexes, and land suitable for industry, institutions, transport and commerce. Its hinterland is Bankura and Purulia districts and North Bengal, linked to parts of Orissa and Jharkhand states. According to a report released by International Institute for Environment and Development, a UK-based policy research non-governmental body, Asansol is among the 11 Indian cities in the list of 100 fastest growing cities in the world with a rank of 42. The name Asansol is derived from two different names, Asan tree (a species of tree found on the banks of river Damodar) and Sol-Bhumi/Sol-land (the land rich in minerals).
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Badnawar
Badnawar is a town and a Nagar Panchayat of the Dhar district in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. Badnawar name is originated from Buddha Nagar, which was given on the name Gautama Buddha.
Badnawar is located at 23°01′N 75°13′E / 23.02°N 75.22°E / 23.02; 75.22. It has an average elevation of 506 metres (1660 feet).
As of 2001 India census, Badnawar has a population of 17,746. Males constitute 53% of the population and the females 47%. Badnawar has an above average literacy rate of 64%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 59% of the males and 41% of females literate. 16% of the population is under 6 years of age.
The town of Badnawar has proud of Resort & Hotel.
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Bandheri
Bandheri is a town in Dhar district of Madhya Pradesh, India.
It is located at 22°37′0″N 75°7′0″E / 22.616667°N 75.116667°E / 22.616667; 75.116667 at an elevation of 557 m above MSL.
National Highway 59 passes through Bandheri. It is at a distance of 25 km from Dhar. The nearest airport is Devi Ahilyabai Holkar Airport at Indore.
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Bangalore
Bangalore /ˈbæŋɡəlɔər/, also rendered Bengaluru,[needs IPA] is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. Bangalore is nicknamed the Garden City for its gardens and parks and was once called a pensioner's paradise. Located on the Deccan Plateau in the south-eastern part of Karnataka, Bangalore is India's third most populous city and fifth-most populous urban agglomeration. Bangalore is well known as a hub for India's information technology sector. It is among the top 10 preferred entrepreneurial locations in the world.
A succession of South Indian dynasties ruled the region of Bangalore until in 1537 AD Kempe Gowda—a feudatory ruler under the Vijayanagara Empire—established a mud fort considered to be the foundation of modern Bangalore. Following transitory occupation by Maratha and Mughal, the city remained under the Mysore kingdom. Bangalore continued to be a cantonment of the British and a major city of the Princely State of Mysore which existed as a nominally sovereign entity of the British Raj. Following the independence of India in 1947, Bangalore became the capital of Mysore state, and later Karnataka.
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Barwaha
Barwaha (hindi:बड़वाहा) is a municipality in Khargone district in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. This is a beautiful town situated on the banks of the Narmada River. It has got the largest CISF training campus in India and is also known for its bright students. Many of the students from Kendriya Vidyalaya has gone to National level in various games and scouts and guide activities. As of 2001[update] India census, Barwaha had a population of 24,914. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Barwaha has an average literacy rate of 74%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 56% of the males and 44% of females literate. 13% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Barwaha is well connected by road with Indore, Khandwa and Khargone. It is situated at the junction of SH-38 and SH-27.Barwaha is situated on Ratlam-Akola meter gauge railway line,which is the largest remaining meter gauge line in India.
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Barwani
Barwani (बडवानी ), also known as Badwani, is a city and a municipality in Barwani District in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. The city is situated near the left bank of the Narmada River, and is the administrative headquarter of Barwani District. It has served as the capital of the former princely state of Barwani. It can be reached by road only. Nearest airport and railway station are located at Indore 150 KM from Barwani. Bawangaja, a Jain pilgrimage place, is 8 km from Barwani.
The name Badwani originated from the forests of BAD which had surrounded the city in old times. WANI is the old word for the Garden. Hence city got its name BADWANI which means Garden of Bads. Barwani is still pronounced as Badwani but it spells Barwani.
Barwani is located at 22°02′N 74°54′E / 22.03°N 74.9°E / 22.03; 74.9. It has an average elevation of 178 metres (583 feet). The great Narmada River flows through Barwani (just 5 km from city). The temperature of Barwani in April and May goes as high as 48'C, making it the hottest place in India.
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Barwani District
Coordinates: 22°01′29″N 74°55′05″E / 22.02485°N 74.91805°E / 22.02485; 74.91805
Barwani district (Hindi: बडवानी जिला) is one of the districts of Madhya Pradesh state of India. The administrative head quarter of the district is at Barwani. Barwani district has an area of 3665 km² and a population 1,081,039 (2001 census). The district lies in the southwestern corner of Madhya Pradesh; the Narmada River forms its northern boundary. The Satpura Range lies to its south. The district is bordered by Maharashtra state to the south, Gujarat state to the west, Dhar District to the north and Khargone District to the east.
After the merger of the princely state of Barwani with Union of India in 1948 CE, it became a part of West Nimar District of the newly formed Madhya Bharat state. Barwani district was created on May 25, 1998, when it was separated from West Nimar District / Khargone District.
In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Barwani one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the 24 districts in Madhya Pradesh currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).
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Bawangaja
Bawangaja (see [1]) is a famous Jain pilgrim center in the Barwani district of Madhya Pradesh in India. Its main attraction is the world's tallest statue,(carved out of mountain) of the first Jain Tirthankara (saint) Adinatha. The statue is 84 feet (26 m) high, and was created early in the 12th century. The statue is supported from the back unlike one at Shravanabelagola in Karnataka, India. The center is located in the Satpura ranges and is 8 km from a Barwani town.
In the heart of India, stands Madhya Pradesh and in the heart of Madhya Pradesh is Malwa, known for its glorious cultural and historical backgrounds. The region of Malwa has charming natural locations between the Satpura and the Vindhyachals. This land is made holy by the water of the Narmada, the Kshipra and the Chambal. The mountains of Satpura had been the favorite place of great ascetics and preceptors for practicing penance. The land of Bawangaja had been the land of penance for several great religious dignities. In the middle of the Satpura, at the height of 4,000.6 ft (1,219.4 m). is the idol of the founder of Jainism the first Tirthankar Rishabh Dev, carved on single stone, with height of 25.6 metres. (84 ft). This place is known as Bawangaja. The idol here is the highest in the world and rich in art. For hundreds of years this captivating idol, standing in the posture of meditation, exhibits the heights of detachment, quietness, art and expressions.
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Betma
Betma is a town and a nagar panchayat in Indore district in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India.
It is very old town of Malwa region, As per records, a memento in form of Tamra patra (Copper Plate) is presented to Raja Bhoja in Year 1020-1056, by people of BetmaBetma is also have link with Samrat Ashok & Sikh Guru Gurunanak Devji also stay six months in Betma during his second Udasi ( World Tour) . (Edited by Mahendra Singh Gehlot, Betma) An ancient Temple of Maa Annapurna situated in the centre of Betma, Also A Twin Temple of Maa Aman & Chaman is very famous & Old located 2 km away from Betma,
Betma is located at 22°41′N 75°37′E / 22.68°N 75.62°E / 22.68; 75.62. It has an average elevation of 541 metres (1774 feet).
As of 2001[update] India census, Betma had a population of 12,529. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. 17% of the population is under 6 years of age.
(1) Betma Sahib gurudwara is of historical significance for Sikhs. It is believed that Guru Nanak Dev Ji visited this place.
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Bhavra
Bhabhra is a town and a nagar panchayat in Jhabua district in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India.
This is the birthplace of Chandra Shekhar Azad, the Great Freedom Fighter of India.
As of 2001[update] India census, Bhavra had a population of 9263. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Bhabhra has an average literacy rate of 54%, lower than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 62% and female literacy of 45%. 19% of the population is under 6 years of age.
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Bhikangaon
Bhikangaon is a town and a nagar panchayat in Khargone district in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India.
Bhikangaon is located at 21°52′N 75°57′E / 21.87°N 75.95°E / 21.87; 75.95. It has an average elevation of 278 metres (912 feet).It falls in Khargone district and the nearest railway station is Khandwa.
As of 2006[update]GeoNames geographical database, Bhikangaon had a population of 15,321. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Bhikangaon has an average literacy rate of 69%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 75% and female literacy of 62%. 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.
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Bhopal
Bhopal /boʊˈpɑːl/ (Hindustani pronunciation: [bʱoːpaːl] (
listen)) is the capital of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh and the administrative headquarters of Bhopal District and Bhopal Division. The city was the capital of the former Bhopal State. Bhopal is known as the City of Lakes for its various natural as well as artificial lakes and is also one of the greenest cities in India.
A B-1 class city, Bhopal houses various institutions and installations of national importance. Some of these include ISRO's Master Control Facility, the CSIR Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER Bhopal), School of Planning and Architecture, Indian Institute of Forest Management, Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL), Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal (associated with Hamidia Hospital, Sultania Zanana Hospital & Kamla Nehru Hospital), and the (approved, under-construction) All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal.
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Bhopal State
Bhopal State (Hindi: भोपाल, Urdu: بھوپال, pronounced [bʱoːpaːl] ( listen)) was an independent state of 18th century India, a princely salute state in a subsidiary alliance with British India from 1818 to 1947, and an independent country from 1947 to 1949. Islamnagar served as the State's first capital, which was later shifted to the city of Bhopal.
The state was founded by a Mughal soldier, Dost Mohammad Khan, who became a mercenary after the Emperor Aurangzeb's death and annexed several territories to his feudal territory. Bhopal State accepted the suzerainty of the Nizam of Hyderabad in 1724, and later became a British protectorate in 1818. The state was merged into the Union of India in 1949 as Bhopal.
The State of Bhopal was established by Dost Mohammad Khan (1672-1728), an Afghan soldier in the Mughal army. After the death of the emperor Aurangzeb, Khan started providing mercenary services to several local chieftains in the politically unstable Malwa region. In 1709, he took on the lease of the Berasia estate. Later, he usurped the Rajput principality of Mangalgarh and the Gond kingdom of Rani Kamlapati, after the death of their female rulers to whom he had been providing mercenary services. He also annexed several other territories in Malwa to his state.
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Burhanpur
Burhanpur (Hindi: बुरहानपुर)is a mid-size city in Madhya Pradesh state, India. It is the administrative seat of Burhanpur District. It is situated on the north bank of the Tapti River, 340 kilometres (211 mi) southwest of Bhopal and 540 kilometres (336 mi) northeast of Mumbai. The town is named after sufi saint Burhanuddin Gharib of Khuldabad. The city has a Municipal Corporation, and also is one of the district headquarters of the state of Madhya Pradesh.
In 1388, Malik Nasir Khan, the Faruqi dynasty Sultan of Khandesh founded Burhanpur city at the behest of Shaikh Zainuddin and named it after a well known medieval sufi saint, Burhan-ud-Din. Burhanpur became the capital of the Khandesh sultanate. Later, Miran Adil Khan II (reigned 1457–1501), another sultan of this dynasty built a citadel and a number of palaces in Burhanpur. During his long reign, Burhanpur was transformed to a major centre for trade and textile production. In 1601, Mughal emperor Akbar annexed the Khandesh sultanate and Burhanpur became tha capital of Khandesh Subah of the Mughal empire.In 1609 Jahangir appointed his second son Parvez to the governorship of the Mughal provinces of the Deccan, and the prince chose Burhanpur as his headquarters.
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Burhanpur district
Burhanpur District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. The town of Burhanpur is the district headquarters.
Burhanpur District was created on August 15, 2003, from the southern portion of Khandwa District. The Tapti River flows through the district from east to west. The district is divided from Khandwa District on the north by the Satpura Range, which is also the divide between the Narmada River valley and the valley of the Tapti. The pass through the Satpuras that connects Burhanpur and Khandwa is one of the main routes connecting northern and southern India, and the Asirgarh fortress, which commands the pass, is known as the "Key to the Deccan".
The district is divided into two development blocks, Burhanpur and Khaknar, and three tehsils, Nepanagar, Burhanpur, and Khaknar. Burhanpur District is part of Indore Division. one more major town near Burhanpur is Shahpur. Shahpur is just 10 km away from Burhanpur and the most developed town in Burhanpur district.
The Burhanpur city is surrounded by gates and that is the beauty of this city.the whole city looks like a fort administered by someone. For visitors the tour to Burhanpur is not so short.
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Chandigarh
Chandigarh /ˈtʃɑːndɨɡər/ is a city and union territory in India that serves as the capital of two states, Haryana and Punjab. The name Chandigarh translates as "The Fort of Chandi". The name is derived from an ancient temple called Chandi Mandir, devoted to the Hindu goddess Chandi, in the city. It is also referred to as The City Beautiful due to its beautiful surroundings, central grid of gardens, each dedicated to different species of flora.
The city of Chandigarh was the first planned city in India and is known internationally for its architecture and urban design. The city has projects designed by architects such as Le Corbusier, Pierre Jeanneret, Jane Drew, and Maxwell Fry. The city tops the list of Indian States and Union Territories with the highest per capita income in the country at Rs.99,262 at current prices and Rs.70,361 at constant prices (2006–2007). The city was reported in 2010 to be the "cleanest" in India, based on a national government study, and the territory also headed the list of Indian states and territories according to research conducted using 2005 data by Human Development Index.
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Chennai
Chennai /ˈtʃɛnaɪ/, formerly Madras /məˈdræs/, is the capital city of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Located on the Coromandel Coast off the Bay of Bengal, it is a major commercial, cultural, and educational centre in South India, while the port of Chennai is the second largest port in India. As of the 2011 census, the city had 4.68 million residents making it the sixth most populous city in India; the urban agglomeration, which comprises the city and its suburbs, was home to approximately 8.9 million, making it the fourth most populous metropolitan area in the country.
Although the area has been part of successive South Indian kingdoms through centuries, the recorded history of the city began in the colonial times, specifically with the arrival of British East India Company and the establishment in 1644 of Fort St George, an English settlement. The British defended several attacks from the French colonial forces, and from the kingdom of Mysore, on Chennai's way to become a major naval port and presidency city by late eighteenth century. Following the independence of India, Chennai became the capital of Tamil Nadu and a hotbed of regional politics that tended to bank on Dravidian identity of the populace. Chennai had become a bustling metropolis with beautiful classical and colonial European styled buildings, lining the city’s thoroughfares.
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Chhatarpur
Chhatarpur is a city and a municipality in Chhatarpur district in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. It is the administrative headquarters of Chhatarpur District.
Chhatarpur was founded in 1785 and is named after the Bundela Rajput leader Chhatrasal, the founder of Bundelkhand independence, and contains his cenotaph. The state was ruled by his descendants until 1785. At that time the Ponwar clan of the Rajputs took control of Chhatarpur. The state was guaranteed to Kunwar Sone Singh Ponwar in 1806 by the British Raj. In 1854 Chhatarpur would have lapsed to the British government for want of direct heirs under the doctrine of lapse, but was conferred on Jagat Raj as a special act of grace. The Ponwar Rajas ruled a princely state with an area of 1,118 square miles (2,900 km2), and population of 156,139 in 1901, which was part of the Bundelkhand agency of Central India. In 1901 the town of Chhatarpur had a population of 10,029, a high school and manufactured paper and coarse cutlery. The state also contained the British cantonment of Nowgaon.
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Coimbatore
Coimbatore (Tamil: கோயம்புத்தூர், pronounced [kɔəjmbaːʈɔrɪ]), also known as Kovai (Tamil: கோவை, pronounced [kɔʋaːəj] ( listen)), is the second largest city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and the 15th largest urban agglomeration in India with a metropolitan population of over 2 million. It is a major commercial centre and has often been referred to as the "Manchester of South India".
The Coimbatore region has been ruled by the Cheras, the Cholas, the later Pandyas, the Vijayanagar Empire and the Madurai Nayaks and is believed to have been named after a chieftain called Koyan. In the 17th century, the city became a part of the Kingdom of Mysore and remained so until its conquest by the British East India Company in 1799. The history of modern Coimbatore, however, dates from the 1930s, when the city grew rapidly capitalizing on a textile boom. Since then, the city has witnessed steady growth fueled by its favourable soil, climate and political and economic conditions.
Coimbatore is administered by the Coimbatore Municipal Corporation which comprises 100 wards grouped into five zones. It is situated on the banks of the Noyyal River in western Tamil Nadu and is surrounded by the Western Ghats on all sides. It is well connected by road, rail and air with major towns and cities in India.
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Dainik Jagran
Coordinates: 26°28′50″N 80°18′07″E / 26.48050°N 80.30200°E / 26.48050; 80.30200 Dainik Jagran (Hindi: दैनिक जागरण) is a Hindi language daily broadsheet newspaper in India. According to the IRS Q2 2011, Dainik Jagran ranks No. 1 among the dailies with a Total Readership (TR) of 16.393 million. Dainik Jagran is the second largest newspaper in India, by circulation as of 2010.
Dainik Jagran was jointly founded by Shri Puranchandra Gupta & Shri Gurudev Gupta in Jhansi in 1942. In 1947 Dainik Jagran shifted its headquarters to Kanpur, where it launched its second edition on 21 September 1947. The Rewa and Bhopal editions were added in 1953 and 1956. In 1975, publication of Gorakhpur edition started, followed by Varanasi, Allahabad and Lucknow in 1979. In 1984, Meerut edition was launched, followed by Agra in 1986, Bareilly in 1989 and Delhi in 1990. Between 1997 and 2006, eighteen new editions were added, and through 2007-08, six new editions were launched.
More than 55.7 million people read Dainik Jagran making it the largest read daily in India. Currently, Dainik Jagran’s 36 editions are published across eleven states of India. Its editions are published from the following places:
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Datia State
Datia State had formerly been a state in the Bundelkhand region founded in 1626. The ruling family were Rajputs of the Bundela clan; they descended from a younger son of a former raja of Orchha. The state was administered as part of the Bundelkhand Agency of Central India. It lay in the extreme north-west of Bundelkhand, near Gwalior, and was surrounded on all sides by other princely states of Central India, except on the east where it bordered upon the United Provinces.
It was second highest in the rank of all the Bundela states after Orchha, with a 17-gun salute, and its Maharajas bore the hereditary title of Second of the Princes of Bundelkhand. The land area of the state was 2130 mi² its population in 1901 was 53,759. It enjoyed an estimated revenue of £2,00,000. The state suffered from famine in 1896-97, and again to a lesser extent in 1899-1900.
After India's independence in 1947, the Maharaja of Datia acceded unto the dominion of India; it later merged with the union of India. Datia, together with the rest of the Bundelkhand agency, became part of the new state of Vindhya Pradesh in 1950. In 1956, Vindhya Pradesh state was merged with certain other areas to form the state of Madhya Pradesh within the Union of India.
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Delhi
Delhi (/ˈdɛli/; locally pronounced Dillee or Dehli), officially the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT), is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest metropolis by population in India. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16.7 million inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census. The region has been given special status of National Capital Region under The Constitution (69th Amendment) Act, 1991. There are nearly 22.2 million residents in the greater National Capital Region urban area (which also includes the cities Noida, Greater Noida, Ghaziabad, Gurgaon,Sonepat and Faridabad along with other smaller nearby towns).
Delhi is known to have been continuously inhabited since at least the 6th century BCE, though human habitation is believed to have existed since the second millennium BCE. Delhi is also widely believed to have been the site of Indraprastha, the legendary capital of the Pandavas during the times of the Mahabharata. Delhi re-emerged as a major political, cultural and commercial city along the trade routes between northwest India and the Gangetic plain after the rise of the Delhi sultanates. It is the site of many ancient and medieval monuments, archaeological sites and remains.
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Dewas
Dewas, (Hindi/Marathi: देवास)is an ancient town situated on the Malwa plateau in the West-central part of Indian state called Madhya Pradesh, about 160 km south west from state capital, Bhopal. It is the administrative center of the Dewas District, and was formerly the seat of two princely states during the British Raj, Dewas Junior state and Dewas senior state. Today, Dewas is an industrial town, with companies like Ranbaxy and Tata International being prominent players.
The name Dewas is derived from the Devi Vaishini hill in the city, commonly known as Tekri. The hill has a temple of deity Devi Chamunda tulja bhavani and Kalika Mata. The word Dewas is also believed to be a sandhi of words Dev (deity) and Vas (Marathi for abode), thus Dewas means abode of the deity or god.
Dewas lies northeast of Indore, southeast of Ujjain, and southwest of Shajapur. The city is located on the level plains of the Malwa plateau; to the south, the land rises gently to the Vindhya Range, which is the source of the Chambal and Kali Sindh rivers that flow north through the district on their way to the Ganges.The main river in dewas is Kshipra, which is known as holy river. Dewas lies at the foot of the conical Chamunda Hill, on the summit of which is the Devi Vindhyavasini temple. Nagada, which is home to Jain and Hindu temple ruins, lies just south of the city of Dewas.
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Dhamnod
Dhamnod (IPA: [ðhamnoð]; Hindi: धामनोद, dhamnod ?) is a town and a nagar panchayat in Dhar district in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India.
Dhamnod is located at 22°13′N 75°28′E / 22.22°N 75.47°E / 22.22; 75.47. It has an average elevation of 163 metres (534 feet).
As of 2001[update] India census, Dhamnod had a population of 26,270. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Dhamnod has an average literacy rate of 60%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 68% and, female literacy is 51%. In Dhamnod, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.
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Dhanbad
Dhanbad (Hindi: धनबाद, Bengali: ধনবাদ) is a city in the state of Jharkhand, and is also known as the Coal Capital of India. Dhanbad is the 96th fastest growing city in the world. According to the 2011 census, Dhanbad is among the 53 cities of India with a population of more than one million and is the 42nd largest city. Among the rail divisions of Indian Railway, Dhanbad Rail Division is the second largest in terms of revenue generation after Mumbai division.
Dhanbad is famous for coal mining. Tata Steel, BCCL, ECL and IISCO (Indian Iron And Steel Company) are some of the companies having coal mines in the district. Coal mining, coal washing, and coke making are the main coal-related industries in the city. IISCO is now owned by SAIL, while BCCL and Eastern Coalfields Limited are subsidiaries of Coal India Limited (CIL); these two companies are the largest operators of coal mines in Dhanbad, and have open cast mines as well as underground mines, whereas Tata Steel has mostly underground mines. These companies have developed townships for their employees. The prestigious Indian School of Mines is located in the heart of the city of Dhanbad.
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Dhar
Dhār (Hindi/Marathi: धार) is located in the Malwa region of western Madhya Pradesh state in central India. It is the administrative headquarters of Dhar District. The town is located 33 miles (53 km) west of Mhow, 908 ft (277 m) above sea level. It is picturesquely situated among lakes and trees surrounded by barren hills, and possesses, besides its old ramparts, many interesting buildings, both Hindu and Muslim, some of them containing records of cultural and historical importance.
Dhar district has been on the cultural map of India since time immemorial. People used to engage themselves in fine arts such as painting, sculpture, music, dancing, etc. Many of the Bagh cave paintings of the Gupta period have now been destroyed but whatever remain tell us about the high attainment during that period. There is a beautiful painting regarding music and dance, which is an example of the oriental Hallisak dance. The depiction of nature in its affluent forms, together with male and female figures in various emotional poses is the treasure of these caves. The construction of magnificent buildings, forts, temples, mosques, etc., during the medieval period at Dhar, Mandu and the surroundings indicate the engagements and amusements of the people of those days.
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Dhar district
Dhar district (Hindi: धार जिला) is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. The historic town of Dhar is administrative headquarters of the district.
The district has an area 8,153 km². It is bounded by the districts of Ratlam to the north, Ujjain to the northeast, Indore to the east, Khargone (West Nimar) to the southeast, Barwani to the south, and Jhabua to the west. It is part of the Indore Division of Madhya Pradesh. The population of the district is 1,740,577 (2001 census), an increase of 24% from its 1991 population of 1,367,412. Pithampur is a large industrial area comes under Dhar District.
The Vindhya Range runs east and west through the district. The northern part of the district lies on the Malwa plateau. The northwestern portion of the district lies in the watershed of the Mahi River and its tributaries, while the northeastern part of the district lies in the watershed of the Chambal River, which drains into the Ganges via the Yamuna River. The portion of the district south of the ridge of the Vindhyas lies in the watershed of the Narmada River, which forms the southern boundary of the district. Physiographic Regions
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Dharampuri
Dharampuri is a town and a nagar panchayat in Dhar district in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India.
Dharampuri is located at 22°10′N 75°21′E / 22.17°N 75.35°E / 22.17; 75.35. It has an average elevation of 139 metres (456 feet).
Dharampuri is that it is at the rever side of Narmada and was the birth place of Rani Roop Mati who is mythologically the daughter of Maa Narmada and was wedded at Mandu with the emperor Baj Bahadoor.
It was also the worship Place of Maharshi Dadheechi who donated his bones to Devas for fighting with the daityas. Bilwamriteshwar Mhadev temple is placed at Island which is ancient
As of 2001[update] India census, Dharampuri had a population of 13,229. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Dharampuri has an average literacy rate of 62%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 70% and, female literacy is 53%. In Dharampuri, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age.
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Faridabad
Faridabad (Hindi: फरीदाबाद) is a city in the south-east of Haryana state in northern India, in Faridabad district. It lies at 28°25′16″N Latitude and 77°18′28″E Longitude. The district shares its boundaries with the National Capital and Union Territory of Delhi to its north, Gurgaon district to the west and Uttar Pradesh to its east and south. Faridabad enjoys a prime location both geographically and politically.It contains a big number of workers and peoples. The river Yamuna separates the District Boundary on eastern side with Uttar Pradesh. Delhi-Agra National Highway No.2 (Shershah Suri Marg) passes through the centre of the district. The city has many railway stations on the Delhi-Mathura double track broad-gauge line of the North Central Railway. The railway stations of Old Faridabad and New Industrial Township (NIT) are the major ones.
Faridabad is the largest city and one of the major industrial hubs of Haryana. It generates 60% of the revenue of the state. 50% of the income tax collected in Haryana is from Faridabad and Gurgaon. Faridabad is famous for heena production from the agricultural sector while tractors, motorcycles, switch gears, refrigerators, shoes and tyres are the famous industrial products of the city.
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Ghat Bilod
Ghata Billod is a town in dhar district of the Madhya Pradesh state of India. There are many factories in this village; one is National Steel, and Agro Industries is a major steel plant. The Chambal river is also located here.
It is located at 22°40′0″N 75°31′0″E / 22.666667°N 75.516667°E / 22.666667; 75.516667 with an elevation of 522 m above MSL.
National Highway 59 passes through Ghat Bilod. It is at a distance of 32 km from Indore. The nearest airport is Devi Ahilyabai Holkar Airport at Indore. and 22 km from dhar
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Gwalior
Gwalior (Hindi/Marathi: ग्वालियर pronunciation (help·info)) ग्वाल्हेर is a city in Madhya Pradesh, India, lying 122 kilometres (76 mi) south of Agra, and 423 kilometres (263 mi) north of Bhopal, the state capital. Gwalior occupies a strategic location in the Gird region of India, and the city and its fortress have served as the center of several of historic northern Indian kingdoms. Gwalior is the administrative headquarters of Gwalior district and Gwalior division.
It is famous for Gwalior Fort, which has changed hands many times. From the Tomaras in the 8th century it passed on to the Mughals, then the Marathas under the Scindias (1754), followed briefly by Lakshmi Bai of Jhansi, Tatiya Tope and the British.
The city has several important educational institutions including the Atal Bihari Vajpayee - Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management, Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management, Scindia School, Madhav Institute of Technology and Science, Laxmibai National Institute of Physical Education. Gwalior has five government universities: Jiwaji University, Maharaja Maan Singh Tomar music and arts university, Rajmata Vijyarahe Scindia agriculture university, Laxmibai National University of Physical Education and ABV-IIITM are government universities. Few Private institutions are also well known in this region like Aditya College, ITM University, Amity University etc.
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Harsud
Harsud was a town and a nagar panchayat in Khandwa in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. Harsud was a 700-year-old town in Khandwa District. It was submerged by the waters of the Indira Sagar dam in July 2004.
Harsud was located at 22°06′N 76°44′E / 22.1°N 76.73°E / 22.1; 76.73. It has an average elevation of 244 metres (800 feet). Now it is not on that location due to Indira Sagar Dam. That town has been shifted to Chhanera (New Harsud). Old Harsud is submerged.
As of 2001[update] India census, Harsud had a population of 15,869. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Harsud has an average literacy rate of 69%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 77%, and female literacy is 61%. In Harsud, 14% of the population was under 6 years of age.
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Hatod
Hatod is a town and a nagar panchayat in Indore district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.
Hatod is located at 22°48′N 75°44′E / 22.8°N 75.73°E / 22.8; 75.73. It has an average elevation of 559 metres (1833 feet).
As of 2001[update] India census, Hatod had a population of 9030. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Hatod has an average literacy rate of 54%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 67%, and female literacy is 39%. In Hatod, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age.
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India
India (i/ˈɪndiə/), officially the Republic of India (Bhārat Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south-west, and the Bay of Bengal on the south-east, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Burma and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; in addition, India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.
Home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history. Four of the world's major religions—Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism—originated here, whereas Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived in the 1st millennium CE and also helped shape the region's diverse culture. Gradually annexed by and brought under the administration of the British East India Company from the early 18th century and administered directly by the United Kingdom from the mid-19th century, India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by non-violent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi.
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Indore
Indore /ɪnˈdɔər/ ( Hindi (help·info)) is the largest city and the headquarters of Indore District in the state of Madhya Pradesh. Indore is located 190 km west of the state capital of Bhopal. According to the 2011 Indian census, Indore city has a population of 1,960,631 and is fourteenth most populous city in India, with a total metropolitan area population of approximately 2.3 million. It is the 147th largest city in the world. Indore is the richest city in central India and also known as "Mini Mumbai" due to it's lifestyle similarities with Mumbai. It also reflects Mumbai's potpourri of cultures, with significant Marathi, Gujarati, Marwari and Sindhi populations.
Indore is the only city of India with both an Indian Institute of Management (IIM) and an Indian Institute of Technology (IIT).
During the days of the Maratha Empire Indore was an important hub between the Deccan and Delhi. However after the death of Madhavrao Peshwa, the Maratha Empire disintegrated and Indore was declared the capital of the Holkar state, until Rani Ahilyabai Holkar moved the capital to Maheshwar.
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Indore District
Indore District (Hindi: इन्दौर जिला) is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. The district derived its name from the city of Indore, which serves as its administrative headquarters. This district is part of the Indore Division.
As of 2011 it is the most populous district of Madhya Pradesh (out of 50).
According to the 2011 census Indore District has a population of 3,272,335, roughly equal to the nation of Mauritania or the US state of Iowa. This gives it a ranking of 106th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 839 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,170 /sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 32.71 %. Indore has a sex ratio of 924 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 82.32 %.
The district has an area of 3,898 km². According to the provisional data of the 2011 census, population of the district is 3,272,335 (1,700,483 males and 1,571,852) with a sex ratio of 924 females per 1000 males. Population density is 839/km². Total literacy rate is 82.3% (male 89.2% and female 74.9%).
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Indore district
Indore District (Hindi: इन्दौर जिला) is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. The district derived its name from the city of Indore, which serves as its administrative headquarters. This district is part of the Indore Division.
As of 2011 it is the most populous district of Madhya Pradesh (out of 50).
According to the 2011 census Indore District has a population of 3,272,335, roughly equal to the nation of Mauritania or the US state of Iowa. This gives it a ranking of 106th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 839 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,170 /sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 32.71 %. Indore has a sex ratio of 924 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 82.32 %.
The district has an area of 3,898 km². According to the provisional data of the 2011 census, population of the district is 3,272,335 (1,700,483 males and 1,571,852) with a sex ratio of 924 females per 1000 males. Population density is 839/km². Total literacy rate is 82.3% (male 89.2% and female 74.9%).
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Indore Division
Indore Division is an administrative geographical unit of Madhya Pradesh state of India. Indore is the administrative headquarters of the division. Currently (2005), the division consists of districts of Barwani, Burhanpur, Dhar, Indore, Jhabua, Khandwa, and Khargone.
Coordinates: 22°42′N 75°54′E / 22.7°N 75.9°E / 22.7; 75.9
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Jabalpur
Jabalpur (Hindi: जबलपुर) often called as Sanskaardhaani is one of the major cities of India situated in the Mahakaushal region of state of Madhya Pradesh in India. It is the biggest city in the state of Madhya Pradesh by area. It is the largest urban agglomeration in Madhya Pradesh and the 38th largest urban agglomeration in India as per the 2011 census statistics.
It is bordered by Katni to the north, Umaria to the north-east, Dindori to the east, Mandla to the south-east, Seoni to the south, Narsimhapur to the south-west and Damoh to the north-west. Jabalpur is the administrative headquarters of Jabalpur district (the second most populous district of Madhya Pradesh) and Jabalpur division.
Geographically an important place, the ruling Gond dynasty of Jabalpur lent its name to the primordial continental mass Gondwana. Historically, a center of Kalchuri and Gond dynasties, Jabalpur developed a syncretic culture influenced by the intermittent reigns of the Maratha and Mughal empires. In the early nineteenth century, it was gradually annexed in British India as Jubbulpore and incorporated as a major cantonment town. Post-independence, there have been demands for a separate state of Mahakoshal with Jabalpur as its capital.
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Jaipur
Jaipur /ˈdʒaɪpʊər/ (Rajasthani: जैपर , Hindi: जयपुर Urdu: جئے پور [ˈdʒəjpʊɾ] ( listen)), also popularly known as the 'Pink City', is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Rajasthan. Founded on 18 November 1727 by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II, the ruler of Amber, the city today has a population of 3.1 million.
Jaipur is one of the finest planned cities of India, located in the semi-desert lands of Rajasthan. The city which once had been the capital of the royalty now is the capital city of Rajasthan. The very structure of Jaipur resembles the taste of the Rajputs and the Royal families. At present, Jaipur is a major business centre with all requisites of a metropolitan city.
Some of the famous areas in Jaipur include Mansarovar, the largest housing colony in Asia, Sanganer, famous for handmade paper industry and Sanganeri hand block-printing, Bapu Nagar, Malviya Nagar and Vaishali Nagar.
The city is remarkable among pre-modern Indian cities for the width and regularity of its streets which are laid out into six sectors separated by broad streets 34 m (111 ft) wide. The urban quarters are further divided by networks of gridded streets. Five quarters wrap around the east, south, and west sides of a central palace quarter, with a sixth quarter immediately to the east. The Palace quarter encloses a sprawling palace complex, (Hawa Mahal), formal gardens, and a small lake. Nahargarh Fort, which was the residence of the King Sawai Jai Singh II, crowns the hill in the northwest corner of the old city. The observatory, Jantar Mantar, is one of the World Heritage Sites. Included on the Golden Triangle tourist circuit, along with Delhi and Agra, Jaipur is an extremely popular tourist destination in Rajasthan and India.
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Jamshedpur
Jamshedpur /ˈdʒɑːmʃɛdpʊər/ (Hindi: जमशेदपुर, Bengali: জামশেদপুর, pronunciation (help·info)) is the largest urban conglomeration and most populous city in the state of Jharkhand, India . Jamshedpur is the first planned industrial city of India, founded by the late Jamshedji Nusserwanji Tata. It is also known as Steel City, TataNagar or simply Tata.
Jamshedpur is the headquarters of the East Singhbhum district of Jharkhand. It has a population of 2,337,131 (according to the 2011 census) and is the third Largest city in Eastern India after Kolkata and Patna. It ranks 36th among the 53 million-plus cities in India. It is located on the Chota Nagpur plateau and is surrounded by the picturesque Dalma Hills. The city is bordered by the rivers Subarnarekha and Kharkai on the north and west parts of the city.
Jamshedpur is a major industrial centre of East India. It houses companies like Tata Steel, Tata Motors, Tata Power, Lafarge Cement, Telcon, BOC Gases, Tata Technologies Limited, Praxair, TCE, TCS, Tinplate and many more. It is home to one of the largest industrial zones of India known as Adityapur which houses more than 1,200 small and medium scale industries.
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Jhabua
Jhabua (Hindi: झाबुआ) is a town and a municipality in Jhabua district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It is the administrative headquarters of Jhabua District.
Jhabua was the capital of a princely state of the British Raj's Central India, in the Bhopawar agency. Its area, with the dependency of Rutanmal, was approx 1,776 square miles (4,600 km2). After India's independence in 1947, its rulers acceded to India, and Jhabua became part of the newly created Madhya Bharat state, which in 1956 was merged into Madhya Pradesh. Bhabhara which was once part of the Jhabua district,is the place where Chandrasekhar Azad, the great freedom fightern spent his early life when his father Pandit Sitaram Tiwari was serving in the erstwhile estate of Alirajpur. But, when Alirajpur district (which was once the part of Jhabua district) got separated from Jhabua. Bhabhra became the part of Alirajpur district.
Jhabua has an average elevation of 318 metres (1043 feet).
As of 2001[update] India census, Jhabua had a population of 30,577. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Jhabua has an average literacy rate of 75%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 80%, and female literacy is 69%. In Jhabua, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age.
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Jhabua district
Jhabua district (Hindi: झाबुआ जिला) is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. The town of Jhabua is the administrative headquarters of the district.
Jhabua district lies in the western part of Madhya Pradesh. It is surrounded by Panchmahal and Baroda districts of Gujarat, Banswara district of Rajasthan, and Alirajpur, Dhar and Ratlam districts of Madhya Pradesh.
It has an area of 3,782 km2. The terrain is hilly and undulating. Average rainfall in the district is about 800 mm. The district is divided into five tehsils and six community development blocks.
Jhabua district was divided into two parts in May 2008, namely Alirajpur and Jhabua. Aliarajpur, Jobat, Udaigarh, Bhabra, Sondawa and Katthiwada are the 6 blocks of new district, Alirajpur. Jhabua district now consists of Habua, Meghnagar, Ranapur, Rama, Thandla and Petlawad blocks.
The district is highly drought-prone and degraded waste lands form the face for Jhabua. The women make lovely ethnic items including bamboo products, doll, bead-jewellery and other items that have for long decorated the living rooms all over the country. The men have since ages adorned "Teer-Kamthi", the bow and arrow, which has been their symbol of chivalry and self defence.
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Jobat
Jobat is a town and a nagar panchayat in Alirajpur district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.
Jobat was a princely state of India, administratively under the Bhopawar Agency subdivision of the Central India Agency. The state covered an area of 339 square kilometres in 1901. Its Hindu rulers were styled “Rana”, and succession was in the female line.
Jobat is located at 22°25′N 74°34′E / 22.42°N 74.57°E / 22.42; 74.57. It has an average elevation of 292 metres (958 feet).
Jobat is located on the banks of Dohi river. Jobat is about 184 km away from Indore (arguably most developed city in entire Madhya Pradesh). Jobat is located in Western Madhya Pradesh, very near to border of the state of Gujarat.
Jobat is well connected with Jhabua, Alirajpur, Kukshi and you can get daily transportation mediums to reach Rajgarh, Dhar, Indore, Ujjain, Bhopal, Dewas, Ratlam, Petlawad, Thandla, Dahod, Baroda and many other cities.
Meghnagar and Dahod are nearest Railway Stations. These stations are located on Mumbai-Delhi railway line, that blesses these stations with good connectivity with National Capital, Delhi, as well as economic heart of India, Mumbai.
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Jodhpur
Jodhpur /ˈdʒɒdpʊər/ (Rajasthani: जोधाणा Jodhpur.ogg (help·info); Hindi: जोधपुर) is the second largest city in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is located 335 kilometres (208 mi) west from the state capital, Jaipur and 200 kilometres (124 mi) from the city of Ajmer. It was formerly the seat of a princely state of the same name, the capital of the kingdom known as Marwar. Jodhpur is a popular tourist destination, featuring many palaces, forts and temples, set in the stark landscape of the Thar desert.
The city is known as the "Sun City" for the bright, sunny weather it enjoys all year. It is also referred to as the "Blue City" due to the blue-painted houses around the Mehrangarh Fort. The old city circles the fort and is bounded by a wall with several gates. However, the city has expanded greatly outside the wall over the past several decades. Jodhpur lies near the geographic centre of Rajasthan state, which makes it a convenient base for travel in a region much frequented by tourists.
According to Rajasthan district Gazetteers of Jodhpur and the Hindu epic Ramayana (composed up to 4th century AD), Abhiras were the original inhabitants of Jodhpur and later Aryans spread to this region.
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Kanch Mandir
Kanch Ka Mandir (काँच मंदिर in Hindi), literally Temple of Glass, is a famous Jain temple in Indore, built by legendary Seth Hukumchand Jain. The construction began sometime around 1903.
There are other temples in India known as Kanch Ka Mandir. Most of them are Jain temples. These include
Sir Seth Seth Hukumchand Jain was a legenday trader and one of India's industrial pioneer. He built a mansion at Itwaria Bazar called Shish Mahal and adjacent to it the Kanch Ka Mandir, both elegantly built using a white stone. Externally the temple is built as a medieval mansion complete with a canopied balcony and a shikhara.
The interior of Kanch Ka Mandir is entirely covered by glass panels and mozaics; including the floor, columns, walls and the ceilings. Seth Hukumchand hired craftsmen from jainpur and some even from Iran to work on the temple. The ornametations follow the old and medieval Jain style, with the major innovation being the use of multicolored glass and mirrors.
In the main Garbhagriha, the idols of the Tirthankaras are flanked by mirrors on both sides, thus their images are seen infinite times.
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Kannur
Kannur pronunciation (help·info) (Malayalam: കണ്ണൂര്, Kaṇṇūr ?), also known as Cannanore, is a city in Kannur district in the Indian state of Kerala. It is the administrative headquarters of the District of Kannur and 518 km north of state capital Trivandrum. During British rule in India, Kannur was known by its old name Cannanore(Land of lord Krishna[citation needed]), which is still in fairly common usage. Kannur is the 6th largest city in Kerala, after Thiruvananthapuram, Ernakulam, Kozhikode, Thrissur and Kollam. It is the largest city of North Malabar region. Kannur Municipality was established in 1867 and is one of the oldest municipalities in Kerala.
Kannur is one of the Million Plus urban agglomerations in India with a population of 1,642,892 in 2011. Kannur is known as the Land of Looms and Lores, because of the loom industries functioning in the district and ritualistic folk arts held in temples. Kannur is famous for its pristine beaches; Theyyam, its native performing art, and its handloom industry.
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Kanpur
Kanpur /ˈkɑːnpʊər/ (Hindi: कानपुर, Urdu: کان پور pronunciation (help·info)), spelled Cawnpore before 1948, is the Industrial Capital of Uttar Pradesh and is the administrative headquarters of Kanpur Nagar district, Kanpur Dehat district and Kanpur division. It is the eleventh-most populous city in India and the major industrial hub with in the state of Uttar Pradesh.
It is one of the oldest industrial townships of North India. It has a metropolitan area of over 1,640 square kilometres (630 sq mi) and a city area of around 829 km2 with an approximate population of 3 million inhabitants in its area. It is administratively divided into 6 zones and 110 wards with an average ward population range of 19000 to 26000.
City Development Plan for Kanpur city is both a perspective and vision for the future development. Kanpur City Development Plan (CDP) is the culmination of a study which was commenced about three months ago[when?] by JPS Associates. This report is based on invaluable inputs the consultants received from the various stakeholders and the officers associated with the development of the city. This CDP, therefore, truly reflects the vision of the citizens, the poor and the slum dwellers and the officers who are determined to make Kanpur a futuristic city in the next few years.
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Kasrawad
Kasrawad (कसरावद) is a town and nagar panchayat in Khargone district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.
Kasrawad is located at 22°08′N 75°36′E / 22.13°N 75.6°E / 22.13; 75.6. It has an average elevation of 169 metres (554 feet) and is 17 km in east from National Highway 3 (Agra to Mumbai) and about 100 km from Indore. The town is only 5 km away from the southern banks of the Holy Narmada River. It was the capital of "KUSH" son of lord Ram, hence named Kasrawad. The ancient and historical city Maheshwar is 5 km away from Kasrawad.
Maheshwar near Kasravad is noted as a center for weaving colorful cotton saris, with distinctive designs involving stripes, checks and floral borders. Additionally, other material used for making kurts etc are also made here.
Cotton, Soyabeen, Red chili peppers and bananas are main crops in this area. The Kasrawad and surrounding areas are developing very rapidly. A thread manufacturing unit has been established in Bhilgaon village 4 km from Kasrawad. Bhilgaon was earlier known as Bhileshwar. There are many smaller villages around Kasravad and folks from theses smaller villages come here for their shopping and medical needs.
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Khalghat
Khalghat is a town and a municipality in Dhar district in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India.
Dhar is located at 21°06′N 75°16′E / 21.10°N 75.27°E / 21.10; 75.27. It has an average elevation of 150 metres (495 feet).
It is located on the banks of Narmada River and National Highway 3 Agra-Indore-Dhule-Mumbai
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Khandwa
Khandwa is a town in the Nimaad (commonly and unphonetically written as Nimar by the local people) region of Madhya Pradesh, an Administrative State in central India. It is the administrative headquarters of Khandwa District, formerly known as East Nimar District.
Khandwa is an ancient town, with many places of worship, like many other towns in India. Mostly they are Hindu and Jain temples. During the 12th century AD. it was a center of Jainism. During British rule, it passed nearby Burhanpur (now a separate district) as the main commercial centre of the Nimaad region. Khandwa is a major railway junction, where the Malwa line connecting Indore with the Deccan meets the main east-west line from Mumbai to Kolkata.
It is the birth place of famous Bollywood singer Kishore Kumar Gangopadhyay. It is also famous for being the birth place of present-day Bollywood singer Shaan (singer). Apart from these, Khandwa is also famous for its local saint known nationally Dada Dhuniwaale, who took his last breath here. Famous Hindu temples at Omkareshwar and Jain temples at Siddhawarkoot are about 60 km away in Khandwa district.
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Khandwa district
Khandwa District (Hindi: खांडवा जिला), formerly known as East Nimar District, is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. The city of Khandwa is the administrative headquarters of the district.
The district has an area of 6206 km², and a population 1309443 (2011 census). Khandwa District lies in the Nimar region, which includes the lower valley of the Narmada River. The Narmada forms part of the northern boundary of the district, and the Satpura Range form the southern boundary of the district. Burhanpur District, to the south, lies in the basin of the Tapti River. The pass through the Satpuras connecting Khandwa and Burhanpur is one of the main routes connecting northern and southern India, and the fortress of Asirgarh, which commands the pass, is known as the "Key to the Deccan". Betul and Harda districts lie to the east, Dewas District to the north, and Khargone District to the west.
Khandwa district was surrendered by the Marathas to the British Raj in 1818, and later became part of the Central Provinces and Berar. The area to the west, which forms the present Khargone district, was part of the princely state of Indore. After India's independence in 1947, the Central Provinces and Berar became the new Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.
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Khargone
Khargone (खरगोन) is a district headquarters of the state of Madhya Pradesh, in central India. The Khargone district region was formerly known as West Nimar (पश्चिम निमाड़). It is the administrative headquarters of the Khargone District, with several major administrative offices of the Khargone District, including the collectorate, police, telecom and various other government organizations. The city is situated at the bank of Kunda river and is famous for its cotton and chilly (chili pepper) production. It is also known for Navgraha Mandir, a temple devoted to the nav grahas (nine planets).
According to mythology, the name "Nimar" was derived from the word "Nimarya" (निमार्य), which signifies that the land had belonged to both the Aryas and the non-Aryas. However, according to another myth, the word "Nimar" has been associated with the place due to the presence of a large number of Neem trees.
At different times in history, the area was ruled by the Kingdoms of Haihayas (हैहय) of Maheshwar, Parmar of Malwa, Aheer of Asirgarh, Muslims of Mandav, Peshwa, Mughals and Marathas. After the formation of the state of Madhya Pradesh on 1 November 1956, the district came into existence as West Nimar (पश्चिम निमाड़). Later (on 25 May 1998) due to certain administrative needs, the district was divided between Khargone and Barwani.
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Khargone district
Khargone district (Hindi: खरगोन ज़िला), formerly known as West Nimar district (Hindi: पश्चिम निमाड़ ज़िला), is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. The district lies in Nimar region, and is part of Indore Division. Khargone town is the headquarters of this district.
The district has a long history. In ancient period, the Haihayas of Mahishmati (present-day Maheshwar) ruled this region. In early medieval age, the area was under the Paramaras of Malwa and the Ahirs of Asirgarh. In late medieval age, the area was under Malwa Sultanate of Mandu. In 1531, Gujarat sultan Bahadur Shah brought this area under his control. In 1562, Akbar annexed this territory along with the whole Malwa to Mughal empire. In 1740 Marathas under the Peshwa brought the area under their control. In 1778, Peshwa distributed this territory to the Maratha rulers, Holkars of Indore, Sindhias of Gwalior and Ponwars of Dhar. After the independence and merger of the Princely states with Union of India in 1948, this territory became West Nimar district of Madhya Bharat. On November 1, 1956 this district became part of the newly formed state of Madhya Pradesh. On May 25, 1998 West Nimar district was bifurcated into two districts: Khargone and Barwani.
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Khetia
Khetia is a town and a nagar panchayat in Barwani district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. From Maharashtra State, it can be reached well by road from Shahada, Nandurbar and Dhule.
As of 2001[update] India census, Khetia had a population of 14,265. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Khetia has an average literacy rate of 66%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 75%, and female literacy is 58%. In Khetia, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.
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Kolkata
Kolkata /kɒlˈkætə/, or Calcutta /kælˈkʌtə/, is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. Located on the east bank of the Hooghly River, it is the principal commercial, cultural, and educational centre of East India, while the Port of Kolkata is India's oldest port as well as its sole major riverine port. As of 2011, the city had 4.5 million residents; the urban agglomeration, which comprises the city and its suburbs, was home to approximately 14.1 million, making it the third-most populous metropolitan area in India. As of 2008, its economic output as measured by gross domestic product ranked third among South Asian cities, behind Mumbai and Delhi. As a growing metropolitan city in a developing country, Kolkata confronts substantial urban pollution, traffic congestion, poverty, overpopulation, and other logistic and socioeconomic problems.
In the late 17th century, the three villages that predated Kolkata were ruled by the Nawab of Bengal under Mughal suzerainty. After the Nawab granted the East India Company a trading license in 1690, the area was developed by the Company into an increasingly fortified mercantile base. Nawab Siraj ud-Daulah occupied Kolkata in 1756, and the East India Company retook it in the following year and by 1772 assumed full sovereignty. Under East India Company and later under the British Raj, Kolkata served as the capital of India until 1911, when its perceived geographical disadvantages, combined with growing nationalism in Bengal, led to a shift of the capital to New Delhi. The city was a centre of the Indian independence movement; it remains a hotbed of contemporary state politics. Following Indian independence in 1947, Kolkata—which was once the centre of modern Indian education, science, culture, and politics—witnessed several decades of relative economic stagnation. Since the early 2000s, an economic rejuvenation has led to accelerated growth.
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Kukshi
Kukshi is a town and a nagar panchayat in Dhar district in the southwestern Madhya Pradesh state in central India. It is the administrative headquarters of Kukshi tehsil of the district.
Kukshi is a part of the Nimar (Nemar) region of Madhya Pradesh. It is 350 km from Bhopal and 170 km from Indore. It lies west of the Narmada River valley and south of the Vindhyas. Kukshi is the biggest tehsil of the Dhar district. It is surrounded by the districts of Dhar to the north, Khargone (West Nimar) to the northeast, Barwani to the southeast, and Alirajpur and Jhabua to the west.
Kukshi has a subtropical climate, which is made up of a hot, dry summer (April–June) followed by monsoon season (July–September), and a cool, dry winter. The average rainfall is about 45 inches per year. The temperature varies from around 10 °C in the winter to 45 °C in the summer.
As of 2001 India census, Kukshi had a population of 24,313. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Kukshi has an average literacy rate of 14%, very lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 17%, and female literacy is 6%. In Kukshi, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.
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Lucknow
Lucknow /ˈlʌknaʊ/ (Hindi: लखनऊ, Urdu: لکھنؤ, Lakhnaū, IPA: [ˈləkʰnəu] ( listen)) is a city in India and capital of the state of Uttar Pradesh. Lucknow is the administrative headquarters of Lucknow District and Lucknow Division. Located in what was originally known as the Awadh (Oudh) region, Lucknow has always been known as a multicultural city, and flourished as a cultural and artistic capital of North India in the 18th and 19th centuries. Courtly manners, beautiful gardens, poetry, music, and fine cuisine patronised by the Shia Nawabs of Iranian origin, are well known amongst Indians and students of South Asian culture and history. Lucknow is popularly known as The City of Nawabs. It is also known as the "Golden City of the East," "Shiraz-i-Hind" and "The Constantinople of India."
The ancient history of Lucknow is mired in mystries and folk sayings. It is popularly believed that Lucknow (लखनऊ) derives its name from Lakshman (लक्ष्मण) (also known as Lakhan (लखन)), younger brother of Lord Rama, greatest hero of Suryawanshi kshatriya clan of India. Ram ordered Lakshman to establish a new town near Ayodhya, the capital of Rama. Lakshman came and built a strong fort. The present Lakshman Teela (लक्ष्मण टीला) in Lucknow is believed to be the site of ancient city of Lakhanpur built by Lakshman.
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Ludhiana
Ludhiana /ˌluːdiˈɑːnə/ (also Ludhyana; Punjabi: ਲੁਧਿਆਣਾ) is a city and a municipal corporation in Ludhiana district in the Indian state of Punjab. It is the largest city in the state, with an estimated population of 1,613,878 in 2011. The population increases substantially during the crop harvesting season due to migration of laborers from states like Eastern Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Orissa and Delhi. It has an area of about 310 km². The city stands on the Sutlej River's old bank, 13 km south of its present course. It is a major industrial center of northern India. Residents of the city may be referred to as Ludhianvis.[citation needed]
Ludhiana is located 100 km west from state capital Chandigarh on NH 95 and is centrally located on National Highway 1 from Indian capital New Delhi to Amritsar, and is well connected to New Delhi by road, frequent train service and by air.
Ludhiana is a well known NRI district of Punjab with a large population living abroad in Canada, and the U.S.
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Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh /ˈmɑːdjə prəˈdɛʃ/, abbreviated MP, often called the Heart of India, is a state in central India. Its capital is Bhopal and Indore is the largest city.
Madhya Pradesh is the second largest state by area and with over 75 million inhabitants the sixth largest state in India by population. It borders the states of Uttar Pradesh to the northeast, Chhattisgarh to the southeast, Maharashtra to the south, Gujarat to the west, and Rajasthan to the northwest.
The city of Ujjain (also known as Avanti) arose as a major center in the second wave of Indian urbanization in the sixth century BC, and served as the chief city of the kingdom of Malwa or Avanti. Further east, the kingdom of Chedi lie in Bundelkhand. Chandragupta Maurya united northern India c. 320 BC, establishing the Maurya empire (321 to 185 BC), which included all of modern-day Madhya Pradesh. King Ashoka's wife was said to come from Vidisha- a town north of today's Bhopal. The Maurya empire went into decline after the death of Asoka the Great, and Central India was contested among the Sakas, Kushanas, and local dynasties during the 3rd to 1st centuries BCE. Ujjain emerged as the predominant commercial center of western India from the first century BCE, located on the trade routes between the Ganges plain and India's Arabian Sea ports. It was also an important Hindu and Buddhist center.
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Madurai
Madurai is the third largest city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu with a population of over 1 million (according to the 2001 census). Located on the banks of River Vaigai, Madurai has been a major settlement for two millennia. It is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. The city is the administrative headquarters of Madurai District. The capital of the Pandyan kingdom was initially Korkai, around 600 BCE, and was later moved to Koodal (now Madurai) during the reign of Nedunj Cheliyan I. Madurai is famous for its temples built by Pandyan and Madurai Nayak kings in the Dravidian style of architecture. It is also one of India's most prominent Hindu pilgrimage centres.
Madurai is also called as City of Junction (Koodal nagaram), City of Jasmine (Malligai maanagar), Temple city (Koil maanagar), City that never sleeps (Thoonga nagaram) and City of four junctions (Naanmada koodal).
Madurai's recorded history goes back to the 3rd century BC and the city is mentioned by Megasthenes, the Greek ambassador to India and Kautilya, the minister of the Mauryan Emperor Chandragupta Maurya. The city was the principal administrative and cultural centre of the Pandyan dynasty which ruled over the southern parts of Tamil Nadu and Kerala till the first half of the 14th century AD. In about 1311, the Pandyan dynasty was overthrown by the Delhi Sultanate which established the province of Ma'bar which later became independent as the Ma'bar Sultanate. When the Ma'bar Sultanate began to decline in the latter years of the 14th century, Madurai was absorbed into the Vijayanagar Empire. The viceroys of the Vijayanagar Empire established the Madurai Nayak kingdom and ruled as independent kings from 1559 to 1736. After a brief period of occupation by Chanda Sahib and the Carnatic kingdom, Madurai was annexed by the British East India Company in 1801.
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Maheshwar
Maheshwar (Hindi: महेश्वर) is a town in Khargone district of Madhya Pradesh state, in central India. It is located 13 km east of National Highway 3 (Agra-Mumbai highway) and 91 km from Indore, the commercial capital of the state. The town lies on the north bank of the Narmada River.
The name Maheshwar comes from Mahesh, a name for Lord Shiva. The word Maheshwar in Hindi means abode of Lord Mahesh.
Maheshwar town is built on the site of the ancient city of Somvanshya Shastrarjun Kshatriya, and was the capital of king Kartavirya Arjuna,(Shree Shastrarjun) who is mentioned in the Sanskrit epics Mahabharata and Ramayana. Maheshwar was known as Mahissati (Mahishamati in Sanskrit) in ancient times and was the capital of Southern Avanti.
Maheshwar on the banks of the Narmada was capital of King Sahasrarjun. One day the King and his 500 wives went to the river for a picnic. When the wives wanted a vast play area, the King stopped the mighty river Narmada with his 1000 arms. While they were all enjoying themselves, Ravana flew by in his Pushpak Vimana. Downstream, when he saw the dry river bed, he thought it was an ideal place to pray to Lord Shiva. He made a shivalinga out of sand and began to pray. When Sahasrajuna’s wives were done and they stepped out of the river bed, he let the waters flow. The voluminous river flowed down sweeping Ravana’s shivalinga along, messing up his prayers. Furious, Ravana tracked Sahasrajuna and challenged him. Armed to the hilt the mighty Ravana was in for a huge surprise. The mighty Sahasrarjuna with the 1000 arms pinned Ravana to the ground. Then he placed 10 lamps on his heads and one on his hand. After tying up Ravana, Sahasrarjuna dragged him home and tied him up to the cradle pole of his son. A humiliated Ravana stayed prisoner until his release was secured.
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Makrai
Makrai was a princely state of India from the 16th century, later coming under the administrative authority of the Central Provinces and Berar until 1933, when it was transferred to the Bhopal Agency subdivision of the Central India Agency. In 1892, it covered an area of 401 square kilometres (155 sq mi) and had a population of 16,784. The state's rulers bore the title "mahaRaja". The modern place of Makrai falls in the Harda District of the Madhya Pradesh state.
Makrai stands on a hill near the Sayani Nadi River and is noted for its dense forests. One well-known location is Nagjhiri and Devjhiri, a small natural well in the bank of the river through which water flows throughout the year. Other notable places include Mankameshwar Mahadev (situated in a cave), Sule Baba Ki tekri (hill Of Sule Baba), known for its tribal God and as the highest, coolest place in Makrai, the Bunred Palace (Mahal), Kaidi Ki Babdi, from where prisoners carry water from the river to the top of hill to supply the state. Here, Nathji used to worship the gods Bhilat Dev and Shiv Ji.[clarification needed]
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Malappuram
Malappuram is a city in the southern Indian state of Kerala, spread over an area of 33.61 km2. The first Municipality in the district formed in the year 1970, Malappuram serves as the administrative headquarters of Malappuram district. Divided into 40 electoral wards, city has a density of population of 1478 per km2. As per the 2011 census Malappuram Urban Agglomeration is the fourth largest urban agglomeration in Kerala state with a total population of 16,98,645. Malappuram, in malayalam, means 'On top of the hills'. Malappuram is situated 50 km southeast of Kozhikode and 90 km northwest of Palakkad on the Kozhikode (Calicut) - Chennai road (NH 213) which joins NH 47 in Palakkad.
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Malwa
Malwa (Devnagari: मालवा,) is a natural region in west-central northern India occupying a plateau of volcanic origin.
Geologically, the Malwa Plateau generally refers to the volcanic upland south of the Vindhya Range. Politically and administratively, the historical Malwa region includes districts of western Madhya Pradesh and parts of south-eastern Rajasthan. The definition of Malwa is sometimes extended to include the Nimar region north of the Vindhyas.
The Malwa region had been a separate political unit from the time of the ancient Malava Kingdom. It has been ruled by several kingdoms and dynasties, including the Avanti Kingdom, the Mauryans, the Guptas, the Parmaras, the Malwa sultans, the Mughals and the Marathas. Malwa continued to be an administrative division until 1947, when the Malwa Agency of British India was merged into Madhya Bharat (also known as Malwa Union) state of independent India.
Although its political borders have fluctuated throughout history, the region has developed its own distinct culture, influenced by the Rajasthani, Marathi and Gujarati cultures. Several prominent people in the history of India have hailed from Malwa, including the poet and dramatist Kalidasa, the author Bhartrihari, the mathematicians and astronomers Varahamihira and Brahmagupta, and the polymath king Bhoja. Ujjain had been the political, economic, and cultural capital of the region in ancient times, and Indore is presently the largest city and commercial centre.
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Manawar
Manawar is a city and a municipality in Dhar district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.
Manawar is located at 22°14′N 75°05′E / 22.23°N 75.08°E / 22.23; 75.08.It has an average elevation of 180 metres (590 feet). biggest tempel in Manawar.ex. shri pashvnath jain mandir,shri manta ganesh mandir,shri guru mandir etc.
As of 2001[update] India census, Manawar had a population of 25,460. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Manawar has an average literacy rate of 59%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 66%, and female literacy is 52%. In Manawar, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.
The name Manawar came from river MAN, flowing near Manawar.The Ashram of famous saint Shri balipurwale Babaji, also located near Manawar at Balipur. Its a religious and peaceful city biggest tempel in Manawar.ex. Shri Mangla devi mandir, shri pashvnath jain mandir,shri manta ganesh mandir,shri guru mandir etc.and gytri mandir in patel colony
Nearest Railway station and airport is Indore which is 129 km from Manawar.
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Mandav
Mandav is a town and a nagar panchayat in Dhar district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.
As of 2001[update] India census, Mandav had a population of 8545. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Mandav has an average literacy rate of 32%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 41%, and female literacy is 22%. In Mandav, 20% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Mandva is situated in the Vindhyanchal Range at 2000 feet above sea level. There is a deep ravine which separates it from the Malwa Plateau in Central India. Mandav is 100 km from Indore, the nearest airport.
The history of Mandav also known as Mandu is known from the Paramara period in the 8th century A.D. Later it was under Mughal rule. They called it Shadiabad, which means ‘The City of Joy’. The monuments are a mix of the Hindu and Afghan style of architecture
Mandu is a celebration in stone, of life and joy, of the love of the poet-prince Baz Bahadur for his beautiful consort, Rani Roopmati. The balladeers of Malwa still sing of the romance of these royal lovers, and high up on the crest of a hill, Roopmati's Pavilion still gazes down at Baz Bahadur's Palace, a magnificent expression of Afghan architecture.
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Mandleshwar
Mandleshwar is a town and a Nagar Panchayat in Khargone district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It is a town of historical and religious importance situated on the banks of Narmada River, 8 km east of Maheshwar, and 99 km south of Indore.
Mandleshwar has a great history. The great scholar Mandan Mishra lived here and had a debate with Jagadguru Adi Shankarsacharya. If you visit here you can see Gupteshwar Mahadev Temple where this great debate was held, which changed the history of India. There are many old temples containing history and art in themselves, including Chhappan-Dev, Shree Ram Temple, Shree Datta Temple, Ganga-Zira, and Kaashi Vishweshwar Temple. Vasudevanand Sarswati (a great saint) lived here for a long period. Dhawal-kunda, Hathani, Sahastradhra, Ramkund are some other places of historical importance. It is said that Swami Vivekanand lived here for some days when he was going to Raipur. Still the marks of British time are present here; SDM, DSP Office, fort, and ghat tell us the story of that time. It was also the headquarter of the Nimar Agency and cantonment under the British from 1819 to 1864. It fell to the Marathas in the 18th century and in 1740 was granted by Malhar Rao Holkar to a Brahman, Vyankatram Shastri. In 1823 it became the headquarters of the District of Nimar, which until 1864 was managed by the agent to the governor general at Indore.
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Mandsaur
Mandsaur or Mandsour (Hindi:मन्दसौर/मंदसौर) is a city in the Malwa region and district of Madhya Pradesh state of central India. It is the administrative headquarters of Mandsaur District.
The name Mandsaur evolved from Marhsaur, which originated from Marh and Saur (or Dasaur), two of the villages which merged in the town.[citation needed]The town was known as Dashapura in ancient times. The area was ruled by Dasharna people during Mahabharata period. It is probably Dasharna janapada which gave name Dashpur to the Mandsaur town.
The Mahabharata Book 2: Sabha Parva SECTION XXXI locates Trigartas along with Dasharnas, the Sivis, the Amvashtas, the Malavas, the five tribes of the Karnatas around Rohtak in Haryana as under:
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Manglaya Sadak
Manglaya Sadak is a census town in Indore district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.
As of 2001[update] India census, Manglaya Sadak had a population of 5951. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Manglaya Sadak has an average literacy rate of 61%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 71%, and female literacy is 50%. In Manglaya Sadak, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.
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Meerut
Meerut (Hindi: मेरठ, Urdu: میرٹھ) is a city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is an ancient city with settlements dating back to the Indus Valley civilization having been found in and around the area. The city lies 70 km (43 mi) northeast of the national capital New Delhi, and 453 km (281 mi) northwest of the state capital, Lucknow. It is the second largest city in the National Capital Region of India (the largest being Delhi), the 16th largest metropolitan area and 25th largest city in India. It ranked 292 in 2006 and 242 in 2010 in the list of largest cities and urban areas in the world. The city covers an area of about 172 km2 (66 sq mi) while the total area is 198 km2 (76 sq mi), third largest in Uttar Pradesh after Kanpur and Lucknow . It has the 2nd largest army cantonment in the country.[citation needed] The city is one of the largest producers of sports goods, and the largest producer of musical instruments in India. The city is also an education hub in western Uttar Pradesh.
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Meghnagar
Meghnagar is a census town in Jhabua district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.
As of 2001[update] India census, Meghnagar had a population of 10,316. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Meghnagar has an average literacy rate of 62%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 69%, and female literacy is 54%. In Meghnagar, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age.
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Mhow
Mhow is a cantonment in the Indore District in Madhya Pradesh, India. It is located 23 kilometres (14 mi) south of Indore city towards Mumbai on the Mumbai-Agra Road. The town was renamed as Dr Ambedkar Nagar in 2003, by the Government of Madhya Pradesh.
This cantonment town was founded in 1818 by John Malcolm as a result of the Treaty of Mandsaur between the English and the Holkars who ruled Indore. John Malcolm's forces had defeated the Holkars at the Battle of Mahidpur in 1818. It was after this battle that the capital of the Holkars shifted from the town of Maheshwar on the banks of the Narmada to Indore.
Mhow used to be the headquarters of the 5th (Mhow) Division of the Southern Command during the British Raj. Today this small town is associated with the Indian Army and with B. R. Ambedkar, a political leader who was born here.
Mhow was a meter gauge railway district headquarter during the British Raj and even after 1947. The irony is that Mhow still has no broad gauge railway line.
According to Hindu religious texts, Janapava kuti near Mhow is also said to be the birthplace of Parashurama, an avatar of Vishnu.
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Mhowgaon
Mhowgaon is a magflot and a nagar panchayat in Indore district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.
As of 2001[update] India census, Mhowgaon had a population of 20,521. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Mhowgaon has an average literacy rate of 68%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 76%, and female literacy is 60%. In Mhowgaon, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age.
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Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire, Shahan-e-Gurkhani, Shahan-e-Mughal, Sultanate-e-Mughliya, Daulat-e-Mughliya (Persian: شاهان گورکانی Shāhān-e Gūrkānī; Urdu: مغلیہ سلطنت; self-designation: گوركانى Gūrkānī ), or Mogul (also Moghul) Empire in traditional English usage, was an imperial power from the Indian Subcontinent. The Mughal emperors were direct descendants of Genghis Khan through Chagatai Khan and Timur. The Mughal Empire began in 1526; at the height of their power in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, they controlled most of the Indian Subcontinent—extending from Bengal in the east to Balochistan in the west, Kashmir in the north to the Kaveri basin in the south. According to "Babur-Nama", Kazakh tribal aristocracy along with number of other Turkic soldiers participated actively in the campaign of Babur, which made great influence over the development of Mughal Empire. Its population at that time has been estimated as between 110 and 150 million, over a territory of more than 3.2 million square kilometres (1.2 million square miles).
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Mumbai
Mumbai /mʊmˈbaɪ/, also known as Bombay /bɒmˈbeɪ/, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India, and the fourth most populous city in the world, with a total metropolitan area population of approximately 20.5 million. Along with the neighbouring urban areas, including the cities of Navi Mumbai and Thane, it is one of the most populous urban regions in the world. Mumbai lies on the west coast of India and has a deep natural harbour. In 2009, Mumbai was named an Alpha world city. Mumbai is also the richest city in India, and has the highest GDP of any city in South, West or Central Asia.
The seven islands that came to constitute Mumbai were home to communities of fishing colonies. For centuries, the islands were under the control of successive indigenous empires before being ceded to the Portuguese and subsequently to the British East India Company. During the mid-18th century, Mumbai was reshaped by the Hornby Vellard project, which undertook the reclamation of the area between the seven constituent islands from the sea. Completed by 1845, the project along with construction of major roads and railways transformed Bombay into a major seaport on the Arabian Sea. Economic and educational development characterised the city during the 19th century. It became a strong base for the Indian independence movement during the early 20th century. When India became independent in 1947, the city was incorporated into Bombay State. In 1960, following the Samyukta Maharashtra movement, a new state of Maharashtra was created with Bombay as capital. The city was renamed Mumbai in 1996.
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Mundi
Mundi is a town and a nagar panchayat in Khandwa district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.
Mundi is located at 22°04′N 76°30′E / 22.07°N 76.5°E / 22.07; 76.5. It has an average elevation of 289. metres (948 feet).
As of 2010[update] India census, Mundi had a population of 27,000. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Mundi has an average literacy rate of 72%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 70%, and female literacy is 52%. In Mundi, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.Mundi is the biggest town in khandwa district.
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Nagpur
Nāgpur ( pronunciation (help·info) English: Nagpore) is a city and winter capital of the state of Maharashtra, the largest city in central India and third largest city in Maharashtra after Mumbai and Pune. With a population of 2,405,421 (2011) Nagpur Metropolitan Area is the 13th largest urban conglomeration in India. It has also recently been ranked as the cleanest city and the second greenest city of India after Bangalore. In addition to being the seat of annual winter session of Maharashtra state assembly "Vidhan Sabha", [Nagpur] is also a major commercial and political center of the Vidarbha region of [Maharashtra], and is also famous throughout the country as "Orange City" for being a major trade center of oranges that are cultivated in the region. In addition, the city also derives political importance from being the headquarters for the Hindu nationalist organisation RSS and an important location for the Dalit Buddhist movement.
Nagpur lies precisely at the center of the country with the Zero Mile Marker indicating the geographical center of India. The city was founded by the Gonds but later became part of the Maratha Empire under the Bhonsles. The British East India Company took over Nagpur in the 19th century and made it the capital of the Central Provinces and Berar. After the first reorganisation of states, the city lost its capital status but according to the informal "Nagpur Pact" between political leaders it was made the second capital of Maharashtra. Nagpur is also declared, "Tiger Capital of India " as it connects many Tiger Reserves in India to the world.
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Nashik
Nashik or Nasik (Marathi: नाशिक ) ( pronunciation (help·info)) is a city in Maharashtra, India. Nashik is located in the northwest of Maharashtra, 180 km from Mumbai and 202 km from Pune. Nashik is the administrative headquarters of Nashik district and Nashik Division. Nashik, which has been referred to as the "Wine Capital of India", or as India’s Napa Valley, is located in the Western Ghats, on the western edge of the Deccan peninsula on the banks of the Godavari. In addition to supplying the name to the famed Nassak Diamond, the city is known for its picturesque surroundings and pleasant climate. The Godavari River flows through Nashik from its source, which lies to the southwest of the city, in Trimbakeshwar . Nashik Urban Agglomeration (Nashik UA) has a (projected year 2008) population of 1,620,000 and a total area of 264.23 km² which makes it the fourth largest urban area in Maharashtra in terms of population. Nashik is the third most industrialized city in Maharashtra after Mumbai and Pune .
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Navi Mumbai
Navi Mumbai (Marathi: नवी मुंबई, IAST: Navi Muṃbaī, English: New Mumbai) is a Planned Satellite City on the west coast of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It was developed in 1972 as a twin city of Mumbai, and is the largest planned city on the planet, with 163 square kilometres (63 sq mi) under the jurisdiction of the Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation (NMMC) and a total area of 344 square kilometres (133 sq mi). Navi Mumbai lies on the mainland on the eastern shore of Thane Creek. The city limits stretch from Airoli near Thane in the north, to Uran in the south. The length of the city is almost the same as that of Mumbai. The Vashi and the Airoli Bridges connect Navi Mumbai to Mumbai. A new link between Nerul and Uran is under construction. The costliest real estate and most highly developed areas of Navi Mumbai are Vashi and Nerul, while Kharghar and Panvel are experiencing major infrastructural developments due to their proximity to the proposed Navi Mumbai International Airport. Vashi is known as the king of Navi Mumbai while Nerul is called the queen of Navi Mumbai. Navi Mumbai has a population of 11,19,477 (1,119,477) according to the 2011 census of India.
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Nepanagar
Nepanagar (Hindi: नेपानगर) is a industrial township in Burhanpur district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. Nepanagar is famous for its newspaper paper mill, Nepa Mills Limited (earlier known as The National News Print Ltd). The word "NEPA" is coined from NEwsprint PAper,hence the name.This small township falls between Burhanpur and Khandwa and is surrounded by many small villages.
The Nepa mill area is covered in 107 acres of land and township 1762 acres totalling 1869 acres of land. There is a well-developed township in Nepa, which is equipped with all the facilities. The Company has 2164 residential quarters in the township.
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New Delhi
New Delhii/ˈnjuː dɛli/ is the capital city of India. As the national capital, New Delhi is the seat of executive, legislative, and judiciary branches of the Government of India. It also serves as the centre of the Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi. New Delhi is situated within the metropolis of Delhi and is one of the nine districts of Delhi Union Territory.
The definition of New Delhi is unclear and the differentiation between Delhi and New Delhi is blurry. Even administratively, the demarcation between Delhi and New Delhi is not clear. Government of India and Government of Delhi have not clearly defined the area and boundaries of New Delhi. The boundaries of areas of New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC) and New Delhi district of Delhi do not completely overlap. In 1920s, when British constructed New Delhi, there were only two Delhis' – the old walled city called Old Delhi and the new city designed by Edwin Lutyens to serve as capital of British India, which was called 'New Delhi'. The rest of Delhi was rural. But after independence as more and more areas around New Delhi urbanized they also became a part of New Delhi as they were also a part of Delhi which was 'new'. Now, almost all of National Capital Territory of Delhi, with exceptions of the old city called Old Delhi, Civil Lines area, Trans-Yamuna region, some rural areas and some underdeveloped parts of Delhi (e.g. Ashok Vihar, Timarpur, Nangloi, Sultanpuri, Mangolpuri, Badarpur etc.), is designated as 'New Delhi' in postal addresses. Especially, almost all the places in South, South-west, Central and West districts of Delhi are designated as New Delhi. Most of the time, the terms Delhi and New Delhi are used interchangeably.
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Omkareshwar
See Omkareshwar, East Nimar for town of the same name
Omkareshwar (Hindi: ओंकारेश्वर) is a Hindu temple dedicated to God Shiva. It is one of the 12 revered Jyotirlinga shrines of Shiva. It is on an island called Mandhata or Shivapuri in the Narmada river; the shape of the island is said to be like the Hindu ॐ symbol. There are two temples here, one to Omkareshwar (whose name means "Lord of Omkaara or the Lord of the Om Sound") and one to Amareshwar (whose name means "Immortal lord" or "lord of the Immortals or Devas"). But as per the sloka on dwadash jyotirligam, Mamleshwar is the jyotirling, which is on other side of Narmada river.
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Palda
Palda is a census town in Indore district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.
As of 2001[update] India census, Palda had a population of 10,859. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Palda has an average literacy rate of 53%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 64%, and female literacy is 41%. In Palda, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age.
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Pandhana
Pandhana is a town and a nagar panchayat in Khandwa district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.
Pandhana is located at 21°42′N 76°13′E / 21.7°N 76.22°E / 21.7; 76.22. It has an average elevation of 349 metres (1145 feet).
As of 2001[update] India census, Pandhana had a population of 10,999. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Pandhana has an average literacy rate of 64%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 73%, and female literacy is 53%. In Pandhana, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age.
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Pathari
Pathari is a formerly princely state of India, administratively under the Bhopal Agency subdivision of the Central India Agency. The state covered an area of 78 square kilometers and had a population of 6,293 in 1892.
Pathari's Muslim royal house was founded in 1794 by a Pashtun of the Barakzai faction from Afghanistan, who rose through the ranks of the Mughal Empire. The rulers of Pathari were styled "Nawab". Its last ruler was Muhammad Abdul Rahim Khan.
After Indian independence in 1947, the rulers of Pathari acceded to the Union of India, and the former state was incorporated into the new state of Madhya Bharat, which subsequently became Madhya Pradesh state on November 1, 1956.
Coordinates: 23°56′N 78°12′E / 23.933°N 78.2°E / 23.933; 78.2
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Patna
Paṭnā /ˈpʌtnə/ ( Hindi pronunciation (help·info)) is the capital of the Indian state of Bihar and the second most populous city in Eastern India. Patna is one of the oldest continuously inhabited places in the world.Ancient Patna, known as Pataliputra, was the capital of the Magadha Empire under the Haryanka, Nanda, Mauryan, Sunga, Gupta, Pala and during the Islamic period the seat of power for the Suri dynasty.
Pataliputra was also a seat of learning and fine arts. Its population during the Maurya period (around 300 BCE) was about 400,000.
The modern city of Patna is situated on the southern bank of the Ganges. The city also straddles the rivers Sone, Gandak and Punpun. The city is approximately 35 km long and 16 km to 18 km wide.
In June 2009, the World Bank ranked Patna in second place in India, after Delhi, in terms of the ease of starting a business. As at 2004-2005, Patna had the highest per capita gross district domestic product in Bihar, at Rs31,441. On the basis of,assumed average annual growth,Patna has been ranked as 21st fastest growing city in the world and 5th fastest growing city in India by City Mayors Foundation.Patna registered average annual growth of 3.72%,for the period of 2006-2010.
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Petlawad
Petlawad is a town and a nagar panchayat in Jhabua district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. Major town in region are Raipuria, Sarangi, Bamnia and Karwad.
Petlawad is located at 23°00′N 74°48′E / 23.0°N 74.8°E / 23.0; 74.8. It has an average elevation of 388 metres (1272 feet).
Petlawad is very much famous for the adivasi traditions, because this area belongs to Jhabua district. Famous Adivasi festival bhagoriya celebrates in many part of petlawad nagar panchyat, famous nilkantheshwar temple is here and our national birds peacock is suit petlawad conditions. petlawad was selected for residential colony for mahi dam project . colony is located one and a half kilometer from petlawad.
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Piploda State
Piploda State was a princely state in India. It was ruled by Rajputs of the Dodia clan. The state had an area of 91 km². Piploda was a dependency of Jaora state until 1924, when it became a separate state. The rulers acceded to the Government of India on 15 June 1948, and Piploda became part of Ratlam District of Madhya Bharat state.
Piploda was established in 1547 by Rawat Sawalsinghji.
Coordinates: 23°36′N 74°57′E / 23.6°N 74.95°E / 23.6; 74.95
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Pithampur
Pithampur is a town in the Dhar district of Madhya Pradesh, India. Governed by Nagar Nigam, it is a well-known industrial estate referred to as the 'Detroit of India'. Pithampur is located at a distance of about 22 km from Indore via Rau and is 8 kilometres from Mhow, which is another suburb of Indore.
Pithampur has an average elevation of about 550 meters above MSL. Pithampur has a typical sub-tropical climate. Three distinct seasons are observed, summer, monsoon and winter. Summers start in mid-March and can be extremely hot in April and May. The daytime temperatures can touch 40°C on more than one occasion. Average summer temperature may go as high as 36–39 °C (100.4 °F) but humidity is very low.
Winters are moderate and usually dry. Lower temperatures can go as low as 14°C-16°C on some nights. Usually the temperature ranges between 26°C-30°C during winters.
Rains are due to southwest monsoons. The typical monsoon season goes from June 15 till mid-September, contributing 32-35 inches of annual rains. 95% of rains occur during monssoon season. pithampur is one of the sarela town in India.
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Pune
Pune, formerly Poona (pronounced [puɳeː] ( listen)), is the eighth largest metropolis in India, the second largest in the state of Maharashtra after Mumbai, and the largest city in the Western Ghats. Once the centre of power of the Maratha Empire, it is situated 560 metres above sea level on the Deccan plateau at the confluence of the Mula and Mutha rivers. Pune city is the administrative capital of Pune district.
Pune is known to have existed as a town since 937 AD. Pune was originally called Punawadi. In 1730, Pune became an important political center as the seat of the Peshwa, the prime minister of the Chhatrapati of Satara; it was during this era that Pune became the centre of Indian politics. After the town was annexed to British India in 1817, it served as a cantonment town and as the "monsoon capital" of the Bombay Presidency until the independence of India.
Today, Pune is known for its educational facilities and relative prosperity. Pune is the cultural capital of Maharashtra. Pune has well-established manufacturing, glass, sugar, and forging industries since the 1950-60s. It has a growing industrial hinterland, with many information technology and automotive companies setting up factories in Pune district. The city is known for various cultural activities like classical music, spirituality, theatre, sports, and literature. These activities and job opportunities attract migrants and students from all over India and abroad, which makes for a city of many communities and cultures.
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Rajkot
Rajkot (Gujarati: રાજકોટ Rājkot) is the fourth largest city in the state of Gujarat, India, after Ahmedabad, Surat and Vadodara. Rajkot is the 23rd urban agglomeration in India, with a population more than 1.6 million as on 2012. Rajkot is ranked 22nd in The world's fastest growing cities and urban areas from 2006 to 2020.
Rajkot is a city of Gujarat state in India and administrative headquarters of the Rajkot District, 245 km from the state capital Gandhinagar, located on the banks of the Aji River and Nyari River. Rajkot was the capital of the then Saurashtra state from 15 April 1948 to 31 October 1956 before merging in bilingual Bombay State on 1 November 1956. Rajkot was merged into Gujarat State from bilingual Bombay state on May 1, 1960.
Rajkot has been under many different rulers since it was founded. Rajkot has a long history and played a significant part in Indian independence movement. Rajkot was one of the main trade centre's in Saurashtra.
Rajkot was founded by the then ruler of Sardhar 1607 A.D. on the west bank of Aji River, in the middle of Saurashtra. Vibhaji Ajoji was the grandson of Jam Sataji of Nawanagar, the present day Jamnagar. Rajkot was named in honor of its co-founder.
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Rajwada
Rajwada (Hindi:राजवाडा,Marathi:राजवाडा, Urdu:راجودا) is a historical palace in Indore city. Built by the Holkar about two centuries ago. This seven storied structure is located near the Chhatris and serves today as a fine example of royal grandeur and architectural skills.
The structure comprises two parts, the first one located at the heart of the city and the second one standing in the old part of the town. Rajbada palace exhibits a blend of Maratha, Mughal and French styles, the palatial structure is sure to leave you spellbound. The entrance itself is beautiful with lofty archway and a giant wooden door covered with iron studs. As one makes his way through the entrance, one is greeted with a courtyard comprising arched Ganesha hall, a number of balconies, windows, and corridors, surrounded by galleried rooms. The lower three floors are made of stone and the upper floors are made of wood.
The Rajbada was burnt three times in its history, and thus converted into a garden, till 2006 when the present Maharani of Indore, H.H. Ushadevi Holkar, decided to rebuild the wada to its past glory. She invited architects Himanshu Dudwadkar and Shreya Bhargava to design this challenging project and in 2007 the Rajbada found its place back in history. It became the only historic structure in India to have been rebuilt with exactly the same style, materials and method of construction as those of 250 years ago. Recent renovations have recreated some of the old glory of this beautiful palace. Originally built to host functions for the royals, the hall is now used for art exhibitions and classical music concerts
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Ranapur
Ranapur is a town and a nagar panchayat in Jhabua district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.
Ranapur is located at 22°39′N 74°32′E / 22.65°N 74.53°E / 22.65; 74.53. It has an average elevation of 370 metres (1213 feet).
As of 2001[update] India census, Ranapur had a population of 10,617. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Ranapur has an average literacy rate of 62%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 71%, and female literacy is 53%. In Ranapur, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age.
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Ranchi
Ranchi /ˈrɑːntʃi/ ( Hindi (help·info)) is the capital of the Indian state of Jharkhand. Jharkhand accounts for 40% of the mineral resources of India. Earlier most of the part in Jharkhand was covered by forest but now due to urbanization trees are cut and forest cover is depleting fast. Since 2011 census Ranchi now is one of the 53 million-plus cities of India and stands as the 46th largest city out of top 53.[citation needed]. Ranchi was the centre of the Jharkhand movement for a separate state for the tribal regions of South Bihar, northern Orissa, Western West Bengal and the present eastern Chhattisgarh. Jharkhand State was formed on 15 November 2000 by carving the Bihar divisions of Chota Nagpur and Santhal Parganas.
The name Ranchi comes from the original Oraon village Archi at the site. Archi derives from the Oraon word for bamboo grove or stave. According to legend, after an altercation with a spirit, a farmer beat the spirit with his bamboo stave or archi. The spirit shouted archi, archi, archi and vanished; Archi became Rachi, and Rachi became Ranchi.. One historically significant neighborhood is Doranda ('duran' 'दुरङ' means song and 'daah' 'दअः' means water in the Mundari language), between the Hinoo (Bhusur) & Harmoo Rivers, where the civil station, treasury and church established by the British Raj were destroyed by rebel forces during the Sepoy Mutiny. The present Purani (old) Ranchi marks the site of the old village of Archi.
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Rangwasa
Rangwasa is a village situated near Rau, Indore District, India. The village is situated on Rau Navda Road (a by-pass to Indore Dhar Road from Agra Bombay Road). Indore main city is around 8 km away from the village. Rau is 2 km far from the village. Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology (CAT) is attached with the village.
The Madhya Pradesh government proposed Diamond park area will have some part of land from Rangwasa village. Famous Kishkindha Dham temple, Umiyadham temple and Surya Mandir are situated in Rangwasa village. Manish Kalani Group (EWDL) has recently started building 191 Acre township in Rangwasa village at Cat Road.
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Ratlam
Ratlam pronunciation (help·info) (Hindi: रतलाम), known historically as Ratnapuri, is a city in the northwestern part of the Malwa region in Madhya Pradesh state of central India. The city of Ratlam lies 1,575 feet (480 meters) above sea level. It is the administrative headquarters of Ratlam district, which was created in 1947 after the independence of India.
Ratlam was given to Ratan Singh Rathore as a gift by Shah Jahan. Shah Jahan loved watching elephant fights and therefore held an event, choosing his favorite war elephants and inviting all the clans of Rajputana (present-day Rajasthan) to watch. From the Rathore clan, Ratan Singh was chosen. At the beginning of the festival, one of the elephants went berserk and headed towards Shah Jahan. No one in the crowd was brave enough to move to protect him. Everyone feared for their own lives and fled except Ratan Singh, who swiftly mounted the elephant. With his sword, Singh stabbed the elephant in its head and killed it. Shah Jahan saw this and was so impressed by his bravery that he gave him the entire state of Ratlam, proclaiming him as the king.
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Rau
Rau is a sub urb and a nagar panchayat in Indore district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.
Rau is situated on National Highway 3 (NH3), Mumbai Agra Road (popularly known as A.B. Road) between Mhow & Bhanwar Kua area of Indore city near Rangwasa village.
The road connecting Pithampur (An industrial area of Indore region) to Indore Central, branches out from Rau, towards Pithampur from NH3 and is one of the first toll road in the country.
Rau is situated at an altitude of about 530 meters above MSL. Climate is sub tropical which is typical in this part of country. Summers are hot and dry followed by monsoon months, with approximate 32-35 inches of rainfall followed by mild winters in the months of Dec-Jan.
Summer daytime temperature can reach 45 °C with 20-25% humidity. Winter night temperature can fall to 5-6 °C with 20-25% humidity. Annual rainfall is about 32-35 inches (800mm)
As of 2001[update] India census, Rau had a population of 20,845. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Rau has an average literacy rate of 63%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 72%, and female literacy is 54%. In Rau, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age.
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Runji Gautampura
Runji Gautampura is a town and a nagar panchayat in Indore district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.
As of 2001[update] India census, Runji Gautampura had a population of 13,221. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Runji Gautampura has an average literacy rate of 58%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 69%, and female literacy is 46%. In Runji Gautampura, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age.
runji is a patidar village there are farmer doing the agritculter and yeld the crop.
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Sanawad
Sanawad is a city and a municipality in Khargone district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.
Sanawad is located at 22°11′N 76°04′E / 22.18°N 76.07°E / 22.18; 76.07. It has an average elevation of 178 metres (583 feet).
This information is uploaded by Vasu Birla As of 2001[update] India census, Sanawad had a population of 20000. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Sanawad has an average literacy rate of 82%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 86%, and female literacy is 72%. In Sanawad, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age.
The town is famous for its Polytechnic College; situated on Indore-Khandwa Road. The town has a Government Polytechnic College of diploma, a government degree college for commerce and science, along with a private college of science. There are well-known educational institutes as M D Jain H S School, Vimala Convent School, Saraswati Vidhya Mandir, which are serving for education and culture. There are more than 5 educational institutes. Sanawad old name is "Gulshanabad". Political status of the town is strongest in the District.
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Sardarpur
Sardarpur is a town and a nagar panchayat in Dhar district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It is a town on Mahi river on the Malwa plateau.
Sardarpur was a British station in Central India during the British Raj, and was within the state of Gwalior. It was the headquarters of the political agent for the Bhopawar agency, and of the Malwa Bhil corps, originally raised in 1837 and converted into a military police battalion by around 1900.
this is the Only place where you can find "KHARMORE". Kharmore is state's bird.
The guest house is very old, built in during the British Raj.
As of 2001[update] India census, Sardarpur had a population of 6120. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Sardarpur has an average literacy rate of 70%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 79%, and female literacy is 60%. In Sardarpur, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.
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Sendhwa
Sendhwa is a city and a municipality in Barwani district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It is famous for cotton mandi. Sendhwa is also famous for its sites of historical interest, notably a black stone fort dating from the 16th century which has four main entrances, marking the four points of the compass. At the South door there is a temple complex, and therefore this is considered to be the main entrance.
Another point of interest in the area is Bijasan Tekri, which is 15km from Sendhwa and located at the border of Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh. Also of importance are the Rajrajeshwar and Gaytri Temples located inside the Sendhwa fort.
Sendhwa is the biggest revenue generating tehsil of the Barwani District and crucial in the regulation of law and order in the district. Sendhwa is the highest population in Barwani district
Sendhwa is located at 21°41′N 75°06′E / 21.68°N 75.1°E / 21.68; 75.1. It has an average elevation of 409 metres (1341 feet).
As of 2001[update] India census, Sendhwa had a population of 48,941. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Sendhwa has an average literacy rate of 63%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 70%, and female literacy is 55%. In Sendhwa, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age.
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Sinhasa
Sinhasa is a census town in Indore district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.
As of 2001[update] India census, Sinhasa had a population of 4079. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Sinhasa has an average literacy rate of 41%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 52%, and female literacy is 28%. In Sinhasa, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age.
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Srinagar
Srinagar /sriˈnɑːɡər/ ( Hindi pronunciation (help·info)) is the summer capital of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. It is situated in the Kashmir Valley and lies on the banks of the Jhelum River, a tributary of the Indus. The city is famous for its gardens, lakes and houseboats. It is also known for traditional Kashmiri handicrafts and dry fruits.
Etymologically Srinagar is composed of two Sanskrit words, śrī (venerable) and nagar, which means "city". One theory of the origin of the name is that a Pandava King Ashoka (not to be confused with the Mauryan Emperor Ashoka) built the city of Srinagari (Srinagar). Another theory is that Mauryan Emperor Ashoka founded the original city of Srinagar, then situated on the site of the present village of Pandrathan, 5 km to the north of the existing capital.
Srinagar has a long history, dating back at least to the 3rd century BC, and has been known by different names. The city was founded by the King Pravarasena II over 2,000 years ago, named it Parvasenpur. The city was then a part of the Maurya Empire, one of the largest empires of the Indian subcontinent. Ashoka introduced Buddhism to the Kashmir valley, and the adjoining regions around the city became a centre of Buddhism. In the 1st century, the region was under the control of Kushans and several rulers of this dynasty strengthened the Buddhist tradition. Vikramaditya (of Ujjain) and his successors probably ruled the regions just before the city fell to the control of the Huns in the 6th century, and Mihirkula was the most dreaded ruler of the city and the valley.
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Thandla
Thandla is a town and a nagar panchayat in Jhabua district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.
Thandla is located at 23°00′N 74°34′E / 23.0°N 74.57°E / 23.0; 74.57. It has an average elevation of 271 metres (889 feet).
As of 2001[update] India census, Thandla had a population of 12,685. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Thandla has an average literacy rate of 73%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 80%, and female literacy is 66%. In Thandla, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age.
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Thikri
Thikri is a town and a tehsil in Barwani District, Madhya Pradesh, India. Known in the area for historical, racial and religious 'Gada Khichai' program on 'Holi', which has been running since 12th century AD.
It is located at 22°4′0″N 75°23′0″E / 22.066667°N 75.383333°E / 22.066667; 75.383333 at an elevation of 162 m above MSL.
Nearest railway station is at Indore and the nearest airport is Devi Ahilyabai Holkar Airport at Indore. National Highway 3 passes through Thikri.
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Thiruvananthapuram
Thiruvananthapuram,[needs IPA]known in English as Trivandrum /trɨˈvændrəm/, is the capital of the Indian state of Kerala and the headquarters of the Thiruvananthapuram District. It is located on the west coast of India near the extreme south of the mainland. Referred to by Mahatma Gandhi as the "Evergreen city of India", the city is characterized by its undulating terrain of low coastal hills and busy commercial alleys. With more than 750,000 inhabitants in the city proper, and a population around 1.68 million when including the wider urban agglomeration, Thiruvananthapuram is the largest and most populous city in Kerala. It is an IT hub of the state with over 80% of the state's software exports.
The city houses several central and state government offices and organizations. Apart from being the political nerve centre of Kerala, it is also a major academic hub and is home to several educational institutions including the University of Kerala, and to many science and technology institutions, the most prominent being the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), Technopark, the Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST), the Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management, Kerala,Indian Institute of Science, Education and Research (IISER), the Centre for Development Studies, the International Centre for Free and Open Source Software (ICFOSS), the Regional Research Laboratory, the Centre for Earth Science Studies, Rajeev Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology and the Sree Chithira Thirunal Institute for Medical Science and Technology. It is also considered as one of the 10 greenest cities in India. Thiruvananthapuram was ranked as the best city in Kerala to live in by a recent Times of India survey
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Thrissur
Thrissur pronunciation (help·info) (Malayalam: തൃശൂര്), originally Thrisivaperoor and previously known by its anglicized form as Trichur, is the fifth largest city, the third largest urban agglomeration in Kerala (Pop. 1,854,783) and the 20th largest in India. It is also the headquarters of the Thrissur District. Thrissur city is built around a 65-acre (26 ha) hillock called the Thekkinkadu Maidan which seats the Vadakkumnathan temple. Thrissur was once the capital of the Kingdom of Cochin. It is located 300 kilometres (186 mi) towards north-west of the state capital Thiruvananthapuram.
Thrissur is also known as the Cultural Capital of Kerala because of its cultural, spiritual and religious leanings throughout history. It houses the Kerala Sangeetha Nadaka Academy, Kerala Lalita Kala Akademi and Kerala Sahitya Academy. The city hosts the Thrissur Pooram festival, the most colourful and spectacular temple festival in Kerala. The festival is held at the Thekkinkadu Maidan in April or May. Thrissur has a large number of well-known temples including the Thiruvambadi Sri Krishna Temple, Vadakkumnathan temple and Paramekkavu temple, as well as two famous churches, the Our Lady of Lourdes Metropolitan Cathedral and the Basilica of Our Lady of Dolours.
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Tiruchirappalli
Tiruchirappalli ((tiruccirāppaḷḷi) pronunciation (help·info)) (spelt as Trichinopoly in the records of British India), also called Tiruchi or Trichy, is a city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and the administrative headquarters of Tiruchirappalli District. It is the fourth largest municipal corporation in Tamil Nadu and also the fourth largest urban agglomeration in the state.
The city is believed to be of significant antiquity and has been ruled, at different times, by the Early Cholas, Early Pandyas, Pallavas, Medieval Cholas, Later Cholas, Later Pandyas, Delhi Sultanate, Madurai Sultanate, Vijayanagar Empire, Nayak Dynasty, the Carnatic state and the British. The archaeologically important town of Uraiyur which served as the capital of the Early Cholas is a suburb of Tiruchirappalli. Tiruchirappalli played a critical role in the Carnatic Wars between the British and the French East India companies. The city has a number of historical monuments, the Rockfort, Ranganathaswamy temple at Srirangam and the Jambukeswarar temple at Thiruvanaikaval being the most prominent among them.
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Ujjain
Ujjain pronunciation (help·info) (also known as Ujain, Ujjayini, Avanti, Avantikapuri), is an ancient city of Malwa region in central India, on the eastern bank of the Kshipra River (Hindi: क्षिप्रा), today part of the state of Madhya Pradesh. It is the administrative centre of Ujjain District and Ujjain Division.
In ancient times the city was called Ujjayini. As mentioned in the Mahabharata epic, Ujjayini was the capital of the Avanti Kingdom, and has been the Prime Meridian for Hindu geographers since the 4th century BCE. Ujjain is one of the seven sacred cities (Sapta Puri) of the Hindus, and the Kumbh Mela religious festival is held there every 12 years. It is also home to Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga, one of the twelve Jyotirlinga shrines to the god Shiva and is also the place where Lord Krishna got education with Balarama and Sudama from Maharshi Sandipani.
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Vadodara
Vadodara, formerly known as Baroda, is the third largest and most populated city in the Indian State of Gujarat, after Ahmedabad and Surat. Historical and archaeological findings date this place back to the 9th century when it was a small town called Ankottaka (present Akota) located on the right bank of the river Vishvamitri (whose name is derived from the great saint Rishi Vishwamitra). Ankottaka was a famous centre of Jainism in the 5th and 6th century AD. Some of the Akota bronze images can be seen in the Vadodara Museum. The city was once called Chandanavati after its ruler Raja Chandan of Dor tribe of Rajputs, who wrested it from the Jains. The capital had also another name "Virakshetra" or "Virawati" (a land of warriors). Later on it was known as Vadpatraka or Wadodará, which according to tradition is a corrupt form of the Sanskrit word Vatodar means 'in the heart of the banyan tree'. It is now almost impossible to ascertain when the various changes in the name were made; but early English travellers and merchants mention the town as Brodera, and it is from this that the name Baroda is derived. Again in 1974 the name changed to Vadodara.
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Varanasi
Varanasi Hindustani pronunciation: [ʋaːˈraːɳəsi] ( listen)), also commonly known as Banaras or Benaras (Banāras [bəˈnaːrəs] ( listen)) and Kashi, Kāśī [ˈkaːʃi] ( listen)), is a city situated on the banks of the River Ganges in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, 320 kilometres (199 mi) southeast of state capital Lucknow. It is regarded as a holy city by Hindus, Buddhists and Jains. It is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world and the oldest in India.
The Kashi Naresh (Maharaja of Kashi) is the chief cultural patron of Varanasi and an essential part of all religious celebrations. The culture of Varanasi is closely associated with the River Ganges and the river's religious importance. The city has been a cultural and religious centre in North India for several thousand years. The Benares Gharana form of the Indian classical music developed in Varanasi, and many prominent Indian philosophers, poets, writers, and musicians resided or reside in Varanasi. Gautama Buddha gave his first sermon at Sarnath located near Varanasi (Kashi).
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Vijayawada
Vijayawada ( pronunciation (help·info)) is the biggest city of the Krishna District and the third largest city in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India, after Hyderabad and Visakhapatnam, with an area of 61.88 km2. The city has a population of 1,048,240 (2011 Census), while the population of the metropolitan area is 1,491,202. The name Vijayawada, meaning "Land of Victory" is derived from the presiding deity, Kanaka Durga, also called Vijaya. The city is also popularly known by its historic name Bezawada, which is also used by the Indian Railways in assigning its railway station code "BZA".
The city originated along the southern bank of the river Krishna, with hills on its northern bank. By 1855 AD, it took shape as small settlement on the eastern side of the Indrakiladri hills. The city has been ruled by different dynasties from time to time, including the Chalukyas of Kalyan and the great ruler Krishna Deva Raya.
The city experienced modest socio-economic growth in pre-independence India. As the commercial capital of Andhra Pradesh, the city is politically active, sociologically dominant, agriculturally rich, and is an industrial transportation hub.
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Visakhapatnam
Visakhapatnam ( pronunciation (help·info)) (also known as Vizag) is a port city on the southeast coast of India. With a population of 1,435,099, it is the second-largest city in the state of Andhra Pradesh (after Hyderabad) and the third-largest city on the east coast (after Chennai and Kolkata). Visakhapatnam is located 625 kilometres (388 mi) east of the state capital, Hyderabad. The city is home to several state-owned heavy industries and a steel plant; it is one of India's largest seaports and has the country's oldest shipyard. Visakhapatnam has the only natural harbour on the east coast of India.
The city was named after Visakha, the Hindu god of valor. It is nestled among the hills of the Eastern Ghats and faces the Bay of Bengal on the east. Visakhapatnam is the administrative headquarters of Visakhapatnam district and headquarters of the Eastern Naval Command of the Indian Navy. Visakhapatnam has a nickname The City of Destiny and, more recently, the Goa of the East Coast. Like its west-coast counterpart it offers attractive beaches, laterite hillocks and a pleasing landscape. It is also a focus of urban and tourist development.
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Ahilyabai Holkar
Shrimant Akhand Soubhagyavati Devi Shri Ahilya Bai Sahib Holkar (31 May 1725 – 13 August 1795) (ruled 11 December 1767 – 13 August 1795), was the Holkar Maharani of the Malwa kingdom, India. She is often compared with Catherine II of Russia, Elizabeth I of England, Margaret I of Denmark. Ahilyabai was born in the village of Chondi(चोंडी) in Jamkhed, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra. She moved the capital to Maheshwar south of Indore on the Narmada River.
Ahilyabai's husband Khanderao Holkar was killed in the battle of Kumbher in 1754. Twelve years later, her father-in-law, Malhar Rao Holkar, died. She tried to protect her kingdom from Thugs, the plunderers. She personally led armies into battle. She appointed Tukojirao Holkar as the Chief of Army. She is also famous for her sense of justice. One day, she found her only son, putting poisonous scorpions into the shoes of her subjects resulting in their deaths. She ordered his execution under the elephant feet.
Rani Ahilyabai was a great builder and patron of many Hindu temples which embellished Maheshwar and Indore. She also built temples and Dharmshala (free lodging) at sacred sites outside her kingdom, at prominent religious places like Dwarka in Gujarat east to the Kashi Vishwanath Temple at Varanasi on the Ganges, Ujjain, Nasik and Parali Baijnath in Maharashtra. Seeing the destroyed and desecrated temple in Somanath, Rani Ahilyabai built a temple where Lord Shiva is still worshipped by Hindus.
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Aurangzeb
Abul Muzaffar Muhiu 'd-Din Muhammad Aurangzeb (Persian/Urdu: ابلمظفر محىالدين محمداورنگزيب, Hindi: अबुल मुज़फ्फर मुहिउद्दीन मुहम्मद औरंगज़ेब आलमगीर) (4 November [O.S. 25 October] 1618 – 3 March [O.S. 20 February] 1707), is more popularly known as Aurangzeb, or by his chosen imperial title Alamgir ("Conquerer of the World"), he was the sixth Mughal Emperor, whose reign lasted for 49 years, from 1658 until his death in 1707.
Aurangzeb was a notable expansionist and was also among the wealthiest of the previous Mughal rulers with an annual yearly tribute of £38,624,680 (in the year 1690), during his lifetime victories in the south expanded the Mughal Empire to more than 1.25 million square miles, he ruled over more than 150 million subjects, constituting nearly one fourth of the world's population.
Aurangzeb was born the third son and sixth child of Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal (Arjumand Bāno Begam) in Dahod on the way to Ujjain. Aurangzeb was born when Shah Jahan was a governor of Gujarat suba. In June 1626, after an unsuccessful rebellion by his father, Aurangzeb and his brother Dara Shikoh were kept as hostages under Nur Jahan at there grandfather Jahangir's Lahore court. On 26 February 1628, Shah Jahan was officially declared the Mughal Emperor, and then Aurangzeb returned to Agra fort to live with his parents and Since then Aurangzeb received his formal education in Arabic and Persian. His daily allowance were fixed to
500, while he spent his allowance in religious education and the study of history, he accused his brothers of alcoholism and womanizing.
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Bengali people
The Bengali people are an ethnic community native to the historic region of Bengal (now divided between Bangladesh and India) in South Asia. They speak Bengali (বাংলা Bangla), which is an Indo-Aryan language of the eastern Indian subcontinent, evolved from the Magadhi Prakrit and Sanskrit languages. In their native language, they are referred to as বাঙালী (pronounced Bangali). They primarily belong to Indo-Aryan and Mongolo-Dravidian stock,and are closely related to Austro-Asiatic, Dravidian, Assamese, Sinhalese, Munda, and Tibeto-Burman linguistic/ethnic stocks. As such, Bengalis are a homogeneous but considerably diverse ethnic group with heterogeneous origins. They are the second largest single ethnic group in the world[citation needed].
They are mostly concentrated in Bangladesh and the states of West Bengal and Tripura in India. There are also a number of Bengali communities scattered across North-East India, New Delhi, and the Indian states of Assam, Jharkhand, Bihar, Maharastra, Karnataka, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Orissa. In addition, there are significant Bengali communities beyond South Asia; some of the most well established Bengali communities are in the United Kingdom and United States. Large numbers of Bengalis (mainly from Sylhet) have settled in Britain, mainly living in the East boroughs of London, numbering from around 300,000; in the USA there are about 150,000 living across the country, mainly in New York. There are also millions living across the Gulf States, majority of whom are living as foreign workers. There are also many Bengalis in Pakistan, Malaysia, South Korea, Canada, Japan, Australia and many other countries (see Bangladeshi diaspora).
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Bhoja
Bhoja (also Bhojadeva) was a philosopher king and polymath of medieval India, who ruled the kingdom of Malwa in central India from about 1000 to 1050 CE. Also known as Raja Bhoja Of Dhar, he belonged to the Paramara dynasty. The name Bhoja means "bountiful, liberal" and appears as the name of a tribe, the descendants of Mahabhoja, in the Mahabharata.
Bhoja established numerous temples, including the Bhojeshvara Temple at Bhojpur, a city he founded , about 30 km from Bhopal in Madhya Pradesh on the banks of river Betwa, and the Bhoj Shala, a centre for Sanskrit studies and temple of Sarasvatī in present day Dhar.
Raja Bhoja ruled the Mālwa region from the beginning of the eleventh century to about 1055. His extensive writings cover philosophy, poetry, medicine, veterinary science, phonetics, yoga, and archery. Under his rule, Mālwa and its capital Dhar became one of the chief intellectual centres of India. King Bhoja, together with the Solanki king Bhima of Gujarat (Anhilwara), rebuilt the temple at Somnath between 1026 and 1042 after it was sacked by Mahmud of Ghazni in 1024. He founded the city Bhojpur. It is also said that Bhoja also founded the city of Bhopal, but it could be possible that the city was founded by another king of the same name. The Bhojtal (Upper Lake or bada talab) of Bhopal is said to have been constructed by Bhoja, but it is a natural lake and there is no evidence that it was constructed by Bhoja.[citation needed]
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Farrukhsiyar
Abu'l Muzaffar Muin ud-din Muhammad Shah Farrukh-siyar Alim Akbar Sani Wala Shan Padshah-i-bahr-u-bar [Shahid-i-Mazlum] (or Farrukhsiyar, 20 August 1685 – 19 April 1719) was the Mughal emperor between 1713 and 1719. Noted as a handsome ruler he was easily swayed by his advisers, he lacked the ability, knowledge and character to rule independently.
His reign witnessed the primacy of the Sayyid Brothers who became the effective powers of the land, behind the façade of Mughal rule. His constant plotting eventually led the Sayyid Brothers to officially depose him.
Farrukhsiyar first married Nawab Fakhr-un-Nisa Begum Sahiba, daughter of Mir Muhammad Taqi Husaini, a Kashmiri nobleman from the Marashi clan, sometime prior to December 1715. In September 1715, Farrukhsiyar married Indira Kanwar, daughter of Maharaja Ajit Singh of Jodhpur.
Jahandar Shah was defeated at the Second Battle of Samugarh near Agra on 10 January 1713. Following this, the Sayyid Brothers, helped Farukhsiyar to secure his throne. He took the throne On 11 January 1713, at the age of 30. Farrukhsiyar had the incumbent Mughal Grand Vizier Zulfiqar Khan Nusrat Jung, Jahandar Shah and his wife Lal Kunwar, and several nobles executed.
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Guru Radha Kishan
Guru Radha Kishan was born in the year 1925 on Krishna Janmashtami in Bid village of district Harda ( previously in Hoshangabad district ) of Madhya Pradesh in a Brahmin family of farmers. He had to experience the hardships of the life very early as his father was expired while he was a kid. It was the passion for studies and firm belief that education is a must for progress in life that he got himself enrolled for studies in a school at Chipawad near Khirkiya which was miles away from his native village.
There he read a book authored by Vladimir Ilyich Lenin on the freedom struggle of Russia and an article about Indian revolutionaries Pandit Ram Prasad Bismil, Sukhdev Thapar, Bhagat Singh and Chandra Shekhar Azad. He began his revolutionary career influenced by the martyrdom of these revolutionaries and hoisted the tricolour in his school and was sent to a reformatory school by the colonial authorities. It was the period Mahatma Gandhi visited Harda in December, 1933 when he listened Mahatma Gandhi and decided to leave his native place for the freedom struggle of India.
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John Malcolm
Major-general Sir John Malcolm (2 May 1769 – 30 May 1833) was a Scottish soldier, statesman, and historian.
Born at Burnfoot, Dumfriesshire, Malcolm was the son of George Malcolm, a gentleman farmer of Eskdale and Burnfoot. Jock, as he was then known, was one of the four Malcolm brothers who attained knighthoods or baronetcies in the service of the British Empire. In 1782, through the influence of the Johnstones of Alva, Jock Malcolm entered the service of the East India Company as a cadet, leaving from London to Madras.
In his early years at Madras, Jock Malcolm was 'not a prodigy of virtue'. He was known as 'Boy Malcolm' for many years, which his biographer explained was due to there being 'something so open and joyous in his manner; so active and so frolicsome'. He was a fine horseman and a crack shot, but like so many other young officers he soon found himself in debt. A relation in London forwarded him £200 but his brother intercepted it so that he may learn the hard way.
A part of his success is to be ascribed to the zeal with which he applied himself at first to study the manners and languages of the east. Having distinguished himself at the siege of Seringapatam in 1792, he was appointed by Lord Cornwallis to the situation of Persian interpreter to a British force serving with a native prince. In 1795, on his return from a short visit to his native country, on account of his health, he performed some useful services in General Clarke’s expedition at the Cape of Good Hope, for which he received the thanks of the Madras government, and was appointed secretary to the commander-in-chief.
wn.com/John_Malcolm -
Krishna
Krishna (Sanskrit: कृष्ण) (kṛṣṇa in IAST, pronounced [ˈkr̩ʂɳə] literally "dark, black") is a central figure of Hinduism. He is known as the eighth and "complete" avatar of Lord Vishnu, come to restore Dharma to the earth in a time of great dharmic imbalance. Krishna is identified as a historical individual who participated in the events of the Mahabharata.
Krishna is often described as an infant or young boy playing a flute as in the Bhagavata Purana, or as a youthful prince giving direction and guidance as in the Bhagavad Gita. The stories of Krishna appear across a broad spectrum of Hindu philosophical and theological traditions. They portray him in various perspectives: a god-child, a prankster, a model lover, a divine hero and the Supreme Being. The principal scriptures discussing Krishna's story are the Mahabharata, the Harivamsa, the Bhagavata Purana and the Vishnu Purana.
Worship of a deity of Krishna, in the form of Vasudeva, Bala Krishna or Gopala, can be traced to as early as 4th century BC. Worship of Krishna as svayam bhagavan, or the Supreme Being, known as Krishnaism, arose in the Middle Ages in the context of the bhakti movement. From the 10th century AD, Krishna became a favorite subject in performing arts and regional traditions of devotion developed for forms of Krishna such as Jagannatha in Orissa, Vithoba in Maharashtra and Shrinathji in Rajasthan. Since the 1960s the worship of Krishna has also spread in the West, largely due to the International Society for Krishna Consciousness.
wn.com/Krishna -
Malhar Rao Holkar
Malhar Rao Holkar (16 March 1693 – 20 May 1766) was a noble of the Maratha Empire, in present day India. Malhar Rao is particularly known for being the first Maratha Subhedar of Malwa in Central India. he was the first prince from the Holkar family which ruled the state of Indore . He was one of the early officers to help spread the Maratha rule to northern states and was the given state of Indore to rule by the Peshwa's.
Malhar Rao was born on 16 March 1693 in the village of Hol, near Jejuri, Pune District to Khanduji Holkar of Vir. Malhar Rao grew up in Taloda at house of his maternal uncle, Sardar Bhojirajrao Bargal. He later on got married to Gautama bai (d. 29 September 1761), his uncle's daughter in 1717. He also married Bana Bai Sahib Holkar, Dwarka Bai Sahib Holkar, Harku Bai Sahib Holkar, a Khanda Rani. This "Khanda Rani" status stems from the fact that she was a Rajput princess, he had sent his sword (khaaNdaa in Marathi) to represent him at the wedding, to maintain appearances.
wn.com/Malhar_Rao_Holkar -
Radha
Radha (Devanagari: राधा, IAST: Rādhā), also called Radhika, Radharani and Radhikarani, is the childhood friend and lover of Krishna in the Bhagavata Purana, and the Gita Govinda of the Vaisnava traditions of Hinduism. Radha is almost always depicted alongside Krishna and features prominently within the theology of today's Gaudiya Vaishnava sect, which regards Radha as the original Goddess or Shakti. Radha is also the principal object of worship in the Nimbarka Sampradaya, as Nimbarka, the founder of the tradition, declared that Radha and Krishna together constitute the absolute truth. Radha's relationship with Krishna is given in further detail within texts such as the Brahma Vaivarta Purana, Garga Samhita and Brihad Gautamiya tantra.
Radha is often referred to as Rādhārānī or "Radhika" in speech, prefixed with the respectful term 'Srimati' by devout followers.
In the story of Krishna, as told in the Mahabharata and the Bhagavata Purana, he spends much of his childhood in the company of young cow-herd girls, called Gopis in the village of Vrindavan. Krishna left his native place at the age of twelve for study at gurukul .The Mahabharata does not describe Krishna's earlier life in Vrindavan in much detail, and focuses more on the later battle of Kurukshetra but within the Bhagavata Purana the child-hood pastimes of Krishna are described very vividly. Within the Bhagavata Purana, Radha is not mentioned by name but is alluded to within the tenth chapter of the text as one of the gopis whom Krishna plays with during his upbringing as a young boy. Krishna left Vrindavan for Mathura at the age of 10 years and 7 months according to Bhagavata Purana. So Radha is assumed to be also 10 years old or less when Krishna left Vrindavan. It is in later texts such as the Gita Govinda where we find the story of Radha given in more detail.
wn.com/Radha
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Indore 66: Ganesh Visarjan by Rajiv Nema Indori
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:40
- Updated: 01 Feb 2013
Rajiv Nema presents a TOTALLY random comic look on people from Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. Script thanks to Indore-premi Koustubh Kekre - Now in Pune. Music by another Indore-premi Sushant Vinchurkar - Now in Chennai. Pappu Bhiyaa, who has Chai-Poha stall @ Jail Road, is the chief volunteer (Karta-Dharta) at Chimanbag Ganesh Mandal. Come Ganesh Chaturthi time, he is all about Ganejji (as Ganesh-ji is popularly known in Indore). He has to be talk of the town, his jhaanki, his chandaa collection, his cultural programs have to be the best in the town......and his Ganesh Visarjan too......
http://wn.com/Indore_66_Ganesh_Visarjan_by_Rajiv_Nema_Indori
Rajiv Nema presents a TOTALLY random comic look on people from Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. Script thanks to Indore-premi Koustubh Kekre - Now in Pune. Music by another Indore-premi Sushant Vinchurkar - Now in Chennai. Pappu Bhiyaa, who has Chai-Poha stall @ Jail Road, is the chief volunteer (Karta-Dharta) at Chimanbag Ganesh Mandal. Come Ganesh Chaturthi time, he is all about Ganejji (as Ganesh-ji is popularly known in Indore). He has to be talk of the town, his jhaanki, his chandaa collection, his cultural programs have to be the best in the town......and his Ganesh Visarjan too......
Patalpani Accident, Indore India
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:06
- Updated: 13 Feb 2013
Three members of a family were drowned as flash flood caused a sudden flow of water in the famous Patalpani waterfall near Indore. Patalpani waterfall is a famous picnic spot near Indore, and the Rathi family members, who had gone there to enjoy a quiet Sunday, had no inkling of a disaster awaiting them. The water current caught all the five people & three of them Chhavi, Chandrashekhar & Mudita downed dead, while local people rescued Mudita's brother and another youth. The video was taken by a local tourist Gaurav Patidar. This video is not for any popularity of my channel or publicity.This video teaches us sometimes extra-bravery or disobeying caution/rules can cause this type of horrible accidents.
http://wn.com/Patalpani_Accident,_Indore_India
Three members of a family were drowned as flash flood caused a sudden flow of water in the famous Patalpani waterfall near Indore. Patalpani waterfall is a famous picnic spot near Indore, and the Rathi family members, who had gone there to enjoy a quiet Sunday, had no inkling of a disaster awaiting them. The water current caught all the five people & three of them Chhavi, Chandrashekhar & Mudita downed dead, while local people rescued Mudita's brother and another youth. The video was taken by a local tourist Gaurav Patidar. This video is not for any popularity of my channel or publicity.This video teaches us sometimes extra-bravery or disobeying caution/rules can cause this type of horrible accidents.
- published: 18 Jul 2011
- views: 2292398
- author: buntydagame
Indore 68: "Indori Kolaveri" By Rajiv Nema
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:43
- Updated: 13 Feb 2013
The moment I heard the ORIGINAL KOLAVERI by Dhanush on November 16th, I was hooked. I heard the song at least 50 times within the first weekend. I knew I had to make the INDORI VERSION but couldn't come up with the RIGHT LYRICS until December 3rd. I believe I got them now. I recorded the first version with my 2 daughters.....but, alas....I didn't like the result. Then I hooked with a karaoke singer friend of mine (Sheetal Kasliwal - a fellow Indori) and we recorded this from 8PM to 3AM on December 14th. Supporting us were Vilas 'Vil' Thuse with all the audio and video needs and Ekta Kasliwal with all the 'poha, senv, kachori' needs . FINALLY....the much awaited INDORI KOLAVERI is here. Spread the music and laughter.
http://wn.com/Indore_68_Indori_Kolaveri_By_Rajiv_Nema
The moment I heard the ORIGINAL KOLAVERI by Dhanush on November 16th, I was hooked. I heard the song at least 50 times within the first weekend. I knew I had to make the INDORI VERSION but couldn't come up with the RIGHT LYRICS until December 3rd. I believe I got them now. I recorded the first version with my 2 daughters.....but, alas....I didn't like the result. Then I hooked with a karaoke singer friend of mine (Sheetal Kasliwal - a fellow Indori) and we recorded this from 8PM to 3AM on December 14th. Supporting us were Vilas 'Vil' Thuse with all the audio and video needs and Ekta Kasliwal with all the 'poha, senv, kachori' needs . FINALLY....the much awaited INDORI KOLAVERI is here. Spread the music and laughter.
- published: 07 Jan 2012
- views: 131827
- author: rnema
Amardeep maurya, president BJYM, @ DIGI NEWS Indore 09-10/02/2013
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 26:23
- Updated: 12 Feb 2013
Batchit , Amardeep Maurya, President BJYM madhya pradesh, @ DIGI NEWS Indore with Prakash Hindustani.09-10/02/2013
http://wn.com/Amardeep_maurya,_president_BJYM,_@_DIGI_NEWS_Indore_09-10_02_2013
Batchit , Amardeep Maurya, President BJYM madhya pradesh, @ DIGI NEWS Indore with Prakash Hindustani.09-10/02/2013
- published: 09 Feb 2013
- views: 249
- author: Digi Indore
Vipin wankhede, NSUI, newsmakers @ DIGI NEWS Indore. 13/02/2013
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 18:54
- Updated: 13 Feb 2013
Vipin wankhede, President MP NSUI, newsmakers @ DIGI NEWS Indore with Prakash Hindustani
http://wn.com/Vipin_wankhede,_NSUI,_newsmakers_@_DIGI_NEWS_Indore_13_02_2013
Vipin wankhede, President MP NSUI, newsmakers @ DIGI NEWS Indore with Prakash Hindustani
- published: 13 Feb 2013
- views: 23
- author: Digi Indore
Yo! Yo! Honey Singh Live In Indore Whole Concert in Full HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 28:21
- Updated: 09 Feb 2013
Hey Guys , Harsh Jain out Here and this is the whole Concert video cover performed by honey singh in indore at abhay prashal on 10th of august 2012 ... (c) Youtube.com/FilmersLounge
http://wn.com/Yo!_Yo!_Honey_Singh_Live_In_Indore_Whole_Concert_in_Full_HD
Hey Guys , Harsh Jain out Here and this is the whole Concert video cover performed by honey singh in indore at abhay prashal on 10th of august 2012 ... (c) Youtube.com/FilmersLounge
- published: 12 Aug 2012
- views: 66224
- author: Harsh jain
Teri Meri Kahaani - Indore Tour
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:22
- Updated: 13 Jan 2013
Catch Shahid Kapoor & Priyanka Chopra along with entire cast & crew promotiong Teri Meri Kahaani in Indore. The film is directed by Kunal Kohli & is releasing on 22nd June, 2012 To watch more log on www.erosnow.com For all the updates on our movies and more: twitter.com www.facebook.com For all official updates on Teri Meri Kahaani: twitter.com www.facebook.com
http://wn.com/Teri_Meri_Kahaani_Indore_Tour
Catch Shahid Kapoor & Priyanka Chopra along with entire cast & crew promotiong Teri Meri Kahaani in Indore. The film is directed by Kunal Kohli & is releasing on 22nd June, 2012 To watch more log on www.erosnow.com For all the updates on our movies and more: twitter.com www.facebook.com For all official updates on Teri Meri Kahaani: twitter.com www.facebook.com
- published: 21 Jun 2012
- views: 13821
- author: erosentertainment
Pranav Dance India Dance 3 from indore.mp4
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:05
- Updated: 30 Jan 2013
http://wn.com/Pranav_Dance_India_Dance_3_from_indoremp4
LHB rake of Indore-Yeshwantpur new train standing at Ujjain junction !!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:58
- Updated: 05 Nov 2012
Date: September 5, 2012 Here's the first video of the much awaited & yet to be inaugurated Indore-Yeshwantpur-Indore train resting at Ujjain junction.Strangely, the non-superfast train has got an LHB rake of Rajdhani livery, which consists of 7 AC coaches. Train no.19301 DN will start from Indore at 20:55 (Every Sunday), will reach Yehswantpur at 11:15 (on Tuesday).Train no.19302 UP will depart from Yeshwantpur at 13:30 (Every Tuesday), will reach Indore at 05:05 (Every Thursday). The train will use the Ujjain-Bhopal-Itarsi-Narkher-Amravati-Akola-Kacheguda route.
http://wn.com/LHB_rake_of_Indore-Yeshwantpur_new_train_standing_at_Ujjain_junction_!!
Date: September 5, 2012 Here's the first video of the much awaited & yet to be inaugurated Indore-Yeshwantpur-Indore train resting at Ujjain junction.Strangely, the non-superfast train has got an LHB rake of Rajdhani livery, which consists of 7 AC coaches. Train no.19301 DN will start from Indore at 20:55 (Every Sunday), will reach Yehswantpur at 11:15 (on Tuesday).Train no.19302 UP will depart from Yeshwantpur at 13:30 (Every Tuesday), will reach Indore at 05:05 (Every Thursday). The train will use the Ujjain-Bhopal-Itarsi-Narkher-Amravati-Akola-Kacheguda route.
- published: 28 Sep 2012
- views: 1122
- author: Ruchir Sharma
Deepak Singh, CEO IDA, newsmakers @ DIGI NEWS Indore 12/02/2013
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:54
- Updated: 12 Feb 2013
Deepak Singh, CEO IDA, newsmakers @ DIGI NEWS Indore with Prakash Hindustani 12/02/2013
http://wn.com/Deepak_Singh,_CEO_IDA,_newsmakers_@_DIGI_NEWS_Indore_12_02_2013
Deepak Singh, CEO IDA, newsmakers @ DIGI NEWS Indore with Prakash Hindustani 12/02/2013
- published: 12 Feb 2013
- views: 17
- author: Digi Indore
Indore 77: Rajiv Nema Indori helps Barack Obama win the US Presidency
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:01
- Updated: 13 Feb 2013
November 6, 2012 - a historic day for the USA. Barack Obama wins the second term thanks to the incredible support from Rajiv Nema Indori. All Indian techniques were widely used to win this very tightly fought election. (inspiration: Koustubh Kekre)
http://wn.com/Indore_77_Rajiv_Nema_Indori_helps_Barack_Obama_win_the_US_Presidency
November 6, 2012 - a historic day for the USA. Barack Obama wins the second term thanks to the incredible support from Rajiv Nema Indori. All Indian techniques were widely used to win this very tightly fought election. (inspiration: Koustubh Kekre)
- published: 07 Nov 2012
- views: 8680
- author: rnema
Yo Yo Honey Singh & Mafia Mundeer @ INDORE
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:46
- Updated: 12 Feb 2013
video by the team of www.facebook.com
http://wn.com/Yo_Yo_Honey_Singh_Mafia_Mundeer_@_INDORE
Arvind Kejriwal in Indore
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 37:36
- Updated: 10 Jan 2013
Arvind Kejirwal's speech in Indore.
http://wn.com/Arvind_Kejriwal_in_Indore
Galiyaron se @ DIGI NEWS Indore 13/02/2013
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:54
- Updated: 13 Feb 2013
newsmakers @ DIGI NEWS Indore with Prakash Hindustani.13/02/2013
http://wn.com/Galiyaron_se_@_DIGI_NEWS_Indore_13_02_2013
newsmakers @ DIGI NEWS Indore with Prakash Hindustani.13/02/2013
- published: 13 Feb 2013
- views: 3
- author: Digi Indore
Galiyaron se @ DIGI NEWS Indore 12/02/2013
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:51
- Updated: 12 Feb 2013
Galiyaron se @ DIGI NEWS Indore with Balkrishn Muley12/02/2013
http://wn.com/Galiyaron_se_@_DIGI_NEWS_Indore_12_02_2013
Galiyaron se @ DIGI NEWS Indore with Balkrishn Muley12/02/2013
- published: 12 Feb 2013
- author: Digi Indore
somanipuram Adventure Park in indore.mpg
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:49
- Updated: 08 Feb 2013
If you want a Better picnic spot and adventure place in indore than come and enjoy at somanipuram farm indore madhya pradesh. Special School packages and Corporate packages are available. For more detail see on facebook@ somanipuram visit our Website www.somanipuram.com Please contact 7354882122 and 7354882110,
http://wn.com/somanipuram_Adventure_Park_in_indorempg
If you want a Better picnic spot and adventure place in indore than come and enjoy at somanipuram farm indore madhya pradesh. Special School packages and Corporate packages are available. For more detail see on facebook@ somanipuram visit our Website www.somanipuram.com Please contact 7354882122 and 7354882110,
- published: 27 Jul 2012
- views: 2552
- author: Asif Khan
Awsome Laughter Show - IIM Indore
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:20
- Updated: 12 Feb 2013
http://wn.com/Awsome_Laughter_Show_IIM_Indore
Devi Ahliya University, Indore - Dr. Rajkamal
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 24:00
- Updated: 13 Feb 2013
Devi Ahliya University, Indore - Dr. Rajkamal, in International Conference on Mobile Communication & Embedded Technology - MECON 2013 at Amity University, Uttar Pradesh
http://wn.com/Devi_Ahliya_University,_Indore_Dr_Rajkamal
Devi Ahliya University, Indore - Dr. Rajkamal, in International Conference on Mobile Communication & Embedded Technology - MECON 2013 at Amity University, Uttar Pradesh
- published: 08 Feb 2013
- author: amityuni
Akshay Laxman LIVE - 'WE' Can Do It Together (Acropolis - Indore)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:18
- Updated: 12 Feb 2013
Contact : 9967053218 email : akshay@akshaylaxman.com
http://wn.com/Akshay_Laxman_LIVE_'WE'_Can_Do_It_Together_Acropolis_Indore
Contact : 9967053218 email : akshay@akshaylaxman.com
- published: 12 Feb 2013
- views: 18
- author: Akshay Laxman
leopard attack in indore villagers HD VIDEO
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:53
- Updated: 13 Feb 2013
ek aadam khor tendue ko pakdne gaye gaanv ke log jisne logo ko ghayal kiya aur wo nahi mil paya ye bharat ke indore ke paas gaanv ki ghatna hai jisme kayee kishan ghayal huye hai..shivendra parmar
http://wn.com/leopard_attack_in_indore_villagers_HD_VIDEO
ek aadam khor tendue ko pakdne gaye gaanv ke log jisne logo ko ghayal kiya aur wo nahi mil paya ye bharat ke indore ke paas gaanv ki ghatna hai jisme kayee kishan ghayal huye hai..shivendra parmar
- published: 13 Feb 2013
- author: shivendra parmar
The Daly College, Indore
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:59
- Updated: 08 Feb 2013
EducationWorld Films' 16-minute production on The Daly College tells the riveting story of this 125 year old prestigious boarding school and the high quality K-12 education it offers. Set up during the British Raj for the schooling of the children of Maharajas it is currently ranked among the top 10 boarding schools in the EducationWorld-C fore India's Most Respected Schools Survey 2010. Daly College offers superb academic, sports and extra-curricular education supported by highly-qualified faculty.
http://wn.com/The_Daly_College,_Indore
EducationWorld Films' 16-minute production on The Daly College tells the riveting story of this 125 year old prestigious boarding school and the high quality K-12 education it offers. Set up during the British Raj for the schooling of the children of Maharajas it is currently ranked among the top 10 boarding schools in the EducationWorld-C fore India's Most Respected Schools Survey 2010. Daly College offers superb academic, sports and extra-curricular education supported by highly-qualified faculty.
- published: 26 May 2011
- views: 9912
- author: afixisaurav
Indian Temple - Annapurna Devi Temple Indore - Indian Temple Tours
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:01
- Updated: 05 Feb 2013
Watch this spiritual video of the Annapurna Temple situated in Indore. It is a 9th century temple dedicated to Annapurna Devi the patron goddess of food for Hindus. Parvathi is called by this name in honour of once proving to Shiva that food was not a part of the maya or world of illusion. The goddess is always shown holding a ladle and a container of porridge in her hands to signify that those who invoke her will never go hungry. Subscribe to take the memorable Indian Temple Tours at www.youtube.com . Visit the ancient spiritual Indian temples and check out all tour videos here www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Indian_Temple_Annapurna_Devi_Temple_Indore_Indian_Temple_Tours
Watch this spiritual video of the Annapurna Temple situated in Indore. It is a 9th century temple dedicated to Annapurna Devi the patron goddess of food for Hindus. Parvathi is called by this name in honour of once proving to Shiva that food was not a part of the maya or world of illusion. The goddess is always shown holding a ladle and a container of porridge in her hands to signify that those who invoke her will never go hungry. Subscribe to take the memorable Indian Temple Tours at www.youtube.com . Visit the ancient spiritual Indian temples and check out all tour videos here www.youtube.com
- published: 21 Jan 2012
- views: 4397
- author: TheDivineIndia
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- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:46
- Updated: 12 Feb 2013
8349474480 Roha 8349474480 RoHa 8349474480 Roha 8349474480 indore escort service,we have massive collection of collge girls,house wifes in indore
http://wn.com/@_INdoRE_esCOrt_8349474480_,INdoRE_caLL_giRL,caLL_giRLs_INdoRE,inDOre_PErsONal_SErvICe_@
8349474480 Roha 8349474480 RoHa 8349474480 Roha 8349474480 indore escort service,we have massive collection of collge girls,house wifes in indore
- published: 14 Sep 2012
- views: 299
- author: nandini paul
photo: AP / Chris Carlson
13 Feb 2013
Investigators have found charred human remains in a burned out cabin in the mountains above Los Angeles following a fiery standoff with a gunman suspected to be a fugitive former Los Angeles police officer, authorities said. The San Bernardino County Sheriff's department said that identification of the remains would be attempted using forensic analysis ... The tension heightened as the day wore on, and local schools were locked down ... ....(size: 7.1Kb)
photo: AP / Los Angeles Police Department
11 Feb 2013
A San Bernardino County sheriff's deputy searches a home for Christopher Dorner, a former police officer, on Sunday in Big Bear Lake, Calif. (Jae C. Hong, The Associated Press) ... "We will not tolerate anyone undermining the security of the community," Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa said at a news conference. "We will not tolerate this reign of terror." ... "He has targeted those we entrust to protect the public." ... Copyright 2012 The Denver Post ... ....(size: 2.3Kb)
photo: AP / Lee Jin-man
12 Feb 2013
A magnitude 5.1 “artificial earthquake” was reported near a nuclear test site in North Korea on Tuesday morning, with South Korean Defence Ministry officials telling local media that the seismic activity was the result of a third nuclear test conducted by the reclusive state ... The reported test has, however, not yet been confirmed by North Korean State media ... The move is set to heighten regional tensions ... Keywords....(size: 3.4Kb)
photo: UN / Evan Schneider
13 Feb 2013
The UN Security Council has promised action against North Korea over its third nuclear test, calling it a clear threat to international security. At an emergency meeting, the UN said it would begin work on measures to halt the North's nuclear ambitions. The US called the test highly provocative, while China, Pyongyang's sole key ally, said it was strongly dissatisfied ... Continue reading the main story Analysis ... 'Serious threat'....(size: 4.2Kb)
photo: White House / Pete Souza
13 Feb 2013
Washington - President Barack Obama brought the wounds inflicted by the recent spate of shooting deaths to Congress on Tuesday, ending his State of the Union address with an emotional plea for tougher gun control. Speaking for victims' relatives and gun crime survivors among the guests attending the joint session of Congress, he demanded their voices be heard amid the raucous debate triggered by a spate of bloody mass shootings ... - AFP....(size: 15.2Kb)
The Times of India
13 Feb 2013
INDORE. The three-day property fair, being held by Confederation of Real Estate Developers' Association of India (CREDAI) in Indore from February 15-17, is likely to witness a footfall of 15,000 visitors ... ....(size: 0.9Kb)
The Times of India
13 Feb 2013
INDORE. Metro Cash & Carry India, a part of Metro group, has opened its 15th wholesale distribution centre in Indore ... company's store in Indore....(size: 0.7Kb)
The Times of India
13 Feb 2013
INDORE. Though prices of gold have come down on global cues, the precious metal is finding less takers in Indore ... Gold, which had gone up as high as Rs 32,900 per 10 gm, has started showing its receding trend now as it was ruling at Rs 30,600 in Indore on Wednesday and the price was likely to dip further ... in Indore that believes otherwise....(size: 1.7Kb)
The Times of India
13 Feb 2013
Zeenews
13 Feb 2013
Indore. Eleven Congress councilors of Indore Municipal Corporation were arrested for forcing their way into the Municipal Commissioner's office to hold protest demanding suspension of city engineer over last month's bridge collapse incident in Dhar Road last month, police said ... PTI ... ....(size: 1.4Kb)
The Times of India
13 Feb 2013
INDORE ... Indore Institute of Science and Technology (IIST) is an institute that closely monitors the automobile industry of our country and sees a promising ......(size: 0.8Kb)
The Times of India
13 Feb 2013
The Times of India
13 Feb 2013
INDORE. The school education department has failed to reimburse the fee for admission under right to education Act (RTE) to 185 schools in the city. The admissions were made for the session 2012-13. Even as the reimbursements are due the department has asked the schools to take up 25% admissions under RTE for the next academic session ... There is no delay from out part, he clarified. Reimbursements due ... Indore ... RTE seats in Indore this year ... ....(size: 4.3Kb)
The Times of India
13 Feb 2013
INDORE. Congress party corporators and their supporters were arrested and sent to district jail on Wednesday following their protest inside the municipal commissioner's office against delay in the probe into bridge collapse ... So they decided to protest. They also demanded stringent action against the guilty officials of Indore Municipal Corporation (IMC) ... ....(size: 1.8Kb)
Zeenews
13 Feb 2013
Addressing a press conference after reviewing the security in the town, Indore Division Commissioner Prabhat Parashar and Inspector General Anuradha Shankar said the administration will ensure that ASI's directives are followed....(size: 2.7Kb)
The Times of India
13 Feb 2013
INDORE. A student of a private law college is mulling to knock the doors of consumer forum against the college for not returning the fees that she submitted at the time of admission ... Tolani had visited the administrative campus of the varsity after her exam form was rejected by the varsity ... ....(size: 1.5Kb)
The Times of India
13 Feb 2013
INDORE. A road show was organized by a delegation of Nepal Tourism Board on Tuesday to attract tourists to experience the nature of Nepal ... "We have received overwhelming response from Indian travellers ... ....(size: 0.9Kb)
The Times of India
13 Feb 2013
This article is about the municipality in Madhya Pradesh, India. For its namesake district, see Indore District.
For other uses, see Indore (disambiguation).
| Indore | |
| Mini Mumbai | |
| — metropolitan city — | |
 |
|
|
|
|
| Coordinates | 22°25′N 75°32′E / 22.42°N 75.54°E / 22.42; 75.54Coordinates: 22°25′N 75°32′E / 22.42°N 75.54°E / 22.42; 75.54 |
| Country | India |
| Region | Malwa |
| State | Madhya Pradesh |
| District(s) | Indore District |
| Population |
1,960,631[1] (14) (2011[update]) |
| Sex ratio | 0.920 ♂/♀ |
| Literacy | 87.38%[3]% |
| Official languages | Hindi, Malvi |
|---|---|
| Time zone | IST (UTC+05:30) |
| Area • Elevation |
3,898 square kilometres (1,505 sq mi)[4] • 553 metres (1,814 ft) |
| Climate • Precipitation |
Cfa (Köppen) • 945 mm (37.2 in) |
| Website | www.indore.nic.in |
Indore /ɪnˈdɔər/ ( Hindi (help·info)) is the largest city and the headquarters of Indore District in the state of Madhya Pradesh. Indore is located 190 km west of the state capital of Bhopal. According to the 2011 Indian census,[1] Indore city has a population of 1,960,631 and is fourteenth most populous city in India, with a total metropolitan area population of approximately 2.3 million. It is the 147th[5] largest city in the world. Indore is the richest city in central India and also known as "Mini Mumbai" due to it's lifestyle similarities with Mumbai. It also reflects Mumbai's potpourri of cultures, with significant Marathi, Gujarati, Marwari and Sindhi populations.
Indore is the only city of India with both an Indian Institute of Management (IIM) and an Indian Institute of Technology (IIT).
During the days of the Maratha Empire Indore was an important hub between the Deccan and Delhi. However after the death of Madhavrao Peshwa, the Maratha Empire disintegrated and Indore was declared the capital of the Holkar state, until Rani Ahilyabai Holkar moved the capital to Maheshwar.
Etymology[link]
Theories explaining the origins and etymology behind Indore's name differ. Formerly, the city of Indore was known by many different names. The first expected name of the city was Indreshwar which was named after the Indreshwar Temple in the city. The present name, Indore, originated from the Indreshwar temple constructed in 10th century by Parmar King Raja Bhoja.
History[link]
See also: Malwa
The founders of Indore were the ancestors of the present zamindars of the region which spread from the banks of Narmada to the borders of Rajputana. Their headquarters were at a village called Kampel. In Mughal times, the founders of these families received the title of Chaudhari, which established their claim to the land. In the 18th century, the control of Malwa passed to the Peshwa clan, and the Chaudharis came to be known as "Mandloi"s (derived from Mandals meaning districts). The Holkars conferred the title of Rao Raja upon the family.[6] The family retained its possessions of royalty, which included having an elephant, Nishan, Danka and Gadi even after the advent of Holkars and also retained the right of performing the first puja of Dushera (Shami Pujan) before the Holkar rulers.
Under the Mughal rule, the family enjoyed great influence and was accorded confirmatory sanads[disambiguation needed 
] by the Emperors Aurangzeb and Farrukhsiyar, confirming their 'Jagir' rights. Rao Nandlal Chaudhary Zamindar, upon visiting the court of Delhi, received a special place in the emperor’s court along with two jewel studded swords (now on display in the Royal British Museum under the family's name) and confirmatory sanads. Raja Savai Jai singh of Jaipur, a personal friend of his, gifted him with a special "Gold Langar" which guaranteed a special place to him in all the Durbars of India. The family’s respectability and influence over Malwa was instrumental in the ascent of the Peshwas and Holkars to rulership of this region.
Rao Nandlal Chaudhary, the founder of Indore, was the Chief Zamindar (landlord), and had an army of 2000 soldiers. In 1713, Nizam was appointed as the controller of the Deccan plateau area, which renewed the struggle between the Marathas and the Mughals.
While visiting the Indreshwar Temple near the banks of river Saraswati, Rao Nandlal found the location to be safe and strategically located, being surrounded by rivers on all sides. He started moving his people in, and constructed the fort of Shree Sansthan Bada Rawala to protect them from harassment by Mughals. The city was named Indrapur (after Lord Indreshwar), and eventually came to be known as Indore.
Baji Rao Peshwa finally took control of Malwa in 1733 A.D. Malhar Rao Holkar was one of the four signatories who guaranteed the proper fulfilment of the conditions.[7] Upon victory the Peshwas appointed Malhar Rao Holkar as a “Subhedar”, which marked the beginning of Holkars' reign in Malwa.[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]
Thus, Indore came to be ruled by the Maratha Maharajas of the Holkar dynasty. The dynasty's founder, Malhar Rao Holkar, (1694–1766), was granted control of Malwa Maratha armies in 1724, and in 1733, was installed as the Maratha governor of the region. By the end of his reign, the Holkar state was de facto independent. He was succeeded by his daughter-in-law Ahilyabai Holkar who ruled from 1767 to 1795. She ruled from a palace-fort at Maheshwar, south of Indore on the Narmada River. Ahilyabai Holkar was an architectural patron who donated money for the construction of Hindu temples across India. In 1818, the Holkars were defeated by the British in the Third Anglo-Maratha War, and the Holkar kingdom became a part of the British Raj. As a result of this defeat in the Battle of Mahidpur, the treaty of Mandsaur was signed, through which the Cantonment town of Mhow was handed over to the British. The treaty also decreed that the capital of the Holkar state would shift from Maheshwar to Indore.
Indore is the 'karmbhumi' of Guru Radha Kishan. There are many respected names from the state who participated in the Indian freedom struggle but his simplicity, selflessness and complete insulation from material desire sets him apart from many others who held high offices in Independent India. His colleagues includes gandhian Prof. Mahesh Dutt Mishr, former Indore MP Homi F Dazi, painter Narayan Shridhar Bendre, freedom fighters Vinayakrao Sahasrbude, Ramchandra Sarvate, Anant Laagu and Padma Vibhushan Vinayak Sarvate.
After India's independence in 1947, Indore, along with a number of neighbouring princely states, became part of the Indian state of Madhya Bharat. Indore was designated the summer capital of this newly created state. On 1 November 1956, Madhya Bharat was merged into Madhya Pradesh and Bhopal was chosen as the capital. The city palace(Fetiyal Palace) was the seat of administration of the rulers of the Malwa region – The Holkars (26 May 1728 to 20 April 1948).
Geography[link]
Indore is located in the western region of Madhya Pradesh, on the southern edge of the Malwa plateau. It lies on the Saraswati and Khan rivers, which are tributaries of the Shipra River and has an average elevation of 553.00 meter above mean sea level. It is located on an elevated plain, with the Vindhyas range to the south. Apart from Yashwant Lake, there are many lakes that supply water to the city including Sirpur Tank, Bilawali Talab, Sukhniwas Lake and Piplyapala Talab. Soil cover in the city region is predominantly black. In the suburbs, the soil cover is largely red and black. The underlying rock of the region is composed of black basalt, and their acidic and basic variants dating back to the late Cretaceous and early Eocene eras. The area is classified as Seismic Zone III region, which means an earthquake of up to magnitude 6.5 on the Richter-scale may be expected.
Climate[link]
Indore has a transitional climate between a tropical wet and dry climate and a humid subtropical climate. Three distinct seasons are observed: summer, monsoon and winter.
Summers start in mid-March and can be extremely hot in April and May. The daytime temperatures can touch 40 °C on more than one occasion. Average summer temperature may go as high as 36–39 °C (100.4 °F) but humidity is very low.
Winters are moderate and usually dry. Lower temperatures can go as low as 4 °C-6 °C on some nights. Usually the temperature ranges between 26 °C-30 °C during winters.
Rains are due to southwest monsoons. The typical monsoon season goes from 15 June till mid-September, contributing 32–35 inches of annual rains. 95% of rains occur during monsoon season.
Indore gets moderate rainfall of 35 to 38 inches (890 to 970 mm) during July–September due to the southwest monsoon.
| Climate data for Indore | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 26.5 (79.7) |
28.8 (83.8) |
34.3 (93.7) |
38.7 (101.7) |
40.4 (104.7) |
36.2 (97.2) |
30.3 (86.5) |
28.2 (82.8) |
30.9 (87.6) |
32.4 (90.3) |
29.7 (85.5) |
26.9 (80.4) |
31.94 (89.50) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 9.8 (49.6) |
11.4 (52.5) |
16.2 (61.2) |
21.2 (70.2) |
24.4 (75.9) |
24.1 (75.4) |
22.6 (72.7) |
21.9 (71.4) |
21.1 (70.0) |
18.1 (64.6) |
13.9 (57.0) |
10.6 (51.1) |
17.94 (64.30) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 4 (0.16) |
3 (0.12) |
1 (0.04) |
3 (0.12) |
11 (0.43) |
136 (5.35) |
279 (10.98) |
360 (14.17) |
185 (7.28) |
52 (2.05) |
21 (0.83) |
7 (0.28) |
1,062 (41.81) |
| Avg. precipitation days | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 1.8 | 8.6 | 15.9 | 18.3 | 8.6 | 3.1 | 1.4 | 0.6 | 60.5 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 288.3 | 274.4 | 288.3 | 306.0 | 325.5 | 210.0 | 105.4 | 80.6 | 180.0 | 269.7 | 273.0 | 282.1 | 2,883.3 |
| Source: HKO | |||||||||||||
Civic administration[link]
Indore is administered by the Indore Municipal Corporation
Some of the regions surrounding the city are administered by the Indore Development Authority (IDA). The IMC was established in 1956 under the Madhya Pradesh Nagar Palika Nigam Adhiniyam. For administrative purposes, the city is divided into 69 wards. These wards have been further divided into 11 zones.
The main institution involved in planning and development in Indore is IDA. The jurisdiction of this agency is demarcated clearly not only physically but also functionally. The principal responsibility of IDA is to ensure a holistic development of the Indore agglomeration covering an area of 19.718 km2 as per Master plans.[17][18]
The corporators are elected from each ward, who in turn elect a mayor. The mayor is responsible for the day-to-day running of the city services, municipal school board, the city bus service, the municipal hospital and the city library. Executive powers are vested in the municipal commissioner, who is an IAS officer appointed by the Madhya Pradesh state government. The Indore City Police are headed by an Inspector General, an IPS officer.
Demographics[link]
Indore's total population as per the provisional population data for census 2011 is reported to be 1,960,631.
Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%.[19]
As per 2011 census, the city of Indore has an average literacy rate of 87.38%, higher than the national average of 74%. Male literacy was 91.84%, and Female literacy was 82.55%[20] In Indore, 12.72% of the population is under 6 years of age (as per census 2011).[19] The average annual growth rate of population is around 2.85% as per the statistics of census 2001. Hindi is the main language spoken here with Malwi and Marathi spoken as well.[citation needed]. Ethnically, Marathis and Hindi linguistics form major sub groups in the city followed by Sindhis, Bengalis, Punjabis, Gujaratis and South Indian and others.
See also: List of cities in Madhya Pradesh
Transport[link]
Air[link]
Indore is served by the Devi Ahilyabai Holkar International Airport. Indore airport is about 8 km from the city and currently handles only domestic traffic. It is a major airport in the state of Madhya Pradesh. The new international terminals are also working now, for many international direct and indirect flights. The airport has been operating services by Indian Airlines, Jet Airways Konnect, Jet Lite, IndiGo, SpiceJet. Indore has a direct connectivity to major cities of India like Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Bhopal, Hyderabad, Gwalior, Jabalpur, Jodhpur, Mumbai, Nagpur, Khajuraho, New Delhi, Pune, Rewa and Raipur.[21]
Rail[link]
The City Railway Division comes under Ratlam Division of the Western Railways. Indore Junction BG is the main and terminal station on the broad gauge line connecting it to the rest of the country. In the Railway budget of 2009 Indore main railway station was listed for upgrade along with other 300 stations across India. Indore is directly connected to the metro cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Pune, Lucknow and Jaipur. Indore is one of the several places in India with both meter gauge and broad gauge railways operational. Regular train services connect Indore to most parts of the country. Electrification of the Indore – Dewas – Ujjain is currently underway.
Indore lies on the Ratlam and Akola metre gauge railway line, the longest remaining functional meter gauge line in India. This section is scheduled for conversion to standard broad gauge under Indian Railways' projected Unigauge system.
Road[link]
Indore is connected to other parts of India through national and state highways. The major national highways passing through the city are:
- National Highway No. 3 (NH3 – Agra Bombay)
- National Highway No. 59 (NH 59 – Indore Ahmedabad)
- National Highway No. 59A (Indore – Betul – Nagpur connecting NH 69 )
The Mumbai- Indore section of the National Highway No. 3 and the Ahmedabad – Indore section of the National Highway No. 59 are undergoing multi laning under the NHDP program. Other important regional highways are:
- State Highway No. 27 (Indore to Burhanpur)
- State Highway No. 34 (Indore to Jhansi)
Local transport[link]
Indore has a public transport system. Atal Indore City Transport Services Ltd, a PPP scheme operates buses and radio taxis in the city. The buses – designated as City Bus today operate on 36 Routes, with around 170 bus stop stations. The buses are color coded according to their route. Some of these buses are also equipped with services like GPS and IVR (around 300) which are used to track the position of the bus with information displayed on LED displays installed on the bus stops. Local transport also includes Auto rickshaw, Van and Local City Ride Buses called Nagar Seva. Many cab services have recently started serving the city, like Metro taxi, City cabs. The major bus terminals are Sarwate bus terminal, Gangwal bus terminal, Navlakha bus stand. Indore have recently started one more transport facility that is star cab.
Economy[link]
Indore is often referred as the commercial capital of Madhya Pradesh with a bulk of its trade coming from Small, Mid and Large scale manufacturing & service industries. These industries range from Automobile to Pharmaceutical and from Software to Retail and from Textile trading to Real estate. Major industrial areas surrounding the city include the Pithampur Special Economic Zone and the Sanwer Industrial belt. Pithampur is also known as the Detroit of India.[22][23] Pithampur industrial area houses many big auto companies. Prominent among these are Force Motors, Volvo Eicher commercial, Avtec, Mahindra 2 wheelers Ltd.
Pune-based Indian multinational Bharat Forge Limited (BFL)company eyeing customers based in Pithampur, is all set to open its unit in Indore region.The company plans to start first phase of its manufacturing unit in Betma with an estimated cost of `150 crore on 68 acre of land by 2014.They envisage to increase the investment to `1000 crore by 2016.[24]
While the Textile manufacturing and Trading is the oldest business to contribute to economy, the Real Estate has emerged very fast in past few years. National Real Estate Players DLF Limited,Suncity (ZEE Group), Omaxe, Sahara, Parsvnath, Ansal API, Emaar MGF have already launched their residential projects in Indore. These projects are generally on the Indore bypass. This road also houses the projects of many local and regional Real estate players like Silver spring, Kalindi, Milan Heights etc.
Major software firms in Indore include Impetus, IBM India[25] and Computer Sciences Corporation (CSC). Also many small and medium size software development firms are also established. In the software front a major event occurred in the first half of 2011 when India's biggest software company Tata Consultancy Services decided to open a campus in Indore. Government of MP has also done the land allotment.[26]
Infosys, country’s second largest information technology services company, plans to set up new development centre at Indore in Madhya Pradesh at an investment of Rs 100 crore in phase one.[27]
Pithampur near Indore houses production plants of various Pharmaceutical companies like Ipca Laboratories, Cipla, Lupin, Glenmark, Unichem.
Education[link]
Main article: Education in Indore
Indore is home to several educational institutions for pre-primary, primary, secondary, high-secondary, senior-secondary, graduation and post-graduation studies. It is the only city in India to house both Indian Institute of Management and Indian Institute of Technology. Most primary and secondary schools in Indore are affiliated with the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE); however, a number of schools have affiliation with Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE) board, NIOS board and the state level M.P. Board.
Media[link]
Several state newspapers and national media houses have their regional offices in Indore.
Arts and theatre[link]
Ravindra Natya Grah, Abhivyakti Centre of Fine Arts & Performing Arts, Deolalikar Kala Vithika are located in the city. There are also various cultural clubs like Sanand Nyas, Ras Bharati, Kala Abhivyakti, Yeshwant Club and Sayaji Club.
Print media[link]
There are about 20 Hindi dailies, two English dailies, 26 weeklies and monthlies, 4 quarterlies, 2 Bi-monthly Magazine and one annual paper published from the city.India's only magazine on pump industry PUMPS INDIA & valve magazine VALVES INDIA is published from here.[28] The major Hindi dailies include the:- Raj Express, Nai Dunia, Dainik Bhaskar, Dainik Jagran, Patrika, BPN Times, Agnibaan, & PrabhatKiran and SatyaRaj. The major English dailies are The Times of India, Hindustan Times, The Hindu, Free Press, Business Standard, The Economic Times, and DNA .
Indore is covered by a large network of optical fibre cables. There are three fixed telephone line operators in the city: BSNL, Reliance and Airtel. There are eight mobile phone companies in which GSM players include BSNL, Reliance, Vodafone, Idea, Airtel, Aircel, Tata DoCoMo, Videocon Mobile Service while CDMA services offered by BSNL, Virgin Mobile, Tata Indicom, and Reliance.
Sports[link]
Indore has 2 stadiums, Nehru Stadium and Holkar Cricket Stadium.[29] Indore has many sports stadium and sports complexes Basketball complex, opposite Holkar cricket stadium, Table-Tennis Hall. Small stadium Near Nehru stadium, Khalsa school stadium, Maharaj school stadium and other
Culture[link]
Indore has a cosmopolitan culture. Hindu, Muslim, Jains, Christians, Sikh, Parsi, Bahai's, Bohra and several other Culture are living peacefully in the city. Normally mixed culture is found across the city. Indore was included in holding two Guinness Book of World Records[30] for the largest tea party in the world and for making the largest burger of the world.
Food[link]
Indore has a wide variety of Namkeens, Poha & Jalebi, Chaats (snacks), Kachoris and Samosas, cuisines of various types in different restaurants, and Bengali, Muslim, mugalp, Rajasthani, continental and confectionery sweets, as well as dishes such as Dal-Bafla. Most important place in Indore for Foodies is Sarafa Bazar, where a wide range of Indian Fast food is available. Chhappan Dukan is a major food junction in Indore, where the youth & family gathers on the road side shops for Indian Snacks. Generally, Namkeen is served on top of a variety of food items served in Indore.
The life in Indore starts early with chuskis of 'Chay' (tea) with 'garam garam poha & Jalebi' followed by delicious lunch which invariably includes popular 'besan preparations'. Later in the day one can easily find snacks like 'Khaman', 'Kachori – aaloo kachori, dal kachori etc.', 'samosa', 'petis', 'Baked Samosa', 'Bhel puri',' Pani Puri', 'mathri' etc. Numerous Shops of Sweets have enjoyed nice business in Indore. Late nights another market comes alive at 11:00 pm in Sarafa (the heart of city) where one finds lot of delicacies to enjoy after a nice dinner like – 'Gajak','Bhutta kis', 'Gulab Jamoon', 'garadu', 'Rabri', 'HOT BOILED MILK', 'aalo tikiya', 'Halua : – Gajar, Moong', icecreams, 'shakes' etc. and finally tasty 'paan' to end your day.
Specialities:
Sweets:Moong ka Halua, Gajar ka Halua, Rabri, Maalpua, Faluda kulfi, Gulab Jamoon, Ras-Malai, RasGulla, All Bengali Sweets available at Sarafa & 56 Shops at Palasia.
Namkeen : Sev with all its varieties, Mixure, Dhania-Chivda, Dal Moth,Papdi, Gathiya, Khaman, Kachori-Samosa,Petis, Garadu, Aalo Tikiya, Pani-Puri, Bhel-Puri, Saboodana Khichadi, Dahi Bada, Pakoda, Bhutte ka Kis.
Sheetal Pey : Shikanji (milk preparation + dry fruits), Lassi, Cold Milk, Hot Boiled Milk with Malai & dry fruits+keshar, Jal-Jira, Nimboo Shikanji, Fruit Juice,Shakes, Icecream Soda, Santrola.
Main festivals[link]
All national festivals like Holi, Gangaur, Teej, Rangpanchmi, Baisakhi, Raksha Bandhan, Mahavir jayanti, Navratri, Durga puja, Dussehra, Ganesh Utsav, Deepavali, Ramzan, Gudi Padwa, Bhaidooj, Eid, Christmas, Bahai Navruz on 21 March and other others like Nagpanchmi, Ahilya Utsav, are celebrated with equal enthusiasm. There are many shiva temples in Indore, Mahashivratri is celebrated at a large extent in Indore.
Information technology and Indore[link]
Most of the big IT companies such as TCS and Infosys are investing in near future in Indore. Infosys, country’s second largest information technology services company, is setting up new development centre at Indore in Madhya Pradesh at an investment of Rs 100 crore in phase one at Super corridor.[27] Infosys demanded an area of 2000 Acre to open its new branch in Indore which will employee about 80,000 people.
Some of the major IT companies presently in Indore are IBM India,[25] Computer Sciences Corporation (CSC), Impetus, Premier Biosoft (India) Pvt Ltd, SoftGrid Computers, Logic Doors, Suvi Infosystems, Infobeans, ClearTrail, Digital Solutions, Syspudits LLC, Cyber Infrastructure Private Limited (CIS), Yash Technologies,CDN Solutions Group TM Software, SNV Infotech, Ideavate Solutions, Consagous Technologies, Shubh Infotech, Codeautomations, Systematix Infotech etc.
Entertainment[link]
Indore is equipped with places like malls and cinema halls. A total new world of entertainment will be seen in Indore in coming months when the city will have a roller-coster ride, a drop tower, and go-karting track along with many new sources of entertainment. Many times there are Circus & Magic Shows set up at different place which are good source of Entertainment.[31]
Cinema[link]
Cinema is the most popular medium of entertainment in Indore as well as in the whole country. There are a number of cinema halls in the city more, namely PVR, Mangal BIG, INOX Central, INOX sapna-sangeeta, Broadway, Satyam, K sera sera, Velocity, Regal, etc.
Malls[link]
Malls are the hottest trends in city today. Apart from being exotic shopping destinations, they are emerging out to be one of the major hang out places of the city crowd. Malls provide a comprehensive package to the people, wherein they can shop, eat and enjoy at the same place. The motto is: everything under one roof. Indore is also host to many such malls, which provide variety and comfort to the visitors. Treasure Island is the largest, with 5 floors and 245 stores. It is the most popular mall around and is located in the heart of the city. There are also other malls namely Mangal City mall, Indore Central mall, C21 mall, Malhar mega mall, Orbit mall etc. Many new world class malls and other retail outlets are under construction at a very fast speed.
Coming years will see a huge increase in the retail market in Indore.
Places of interest[link]
- There are various places in Indore which make it a tourist attraction.[32]
Historical Places[link]
Rajwada[link]
Rajwada is the historical palace of the Holkars. It was built about two centuries ago and is located near the Chhatris in the main square. It is a seven storied structure, which serves as the living example of the grandeur of the Holkars. Rajwada stands in the centre of the city. The new palace is on the northern side, while the old palace stands in the old part of the town. The old palace is a multi-storied building which also serves as a gateway of the Rajwada. It stands amongst the crowded streets of the Kajuri Bazar and faces the main square of the city.
Krishnapura Chhatri[link]
Chhatris (cenotaphs) are the royal tombs of the erstwhile rulers of the Holker clan. These cenotaphs are placed on the banks of the beautiful river Khan, and these chhatris exhibit excellent architectural brilliance. A marvelous remnant of a glorious reign, the Chhatris survived the passage of time. The typical Maratha style architecture with domes and pyramidal spires, Chhatris allures the tourists with its historical enigma.
Central Museum[link]
Central Museum, also known as the Indore Museum, is one of the most interesting buildings in Indore. It is a treat for the people who are genuinely fascinated by the history of India and the rich civilisation that flourished here in the pre historic age. It is located near the General Post Office in Indore. The Museum exhibits the finest collection of Parmar sculptures from Hinglajgarh. The Parmar style actually originated here only. Its main features include proportioned figures, careful and intricate ornamentation and depiction in stone.
Religious Places[link]
Annapurna Mandir[link]
Annapurna Mandir is a very beautiful and one of the oldest temples in Indore. Dedicated to the goddess Annapoorna, this temple is one among the famous pilgrimage centres in Indore. Not only devotees, but also tourists come to see this majestic shrine.
As per Hindu Mythology, Annapoorna Devi is believed to be the goddess of food. This temple bears a resemblance to the famous Madurai Meenakshi Temple of Madurai.
Inside the temple premises there exist shrines of Sivan, Hanuman, and Kalabhairava. The Pravachan Hall of the temple is also very famous. Four full sized elephants embrace this temple’s highly ornamented gate. An architectural splendor, the outer wall of the temple is brightly decorated with beautiful images of legendary characters. An architectural marvel, Annapoorna Temple in Indore is a worthy for a short visit. This temple is situated Near DashaHara Maidan, Annapurna Road, Indore.
Khajrana Ganesh Mandir[link]
Citizens of Indore city and other nearby cities have great faith in the Khajrana Temple. This temple is made by Ahilyabai Holkar. This is an important place of Hindus. There is a Dargah in proximity of the temple of Nahar Sayed. It is believed that the headless body of Nahar Sayed is buried in this Dargah. This is an important place of Naita Muslims.
Gommat Giri[link]
This is an excellent set of Jain temples built on the top of Gommatesher Hill. The main attraction is 24 feet tall statue of Lord Bahubali, and 24 others temples for each of the 24 jain tirthankars.
Kanch Mandir[link]
The Kanch Mandir also known as Glass Temple is an exquisite example of a marvel in glass. This Jain Temple also known as Jain Mandir was built by Sir Seth Hukum Chand Jain (Kasliwal) in the early 20th century.It is located in the Itwaria Market. The speciality of this temple is that its doors, pillars, ceilings and walls are entirely inlaid with glass with minute detailing. It is one of the most famous tourist attraction of the city. The temple also has paintings which are depicting stories from the Jain scriptures. The top of the temple multiplies the three statues of Lord Mahavir which makes this temple more beautiful place.
Bada Ganpati[link]
The Bada Ganpati temple is a very ancient temple and widely known for the size of the Ganesh idol. This temple was built in the year 1875 by Shri Dadhich. The idol is said to be the size of 25 Foot from head to crown. This temple is located near the heart of the city Rajwada also known as Holkar Palace.
Parks and leisure Places[link]
Atal Bihari Vajpeyee Regional Park[link]
Also known as Pipliyapala park or Indore regional park, it is developed by the Indore Development Authority (IDA) at an estimated cost of Rs 50 crore. Normal hours of operation are:every day (except Tuesday) from 11 am-9 pm. Tickets have been priced at Rs 25 for adults and Rs 10 for children. Development of the park is on the 80 acres of land of the pond and 42 acres land near this tank. There is a canal, which covers the whole park starting from one point of the pond and ending at the other part. The bridges over canal with the Mist fountain let us feel a special type of peace,mentally as well as physically. Various attractions to the park include Musical Fountain, Jumping jet fountain, Artists' village, Maze, French gardens, Bio-diversity garden, Mist fountain, Fast food zone, Boating.
Chokhi and Nakhrali Dhani[link]
Chokhi Dhani and Nakhrali Dhani are Rajasthani heritage resorts on the outskirts of Indore. These resorts are given the appearance of a Rajasthani village in India. The villages provide people the precise atmosphere of the village, along with the modern day facilities and entertainment. These villages are catching fast with the city people as well as the tourists who visit Indore. At Choki Dhani, people find respite from the busy schedules of daily life. The rustic Rajasthani spirit fills the environment with colours of joy. You can pamper yourself with good food and enjoy traditional Rajasthani delicacies here.
Shell City[link]
Shell City is a water park situated on Khandwa Road.
Mayank's Blue Water Park[link]
Mayank's Blue Water park is situated on Ring Road,Indore.
Tafreeh Garden[link]
Tafreeh Garden is a wonderful resort cum adventure park situated at Dhar Road. This garden has Swimming Pool, Music Station, Boating Deck and a lot of other adventurious and fun filled activities.
Nearby attractions[link]
There are various places which tourists and citizens of Indore like to visit for weekends and occasion or Holidays.
Ujjain[link]
This pilgrimage town is 56 km north-west to Indore. It is known as the Greenwich for the Hindu Astrologers. This town is situated on the banks of river Kshipra. The legendary king Vikramaditya once ruled this town. From then this town is famous as the center of learning. The most Famous place in Ujjain is it's Mahakal Temple, which is one of the twelve jyotirlinga.
Dewas[link]
Dewas is a small industrial town on the border of Indore which is quite famous for its Kali Temple on the Hill.
Patal Pani[link]
This tourist attraction is famous for its beauty in Monsoon Season. It is 36 km from Indore towards Mhow. It is very beautiful place for enjoying the weekend.
Sitala mata fall[link]
This tourist attraction is famous for its Water Falls in Monsoon Season. It is very beautiful place for enjoying the weekend.
Choral Fall[link]
Choral has the wonderful Water Falls in Monsoon Season. People go there specially in Mansoon Sesson for enjoying the weekend. Its situated on Khadwa Road, near Gram Simrol.
RRCAT[link]
RRCAT (Raja Rammanna Center for Advance Technology) formerly known as Center for Advance Technology is the center for scientific research in the separate colony which is built in west Indore. It specialises in laser technology. It also has two particle accelerators (both synchrotrons) called Indus I and Indus II.
Gallery[link]
-
Bolia Maharaj Ki Chhatri
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Krishnapura Chhatri.
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Krishnapura Chhatri
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Sculptures on Krishnapura Chhatri
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Krishnapura Chhatri from inside
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Carvings at Krishnapura Chhatri
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Carved Pillars of Krishnapura Chhatri
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Sculptures on Krishnapura Chhatri
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Vijay Balla, signed by captain Ajit Wadekar,and team after team victory over England (1971) and West indies (1972).
-
Treasure Island Mall, First in Madhya Pradesh
-
Khan River. Krishnapura Chhatri in background
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ a b "Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above". Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011. http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf. Retrieved 2012-04-16.
- ^ "Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above". Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011. http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf. Retrieved 2012-04-16.
- ^ "Literacy rate". Web.archive.org. 16 June 2004. http://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/306-indore.html. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
- ^ "Area of Indore census 2001". Indore.nic.in. http://www.indore.nic.in/statistics.htm. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
- ^ "The world's largest cities". City Mayors. http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/largest-cities-mayors-el.html. Retrieved 4 July 2010.
- ^ Major General Sir John Malcolm, Central India, Part I, pp. 68–70
- ^ Major General Sir John Malcolm, Memoirs of Central India, Vol. I. pp.94–95
- ^ Major General Sir John Malcolm, Memoirs of Malwa (1912)
- ^ Patrick Geddes, "City Development", in A report to the Durbar of Indore Part 1. Indore:Historic Development" (1918)
- ^ Sukh Sampatti Rai Bhandari, History of the Indian States, Rajya Mandal Book Publishing House (1927)
- ^ "Malwa in Transition A Century of Anarchy", The First Phase 1698–1765 by Raghubir Singh of Sitamau. Year 1936.
- ^ "The Indore State Gazetteer". Volume 1-printed Under the authority of the Government of His Highness the Maharaja Holkar. Superintendent Holkar Government Press, Indore 1931.
- ^ "Memoirs of Central India", Volume I. by Major General Sir John Malcolm. Year 1823.
- ^ "Indore Holkar State Gazetteer". No.23, 1875.
- ^ "Malwa Sahitya". 5th Year Issue No.1. Year 1855.Indore.
- ^ "The Mandlik Papers and the Family". by Sardar M.V.Kibe. 1946.
- ^ "About IDA". Indore Development Authority. http://www.idaindore.org/AboutIDA.aspx. Retrieved 13 May 2010.
- ^ "Indore Development Plan 2021". Directorate of Town & Country Planning. 13 May 2010. http://mptownplan.nic.in/New%20Folder%20%282%29/summary.htm. Retrieved 13 May 2010.
- ^ a b "Census India reports". India census. Archived from the original on 16 June 2004. http://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999. Retrieved 8 August 2010.
- ^ Statistics of Indore. District Administration of Indore. Retrieved 16 August 2009
- ^ "Flightstats". Conducive Technologies. http://www.flightstats.com/go/Airport/airportDetails.do?airportCode=IDR. Retrieved 30 September 2010.
- ^ Tiwary, Santosh (1998 -04-01). "Pithampur small enterprises tell a tale of untapped potential". The Indian Express (India). http://www.expressindia.com/news/fe/daily/19980104/00455324.html. Retrieved 1 September 2009.
- ^ Trivedi, Shashikant (9 July 2004). "Pithampur units face bleak future". Business Standard. http://www.business-standard.com/india/storypage.php?autono=153051. Retrieved 1 September 2009.
- ^ . dainik bhasakar. 5 may 2012. http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/MP-IND-bharat-forge-limited-ready-to-set-up-shop-in-indore-3216561.html.
- ^ a b "IBM Opens Branch In Indore". CRN Network. http://www.crn.in/ITChannel-001Nov011-IBM-Opens-Branch-In-Indore.aspx. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
- ^ "TCS Indore campus". Dainik Bhaskar. http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/MP-IND-tcs-indore-campus-gathers-momentum-three-quarters-land-acquired-2238693.html. Retrieved 11 July 2011.
- ^ a b "Infosys to set up Rs 100 crore development centre in Indore". mydigitalfc.com. http://www.mydigitalfc.com/it/infosys-set-rs-100-crore-development-centre-indore-362. Retrieved 14 November 11.
- ^ Indian Journal of Science Communication (Volume 2/ Number 1/ January – June 2003) http://www.iscos.org/vol3/rp1.htm
- ^ "Usha Raje is now Holkar cricket stadium". Dainik Bhaskar Online Edition, dated 2010-08-23. http://www.bhaskar.com/article/MP-IND-usha-raje-holkar-cricket-stadium-now-1286044.html. Retrieved 29 August 2010.
- ^ "Largest Tea Party at Indore". Guinessworldrecords. 25 February 2008. http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records/amazing_feats/mass_participation/largest_tea_party.aspx. Retrieved 12 March 2010.
- ^ "Indore City". http://www.indorecity.net/entertainment.html. Retrieved 10 November 2011.
- ^ "Indore Tourist attractions". http://www.indorecity.net/tourist-attractions/index.html. Retrieved 10 November 2011.
Further reading[link]
- Hunter, Cotton, Burn, Meyer. "The Imperial Gazetteer of India", 2006. Oxford, Clarendon Press. 1909.
- Plunkett, Richard. Central India. Lonely Planet, 2001. ISBN 1-86450-161-8
- "Indore." Encyclopædia Britannica. 1911 ed.
- Ek Yug Ek Purush – a Biography of Sir Siremal Bapna by Om Prakash Sharma – 1971
External links[link]
- City portal at Govt. of India info. website
- City portal providing complete information about Indore
- Indore travel guide from Wikitravel
- Indore at the Open Directory Project
- People and culture
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indore
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Honey Singh | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Background information | |
| Also known as | Yo Yo Honey Singh |
| Born | (1984-03-15) March 15, 1984 (age 28) Hoshiarpur |
| Origin | punjabi |
| Genres | Desi Hip Hop Music Producer |
| Occupations | Rapper, Singer, Music Producer and Film Actor. |
| Years active | 2006–present |
| Labels | Mafia Mundeer, |
| Associated acts | Diljit Dosanjh, Gippy Grewal , Jassi Sidhu , Malkit Singh, Amrinder Gill |
| Website | www.facebook.com/theyoyosingh |
Honey Singh also known as Yo Yo Honey Singh[1] is a Punjabi rapper, singer and a film actor. He started as a session and recording artist, and became a Bhangra producer.[2]
Contents |
Promotion[link]
Honey Singh has received the ETC award for the Best sound in 2006 for his song Glassi and the PTC award for the Best Folk Pop Award 2009 for Rebirth and PTC PUNJABI Best Music Director 2011.[3]
It has been reported that he has been paid the highest fees ever for a song (as of 2012) of 70 lakh (US$139,700) for a song in the film Mastaan.[4]
Early life[link]
He was born on 15 March 1984 in Hoshiarpur.[5] While in the UK, he studied music at the Trinity School.
Career[link]
It is reported that Honey Singh prefers to sing in his native language Punjabi rather than English, Spanish and French.[6] The Punjabi album International Villager was released on 11 November 2011 (11-11-11).[7] The track Gabru from International Villager featuring singer J-Star topped Asian music charts (including world iTunes and the official BBC asian charts) [8][9]
He has performed at many college festivals including at Ansal Institute of Technology and Ramjas College, Delhi.[10]
Bollywood[link]
He became popular after his debut music featuring Gagan Sidhu for the title track of the movie called Shakal Pe Mat Ja released on November 18, 2011. The Central Board of Film Certification suggested removing the abusive language contained in the title track of the movie.[citation needed]
Honey Singh also acted in Punjabi Movie Mirza- The Untold Story[11]
Honey Singh is now the highest paid music star[12] pop artiste in Bollywood. Honey Singh has charged Rs. 70 lakh[13] for a song in a film titled Mastaan, starring Naseeruddin Shah and his younger son, Vivaan. It is the biggest amount paid to a song artist in Bollywood to date.
Also Song Angreji Beat sung by Gippy Grewal & Yo Yo Honey Singh, originally from Honey Singh's Album International Villager released in November 2011, will be used in the film Cocktail.[14]
Discography[link]
| Album | Artist | Music Director | Song |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peshi | Bill Singh | Honey Singh | |
| The Beat | Ashok Masti | Honey Singh | |
| Rebirth | Raj Brar | Honey Singh | |
| The Next Level | Diljit Dosanjh | Honey Singh | |
| Lock Up | Preet Harpal | Honey Singh | |
| The Crown | Raja Baath | Honey Singh | |
| The Beginning | Resham Singh Anmol | Honey Singh | |
| Surma | Bopaz | Honey Singh | |
| Dream | Dolly Singh | Honey Singh | |
| Khalaas(The Pure) | Inderjit Nikku | Honey Singh | |
| Hard Work | Bai Amarjit | Honey Singh | |
| The Folkstar | Nishawn Bhullar | Honey Singh | |
| The Rising Queen | Rimz J | Honey Singh | |
| Zanjeer (The Game Changer) | Karran Jesbir | Honey Singh | |
| Never Done Before | Balli Riar | Honey Singh | |
| Singing Between the Lines (1 song) | Jassi Sidhu | Honey Singh | Jaan Mangdi |
| Alfaaz – The Boy Next Door | Alfaaz | Honey Singh | |
| Jatt Soorme | Garry Hothi | Honey Singh | |
| Talwar(1 Song) | Gippy Grewal | Honey Singh | Kawan diyan daaran |
| International Villager | Various | Honey Singh | |
| Urban Pendu (once Cancelled)[15] but now releasing in Aug 2012 | Diljit Dosanjh | Honey Singh |
Singles[link]
| Year | Track | Artist | Music director |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2006 | Ch*** vol-1[adult] | BadShah, Honey Singh | Honey Singh |
| 2009 | Condom[adult] | Raftaar,Honey Singh | Honey Singh |
| 2009 | Begani Naar | BadShah, Honey Singh | Honey Singh |
| 2009 | Bhagat Singh | Diljit Dosanjh | Honey Singh |
| 2009 | Dance With Me | Diljit Dosanjh | Honey Singh |
| 2010 | Delhi Ke Deewane | BadShah | Honey Singh |
| 2010 | Main Me & Myself | Diljit Dosanjh | Honey Singh |
| 2010 | Pendu Jatt | Honey Singh | Honey Singh |
| 2010 | Raftaar | Raftaar aka Dilin Nair aka MAX | Honey Singh |
| 2011 | Lak 28 Kudi Da[16] | Diljit Dosanjh | Honey Singh |
| 2011 | Caty Eyes | Diljit Dosanjh | Honey Singh |
| 2011 | Chamak Challo(its a remix) | J-Star, Honey Singh | Honey Singh |
| 2012 | Gadbad | Lilgolu, Raftaar, Young Amli | Honey Singh |
| 2012 | Chamkila vs Justin Beiber | Alfaaz | Honey Singh |
| 2012 | 15 Saal(half song leaked from Urban Pendu) | Diljit Dosanjh | Honey Singh |
Movies[link]
| Movie | Starring | Singer | Music director |
|---|---|---|---|
| Punjaban | Miss Pooja, | Miss Pooja | Honey Singh |
| Jihne Mera Dil Luteya | Diljit Dosanjh, Gippy Grewal | Diljit Dosanjh | Honey Singh, Aman Hayer, Jatinder Singh Shah, Bhinda Aujla |
| Shakal Pe Mat Ja(Title Track) | Various | Gagan Sidhu | Honey Singh |
| Mirza- The Untold Story | Gippy Grewal, Honey Singh | Gippy Grewal | Honey Singh & Jatinder Singh Shah |
| Jatt and Juliet | Diljit Dosanjh | Diljit Dosanjh | Honey Singh & Bhinda Aujla |
Filmography[link]
Feature films as Actor
| Year | Film | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2012 | Mirza - The Untold Story | Deesha | |
| Tu Mera 22 Main Tera 22 | Rolly | Filming |
Awards[link]
- The ETC award for the Best sound in 2006 for Glassi
- The PTC award for the Best Folk Pop Award 2009 for Rebirth
- PTC PUNJABI Best Music Director 2010 for song Desi Daroo[17]
- PTC PUNJABI Best Music Director 2011 for album The Folkstar[18][19]
- PTC PUNJABI Best Music Director 2012 for album I.V.(International Villager)[20]
References[link]
- ^ Official Website Of Honey Singh. Yoyohoneysingh.com. Retrieved on 2012-01-03.
- ^ "Punjab's bhangra-rapper comes to Bollywood". Mid Day. http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2012/may/060512-Bollywood-Punjabs-bhangra-rapper-comes-to-Bollywood.htm. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
- ^ "Yo Yo Honey Singh Mafia Mundeer". desihiphop. http://www.desihiphop.com/yo-yo-honey-singh-mafia-mundeer/. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
- ^ "Honey Singh paid highest fee for song". Hindustan Times. May 02, 2012. http://www.hindustantimes.com/Punjab/Chandigarh/Honey-Singh-paid-highest-fee-for-song/SP-Article1-849513.aspx.
- ^ "YO! YO! HONEY SINGH’S MARRIED LIFE BEGINS!!". http://www.24x7bulletin.com/2012/03/yo-yo-honey-singhs-married-life-begins/. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
- ^ http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-05-09/news-and-interviews/31640719_1_akon-hindi-films-punjabi
- ^ Honey Singh's Most Awaited Album Honey Singh's Most Awaited Album
- ^ Asian Network – The Official Asian Download Chart – The Official Asian Download Chart. BBC (2012-02-18). Retrieved on 2012-02-23.
- ^ itune chart position. Music-chart.info (2011-12-20). Retrieved on 2012-01-03.
- ^ "Honey Singh performs at Ansal Institute of Technology". http://www.indiancolleges.com/education-news/Honey-Singh-performs-at-Ansal-Institute-of-Technology/1688. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
- ^ Mirza Article on CinemaPunjabi.com Mirza Article on CinemaPunjabi.com
- ^ Honey Singh paid highest fee for song. Hindustan Times (2012-05-02). Retrieved on 2012-05-04.
- ^ Yo-Yo Honey Singh becomes the costliest Bollywood singer. Daily Bhaskar (2012-05-02). Retrieved on 2012-05-04.
- ^ Honey Singh's Angreji Beat in Bollywood Movie Cocktail 2012Honey Singh's Angreji Beat in Bollywood Movie Cocktail 2012
- ^ Urban Pendu Cancelled along with 15 Saal, Urban Pendu Cancelled along with 15 Saal
- ^ Lak Twenty Eight Kudi Da by Diljit Dosanjh Chart Summary. Music-chart.info. Retrieved on 2012-01-03.
- ^ PTC Punjabi Music Awards 2010. Tribuneindia.com. Retrieved on 2012-01-03.
- ^ PTC 2011 music award Winners List. Ptcpmusicawards.com. Retrieved on 2012-01-03.
- ^ PTC Music Awards 2011 List of Awards Winners. Cinepunjab.com (2011-11-18). Retrieved on 2012-01-03.
- ^ PTC 2012 music award Winners List Ptcpmusicawards.com. Retrieved on 2012-03-25.
External links[link]
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Honey Singh |
| Alternative names | Yo Yo Honey Singh |
| Short description | Rapper, Music Director |
| Date of birth | March 15, 1982 |
| Place of birth | Hoshiarpur |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Honey_Singh
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honey_Singh
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
"Barack" and "Obama" redirect here. For other uses, see Barak (disambiguation) and Obama (disambiguation). For President Obama's father, the Kenyan economist, see Barack Obama, Sr.
| Barack Obama | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| 44th President of the United States | |
| Incumbent | |
| Assumed office January 20, 2009 |
|
| Vice President | Joe Biden |
| Preceded by | George W. Bush |
| United States Senator from Illinois |
|
| In office January 3, 2005 – November 16, 2008 |
|
| Preceded by | Peter Fitzgerald |
| Succeeded by | Roland Burris |
| Member of the Illinois Senate from the 13th District |
|
| In office January 8, 1997 – November 4, 2004 |
|
| Preceded by | Alice Palmer |
| Succeeded by | Kwame Raoul |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Barack Hussein Obama II (1961-08-04) August 4, 1961 (age 50)[1] Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.[2] |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse(s) | Michelle Robinson (1992–present) |
| Children | Malia (born 1998) Sasha (born 2001) |
| Residence | White House (Official) Chicago, Illinois (Private) |
| Alma mater | Occidental College Columbia University (B.A.) Harvard Law School (J.D.) |
| Profession | Community organizer Lawyer Constitutional law professor Author |
| Religion | Christianity[3] |
| Awards | Nobel Peace Prize |
| Signature |  |
| Website | barackobama.com |
 |
This article is part of a series on Barack Obama |
|---|---|
Barack Hussein Obama II (i/bəˈrɑːk huːˈseɪn oʊˈbɑːmə/; born August 4, 1961) is the 44th and current President of the United States. He is the first African American to hold the office. In January 2005, Obama was sworn in as a U.S. Senator in the state of Illinois. He would hold this office until November 2008, when he resigned following his victory in the 2008 presidential election.
Born in Honolulu, Hawaii, Obama is a graduate of Columbia University and Harvard Law School, where he was the president of the Harvard Law Review. He was a community organizer in Chicago before earning his law degree. He worked as a civil rights attorney in Chicago and taught constitutional law at the University of Chicago Law School from 1992 to 2004. He served three terms representing the 13th District in the Illinois Senate from 1997 to 2004.
Following an unsuccessful bid against the Democratic incumbent for a seat in the United States House of Representatives in 2000, Obama ran for the United States Senate in 2004. Several events brought him to national attention during the campaign, including his victory in the March 2004 Illinois Democratic primary for the Senate election and his keynote address at the Democratic National Convention in July 2004. He won election to the U.S. Senate in Illinois in November 2004. His presidential campaign began in February 2007, and after a close campaign in the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries against Hillary Rodham Clinton, he won his party's nomination. In the 2008 presidential election, he defeated Republican nominee John McCain, and was inaugurated as president on January 20, 2009. Nine months later, Obama was named the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize laureate. In April 2011, he announced that he would be running for re-election in 2012.
As president, Obama signed economic stimulus legislation in the form of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 and the Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010. Other domestic policy initiatives include the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, the Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010, and the Budget Control Act of 2011. In May 2012, he became the first sitting U.S. president to openly support legalizing same-sex marriage. In foreign policy, he ended the war in Iraq, increased troop levels in Afghanistan, signed the New START arms control treaty with Russia, ordered U.S. involvement in the 2011 Libya military intervention, and ordered the military operation that resulted in the death of Osama bin Laden.
Contents |
Early life and career[link]
Main article: Early life and career of Barack Obama
Obama was born on August 4, 1961, at Kapiʻolani Maternity & Gynecological Hospital (now Kapiʻolani Medical Center for Women and Children) in Honolulu, Hawaii,[2][4][5] and is the first President to have been born in Hawaii.[6] His mother, Stanley Ann Dunham, was born in Wichita, Kansas, and was of mostly English ancestry,[7] along with Scottish, Irish, German, and Swiss.[8][9][10][11][12] His father, Barack Obama, Sr., was a Luo from Nyang’oma Kogelo, Nyanza Province, Kenya. Obama's parents met in 1960 in a Russian class at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, where his father was a foreign student on scholarship.[13][14] The couple married on February 2, 1961,[15] separated when Obama Sr. went to Harvard University on scholarship, and divorced in 1964.[13] Obama Sr. remarried and returned to Kenya, visiting Barack in Hawaii only once, in 1971. He died in an automobile accident in 1982.[16]
After her divorce, Dunham married Indonesian Lolo Soetoro, who was attending college in Hawaii. When Suharto, a military leader in Soetoro's home country, came to power in 1967, all Indonesian students studying abroad were recalled, and the family moved to the Menteng neighborhood of Jakarta.[4][17] From ages six to ten, Obama attended local schools in Jakarta, including Besuki Public School and St. Francis of Assisi School.[18]
File:Ann Dunham with father and children.jpg
Barack Obama with his half-sister Maya Soetoro-Ng, mother Ann Dunham and grandfather Stanley Dunham, in Hawaii
In 1971, Obama returned to Honolulu to live with his maternal grandparents, Madelyn and Stanley Armour Dunham, and with the aid of a scholarship attended Punahou School, a private college preparatory school, from fifth grade until his graduation from high school in 1979.[19] Obama's mother returned to Hawaii in 1972, remaining there until 1977 when she went back to Indonesia to work as an anthropological field worker. She finally returned to Hawaii in 1994 and lived there for one year before dying of ovarian cancer.[15][20]
Of his early childhood, Obama recalled, "That my father looked nothing like the people around me—that he was black as pitch, my mother white as milk—barely registered in my mind."[14] He described his struggles as a young adult to reconcile social perceptions of his multiracial heritage.[21] Reflecting later on his years in Honolulu, Obama wrote: "The opportunity that Hawaii offered—to experience a variety of cultures in a climate of mutual respect—became an integral part of my world view, and a basis for the values that I hold most dear."[22] Obama has also written and talked about using alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine during his teenage years to "push questions of who I was out of my mind."[23] At the 2008 Civil Forum on the Presidency, Obama described his high-school drug use as a great moral failure.[24]
Following high school, Obama moved to Los Angeles in 1979 to attend Occidental College. In February 1981, he made his first public speech, calling for Occidental to divest from South Africa in response to its policy of apartheid.[25] In mid-1981, Obama traveled to Indonesia to visit his mother and sister Maya, and visited the families of college friends in Pakistan and India for three weeks.[25] Later in 1981, he transferred to Columbia University in New York City, where he majored in political science with a specialty in international relations[26] and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1983. He worked for a year at the Business International Corporation,[27] then at the New York Public Interest Research Group.[28][29]
Chicago community organizer and Harvard Law School[link]
Two years after graduating, Obama was hired in Chicago as director of the Developing Communities Project (DCP), a church-based community organization originally comprising eight Catholic parishes in Roseland, West Pullman, and Riverdale on Chicago's South Side. He worked there as a community organizer from June 1985 to May 1988.[29][30] He helped set up a job training program, a college preparatory tutoring program, and a tenants' rights organization in Altgeld Gardens.[31] Obama also worked as a consultant and instructor for the Gamaliel Foundation, a community organizing institute.[32] In mid-1988, he traveled for the first time in Europe for three weeks and then for five weeks in Kenya, where he met many of his paternal relatives for the first time.[33] He returned to Kenya in August 2006 for a visit to his father's birthplace, a village near Kisumu in rural western Kenya.[34]
In late 1988, Obama entered Harvard Law School. He was selected as an editor of the Harvard Law Review at the end of his first year,[35] and president of the journal in his second year.[31][36] During his summers, he returned to Chicago, where he worked as an associate at the law firms of Sidley Austin in 1989 and Hopkins & Sutter in 1990.[37] After graduating with a J.D. magna cum laude[38] from Harvard in 1991, he returned to Chicago.[35] Obama's election as the first black president of the Harvard Law Review gained national media attention[31][36] and led to a publishing contract and advance for a book about race relations,[39] which evolved into a personal memoir. The manuscript was published in mid-1995 as Dreams from My Father.[39]
University of Chicago Law School and civil rights attorney[link]
In 1991, Obama accepted a two-year position as Visiting Law and Government Fellow at the University of Chicago Law School to work on his first book.[39][40] He then taught at the University of Chicago Law School for twelve years—as a Lecturer from 1992 to 1996, and as a Senior Lecturer from 1996 to 2004—teaching constitutional law.[41]
From April to October 1992, Obama directed Illinois's Project Vote, a voter registration campaign with ten staffers and seven hundred volunteer registrars; it achieved its goal of registering 150,000 of 400,000 unregistered African Americans in the state, leading Crain's Chicago Business to name Obama to its 1993 list of "40 under Forty" powers to be.[42] In 1993, he joined Davis, Miner, Barnhill & Galland, a 13-attorney law firm specializing in civil rights litigation and neighborhood economic development, where he was an associate for three years from 1993 to 1996, then of counsel from 1996 to 2004. His law license became inactive in 2002.[43]
From 1994 to 2002, Obama served on the boards of directors of the Woods Fund of Chicago, which in 1985 had been the first foundation to fund the Developing Communities Project; and of the Joyce Foundation.[29] He served on the board of directors of the Chicago Annenberg Challenge from 1995 to 2002, as founding president and chairman of the board of directors from 1995 to 1999.[29]
Legislative career: 1997–2008[link]
State Senator: 1997–2004[link]
Main article: Illinois Senate career of Barack Obama
Obama was elected to the Illinois Senate in 1996, succeeding State Senator Alice Palmer as Senator from Illinois's 13th District, which at that time spanned Chicago South Side neighborhoods from Hyde Park – Kenwood south to South Shore and west to Chicago Lawn.[44] Once elected, Obama gained bipartisan support for legislation that reformed ethics and health care laws.[45] He sponsored a law that increased tax credits for low-income workers, negotiated welfare reform, and promoted increased subsidies for childcare.[46] In 2001, as co-chairman of the bipartisan Joint Committee on Administrative Rules, Obama supported Republican Governor Ryan's payday loan regulations and predatory mortgage lending regulations aimed at averting home foreclosures.[47]
Obama was reelected to the Illinois Senate in 1998, defeating Republican Yesse Yehudah in the general election, and was reelected again in 2002.[48] In 2000, he lost a Democratic primary run for the U.S. House of Representatives to four-term incumbent Bobby Rush by a margin of two to one.[49]
In January 2003, Obama became chairman of the Illinois Senate's Health and Human Services Committee when Democrats, after a decade in the minority, regained a majority.[50] He sponsored and led unanimous, bipartisan passage of legislation to monitor racial profiling by requiring police to record the race of drivers they detained, and legislation making Illinois the first state to mandate videotaping of homicide interrogations.[46][51] During his 2004 general election campaign for U.S. Senate, police representatives credited Obama for his active engagement with police organizations in enacting death penalty reforms.[52] Obama resigned from the Illinois Senate in November 2004 following his election to the U.S. Senate.[53]
U.S. Senate campaign[link]
In May 2002, Obama commissioned a poll to assess his prospects in a 2004 U.S. Senate race; he created a campaign committee, began raising funds, and lined up political media consultant David Axelrod by August 2002. Obama formally announced his candidacy in January 2003.[54]
Obama was an early opponent of the George W. Bush administration's 2003 invasion of Iraq.[55] On October 2, 2002, the day President Bush and Congress agreed on the joint resolution authorizing the Iraq War,[56] Obama addressed the first high-profile Chicago anti-Iraq War rally,[57] and spoke out against the war.[58] He addressed another anti-war rally in March 2003 and told the crowd that "it's not too late" to stop the war.[59]
Decisions by Republican incumbent Peter Fitzgerald and his Democratic predecessor Carol Moseley Braun to not participate in the election resulted in wide-open Democratic and Republican primary contests involving fifteen candidates.[60] In the March 2004 primary election, Obama won in an unexpected landslide—which overnight made him a rising star within the national Democratic Party, started speculation about a presidential future, and led to the reissue of his memoir, Dreams from My Father.[61] In July 2004, Obama delivered the keynote address at the 2004 Democratic National Convention,[62] seen by 9.1 million viewers. His speech was well received and elevated his status within the Democratic Party.[63]
Obama's expected opponent in the general election, Republican primary winner Jack Ryan, withdrew from the race in June 2004.[64] Six weeks later, Alan Keyes accepted the Republican nomination to replace Ryan.[65] In the November 2004 general election, Obama won with 70 percent of the vote.[66]
U.S. Senator: 2005–2008[link]
Main article: United States Senate career of Barack Obama
Obama was sworn in as a senator on January 3, 2005,[67] becoming the only Senate member of the Congressional Black Caucus.[68] CQ Weekly characterized him as a "loyal Democrat" based on analysis of all Senate votes in 2005–2007. Obama announced on November 13, 2008, that he would resign his Senate seat on November 16, 2008, before the start of the lame-duck session, to focus on his transition period for the presidency.[69]
Legislation[link]
Obama cosponsored the Secure America and Orderly Immigration Act.[70] He introduced two initiatives that bore his name: Lugar–Obama, which expanded the Nunn–Lugar cooperative threat reduction concept to conventional weapons;[71] and the Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006, which authorized the establishment of USAspending.gov, a web search engine on federal spending.[72] On June 3, 2008, Senator Obama—along with Senators Tom Carper, Tom Coburn, and John McCain—introduced follow-up legislation: Strengthening Transparency and Accountability in Federal Spending Act of 2008.[73]
Obama sponsored legislation that would have required nuclear plant owners to notify state and local authorities of radioactive leaks, but the bill failed to pass in the full Senate after being heavily modified in committee.[74] Regarding tort reform, Obama voted for the Class Action Fairness Act of 2005 and the FISA Amendments Act of 2008, which grants immunity from civil liability to telecommunications companies complicit with NSA warrantless wiretapping operations.[75]
In December 2006, President Bush signed into law the Democratic Republic of the Congo Relief, Security, and Democracy Promotion Act, marking the first federal legislation to be enacted with Obama as its primary sponsor.[77] In January 2007, Obama and Senator Feingold introduced a corporate jet provision to the Honest Leadership and Open Government Act, which was signed into law in September 2007.[78] Obama also introduced Deceptive Practices and Voter Intimidation Prevention Act, a bill to criminalize deceptive practices in federal elections,[79] and the Iraq War De-Escalation Act of 2007,[80] neither of which was signed into law.
Later in 2007, Obama sponsored an amendment to the Defense Authorization Act to add safeguards for personality-disorder military discharges.[81] This amendment passed the full Senate in the spring of 2008.[82] He sponsored the Iran Sanctions Enabling Act supporting divestment of state pension funds from Iran's oil and gas industry, which has not passed committee; and co-sponsored legislation to reduce risks of nuclear terrorism.[83] Obama also sponsored a Senate amendment to the State Children's Health Insurance Program, providing one year of job protection for family members caring for soldiers with combat-related injuries.[84]
Committees[link]
Obama held assignments on the Senate Committees for Foreign Relations, Environment and Public Works, and Veterans' Affairs through December 2006.[85] In January 2007, he left the Environment and Public Works committee and took additional assignments with Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions and Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.[86] He also became Chairman of the Senate's subcommittee on European Affairs.[87] As a member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Obama made official trips to Eastern Europe, the Middle East, Central Asia and Africa. He met with Mahmoud Abbas before Abbas became President of the Palestinian National Authority, and gave a speech at the University of Nairobi in which he condemned corruption within the Kenyan government.[88]
Presidential campaigns[link]
2008 presidential campaign[link]
Main articles: United States presidential election, 2008, Barack Obama presidential primary campaign, 2008, and Barack Obama presidential campaign, 2008
On February 10, 2007, Obama announced his candidacy for President of the United States in front of the Old State Capitol building in Springfield, Illinois.[89][90] The choice of the announcement site was viewed as symbolic because it was also where Abraham Lincoln delivered his historic "House Divided" speech in 1858.[89][91] Obama emphasized issues of rapidly ending the Iraq War, increasing energy independence, and providing universal health care,[92] in a campaign that projected themes of "hope" and "change".[93]
A large number of candidates entered the Democratic Party presidential primaries. The field narrowed to a duel between Obama and Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton after early contests, with the race remaining close throughout the primary process but with Obama gaining a steady lead in pledged delegates due to better long-range planning, superior fundraising, dominant organizing in caucus states, and better exploitation of delegate allocation rules.[94] On June 7, 2008, Clinton ended her campaign and endorsed Obama.[95]
On August 23, Obama announced his selection of Delaware Senator Joe Biden as his vice presidential running mate.[96] Biden was selected from a field speculated to include former Indiana Governor and Senator Evan Bayh and Virginia Governor Tim Kaine.[97] At the Democratic National Convention in Denver, Colorado, Hillary Clinton called for her supporters to endorse Obama, and she and Bill Clinton gave convention speeches in his support.[98] Obama delivered his acceptance speech, not at the center where the Democratic National Convention was held, but at Invesco Field at Mile High to a crowd of over 75,000; the speech was viewed by over 38 million people worldwide.[99][100]
During both the primary process and the general election, Obama's campaign set numerous fundraising records, particularly in the quantity of small donations.[101] On June 19, 2008, Obama became the first major-party presidential candidate to turn down public financing in the general election since the system was created in 1976.[102]
McCain was nominated as the Republican candidate and the two engaged in three presidential debates in September and October 2008.[103] On November 4, Obama won the presidency with 365 electoral votes to 173 received by McCain.[104] Obama won 52.9 percent of the popular vote to McCain's 45.7 percent.[105] He became the first African American to be elected president.[106] Obama delivered his victory speech before hundreds of thousands of supporters in Chicago's Grant Park.[107]
2012 presidential campaign[link]
Main articles: United States presidential election, 2012 and Barack Obama presidential campaign, 2012
On April 4, 2011, Obama announced his re-election campaign for 2012 in a video titled "It Begins with Us" that he posted on his website and filed election papers with the Federal Election Commission.[108][109][110] As the incumbent president he ran almost unopposed in the Democratic Party presidential primaries,[111] and on April 3, 2012, Obama had secured the 2778 convention delegates needed to win the Democratic nomination.[112]
Presidency[link]
Main article: Presidency of Barack Obama
See also: Confirmations of Barack Obama's Cabinet and List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama
First days[link]
The inauguration of Barack Obama as the 44th President, and Joe Biden as Vice President, took place on January 20, 2009. In his first few days in office, Obama issued executive orders and presidential memoranda directing the U.S. military to develop plans to withdraw troops from Iraq.[113] He ordered the closing of the Guantanamo Bay detention camp,[114] but Congress prevented the closure by refusing to appropriate the required funds.[115][116][117] Obama reduced the secrecy given to presidential records,[118] and changed procedures to promote disclosure under the Freedom of Information Act.[119] He also reversed George W. Bush's ban on federal funding to foreign establishments that allow abortions.[120]
Domestic policy[link]
The first bill signed into law by Obama was the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009, relaxing the statute of limitations for equal-pay lawsuits.[121] Five days later, he signed the reauthorization of the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) to cover an additional 4 million uninsured children.[122] In March 2009, Obama reversed a Bush-era policy which had limited funding of embryonic stem cell research and pledged to develop "strict guidelines" on the research.[123]
Obama appointed two women to serve on the Supreme Court in the first two years of his Presidency. Sonia Sotomayor, nominated by Obama on May 26, 2009, to replace retiring Associate Justice David Souter, was confirmed on August 6, 2009,[124] becoming the first Hispanic to be a Supreme Court Justice.[125] Elena Kagan, nominated by Obama on May 10, 2010, to replace retiring Associate Justice John Paul Stevens, was confirmed on August 5, 2010, bringing the number of women sitting simultaneously on the Court to three, for the first time in American history.[126]
On September 30, 2009, the Obama administration proposed new regulations on power plants, factories and oil refineries in an attempt to limit greenhouse gas emissions and to curb global warming.[127][128]
On October 8, 2009, Obama signed the Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act, a measure that expands the 1969 United States federal hate-crime law to include crimes motivated by a victim's actual or perceived gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, or disability.[129][130]
On March 30, 2010, Obama signed the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, a reconciliation bill which ends the process of the federal government giving subsidies to private banks to give out federally insured loans, increases the Pell Grant scholarship award, and makes changes to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.[131][132]
In a major space policy speech in April 2010, Obama announced a planned change in direction at NASA, the U.S. space agency. He ended plans for a return of human spaceflight to the moon and development of the Ares I rocket, Ares V rocket and Constellation program, in favor of funding Earth science projects, a new rocket type, and research and development for an eventual manned mission to Mars, and ongoing missions to the International Space Station.[133]
On December 22, 2010, Obama signed the Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010, fulfilling a key promise made in the 2008 presidential campaign[134][135] to end the Don't ask, don't tell policy of 1993 that had prevented gay and lesbian people from serving openly in the United States Armed Forces.[136]
President Obama's 2011 State of the Union Address focused on themes of education and innovation, stressing the importance of innovation economics to make the United States more competitive globally. He spoke of a five-year freeze in domestic spending, eliminating tax breaks for oil companies and reversing tax cuts for wealthy Americans, banning congressional earmarks, and reducing healthcare costs. He promised that the United States would have one million electric vehicles on the road by 2015 and would be 80% reliant on "clean" electricity.[137][138]
As a candidate for the Illinois state senate Obama had said in 1996 that he favored legalizing same-sex marriage;[139] but by the time of his run for the U.S. senate in 2004, he said that while he supported civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex partners, for strategic reasons he opposed same-sex marriages.[140] On May 9, 2012, shortly after the official launch of his campaign for re-election as president, Obama said his views had evolved, and he publicly affirmed his personal support for the legalization of same-sex marriage, becoming the first sitting U.S. president to do so.[141][142]
Economic policy[link]
Main article: Economic policy of Barack Obama
On February 17, 2009, Obama signed the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, a $787 billion economic stimulus package aimed at helping the economy recover from the deepening worldwide recession.[143] The act includes increased federal spending for health care, infrastructure, education, various tax breaks and incentives, and direct assistance to individuals,[144] which is being distributed over the course of several years.
In March, Obama's Treasury Secretary, Timothy Geithner, took further steps to manage the financial crisis, including introducing the Public-Private Investment Program for Legacy Assets, which contains provisions for buying up to $2 trillion in depreciated real estate assets.[145] Obama intervened in the troubled automotive industry[146] in March 2009, renewing loans for General Motors and Chrysler to continue operations while reorganizing. Over the following months the White House set terms for both firms' bankruptcies, including the sale of Chrysler to Italian automaker Fiat[147] and a reorganization of GM giving the U.S. government a temporary 60 percent equity stake in the company, with the Canadian government shouldering a 12 percent stake.[148] In June 2009, dissatisfied with the pace of economic stimulus, Obama called on his cabinet to accelerate the investment.[149] He signed into law the Car Allowance Rebate System, known colloquially as "Cash for Clunkers", that temporarily boosted the economy.[150][151][152]
Although spending and loan guarantees from the Federal Reserve and the Treasury Department authorized by the Bush and Obama administrations totaled about $11.5 trillion, only $3 trillion had been spent by the end of November 2009.[153] However, Obama and the Congressional Budget Office predicted that the 2010 budget deficit will be $1.5 trillion or 10.6 percent of the nation's gross domestic product (GDP) compared to the 2009 deficit of $1.4 trillion or 9.9 percent of GDP.[154][155] For 2011, the administration predicted the deficit will slightly shrink to $1.34 trillion, while the 10-year deficit will increase to $8.53 trillion or 90 percent of GDP.[156] The most recent increase in the U.S. debt ceiling to $16.4 trillion was signed into law on January 26, 2012.[157] On August 2, 2011, after a lengthy congressional debate over whether to raise the nation's debt limit, Obama signed the bipartisan Budget Control Act of 2011. The legislation enforces limits on discretionary spending until 2021, establishes a procedure to increase the debt limit, creates a Congressional Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction to propose further deficit reduction with a stated goal of achieving at least $1.5 trillion in budgetary savings over 10 years, and establishes automatic procedures for reducing spending by as much as $1.2 trillion if legislation originating with the new joint select committee does not achieve such savings.[158] By passing the legislation, Congress was able to prevent an unprecedented U.S. government default on its obligations.[159]
The unemployment rate rose in 2009, reaching a peak in October at 10.1 percent and averaging 10.0 percent in the fourth quarter. Following a decrease to 9.7 percent in the first quarter of 2010, the unemployment rate fell to 9.6 percent in the second quarter, where it remained for the rest of the year.[162] Between February and December 2010, employment rose by 0.8 percent, which was less than the average of 1.9 percent experienced during comparable periods in the past four employment recoveries.[163] GDP growth returned in the third quarter of 2009, expanding at a rate of 1.6 percent, followed by a 5.0 percent increase in the fourth quarter.[164] Growth continued in 2010, posting an increase of 3.7 percent in the first quarter, with lesser gains throughout the rest of the year.[164] In July 2010, the Federal Reserve expressed that although economic activity continued to increase, its pace had slowed, and Chairman Ben Bernanke stated that the economic outlook was "unusually uncertain."[165] Overall, the economy expanded at a rate of 2.9 percent in 2010.[166]
The Congressional Budget Office and a broad range of economists credit Obama's stimulus plan for economic growth.[167][168] The CBO released a report stating that the stimulus bill increased employment by 1–2.1 million,[168][169][170][171] while conceding that "It is impossible to determine how many of the reported jobs would have existed in the absence of the stimulus package."[167] Although an April 2010 survey of members of the National Association for Business Economics showed an increase in job creation (over a similar January survey) for the first time in two years, 73 percent of 68 respondents believed that the stimulus bill has had no impact on employment.[172]
Within a month of the 2010 midterm elections, Obama announced a compromise deal with the Congressional Republican leadership that included a temporary, two-year extension of the 2001 and 2003 income tax rates, a one-year payroll tax reduction, continuation of unemployment benefits, and a new rate and exemption amount for estate taxes.[173] The compromise overcame opposition from some in both parties, and the resulting $858 billion Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010 passed with bipartisan majorities in both houses of Congress before Obama signed it on December 17, 2010.[174]
Health care reform[link]
Main article: Health care reform in the United States
Obama called for Congress to pass legislation reforming health care in the United States, a key campaign promise and a top legislative goal.[175] He proposed an expansion of health insurance coverage to cover the uninsured, to cap premium increases, and to allow people to retain their coverage when they leave or change jobs. His proposal was to spend $900 billion over 10 years and include a government insurance plan, also known as the public option, to compete with the corporate insurance sector as a main component to lowering costs and improving quality of health care. It would also make it illegal for insurers to drop sick people or deny them coverage for pre-existing conditions, and require every American carry health coverage. The plan also includes medical spending cuts and taxes on insurance companies that offer expensive plans.[176][177]
On July 14, 2009, House Democratic leaders introduced a 1,017-page plan for overhauling the U.S. health care system, which Obama wanted Congress to approve by the end of 2009.[175] After much public debate during the Congressional summer recess of 2009, Obama delivered a speech to a joint session of Congress on September 9 where he addressed concerns over the proposals.[178] In March 2009, Obama lifted a ban on stem cell research.[179]
File:PPACA Premium Chart.jpg
Maximum Out-of-Pocket Premium as Percentage of Family Income and federal poverty level, under Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, starting in 2014. (Source: CRS)
On November 7, 2009, a health care bill featuring the public option was passed in the House.[180][181] On December 24, 2009, the Senate passed its own bill—without a public option—on a party-line vote of 60–39.[182] On March 21, 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act passed by the Senate in December was passed in the House by a vote of 219 to 212.[183] Obama signed the bill into law on March 23, 2010.[184]
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act includes health-related provisions to take effect over four years, including expanding Medicaid eligibility for people making up to 133 percent of the federal poverty level (FPL) starting in 2014,[185] subsidizing insurance premiums for people making up to 400 percent of the FPL ($88,000 for family of four in 2010) so their maximum "out-of-pocket" payment for annual premiums will be from 2 to 9.5 percent of income,[186][187] providing incentives for businesses to provide health care benefits, prohibiting denial of coverage and denial of claims based on pre-existing conditions, establishing health insurance exchanges, prohibiting annual coverage caps, and support for medical research. According to White House and Congressional Budget Office figures, the maximum share of income that enrollees would have to pay would vary depending on their income relative to the federal poverty level.[186][188]
The costs of these provisions are offset by taxes, fees, and cost-saving measures, such as new Medicare taxes for those in high-income brackets, taxes on indoor tanning, cuts to the Medicare Advantage program in favor of traditional Medicare, and fees on medical devices and pharmaceutical companies;[189] there is also a tax penalty for those who do not obtain health insurance, unless they are exempt due to low income or other reasons.[190] In March, 2010, the Congressional Budget Office estimated that the net effect of both laws will be a reduction in the federal deficit by $143 billion over the first decade.[191]
In March 2012, the Supreme Court heard arguments by a coalition of 26 states maintaining that it is unconstitutional to force individuals to buy health insurance.[192]
Gulf of Mexico oil spill[link]
On April 20, 2010, an explosion destroyed an offshore drilling rig at the Macondo Prospect in the Gulf of Mexico, causing a major sustained oil leak. The well's operator, BP, initiated a containment and cleanup plan, and began drilling two relief wells intended to stop the flow. Obama visited the Gulf on May 2 among visits by members of his cabinet, and again on May 28 and June 4. On May 22, he announced a federal investigation and formed a bipartisan commission to recommend new safety standards, after a review by Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar and concurrent Congressional hearings. On May 27, he announced a 6-month moratorium on new deepwater drilling permits and leases, pending regulatory review.[193] As multiple efforts by BP failed, some in the media and public expressed confusion and criticism over various aspects of the incident, and stated a desire for more involvement by Obama and the federal government.[194]
Foreign policy[link]
Main articles: Foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration and Barack Obama foreign policy
In February and March, Vice President Joe Biden and Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton made separate overseas trips to announce a "new era" in U.S. foreign relations with Russia and Europe, using the terms "break" and "reset" to signal major changes from the policies of the preceding administration.[195] Obama attempted to reach out to Arab leaders by granting his first interview to an Arab cable TV network, Al Arabiya.[196]
On March 19, Obama continued his outreach to the Muslim world, releasing a New Year's video message to the people and government of Iran.[197] This attempt at outreach was rebuffed by the Iranian leadership.[198] In April, Obama gave a speech in Ankara, Turkey, which was well received by many Arab governments.[199] On June 4, 2009, Obama delivered a speech at Cairo University in Egypt calling for "a new beginning" in relations between the Islamic world and the United States and promoting Middle East peace.[200]
On June 26, 2009, in response to the Iranian government's actions towards protesters following Iran's 2009 presidential election, Obama said: "The violence perpetrated against them is outrageous. We see it and we condemn it."[201] On July 7, while in Moscow, he responded to a Vice President Biden comment on a possible Israeli military strike on Iran by saying: "We have said directly to the Israelis that it is important to try and resolve this in an international setting in a way that does not create major conflict in the Middle East."[202]
On September 24, 2009, Obama became the first sitting U.S. president to preside over a meeting of the United Nations Security Council.[203]
In March 2010, Obama took a public stance against plans by the government of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to continue building Jewish housing projects in predominantly Arab neighborhoods of East Jerusalem.[204][205] During the same month, an agreement was reached with the administration of Russian President Dmitry Medvedev to replace the 1991 Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty with a new pact reducing the number of long-range nuclear weapons in the arsenals of both countries by about one-third.[206] The New START treaty was signed by Obama and Medvedev in April 2010, and was ratified by the U.S. Senate in December 2010.[207]
On December 6, 2011, he instructed agencies to consider LGBT rights when issuing financial aid to foreign countries.[208]
Iraq War[link]
On February 27, 2009, Obama declared that combat operations in Iraq would end within 18 months. His remarks were made to a group of Marines preparing for deployment to Afghanistan. Obama said, "Let me say this as plainly as I can: By August 31, 2010, our combat mission in Iraq will end."[209] The Obama administration scheduled the withdrawal of combat troops to be completed by August 2010, decreasing troops levels from 142,000 while leaving a transitional force of 35,000 to 50,000 in Iraq until the end of 2011. On August 19, 2010, the last United States combat brigade exited Iraq. The plan is to transition the mission of the remaining troops from combat operations to counter-terrorism and the training, equipping, and advising of Iraqi security forces.[210][211] On August 31, 2010, Obama announced that the United States combat mission in Iraq was over.[212] On October 21, 2011 President Obama announced that all U.S. troops would leave Iraq in time to be, "home for the holidays".[213]
War in Afghanistan[link]
Main article: War in Afghanistan (2001–present)
Early in his presidency, Obama moved to bolster U.S. troop strength in Afghanistan.[214] He announced an increase to U.S. troop levels of 17,000 in February 2009 to "stabilize a deteriorating situation in Afghanistan", an area he said had not received the "strategic attention, direction and resources it urgently requires".[215] He replaced the military commander in Afghanistan, General David D. McKiernan, with former Special Forces commander Lt. Gen. Stanley A. McChrystal in May 2009, indicating that McChrystal's Special Forces experience would facilitate the use of counterinsurgency tactics in the war.[216] On December 1, 2009, Obama announced the deployment of an additional 30,000 military personnel to Afghanistan.[217] He also proposed to begin troop withdrawals 18 months from that date.[218][219] McChrystal was replaced by David Petraeus in June 2010, after McChrystal's staff criticized White House personnel in a magazine article.[220]
Israel[link]
During the initial years of the Obama administration, the U.S. increased military cooperation with Israel, including a record number of U.S. troops participating in military exercises in the country, increased military aid, the re-establishment of the U.S.-Israeli Joint Political Military Group and the Defense Policy Advisory Group, and an increase in visits among high-level military officials of both countries, including Ehud Barak and Admiral Mike Mullen.[221]
In 2011, the United States vetoed a Security Council resolution condemning Israeli settlements, with the United States being the only nation to do so.[222] Obama supports the two-state solution to the Arab–Israeli conflict based on the 1967 borders with land swaps.[223]
War in Libya[link]
Main article: 2011 military intervention in Libya
In March 2011, as forces loyal to Muammar Gaddafi advanced on rebels across Libya, calls for a no-fly zone came from around the world, including Europe, the Arab League, and a resolution[224] passed unanimously by the U.S. Senate.[225] In response to the unanimous passage of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973 on March 17, Gaddafi who had previously vowed to "show no mercy" to the citizens of Benghazi[226]—announced an immediate cessation of military activities,[227] yet reports came in that his forces continued shelling Misrata. The next day, on Obama's orders, the U.S. military took a lead role in air strikes to destroy the Libyan government's air defense capabilities in order to protect civilians and enforce a no-fly-zone,[228] including the use of Tomahawk missiles, B-2 Spirits, and fighter jets.[229][230][231] Six days later, on March 25, by unanimous vote of all of its 28 members, NATO took over leadership of the effort, dubbed Operation Unified Protector.[232] Some Representatives[233] questioned whether Obama had the constitutional authority to order military action in addition to questioning its cost, structure and aftermath.[234][235]
Osama bin Laden[link]
Main article: Death of Osama bin Laden
See also: The Situation Room (photograph)
Starting with information received in July 2010, intelligence developed by the CIA over the next several months determined what they believed to be the location of Osama bin Laden in a large compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan, a suburban area 35 miles from Islamabad.[236] CIA head Leon Panetta reported this intelligence to President Obama in March 2011.[236] Meeting with his national security advisers over the course of the next six weeks, Obama rejected a plan to bomb the compound, and authorized a "surgical raid" to be conducted by United States Navy SEALs.[236] The operation took place on May 1, 2011, resulting in the death of bin Laden and the seizure of papers and computer drives and disks from the compound.[237][238] Bin Laden's body was identified through DNA testing,[239] and buried at sea several hours later.[240] Within minutes of the President's announcement from Washington, DC, late in the evening on May 1, there were spontaneous celebrations around the country as crowds gathered outside the White House, and at New York City's Ground Zero and Times Square.[237][241] Reaction to the announcement was positive across party lines, including from former Presidents Bill Clinton and George W. Bush,[242] and from many countries around the world.[243]
2010 midterm election[link]
Obama called the November 2, 2010 election, where the Democratic Party lost 63 seats in, and control of, the House of Representatives,[244] "humbling" and a "shellacking".[245] He said that the results came because not enough Americans had felt the effects of the economic recovery.[246]
Cultural and political image[link]
Main article: Public image of Barack Obama
Obama's family history, upbringing, and Ivy League education differ markedly from those of African American politicians who launched their careers in the 1960s through participation in the civil rights movement.[248] Obama is also not a descendant of American slaves.[249] Expressing puzzlement over questions about whether he is "black enough", Obama told an August 2007 meeting of the National Association of Black Journalists that "we're still locked in this notion that if you appeal to white folks then there must be something wrong".[250] Obama acknowledged his youthful image in an October 2007 campaign speech, saying: "I wouldn't be here if, time and again, the torch had not been passed to a new generation."[251]
Obama is frequently referred to as an exceptional orator.[252] During his pre-inauguration transition period and continuing into his presidency, Obama has delivered a series of weekly Internet video addresses.[253]
According to the Gallup Organization, Obama began his presidency with a 68 percent approval rating[254] before gradually declining for the rest of the year, and eventually bottoming out at 41 percent in August 2010,[255] a trend similar to Ronald Reagan's and Bill Clinton's first years in office.[256] He experienced a small poll bounce shortly after the death of Osama bin Laden, which lasted until around June 2011, when his approval numbers dropped back to where they were prior to the operation.[257][258][259] Polls show strong support for Obama in other countries,[260] and before being elected President he has met with prominent foreign figures including then-British Prime Minister Tony Blair,[261] Italy's Democratic Party leader and then Mayor of Rome Walter Veltroni,[262] and French President Nicolas Sarkozy.[263]
In a February 2009 poll conducted by Harris Interactive for France 24 and the International Herald Tribune, Obama was rated as the most respected world leader, as well as the most powerful.[264] In a similar poll conducted by Harris in May 2009, Obama was rated as the most popular world leader, as well as the one figure most people would pin their hopes on for pulling the world out of the economic downturn.[265][266]
Obama won Best Spoken Word Album Grammy Awards for abridged audiobook versions of Dreams from My Father in February 2006 and for The Audacity of Hope in February 2008.[267] His concession speech after the New Hampshire primary was set to music by independent artists as the music video "Yes We Can", which was viewed 10 million times on YouTube in its first month[268] and received a Daytime Emmy Award.[269] In December 2008, Time magazine named Obama as its Person of the Year for his historic candidacy and election, which it described as "the steady march of seemingly impossible accomplishments".[270]
On October 9, 2009, the Norwegian Nobel Committee announced that Obama had won the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize "for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples".[271] Obama accepted this award in Oslo, Norway on December 10, 2009, with "deep gratitude and great humility."[272] The award drew a mixture of praise and criticism from world leaders and media figures.[273][274] Obama is the fourth U.S. president to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize and the third to become a Nobel laureate while in office.
Family and personal life[link]
Main article: Family of Barack Obama
In a 2006 interview, Obama highlighted the diversity of his extended family: "It's like a little mini-United Nations", he said. "I've got relatives who look like Bernie Mac, and I've got relatives who look like Margaret Thatcher."[275] Obama has a half-sister with whom he was raised, Maya Soetoro-Ng, the daughter of his mother and her Indonesian second husband and seven half-siblings from his Kenyan father's family – six of them living.[276] Obama's mother was survived by her Kansas-born mother, Madelyn Dunham,[277] until her death on November 2, 2008,[278] two days before his election to the Presidency. Obama also has roots in Ireland; he met with his Irish cousins in Moneygall in May 2011.[279] In Dreams from My Father, Obama ties his mother's family history to possible Native American ancestors and distant relatives of Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War.[280]
Obama was known as "Barry" in his youth, but asked to be addressed with his given name during his college years.[281] Besides his native English, Obama speaks Indonesian at the conversational level, having learned the language during his four childhood years in Jakarta.[282] He plays basketball, a sport he participated in as a member of his high school's varsity team.[283]
Obama is a well known supporter of the Chicago White Sox, and threw out the first pitch at the 2005 ALCS when he was still a senator.[284] In 2009, he threw out the ceremonial first pitch at the all star game while wearing a White Sox jacket.[285] He is also primarily a Chicago Bears fan in the NFL, but in his childhood and adolescence was a fan of the Pittsburgh Steelers, and recently rooted for them ahead of their victory in Super Bowl XLIII 12 days after Obama took office as President.[286] In 2011, Obama invited the 1985 Bears to the White House; in 1986, the team did not attend due to the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster.[287]
In June 1989, Obama met Michelle Robinson when he was employed as a summer associate at the Chicago law firm of Sidley Austin.[288] Assigned for three months as Obama's adviser at the firm, Robinson joined him at group social functions, but declined his initial requests to date.[289] They began dating later that summer, became engaged in 1991, and were married on October 3, 1992.[290] The couple's first daughter, Malia Ann, was born on July 4, 1998,[291] followed by a second daughter, Natasha ("Sasha"), on June 10, 2001.[292] The Obama daughters attended the private University of Chicago Laboratory Schools. When they moved to Washington, D.C., in January 2009, the girls started at the private Sidwell Friends School.[293] The Obamas have a Portuguese Water Dog named Bo, a gift from Senator Ted Kennedy.[294]
Applying the proceeds of a book deal, the family moved in 2005 from a Hyde Park, Chicago condominium to a $1.6 million house in neighboring Kenwood, Chicago.[295] The purchase of an adjacent lot—and sale of part of it to Obama by the wife of developer, campaign donor and friend Tony Rezko—attracted media attention because of Rezko's subsequent indictment and conviction on political corruption charges that were unrelated to Obama.[296]
In December 2007, Money magazine estimated the Obama family's net worth at $1.3 million.[297] Their 2009 tax return showed a household income of $5.5 million—up from about $4.2 million in 2007 and $1.6 million in 2005—mostly from sales of his books.[298][299] On his 2010 income of $1.7 million, he gave 14 percent to non-profit organizations, including $131,000 to Fisher House Foundation, a charity assisting wounded veterans' families, allowing them to reside near where the veteran is receiving medical treatments.[300][301]
As per the latest financial disclosure, Obama may be worth as much as $10 million.[302]
Obama tried to quit smoking several times, sometimes using nicotine replacement therapy, and, in early 2010, Michelle Obama said that he had successfully quit smoking.[303][304]
Religious views[link]
Obama is a Christian whose religious views developed in his adult life. He wrote in The Audacity of Hope that he "was not raised in a religious household". He described his mother, raised by non-religious parents (whom Obama has specified elsewhere as "non-practicing Methodists and Baptists"), to be detached from religion, yet "in many ways the most spiritually awakened person that I have ever known". He described his father as "raised a Muslim", but a "confirmed atheist" by the time his parents met, and his stepfather as "a man who saw religion as not particularly useful". Obama explained how, through working with black churches as a community organizer while in his twenties, he came to understand "the power of the African-American religious tradition to spur social change".[305]
In an interview with the evangelical periodical Christianity Today, Obama stated: "I am a Christian, and I am a devout Christian. I believe in the redemptive death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. I believe that that faith gives me a path to be cleansed of sin and have eternal life."[306]
On September 27, 2010, Obama released a statement commenting on his religious views saying "I'm a Christian by choice. My family didn't—frankly, they weren't folks who went to church every week. And my mother was one of the most spiritual people I knew, but she didn't raise me in the church. So I came to my Christian faith later in life, and it was because the precepts of Jesus Christ spoke to me in terms of the kind of life that I would want to lead—being my brothers' and sisters' keeper, treating others as they would treat me."[307][308]
Obama was baptized at the Trinity United Church of Christ, a black liberation church, in 1988, and was an active member there for two decades.[309] Obama resigned from Trinity during the Presidential campaign after controversial statements made by Rev. Jeremiah Wright became public.[310] After a prolonged effort to find a church to attend regularly in Washington, Obama announced in June 2009 that his primary place of worship would be the Evergreen Chapel at Camp David.[311]
Notes[link]
- ^ "President Barack Obama". Washington, D.C.: The White House. 2008. http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/president-obama. Retrieved December 12, 2008.
- ^ a b "Certificate of Live Birth: Barack Hussein Obama II, August 4, 1961, 7:24 pm, Honolulu". Department of Health, State of Hawaii. The White House. April 27, 2011. http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/rss_viewer/birth-certificate-long-form.pdf. Retrieved April 27, 2011.
- ^ "American President: Barack Obama". Charlottesville, VA: Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. 2009. http://millercenter.org/academic/americanpresident/obama. Retrieved January 23, 2009. "Religion: Christian"
- "The Truth about Barack's Faith". Obama for America. http://www.fightthesmears.com/file_download/2/baracksfaith.pdf. Retrieved April 8, 2011.
- Miller, Lisa (July 18, 2008). "Finding his faith". Newsweek. http://www.newsweek.com/id/145971. Retrieved February 4, 2010. "He is now a Christian, having been baptized in the early 1990s at Trinity United Church of Christ in Chicago."
- Barakat, Matthew (November 17, 2008). "Obama's church choice likely to be scrutinized; D.C. churches have started extending invitations to Obama and his family". Associated Press. MSNBC. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/27775757. Retrieved January 20, 2009. "The United Church of Christ, the denomination from which Obama resigned when he left Wright's church, issued a written invitation to join a UCC denomination in Washington and resume his connections to the church." .
- "Barack Obama, long time UCC member, inaugurated forty-fourth U.S. President". News. United Church of Christ. January 20, 2009. http://www.ucc.org/news/obama-inauguration.html. Retrieved January 21, 2009. "Barack Obama, who spent more than 20 years as a UCC member, is the forty-fourth President of the United States."
- Sullivan, Amy (June 29, 2009). "The Obama's find a church home—away from home". Time. http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1907610,00.html. Retrieved February 5, 2010. "instead of joining a congregation in Washington, D.C., he will follow in George W. Bush's footsteps and make his primary place of worship Evergreen Chapel, the nondenominational church at Camp David." .
- Kornblut, Anne E. (February 4, 2010). "Obama's spirituality is largely private, but it's influential, advisers say". The Washington Post: p. A6. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/02/03/AR2010020303619.html. Retrieved February 5, 2010. "Obama prays privately ... And when he takes his family to Camp David on the weekends, a Navy chaplain ministers to them, with the daughters attending a form of Sunday school there."
- ^ a b Maraniss, David (August 24, 2008). "Though Obama had to leave to find himself, it is Hawaii that made his rise possible". The Washington Post: p. A22. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/08/23/AR2008082301620.html. Retrieved October 28, 2008.
- ^ Nakaso, Dan (December 22, 2008). "Twin sisters, Obama on parallel paths for years". The Honolulu Advertiser: p. B1. http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2008/Dec/22/ln/hawaii812220320.html. Retrieved January 22, 2011.
- ^ Rudin, Ken (December 23, 2009). "Today's Junkie segment On TOTN: a political review Of 2009". Talk of the Nation (Political Junkie blog). NPR. http://www.npr.org/blogs/politicaljunkie/2009/12/todays_junkie_segment_on_totn_5.html. Retrieved April 18, 2010. "We began with the historic inauguration on January 20—yes, the first president ever born in Hawaii"
- ^ for Stanley Ann's first name, see Obama (1995, 2004), p. 19.
- ^ Ewen MacAskill in Washington and Nicholas Watt (May 20, 2011). "Obama looks forward to rediscovering his Irish roots on European tour". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/may/20/obama-irish-roots-european-tour. Retrieved August 3, 2011.
- ^ Mason, Jeff (May 23, 2011). "Obama visits family roots in Ireland". Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/05/23/us-obama-ireland-idUSTRE74M09F20110523. Retrieved August 3, 2011.
- ^ "Obama urged to create own tartan". BBC News. January 20, 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7838208.stm. Retrieved April 9, 2012.
- ^ "Researchers: Obama has German roots". USA Today. June 4, 2009. http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2009-06-04-obama-roots_N.htm. Retrieved April 9, 2012.
- ^ "Honorary citizenship papers sent to Obama". Swissinfo.ch. July 14, 2010. http://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/swiss_news/Honorary_citizenship_papers_sent_to_Obama.html?cid=17963746. Retrieved April 9, 2012.
- ^ a b Jones, Tim (March 27, 2007). "Barack Obama: Mother not just a girl from Kansas; Stanley Ann Dunham shaped a future senator". Chicago Tribune: p. 1 (Tempo). Archived from the original on February 21, 2009. http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/politics/obama/chi-0703270151mar27-archive,0,5853572,full.story. Retrieved May 18, 2012.
- ^ a b Obama (1995, 2004), pp. 9–10.
- ^ a b Ripley, Amanda (April 9, 2008). "The story of Barack Obama's mother". Time. http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1729524,00.html. Retrieved April 9, 2007.
- ^ Ochieng, Philip (November 1, 2004). "From home squared to the US Senate: how Barack Obama was lost and found". The EastAfrican. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070927223905/http://www.nationmedia.com/EastAfrican/01112004/Features/PA2-11.html. Retrieved June 25, 2008.
- Merida, Kevin (December 14, 2007). "The ghost of a father". The Washington Post: p. A12. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/story/2007/12/13/ST2007121301893.html. Retrieved June 25, 2008.
- ^ Karana, Kinanti Pinta (December 9, 2009). "Statue of a young Obama to watch over Indonesian capital". Jakarta Globe. http://thejakartaglobe.com/home/statue-of-us-president-barack-obama-to-be-unveiled-in-jakarta-park/346178. Retrieved December 8, 2009.
- Obama (1995, 2004), pp. 44–45.
- ^ Pickler, Nedra (January 24, 2007). "Obama debunks claim about Islamic school". The Washington Post. Associated Press. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/24/AR2007012400371_pf.html. Retrieved December 31, 2009.
- "Statue of boy Obama erected in Jakarta". Xinhua News Agency. December 10, 2009. http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-12/10/content_12624443.htm. Retrieved December 31, 2009.
- ^ Serafin, Peter (March 21, 2004). "Punahou grad stirs up Illinois politics". Honolulu Star-Bulletin. http://archives.starbulletin.com/2004/03/21/news/story4.html. Retrieved March 20, 2008.
- Scott, Janny (March 14, 2008). "A free-spirited wanderer who set Obama's path". The New York Times: p. A1. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/14/us/politics/14obama.html?pagewanted=all. Retrieved November 18, 2011.
- Obama (1995, 2004), Chapters 3 and 4.
- ^ Suryakusuma, Julia (November 29, 2006). "Obama for President... of Indonesia". The Jakarta Post. http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2006/11/29/obama-president-indonesia.html. Retrieved June 25, 2008.
- ^ Serrano, Richard A. (March 11, 2007). "Obama's peers didn't see his angst". Los Angeles Times: p. A20. http://www.latimes.com/news/politics/la-na-obamahawaii11-2007mar11,0,199085,full.story. Retrieved March 13, 2007.
- Obama (1995, 2004), Chapters 4 and 5.
- ^ Reyes, B.J. (February 8, 2007). "Punahou left lasting impression on Obama". Honolulu Star-Bulletin. http://archives.starbulletin.com/2007/02/08/news/story02.html. Retrieved February 10, 2007. "As a teenager, Obama went to parties and sometimes sought out gatherings on military bases or at the University of Hawaii that were mostly attended by blacks."
- ^ Elliott, Philip (November 21, 2007). "Obama gets blunt with N.H. students". The Boston Globe. Associated Press: p. 8A. http://articles.boston.com/2007-11-21/news/29233371_1_barack-obama-education-plan-campaign-trail. Retrieved May 18, 2012.
- Obama (1995, 2004), pp. 93–94.
- for analysis of the political impact of the quote and Obama's more recent admission that he smoked marijuana as a teenager ("When I was a kid, I inhaled"), see:
- Seelye, Katharine Q. (October 24, 2006). "Obama offers more variations from the norm". The New York Times: p. A21. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D07E2DB173FF937A15753C1A9609C8B63. Retrieved October 29, 2006.
- Romano, Lois (January 3, 2007). "Effect of Obama's candor remains to be seen". The Washington Post: p. A1. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/02/AR2007010201359.html. Retrieved January 14, 2007.
- ^ Hornick, Ed (August 17, 2008). "Obama, McCain talk issues at pastor's forum". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/08/16/warren.forum/. Retrieved May 18, 2012.
- ^ a b Gordon, Larry (January 29, 2007). "Occidental recalls 'Barry' Obama". Los Angeles Times: p. B1. http://articles.latimes.com/2007/jan/29/local/me-oxy29. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
- Possley, Maurice (March 30, 2007). "Activism blossomed in college". Chicago Tribune: p. 20. http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/chi-0703291042mar30-archive,0,1533921.story. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
- Kovaleski, Serge F. (February 9, 2008). "Old friends say drugs played bit part in Obama's young life". The New York Times: p. A1. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/09/us/politics/09obama.html?pagewanted=all. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
- Rohter, Larry (April 10, 2008). "Obama says real-life experience trumps rivals' foreign policy credits". The New York Times: p. A18. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/10/us/politics/10obama.html. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
- Goldman, Adam; Tanner, Robert (May 15, 2008). "Old friends recall Obama's years in LA, NYC". USA Today. Associated Press. http://www.usatoday.com/news/politics/2008-05-15-3144401415_x.htm. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
- Helman, Scott (August 25, 2008). "Small college awakened future senator to service". The Boston Globe: p. 1A. http://www.boston.com/news/politics/2008/articles/2008/08/25/small_college_awakened_future_senator_to_service/?page=full. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
- Jackson, Brooks (June 5, 2009). "More 'birther' nonsense: Obama's 1981 Pakistan trip". FactCheck.org. http://www.factcheck.org/2009/06/more-birther-nonsense-obamas-1981-pakistan-trip. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
- Remnick, David (2010). The Bridge: The Life and Rise of Barack Obama. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. pp. 98–112. ISBN 978-1-4000-4360-6.
- Obama (1995, 2004), pp. 92–112.
- Mendell (2007), pp. 55–62.
- ^ Boss-Bicak, Shira (January 2005). "Barack Obama '83". Columbia College Today. ISSN 0572-7820. http://www.college.columbia.edu/cct_archive/jan05/cover.php. Retrieved October 1, 2006.
- ^ Obama, Barack (1998). "Curriculum vitae". The University of Chicago Law School. Archived from the original on May 9, 2001. http://web.archive.org/web/20010509024017/http://www.law.uchicago.edu/faculty/obama/cv.html. Retrieved October 1, 2006.
- Issenberg, Sasha (August 6, 2008). "Obama shows hints of his year in global finance; Tied markets to social aid". The Boston Globe: p. 1A. http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2008/08/06/obama_shows_hints_of_his_year_in_global_finance/?page=1. Retrieved August 6, 2008.
- ^ Scott, Janny (July 30, 2007). "Obama's account of New York often differs from what others say". The New York Times: p. B1. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/30/us/politics/30obama.html?pagewanted=all. Retrieved July 31, 2007.
- Obama (1995, 2004), pp. 133–140.
- Mendell (2007), pp. 62–63.
- ^ a b c d Chassie, Karen, ed. (2007). Who's Who in America, 2008. New Providence, NJ: Marquis Who's Who. p. 3468. ISBN 978-0-8379-7011-0.
- ^ Lizza, Ryan (March 19, 2007). "The agitator: Barack Obama's unlikely political education". The New Republic 236 (12): 22–26, 28–29. ISSN 0028-6583. http://www.tnr.com/article/the-agitator-barack-obamas-unlikely-political-education. Retrieved August 21, 2007.
- Secter, Bob; McCormick, John (March 30, 2007). "Portrait of a pragmatist". Chicago Tribune: p. 1. Archived from the original on December 14, 2009. http://web.archive.org/web/20091214172131/http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/chi-0703300121mar30-archive,0,2491692,full.story. Retrieved May 18, 2012.
- Obama (1995, 2004), pp. 140–295.
- Mendell (2007), pp. 63–83.
- ^ a b c Matchan, Linda (February 15, 1990). "A Law Review breakthrough". The Boston Globe: p. 29. http://www.boston.com/news/politics/2008/articles/1990/02/15/a_law_review_breakthrough. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
- Corr, John (February 27, 1990). "From mean streets to hallowed halls" (paid archive). The Philadelphia Inquirer: p. C01. http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_multi=PI%7CDN%7C&p_product=PHNP&p_theme=phnp&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&s_trackval=PHNP&s_dispstring=Author%28John%20Corr%29%20AND%20date%2802/27/1990%20to%2002/27/1990%29%20AND%20date%28all%29&p_field_advanced-0=Author&p_text_advanced-0=%28John%20Corr%29&p_bool_advanced-1=AND&p_params_advanced-1=date:B,E&p_field_advanced-1=YMD_date&p_text_advanced-1=%2802/27/1990%20to%2002/27/1990%29&xcal_numdocs=20&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&xcal_useweights=no. Retrieved June 6, 2008.
- ^ Obama, Barack (August–September 1988). "Why organize? Problems and promise in the inner city". Illinois Issues 14 (8–9): 40–42. ISSN 0738-9663. reprinted in:
Knoepfle, Peg, ed. (1990). After Alinsky: community organizing in Illinois. Springfield, IL: Sangamon State University. pp. 35–40. ISBN 0-9620873-3-5. "He has also been a consultant and instructor for the Gamaliel Foundation, an organizing institute working throughout the Midwest." - ^ Obama (1995, 2004), pp. 299–437.
- ^ Gnecchi, Nico (February 27, 2006). "Obama receives hero's welcome at his family's ancestral village in Kenya". Voice of America. Archived from the original on March 21, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080321161040/http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2006-08/2006-08-27-voa17.cfm. Retrieved June 25, 2008.
- ^ a b Levenson, Michael; Saltzman, Jonathan (January 28, 2007). "At Harvard Law, a unifying voice". The Boston Globe: p. 1A. http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2007/01/28/at_harvard_law_a_unifying_voice/?page=full. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
- Kantor, Jodi (January 28, 2007). "In law school, Obama found political voice". The New York Times: p. A1. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/28/us/politics/28obama.html?pagewanted=all. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
- Mundy, Liza (August 12, 2007). "A series of fortunate events". The Washington Post: p. W10. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/08/08/AR2007080802038_pf.html. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
- Mendell (2007), pp. 80–92.
- ^ a b Butterfield, Fox (February 6, 1990). "First black elected to head Harvard's Law Review". The New York Times: p. A20. http://www.nytimes.com/1990/02/06/us/first-black-elected-to-head-harvard-s-law-review.html. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
- Ybarra, Michael J (February 7, 1990). "Activist in Chicago now heads Harvard Law Review". Chicago Tribune: p. 3. http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1990-02-07/news/9001110408_1_ann-dunham-chicago-housing-authority-barack-obama. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
- Drummond, Tammerlin (March 12, 1990). "Barack Obama's law; Harvard Law Review's first black president plans a life of public service" (paid archive). Los Angeles Times: p. E1. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/60017156.html?dids=60017156:60017156&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
- Evans, Gaynelle (March 15, 1990). "Opening another door: The saga of Harvard's Barack H. Obama". Black Issues in Higher Education 7 (1): 5. ISSN 0742-0277. http://diverseeducation.com/article/11791/. Retrieved May 18, 2012.
- Pugh, Allison J. (April 18, 1990). "Law Review's first black president aims to help poor". The Miami Herald. Associated Press: p. C01. http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_multi=MH%7C&p_product=MH&p_theme=realcities2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&s_site=miami&s_trackval=MH&s_search_type=keyword&s_dispstring=Law%20Review%27s%20first%20black%20president%20aims%20to%20help%20poor%20AND%20date%28all%29&p_field_advanced-0=&p_text_advanced-0=%28Law%20Review%27s%20first%20black%20president%20aims%20to%20help%20poor%29&xcal_numdocs=20&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&xcal_useweights=no. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
- ^ Aguilar, Louis (July 11, 1990). "Survey: Law firms slow to add minority partners". Chicago Tribune: p. 1 (Business). http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/28774085.html?dids=28774085:28774085&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
- ^ Adams, Richard (May 9, 2007). "Barack Obama". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2007/may/09/barackobama.uselections20081. Retrieved October 26, 2008.
- ^ a b c Scott, Janny (May 18, 2008). "The story of Obama, written by Obama". The New York Times: p. A1. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/18/us/politics/18memoirs.html?pagewanted=all. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
- Obama (1995, 2004), pp. xiii–xvii.
- ^ Merriner, James L. (June 2008). "The friends of O". Chicago 57 (6): 74–79, 97–99. ISSN 0362-4595. http://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/June-2008/Obamas-Chicago-Posse/The-Friends-of-O/index.php?cp=2&si=1. Retrieved January 30, 2010.
- Zengerle, Jason (July 30, 2008). "Con law; What the University of Chicago right thinks of Obama". The New Republic 239 (1): 7–8. ISSN 0028-6583. http://www.tnr.com/article/con-law?id=86dd0277-c6ee-4e3c-83e9-0bb468c5c40d&p=1. Retrieved January 30, 2010.
- Kantor, Jodi (July 30, 2008). "Teaching law, testing ideas, Obama stood slightly apart". The New York Times: p. A1. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/30/us/politics/30law.html?pagewanted=all. Retrieved January 30, 2010.
- Gray, Steven (September 10, 2008). "Taking professor Obama's class". Time. http://www.time.com/time/politics/article/0,8599,1835238-2,00.html. Retrieved January 30, 2010.
- Starr, Alexandra (September 21, 2008). "Case study". The New York Times Magazine: p. 76. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/21/magazine/21obama-t.html?pagewanted=all. Retrieved January 30, 2010.
- Hundley, Tom (March 22, 2009). "Ivory tower of power". Chicago Tribune Magazine: p. 6. http://www.chicagotribune.com/features/chi-mxa0322magazineobamapg6mar22,0,4802888,full.story. Retrieved January 30, 2010.
- ^ "Statement regarding Barack Obama". University of Chicago Law School. March 27, 2008. http://www.law.uchicago.edu/media/index.html. Retrieved June 5, 2008.
- Miller, Joe (March 28, 2008). "Was Barack Obama really a constitutional law professor?". FactCheck.org. http://factcheck.org/2008/03/obama-a-constitutional-law-professor/. Retrieved May 18, 2012.
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- ^ Obama (2006), pp. 327–332. See also:Brown, Sarah (December 7, 2005). "Obama '85 masters balancing act". The Daily Princetonian. http://www.dailyprincetonian.com/2005/12/07/14049. Retrieved February 9, 2009.
- ^ Obama (2006), p. 329.
- ^ Fornek, Scott (October 3, 2007). "Michelle Obama: 'He Swept Me Off My Feet'". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on January 18, 2010. http://www.webcitation.org/5msGZDbMO. Retrieved April 28, 2008.
- ^ Martin, Jonathan (July 4, 2008). "Born on the 4th of July". Politico. http://www.politico.com/blogs/jonathanmartin/0708/Born_on_the_4th_of_July.html. Retrieved July 10, 2008.
- ^ Obama (1995, 2004), p. 440, and Obama (2006), pp. 339–340. See also:"Election 2008 Information Center: Barack Obama". Gannett News Service. http://www.gannettnewsservice.com/?cat=153. Retrieved April 28, 2008.
- ^ "Obamas choose private Sidwell Friends School", International Herald Tribune, November 22, 2008
- ^ Cooper, Helene (April 13, 2009). "One Obama Search Ends With a Puppy Named Bo". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/13/us/politics/13obama.html. Retrieved December 22, 2010.
- ^ Zeleny, Jeff (December 24, 2005). "The first time around: Sen. Obama's freshman year". Chicago Tribune. http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/chi-051224obama,0,1779783,full.story. Retrieved April 28, 2008.
- ^ Slevin, Peter (December 17, 2006). "Obama says he regrets land deal with fundraiser". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/12/16/AR2006121600729.html. Retrieved June 10, 2008.
- Robinson, Mike (June 4, 2008). "Rezko found guilty in corruption case". Associated Press. MSNBC. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/24973282/. Retrieved June 24, 2008.
- ^ Harris, Marlys (December 7, 2007). "Obama's Money". CNNMoney.com. http://money.cnn.com/galleries/2007/moneymag/0712/gallery.candidates.moneymag/5.html. Retrieved April 28, 2008.
See also:Goldfarb, Zachary A (March 24, 2007). "Measuring Wealth of the '08 Candidates". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/24/AR2007032400305.html. Retrieved April 28, 2008. - ^ Zeleny, Jeff (April 17, 2008). "Book Sales Lifted Obamas' Income in 2007 to a Total of $4.2 Million". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/17/us/politics/17obama.html. Retrieved April 28, 2008.
- ^ Shear, Michael D.; Hilzenrath, David S. (April 16, 2010). "Obamas report $5.5 million in income on 2009 tax return". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/04/15/AR2010041504485.html. Retrieved December 22, 2010.
- ^ Solman, Paul (April 18, 2011). "How Much Did President Obama Make in 2010?". PBS NewsHour. http://www.pbs.org/newshour/businessdesk/2011/04/how-much-did-president-obama-m.html. Retrieved January 27, 2012.
- ^ Solman, Paul (April 27, 2011). "The Obamas Gave $131,000 to Fisher House Foundation in 2010; What Is It?". PBS NewsHour. http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/2011/04/the-obamas-gave-131000-to-the-fisher-house-foundation-last-year-what-is-it.html. Retrieved January 27, 2012.
- ^ Jackson, David (May 15, 2012). "Obama worth as much as $10 million". USA Today. Retrieved May 15, 2012.
- ^ Elsner, Alan (December 7, 2008). Obama says he won't be smoking in White House". Reuters. Retrieved February 28, 2010.
- ^ Zengerle, Patricia (February 8, 2011). "Yes, he did: first lady says Obama quit smoking". Reuters. Retrieved May 9, 2011.
- ^ Obama (2006), pp. 202–208. Portions excerpted in:Obama, Barack (October 16, 2006). "My Spiritual Journey". Time. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1546579,00.html. Retrieved April 28, 2008.
- Obama, Barack (June 28, 2006). "'Call to Renewal' Keynote Address". Barack Obama: U.S. Senator for Illinois. Archived from the original on January 4, 2009. http://web.archive.org/web/20090104231501/http://obama.senate.gov/speech/060628-call_to_renewal/. Retrieved June 16, 2008.
- ^ Christianity Today: "Q&A: Barack Obama" Interview by Sarah Pulliam and Ted Olsen, January 23, 2008
- ^ Obama 'Christian By Choice': President Responds To Questioner by Charles Babington and Darlene Superville, Associated Press, September 28, 2010
- ^ Video – President Obama: "I am a Christian By Choice" by ABC News, September 29, 2010.
- ^ Kantor, Jodi (April 30, 2007). "Barack Obama's search for faith". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/30/world/americas/30iht-30obama.5501905.html. Retrieved April 30, 2007.
- ^ "Obama's church choice likely to be scrutinized". Associated Press. MSNBC. November 17, 2008. Retrieved January 20, 2009.
- ^ Sullivan, Amy (June 29, 2009.) "The Obamas Find a Church Home—Away from Home". Time. Retrieved December 14, 2009.
References[link]
- Mendell, David (2007). Obama: From Promise to Power. New York: Amistad/HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-085820-6.
- Obama, Barack (1995, 2004). Dreams from My Father: A Story of Race and Inheritance. New York: Three Rivers Press. ISBN 1-4000-8277-3.
- Obama, Barack (2006). The Audacity of Hope: Thoughts on Reclaiming the American Dream. New York: Crown Publishing Group. ISBN 0-307-23769-9.
Further reading[link]
- Graff, Garrett. "The Legend of Barack Obama", Washingtonian, November 1, 2006. Retrieved January 14, 2008.
- Koltun, Dave (2005) "The 2004 Illinois Senate Race: Obama Wins Open Seat and Becomes National Political "Star"" in "The Road to Congress 2004" Editors: Sunil Ahuja (Youngstown State University) and Robert Dewhirst (Truman State University), Nova Science Publishers, Hauppauge, New York, 2005, ISBN 1-59454-360-7
- Lizza, Ryan. "Above the Fray", GQ, September 2007. Retrieved October 27, 2010.
- MacFarquhar, Larissa. "The Conciliator: Where is Barack Obama Coming From?", New Yorker, May 7, 2007. Retrieved January 14, 2008.
- McClelland, Edward, Young Mr. Obama: Chicago and the Making of a Black President, Bloomsbury Press, 2010.
- Zutter, Hank De. "What Makes Obama Run?", Chicago Reader, December 8, 1995. Retrieved January 14, 2008.
External links[link]
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Obama, Barack |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | American politician, 44th President of the United States |
| Date of birth | August 4, 1961 |
| Place of birth | Honolulu, Hawaii, United States |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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| Arvind Kejriwal | |
|---|---|
 Arvind Kejriwal |
|
| Born | (1968-06-16) 16 June 1968 (age 44) Hissar, Haryana |
| Education | B.Tech in Mechanical Engineering |
| Alma mater | IIT Kharagpur |
| Organization | Parivartan (परिवर्तन) Public Cause Research Foundation India Against Corruption |
| Political movement | 2012 Indian anti-corruption movement 2011 Indian anti-corruption movement Right to Information Jan Lokpal Bill |
| Religion | Hinduism |
| Children | 3 |
| Website | |
| http://www.pcrf.in/ | |
Arvind Kumar Kejriwal (born 16 June 1968) is a retired Indian Revenue Service officer and an Indian social activist fighting for greater transparency in Government.[1] He was awarded Ramon Magsaysay Award for Emergent Leadership in 2006, for activating India's Right to Information movement at grassroots and social activities to empower the poorest citizens to fight corruption by holding the government answerable to the people.[2][3][2][2] Kejriwal is also a Saathi (fellow) of the Association for India's Development,[4] a Global Impact award winning NGO.[5]
Contents |
Early life[link]
Arvind Kejriwal was born in a Marwari family in Hissar, Haryana in 1968.[1] His father was an engineer and he spent most of his childhood living in small northern Indian towns like Sonepat, Mathura and Hissar. He did his schooling from Campus School.[6] Kejriwal graduated from IIT Kharagpur as a Mechanical engineer in 1989.[7][8]
Career[link]
Kejriwal joined Tata Steel right after his graduation from IIT Kharagpur. Kejriwal quit his job with Tata Steel in 1992[citation needed] and spent some time working with Mother Teresa's Missionaries of Charity in Kolkata, the Ramakrishna Mission in the North-East India and Nehru Yuva Kendra.[9][10]
Kejriwal joined the Indian Revenue Service in 1995 after qualifying the highly competitive IAS examination.[10] In February 2006, he voluntarily resigned from the IRS as Joint Commissioner in IT Department.[11] After voluntary resignation from job, he founded Parivartan, a Delhi based citizens’ movement which works on ensuring a just, transparent and accountable governance. In December 2006, Kejriwal along with Manish Sisodia and Abhinandan Sekhri started Public Cause Research Foundation, which works for promoting better local self governance and RTI related campaigns[12]
Right to Information[link]
He along with Aruna Roy and others, campaigned for the Right to Information Act (RTI), which soon became a silent social movement, Delhi Right to Information Act was passed in 2001[7] and eventually at national level Indian Parliament passed the RTI in 2005. Thereafter, in July 2006, he spearheaded an awareness campaign for RTI across India.[13] To motivate others Arvind has now instituted an RTI Award through his organisation.[14] Kejriwal has been using RTI in corruption cases in many government departments including the Income Tax department, the Municipal Corporation of Delhi, the Public Distribution System (PDS), the Delhi Electricity Board and others.[9][15]
Jan Lokpal Bill[link]
As a member of India Against Corruption (IAC) Kejriwal is an active participant in the movement for the enactment of Jan Lokpal Bill. He is considered a key figure along with social activist Anna Hazare.[16] On August 16, 2011, Key members of the India Against Corruption including Kejriwal, Kiran Bedi, and Manish Sisodia were arrested four hours before the planned indefinite hunger strike by Hazare.[17] Rajan Bhagat, spokesman for Delhi Police, said police arrested Hazare under a legal provision that bans public gatherings and protests at the park in Delhi where Hazare was planning to begin his hunger strike. Activists were later released same day although they spent two more days in the Tihar jail negotiating conditions put on protest.[18] Kejriwal left the jail on August 18 and the protests started the following day from Ramlila Maidan in Delhi.[19] After twelve days of protests and many discussions between the government and the activists, Parliament passed a resolution to consider three points in drafting of Lokpal bill.[20]
Controversies[link]
Swami Agnivesh a former colleague of Kejriwal in Team Anna accused Arvind Kejriwal of diverting money from India Against Corruption (IAC) fund to his (Kejriwal's) own NGO. Kejriwal allegedly deposited Rs 70-80 lakh from IAC fund in his own NGO. The money was raised as the donation to IAC.[21] Mr. Kejriwal responded to the allegation that the IAC was a "movement" not an institution and that PCRF was working as a secretariat for IAC.[22]
In an article published in the Hindu newspaper in 22 August 2011, Booker prize winning author and civil rights activist Arundhati Roy alleged that an NGO run by Kejriwal received a donation of USD 400,000 from the Ford Foundation in the past 3 years.[23] Arvind Kejriwal has since admitted that the NGO Kabir he runs along with Manish Sisodia, did receive funds from the New York-based Ford Foundation, but pointed out that it had stopped about two years ago. Kejriwal dismissed the view held by some which suggested that Ford Foundation has historically been linked to CIA, the US intelligence agency that used it for channeling funds to its recipients in foreign countries.[24][25]
Personal life[link]
Kejriwal is married to Sunita, who is an IRS officer his batchmate from National Academy of Administration in Mussoorie.[8] They live just outside Delhi with their two children.[10] and presently Additional Director in Serious Fraud Investigation Office.
Awards[link]
- 2004: Ashoka Fellow, Civic Engagement.[9]
- 2005: 'Satyendra K. Dubey Memorial Award', IIT Kanpur for his campaign for bringing transparency in Government.[7]
- 2006: Ramon Magsaysay Award for Eminent Leadership.[2][3]
- 2006: CNN-IBN, 'Indian of the Year' in Public Service[26]
- 2009: Distinguished Alumnus Award, IIT Kharagpur for Eminent Leadership.[1]
- 2010: Policy Change Agent of the Year, The Economic Times Awards for Corporate Excellence along with Aruna Roy.[27]
- 2011: NDTV Indian of the Year along with Anna Hazare[28]
Arvind Kejariwal has also won an IIM Gold Medal.
Books[link]
The Right to Information : Vyawharik Margdarshika - Co-Author - Vishnu Rajgadia, Published by Rajkamal Prakashan, New Delhi. in the year 2008.[citation needed]
Slipper Attack on Kejriwal[link]
Team Anna member Arvind Kejriwal was attacked by a youth with a slipper during attending a program in Jhulelal Park Lucknow, India under India Against Corruption (IAC) anti-graft campaign.[29]
After the incident, the accused was caught by the IAC volunteers and handed over to the police. Later, Mr. Kejriwal asked that the accused be released and did not file any FIR against him.[30]
The accused was identified as Jitendra Pathak of Uttar Pradesh’s Jalaun district, who worked for the Indian National Congress from 2006-2009 and is a former member of Congress Sewa Dal.[31] He was not a mere party worker but was responsible for key areas in Jhansi. As per the accused acceptance, he considers Rahul Gandhi as his role model.[32][33]
Kejriwal's attacker Jitendra Pathak has been sacked from his job. He is working in a private construction company Ansh Project Service, Lucknow.[34] On the other hand, Arvind Kejriwal has written a letter to the chairman of the company to take back their decision and to retain the accused. As per Kejriwal's ideology, violence can be stopped by non-violence only and taking Jitendra's job is violence against the accused and his family.[35]
In a Sting operation done by India TV in Lucknow, the slipper threatened a bomb attack during Anna Hazare's anti-graft movement in Uttar Pradesh .[36]
See also[link]
- Right to Information Act
- Jan Lokpal Bill
- India Against Corruption
- 2012 Indian anti-corruption movement
- 2011 Indian anti-corruption movement
References[link]
- ^ a b c "Distinguished Alumnus of IIT Kharagpur". http://www.iitkgp.ac.in/top-awardees/daa1.php?Sl=61. Retrieved 22 August 2011.
- ^ a b c d Citation The 2006 Ramon Magsaysay Award for Emergent Leadership-CITATION.
- ^ a b "Magsaysay to Kejriwal". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 1 August 2006. http://www.hindu.com/2006/08/01/stories/2006080109870101.htm. Retrieved 19 October 2011.
- ^ "Association for India's Development". http://www.aidprojects.org/projects-view-1.asp?login=guest&id=944. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
- ^ "For this NGO, all roads lead to India". Times of India. September 20, 2011. http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-09-20/india/30179711_1_aid-binayak-sen-funds. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
- ^ http://www.rmaf.org.ph/Awardees/Biography/pdfbio/KejriwalArv.pdf
- ^ a b c Profile IIT Kanpur Alumni Association. Satyendra K. Dubey Memorial Award citation.
- ^ a b Hauzel, Hoihnu (Saturday, September 30, 2006). "Fighting the odds". The Telegraph. http://www.telegraphindia.com/1060930/asp/weekend/story_6784531.asp. Retrieved 20 August 2011.
- ^ a b c "Arvind Kejriwal". http://www.ashoka.org/fellow/2529.
- ^ a b c Sivanand, Mohan. "Arvind Kejriwal’s Quest for Change". Rreaders Digest. http://www.readersdigest.co.in/Arvind-Kejriwal-Quest-for-Change. Retrieved 20 August 2011.
- ^ Press Trust of India (2011-12-21), "Federal Government accepts Kejriwal's resignation after six years in 2011", CNN-IBN, http://ibnlive.in.com/news/govt-accepts-kejriwals-resignation/213611-37-64.html, retrieved 2011-12-21
- ^ "Public Cause Research Foundation. Arvind Kejriwal has also won IIM Gold Medal For the best student. | About". http://www.pcrf.in/aboutus.html. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
- ^ Don’t throttle RTI Arvind Kejriwal, livemint, Jul 6 2007.
- ^ "RTI Awards 2010 | About RTI". http://www.rtiawards.org/aboutrti.html. Retrieved 22 August 2011.
- ^ "Team Anna member Kejriwal decides to pay dues". Deccan Chronicle. http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/nation/north/team-anna-member-kejriwal-decides-pay-dues-623. Retrieved 13 November 2011.
- ^ "What is the Jan Lokpal Bill, why it's important". NDTV. http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/what-is-the-jan-lokpal-bill-why-its-important-96600&cp. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
- ^ "Anna Hazare IS the movement". Rediff. http://www.rediff.com/news/report/anna-hazare-is-the-movement/20110823.htm. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
- ^ "Anna Hazare refuses to leave Tihar Jail, says allow fast at JP Park". NDTV. August 17, 2011. http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/anna-hazare-to-be-released-from-tihar-jail-tonight-say-sources-126962. Retrieved 29 August 2011.
- ^ "Anna to stay in Tihar till venue is ready". Times of India. 18 Aug 2011. http://www.timesnow.tv/Kejriwal-leaves-Tihar-jail-Anna-next/articleshow/4381598.cms. Retrieved 29 August 2011.
- ^ "Agreed! says Parliament to Anna; fast ends at 10 am". NDTV. August 28, 2011. http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/absolutely-says-parliament-to-anna-no-vote-required-fast-ends-at-10-am-129474. Retrieved 29 August 2011.
- ^ {http://news.oneindia.in/2011/10/23/kejriwal-in-money-stealing-row-agnivesh-fuels-up-fire.html}
- ^ "“Hang us if you feel we are tainted, but bring Lokpal Bill”". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 26 October 2011. http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article2571614.ece.
- ^ Roy, Arundhati (22 August 2011). "I'd rather not be Anna". The Hindu (Chennai, India). http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-opinion/article2380789.ece.
- ^ http://www.indiatvnews.com/news/India/Kejriwal_Admits_His_NGO_Took_Money_From_Ford_Foundatio_-10340.html
- ^ http://www.ratical.org/ratville/CAH/FordFandCIA.html
- ^ "CNN IBN - INDIAN OF THE YEAR". http://www.indianoftheyear.com/2007/winner_2006.html. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
- ^ "ET Awards: The top 10 of 2010". The Economic Times. 7 Oct, 2010. http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/features/et-awards-the-top-10-of-2010/articleshow/6703195.cms?curpg=2. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
- ^ "NDTV Indian of the Year 2011". ndtv.com. http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/ndtv-indian-of-the-year-2011-142183. Retrieved 19 October 2011.
- ^ "Kejriwal Attacked with Slipper". 18 October 2011. http://www.deccanherald.com/content/198891/kejriwal-attacked-slipper.html. Retrieved 19 October 2011.
- ^ "Team Anna condemns attack on Kejriwal". Economic Times. 18 October 2011. http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics/nation/team-anna-condemns-attack-on-kejriwal-demands-independent-probe/articleshow/10405900.cms. Retrieved 19 October 2011.
- ^ "Arvind Kejriwal attacked with Slipper by a Congress Seva Dal Member". 19 October 2011. http://www.youngkingdom.com/2011/10/arvind-kejriwal-attacked-with-slipper-by-jitendra-pathak-a-congress-sewa-dal-member/. Retrieved 19 October 2011.
- ^ "Kejriwal attacker was in Congress". 19 October 2011. http://news.oneindia.in/2011/10/19/arvind-kejriwal-shoe-attacker-rahul-gandhi-fan.html. Retrieved 19 October 2011.
- ^ "Kejriwal attacker is a Rahul Gandhi fan". 19 October 2011. http://www.firstpost.com/politics/kejriwal-attacker-says-he-was-in-congress-seva-dal-says-no-way-111200.html. Retrieved 19 October 2011.
- ^ "Kejriwal attacker sacked job". 20 October 2011. http://www.deccanherald.com/content/199282/kejriwal-attacker-sacked-job.html. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
- ^ "Kejriwal letter to chairman". 20 October 2011. http://www.scribd.com/doc/69597151/Arvind-Kejriwal-s-letter-regarding-Jitendra-Pathak-s-dismissal. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
- ^ "Planning to attack on Anna & Medha Patkar". The Times Of India. 12 November 2011. http://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/10695464.cms. Retrieved 12 November 2011.
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Arvind Kejriwal |
- 'Parivartan' Official website
- 'Arvind Kejriwal' website
- 'Public Cause Research Foundation' Official website
- 'The Insurgent' by MEHBOOB JEELANI, The Caravan
- Arvind Kejriwal Interview BBC Hindi
- Arvind Kejriwal Interview BBC Hindi - Audio
- Jaago Re! "Usse kuchh farak padega kya?": Arvind Kejriwal on fighting corruption in India
- An Interview with Arvind Kejriwal
- 'Lokraj Andolan'
- 'India Against Corruption'
- 'Valmik Thapar Interviews Arvind Kejriwal'
- Follow Jan Lokpal Bill Movement
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Kejriwal, Arvind |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 16 June 1968 |
| Place of birth | Hissar, Haryana |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Arvind_Kejriwal
Related pages:
http://hi.wn.com/अरविंद केजरीवाल
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arvind_Kejriwal
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
Not to be confused with Annapoorna devi.
 |
This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page.
|
| Annapurna Devi | |
|---|---|
| Born | (1927-04-23) 23 April 1927 (age 85) Maihar, India |
| Genres | Hindustani classical music |
| Instruments | surbahar |
| Associated acts | Alauddin Khan, Ali Akbar Khan, Ravi Shankar |
Annapurna Devi (Devanagari: अन्नपूर्णा देवी; born Roshanara Khan (Urdu: روشن آراخان ) on 23 April 1927) is a reclusive surbahar (bass sitar) player of Hindustani Classical Music.
Contents |
Family and life[link]
Devi's father and guru Alauddin Khan, founder of the "Senia Maihar Gharana" or "Senia Maihar School" of Hindustani classical music, was considered a singular phenomenon in the twentieth century Indian classical music. Her uncles Fakir Aftabuddin Khan and Ayet Ali Khan were revered musicians at their native place Shibpur in the present-day Bangladesh. Her brother Ali Akbar Khan was a legendary Sarode maestro and was considered a "national living treasure" in India and the USA. Her former husband Sitarist Ravi Shankar is perhaps the best-known Indian classical musician abroad.
Annapurna Devi was born in 23 April 1927[1] at Maihar, a small princely state of British India (now a part of Madhya Pradesh state of India), where her revered father Alauddin Khan was a royal court musician at that time. But, her family has their ancestry in the village of Shibpur, Brahmanbaria, in the then British India, present Bangladesh. Annapurna Devi grew up in Maihar as Roshanara Khan. She was one of the three daughters (Jahanara, Sharija, Roshanara) of Alauddin Khan. Sharija died an early death suffering from diseases in her childhood. When Alauddin's other daughter, Jahanara, got married, and a jealous mother-in-law burnt her Tambura, a shocked Alauddin Khan decided not to train his only other daughter Roshanara. One day, however, he came home to discover Annapurna teaching her brother Ali Akbar Khan, and her talent made the emotional father change his mind. Annapurna, since then, started learning classical vocal music, Sitar, and Surbahar from her father.
Early career[link]
Annapurna Devi became a very accomplished Surbahar player of the Maihar Gharana (school) within a few years of starting to take music lessons from her father, and started guiding many of her father's disciples, Nikhil Banerjee and Bahadur Khan) in classical music as well as in the techniques and intricacies of instrumental performances. Meanwhile, Alauddin Khan's Sitar student Ravi Shankar married Annapurna.(There is no documentary evidence, saying on the basis of Pandit Jotin Bhattacharya's two vol. Bengali book, Ustad Allauddin Khan o Aamraa. Marriage took place because of the eagerness and proposal of Uday Shankar.). The marriage between Ravi Shankar and Annapurna Devi took place when Ravi was 21 years, and Annapurna was only 14 years old. On marriage, she converted to Hinduism and received the name Annapurna from the Maharaja of Maihar, Maharaj Brijnath Singh Ju Deo[1]. The marriage lasted more than two decades, and she gave birth to a son, Shubhendra Shankar (1942–1992), whom Annapurna Devi trained in Sitar. Shubhendra Shankar (or "Subho", as he was popularly known) had rigorous training in Sitar under the tutelage of his mother Annapurna Devi, but decided to opt for painting when he grew up and subsequently settled down in the USA. However, though Subho did not have a solo career in classical music, he used to assist his illustrious father Ravi Shankar in concerts all over the world.
In early life, both Ravi Shankar and Annapurna Devi have performed even duets in a number of concerts nationwide. But later, while Shankar decided to go out to perform the Sitar all over the world, Annapurna Devi increasingly chose to rest.
Teaching[link]
Notable mentions among her students would be her nephew Sarod maestro Aashish Khan Debsharma; Biren Banerjee of Howrah also received training from her; renowned flautists Pandit Hariprasad Chaurasia and Nityanand Haldipur; Sitarists Pandit Nikhil Banerjee received training from her, Chandrakant Sardeshmukh, the late Sudhir Phadke, Dr. Hemant Desai, and Professor Rooshikumar Pandya; and Sarodists Pradeep Barot, Amit Bhattacharya and Basant Kabra. The list of other occasional students includes Sandhya Apte (Sitar), Amit Hiren Roy (Sitar), Stuti Dey (Sarode), Uma Guha (Sarode), Milind Sheorey (Flute), and Kokila Rai, wife of the late Vasant Rai (Surbahar). All of them carry on the legacies of Annapurna Devi's, and thus Alauddin Khan's, music through their recitals.
She is also the key figure of Acharya Alauddin Music Circle (an association in the memory of the late Alauddin Khan for promoting Indian classical music), in Mumbai.
Honours[link]
Though she refrained from taking music as her profession, she received utmost reverence in all circles of Indian classical music especially for her unending repertoire in Indian classical music, and her traditional "dhrupadi" approach to music. She has received some of the most distinguished musical and civilian honours of India. She is the recipient of, among many, the Padma Bhushan (India's third highest civilian honour) in 1977; and the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award (the highest Indian honour in performing arts) in 1991; and the Deshikottam which is an honorary doctorate degree by Nobel laureate poet Rabindranath Tagore's Visva-Bharati University in 1999. In the year 2004, the Sangeet Natak Akademi, the Government of India's highest organisation for promoting music and other fine arts, has appointed her a "Ratna" or jewel fellow (a lifetime honour).
She has not recorded any music albums. But some of her performances (notably, 1. Raga Kaushi Kanara and Raga Majh Khamaj, Surbahar recital; and 2. Raga Yaman duet Surbahar recital with Ravi Shankar) that have been secretly taped from her earlier (1950s) concerts, are non-commercially available among a percentage of music lovers in India.
In spite of her avoidance of media-limelight, she continues to be thought of as a classical instrumentalist of the highest calibre in India.
Footnotes and references[link]
^ Unveiling the Mystique of a Reclusive Artiste, Jaya Ramanathan, The Hindu, 28 June 2005. ^ Swapan Kumar Bondyopadhyay: An Unheard Melody: Annapurna Devi – an Authorised Biography, Roli, New Delhi, 2005. ISBN 81-7436-399-8.
- ^ Lavezzoli, Peter (2006). The Dawn of Indian Music in the West. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 52. ISBN 0-8264-1815-5. http://books.google.com/books?id=OSZKCXtx-wEC&pg=PA52.
External links[link]
- Annapurna Devi's music, Source: The Vijaya Parrikar Library of Indian Classical Music
- Annapurna Devi by Mohan Nadkarni
A rare interview with Suanshu Khurana http://www.indianexpress.com/news/notes-from-behind-a-locked-door/619877/0
- Video
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Devi, Annapurna |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 23 April 1927 |
| Place of birth | Maihar, India |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
