Munda People

Saturday, 22 December 2012

Moments of sharing with Munda Tribal people Bangladesh.wmv

(oraon, munda , kadiya)welcome song before mass

News_BD_2011_Satkhira_International_Day 2011_of_Indigenous_People

(oraon, munda , kadiya)welcome song to guest 1

Munda Mera Bor Mang Lau Kartar Ramla & Tejveer Raju [ Official Video ] 2012 - Anand Music

indian punjabi - munda tu hai punjabi sohna

Eh Munda Nira Shanichare - Asa Singh Mastana

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Assam
Assam /əˈsæm/ (Assamese: অসম) also, rarely, Assam Valley and formerly the Assam Province (British India), is a northeastern state of India and is one of the most culturally and geographically distinct regions of the country^{[citation needed]}. Assam was one of the original provinces of the British ruled Indian sub-continent and among the original provinces of present day India, having a legislature that dates back to 1937. However, present day Assam has undergone numerous territory alignment changes, with its state map being altered more than any other province's. Known for exquisite natural resources, geography and its important role in India's freedom struggle; Assam has its capital as Dispur, an especialized city circuit region located on the outskirts of its largest metropolis, Guwahati.
Assam is particularly famous for its natural beauty. The landscape includes tea gardens, the river Brahmaputra, and many historical monuments and temples. Swami Vivekananda once said that, "next only to Kashmir, Assam is the most beautiful place in India" A state with an abundance of forest, Assam also has five national parks, around half a dozen other wildlife sanctuaries, and is home to two-thirds of the population of the unique one-horned rhino. When it comes to wildlife, Assam too has successfully conserved the one-horned Indian rhinoceros from near extinction, along with the tiger and numerous species of birds, and it provides one of the last wild habitats for the Asian elephant. It is becoming an increasingly popular destination for wildlife tourism, and Kaziranga and Manas are both World Heritage Sites.

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Bangladesh
Coordinates: 23°N 90°E / 23°N 90°E / 23; 90
Bangladesh (ⁱ/ˈbɑːŋɡlədɛʃ/ or ⁱ/bæŋɡləˈdɛʃ/ (Anglicized pronunciation); Bengali: বাংলাদেশ), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh (Bengali: গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ Gônoprojatontri Bangladesh) is a sovereign state located in South Asia. It is bordered by India and Burma and by the Bay of Bengal to the south. The capital (and largest city) is Dhaka, located in central Bangladesh. The official state language is Bengali. The name Bangladesh means "Land of Bengal" or "Country of Bengal" the in the Bengali language, from Bangla "Bengal" and desh holding a dual meaning of "land" and "country" as English "country," German land, French pays, etc.
The borders of present-day Bangladesh were established with the partition of Bengal during the reign and demise of the British India. Its map was chartered by Sir Cyril Radcliffe during the creation of Pakistan and India in 1947, when the region became East Pakistan, part of the newly formed nation of Pakistan. Due to political exclusion and economic exploitation by the politically dominant West Pakistan, popular agitation grew against West Pakistan and led to the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971, after the Bangladeshi Declaration of Independence on 26 March 1971. With the intervention of the Indian Army, the war came to an end on 16 December 1971 with the surrender of the Pakistan Army at Ramna Race Course.

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India
India (ⁱ/ˈɪndiə/), officially the Republic of India (Bhārat Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south-west, and the Bay of Bengal on the south-east, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Burma and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; in addition, India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.
Home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history. Four of the world's major religions—Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism—originated here, whereas Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived in the 1st millennium CE and also helped shape the region's diverse culture. Gradually annexed by and brought under the administration of the British East India Company from the early 18th century and administered directly by the United Kingdom from the mid-19th century, India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by non-violent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi.

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Jharkhand
Jharkhand /dʒɑrˈkɑːnd/^{[citation needed]} (Hindi: झारखण्ड; Bengali: ঝাড়খন্ড; Urdu: جھاڑکھنڈ; Jhārkhaṇḍ, pronounced [ˈdʒʱaːrkʰəɳɖ] ( listen)) is a state in eastern India. It was carved out of the southern part of Bihar on 15 November 2000. Jharkhand shares its border with the states of Bihar to the north, Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh to the west, Orissa to the south, and West Bengal to the east. It has an area of 79,714 km² 49,821 sq mi (129,040 km²). The industrial city of Ranchi is its capital and Dumka is sub capital while Jamshedpur is the largest and the biggest industrial city of the state. Some of the other major cities and industrial centres are Dhanbad, Bokaro and Hazaribagh.
The name "Jharkhand" means "The Land of Forests".
According to some writers like Gautam Kumar Bera, there was already a distinct geo-political, cultural entity called Jharkhand even before the period of Magadha Empire. Bera's book (page 33) also refers to the Hindu Mythological book Bhavishya Purana. The tribal rulers, some of whom continue to thrive till today were known as the Munda Rajas, who basically had ownership rights to large farmlands. During the Mughal period, the Jharkhand area was known as Kukara.

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Orissa

Orissa /ɔːˈrɪsə/ (Oriya: ଓଡ଼ିଶା [oˑɽisaˑ], Hindi: ओड़िशा – Oṛiśā), officially spelled Odisha, is a state of India, located on the east coast of India, by the Bay of Bengal. It is the modern name of the ancient nation of Kalinga, which was invaded by the Maurya Emperor Ashoka in 261 BCE. The modern state of Orissa was established on April 1, 1936, as a province in India, and consists predominantly of Oriya speakers. April 1^st is therefore celebrated as Utkala Dibasa (formation day of Orissa). Cuttack remained the capital of the state for over eight centuries until April 13, 1948 when Bhubaneswar was officially declared as the new capital of Orissa, and is the present capital of this state.
Orissa is the ninth largest state by area in India, and the eleventh largest by population. Oriya (officially spelled Odia) is the official and most widely spoken language, spoken by three quarters of the population. Orissa has a relatively unindented coastline (about 480 km long) and lacked good ports, except for the deepwater facility at Paradip, until the recent launch of the Dhamara Port (The Dhamra Port Company Limited (DPCL) is a 50:50 joint venture of L&T and Tata Steel. DPCL has been awarded a concession by Government of Orissa to build and operate a port north of the mouth of river Dhamra in Bhadrak district). The narrow, level coastal strip, including the Mahanadi River delta supports the bulk of the population. The interior of the state is mountainous and sparsely populated.Deomali at 1672 m is the highest point of the state. Orissa is subject to intense cyclones. The most intense one, in October 1999, Tropical Cyclone 05B caused severe damage and nearly 15,000 deaths.

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West Bengal
West Bengal /bɛŋˈɡɔːl/ (proposed new English name: Paschim Banga) is a state in the eastern region of India and is the nation's fourth-most populous. It is also the seventh-most populous sub-national entity in the world, with over 91 million inhabitants. Covering a total area of 34,267 sq mi (88,750 km²), it is bordered by the countries of Nepal, Bhutan, and Bangladesh, and the Indian states of Orissa, Jharkhand, Bihar, Sikkim, and Assam. The state capital is Kolkata (formerly Calcutta). West Bengal encompasses two broad natural regions: the Gangetic Plain in the south and the sub-Himalayan and Himalayan area in the north.
In the 3rd century BC, the broader region of Bengal was conquered by the emperor Ashoka. In the 4th century AD, it was absorbed into the Gupta Empire. From the 13th century onward, the region was ruled by several sultans, powerful Hindu states and Baro-Bhuyan landlords, until the beginning of British rule in the 18th century. The British East India Company cemented their hold on the region following the Battle of Plassey in 1757, and the city of Calcutta (now known as Kolkata) served for many years as the capital of British India. The early and prolonged exposure to British administration resulted in expansion of Western education, culminating in development in science, institutional education, and social reforms of the region, including what became known as the Bengal Renaissance. A hotbed of the Indian independence movement through the early 20th century, Bengal was divided in 1947 along religious lines into two separate entities: West Bengal – a state of India – and East Bengal, which initially joined the new nation of Pakistan, before becoming part of modern-day Bangladesh in 1971.

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Adivasi
Adivasi (Sanskrit: Nepali: Hindi: आदिवासी; ādivāsī) is an umbrella term for a heterogeneous set of ethnic and tribal groups claimed to be the aboriginal population of India. They comprise a substantial indigenous minority of the population of India. The word is used in the same sense in Nepal as is another word janajati (Nepali: जनजाति; janajāti), although the political context differed historically under the Shah and Rana dynasties.
Adivasi societies are particularly present in the Indian Tamil Nadu, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Mizoram, and other northeastern states, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Many smaller tribal groups are quite sensitive to ecological degradation caused by modernization. Both commercial forestry and intensive agriculture have proved destructive to the forests that had endured swidden agriculture for many centuries. Officially recognized by the Indian government as "Scheduled Tribes" in the Fifth Schedule of the Constitution of India, they are often grouped together with scheduled castes in the category "Scheduled Castes and Tribes", which is eligible for certain affirmative action measures.

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Adivasis of Orissa
Adivasis of Orissa refers to Adivasis found in the Indian state of Orissa.
About 62 distinct tribal groups of indigenous people once inhabited in Orissa. Officially known as "tribals" - but more accurately known as "Adivasis" - they constitute more than one-quarter of the state's population.
The Kondha have a population of about one million and are based in the south-west, around Koraput, and near Sambalpur. The Santals with a population over 500,000, live around Baripada and Khiching in the far north. The Saura, with a population over 300,000, live near Bolangir in the west. The Bonda,are known as 'the Naked People',and have a population of about 5,000 and live in the hills near Koraput.
The Kisans are the main residents of Sundergarh, Sambalpur and Keunjhar. They speak the Kisan dialect along with Oriya, Hindi and English. They are farmers and food gatherers and they are famous for their Dance and Music. Kutra Village in Sundergarh District is a major Tribal Village and the main residents of this village are the Toppo's.

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Asur people
Asur people are a tribal/Adivasi people living primarily in the Indian state of Jharkhand, mostly in the Gumla, Lohardaga, Palamu and Latehar districts.
According to one source the total population of the tribal group of Asur is 7,783but they are not mentioned as a significant group in the census highlights for scheduled tribes in Jharkhand Similarly, they are an insignificant group in West Bengalbut Asurs were amongst the Proto-Australoid groups inhabiting the western regions of West Bengal in pre-historic times.
Asurs have traditionally been iron-smelters. The modern Asur tribe is divided into three sub-tribal divisions, namely Bir (Kol) Asur, Birjia Asur and Agaria Asur. The Birjia are recognized as a separate schedule tribe.
The Asur religion is a mixture of animism, animatism, naturalism and ancestral worships. They also believe in black magic like bhut-pret (spirits) and witchcraft. Their chief deity is Singbonga. Amongst the other deities are Dharati Mata, Duari, Patdaraha and Turi Husid. They celebrate festivals like Sarhul, Karma, Dhanbuni, Kadelta, Rajj karma, Dasahara Karam.

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Bhil
Bhils (Hindi: भील, Urdu: بهیل: Bhīl) are primarily an Adivasi people of Central India. Bhils are also settled in the Tharparkar District of Sindh, Pakistan. They speak the Bhil languages, a subgroup of the Western Zone of the Indo-Aryan languages.
Bhils are listed as Adivasi residents of the states of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra,and Rajasthan in western and central India as well as in Tripura in far-eastern India on the border with Bangladesh. Bhils are divided into a number of endogamous territorial divisions, which in turn have a number of clans and lineages. Most Bhils now speak the language of the region they reside in, such as Marathi and Gujarati.
The Ghoomar dance is one well-known aspect of Bhil culture.
Historically, the Bhil were tribals, residing in deep forests and experts in hunting: a fearsome tribe.
In feudal and colonial times, many Bhils were employed by the ruling Rajputs in various capacities, e.g. as Shikaris because of their knowledge of the terrain. Many had even become warriors in armies. They were in the Mewar army of Maharana Pratap Singh and like Chhatrapati Shivaji, were experts in guerilla warfare which the Mughal Empire had so much trouble handling. Today, there is a Mewar Bhil Corps.'

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Bhuiya
The Bhuiya are a Hindu tribal found in North India, and those in Uttar Pradesh have scheduled caste status . They are also known as Roy.
The Bhuiya are one of the most widespread tribal grouping in North India, their territory extending from southern Uttar Pradesh to West Bengal. There exact connection with the neighbouring Biaga tribe is uncertain, but according to some traditions, both communities have a common origin. They are said to be one of the many Dravidian tribal groupings found in the Vindhya region, that was pushed further into inaccessible territory by invading Indo-Aryans. In Uttar Pradesh, the Bhuiya are divided into two endogamous sub-groups, the Roy and Raghuvanshi. These two groups are further divided into exogamous clans such as the Tirvah, Maghsiya, Dandwar, Maharwar and Mahathek.
As of 2010^[update], the Bhuiya are mainly settled agriculturists, but historically they were hunter gatherers. Many still collect roots and tubers from the forest. The Bhuiya are now Hindu, but still have many folk beliefs. Their tribal deity is Dihwar.

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Bhumij
Bhumij are a tribal/Adivasi people living primarily in the Indian states of West Bengal, Orissa and Jharkhand, mostly in the old Singhbhum district. They speak the Mundari language of the Austroasiatic language family or sometimes the predominant local language such as Bengali.
In the 2001 census, they numbered 336,436 in West Bengal, accounting for 7.6 per cent of the scheduled caste population of the state. In Orissa, Bhumijes had a population ranging from 248,144 to 321,592 and were among the twelve most populous tribes. In Jharkhand Bhumijes were one the eight most populous tribes, their population ranging between 164,022 and 192,024.
Bhumij means one who is born from the soil. They form one of the Hinduised Adivasi groups in Jharkhand. Bhumij Kols have adopted the surname 'Singh.'
In the western districts of West Bengal, there are prominent groups of Bhumijes, although numerically they are considerably behind the Santals and Bauris. They live in the territory between the Kasai and Subarnarekha rivers. In olden days they probably had settlements north of the Kasai, possibly right up to Panchakot, but were pushed back by the Aryans, represented by the Kurmis. Their present area of settlement is spread across Dhalbhum, Barabhum, Patkum and Baghmundi. While those living nearer to Chota Nagpur Plateau still retain linguistic links with Mundari, those living deeper east have adopted Bengali as their language. In the Dhalbhum region they are completely Hinduized. During British rule, or sometimes even earlier, many of the Bhumijes became zamindars and some even secured the title of Raja. Others were called Sardars. However, all of them, having climbed the social ladder, proclaimed themselves to be Kshatriyas, in keeping with the trends in the region, ignorant of their rich contribution to the traditions and culure of the region.

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Birhor people
Birhor people are a tribal/Adivasi forest people, traditionally nomadic, living primarily in the Indian state of Jharkhand. They speak the Birhor language, which belongs to the Munda group of languages of the Austroasiatic language family.
Birhor means jungle people - bir means jungle, hos mean men.
The Birhors are of short stature, long head, wavy hair and broad nose. They belong to the Proto-Australoid racial stock. They claim they have descended from the Sun and believe that the Kharwars, who also trace their descent from the Sun, are their brothers. Ethnologically, they are akin to the Santals, Mundas, and Hos.
Birhors are found mainly in the area covered by the old Hazaribagh, Ranchi and Singhbhum districts before these were broken down into numerous smaller units, in Jharkhand. Some of them are also found in Orissa, Chhattisgarh and West Bengal. They are one of the smaller of the thirty scheduled tribes inhabiting Jharkhand.
Birhors number around 10,000. According to some sources, their numbers could be lesser than this.

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Bodo people
The Bodos (pronounced BO-ros) are an ethnic and linguistic community, early settlers of Assam in the North-East part of India. According to the 1991 census, there were 1.2 million Bodos in Assam which makes for 5.3% of the total population in the state. Bodos belong to a larger ethnic group called the Bodo-Kachari. The Bodos are recognized as a plains tribe in the Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution. Udalguri and Kokrajhar are considered the center of the Bodo area.
The Bodos represent one of the largest of the 18 ethnic sub-groups within the Kachari group, first classified in the 19th century. Bodos have settled in most areas of North-East India, and parts of Nepal.The BODO People constitute a diverse range of the Indigenous people of North-east India .The overarching term "BODO"(not Boro Kachari) is a collective designation to include the peoples of the region who share some degree of cultural and linguistic heritage; however, the term embraces many distinct populations, societies, and ethnic groups like boro, Dimasa kachari, sonowal kachari, Mech kachari, Rabha kachari, Thengal kachari,Tiwa(lalaung), Sarania, Moran-Motok, Twipras(Tiprasa/Devburman, Reangs(bru), jamatia, Noatia, Uchai, mogh. who each have their own particular traditions, language, cultures, and historical identity.The BODO word is nothing but merely a male Clan of Royal Dimasa Kachri Race. The first Raja of Dimasa Kachari kingdom was belongs to BODO Clan.so Bodo never be a tribe. There is no history in the world that A clan of a tribe can become a community. If it is so then is a distortion of the History Among the 18 groups mentioned by Endle, the Mech in Western Assam, the Bodo in central Assam, the Sonowal and Thengal in the eastern part of the Brahmaputra river are closely related. The others have been either Hinduized (e.g. Koch, Sarania), or have developed separate identities (e.g. Garo).

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Boksa (tribe)
Bhoksa or sometimes pronounced Buksa are indigenous people living mainly in the Indian states of Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh. They are mostly concentrated in the Dehradun and Nainital in the Kumaon foothills of the outer Himalayas. They are also found in Bijnor District of Uttar Pradesh, where they are known as Mehra, and have been granted scheduled tribe status.
There are various traditions as to why the community acquired the name Bhoksa. According to some experts, the name is a corruptionof the word buqra, which is root found in the Terai, and was the staple diet of the Bhoksa. Other traditions state that they acquired the name on account of the fact that their appearance was unkempt, and their neighbours gave the name boksa, which means a mountain goat in the local Pahari language. In Dehradun District and Bijnor District, they are known as Mehra, which is said to be a corruption of the Hindi word mehram, which means a knowledgeable person. They are said to have acquired this name on the account of the fact that they were the only community that was employed as guides by travelers in the Terai. According to the community's own traditions, they are Rajputs from the Deccan that fled to the hills to escape the Muslim conquerors of India. This is said to be reflected in their sub-division, the Rajvanshi, Suryavanshi, Chandravanshi and Dujvanshi, all well known Rajput sub-groups. The Bhoksa are found along the slopes of the lower Himalayas, in a forested region known as the Terai. In Uttar Pradesh, they are found in Pilibhit and Bijnor districts, while in Uttarakhand, they are found in Udham Singh Nagar and Dehradun districts.

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Bonda people
The Bonda (also known as the Bondo, Bondo Poraja, Bhonda, or Remo) are an ancient tribe of people numbering approximately 12,000 (2011 census) who live in the isolated hill regions of the Malkangiri district of southwesternmost Orissa, India, near the junction of the three states of Orissa, Chhattisgarh, and Andhra Pradesh.
The Bonda are a scheduled tribe of India and are also known as the Remo (meaning "people" in the Bonda language). The tribe is one of the oldest and most primitive in mainland India; their culture has changed little for more than a thousand years. Their isolation and known aggressiveness continue to preserve their culture despite the pressures of an expanding Indian population.
In contrast with many other populations in India, the number of women among the Bonda greatly exceeds the number of men.
Their language belongs to the Munda subgroup of the Austro-Asiatic language family.
The Bonda are generally semi-clothed, with the women characterized by the wearing of thick silver neck bands.

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Chenchu
The Chenchus are an aboriginal tribe of the central hill regions of Andhra Pradesh, India. Their traditional way of life has been based on hunting and gathering. The Chenchus speak the Chenchu language, a member of the Telegu branch of the Dravidian language family. In general, the Chenchu relationship to non-tribal people has been largely symbiotic. Some Chenchus have continued to specialize in collecting forest products for sale to non-tribal people. Sizable number of Chenchus live in the dense Nallamalai forest of Andhra Pradesh.
Although the government provide funds for their development,schooling etc.,it hardly percolates down to the real beneficiary.
The Chenchus are referred to as one of the Primitive Tribal Groups that are still dependent on forests and do not cultivate land but hunt for a living. Caste Hindus living among them, rent land from the Chenchus and pay a portion of the harvest. Dalits also settled among them with the help of the Chenchus and learned agriculture from them, and the nomadic Banjara herders who graze their cattle in the forest also have been allotted land there. The Chenchus have responded unenthusiastically to government efforts to induce them to take up farming themselves.

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Chero
The Chero are scheduled caste, found in the states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, in North India.
The community claim to have originally been Chandravanshi Rajputs. Other members of the tribe claim to be Nagvanshi. The Chero are essentially one of many tribal communities, such as the Bhar and Kol, that inhabit the southeastern corner of Uttar Pradesh. They were the traditional rulers of north Bihar, until they were disposed by the Rajputs. They are now found in a territory extending from Allahabad in the west, and Muzaffarpur in the east. The Chero have two sub-divisions, the Mahto and Chaudhary.
In Bihar, the Chero are known as Charwa or Cheru. In Palamau, they are known as the Barahazari. The community are found mainly in Jharkhand, especially in Ranchi and Monghyr. Those of Palamau were substantial landowners, and were effective rulers of this region. These Cheros claim descent from the sage Chyavana, and speak the Sadri dialect.
The Chero are an agriculture community, with animal husbandry also being an important component. They are also involved in the collection of the local mahua flower, which is sold in the local market. The Chero are also involved in wage labour, and like other scheduled castes, are an economically marginal.

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Gondi people
The Gondi (Gōndi) or Gond people are people in central India, spread over the states of Madhya Pradesh, eastern Maharashtra (Vidarbha), Chhattisgarh, northern Andhra Pradesh, and Western Orissa. With over four million people, they are the largest tribe in Central India.
Gond or Rajgond are same tribes. The term Raj Gond ,was widly used in 1940's but has now become almost obsolete, probably because of the political eclipse of the Gond Rajas.
The Gondi language is related to Telugu and other Dravidian languages. About half of Gonds speak Gondi languages, while the rest speak Indo-Aryan languages including Hindi.
For many years during the British colonial period of India the Gonds were considered to have performed human sacrifices, although this notion was later discredited.

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Hmar
Hmar is the name of one of the numerous mizo/kuki/chin tribes of India, spread over a large area in the northeast. The Hmars belong to the Chin-Kuki-Mizo group of tribes, and are recognised as Scheduled Tribe under the 6th Schedule of the Constitution of India. Literally, Hmar means North or Northern people, as they are living north to the Lusei people. But this is hotly debated among the community itself. Some scholars are of the opinion that the word originated from the style of tying the hair knot on the head.
Hmars live mostly in the hills of south Manipur, Mizoram, Cachar, North Cachar, Meghalaya, Tripura and Chittagong Hill Tracts. Although these areas are within different administrative divisions, they are geographically connected. In Manipur, the Hmars reside in the south, especially in the Churachandpur District and its adjoining areas. These areas, except Tuithaphai (the Khuga Valley/Churachandpur), are hilly. Tuiruong (Barak), Tuivai and Tuithapui (Khuga) are some of the important rivers flowing through this area. In Mizoram, the Hmars live mostly in the north, especially in the Aizawl District. In Assam, the Hmars live in the Cachar and North Cachar District. In Meghalaya, the Hmars live in the Jaintia Hills District and Shillong in Khasi Hills District. In Tripura, the Hmars mostly live in and around Darchawi, a village on the Mizoram – Tripura border.

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Ho people
The Ho people are a tribe of people belonging to the Indian state of Jharkhand.
They are the fourth most numerous scheduled tribe in Jharkhand after Santals, Oraons, and Mundas, and constitute around 10.5 percent of the total population in the state, numbering 7,087,068 (total in the state) in the 2001 census. Although not mentioned in the census highlights Orissa or West Bengal small groups could be present, as the territory they inhabit in Jharkhand borders these two states. According to an American publication, total number of people speaking the Ho language was 1,077,000 in 1997. There were 200,000 people speaking the language in Orissa.
Starting from the period between the 9th and 12th centuries, copper was smelted in many parts of old Singhbhum district. It is believed that many immigrants entered Singhbhum from Manbhum in the 14th century or earlier. When the Hos entered old Singhbhum, they overcame the Bhuiyas, who were then inhabitants of the forest country. In the latter half of the eighteenth century, the Hos fought several wars against the Rajas of Chota Nagpur and Mayurbhanj to retain their independence. As far as is known, the Muslims left them alone. Although the area was formally claimed to be a part of the Mughal Empire, neither the Mughals nor the Marathas, who were active in the surrounding areas during the decline of the Mughals, ventured into the area.

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Indigenous peoples
Indigenous peoples are ethnic groups that are defined as "indigenous" according to one of the various definitions of the term, though there is no universally accepted definition.
In the late twentieth century, the term began to be used primarily to refer to ethnic groups that have historical ties to groups that existed in a territory prior to colonization or formation of a nation state, and which normally preserve a degree of cultural and political separation from the mainstream culture and political system of the nation state within the border of which the indigenous group is located. The political sense of the term defines these groups as particularly vulnerable to exploitation and oppression by nation states. As a result, a special set of political rights in accordance with international law have been set forth by international organizations such as the United Nations, the International Labour Organization and the World Bank. The United Nations have issued a Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples to protect the collective rights of indigenous peoples to their culture, identity, language, employment, health, education and natural resources. Depending on which precise definition of "indigenous people" used, and on the census, estimates of a world total population of Indigenous people range from 220 million Indigenous peoples in 1997 to 350 million in 2004.

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Jaipal Singh
Jaipal Singh Munda (January 3, 1903 – March 20, 1970) was a Munda tribal man, who captained the Indian field hockey team to clinch gold in the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam. He is well known for his sportsmanship and political skills.
Later he emerged as a sole leader of Adivasi cause and creation of a separate home land for adivasis of central India. As a member of the Constituent Assembly of India he actively campaigned for the rights of the scheduled tribes.
His dream came true on November 15, 2000, when Jharkhand was carved out of Bihar.

He formed Adivasi Mahasabha in 1938, himself as its president. After independence the name of the party was changed to Jharkhand Party to accommodate non-tribal people to achieve long term goals. He is popularly known as "Marang Gomke" (meaning Great Leader) by the tribals of Chotanagpur. He was a gifted speaker and represented all the tribals of India at the Constituent Assembly of India (which was responsible for drafting the constitution of Independent India). The following is an excerpt from a famous speech made by him, where, while welcoming the Objectives Resolution, he highlighted the issues facing the Indian tribals.

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Karia Munda
Kariya Munda (born 20 April 1936) is an Indian politician and the current Deputy Speaker of the 15th Lok Sabha. He is a former minister in the Government of India. He was a cabinet minister in the ministry headed by Atal Bihari Vajpayee. He is a senior leader of Bharatiya Janata Party.
Munda was born in the Ranchi District of Jharkhand state in India. He passed his M.A. examination from Ranchi University.
Munda was elected to the 6th Lok Sabha in 1977 from Khunti constituency in Bihar state (presently, in Jharkhand state). He was re-elected to the Lok Sabha in 1989, 1991, 1996, 1998, 1999 and 2009 from the same constituency of Khunti.
Kariya Munda was elected as the Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha on 8 June 2009.

wn.com/Karia_Munda
Khonds
Khonds, or Kandhs (Oriya: କନ୍ଧ) are an aboriginal tribe of India, inhabiting the tributary states of Orissa and Srikakulam, in the Visakhapatnam districts of Andhra Pradesh. Their main divisions are into Kutia, or hill Khonds and plain-dwelling Khonds; the landowners are known as Raj Khonds. They are hunter gatherers. They go out for collective hunts eating the fruits and roots they collect. They usually cook food with oil extracted from sal and mahua seeds. They also use medicinal plants. These practices make them mainly dependent on forest resources for survival. Their religion is animistic, and their pantheon includes eighty-three gods. The Kandhamal district in Orissa (erstwhile a part of Angul district), has a 55% Kandha population, and was named after the tribe. The Khond language, Kui, is more closely related to Telugu than is Gondi.

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Kisan tribe
Kisan Tribe in Orissa are found in Sundergarh, Mayurbhanj, Sambalpur and Keonjhar. They are traditional farmers and food gathering people. They speak the Kurukh language along with Kosli, Hindi and English.
The settlement of the Kisan is mainly on pat and forest portion of the region in which they are found. As they are settled tribes, their houses are made up of comparatively durable materials. Their houses stand on high plinth. Each house has a workshop, a store room, a kitchen, a sleeping room and a veranda. They have separate cattle shed and a pigsty. The Kishan villages can be approached on foot. Each family has own cattle wealth, agricultural weapons, war weapons, household utensils and agricultural land.

The Kisan erect houses with the help of mud, wood, bamboo, leaves, straw, rope and hand made fire baked tiles. The houses are single storey. Veranda is erected with wood poles, bamboos and tiles or leaves and straw. The household utensils consist of earthen pots, aluminium pots, bronze thali, lota, tumbler, iron knife, karahi, chholani, kalchhul. They have varieties of baskets of different sizes for storing and carrying forest produce, grains, loads etc. They prepare these baskets, brooms, mats and winnowing tray with the help of bamboo, local grasses and date leaves. They purchase household utensils from the local Haat. They have few cots, machia and sikia which they prepare from the ropes. They weave rope from the local grasses. They also prepare rope for selling and getting money.

wn.com/Kisan_tribe
Kol people
The Kol people is a generic name for the Munda, Ho, and Oraon tribes (Adivasi) of eastern India who live in the states of Jharkhand, Orissa, and West Bengal, and spread over into parts of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Assam, Tripura, Bangladesh, and Nepal.
The Kol tribals in Uttar Pradesh are found mainly in the southern districts of Mirzapur, Varanasi, Banda and Allahabad. It is the largest tribe found in Uttar Pradesh, and numbered 135,617 according to the 1981 Census of India. They are said to have emigrated from central India some five centuries ago. The Kol are further divided into a number of exogamous clans, such as the Rojaboria, Rautia, Thakuria, Monasi, Bhil, Chero and Barawire. They are now Hindu and speak the Bundelkhandi dialect. Most Kol are landless, and the forest is their main source of income. They collect firewood and leaves from the forest and sell these at the local markets. The Kol have been granted Scheduled Caste status.
The kols inhabited large portion of the chota nagpur region. They rebelled to resist British entry into their dominion.Soon they joined the Munda rebellion.

wn.com/Kol_people
Korwa people
Korba people are one of the scheduled tribes of India. They live in hills and forest of Chhotanagpur; the bordering area of Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand. They are socially and economically poor (it is estimated that 60% of Korwa people are below the poverty line) and outsiders often look down on them because of this. A small number of Korwa are also found in the Mirzapur District of Uttar Pradesh. The Indian Government has implemented several facilities for them, such as roads to their settlements, boys hostels for education, providing agricultural aid, etc.
The Korwa tribals in Uttar Pradesh are found mainly in the southern districts of Mirzapur and Sonbhadra. Their habitat is a hilly, forested and undulating area. The community has four sub-groups- the Agaria Korwa, Dam Korwa, Dih Korwa and Pahar Korwa. They are further divided into seven exogamous clans, nsmely the Guleria, Haril, Huhar, Leth, Munda, Mura and Pahari. Most Korwa are still hunter gatherers, and are one of the most isolated of the Uttar Pradesh tribes. A small number have taken to settled agriculture, and are being assimilated into Hindu society. However, they have their own tribal deity known as Dih. Each of their settlement contains a shrine to the goddess called a Diwar.

wn.com/Korwa_people
Lepcha people
The Lepcha or Róng people (Lepcha: Róng ɂágít; "Róng tribe"), also called Róngkup (Lepcha: ; "children of the Róng"), Mútuncí Róngkup Rumkup (Lepcha: ; "beloved children of the Róng and of God"), and Rongpa (Sikkimese: རོང་པ་), are the aboriginal people of Sikkim, who number between 30,000 and 50,000. Many Lepcha are also found in western and southwestern Bhutan, Tibet, Darjeeling, the Ilam District of eastern Nepal, and in the hills of West Bengal. Lepcha groups in India are more populous than those elsewhere. The Lepcha people are composed of four main distinct communities: the Renjóngmú of Sikkim; the Támsángmú of Kalimpong, Kurseong, and Mirik; the ʔilámmú of Ilam District, Nepal; and the Promú of Samtse and Chukha in southwestern Bhutan.

wn.com/Lepcha_people
Lodha people
Lodha people are a tribal/Adivasi people living primarily in the Indian states of West Bengal and Orissa, mostly in the Paschim Medinipur district. A section of the Lodha has converted to Islam, and form a distinct community of Lodha Muslims.
As per 2001 census, Lodhas numbered 84,966 and formed 1.9 per cent of the scheduled tribe population of West Bengal. They had a literacy rate of 34.8 per cent.
They are found in Suliapada and Morada blocks of Baripada sub-division of Mayurbhanj district of Orissa.
Lodha means piece of flesh named after their ancestor. Lodhas have been in the focus of anthropologists and social activists. During the early period of their rule, the British government in India oppressed the tribal people of Jungle Mahals, who were traditionally dependent upon the forests for a living. They had revolted but were ruthlessly suppressed. Having been deprived of their livelihood and without any alternatives, they took to criminal ways of life and were subsequently branded a criminal tribe. They should properly be labelled as uprooted rebels. Lodha titles are Nayek, Mallick, Digar, Sardar, Bhokta, Kotal, Dandapat, Bhunya etc. These titles reflect social responsibility.They are descendants of Jarasandh from Mahabharata. The Lodhas hold that they are Sabars.

wn.com/Lodha_people
Lusei
The Lusei (Old Mizo: Lushai) people are one of the eleven tribes of the Mizo people, native to Mizoram in Northeast India, Chin Hills in western Myanmar and Chittagong Hill Tracts of eastern Bangladesh.
There have been many speculations as to what the name means. It was first interpreted 'long-headed', as they believe that it is actually 'lu-sei' and not 'Lusei' ('sei' means long), as the Lusei people tie their hair in knots at the back of their heads.
The Lusei people are usually described as "short, sturdy and heavy people of Mongolian type." The average height of men was usually between 162 cm and 170 cm. The average women's height ranged from 140 cm to 160 cm. Their skin complexion varied between dark brown to light yellow.
The Lusei, being one of the major tribes of the Mizo people, influenced neighbouring, smaller tribes, such as the Lai/Pawih, the Ralte, the Hmar, the Paite and the Rangte/Gangte.
Presently all the ethnic Lusei people are Christian. The major Christian denominations are Presbyterian, Baptist Church of Mizoram, Salvation Army, Seventh-day Adventist, Roman Catholic and Pentecostal.

wn.com/Lusei
Mahli (tribe)
Mahli is the name of a tribe of India. It is a scheduled tribe of the state of West Bengal and Jharkhand (earlier these areas were part of Bihar). They mostly reside in Santhal Parganas and certain other regions of Jharkhand, and in the adjoining areas of West Bengal. Their population is dwindling. Mahli people traditionally earned their livelihood by selling articles made of bamboo. Some typical articles made by them are: Machi (a small bench), umbrellas, soop (used in kitchen, to remove dust from cereals), sop and chatai (for lying down and sleeping), raincap (special cap covering head, and upper back for protection from rains during work).
Mahli people typically have a tattoo of their name on their hand.

wn.com/Mahli_(tribe)
Mara people
The Mara people are a recognised scheduled tribe in India, native to northeastern India, primarily in the Mara Autonomous District Council of the state of Mizoram, where they form the majority of the population. Significant numbers of Maras are also found living south-eastern part of Burma, in Chin State and Rakhine State which border the district. They were earlier known as the Lakher by outsiders as Lusei called them by that name, and the new name Mara was inserted in List of Scheduled Tribes in Mizoram state in 1978 replacing the old name. The Maras were in early period known to the outside world under different tribal names such as Mara, Lakher, Shendu, Baungshelor Shendoo, Maring, Zyu or Zao/Zho, Tlosai, Khongzai, etc. They constitute a distinct tribal group lying in Saiha district of Mizoram. Some writers and historian included them as one of the Mizo tribes/clans. They called themselves "Maras"
The Mara clan is divided into 17 sub-clans, they are-
These are all the list of Mara sub-clans, NOT ONLY India's Mara.

wn.com/Mara_people
Munda people
The Munda are tribal (Adivasi) people of the Chota Nagpur Plateau region.
They are found across Jharkhand, Bihar, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, Orissa and Assam states of India, and into parts of Bangladesh. Their language is Mundari, which belongs to the Munda subgroup of the Austro-Asiatic language family.
There are estimated to be two million Munda people.
While they are Austro-Asiatic speakers, the Munda people are generally thought to be indigenous peoples of the Indian subcontinent. However, a study conducted by a team of biologists seem to suggest a genetic drift from an ancestral population having a genetic profile similar to present-day Austroasiatic populations from Southeast Asia, suggesting a possible origin in Southeast Asia.
The term Munda given to this community designates the name of the leader of the tribal community. The munda call themselves "Hodoko" which means "Human Beings".
Though nothing much exists in contemporary history, oral stories, myths, ballads and songs provide some minimal information here and there. The Munda People have been living in the same region/place for quite a long time, considering it their home from birth to death. However, many of their folk ballads and songs or festivals display traits alien to chotanagpur region.

wn.com/Munda_people
Naga people
The term Naga people (Burmese: နာဂ, Hindi: नागा) refers to a conglomeration of several tribes inhabiting the North Eastern part of India and north-western Burma. The tribes have similar cultures and traditions, and form the majority ethnic group in the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, and Nagaland. Some of the prominent Naga tribes are Angami, Ao, Chakhesang, Chang, Khiamniungan, Konyak, Lotha, Pochury, Phom, Poumai, Rengma, Sangtam, Sema (Sumi), Mao (Memai), Yimchunger, Zeliang.
There are 16 officially recognized tribes in the Nagaland state of India. The other Naga tribes can be found in the contiguous adjoining states of Manipur, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and across the border in Burma. Some of these tribes are: Zeme, Liangmai, Mao (Memai), Nocte, Phom, Pochuri, Poumai Naga, Rongmei, Tangsa, Tutsa, and Wancho
The Naga tribes practised headhunting and preserved the heads of enemies as trophies before the 19th century.

wn.com/Naga_people
Oraon
The Oraon tribes उरांव or Kurukh कुड़ुख tribe (Kurukh: Oṛāōⁿ and Kuṛuḵẖ), also spelled Uraon, Oran, or Oram, are tribal aborigines inhabiting various states across central and eastern India as well as Bangladesh. Traditionally, Oraons depended on the forest and farms for their ritual and economic livelihood, but in recent times, a few of them have become mainly settled agriculturalists. Small numbers of Oraons have immigrated to the northeastern part of India, where they are mainly employed in tea estates.
According to the Indian Anthropological Society, Konkan is said to be original home of these Kurukh,Munda tirbes,from where they migrated to Northern India.Kurukh substratum is very prominent in the language of the Konkan or the Konkani language.
The Kurukh or Oraons are the tribals of Chota Nagpur Plateau. Oraon appears to have been assigned to them as a nickname by their masters, possibly with reference to their many migrations and proneness to roam, however they like to be called as Kurukhar.

wn.com/Oraon
Rabha
Rabha (Assamese: ৰাভা) (Bengali: রাভা) (also Rava) is a little known Scheduled Tribe community of West Bengal and Assam. The language/dialect spoken by the Rabha people is also of the same name. In West Bengal, Rabha people mainly live in Jalpaiguri district and Cooch Behar district. Moreover, almost, 70 per cent of them live in Jalpaiguri district. In Assam, the Rabhas live mostly in Goalpara and Kamrup districts. The whole area of Eastern and Western Dooars, may be termed as the cradle land of the Rabhas.
The Rabhas belong to the Indo-Mongoloid group of people and have similarities with other members of Bodo group such as Garos, Kachari, Mech, Koch, Hajong and others. Most of the Rabhas of Dooars refer to themselves as Rabha, but some of them often declare themselves as Kocha. According to Dr. Francis Buchanan-Hamilton, the aspects of socio-religious and material life of the Rabhas have similarities with those of the Pani-Koch. E. Dalton on the other hand, argues that the Rabhas and the Hajongs are the branches of Kachari race and connected with the Garo. According to B.H. Hodgson the Rabhas belong to the Great Bodo or Mech ft Pani-Koch and the Rabhas have the same lineage and the latter has their connection with the Garo. A. Playfair (1909) also has pointed out some linguistic and cultural similarities between the Rabhas and the Garos. He also remarks that there exists a striking linguistic affinity between the A'Tong language and the Rangdania (Rabha) dialects. This led him to think that, at some point of time they lived in contact with each other.

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Reang
Reang or Riangare one of the 21 scheduled tribes of the Indian state of Tripura. The correct nomenclature for this ethnic group is actually Bru although the name reang was accidentally incorporated by the Indian government during a census count. The Bru can be found mainly in the North Tripura, Dalai and the South Tripura districts of Tripura state in India. However, they may also be found in Mizoram, Assam, Manipur and Bangladesh. They speak the Reang dialect which is of Tibeto-Burmese origin and is locally referred to as Kau Bru. Like many of the tribes in the north east of India, the appearance of the Bru is mongoloid.
The Bru are the second most populous tribe of Tripura after the Tripuris. According to the legend, a Tripuri prince who was once exiled by the King made his way, along with his followers, to the Mayani Thalang area of Lushai hills and founded a state over there. He proclaimed himself King and his descendants too ruled over the break-away state for generations. As it sometimes happens, there came a time when there was no heir to succeed to the throne, leading to anarchy in the kingdom. At around the same time, bitter feud and internal vendetta saw four chiefs of the following sub tribes Twikluha, Yongsika, Paisika, Tuibruha leave their hearth and home along with their entourages to migrate back to the state of Tripura. It was a long and difficult journey, fraught with danger and the travellers had to make more than a couple of attempts before they successfully made their way up the Dombur hill.

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Sabar people
The Sabar people (also Shabar and Saora) are one of the scheduled tribes in India who live mainly in Jharkhand, Orissa and West Bengal. During the British Raj they were classed as one of the 'criminal tribe' under Criminal Tribes Act 1871, and still suffer from social stigma and ostracism in modern times..
Also known as Saora, the Sabar tribe, finds mention in the Hindu epic Mahabharata , while in some parts of East Singhbhum district mainly in Musabani, they are known as in Kariya . Noted writer and activist Mahasweta Devi is known for working with these forest tribals .
This reclusive tribe, is are found primarily in East Singhbhum district in Jharkhand and in Midnapore District of West Bengal.
The traditionally forest-dwelling tribe are not used to agriculture, and rely on the forests for their livelihood. In recent years, with the spread of the Naxalite rebellion in the area, the police often restrict their access to the forest. In 2004, five persons in the Sabar village of Amlasole, in Midnapore district, died after several months of starvation, leading to a national media furore. Subsequently, Durbar Mahila Samanway Committee (DMSC) started a school in the area, funded partially by sex workers from Kolkata.

wn.com/Sabar_people
Sora people
The Sora (alternative names and spellings include Saora, Saura, Savara and Sabara) are a tribe from Southern Orissa,North Coastal Andhra Pradesh India. They are also found in the hills of Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra.
The Souras are second most prominent tribal community in the Rayagada district of Orissa and specific pockets of Koraput and Gajapati Districts. They are in Srikakulam, Vizianagaram and Visakhapatnam districts also. They are also sometimes called Lanjia Souras due to their dress pattern wear a loin cloth hanging from behind & which could be mistakenly identified as a tail by a stranger. They inhabit blocks of Gunupur, Padmapur and Gudari. Their highest concentration is found in the Puttasingi area, approximately 25 km away from Gunupur NAC. Although, they are close to the assimilation process, yet some interior GPs like Rejingtal, Sagada and Puttasingi have Souras who still retain their traditional tribal customs and traditions.
They are known by various names such as "Savara", "Sabara", "Sora" and "Soura". They are concentrated in parts of Gunupur adjoining to the blocks of Gumma, Serango of Gajapati district. The Saoras speak a Munda language. However, written language in saora is not followed by all. They practice shifting cultivation, with a few gradually taking up settled agriculture. Like Dangaria Kandha they belong to Proto-Australoid racial stock.

wn.com/Sora_people
Tribes of Jharkhand
The tribes of Jharkhand consist of 32 tribes inhabiting the Jharkhand state in India. The tribes in Jharkhand were originally classified on the basis of their cultural types by the world-renowned Indian anthropologist late professor L. P. Vidyarthi. His classification was as follows:
Jharkhand has a population of around 26.90 million; the sex ratio is 941 females to 1000 males. The tribal population is around 28% of the Jharkhand state, which has been a home to a variety of tribal communities. Jharkhand has 32 tribal groups:
Sarhul is celebrated during spring season and the Saal trees get new flowers on their branches. It is a worship of the village deity who is considered to be the protector of the tribes. People sing and dance a lot when the new flowers appear. The deities are worshiped with saal flowers. The village priest or Pahan fasts for a couple of days. In the early morning he takes a bath and puts on new a dhoti made of virgin cotton (kachha dhaga). The previous evening, the Pahan takes three new earthen pots and fills them with fresh water; the next morning he observes these earthen pots and water level inside. If the water level decreases he predicts that there would be famine or less rain, and if the water level is normal, that is the signal of a good rain. Before pooja starts, the wife of the Pahan washes his feet and gets blessings from him. At the pooja, Pahan offers three young roosters of different colors to one for the almighty god — the Singbonga or Dharmesh, as the Mundas, Ho and Oraons respectively address Him; another for the village deities; and the third for the ancestors. During this pooja villagers surround the Sarna place.

wn.com/Tribes_of_Jharkhand
Tripuri people
Most popularly known as tripuri tribes The Tripuri (Tipra or Tipperah) people are the original inhabitants of the Kingdom of Tripura in North-East India and Bangladesh. The Tripuri people through the Royal family of the Debbarmas ruled the Kingdom of Tripura for more than 2000^{[citation needed]} years till the kingdom joined the Indian Union in 1949.
The Tripuris live on the slopes of hills in a group of five to fifty families. Their houses in these areas are built of bamboo or ua as it is called in Kokborok and raised five to six feet height to save themselves from the dangers of the wild animals. Nowadays a considerable section of this community are living in the plains and erecting houses like the plains people, adopting their methods of cultivation, and following them in other aspects of life, such as dress, manners, and cosmetics. Tripuri women wear a scarp, called rignai, which reaches down just below the knee. They weave in their loin-loom a small piece of cloth, which they call risa, and they use this small piece of cloth as their breast garment.

wn.com/Tripuri_people

Moments of sharing with Munda Tribal people Bangladesh.wmv

Special Moments of sharing with the Tibal Munda people of Bangladesh...

published: 02 Dec 2009

author: OdessaInternational

(oraon, munda , kadiya)karma dance 1

The Karma dance continues from dusk to dawn. Dance groups drawn from nearby villages dance...

published: 01 Dec 2011

author: vdawn22

(oraon, munda , kadiya)karma dance 3

The Karma dance continues from dusk to dawn. Dance groups drawn from nearby villages dance...

published: 01 Dec 2011

author: vdawn22

(oraon, munda , kadiya)welcome song before mass

The Karma dance continues from dusk to dawn. Dance groups drawn from nearby villages dance...

published: 01 Dec 2011

author: vdawn22

News_BD_2011_Satkhira_International_Day 2011_of_Indigenous_People

The International Day of the World's Indigenous People was to be observed on Aug. 9th in t...

published: 17 Aug 2011

author: mundaland

(oraon, munda , kadiya)welcome song to guest 1

The Karma dance continues from dusk to dawn. Dance groups drawn from nearby villages dance...

published: 01 Dec 2011

author: vdawn22

HO MUNDA SONG.HO MUNDA, Driver.DAT

Hunda video see...

published: 29 Aug 2010

author: umesh sahu

punjabi stage drama Mahi Munda Trailer

punjabi stage drama Mahi Munda Trailer...

published: 27 Nov 2009

author: pakistanistagedarama

Munda Mera Bor Mang Lau Kartar Ramla & Tejveer Raju [ Official Video ] 2012 - Anand Music

Join Facebook Page :- www.facebook.com Song :- Munda Mera Bor Mang Lau Singer:- Kartar Ram...

published: 29 Apr 2011

author: anandmusic9

indian punjabi - munda tu hai punjabi sohna

jispander nirula song i like too much bkz it is a part of pakistani punjabi song sanoon ne...

published: 13 Oct 2008

author: imran4ft

EK MUNDA MERI UMAR DA (KARAN ARJUN)

...

published: 21 Aug 2010

author: ahsanalimakki786

Eh Munda Nira Shanichare - Asa Singh Mastana

This is a punjabi folk singer and I know that a lot of people would enjoy this.......

published: 12 Apr 2009

author: S Singh

munda punjab da

...

published: 06 Feb 2009

author: japi710

Feeding Frenzy at Munda Wanga

There is a feeding frenzy going on at Munda Wanga. The animals are hungry for food, and th...

published: 17 Dec 2009

author: briczar22

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photo: AP / Fahd al-Bakoush

This still image included in a video obtained by the Associated Press from Fahd al-Bakoush, a freelance videographer and activist, which has been authenticated based on its contents and other AP reporting, shows the body of U.S. Ambassador Chris Stevens being moved by Libyan civilians trying to rescue him after gunmen and protesters rampaged through the U.S. consulate in Benghazi, Libya, Tuesday, Sept. 11, 2012. The group of Libyans had stumbled across Stevens' seemingly lifeless form inside a dark room and didn't know who he was, only that he was a foreigner, al-Bakoush and two other witnesses told the AP.

U.S. State Dept officials resign under pressure over Benghazi killings

Reuters

20 Dec 2012

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Three senior U.S. State Department officials were asked to resign after an official inquiry harshly criticized their offices for failing to provide adequate security at the U.S. mission in Benghazi, Libya, before it came under attack in September, a U.S. official said on Wednesday ... State Department officials declined to comment on the matter, saying it was a personnel issue ... Joint Chiefs of Staff ... facilities....(size: 5.4Kb)

photo: AP / Carolyn Kaster

FILE - In this June 26, 2012 file photo, President Barack Obama speaks in Atlanta. The presidential race enters the sultry summer _ a final lull before a sprint to Election Day _ with President Barack Obama and Republican Mitt Romney neck and neck and no sign that either can break away. Both sides have money concerns _ for all the flood of cash _ as well as political worries.

Obama promises gun control early next year

Sowetan Live

20 Dec 2012

Obama held a White House news conference on Wednesday to announce that Vice President Joe Biden will lead an interagency effort to craft new gun policies ... WAKE-UP CALL ... Nearly 200000 people signed an online petition demanding that Obama address gun violence ... We have to look at the weaponry used and we have to look at the people who use it and we have to do something about both,” Barber said at a news conference at the Capitol . ....(size: 6.1Kb)

photo: AP / Alfred de Montesquiou

In this May 12, 2010 photo, Malian troops and soldiers from other African countries train with the U.S. Special Forces in the Sahara Desert near the town of Gao in northeastern Mali.

U.N. OKs offensive to oust extremists in Mali

Pittsburgh Post-Gazette

21 Dec 2012

UNITED NATIONS -- The U.N. Security Council on Thursday authorized military action to wrest northern Mali from the control of al-Qaida-linked extremists, but it demanded progress first on political reconciliation, elections and training African troops and police ... Instead, it set out benchmarks to be met before the start of offensive operations, starting with progress on a political roadmap to restore constitutional order ... U.N ... On Nov ... ....(size: 3.1Kb)

photo: AP / Narciso Contreras

In this Monday, Dec. 17, 2012 photo, a man runs between debris after a mortar shell hit a street killing several people in the Bustan Al-Qasr district of Aleppo, Syria.

U.N. seeks $1.5 billion to address Syria crisis

The Star

19 Dec 2012

regional humanitarian coordinator for Syria, who launched the appeals in Geneva ... aid agencies aim to help 4 million people in need of urgent humanitarian assistance, including an estimated 2 million displaced from their homes by the fighting between President Bashar al-Assad's forces and rebels trying to topple him ... ....(size: 1.5Kb)

photo: AP / Ahn Young-joon

South Korea's president-elected Park Geun-hye speaks during a press conference at the headquarters of Saenuri Party in Seoul, South Korea, Thursday, Dec. 20, 2012.

South Korea's first woman leader vows new North Korea effort

The Wichita Eagle

20 Dec 2012

The daughter of late South Korean dictator Park Chung-hee, she placed more conditions on resuming negotiations than the liberal opposition candidate she defeated Wednesday, Moon Jae-in ... After Moon's concession speech Wednesday night, Park said she would dedicate herself to uniting her people and improving their livelihoods. "I really thank you. This election is the people's victory," Park told a crowd packing a Seoul plaza ... ....(size: 4.5Kb)

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Poverty fall Jharkhand numbers better than Bihar, Chhattisgarh; but chief minister Munda beset with own ...

The Telegraph India

14 Apr 2012

No wonder chief minister Arjun Munda was quick to criticise the commission's poverty data, saying the yardstick followed was faulty and that it would bring down the number of BPL families in the state at a time when demands were pouring in from all quarters to include more people in the classification. ... On the rise of urban poor, Munda, however, ......(size: 6.7Kb)

Fair deal for industry, common man - CM steers agenda towards inclusive growth at Enterprise ...

The Telegraph India

04 Feb 2012

... uplift the lot of people also," Munda said, signalling that while his government encouraged industry, it wanted a holistic scorecard.. Admitting the mistakes committing by past governments of erstwhile Bihar and Jharkhand, Munda said that the people of the region had not developed in proportion to the mineral resources extracted from there region.....(size: 5.1Kb)

Jharkhand bus mishap: Munda visits victims at hospital

Newstrack India

19 Sep 2011

Jharkhand Chief Minister Arjun Munda on Monday visited victims of a bus accident, which took place near Bundu, about 50 km from Ranchi ... Talking to reporters here, Munda said. "Many people got injured in this incident....(size: 1.2Kb)

Munda wins Jharkhand by-election

The Hindu

18 Feb 2011

Jharkhand Chief Minister Arjun Munda being garlanded after his crucial victory from Kharsawan on Thursday and (right) Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chauhan being welcomed by State BJP chief Prabhat Jha after the party candidates won two key by-polls in the State. ... Munda secured 61,701 votes while Mr ... Munda was trailing by 860 votes when the third round of counting was completed, but he picked up in the subsequent rounds....(size: 4.9Kb)

Holistic approach required to tackle Naxal menace: Munda

The Hindu

18 Oct 2010

Pitching for a holistic approach to tackle the Naxal menace in the country, Jharkhand Chief Minister Arjun Munda on Sunday admitted that the government failed to ... Munda said the people of Bihar are in favour of a government that can provide them with development and employment and the coalition has been successful in doing so in the last five years....(size: 2.6Kb)

Holistic approach required to tackle naxal menace: J’khand CM

Zeenews

17 Oct 2010

Munda said believed that the menace can be "tackled only through a holistic approach rather than bush beating." ... Asked about the prospects of BJP-JD(U) combine in Bihar assembly elections, Munda said the people of Bihar are in favour of a government, which can provide them development and employment and the coalition has been successful in doing so in the last five years....(size: 10.3Kb)

UNCERTAIN ANCESTRIES

The Telegraph India

12 Jul 2010

But the similarity does not extend to the people who speak them ... how did these un-Aryan people have their scriptures in an ancient Aryan language?. The answer in the 19th century was that Sanskrit was the language of Aryans who came to India from Iran, Afghanistan or central Asia, and that they intermarried with local Dravidian and Munda people until the present mixture emerged....(size: 8.4Kb)

Centre Robbing Citizens In Broad Daylight – Joshi

Newswing

01 Jul 2010

Ranchi ... The government was robbing the people of the country in broad daylight ... Picture . Mahadeo Sen (Ranchi) ... He blamed the Congress for its anti-people policies and alleged that every time the congress came to power the prices have escalated. He blamed the policies of the UPA government for the inflation ... Former CM and Lok sabha MP Arjun Munda said that the people have now learnt the importance of proper governance ... ....(size: 2.2Kb)

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An old Munda man in Dinajpur

The Munda are tribal (Adivasi) people of the Chota Nagpur Plateau region.

They are found across Jharkhand, Bihar, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, Orissa and Assam states of India, and into parts of Bangladesh. Their language is Mundari, which belongs to the Munda subgroup of the Austro-Asiatic language family.

There are estimated to be two million Munda people.

1 History
2 Culture
3 Religion and Identity
4 Notable Mundas
5 See also
6 Literature & Studies
7 Bibliography
8 References
9 Further reading
10 External links

History [link]

While they are Austro-Asiatic speakers, the Munda people are generally thought to be indigenous peoples of the Indian subcontinent.^[1] However, a study conducted by a team of biologists seem to suggest a genetic drift from an ancestral population having a genetic profile similar to present-day Austroasiatic populations from Southeast Asia, suggesting a possible origin in Southeast Asia.^[2]

The term Munda given to this community designates the name of the leader of the tribal community. The munda call themselves "Hodoko" which means "Human Beings".

Though nothing much exists in contemporary history, oral stories, myths, ballads and songs provide some minimal information here and there. The Munda People have been living in the same region/place for quite a long time, considering it their home from birth to death. However, many of their folk ballads and songs or festivals display traits alien to chotanagpur region.

Culture [link]

Social arrangement is very basic and simple. The Indian caste system is alien to the Mundas.

Buried ancestors are memorialized as 'Guardian" spirit of the khunt or genelaogical family symbolized by burial stone sasandiri (not to be confused with sasangdiri, which means turmeric (crushing) stone). These are placed flat on the ground, but do not mark "graves" as such. Rather, bones of the deceased, who are cremated or buried immediately after death, are placed under the sasandiri, where previous ancestors' bones are also present. They are usually put in an earthen pot and kept there from the time of the cremation or burial till the time of the jangtopa ceremony when the actual placing of bones in the sasandiri can take place. Once every year, all members of the family are required to visit burial stones to pay their respects. This practice is formally forbidden by the Church for Christianized Munda tribals, although in reality Christians infrequently are present during the rituals. There are other stones for ancestors as well, e.g., the memorial stones (bhodiri, headstones), which are placed in an erect position, usually closer to the homestead. The landscape of chotanagpur is dotted with clusters of these two types of stones, sasandiri (burial stones) and bhodiri (head-stones).
Since ancient times the Munda people spread through all surrounding areas, including the chotanagpur region. In early times group having same surname or killi (who sought their lineage from a single ancestor), settled in an area-specific fashion. Each killi is identified with a specific region, though now in general the people are free to settle where they wish, and have settled all over Jharkhand

Endogamous marriage is normal with the exception of marriage to members of the Santhal, Ho, Kharia and Oraon (Kurukh) communities. However, the current population is better educated and members sometimes abandon Munda tradition to marry a non tribal. Harsh punishments such as 'Jaat nikala'(Caste Banishment) may be pronounced by community chieftains in such cases. Marriage is forbidden between persons belonging to the same cast(munda). A marriage between a bride and bridegroom of the same gotr is considered incest, and such a relation is socially undesirable.Gotr means Blood relation,same surname,same village gotr relation is like relation of brother and sister.

The Santhal, Ho and Kharia communities are considered blood-brother tribals, marriage with them is common. However, marriage with an Oraon is acceptable only due to a special relationship, the "Uncle-Nephew" relation. The reasons for this relationship are surrounded by many myths and remain lost in antiquity.

Religion and Identity [link]

Mostly Munda people follow the Sarna religion, believing in a god called Singbonga. However nearly one-fourth of them have adopted Christianity.

The surname of a Munda defines their identity. Many surnames are common among other tribes with minute variations. Surnames are based on natural elements, trees, animals birds or any nature related object which are often found in Chotanagpur region.

Common surnames among the Munda are: Topno (species of tree ant), Barla (Potter, species of fig tree), Aind (species rare river eel), Kerketta (species of rare bird), Kandir (lion), Guria, Sanga, Kandulna, Bage, Lugun, Surin, Burh/Bur, Demta, Mundu, Jojo (Tarmarind), Honhaga (younger brother), Kongari (species of rare bird), Horo (tortoise), Lomga, Samad, Purti, Bodra, Dang, Bhengra, Hem(b)rom, Dodrai, Soy, Herenz, Tiru, Bhuinya (earth).

Many Munda choose to write "Munda" in place of their surname. There are also group of Munda families who are called Sing Munda.

Notable Mundas [link]

Birsa Munda, lead a late 19th century independence movement during British colonial rule in India. He was said to be very powerful and he could turn bullets to powder.
Jaipal Singh, formed the Adivasi Mahasabha political party in 1938, with himself as its president. After independence the name of the party was changed to the Jharkhand Party, to accommodate non-tribals seeking to achieve long term goals. He was the first to demand a separate Jharkhand state for tribals. He captained the Indian field hockey team to clinch the gold in the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam. He is well known for his sportsmanship and political skills.

Nirmal Munda, in 1934, spearheaded the movement in an organised form with some demands like i)New land settlement ii)Non Payment of Tax iii)Abolition of forced labour iv)People's right over forest v)Spread of education. Government started collecting taxes by force and warrant was issued to arrest Nirmal Munda. Nirmal Munda took it as challenge, gave a simultaneous call to the people to gather at Simko (a village near Raiboga Police station, Orissa) on 25 April 1934. Captain Boscoe, a political agent, arrived with armed forces and asked people to identify Nirmal Munda. Having failing to get any response, the agent gave firing order which resulted in loss of some 300 people lives. Nirmal Munda was arrested.'Simko Firing'was an historic movement in India's freedom of struggle in general and of sundargarh district in particular.

Karia Munda MP. He is also the Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha.

One of the well known scholars of the country Mr. Ramdayal Munda belongs to this tribe. He has been bestowed with many awards in the country and abroad for his outstanding contribution to art and culture of his tribe and state, Padmashree being the latest. Also a nominated member of the Rajya Sabha. Recently he has been included in the 14 member National Advisory Council(NAC). He also heads the Tribal Advisory Council of the Gov. of Jharkhand. Also, he has contributed much to the Mundari language and literature by his books- Mundari Paath,Mundari Vyakaran, Hisir, Seled and Adidharam.

Himanshu Munda. a comparatively less known but important person in the history of mundas.

Literature & Studies [link]

Jesuit Father John-Baptist Hoffmann (1857–1928) spent his life studying the language, customs, religion and life of the Mundas. He published the first Munda grammar in 1903. Later (with the help of Menas Orea, a Munda wise man and scholar to whom he paid rich tribute) Hoffmann brought out a Encyclopaedia mundarica, 15 volumes, gathering all that was then known of the Munda people. The first edition was published posthumously in 1937. A third edition came to press in 1976.

"The Mundas & Their Country" by S C Roy, published in 1912

"Adidharam" by Ramdayal Munda and Ratan Singh Manki. The book includes all the rituals and customs practised by the Munda people. The book is in Mundari with Hindi translation. The book also an appeal to all the tribes, to unite their religion as one- 'Adidharam' on the basis of their common root.

Bibliography [link]

HOFFMANN, John-Baptist: Mundari Grammar, Calcutta, 1903.
HOFFMANN, John-Baptist: A Mundari Grammar with exercises, 2 vol., Calcutta, 1905–09.
HOFFMANN, John-Baptist: Encyclopaedia mundarica, 15 vol., Patna, 1930–37.
PONETTE, P. (ed): The Munda World. Hoffmann commemoration volume, Ranchi, 1978.

References [link]

^ Pre-Aryan and Pre-Dravidian in India. By Sylvain Lévi, P. Levi, Jules Bloch, Jean Przyluski.
^ M. E. Riccio, J. M. Nunes, M. Rahal, B. Kervaire, J. M. Tiercy, A. Sanchez-Mazas, "The Austroasiatic Munda population from India and Its enigmatic origin: a HLA diversity study", Human Biology, 2011 Jun;83(3):405-35, University of Geneva

External links [link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Munda people

Sarna – A case study in religion On the religion of the Munda tribals
Sinlung – Indian tribes
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Mundās". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

v t e List of Indigenous groups of Bangladesh

Bawm · Chak · Chakma · Garo · Khasiya · Khumi · Khyang · Kuki · Lushai · Mahle · Marma · Mro or Murang or Mru · Munda · Oraon · Pankho · Rakhaine · Santals · Tanchangya · Tripuri

v t e Scheduled tribes of India

Asur Baiga Bharia Bhil Bhumij Bhutia Birhor Bodo Bodo-Kachari Boksa Bonda Chakma Chenchu Dimasa Garo Gondi Hmar Ho Karbi Khasi Khonds Kol Korwa Kuki Lepcha Lodha Mahli Mara Mech Mishing Mizo Mog Munda Mudugar Naga Oraon Rabari Rabha Reang Santals Sora Tripuri

v t e Tribes of Jharkhand

Asur Baiga Bhumij Birhor Chero Gond Ho Kodaku Kol Kora Korwa Mahli Mal Paharia Munda Oraon Santal Sauria Paharia

v t e Scheduled Tribes of Orissa

Bhottada Binjhal Bhumij Bhuiya Bhumia Bhunjia Gond Kandha Kisan Kolha Koya Munda Oraon Paroja Santal Saura Shabar

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Asa Singh Mastana
Born	1929 Punjab
Died	1999
Occupations	Singer
Associated acts	Surinder Kaur

Asa Singh Mastana (Punjabi: ਆਸਾ ਸਿੰਘ ਮਸਤਾਨਾ)(Surname- 'Blaggan') (1926–1999) was a Punjabi musician and singer, best known for lending his voice to the hit Bollywood film Heer. His well-known songs, among others "Balle Ni Panjaab Diye Sher Bachiye", "Doli Charhdeyan Marian Heer Cheekaan" and "Kali teri gut", have served as templates for later Punjabi musicians^[1] His great work also expands to singing sad songs like "Jadon Meri Arthi Utha Ke Chalan Ge" to famous song "Main Jatt Yamla Pagla Deewana" dramtized on Dharmendra^[2]. He was mostly paired with Surinder Kaur or Prakash Kaur for singing many old folk songs of Punjab^[3].

Discography [link]

Best of Asa Singh Mastana and Surinder Kaur
Heer
Mastana Masti Wich
Sarke Sarke Jandiye Mutiare Ni

Persondata
Name	Mastana, Asa Singh
Alternative names
Short description	Punjabi singer
Date of birth	1926
Place of birth
Date of death	1999
Place of death

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asa_Singh_Mastana

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

Make changes yourself !

Contents

History [link]

Culture [link]

Religion and Identity [link]

Notable Mundas [link]

See also [link]

Literature & Studies [link]

Bibliography [link]

References [link]

Further reading [link]

External links [link]

http://wn.com/Munda_people

Related pages:

http://ru.wn.com/Мунда (народ)

http://de.wn.com/Munda (Volk)

http://it.wn.com/Munda (popolazione)

http://id.wn.com/Munda

Discography [link]

References [link]

External links [link]

http://wn.com/Asa_Singh_Mastana