1994

Sunday, 11 November 2012

Salt 'N' Pepa - Whatta Man 1994 (feat. En Vogue)

June 17th 1994: The Ford Bronco chase with OJ

The Cranberries - Dreams (live at Woodstock 1994)

Whitney Houston - I have nothing (South Africa, 1994)

Roger Daltrey & John Entwistle - The Real Me 1994

Open Collage in a new Window

Email the Collage

Loading suggestions ...

1994 AMIA bombing
http://wn.com/1994_AMIA_bombing
Aden
Aden (; , ) is a seaport city in Yemen, located by the eastern approach to the Red Sea (the Gulf of Aden), some 170 kilometres east of Bab-el-Mandeb. Its population is approximately 800,000. Aden's ancient, natural harbour lies in the crater of an extinct volcano which now forms a peninsula, joined to the mainland by a low isthmus. This harbour, Front Bay, was first used by the ancient Kingdom of Awsan between the 5th and 7th centuries BC. The modern harbour is on the other side of the peninsula.
http://wn.com/Aden
Angola
Angola, officially the Republic of Angola (, ; ), is a country in south-central Africa bordered by Namibia on the south, Democratic Republic of the Congo on the north, and Zambia on the east; its west coast is on the Atlantic Ocean with Luanda as its capital city. The exclave province of Cabinda has a border with the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
http://wn.com/Angola
Armenia
http://wn.com/Armenia
Australia
{{Infobox country
http://wn.com/Australia
Australian
http://wn.com/Australian
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan ( ; ), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan (), is one of the six independent Turkic states in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, it is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west, and Iran to the south.
http://wn.com/Azerbaijan
Buenos Aires
http://wn.com/Buenos_Aires
California
California (pronounced ) is the most populous state in the United States and the third-largest by land area, after Alaska and Texas. California is also the most populous sub-national entity in North America. It's on the U.S. West Coast, bordered by the Pacific Ocean to the west and by the states of Oregon to the north, Nevada to the east, Arizona to the southeast, Baja California, Mexico, to the south. Its 5 largest cities are Los Angeles, San Diego, San Jose, San Francisco, and Long Beach, with Los Angeles, San Diego, and San Jose each having at least 1 million residents. Like many populous states, California's capital, Sacramento is smaller than the state's largest city, Los Angeles. The state is home to the nation's 2nd- and 6th-largest census statistical areas and 8 of the nation's 50 most populous cities. California has a varied climate and geography and a multi-cultural population.
http://wn.com/California
Canada
Canada () is a country in North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean. It is the world's second largest country by total area. Canada's common border with the United States to the south and northwest is the longest in the world.
http://wn.com/Canada
Canary Islands
http://wn.com/Canary_Islands
Caribbean Islands
http://wn.com/Caribbean_Islands
Chechnya
http://wn.com/Chechnya
Chiapas
Chiapas () is the southernmost state of Mexico, located towards the southeast of the country. Chiapas is bordered by the states of Tabasco to the north, Veracruz to the northwest, and Oaxaca to the west. To the east Chiapas borders Guatemala, and to the south the Pacific Ocean,
http://wn.com/Chiapas
Colorado
Colorado (pronounced or, chiefly by outsiders, ) is a U.S. state that encompasses most of the Southern Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains. Colorado is part of the Western United States, the Mountain States, and the Southwestern United States.
http://wn.com/Colorado
Cuba
The Republic of Cuba (; , ) is an island country in the Caribbean. The nation of Cuba consists of the main island of Cuba, the Isla de la Juventud, and several archipelagos.
http://wn.com/Cuba
Detroit, Michigan
http://wn.com/Detroit_Michigan
Dublin
http://wn.com/Dublin
Edina High School
Edina High School is a three-year public high school located in Edina, Minnesota, a first-tier suburb of Minneapolis. The school was founded in 1949 and has a current enrollment of approximately 2,000 students.
http://wn.com/Edina_High_School
Edinburgh
http://wn.com/Edinburgh
England
England () is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the North Sea to the east, with the English Channel to the south separating it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
http://wn.com/England
Ethiopia
{{Infobox country
http://wn.com/Ethiopia
Finland
Finland (pronounced ), officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden on the west, Norway on the north and Russia on the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.
http://wn.com/Finland
France
{{Infobox Country
http://wn.com/France
Fresno, California
Fresno (, ) is a city in California, USA, the county seat of Fresno County. As of 2010, the population was estimated at 505,479, making it the fifth largest city in California, the largest inland city in California, and the 35th largest in the nation. Fresno is located in the center of the wide San Joaquin Valley of Central California, approximately north of Los Angeles and south of the state capital, Sacramento. The city is part of Metropolitan Fresno, which, with a population of 922,516 is the second largest area in the Central Valley after the Sacramento Metropolitan Area. The name Fresno is the Spanish language word for the ash tree, and an ash leaf is featured on the city's flag.
http://wn.com/Fresno_California
Georgia (U.S. state)
Georgia () is a state located in the southeastern United States. Georgia was established in 1732, the last of the original Thirteen Colonies. Georgia was the fourth state to ratify the United States Constitution, on January 2, 1788. It declared its secession from the Union on January 21, 1861, and was one of the original seven Confederate states. It was the last state to be restored to the Union, on July 15, 1870 and the only among the 13 that is explicitly named after a monarch; King George II of England.
http://wn.com/Georgia_(US_state)
Germany
Germany (), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (, ), is a country in Western Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands. The territory of Germany covers 357.021 km2 and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state of the European Union, and home to the third-largest number of international migrants worldwide.
http://wn.com/Germany
Gloucester
Gloucester ( ) is a city, district and county town of Gloucestershire in the South West region of England. Gloucester lies close to the Welsh border, and on the River Severn, approximately north-east of Bristol, and south-southwest of Birmingham.
http://wn.com/Gloucester
Haiti
Haiti (; French , ; Haitian Creole: Ayiti, ), officially the Republic of Haiti ( ;
http://wn.com/Haiti
Havana
http://wn.com/Havana
Hawaii
: For geographic details see Geography and environment or Hawaiian Islands.
http://wn.com/Hawaii
Honolulu, Hawaii
http://wn.com/Honolulu_Hawaii
Illinois
Illinois ( {{respell|-i-), is the fifth-most populous state of the United States of America, and is often noted for being a microcosm of the entire country. It is the most populous state in the Midwest region, however with 65% of its residents concentrated in the Chicago metropolitan area, most of the state has either a rural or a small town character. With Chicago in the northeast, small industrial cities and great agricultural productivity in central and western Illinois, and natural resources like coal, timber, and petroleum in the south, Illinois has a broad economic base. Illinois is an important transportation hub; the Port of Chicago connects the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River via the Illinois River. As the "most average state", Illinois has long had a reputation as a bellwether both in social and cultural terms and politics, though the latter has not really been true since the early 1970s.
http://wn.com/Illinois
Iona
Iona () is a small island in the Inner Hebrides off the western coast of Scotland. It was a centre of Irish monasticism for four centuries and is today renowned for its tranquility and natural beauty. It is a popular tourist destination. Its modern Gaelic name means "Iona of (Saint) Columba" (formerly anglicised "Icolmkill").
http://wn.com/Iona
Iraq
Iraq ( or , Arabic: ), officially the Republic of Iraq (Arabic:
http://wn.com/Iraq
Ireland
Ireland (,; , ; Ulster Scots: Airlann) is the third-largest island in Europe and the twentieth-largest island in the world. It lies to the northwest of continental Europe and is surrounded by hundreds of islands and islets. To the east of Ireland is Great Britain, separated from it by the Irish Sea. The island is divided between the Republic of Ireland, which covers just under five-sixths of the island, and Northern Ireland, a part of the United Kingdom, which covers the remainder and is located in the northeast of the island. The population of Ireland is approximately 6.2 million people. Just under 4.5 million live in the Republic of Ireland and just under 1.8 million live in Northern Ireland.
http://wn.com/Ireland
Israel
http://wn.com/Israel
Italy
http://wn.com/Italy
Japan
http://wn.com/Japan
Johannesburg
Johannesburg (, ) also known as Jozi, '''Jo'burg or eGoli''', is the largest city in South Africa. Johannesburg is the provincial capital of Gauteng, the wealthiest province in South Africa, having the largest economy of any metropolitan region in Sub-Saharan Africa.. The city is one of the 40 largest metropolitan areas in the world, and is also the world's largest city not situated on a river, lake, or coastline.
http://wn.com/Johannesburg
Jordan
{{Infobox Country
http://wn.com/Jordan
Kigali
Kigali, population 965,398 (2009), is the capital and largest city of Rwanda. It is situated near the geographic centre of the nation, and has been the economic, cultural, and transport hub of Rwanda since it became capital at independence in 1962. The main residence and offices of the President of Rwanda are located in the city, as are the government ministries. The city is coterminous with the province of Kigali City, which was enlarged in January 2006 as part of local government reorganisation in the country. The city's urban area covers about 70% of the municipal boundaries.
http://wn.com/Kigali
Kuwait
The State of Kuwait (, Dawlat al-Kuwayt) is a sovereign Arab nation situated in the northeast of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south, and Iraq to the north. It lies on the northwestern shore of the Persian Gulf. The name Kuwait is derived from the Arabic "akwat", the plural of "kout", meaning fortress built near water. The emirate covers an area of 17,820 square kilometres (6,880 sq mi) and has a population of about 2.7 million.
http://wn.com/Kuwait
Lillehammer
http://wn.com/Lillehammer
Line Islands
The Line Islands, or Equatorial Islands, is a chain of eleven atolls and low coral islands in the central Pacific Ocean, south of the Hawaiian Islands, that stretches for 2,350 km in a northwest-southeast direction, making it one of the longest islands chains of the world. Eight of the islands form part of Kiribati, while the remaining three are United States territories grouped with the United States Minor Outlying Islands.
http://wn.com/Line_Islands
Malawi
The Republic of Malawi (; Chichewa ) is a landlocked country in southeast Africa that was formerly known as Nyasaland. It is bordered by Zambia to the northwest, Tanzania to the northeast, and Mozambique on the east, south and west. The country is separated from Tanzania and Mozambique by Lake Malawi. Its size is over with an estimated population of more than 13,900,000. Its capital is Lilongwe, the second largest city is Blantyre and the third large city is Mzuzu. The name Malawi comes from the Maravi, an old name of the Nyanja people that inhabit the area.
http://wn.com/Malawi
Malaysia
Malaysia (pronounced or ) is a federal constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia. It consists of thirteen states and three federal territories and has a total landmass of . The country is separated by the South China Sea into two regions, Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo (also known as West and East Malaysia respectively). Malaysia shares land borders with Thailand, Indonesia, and Brunei and has maritime boundaries with Singapore, Vietnam, and the Philippines. The capital city is Kuala Lumpur, while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government. The population as of 2009 stood at over 28 million.
http://wn.com/Malaysia
Maralinga
http://wn.com/Maralinga
Matsumoto, Nagano
is a city located in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. Matsumoto is designated as a Special City.
http://wn.com/Matsumoto_Nagano
Medellín
http://wn.com/Medellín
Mexico
Mexico, (pronounced ; ), officially known as the United Mexican States (), is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost 2 million square kilometres (over 760,000 sq mi), Mexico is the fifth-largest country in the Americas by total area and the 14th largest independent nation in the world. With an estimated population of 111 million, it is the 11th most populous country and the most populous Hispanophone country on Earth. Mexico is a federation comprising thirty-one states and a Federal District, the capital city.
http://wn.com/Mexico
Moldova
Moldova , officially the Republic of Moldova (Moldovan/) is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, located between Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east and south. It declared itself an independent state with the same boundaries as the preceding Moldovan SSR in 1991, as part of the dissolution of the Soviet Union. A strip of Moldova's internationally recognized territory on the east bank of the river Dniester has been under the de facto control of the breakaway government of Transnistria since 1990.
http://wn.com/Moldova
Morin Heights
http://wn.com/Morin_Heights
Nagoya
is the third-largest incorporated city and the fourth most populous urban area in Japan.
http://wn.com/Nagoya
Namibia
Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia (, ), is a country in southern Africa whose western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Angola and Zambia to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and east. It gained independence from South Africa on 21 March 1990 following the Namibian War of Independence. Its capital and largest city is Windhoek. Namibia is a member state of the United Nations (UN), the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the African Union (AU), and the Commonwealth of Nations.
http://wn.com/Namibia
NASA
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA, ) is an Executive Branch agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's civilian space program and aeronautics and aerospace research. Since February 2006, NASA's self-described mission statement is to "pioneer the future in space exploration, scientific discovery and aeronautics research."
http://wn.com/NASA
Negeri Sembilan
http://wn.com/Negeri_Sembilan
New South Wales
New South Wales (abbreviated as NSW), Australia's most populous state, is located in the south-east of the country, north of Victoria, south of Queensland, east of South Australia and encompasses the whole of the Australian Capital Territory. The colony of New South Wales was founded in 1788 and originally comprised much of the Australian mainland, as well as Van Diemen's Land, Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island in addition to the area currently referred to as the state of New South Wales, which was formed during Federation in 1901.
http://wn.com/New_South_Wales
New Zealand
{{Infobox Country
http://wn.com/New_Zealand
Nobel Peace Prize
The Nobel Peace Prize (Swedish and Norwegian: Nobels fredspris) is one of the five Nobel Prizes bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel.
http://wn.com/Nobel_Peace_Prize
North Carolina
North Carolina () is a state located on the Atlantic Seaboard in the Southern United States. The state borders South Carolina and Georgia to the south, Tennessee to the west and Virginia to the north. North Carolina contains 100 counties. Its capital is Raleigh, and its largest city is Charlotte. North Carolina is now ranked as one of the top 3 leading States for Green Technology, Bio-Chemical Engineering, Medical Sciences, and Computer Engineering through the long-range research and development programs of Research Triangle Park (RTP), UNC Chapel Hill, and North Carolina State .
http://wn.com/North_Carolina
Norway
http://wn.com/Norway
Norwich
Norwich ( or ) is a city in England. It is the regional administrative centre and county town of Norfolk. During the 11th century, Norwich was the second largest city in England, after London, and one of the most important places in the kingdom.
http://wn.com/Norwich
Osaka
http://wn.com/Osaka
Oslo
http://wn.com/Oslo
Palau
Palau , officially the Republic of Palau (), is an island nation in the Pacific Ocean, some 500 miles (800 km) east of the Philippines and 2,000 miles (3,200 km) south of Tokyo. Having emerged from United Nations trusteeship (administered by the United States) in 1994, it is one of the world's youngest and smallest sovereign states. In English, the name is sometimes spelled Belau in accordance with the native pronunciation. It was formerly also spelled Pelew.
http://wn.com/Palau
Palermo
Palermo (, Sicilian: Palermu, , from , Panormos, , Balharm) is a historic city in Southern Italy, the capital of both the autonomous region of Sicily and the Province of Palermo. The city is noted for its rich history, culture, architecture and gastronomy, playing an important role throughout much of its existence; it is over 2,700 years old. Palermo is located in the northwest of the island of Sicily, right by the Gulf of Palermo in the Tyrrhenian Sea.
http://wn.com/Palermo
Piedmont, Alabama
Piedmont is a city in Calhoun and Cherokee counties in the U.S. state of Alabama. The population was 5,120 at the 2000 census. It is included in the Anniston-Oxford, Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area. Many surrounding communities utilize the 36272 ZIP code as part of or the entirety of their postal routes, including Spring Garden, Rock Run, Knighten's Crossroads, and Nance's Creek. The current mayor is Brian Young, who was first elected in 2008.
http://wn.com/Piedmont_Alabama
Portland, Oregon
Portland is a city located in the Northwestern United States, near the confluence of the Willamette and Columbia rivers in the state of Oregon. As of July 2009, it has an estimated population of 582,130, making it the 30th most populous in the United States. Portland is Oregon's most populous city, and the third most populous city in the Pacific Northwest, after Seattle, Washington and Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Approximately 2.2 million people live in the Portland metropolitan area (MSA), the 23rd most populous in the United States as of July 2006.
http://wn.com/Portland_Oregon
Quebec
Quebec or ( ) is a province in east-central Canada. It is the only Canadian province with a predominantly French-speaking population and the only one whose sole official language is French at the provincial level.
http://wn.com/Quebec
Red Cross
http://wn.com/Red_Cross
Republic of China
The Republic of China (ROC), commonly known as Taiwan, is a state in East Asia located off the east coast of mainland China. Subject to an ongoing dispute with the People's Republic of China (PRC) that has left it with limited formal diplomatic relations, the government of the Republic of China currently governs the islands of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and other minor islands. Neighbouring states include the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the northeast, and the Philippines to the south.
http://wn.com/Republic_of_China
Romania
Romania ( ; dated: Rumania; ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, north of the Balkan Peninsula, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea. Romania shares a border with Hungary and Serbia to the west, Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova to the northeast, and Bulgaria to the south.
http://wn.com/Romania
Roselawn, Indiana
Roselawn is a census-designated place (CDP) in Newton and Jasper counties in the U.S. state of Indiana. The population was 3,933 at the 2000 census.
http://wn.com/Roselawn_Indiana
Russia
Russia (; ), also officially known as the Russian Federation (), is a state in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both via Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, the People's Republic of China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It also has maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the United States by the Bering Strait. At , Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than a ninth of the Earth's land area. Russia is also the ninth most populous nation with 142 million people. It extends across the whole of northern Asia and 40% of Europe, spanning 9 time zones and incorporating a wide range of environments and landforms. Russia has the world's largest reserves of mineral and energy resources. It has the world's largest forest reserves and its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the world's fresh water.
http://wn.com/Russia
Rwanda
The Republic of Rwanda (, , or in English, or in Kinyarwanda) is a unitary republic of central and eastern Africa. It borders Uganda to the north; Tanzania to the east; Burundi to the south; and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. Rwanda is landlocked but is noted for its lakes, particularly Lake Kivu, which occupies the floor of the Rift Valley along most of the country's western border. Although close to the equator, the country has a temperate climate due to its high elevation, with the highest point being Mount Karisimbi. The terrain consists of mountains and gently rolling hills, with plains and swamps in the east. Abundant wildlife, including rare mountain gorillas, have led to a fast-growing tourism sector. The largest cities in Rwanda are Kigali, Gitarama, and Butare. Unlike many African countries, Rwanda is home to only one significant ethnic and linguistic group, the Banyarwanda. The country is well known for its native styles of dance, particularly the Intore dance, and for its drummers. Kinyarwanda, English and French are the official languages.
http://wn.com/Rwanda
San Fernando Valley
[[Image:San Fernando Valley vista.jpg|thumb|right|400px|San Fernando Valley looking northeast; from the [http://www.lamountains.com/parks.asp?parkid=59 Top of Topanga Overlook Park] above foreground Woodland Hills]]
http://wn.com/San_Fernando_Valley
San Francisco
http://wn.com/San_Francisco
Serbia
Serbia (pronounced: ), officially the Republic of Serbia (), is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central- and Southeastern Europe, covering the southern lowlands of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans. Serbia borders Hungary to the north; Romania and Bulgaria to the east; the Republic of Macedonia to the south; and Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro to the west; its border with Albania is disputed. Serbia's capital city, Belgrade, is among the most populous in Southeastern Europe.
http://wn.com/Serbia
Sierra Leone
Sierra Leone () (Krio: Sa Lone), officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Guinea to the north and east, Liberia to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west and southwest. Sierra Leone covers a total area of and has a population estimated at 6.5 million. It is a former British Colony and now a constitutional republic comprising three provinces and the Western Area; which are further divided into fourteen districts.
http://wn.com/Sierra_Leone
Sistine Chapel
Sistine Chapel () is the best-known chapel in the Apostolic Palace, the official residence of the Pope in Vatican City. It is famous for its architecture, evocative of Solomon's Temple of the Old Testament, and its decoration that has been frescoed throughout by the greatest Renaissance artists including Michelangelo, Raphael, Bernini, and Sandro Botticelli. Under the patronage of Pope Julius II, Michelangelo painted of the chapel ceiling between 1508 and 1512. He resented the commission, and believed his work only served the Pope's need for grandeur. However, today the ceiling, and especially The Last Judgement, are widely believed to be Michelangelo's crowning achievements in painting.
http://wn.com/Sistine_Chapel
Slovakia
http://wn.com/Slovakia
Somalia
Somalia ( ; ; ), officially the Republic of Somalia (, ) and formerly known as the Somali Democratic Republic under communist rule, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Djibouti to the northwest, Kenya to the southwest, the Gulf of Aden with Yemen to the north, the Indian Ocean to the east, and Ethiopia to the west. With the longest coastline on the continent, its terrain consists mainly of plateaus, plains and highlands.
http://wn.com/Somalia
South Africa
The Republic of South Africa is a country located at the southern tip of Africa, with a coastline on the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. To the north lie Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe; to the east are Mozambique and Swaziland; while Lesotho is an independent country wholly surrounded by South African territory.
http://wn.com/South_Africa
South Carolina
South Carolina () is a state in the United States that borders Georgia to the south and North Carolina to the north. Originally part of the Province of Carolina, the Province of South Carolina was one of the 13 colonies that declared independence from the British Crown during the American Revolution. The colony was originally named by British King Charles II in honor of his father Charles I of England, as Carolus is Latin for Charles. South Carolina was the first state to vote to secede from the Union and was the founding state of the Confederate States of America. According to an estimate by the United States Census Bureau, the state's population in 2009 was 4,561,242 and ranked 24th among the U.S. states. South Carolina contains 46 counties and its capital is Columbia.
http://wn.com/South_Carolina
Soviet Union
http://wn.com/Soviet_Union
SS American Star
http://wn.com/SS_American_Star
Sweden
http://wn.com/Sweden
Switzerland
Switzerland (, , , ), officially the Swiss Confederation (Confoederatio Helvetica in Latin, hence its ISO country codes CH and CHE), is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe where it is bordered by Germany to the north, France to the west, Italy to the south, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east.
http://wn.com/Switzerland
Sydney
Sydney () is the largest and most populous city in Australia and the state capital of New South Wales. Sydney is located on Australia's south-east coast of the Tasman Sea. With an approximate population of 4.5 million in the Sydney metropolitan area the city is the largest in Oceania. Inhabitants of Sydney are called Sydneysiders, comprising a cosmopolitan and international population of people from numerous places around the world.
http://wn.com/Sydney
Ukraine
Ukraine ( ; , transliterated: , ), with its area of 603,628 km2, is the second largest country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by the Russian Federation to the east and northeast, Belarus to the northwest, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary to the west, Romania and Moldova to the southwest, and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast respectively.
http://wn.com/Ukraine
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a country and sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island nation, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land border with another sovereign state, sharing it with the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea. Great Britain is linked to continental Europe by the Channel Tunnel.
http://wn.com/United_Kingdom
United States
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
http://wn.com/United_States
University of London
Based primarily in London, England, the University of London is a federal mega university made up of 31 affiliates: 19 separate university institutions, and 12 research institutes. As such, the University of London is the largest university in the UK by number of full-time students, with 135,090 campus-based students and over 45,000 in the University of London International Programmes.
http://wn.com/University_of_London
Vatican City
http://wn.com/Vatican_City
Walvis Bay
Walvis Bay (Afrikaans Walvisbaai, German Walfischbucht or Walfischbai, all meaning "Whale Bay"), is a city in Namibia and the name of the bay on which it lies.
http://wn.com/Walvis_Bay
Washington, DC
http://wn.com/Washington_DC
West Bank
The West Bank (, , , ''HaGadah HaMa'aravit'') is a landlocked territory and is the eastern part of the Palestinian territories; on the west bank of the Jordan River in the Middle East. To the west, north, and south, the West Bank shares borders with the state of Israel. To the east, across the Jordan River, lies the country of Jordan. The West Bank also contains a significant coastline along the western bank of the Dead Sea. Since 1967, most of the West Bank has been under Israeli military occupation as what it calls the Judea and Samaria Area. A smaller part of the West Bank is administered by the Israeli civilian authorities as part of Jerusalem District.
http://wn.com/West_Bank
White House
The White House is the official residence and principal workplace of the President of the United States. Located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW in Washington, D.C., the house was designed by Irish-born James Hoban, and built between 1792 and 1800 of white-painted Aquia sandstone in the Neoclassical style. It has been the residence of every U.S. President since John Adams. When Thomas Jefferson moved into the house in 1801, he (with architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe) expanded the building outward, creating two colonnades that were meant to conceal stables and storage.
http://wn.com/White_House
Woodstock Festival
http://wn.com/Woodstock_Festival
Yemen
http://wn.com/Yemen

Abioseh Nicol
http://wn.com/Abioseh_Nicol
Afrikaner
Afrikaners (including distinct Boer subgroup) are an Afrikaans-speaking ethnic group in Southern Africa. They are mainly of Dutch descent augmented with French and German ancestry, and their native tongue is Afrikaans, a Germanic language which derives from Dutch.
http://wn.com/Afrikaner
Airi Suzuki
http://wn.com/Airi_Suzuki
Aislinn Paul
Aislinn Paul () is a Canadian actress, best known for her role in "" as Clare Edwards, the younger sister of Darcy Edwards. Previous roles include Hannah Woodal in Wild Card, Amber in the CBS Film, Candles on Bay Street, Isabella in the HBO series Tell Me You Love Me, and Alexa Ammon in the Lifetime Movie Network Original Murder in the Hamptons.
http://wn.com/Aislinn_Paul
Akiane Kramarik
Akiane Kramarik (born July 9, 1994) is an American poet and artistic prodigy.
http://wn.com/Akiane_Kramarik
Al Gore
Albert Arnold "Al" Gore, Jr. (born March 31, 1948) served as the 45th Vice President of the United States from 1993 to 2001 under President Bill Clinton. He was the Democratic Party nominee for President in the 2000 U.S. presidential election.
http://wn.com/Al_Gore
Albert Guðmundsson
http://wn.com/Albert_Guðmundsson
Aldrich Ames
Aldrich Hazen Ames (born May 26, 1941) is a former Central Intelligence Agency counter-intelligence officer and analyst, who, in 1994, was convicted of spying for the Soviet Union and Russia.
http://wn.com/Aldrich_Ames
Alexander Gould
Alexander Jerome Gould (born May 4, 1994) is an American television actor and voice artist. He is best known for his role as Shane Botwin on the Showtime TV series Weeds and for having provided the voice of Nemo in Pixar's Finding Nemo.
http://wn.com/Alexander_Gould
Alfred G. Gilman
Alfred Goodman Gilman (born July 1, 1941) is an American pharmacologist and biochemist. He shared the 1994 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Martin Rodbell for their discoveries regarding G-proteins.
http://wn.com/Alfred_G_Gilman
Alien (law)
In law, an alien is a person in a country who is not a citizen of that country.
http://wn.com/Alien_(law)
Allen Campbell
Allen Campbell (1953-August 20, 1994) was a zookeeper and elephant trainer and handler in his hometown of Jacksonville, Florida before moving to work in the Baton Rouge zoo in the mid 1970s as the elephant keeper and trainer. He also ran the first elephant ride there. He advanced elephant care at the Baton Rouge zoo by insisting that all of the elephants needed to be fed and watered and their enclosure cleaned every night as well as every day. He usually did this himself and was known to be a workaholic as many elephant men are. He contracted to run the elephant ride and provide a baby elephant mascot for the Denver zoo in 1986. He worked as an elephant consultant for many zoo's including the National Zoo in Washington, D.C. He was heavily influenced by circus trainer Rex Williams and his lifes ambition was to have a circus elephant act. He eventually worked as an elephant trainer for The Hawthorn Corporation. Campbell was crushed to death on August 20, 1994 at the Neal Blaisdell Center in Honolulu, Hawaii, after attempting to save fellow co-worker Dallas Beckwith from the performing elephant "Tyke", which had run amok.
http://wn.com/Allen_Campbell
Allie Grant
Allie Grant (born February 14, 1994) is an American film and television actress. After a few guest appearances in the Disney Channel Original Series The Suite Life of Zack & Cody and ''That's So Raven, Grant was cast on Weeds'' in 2005. Although she originally began as a recurring character, Grant's role grew and by season 3 she became a regular part of the cast. Her role as the lesbian daughter of Celia Hodes, Isabelle Hodes earned her a SAG nomination as part of the Weeds cast. In her spare time, Allie enjoys taking private classes at a local dance studio in her hometown of Tupelo, MS, where she currently resides.
http://wn.com/Allie_Grant
Andrei Chikatilo
http://wn.com/Andrei_Chikatilo
Anita Lizana
http://wn.com/Anita_Lizana
Anita Morris
Anita Rose Morris (March 14, 1943 – March 2, 1994) was an American actress.
http://wn.com/Anita_Morris
Antonio Carlos Jobim
http://wn.com/Antonio_Carlos_Jobim
Ari Halberstam
Ari Halberstam (May 6, 1977 - March 6, 1994) was a yeshiva student from a distinguished family associated with the Chabad-Lubavitch movement, who was killed in a terrorist shooting in New York City.
http://wn.com/Ari_Halberstam
Arthur Espie Porritt
http://wn.com/Arthur_Espie_Porritt
Astrid Lindgren
http://wn.com/Astrid_Lindgren
Ayrton Senna
http://wn.com/Ayrton_Senna
Baruch Goldstein
Baruch Kopel Goldstein (; December 9, 1956 – February 25, 1994) was an American-born Jewish Israeli physician who perpetrated the 1994 Cave of the Patriarchs massacre in the city of Hebron, killing 29 Muslims at prayer there and wounding another 150.
http://wn.com/Baruch_Goldstein
Benoît Régent
http://wn.com/Benoît_Régent
Berton Roueché
http://wn.com/Berton_Roueché
Betty Furness
http://wn.com/Betty_Furness
Bianca Ryan
Bianca Taylor Ryan (born September 1, 1994) is an American singer and guitarist, who won the debut season of NBC's ''America's Got Talent'' at age 11.
http://wn.com/Bianca_Ryan
Bill Clinton
William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III, August 19, 1946) is the former 42nd President of the United States and served from 1993 to 2001. At 46 he was the third-youngest president. He became president at the end of the Cold War, and was the first baby boomer president. His wife, Hillary Rodham Clinton, is currently the United States Secretary of State. Each received a Juris Doctor (J.D.) from Yale Law School.
http://wn.com/Bill_Clinton
Bill Hicks
http://wn.com/Bill_Hicks
Boris Yegorov
http://wn.com/Boris_Yegorov
Boris Yeltsin
http://wn.com/Boris_Yeltsin
Brian Redhead
Brian Redhead (28 December 1929 - 23 January 1994) was a British author, journalist and broadcaster. He was probably best known as a co-presenter of the Today programme on BBC Radio 4 which he worked on from 1975 until 1993, shortly before his death. He was a great lover and promoter of the city of Manchester and the North West in general, where he lived for most of his career.
http://wn.com/Brian_Redhead
Burt Lancaster
http://wn.com/Burt_Lancaster
Buster Edwards
http://wn.com/Buster_Edwards
Byron De La Beckwith
http://wn.com/Byron_De_La_Beckwith
Cab Calloway
Cabell "Cab" Calloway III (December 25, 1907 – November 18, 1994) was an American jazz singer and bandleader.
http://wn.com/Cab_Calloway
Carl Marzani
Carl Aldo Marzani (4 March 1912 - 11 December 1994), was an American leftwing political activist and publisher. He was successively a Communist Party organizer, volunteer soldier in the Spanish Civil War, United States federal intelligence official, documentary filmmaker, author, and publisher. During World War II he served in the federal intelligence agency, the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) and later the U.S. Department of State. He picked the targets for the Doolittle raid on Tokyo, which took place on April 18, 1942. Marzani served nearly three years in prison for having concealed his Communist Party membership while in the OSS.
http://wn.com/Carl_Marzani
Carmen McRae
Carmen Mercedes McRae (April 8, 1920 – November 10, 1994) was an American jazz singer, composer, pianist, and actress. Considered one of the most influential jazz vocalists of the 20th century, it was her behind-the-beat phrasing and her ironic interpretations of song lyrics that made her memorable. McRae drew inspiration from Billie Holiday, but established her own distinctive voice. She went on to record over 60 albums, enjoying a rich musical career, performing and recording in the United States, Europe, and Japan.
http://wn.com/Carmen_McRae
Cesar Romero
http://wn.com/Cesar_Romero
Charles Bukowski
http://wn.com/Charles_Bukowski
Charles Upham
Captain Charles Hazlitt Upham VC & Bar (21 September 1908 – 22 November 1994) was a New Zealand soldier who earned the Victoria Cross twice during the Second World War: in Crete in May 1941, and at Ruweisat Ridge, Egypt, in July 1942. He was only the third person to receive the VC twice, the only person to receive two VCs during the Second World War and the only combat soldier to receive the award twice. As a result, Upham is often described as the most highly decorated Commonwealth soldier of that war, as the VC is the Commonwealth's highest award for extreme gallantry in the face of the enemy.
http://wn.com/Charles_Upham
Chechnya
http://wn.com/Chechnya
Christina Gao
Christina Gao ((; born March 7, 1994) is an American figure skater. She is the 2009-2010 Junior Grand Prix Final bronze medalist and 2009 U.S. Junior bronze medalist.
http://wn.com/Christina_Gao
Claude Akins
http://wn.com/Claude_Akins
Clement Greenberg
Clement Greenberg (January 16, 1909 – May 7, 1994) was an influential American art critic closely associated with Modern art in the United States. In particular, he promoted the abstract expressionist movement and was among the first critics to praise the work of painter Jackson Pollock.
http://wn.com/Clement_Greenberg
Colombian people
Colombian people are from a multiethnic Spanish speaking nation in South America called Colombia. Colombians are predominantly Roman Catholic and are or a mixture of Europeans, Africans, and Amerindians.
http://wn.com/Colombian_people
Cyprien Ntaryamira
Cyprien Ntaryamira (6 March 1955 - 6 April 1994), was President of Burundi from 5 February 1994 until his death when his plane was shot down on 6 April 1994.
http://wn.com/Cyprien_Ntaryamira
César Tovar
http://wn.com/César_Tovar
Dack Rambo
Norman Jay "Dack" Rambo (November 13, 1941 – March 21, 1994) was an American actor, most notable for appearing as Walter Brennan's grandson Jeff in the ABC series The Guns of Will Sonnett, as Steve Jacobi in All My Children, as cousin Jack Ewing on CBS's Dallas, and as Grant Harrison on the NBC soap opera Another World.
http://wn.com/Dack_Rambo
Dakota Blue Richards
Dakota Blue Richards (born 11 April 1994) is an English actress. Her debut was in the film The Golden Compass, as the lead character Lyra Belacqua. She is also cast as the lead of another movie, The Secret of Moonacre, which was released February 2009. She is currently scheduled to play a main character in the "Third Generation" of the E4 television series Skins.
http://wn.com/Dakota_Blue_Richards
Dakota Fanning
Hannah Dakota Fanning (born February 23, 1994), better known simply as Dakota Fanning, is an American actress. Fanning's breakthrough performance was in I Am Sam in 2001. As a child actress, she appeared in high-profile films such as Man on Fire, War of the Worlds, and ''Charlotte's Web. Fanning began transitioning to more adult roles with Hounddog and The Secret Life of Bees. Recent films have included The Twilight Saga and The Runaways''. She has won numerous awards and is the youngest person ever to have been nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award.
http://wn.com/Dakota_Fanning
David Stove
David Charles Stove (15 September 1927 - 2 June 1994), was an Australian philosopher of science.
http://wn.com/David_Stove
Dean Rusk
David Dean Rusk (February 9, 1909 – December 20, 1994) was the United States Secretary of State from 1961 to 1969 under presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson. Along with James Madison, this makes him the second-longest serving US Secretary of State of all time, behind Cordell Hull.
http://wn.com/Dean_Rusk
Dennis Morgan
:For other people of the same name, see: Dennis Morgan (disambiguation)
http://wn.com/Dennis_Morgan
Derek Jarman
http://wn.com/Derek_Jarman
Dick Sargent
Dick Sargent (April 19, 1930 – July 8, 1994) was an American actor, notable as the second actor to portray Darrin Stephens on the television series Bewitched. The actor took the name Dick Sargent from a Saturday Evening Post illustrator/artist of the same name.
http://wn.com/Dick_Sargent
Dinah Shore
http://wn.com/Dinah_Shore
Dino Valente
http://wn.com/Dino_Valente
Domenico Modugno
http://wn.com/Domenico_Modugno
Doris Speed
Doris Speed, OBE (3 February 1899 - 16 November 1994) was an English actress, best known for her role as snooty Rovers Return landlady Annie Walker on Coronation Street, a role she played from 1960 to 1983.
http://wn.com/Doris_Speed
Dorothy Hodgkin
http://wn.com/Dorothy_Hodgkin
Dub Taylor
Walter Clarence Taylor, Jr. (February 26, 1907 – October 3, 1994), better known as Dub Taylor, was a prolific American actor who worked extensively in Westerns, but also in comedy from the 1940s into the 1990s.
http://wn.com/Dub_Taylor
Edvard Munch
Edvard Munch (, 12 December 1863 – 23 January 1944) was a Norwegian Symbolist painter, printmaker and an important forerunner of expressionistic art. His best-known composition, The Scream, is part of a series The Frieze of Life, in which Munch explored the themes of life, love, fear, death, melancholia, and anxiety.
http://wn.com/Edvard_Munch
Elias Canetti
http://wn.com/Elias_Canetti
Elizabeth II
Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary, born 21 April 1926) is the reigning queen and head of state of 16 independent sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize, Antigua and Barbuda, and Saint Kitts and Nevis. In addition, as Head of the Commonwealth, she is the figurehead of the 54-member Commonwealth of Nations and, as the British monarch, she is the Supreme Governor of the Church of England.
http://wn.com/Elizabeth_II
Ellsworth Vines
http://wn.com/Ellsworth_Vines
Elmar Lipping
http://wn.com/Elmar_Lipping
Erich Honecker
http://wn.com/Erich_Honecker
Erik Erikson
http://wn.com/Erik_Erikson
Ernesto Zedillo
http://wn.com/Ernesto_Zedillo
Esther Ralston
Esther Ralston (September 17, 1902 – January 14, 1994) was an American movie actress whose greatest popularity came during the silent era.
http://wn.com/Esther_Ralston
Eugene Bullard
Eugene Jacques Bullard (9 October 1894 – 12 October 1961) was the first black military pilot and the only black pilot in World War I.
http://wn.com/Eugene_Bullard
Eugène Ionesco
http://wn.com/Eugène_Ionesco
Fernando Rey
http://wn.com/Fernando_Rey
Fidel Castro
Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (born August 13, 1926) is a Cuban politician. One of the primary leaders of the Cuban Revolution, Castro served as the Prime Minister of Cuba from February 1959 to December 1976, and then as the President of the Council of State of Cuba and the President of Council of Ministers of Cuba until his resignation from the office in February 2008. He currently serves as First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba, a position he has held since 1965.
http://wn.com/Fidel_Castro
Frances Gifford
Mary Frances Gifford (December 7, 1920 – January 22, 1994) was an American actress who played leads and supporting roles in many 1930s and '40s movies.
http://wn.com/Frances_Gifford
François Mitterrand
http://wn.com/François_Mitterrand
Fred West
http://wn.com/Fred_West
Gary Kildall
http://wn.com/Gary_Kildall
George Andrew Olah
http://wn.com/George_Andrew_Olah
George Foreman
George Edward Foreman (born January 10, 1949) is an American two-time former World Heavyweight Boxing Champion, Olympic gold medalist, ordained Baptist minister, author and successful entrepreneur.
http://wn.com/George_Foreman
George Peppard
actor
http://wn.com/George_Peppard
George W. Bush
George Walker Bush (; born July 6, 1946, in New Haven, Connecticut) was the 43rd President of the United States, serving from 2001 to 2009, and the 46th Governor of Texas, serving from 1995 to 2000.
http://wn.com/George_W_Bush
Gian Maria Volonté
http://wn.com/Gian_Maria_Volonté
Gilbert Roland
Gilbert Roland (December 11, 1905 – May 15, 1994) was a Mexican-born American film actor.
http://wn.com/Gilbert_Roland
Giulietta Masina
Giulietta Masina (22 February 1921 – 23 March 1994) was an Italian film and stage actress. She starred in La strada and Nights of Cabiria, both winners of the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, in 1956 and 1957, respectively. Masina won the Best Actress award at the Cannes Film Festival for the later film.
http://wn.com/Giulietta_Masina
Giulio Andreotti
http://wn.com/Giulio_Andreotti
Guy Debord
Guy Ernest Debord (December 28, 1931 - November 30, 1994) was a French Marxist theorist, writer, filmmaker, hypergraphist and founding member of the groups Lettrist International and Situationist International (SI). He was also briefly a member of Socialisme ou Barbarie.
http://wn.com/Guy_Debord
Hal Smith (actor)
http://wn.com/Hal_Smith_(actor)
Harriet Nelson
Harriet Nelson (July 18, 1909 – October 2, 1994) was an American singer and actress. Nelson is best known for her role on the long-running sitcom The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet.
http://wn.com/Harriet_Nelson
Harry Nilsson
http://wn.com/Harry_Nilsson
Heather Whitestone
Heather Leigh Whitestone McCallum (born February 24, 1973 in Dothan, Alabama) is a former beauty queen who was the first deaf Miss America title holder, having lost most of her hearing at the age of eighteen months.
http://wn.com/Heather_Whitestone
Helen Stephens
Helen Herring Stephens (February 3, 1918 – January 17, 1994) was an American athlete, a double Olympic champion in 1936.
http://wn.com/Helen_Stephens
Henry Mancini
Henry Mancini (April 16, 1924 – June 14, 1994) was an American composer, conductor and arranger, best remembered for his film and television scores. He won a record number of Grammy Awards (20), including a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award posthumously in 1995. His best-known works include the jazz-idiom theme to The Pink Panther film series ("The Pink Panther Theme"), the Peter Gunn Theme from the television series, and back-to-back Academy Awards for the songs "Moon River" from the Blake Edwards film ''Breakfast at Tiffany's and "Days of Wine and Roses" from the 1962 film Days of Wine and Roses''.
http://wn.com/Henry_Mancini
Hou Yifan
Hou Yifan ( ) (born February 27, 1994, in Xinghua, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China) is a Chinese chess prodigy. Iin 2008, she became the youngest ever female in history (at the age of 14 years 6 months) to qualify for the title of Grandmaster.
http://wn.com/Hou_Yifan
Howard Martin Temin
For the British doctor, see Howard Martin
http://wn.com/Howard_Martin_Temin
Ilaria Alpi
http://wn.com/Ilaria_Alpi
Ivana Baquero
http://wn.com/Ivana_Baquero
J. B. L. Reyes
http://wn.com/J_B_L_Reyes
Jack Dodson
Jack Dodson (16 May 1931 - 16 September 1994) Born John S. Dodson in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, was an American television actor best remembered for the milquetoast character Howard Sprague in The Andy Griffith Show and its spin-off Mayberry R.F.D. From 1959 until his death in 1994, Dodson was married to television art director Mary Dodson.
http://wn.com/Jack_Dodson
Jack Kirby
http://wn.com/Jack_Kirby
Jack Sharkey
http://wn.com/Jack_Sharkey
Jake T. Austin
Jake T. Austin (born Jake Toranzo Austin Szymanski; December 3, 1994) is an American actor who currently stars as Max Russo, the youngest of three wizards, on the Disney Channel Original Series, Wizards of Waverly Place and as the voice of Diego in the Nickelodeon animated series Go, Diego, Go!.
http://wn.com/Jake_T_Austin
James Clavell
http://wn.com/James_Clavell
Jan Tinbergen
Jan Tinbergen (April 12, 1903 June 9, 1994), Dutch economist, was awarded the first Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel during 1969, which he shared with Ragnar Frisch for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes. Tinbergen was a founding trustee of Economists for Peace and Security.
http://wn.com/Jan_Tinbergen
Jane Arbor
Jane Arbor was the pseudonym used by Eileen Norah Owbridge (b. September 8, 1903 - d. 1994) a British writer of 57 romance for Mills & Boon from 1948 to 1985.
http://wn.com/Jane_Arbor
Jay Miner
Jay Glenn Miner (May 31, 1932 – June 20, 1994), was a famous integrated circuit designer, known primarily for his work in multimedia chips and as the "father of the Amiga". He received a BS in EECS from UC Berkeley in 1959.
http://wn.com/Jay_Miner
Jean Borotra
http://wn.com/Jean_Borotra
Jean Bourgain
Jean Bourgain (born February 28, 1954) is a Belgian mathematician. He has been a faculty member at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign and now at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey.
http://wn.com/Jean_Bourgain
Jean Sablon
Jean Sablon (Nogent-sur-Marne March 25, 1906 – February 24, 1994 at Cannes-La-Bocca) was a popular French singer and actor.
http://wn.com/Jean_Sablon
Jean-Louis Barrault
http://wn.com/Jean-Louis_Barrault
Jeff Gillooly
http://wn.com/Jeff_Gillooly
Jeffrey Dahmer
http://wn.com/Jeffrey_Dahmer
Jersey Joe Walcott
http://wn.com/Jersey_Joe_Walcott
Jessica Tandy
Jessie Alice "Jessica" Tandy (7 June 1909 – 11 September 1994) was an English stage and film actress.
http://wn.com/Jessica_Tandy
Jew
http://wn.com/Jew
Jodelle Ferland
Jodelle Micah Ferland (born October 9, 1994) is a Canadian actress, best known for her portrayal of Sharon and Alessa in the 2006 horror film Silent Hill, Mary Jensen in the 2004 miniseries "Kingdom Hospital" and her portrayal of Bree Tanner in the .
http://wn.com/Jodelle_Ferland
Joe Layton
http://wn.com/Joe_Layton
Johan Heyns
http://wn.com/Johan_Heyns
John Candy
John Franklin Candy (October 31, 1950 – March 4, 1994) was a Canadian actor and comedian. He rose to fame as a member of the Toronto, Ontario branch of The Second City, its related Second City Television series, and in his role as "Ox" in the 1981 comedy film Stripes. One of his most renowned onscreen performances was that of Del Griffith in the John Hughes comedy Planes, Trains and Automobiles.
http://wn.com/John_Candy
John Curry
http://wn.com/John_Curry
John Forbes Nash
http://wn.com/John_Forbes_Nash
John Harsanyi
John Charles Harsanyi () (born May 29, 1920 in Budapest, Hungary; died August 9, 2000 in Berkeley, California, United States) was a Hungarian-Australian-American economist and Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences winner.
http://wn.com/John_Harsanyi
John Lucarotti
John Lucarotti (May 20, 1926 in Aldershot, Hampshire—November 20, 1994) was a British-born Canadian screenwriter who began his career at CBC, writing over 200 various scripts for them as well as for Canadian television. He then moved back to England where he had a prolific career. He created in no particular order: the television series Operation Patch which he then novelised, The Ravelled Thread and ''The Panther's Leap ; he also wrote ten episodes for The Avengers, thirty-two episodes for The Troubleshooters and contributed fifteen episodes to the Doctor Who programme for the BBC in the 1960s. These together formed the three serials Marco Polo, The Aztecs and The Massacre of St Bartholomew's Eve. He subsequently novelised his scripts for Target Books. He also contributed a script for what ultimately became the 1975 serial The Ark in Space, but it was rewritten by script editor Robert Holmes, and Lucarotti receives no on-screen credit. He also contributes to the Star Maidens, Onedin Line. Other British television programmes for which John Lucarotti wrote included Lieutenant Hornblower, Into The Labyrinth, Kippers and White Wine, United! and Moonbase 3''.
http://wn.com/John_Lucarotti
John Wayne Gacy
http://wn.com/John_Wayne_Gacy
Johnny Temple
http://wn.com/Johnny_Temple
Joseph Cotten
http://wn.com/Joseph_Cotten
Jule Styne
Jule Styne (December 31, 1905 – September 20, 1994) was a British-born American songwriter especially famous for a series of Broadway musicals, which included several very well known and frequently revived shows.
http://wn.com/Jule_Styne
Justin Bieber
Justin Drew Bieber (, ; born March 1, 1994) is a Canadian pop-R&B; singer. Bieber was discovered in 2008 by Scooter Braun, who happened across Bieber's videos on YouTube and later became his manager. Braun arranged for him to meet with Usher in Atlanta, Georgia, and Bieber was soon signed to Raymond Braun Media Group (RBMG), a joint venture between Braun and Usher, and then to a recording contract with Island Records offered by L.A. Reid.
http://wn.com/Justin_Bieber
Juvénal Habyarimana
http://wn.com/Juvénal_Habyarimana
K. T. Stevens
K. T. Stevens (July 20, 1919 – June 13, 1994), born Gloria Wood in Los Angeles, California, was an American film actress. The daughter of director Sam Wood, Stevens made her first film appearance when she was just two years old in her father's second 1921 silent film, ''Peck's Bad Boy''. As an adult, she changed her name to distance herself from her father's fame. In 1946, Stevens married actor Hugh Marlowe. They divorced in 1968.
http://wn.com/K_T_Stevens
Karl Popper
http://wn.com/Karl_Popper
Ken Saro-Wiwa
http://wn.com/Ken_Saro-Wiwa
Kenzaburo Oe
http://wn.com/Kenzaburo_Oe
Kevin Poulsen
Kevin Lee Poulsen (born 1965 in Pasadena, California, U.S.) is a former black hat hacker. He is currently a senior editor at Wired News.
http://wn.com/Kevin_Poulsen
Kim Il-sung
http://wn.com/Kim_Il-sung
Kristen Pfaff
Kristen Marie Pfaff (May 26, 1967 - June 16, 1994) was an American bass guitarist, best known for her work with Hole.
http://wn.com/Kristen_Pfaff
Kurt Cobain
http://wn.com/Kurt_Cobain
Kurt Eichhorn
http://wn.com/Kurt_Eichhorn
Larry Martyn
Lawrence "Larry" Martyn (22 March 1934 - 7 August 1994) was an English actor known for his comedy performances.
http://wn.com/Larry_Martyn
Lauren Alaina
http://wn.com/Lauren_Alaina
Lawrence E. Spivak
http://wn.com/Lawrence_E_Spivak
Lennox Sebe
http://wn.com/Lennox_Sebe
Lethal injection
Lethal injection is the practice of injecting a person with a fatal dose of drugs (typically a barbiturate, paralytic, and potassium solution) for the express purpose of causing the immediate death of the subject. The main application for this procedure is capital punishment, but the term may also be applied in a broad sense to euthanasia and suicide. It kills the person by first putting the person to sleep, then stopping the breathing and heart in that order.
http://wn.com/Lethal_injection
Lew Hoad
Lewis Alan ("Lew") Hoad (born 23 November 1934 in Glebe, New South Wales, Australia; died 3 July 1994 in Fuengirola, Spain) was a champion tennis player.
http://wn.com/Lew_Hoad
Lindsay Anderson
http://wn.com/Lindsay_Anderson
Linus Pauling
http://wn.com/Linus_Pauling
Lorena Bobbitt
http://wn.com/Lorena_Bobbitt
Louise Jensen
http://wn.com/Louise_Jensen
Luis Donaldo Colosio
Luis Donaldo Colosio Murrieta (February 10, 1950 – March 23, 1994) was a Mexican politician, and PRI presidential candidate, who was assassinated at a campaign rally in Tijuana during the Mexican Presidential campaign of 1994.
http://wn.com/Luis_Donaldo_Colosio
Lynne Frederick
Lynne Maria Frederick (25 July 1954 – 27 April 1994) was an English actress.
http://wn.com/Lynne_Frederick
Léon Degrelle
http://wn.com/Léon_Degrelle
MacDonald Carey
http://wn.com/MacDonald_Carey
Madge Ryan
http://wn.com/Madge_Ryan
Mai Zetterling
Mai Elisabeth Zetterling (; May 24, 1925 – March 17, 1994) was a Swedish actress and film director.
http://wn.com/Mai_Zetterling
Marc Andreessen
Marc Andreessen (born July 10, 1971) is an investor, startup coach, blogger, and a multi-millionaire software engineer best known as co-author of Mosaic, the first widely-used web browser, and co-founder of Netscape Communications Corporation. He was the chair of Opsware, a software company he founded originally as Loudcloud, when it was acquired by Hewlett-Packard. He is also a co-founder of Ning, a company which provides a platform for social-networking websites. On June 30, 2008, Facebook announced that he had joined their Board of Directors. On September 30, 2008, it was announced that he had joined the Board of Directors of eBay, and on September 17, 2009, it was announced he had been named to the board of HP. Andreessen is a frequent keynote speaker and guest at Silicon Valley conferences.
http://wn.com/Marc_Andreessen
Mark Indelicato
Mark Indelicato (born July 16, 1994) is an American actor and singer best known for his role in the ABC comedy series Ugly Betty, as Justin Suarez, the fashion-obsessed nephew of series protagonist Betty Suarez.
http://wn.com/Mark_Indelicato
Martha Raye
http://wn.com/Martha_Raye
Martin Cahill
Martin Cahill (May 23, 1949 – August 18, 1994) was a prominent Irish criminal from Dublin.
http://wn.com/Martin_Cahill
Martin Rodbell
Martin Rodbell (December 1, 1925 – December 7, 1998) was an American biochemist and molecular endocrinologist who is best known for his discovery of G-proteins. He shared the 1994 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Alfred G. Gilman for "their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells."
http://wn.com/Martin_Rodbell
Mary Ellen Withrow
Mary Ellen Hinamon Withrow (born October 2, 1930) was the 40th Treasurer of the United States from March 1, 1994 to January 20, 2001 under President Bill Clinton.
http://wn.com/Mary_Ellen_Withrow
Massimo Troisi
Massimo Troisi (19 February 1953 - 4 June 1994) was an Italian actor, film director and poet. He is best known for his role as Mario Ruoppolo in the 1994 film Il Postino.
http://wn.com/Massimo_Troisi
Masutatsu Ōyama
http://wn.com/Masutatsu_Ōyama
Max Petitpierre
Max Petitpierre (February 26, 1899 - March 25, 1994) was a Swiss politician, jurist and member of the Swiss Federal Council, heading the Political Department (Ministry of Foreign Affairs) (1944-1961).
http://wn.com/Max_Petitpierre
Melina Mercouri
Melina Mercouri (), born as Maria Amalia Mercouris (October 18, 1920, Athens, Greece – March 6, 1994, New York City, New York) was a Greek actress, singer and politician.
http://wn.com/Melina_Mercouri
Michael Moorer
Michael Lee Moorer (born November 12, 1967) is an American boxer who is a former light heavyweight and heavyweight World Champion.
http://wn.com/Michael_Moorer
Michael Novak
Michael Novak (born 9 September, 1933) is an American Catholic philosopher, journalist, novelist, and diplomat. The author of more than twenty-five books on the philosophy and theology of culture, Novak is most widely known for his book The Spirit of Democratic Capitalism (1982). In 1994 he was awarded the Templeton Prize for Progress in Religion, which included a million-dollar purse awarded at Buckingham Palace. He writes books and articles focused on capitalism, religion, and the politics of democratization.
http://wn.com/Michael_Novak
Michael Peters
Michael Douglas Peters (August 6, 1948 - August 21, 1994) was an American choreographer.
http://wn.com/Michael_Peters
Michael Schumacher
http://wn.com/Michael_Schumacher
Michelangelo
http://wn.com/Michelangelo
Mildred Natwick
http://wn.com/Mildred_Natwick
Minzy
http://wn.com/Minzy
Miss America
The Miss America pageant is a long-standing competition which awards scholarships to young women from the 50 states plus the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands. The winner of the national pageant is awarded the title of "Miss America" for one year.
http://wn.com/Miss_America
Moana Pozzi
Moana Pozzi (27 April 1961 – 15 September 1994), often called simply Moana, was an Italian pornographic actress. She was sometimes credited in the early films as Linda Heveret.
http://wn.com/Moana_Pozzi
Moisés Arias
http://wn.com/Moisés_Arias
Moors Murders
http://wn.com/Moors_Murders
MOSOP
http://wn.com/MOSOP
Myra Hindley
http://wn.com/Myra_Hindley
Nancy Kerrigan
Nancy Ann Kerrigan (born October 13, 1969) is a two-time American Olympic figure skating medalist and 1993 U.S. champion.
http://wn.com/Nancy_Kerrigan
Neal Blaisdell
http://wn.com/Neal_Blaisdell
Neil Bonnett
Lawrence Neil Bonnett (30 July 1946 - 11 February 1994) was a NASCAR driver who compiled 18 victories and 20 poles over his 18-year career. The Alabama native currently ranks 35th in all time NASCAR Cup wins. He appeared in the 1983 film Stroker Ace. He also appeared in the film Days of Thunder, and his #12 Budweiser Chevy is in a flashback. He also was a color commentator in the years up until his death.
http://wn.com/Neil_Bonnett
Nick Cravat
http://wn.com/Nick_Cravat
Nicky Hopkins
Nicholas Christian "Nicky" Hopkins (24 February 1944 – 6 September 1994) was an English pianist and organist.
http://wn.com/Nicky_Hopkins
Nicole Brown Simpson
http://wn.com/Nicole_Brown_Simpson
Niels Kaj Jerne
http://wn.com/Niels_Kaj_Jerne
Nikki Yanofsky
Nicole "Nikki" Yanofsky (born February 8, 1994) is a Canadian jazz-pop singer from Hampstead, Quebec. She looks up to Stevie Wonder, Aretha Franklin, Ella Fitzgerald, The Beatles, Simon and Garfunkel, etc. She loves the era of the 60's and 70's. She has performed internationally at jazz festivals and major concert venues both solo and alongside such artists as Wyclef Jean, Celine Dion, Marvin Hamlisch and The Count Basie Orchestra. She is involved in charitable causes and has released her first studio album on her own label, A440 Entertainment, and on Decca Records outside of Canada. Yanofsky sang Canada's national anthem at the opening ceremonies of the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver. She also performed during the closing ceremonies and the Paralympic opening ceremony.
http://wn.com/Nikki_Yanofsky
Noah Beery, Jr.
Noah Lindsey Beery (August 10, 1913 – November 1, 1994), known professionally as Noah Beery, Jr. or just Noah Beery, was an American actor specializing in warm, friendly character parts similar to the ones played by his uncle Wallace Beery, although Noah Beery, Jr., unlike his uncle, seldom broke away from playing supporting roles. His father, Noah Nicholas Beery (known professionally as Noah Beery or Noah Beery, Sr.), enjoyed a similarly lengthy film career as a supporting actor.
http://wn.com/Noah_Beery_Jr
Nyjah Huston
Nyjah Huston (born November 30, 1994, in Davis, California) is an American professional skateboarder.
http://wn.com/Nyjah_Huston
Olan Soule
Olan Soule (February 28, 1909 – February 1, 1994) was an American character actor with hundreds of credits in films, radio, commercials, television and animation.
http://wn.com/Olan_Soule
Papa John Creech
http://wn.com/Papa_John_Creech
Paul Butcher (actor)
http://wn.com/Paul_Butcher_(actor)
Paul Touvier
Paul Touvier (April 3, 1915 - July 17, 1996) was a French Nazi collaborator. In 1994, he was convicted of crimes against humanity for his actions under Vichy France.
http://wn.com/Paul_Touvier
Pedro Zamora
http://wn.com/Pedro_Zamora
Peter Ledger
Peter Ledger (October 25, 1945, Sydney, Australia - November 18, 1994, Oakhurst, California) was an Australian artist and illustrator. In addition to studying art, he worked with surveying teams in the Australian outback, hunted deer for the government in New Zealand, was a professional scuba diver, a leathermaker and a gourmet cook. He raced motorcycles, flew hot air balloons, was a body builder, and in later years became a private pilot.
http://wn.com/Peter_Ledger
Pierre-Louis Lions
http://wn.com/Pierre-Louis_Lions
Pope John Paul II
http://wn.com/Pope_John_Paul_II
Ralph Ellison
Ralph Waldo Ellison (March 1, 1914 – April 16, 1994) was a novelist, literary critic, scholar and writer. He was born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Ellison is best known for his novel Invisible Man (ISBN 0-679-60139-2), which won the National Book Award in 1953. He also wrote Shadow and Act (1964), a collection of political, social and critical essays, and Going to the Territory (1986).
http://wn.com/Ralph_Ellison
Ramzi Yousef
http://wn.com/Ramzi_Yousef
Randy Shilts
Randy Shilts (August 8, 1951 February 17, 1994) was a pioneering gay American journalist and author. He worked as a freelance reporter for both The Advocate and the San Francisco Chronicle, as well as for San Francisco Bay Area television stations.
http://wn.com/Randy_Shilts
Raquel Castro
http://wn.com/Raquel_Castro
Raul Julia
http://wn.com/Raul_Julia
Red Cross
http://wn.com/Red_Cross
Reinhard Selten
Reinhard Selten (born 5 October 1930) is a German economist.
http://wn.com/Reinhard_Selten
Richard Nixon
Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 – April 22, 1994) was the 37th President of the United States from 1969 to 1974, having formerly been the 36th Vice President of the United States from 1953 to 1961. A member of the Republican Party, he was the only President to resign the office as well as the only person to be elected twice to both the Presidency and the Vice Presidency.
http://wn.com/Richard_Nixon
Richard Scarry
http://wn.com/Richard_Scarry
Risako Sugaya
is a Japanese pop singer, idol, and a member of Japanese musical group Berryz Kobo.
http://wn.com/Risako_Sugaya
Robert Doisneau
http://wn.com/Robert_Doisneau
Roberto Balado
http://wn.com/Roberto_Balado
Roger Wolcott Sperry
http://wn.com/Roger_Wolcott_Sperry
Roland Ratzenberger
Roland Ratzenberger (July 4, 1960 – April 30, 1994) was an Austrian racing driver who died during qualifying for the 1994 San Marino Grand Prix, the same event that saw the death of three-time Formula One world champion Ayrton Senna.
http://wn.com/Roland_Ratzenberger
Ronald Goldman
http://wn.com/Ronald_Goldman
Ronald Reagan
http://wn.com/Ronald_Reagan
Ros Kelly
Ros Kelly AO (born 25 January 1948) was a member of the Australian House of Representatives for the Division of Canberra from 18 October 1980 to 30 January 1995. She was a minister in the governments of Bob Hawke and Paul Keating.
http://wn.com/Ros_Kelly
Rose West
http://wn.com/Rose_West
Rossano Brazzi
Rossano Brazzi (18 September 1916 – 24 December 1994) was an Italian actor.
http://wn.com/Rossano_Brazzi
Royal Dano
http://wn.com/Royal_Dano
Russell Kirk
Russell Kirk (October 19, 1918 – April 29, 1994) was an American political theorist, moralist, historian, social critic, literary critic, and fiction author known for his influence on 20th century American conservatism. His 1953 book, The Conservative Mind, gave shape to the amorphous post-World War II conservative movement. It traced the development of conservative thought in the Anglo-American tradition, giving special importance to the ideas of Edmund Burke. Kirk was also considered the chief proponent of traditionalist conservatism.
http://wn.com/Russell_Kirk
Saoirse Ronan
Saoirse Clodagh Ronan (; roughly ; born 12 April 1994) is an Irish actress. She is known for her roles in films such as Atonement, City of Ember and The Lovely Bones.
http://wn.com/Saoirse_Ronan
Shannon Faulkner
Shannon Faulkner, born in Powdersville, South Carolina, United States, was the first female cadet to enter The Citadel. Faulkner enrolled after a successful lawsuit against the military academy. She joined an otherwise all-male class on August 15, 1995. After four hours of the military indoctrination training, she spent the remainder of the first week in the infirmary before voluntarily resigning, citing emotional and psychological abuse and physical exhaustion. After her departure, the male cadets openly celebrated on the campus.
http://wn.com/Shannon_Faulkner
Shimon Peres
, GCMG (, born Szymon Perski; 2 August 1923) is the ninth and current President of the State of Israel. Peres served twice as the eighth Prime Minister of Israel and once as Interim Prime Minister, and has been a member of 12 cabinets in a political career spanning over 66 years. Peres was elected to the Knesset in November 1959 and, except for a three-month-long hiatus in early 2006, served continuously until 2007, when he became President.
http://wn.com/Shimon_Peres
Shimshon Amitsur
http://wn.com/Shimshon_Amitsur
Shlomo Goren
http://wn.com/Shlomo_Goren
Silvio Berlusconi
(born 29 September 1936 in Milan) is an Italian politician, the current Prime Minister of Italy, as well as a successful entrepreneur. He is the second longest-serving Prime Minister of Italy, a position he has held on three separate occasions: from 1994 to 1995, from 2001 to 2006 and currently since 2008. Technically, Berlusconi has been sworn in four times because after a cabinet reshuffle, as happened with Berlusconi in 2005, the new ministry is sworn in and subjected to a vote of confidence. He is the leader of the People of Freedom political movement, a centre-right party he founded in 2009. As of November 2009, he is the longest-serving current leader of a G8 country. As of 2010, Forbes magazine has ranked him as the 74th richest man in the world with a net worth of USD 9 billion.
http://wn.com/Silvio_Berlusconi
Son Yeon-Jae
http://wn.com/Son_Yeon-Jae
Sorrell Booke
http://wn.com/Sorrell_Booke
Stephen Cole Kleene
http://wn.com/Stephen_Cole_Kleene
Steven Spielberg
Steven Allan Spielberg, (born December 18, 1946) is an American film director, screenwriter, film producer and video game designer. In a career spanning six decades, Spielberg's films have covered many themes and genres. Spielberg's early science-fiction and adventure films were seen as an archetype of modern Hollywood blockbuster filmmaking. In later years, his films began addressing such issues as the Holocaust, slavery, war and terrorism. He is considered one of the most influential filmmakers in the history of cinema. He is also one of the founders of DreamWorks.
http://wn.com/Steven_Spielberg
Stuart Roosa
http://wn.com/Stuart_Roosa
Telly Savalas
http://wn.com/Telly_Savalas
Tim Asch
http://wn.com/Tim_Asch
Tip O'Neill
'''Thomas Phillip "Tip" O'Neill, Jr. '''(December 9, 1912–January 5, 1994) was an American politician. O'Neill was an outspoken liberal Democrat and influential member of the U.S. Congress, serving in the House of Representatives for 34 years and representing two congressional districts of Massachusetts. He was the Speaker of the House from 1977 until his retirement in 1987, making him the second longest-serving Speaker in U.S. history after Sam Rayburn, and the longest consecutive serving Speaker.
http://wn.com/Tip_O'Neill
Tom Ewell
http://wn.com/Tom_Ewell
Tom Villard
http://wn.com/Tom_Villard
Tonya Harding
Tonya Maxene Harding (born November 12, 1970) is an American figure skating champion. In 1991 she won the U.S. Figure Skating Championships and placed second in the World Championships. She was the second woman, and the first American woman, to complete a triple axel jump in competition.
http://wn.com/Tonya_Harding
Tutsi
Tutsi (; ) are an ethnic group in Central Africa. They are the second largest population of peoples in Rwanda and Burundi, the other two being the Hutu (largest) and the Twa (smallest).
http://wn.com/Tutsi
Ulrike Maier
Ulrike Maier (22 October 1967 – 29 January 1994) was an Austrian alpine skier, two-time Super-G World Alpine Ski Champion.
http://wn.com/Ulrike_Maier
Valeri Polyakov
__NOTOC__
http://wn.com/Valeri_Polyakov
Vladimir Meciar
http://wn.com/Vladimir_Meciar
Walter Havighurst
Walter Edwin Havighurst (November 28, 1901 - February 3, 1994), critic, novelist, literary and social historian of the Midwest, professor of English at Miami University.
http://wn.com/Walter_Havighurst
Walter Lantz
Walter Benjamin Lantz (April 27, 1899 – March 22, 1994) was an American cartoonist, animator, film producer, and director, best known for founding Walter Lantz Productions and creating Woody Woodpecker.
http://wn.com/Walter_Lantz
Whoopi Goldberg
Whoopi Goldberg (; born Caryn Elaine Johnson; November 13, 1955) is an American comedian, actress, singer-songwriter, political activist, and talk show host.
http://wn.com/Whoopi_Goldberg
William J. Perry
http://wn.com/William_J_Perry
William Perry
http://wn.com/William_Perry
Wilma Rudolph
Wilma Glodean Rudolph (June 23, 1940 – November 12, 1994) was an American athlete. Rudolph was considered the fastest woman in the world in the 1960s and competed in two Olympic Games, in 1956 and in 1960.
http://wn.com/Wilma_Rudolph
Witold Lutosławski
http://wn.com/Witold_Lutosławski
Yasser Arafat
http://wn.com/Yasser_Arafat
Yitzhak Rabin
http://wn.com/Yitzhak_Rabin
Yuma Nakayama
(born January 13, 1994) is a Japanese actor and singer. He is a member of the J-pop groups Yuma Nakayama w/B.I.Shadow and Hey!Say!7 West from Johnny's Entertainment, also a former member of TOP KIDS.
http://wn.com/Yuma_Nakayama

1994 - Jason Aldean [Night Train]

1994 - Jason Aldean Off the new album "Night Train" 2012...

published: 15 Oct 2012

author: 904camrock

1994: "Today": "What is the Internet, Anyway?"

Some confusion is obvious on the set of NBC's "Today" show, regarding the Internet and the...

published: 29 Jan 2011

author: VortexTech

Tablet Newspaper (1994)

www.paleofuture.com This video was originally uploaded to Google Video on May 13, 2007. Lo...

published: 23 Apr 2011

author: Matt Novak

Oasis - Live Forever Glastonbury 1994

What a performance!!!! Liam looks and sounds amazing here!...

published: 12 Dec 2008

author: LylaRox

Plano East-John Tyler 1994 Football

Amazing ending to a 1994 High School football game, Plano East down 41-17 with 3 minutes t...

published: 13 Oct 2006

author: jodyvancevids

Salt 'N' Pepa - Whatta Man 1994 (feat. En Vogue)

From the album Very Necessary, video directed by Matthew Rolston Label Next Plateau/London...

published: 28 Apr 2009

author: 99995555558888888

June 17th 1994: The Ford Bronco chase with OJ

OJ is in the Ford Bronco talking to a 911 operator as he holds a gun to his head...

published: 16 Jun 2010

author: ESPN

The Cranberries - Dreams (live at Woodstock 1994)

The Cranberries play Dreams (live @ Woodstock Festival, Saugerties NY, USA - August 13th, ...

published: 22 Jan 2007

author: Irishset

Beastie Boys "Sabotage" - MTV Music Video Awards 1994 (RIP MCA)

...

published: 14 Aug 2009

author: djyanno

Whitney Houston - I have nothing (South Africa, 1994)

A great performance... the best in my opinion. She was amazing!!! Enjoy it!...

published: 14 May 2007

author: demunari

NANCY KERRIGAN ATTACK DETROIT 1994

Nancy Kerrigan was clubbed on her knee in January 1994, since then the world of figure ska...

published: 02 Feb 2007

author: lillehammer1994

Roger Daltrey & John Entwistle - The Real Me 1994

Roger Daltrey - The Real Me @ Carnegie Hall, New York, NY, USA, 24 February 1994. The band...

published: 09 Jun 2009

author: ShorthandedGoal

Tina Turner Simply The Best Live 1994

Tina Turner Simply The Best Live 1994...

published: 28 Jul 2008

author: theravenphoenix665

Mazzy Star - Fade Into You (1994)

[1994]...

published: 30 Jul 2007

author: VoxxVid

Everything Is A Remix: KILL BILL

An extrapolation on the "One Last Thing" from Kirby Ferguson's web series Everything Is A ...

published: 02 Feb 2011

author: robgwilson.com

Everything Is A Remix: THE MATRIX

EVERYTHINGISAREMIX.INFO ROBGWILSON.COM EDITED BY Robert Grigsby Wilson PRODUCED BY Kirby...

published: 03 Oct 2011

author: robgwilson.com

Nine Inch Nails: Closer (Uncensored) (1994)

"Closer" music video, directed by Mark Romanek....

published: 10 Mar 2009

author: Nine Inch Nails

Tarantino vs Coen Brothers

http://leandrocopperfield.blogspot.com/ (Other videos mashups) 10 days, 17 films and 1 t...

published: 29 Mar 2010

author: Leandro Copperfield

<li class="playlistitemli thumbnail border_color">
        <div class="video_facebook">
            <a href="http://web.archive.org./web/20121112044010/http://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=http://wn.com/1994&t=<%= title %>" title="Share this video" data-title="Share this video" target="_blank" style="target-name: new; target-new: tab;"></a>
        </div>

Photo: AP / Mohammad Hussain

American citizens, hold a banner during a peace march organized by Pakistan's cricket star turned politician Imran Khan's party, not pictured, in Tank, Pakistan, Sunday, Oct. 7, 2012.

Obama's Audacity of Terror against Pakistan

WorldNews.com

11 Nov 2012

Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling Acts of terror that strikes fear in the hearts and minds of people, such as unexpected and secretive deadly drone strikes, are always wars against hope....

Chat

Photo: AP / Charles Dharapak

The Capitol dome is seen at rear as Chinese and U.S. flags are displayed in Washington, Tuesday, Jan. 18, 2011, ahead of the arrival of China's President Hu Jintao for a state visit hosted by President Barack Obama.

Report: China, India to Overtake U.S. Economy

US News

09 Nov 2012

Our children and grandchildren will live in a vastly different global economy China and India have ramped up investment in public education, increasing high school attendance and graduation rates....

Chat

Photo: AP / Khin Maung Win

Ethnic Rakhine people take refugee at a relief camp, in Mrauk U, in Rakhine state, western Myanmar, Thursday, Nov. 8, 2012.

Displaced and divided in Burma's Rakhine

BBC News

09 Nov 2012

In recent months, communal violence in Burma's Rakhine state has left about 140 people dead and forced more than 100,000 from their homes. With Buddhist and Muslim communities effectively...

Chat

Photo: US Army / by Pfc. Cameron Boyd

File - U.S. Soldiers with 2nd Battalion, 327th Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division return fire during a firefight with Taliban forces in Barawala Kalay Valley in Kunar province, Afghanistan, March 31, 2011.

Pakistan urges all Afghan insurgents to pursue peace: ambassador

CNBC

11 Nov 2012

KABUL (Reuters) - Pakistan hopes to persuade Afghan insurgent groups, including the lethal Haqqani network, to pursue peace but worries resistance from political factions opposed to the Taliban could...

Chat

Photo: AP / Stewart Wilson/Invision/AP

Dame Judi Dench arrives at the world premiere of Skyfall James Bond 007 at the Royal Albert Hall on Tuesday, Oct. 23, 2012 in London.

As mom to Bond, Judi Dench reflects on her 007 reign

Boston Herald

09 Nov 2012

NEW YORK — Nothing is so much of a boys’ club as a James Bond movie. That is, except when Judi Dench is on screen. As MI6 head M, Dench has been the Bond matriarch: the strong-willed,...

Chat

Timeline:
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001

'Homeland': Love in 'The Clearing': 'Used and played and lied to' 12 Nov 2012

Entertainment Weekly Wanting someone who wants you, but it just can’t happen. Circumstances — marriage, family, professional responsibilities — keep you apart. Wondering what it would be like if you were together. Would the things that lend your attraction urgency — that tinge of crazy love, an...(size: 5.7Kb)

New World sausages come out on top in national competition 12 Nov 2012

Scoop Monday, 12 November 2012, 5:12 pm Press Release: New World Media Release 12 November 2012 New World sausages come out on top in national competition New World butcheries across the country are sizzling with success after scooping up 12 awards across seven stores at the 2012 Devro New Zealand Sausage...(size: 3.6Kb)

T.S. Eliot's widow dies at 86 12 Nov 2012

Deccan Chronicle Valerie Eliot, the widow of T.S. Eliot and zealous guardian of the poet’s literary legacy for almost half a century, has died. She was 86. In a statement Sunday, the Eliot estate said Valerie Eliot died two days before at her London home after a short illness. Born Valerie Fletcher in Leeds,...(size: 2.8Kb)

The Culture War and the Jobs Crisis 12 Nov 2012

The New York Times Struggling to remain optimistic the day after the election, the anti-abortion activist Charles A. Donovan, president of the Charlotte Lozier Institute, argued that the moral collapse he sees in the re-election of President Obama and in Democratic Senate victories is only a temporary setback. On the...(size: 19.5Kb)

NEWS ANALYSIS: Foreign-owned security firms bide time while bill is redrafted 12 Nov 2012

Business Day Related articles Need to improve oversight of security officers In this article Other organisations: Department of State Security People: Siyabonga Cwele WHEN a ban on foreign ownership of private security companies in South Africa was first mooted back in 2001, the reasons for such a move were...(size: 4.5Kb)

Not so jolly hockey if there are no sticks 12 Nov 2012

Business Day THE career choice for Allistar Fredericks really was a no-brainer. Become a fitter and turner with De Beers and live an uneventful life in Kimberley, or become an Olympic hockey player and see the world. At 22, in the heart of the mining industry, Fredericks knew his talent for hockey could herald a...(size: 6.7Kb)

Sing to Me, Muse, the South African Word for 'Spear' 12 Nov 2012

Wall Street Journal By PATRICK MCGROARTY GREYTON, South Africa—The "Iliad" has been translated into dozens of languages, including more than 70 versions in English, over the past four centuries, by scholars, poets and even a British prime minister. Only one has the word "braai," South African for barbecue. The...(size: 7.5Kb)

Cairn JV to invest $100 million to drill deeper well in KG basin 12 Nov 2012

The Times of India HYDERABAD: Cairn India and its joint venture partners of Ravva fields are planning to invest about USD 100 million to drill a deeper well in the Krishna-Godavari basin. The JV plans to drill the exploration well to 4,000 meters deep, and estimates that the deepwater prospect in the Ravva Oil Fields...(size: 2.3Kb)

Razip to get back-dated salary this week 12 Nov 2012

New Straits/Business Times RAZIP Ismail is due to take over as coach of Young Tigers B, the national Under-19 squad, but he does so with bitter-sweet feelings after leaving Kuala Lumpur having not been paid his salary for the last three months. A one-team man for much of his life, Razip was with KL for his entire playing...(size: 3.0Kb)

GOLF: Inbee in command in Mexico 12 Nov 2012

New Straits/Business Times GUADALAJARA (Mexico): Park Inbee, seeking a third victory of the year and trying to catch Stacy Lewis in the LPGA Player of the Year race, seized a two-shot lead at the Lorena Ochoa Invitational on Saturday. The South Korean had six birdies -- three on...(size: 1.7Kb)

Which side are you on? 12 Nov 2012

New Straits/Business Times Actor Jonathan LaPaglia shares insights into the intriguing drama The Slap 1 / 1 BASED on the best-selling novel by Christos Tsiolkas, the eight-part one-hour drama, The Slap, traces the shattering repercussions of a single event upon a group of family and friends. It is a searing and...(size: 7.4Kb)

T.S. Eliot's widow Valerie Eliot dies at 86 12 Nov 2012

Jakarta Post In this Wednesday, Aug. 11, 2004 file photo Valerie Elliot, the widow of the late British poet T.S. Eliot, with Mary de Rachewiltz,, daughter of late U.S. poet Ezra Pound, not in photo. after Rachewiltz unveiled an English Heritage Blue Plaque to commemorate the house on London's Kensington Church...(size: 3.5Kb)

Wish You Were Here welcomes Columbus to the machine 12 Nov 2012

The Examiner Related topics Pink FloydWish You Were HereRoger WatersDavid GilmourNewport Music Hall Rating for Wish You Were Here at The Newport Music Hall in Columbus, OH on 11/10/12. 5 Advertisement Pink Floyd. Where would rock music be without the 14 albums worth of music that the British group put out...(size: 12.8Kb)

timeline:
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001

This article is about the year 1994. For the number (and other uses), see 1994 (number).

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	19th century – 20th century – 21st century
Decades:	1960s 1970s 1980s – 1990s – 2000s 2010s 2020s
Years:	1991 1992 1993 – 1994 – 1995 1996 1997

1994 by topic:
Subject
Archaeology Architecture Art Aviation Awards Comics Film Home video Literature (Poetry) Meteorology Music (Country, Heavy metal) Rail transport Radio Science Spaceflight Sports Television Video gaming
By country
Australia Canada People's Republic of China Ecuador France Germany Greece India Ireland Israel Italy Japan Luxembourg Malaysia Mexico New Zealand Norway Pakistan Philippines Russia Singapore South Africa United Kingdom United States Zimbabwe
Leaders
Sovereign states State leaders Religious leaders Law
Birth and death categories
Births Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments Disestablishments
Works and introductions categories
Works Introductions
v t e

1994 in other calendars
Gregorian calendar	1994 MCMXCIV
Ab urbe condita	2747
Armenian calendar	1443 ԹՎ ՌՆԽԳ
Assyrian calendar	6744
Bahá'í calendar	150–151
Bengali calendar	1401
Berber calendar	2944
British Regnal year	42 Eliz. 2 – 43 Eliz. 2
Buddhist calendar	2538
Burmese calendar	1356
Byzantine calendar	7502–7503
Chinese calendar	癸酉年十一月二十日 (4630/4690-11-20) — to — 甲戌年十一月廿九日 (4631/4691-11-29)
Coptic calendar	1710–1711
Ethiopian calendar	1986–1987
Hebrew calendar	5754–5755
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	2050–2051
- Shaka Samvat	1916–1917
- Kali Yuga	5095–5096
Holocene calendar	11994
Iranian calendar	1372–1373
Islamic calendar	1414–1415
Japanese calendar	Heisei 6 (平成6年)
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 13 days
Korean calendar	4327
Minguo calendar	ROC 83 民國83年
Thai solar calendar	2537
Unix time	757382400–788918399
This box: view talk edit

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: 1994

1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year that started on a Saturday. In the Gregorian calendar, it was the 1994th year of the Common Era, or of Anno Domini; the 994th year of the 2nd millennium; the 94th year of the 20th century; and the 5th of the 1990s. The year 1994 was designated as the "International Year of the Family" and the "International Year of Sport and the Olympic Ideal" by the United Nations.

Events [link]

January [link]

January 1
- The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is established.
- The Zapatista Army of National Liberation begins their war in Chiapas, Mexico.
January 6 – In Detroit, Michigan, Nancy Kerrigan is clubbed on the right leg by an assailant, under orders from figure skating rival Tonya Harding's ex-husband.
January 8 – Soyuz TM-18: Valeri Polyakov begins his 437.7 day orbit, eventually setting the world record for days spent in orbit.
January 11
- The Irish government announces the end of a 15-year broadcasting ban on the Provisional Irish Republican Army and its political arm Sinn Féin.
- The Superhighway Summit is held at UCLA's Royce Hall. It is the first conference to discuss the growing information superhighway and is presided over by U.S. Vice President Al Gore.
January 14 – U.S. President Bill Clinton and Russian President Boris Yeltsin sign the Kremlin Accords, which stop the preprogrammed aiming of nuclear missiles toward each country's targets, and also provide for the dismantling of the nuclear arsenal in Ukraine.
January 15 – The SS American Star breaks tow in the Atlantic Ocean and is beached at Fuerteventura in the Canary Islands a few days later.
January 17 – The 1994 Northridge earthquake, magnitude 6.7, hits the San Fernando Valley of Los Angeles at 4:31 a.m., killing 72 and leaving 26,029 homeless.
January 19 – Record cold temperatures hit the eastern United States. The coldest temperature ever measured in Indiana state history, −36°F (−38°C), is recorded in New Whiteland, Indiana.
January 20 – In South Carolina, Shannon Faulkner becomes the first female cadet to attend The Citadel, but soon drops out.
January 21 – Lorena Bobbitt is found not guilty by reason of insanity on charges of mutilating her husband John.
January 25 – U.S. President Bill Clinton delivers his first State of the Union address, calling for health care reform, a ban on assault weapons, and welfare reform.
January 26 – A man fires 2 blank shots at Charles, Prince of Wales in Sydney, Australia.

February [link]

William Perry

February 1 – In Portland, Oregon, Tonya Harding's ex-husband Jeff Gillooly pleads guilty for his role in attacking figure skater Nancy Kerrigan. He accepts a plea bargain, admitting to racketeering charges in exchange for testimony against Harding.
February 3 – William J. Perry is sworn in as the United States Secretary of Defense.
February 4 – The Federal Open Market Committee raises the Fed Funds target rate for the first time since May 1989. The rate is raised by 25 basis points to 3¼ percent [1].
February 5 – Byron De La Beckwith is convicted of the 1963 murder of civil rights leader Medgar Evers.
February 6 – Markale massacres: A Bosnian Serb Army mortar shell kills 68 civilians and wounds about 200 in a Sarajevo marketplace.
February 9 – The Vance-Owen Peace plan for Bosnia and Herzegovina is announced.
February 12
- Edvard Munch's painting "The Scream" is stolen in Oslo (and is recovered on May 7).
- The 1994 Winter Olympics begin in Lillehammer.
February 22 – Aldrich Ames and his wife are charged with spying for the Soviet Union by the United States Department of Justice. Ames is later convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment; his wife receives 5 years in prison.
February 24 – In Gloucester, local police begin excavations at 25 Cromwell Street, the home of Fred West, a suspect in multiple murders. On February 28, he and his wife are arrested.
February 25 – Israeli Kahanist Baruch Goldstein opens fire inside the Cave of the Patriarchs in the West Bank; he kills 29 Muslims before worshippers beat him to death.
February 27 – Australian Federal Sports & Environment Minister Ros Kelly resigns over "The Sports Rorts Affair", where it was alleged that she apportioned money for community sporting projects in a pork barreling fashion.
February 28 – 4 United States F-16s shoot down 4 Serbian J-21s over Bosnia and Herzegovina for violation of the Operation Deny Flight and its no-fly zone.

March [link]

Mary Ellen Withrow

March 1
- A lone terrorist kills Ari Halberstam during an attack on 14 Jewish students on the Brooklyn Bridge in New York City. [2]
- South Africa cedes Walvis Bay to Namibia.
- Mary Ellen Withrow begins her term of office as Treasurer of the United States, serving under President Bill Clinton.
March 6 – A referendum in Moldova results in the electorate voting against possible reunification with Romania.
March 7 – Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc.: The Supreme Court of the United States rules that parodies of an original work are generally covered by the doctrine of fair use.
March 12
- A photo by Marmaduke Wetherell, previously touted as 'proof' of the Loch Ness monster, is confirmed to be a hoax.
- The Church of England ordains its first female priests.
March 14 – Apple Computer, Inc. releases the first Macintosh computers to use the new PowerPC Microprocessors. This is considered to be a major leap in personal computer, as well as Macintosh history.
March 15 – U.S. troops are withdrawn from Somalia.
March 16 – In Portland, Oregon, Tonya Harding pleads guilty to conspiracy to hinder prosecution for trying to cover-up an attack on figure skating rival Nancy Kerrigan. She is fined $100,000 and banned from the sport.
March 20 – Italian journalist Ilaria Alpi and TV cameraman Miran Hrovatin are assassinated in Somalia.
March 21 – The 66th Academy Awards, hosted by Whoopi Goldberg, are held at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles, California. Steven Spielberg's Holocaust drama, Schindler's List, wins 7 Oscars including Best Picture and Best Director (Spielberg).
March 23 – Green Ramp disaster: Two military aircraft collide over Pope Air Force Base, North Carolina causing 24 fatalities.
March 27
- TV tycoon Silvio Berlusconi's right-wing coalition wins the Italian general election.
- The biggest tornado outbreak in 1994 occurs in the southeastern United States; 1 tornado hits a Goshen United Methodist Church in Piedmont, Alabama, killing 22 people.
- The Eurofighter takes its first flight in Manching, Germany.
March 28 – Shell House Massacre: Inkatha Freedom Party and ANC supporters battle in central Johannesburg South Africa.
March 31 – The journal Nature reports the finding in Ethiopia of the first complete Australopithecus afarensis skull (see Human evolution).

April [link]

April 6 – Rwandan President Juvénal Habyarimana and Burundi President Cyprien Ntaryamira die when a missile shoots down their jet near Kigali, Rwanda. This is taken as a pretext to begin the Rwandan Genocide.
April 7
- The Rwandan Genocide begins in Kigali, Rwanda.
- FedEx Flight 705 experiences an attempted suicidal hiajcking. The crew manages to subdue the attacker and land at the airport.
April 8
- Michelangelo's Universal Judgement is reopened to the public after 10 years of restorations.
- Kurt Cobain, songwriter and frontman for the band Nirvana, is found dead at his Lake Washington home, apparently of a single self-inflicted gunshot wound.
April 16 – Voters in Finland decide to join the European Union in a referendum.
April 20 – Paul Touvier is found guilty of ordering the execution of 7 Jews when he served in the Vichy France Milice.
April 21 – The Red Cross estimates that hundreds of thousands of Tutsi have been killed in Rwanda.
April 25
- Sultan Azlan Muhibbudin Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Yusuff Izzudin Shah Ghafarullahu-lahu ends his term as the 9th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia.
- The largest high school arson ever in the United States is started at Burnsville High School, in Burnsville, Minnesota, resulting in over 15 million dollars in damages. The same arsonist also goes on to set arsons at Edina High School and Minnetonka High School. [3]
April 26
- Tuanku Jaafar ibni Almarhum Tuanku Abdul Rahman, Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan, becomes the 10th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia.
- China Airlines Flight 140, an Airbus A300, crashes while landing at Nagoya, Japan, killing 264 people.
April 27 – South Africa holds its first fully multiracial elections, marking the final end of apartheid.
April 29 – Commodore International declares bankruptcy.
April 30 – Formula One driver Roland Ratzenberger is killed while qualifying for the 1994 San Marino Grand Prix.

May [link]

May 1 – Three-time Formula One world champion Ayrton Senna is killed in an accident during the San Marino Grand Prix in Imola, Italy.
May 5 – The Bishkek Protocol between Armenia and Azerbaijan was signed, effectively freezing the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.
May 6 – The Channel Tunnel, which took 15,000 workers over 7 years to complete, opens between England and France, enabling passengers to travel between the 2 countries in 35 minutes.
May 10
- Nelson Mandela is inaugurated as South Africa's first black president.
- Illinois executes serial killer John Wayne Gacy by lethal injection for the murder of 33 young men and boys.
- An annular eclipse of the sun is visible across much of North America.
May 12 – Ice hockey becomes Canada's official winter sport.
May 17 – Malawi holds its first multiparty elections.
May 20 – After a funeral in Cluny Parish Church, Edinburgh attended by 900 people and after which 3,000 people lined the streets, John Smith is buried in a private family funeral on the island of Iona, at the sacred burial ground of Reilig Odhráin, which contains the graves of several Scottish kings as well as monarchs of Ireland, Norway and France.^[1]
May 21 – Italian former minister and Christian Democrat leader Giulio Andreotti is accused of Mafia allegiance by the court of Palermo.
May 22 – Pope John Paul II issues the Apostolic Letter Ordinatio Sacerdotalis from the Vatican, expounding the Catholic Church's position requiring "the reservation of priestly ordination to men alone."

June [link]

June 6–June 8 – Ceasefire negotiations for the Yugoslav War begin in Geneva; they agree to a 1-month cessation of hostilities (which does not last more than a few days).
June 12 – Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman are murdered outside the Simpson home in Los Angeles, California. O.J. Simpson is later acquitted of the killings, but is held liable in a civil suit.
June 14 – Hacker Kevin Poulsen pleads guilty to 7 counts of mail fraud, wire and computer fraud, money laundering, and obstruction of justice.
June 14 – The New York Rangers win the Stanley Cup, in 7 Games over the Vancouver Canucks. It was New York's first Stanley Cup since 1940.
June 15 – Israel and the Vatican establish full diplomatic relations.
June 17 – NFL star O.J. Simpson and his friend Al Cowlings flee from police in his white Ford Bronco. The low-speed chase ends at Simpson's Brentwood, Los Angeles, California mansion, where he surrenders.
June 23 – The International Olympic Committee celebrates their first centennial.
June 24 – U.S. Air Force pilot Bud Holland crashes a B-52 in Fairchild Air Force Base, Washington as a result of pilot error.
June 28 – Members of the Aum Shinrikyo cult release a sarin gas attack at Matsumoto, Japan, killing 7 and injuring 660.
June 30 – An Airbus A330 crashes during a test flight near Toulouse, France, where Airbus is based, killing the seven-person crew. The test was meant to simulate an engine failure at low speed with maximum angle of climb.

July [link]

Brown spots mark impact sites of the Shoemaker-Levy Comet on Jupiter's southern hemisphere.

July 2 – Colombian footballer Andrés Escobar, 27, is shot dead in Medellín. His murder is commonly attributed as retaliation for the own goal Escobar scored in the 1994 FIFA World Cup against the United States.
July 6 – Fourteen firefighters die in the South Canyon wildfire on Storm King Mountain in Colorado. The event inspires the 1999 book Fire on the Mountain.
July 7 – 1994 civil war in Yemen: Aden is occupied by troops from North Yemen.
July 15–July 21 – The planet Jupiter is hit by 21 large fragments of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 over the course of 6 days.
July 17 – Brazil wins the 1994 FIFA World Cup, defeating Italy by 3–2 in penalties (full time 0–0).
July 18 – In Buenos Aires, a terrorist attack destroys a building housing several Jewish organizations, killing 85 and injuring many more (see AMIA Bombing).
July 19 – Four 26-pound ceiling tiles fall from the roof of the Kingdome in Seattle, Washington, just hours before a scheduled Seattle Mariners game.
July 20 – Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9's Fragment Q1 hits Jupiter.
July 25 – Israel and Jordan sign the Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace, which formally ends the state of war that has existed between the nations since 1948.

August [link]

August 1
- Fire destroys the Norwich Central Library in the United Kingdom, including most of its historical records.
- The University of London founds the School of Advanced Study, a group of postgraduate research institutes.
August 5 – Groups of protesters spread from Havana, Cuba's Castillo de la Punta ("Point Castle"), creating the first protests against Fidel Castro's government since 1959.
August 12
- The 1994–95 Major League Baseball strike is called, ending the 1994 MLB Season
- Woodstock '94 begins in Saugerties, New York. It is the 25-year anniversary of Woodstock in 1969.
August 18 – Irish mobster Martin Cahill is assassinated in Dublin.
August 20 – In Honolulu, Hawaii, during a circus international performance, an elephant named Tyke crushes her trainer Allen Campbell to death before hundreds of horrified spectators, at the Neal Blaisdell Arena.
August 23 – Eugene Bullard is posthumously commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in the United States Air Force, 33 years after his death, and 77 years to the day after his rejection for U.S. military service in 1917.
August 31
- The Provisional Irish Republican Army announces a "complete cessation of military operations."
- The Russian army leaves Estonia.

September [link]

September 3 – Cold War: Russia and the People's Republic of China agree to de-target their nuclear weapons against each other.
September 4 – Kansai International Airport in Osaka, Japan opens. All international services are transferred from Itami to Kansai.
September 5 – New South Wales State MP for Cabramatta John Newman is shot outside his home, in Australia's first political assassination since 1977.
September 8 – USAir Flight 427, a Boeing 737 with 132 people on board, crashes on approach to Pittsburgh International Airport; there are no survivors.
September 10 – Wollemia nobilis (the 'Wollemi Pine'), previously known only from fossils, is discovered living in remote rainforest gorges in the Wollemi National Park of New South Wales by canyoner David Noble, 150 km from Australia's largest city.^[2]
September 13 – President Bill Clinton signs the Assault Weapons Ban, which bans the manufacture of new weapons with certain features for a period of 10 years.
September 16 – Danish tour guide Louise Jensen is abducted, raped and murdered by three British soldiers in Cyprus.^[3]
September 17 – Heather Whitestone becomes the first hearing impaired contestant to win the Miss America entitlement. Whitestone becomes Miss America 1995.
September 19 – American troops stage a bloodless invasion of Haiti in order to restore the legitimate elected leader, Jean-Bertrand Aristide, to power.
September 28 – The car ferry MS Estonia sinks in the Baltic Sea, killing 852 people.
September 28 – Jose Francisco Ruiz Massieu, Mexican politician, is assassinated on orders of Raul Salinas de Gortari.
September–October – Iraq disarmament crisis: Iraq threatens to stop cooperating with UNSCOM inspectors and begins to once again deploy troops near its border with Kuwait. In response, the U.S. begins to deploy troops to Kuwait.

October [link]

October 1
- In Slovakia, populist leader Vladimir Meciar wins the general election.
- Palau gains independence from the United Nations Trusteeship Council
October 4 – In Switzerland, 23 members of the Order of the Solar Temple cult are found dead, a day after 25 of their fellow cultists are similarly discovered in Morin Heights, Quebec.
October 5 – UNESCO inaugurates World Teachers' Day to celebrate and commemorate the signing of the Recommendation Concerning the Status of Teachers on October 5, 1966.
October 8 – Iraq disarmament crisis: The President of the United Nations Security Council says that Iraq must withdraw its troops from the Kuwait border, and immediately cooperate with weapons inspectors.
October 12 – NASA loses radio contact with the Magellan spacecraft as the probe descends into the thick atmosphere of Venus (the spacecraft presumably burned up in the atmosphere either October 13 or October 14).
October 15
- After 3 years of U.S. exile, Haiti's president Aristide returns to his country.
- Iraq disarmament crisis: Following threats by the U.N. Security Council and the U.S., Iraq withdraws troops from its border with Kuwait.
October 29 – Francisco Martin Duran fires over 2 dozen shots at the White House; he is later convicted of trying to kill President Bill Clinton.
October 31
- American Eagle Flight 4184 ATR 72 crashes in Roselawn, Indiana, after circling in icy weather, killing 64 passengers.
- The Duke of Edinburgh attends a ceremony in Israel, where his late mother, Princess Alice of Battenberg (Princess Andrew of Greece), is honoured as "Righteous among the Nations" for sheltering Jewish families from the Nazis in Athens, during World War II.

November [link]

November 3
- A French magazine publishes photo of President François Mitterrand's secret daughter.
- The Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 is enacted in the UK. The whole of Part V, which covers collective trespass and nuisance on land, includes sections against raves, including the "succession of repetitive beats" definition.
November 4
- San Francisco: The first conference devoted entirely to the subject of the commercial potential of the World Wide Web opens. Featured speakers include Marc Andreessen of Netscape, Mark Graham of Pandora Systems, and Ken McCarthy of E-Media.
- Sydney's third runway opens, ensuring protests about noise levels.
November 5
- A letter by former U.S. President Ronald Reagan, announcing that he has Alzheimer's disease, is released.
- George Foreman wins the WBA and IBF World Heavyweight Championships by KO'ing Michael Moorer becoming the oldest heavyweight champion in history.
- Johan Heyns, an influential Afrikaner theologian and critic of apartheid, is assassinated.
November 6 – A flood in Piedmont, Italy, kills dozens of people.
November 7 – WXYC, the student radio station of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, provides the world's first internet radio broadcast.
November 8 – Georgia Representative Newt Gingrich leads the United States Republican Party in taking control of both the House of Representatives and the Senate in midterm congressional elections, the first time in 40 years the Republicans secure control of both houses of Congress. George W. Bush is elected Governor of Texas.
November 13
- Voters in Sweden decide to join the European Union in a referendum.
- The first passengers travel through the Channel Tunnel.
- Michael Schumacher wins his first Formula One World Championship in controversial circumstances at the Australian Grand Prix.
November 16 – A Federal judge issues a temporary restraining order, prohibiting the State of California from implementing Proposition 187, that would have denied most public services to illegal aliens.
November 19 – Malawi recognizes the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR).
November 20 – The Angolan government and UNITA rebels sign the Lusaka Protocol.
November 28 – Voters in Norway decide not to join the European Union in a referendum.
November 30 – The National Football League announces that the Jacksonville Jaguars will become the league's 30th franchise.

December [link]

December 1 – Ernesto Zedillo takes office as President of Mexico.
December 2 – The Australian government agrees to pay reparations to indigenous Australians who were displaced during the nuclear tests at Maralinga in the 1950s and 1960s.
December 11
- Russian president Boris Yeltsin orders troops into Chechnya.
- A small bomb explodes on Philippine Airlines Flight 434, killing a Japanese businessman. The bombing was a field test done by Ramzi Yousef to test explosives that would have been used in Project Bojinka.
December 13
- The trial of former President Mengistu begins in Ethiopia.
- Fred West, 53, a builder living in Gloucester, is remanded in custody, charged with murdering 12 people (including two of his own daughters) whose bodies are mostly found buried at his house in Cromwell Street. His wife Rose West, 41, is charged with 10 murders. Police believe that the murders took place between 1967 and 1987, and suspect that they may have killed up to 30 people.
December 14
- A Learjet piloted by Richard Anderson and Brad Sexton misses an elementary school and crashes into an apartment complex in Fresno, California, killing both pilots and injuring several apartment residents.
- A runaway Santa Fe freight train rear ends a Union Pacific train at the bottom of Cajon Pass, California.
- British Home Secretary Michael Howard announces that Myra Hindley will serve a whole life tariff for the Moors Murders of the 1960s.
December 15 – The first version of web browser Netscape Navigator is released.
December 19
- A planned exchange rate correction of the Mexican Peso to the US Dollar, becomes a massive financial meltdown in Mexico, unleashing the 'Tequila' effect on global financial markets. This prompts a US$ 50 billion 'bailout' by the Clinton Administration.
- The Whitewater scandal investigation begins in Washington, DC.
- Civil unions between homosexuals are legalized in Sweden.
December 26 – French anti-terrorist police storm a hijacked jet at Marseille and kill 4 Islamist terrorists.
December 31 is skipped by the Phoenix Islands to switch from the UTC−11 time zone to UTC+13, and by the Line Islands to switch from UTC−10 to UTC+14. The latter becomes the earliest time zone in the world, one full day ahead of Hawaii.

Date unknown [link]

Tropical Storm Alberto and Hurricane Gordon cause very damaging floods, intense winds and extensive problems directly over the Southeastern United States and the Caribbean Islands. The death tolls are unusually severe and damages are extreme in both tropical storms.

Pyroclastic flows – clouds of scalding gas, pumice, and ash – rapidly descend an erupting Mount Merapi volcano in central Java, causing sixty deaths.

Births [link]

January–March [link]

January 13 – Yuma Nakayama, Japanese actor and singer
January 14 – Kai, South Korean singer
January 18 – Gong Minji, South Korean idol singer, rapper and dancer
January 23 – Kwak Min-Jeong, South Korean figure skater
February 8 – Nikki Yanofsky, Canadian singer
February 14
- Allie Grant, American actress
- Paul Butcher, American actor
February 23
- Chimi Wangmo, Bhutanese athlete
- Dakota Fanning, American actress

Hou Yifan

February 27 – Hou Yifan, Chinese chess player
March 1 – Justin Bieber, Canadian pop/R&B singer
March 5 – Aislinn Paul, Canadian actress
March 7 – Christina Gao, American figure skater

Dakota Blue Richards

April–June [link]

April 4 – Risako Sugaya, Japanese singer
April 11 – Dakota Blue Richards, English actress
April 12
- Oh Se-hun, South Korean singer
- Saoirse Ronan, Irish actress
- Airi Suzuki, Japanese singer
April 14 – Skyler Samuels, American actress
April 18 – Moisés Arias, American actor
May 4 – Alexander Gould, American actor and voice artist
May 21 – Tom Daley, British diver
May 28 – Son Yeon-Jae South Korean rhythmic gymnast
June 11 – Ivana Baquero, Spanish actress

July–September [link]

July 6 – Camilla and Rebecca Rosso, English twin actresses
July 9 – Akiane Kramarik, American poet and artistic prodigy
July 16 – Mark Indelicato, American actor
September 1
- Bianca Ryan, American singer
- Jasmine, American singer

October–December [link]

October 9 – Jodelle Ferland, Canadian actress
November 8 – Lauren Alaina, American singer
November 17 – Raquel Castro, American actress and singer
November 30 – Nyjah Huston, American skateboarder
December 3 – Jake T. Austin, American actor
December 29 – Princess Kako of Akishino, Japanese Princess and daughter of Prince Akishino and Princess Akishino

Deaths [link]

January [link]

Cesar Romero

Telly Savalas

January 1
- Arthur Espie Porritt, New Zealand politician and athlete (b. 1900)
- Cesar Romero, Cuban-American actor (b. 1907)
- Edward Arthur Thompson, British historian (b. 1914)
January 5
- Tip O'Neill, American politician (b. 1912)
- Elmar Lipping, Estonian statesman and soldier (b. 1906)
- Brian Johnston, British cricket commentator (b. 1912)
January 9
- Madge Ryan, Australian actress (b. 1919)
- Johnny Temple, American baseball player (b. 1927)
January 14 – Esther Ralston, American actress (b. 1902)
January 15 – Harry Nilsson, American musician (b. 1941)
January 16 – Frances Gifford, American actress (b. 1920)
January 17 – Helen Stephens, American runner (b. 1918)
January 20 – Matt Busby, Scottish football manager (b. 1909)
January 22
- Jean-Louis Barrault, French actor and director (b. 1910)
- Telly Savalas, American actor (b. 1924)
January 23 – Brian Redhead, British journalist and broadcaster (b. 1929)
January 25 – Stephen Cole Kleene, American mathematician (b. 1909)
January 27 – Claude Akins, American actor (b. 1914)
January 28 – Hal Smith, American character actor and voice-over artist (b. 1916)
January 29
- Ulrike Maier, Austrian alpine skier (b. 1967)
- Nick Cravat, American actor and acrobat (b. 1912)
January 30 – Pierre Boulle, French author (b. 1912)

February [link]

Dinah Shore

February 1 – Olan Soule, Character actor (b. 1909)
February 3 – Walter Havighurst, American critic, novelist, literary and social historian (b. 1901)
February 4 – Jane Arbor, British writer (b. 1903)
February 6
- Joseph Cotten, American actor (b. 1905)
- Jack Kirby, American comic book writer and illustrator (b. 1917)
February 7 – Witold Lutosławski, Polish composer (b. 1913)
February 9 – Howard Martin Temin, American geneticist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1934)
February 11
- Sorrell Booke, American actor (b. 1930)
- William Conrad, American actor (b. 1920)
- Neil Bonnett, American race car driver (b. 1946)
February 14 – Andrei Chikatilo, Russian serial killer (executed) (b. 1936)
February 17 – Randy Shilts, American author and activist (b. 1951)
February 19 – Derek Jarman, English film director (b. 1942)
February 22 – Papa John Creech, American fiddler (b. 1917)
February 24
- Jean Sablon, French singer (b. 1906)
- Dinah Shore, American actress and singer (b. 1916)
February 25
- Baruch Goldstein, American-born mass murder (b. 1956)
- Jersey Joe Walcott, American boxer (b. 1914)
February 26 – Bill Hicks, American comedian (b. 1961)

March [link]

Melina Mercouri

March 2 – Anita Morris, American actress (b. 1943)
March 4 – John Candy, Canadian comedian and actor (b. 1950)
March 6
- Ray Arcel, American boxing trainer (b. 1899)
- Melina Mercouri, Greek actress and politian (b. 1920)
March 9
- Charles Bukowski, American writer (b. 1920)
- Fernando Rey, Spanish actor (b. 1917)
- Lawrence E. Spivak, American journalist (b. 1900)
March 17
- Ellsworth Vines, American tennis champion (b. 1911)
- Mai Zetterling, Swedish actor and director (b. 1925)
March 21
- MacDonald Carey, American actor (b. 1913)
- Dack Rambo, American actor (b. 1941)
March 22 – Walter Lantz, American cartoonist (b. 1899)
March 23
- Luis Donaldo Colosio, Mexican politician (b. 1950)
- Giulietta Masina, Italian actress (b. 1921)
March 25 – Max Petitpierre, Member of the Swiss Federal Council (b. 1899)
March 28 – Eugène Ionesco, Romanian-born playwright (b. 1909)
March 29 – Bill Travers, English actor and co-founder of the Born Free Foundation (b. 1922)

April [link]

Richard Nixon

April 1
- Léon Degrelle, Belgian Nazi (b. 1906)
- Robert Doisneau, French Photographer (b. 1912)
April 2 – Betty Furness, American actress, author, and consumer advocate (b. 1916)
April 5 – Kurt Cobain, American singer and songwriter (b. 1967)
April 6
- Juvénal Habyarimana, President of Rwanda (b. 1937)
- Cyprien Ntaryamira, President of Burundi (b. 1956)
April 7
- Albert Guðmundsson, Icelandic footballer and politician (b. 1923)
- Golo Mann, German historian (b. 1909)
April 10 – Sam B. Hall, American politician (b. 1924)
April 15 – John Curry, British figure skater (b. 1949)
April 16 – Ralph Ellison, American writer (b. 1914)
April 17 – Roger Wolcott Sperry, American neurobiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1913)
April 22 – Richard Nixon, 37th President of the United States (b. 1913)
April 24 – Masutatsu Ōyama, Korean-Japanese Karate master (b. 1923)
April 27 – Lynne Frederick, English actress (b. 1954)
April 28 – Berton Roueché, American writer (b. 1910)
April 29 – Russell Kirk, American political philosopher (b. 1918)
April 30
- Roland Ratzenberger, Austrian Formula One driver (b. 1960)
- Richard Scarry, American author (b. 1919)

May [link]

Ayrton Senna

Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis

May 1 – Ayrton Senna, Brazilian Formula One driver (b. 1960)
May 2 – William Albertini, English cricketer (b. 1913)
May 5 – Joe Layton, American director and choreographer (b. 1931)
May 7 – Clement Greenberg, American art critic (b. 1909)
May 8 – George Peppard, American actor (b. 1928)
May 10 – John Wayne Gacy, American serial killer (b. 1942)
May 12
- Erik Erikson, Danish-American developmental psychologist (b. 1902)
- John Smith, Scottish politician (b. 1938)
May 15
- Royal Dano, American actor (b. 1922)
- Gilbert Roland, Mexican-born actor (b. 1905)
May 16 – Alain Cuny, French actor (b. 1908)
May 19
- Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, First Lady of the United States (b. 1929)
- Henry Morgan, American comedian (b. 1915)
May 21 – Johan Hendrik Weidner, Belgian World War II resistance fighter (b. 1912)
May 29 – Erich Honecker, leader of East Germany (b. 1912)

June [link]

June 2 – David Stove, Australian philosopher (b. 1927)
June 4
- Benedict J. Semmes, Jr., American admiral (b. 1913)
- Peter Thorneycroft, British politician (b. 1909)
- Massimo Troisi, Italian actor (b. 1953)
June 6 – Barry Sullivan, American actor (b. 1912)
June 7 – Dennis Potter, English dramatist (b. 1935)
June 9 – Jan Tinbergen, Dutch economist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1903)
June 12 – Menachem Mendel Schneerson, the Lubavitcher Rebbe (b. 1902)
June 13 – K. T. Stevens, American actress (b. 1919)
June 14 – Henry Mancini, American composer and arranger (b. 1924)
June 15 – Kristen Pfaff, American bassist (b. 1967)
June 20 – Jay Miner, American computer pioneer (b. 1932)
June 29 – Kurt Eichhorn, German conductor (b. 1908)

July [link]

Kim Il-sung

July 2 – Roberto Balado, Cuban boxer, 1992 Gold medalist (b. 1969)
July 3 – Lew Hoad, Australian tennis champion (b. 1934)
July 7
- Friedrich August Freiherr von der Heydte, German Luftwaffe Officer (b. 1907)
- Cameron Mitchell, American actor (b. 1918)
July 8
- Dick Sargent, American actor (b. 1930)
- Kim Il-sung, President of North Korea (b. 1912)
July 11 – Gary Kildall, American computer inventor (b. 1942)
July 14 – César Tovar, Venezuelan baseball player (b. 1940)
July 17 – Jean Borotra, French tennis champion (b. 1898)
July 21 – Marijac, French cartoonist
July 23 – Lennox Sebe, President of Ciskei bantustan (b. 1926)
July 29 – Dorothy Hodgkin, British chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1910)

August [link]

Linus Pauling

August 6 – Domenico Modugno, Italian singer, songwriter, actor and politician (b. 1928)
August 7 – Larry Martyn, comedy actor (b. 1934)
August 11 – Peter Cushing, English actor (b. 1913)
August 13 – Elias Canetti, Bulgarian-born writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1905)
August 17 – Jack Sharkey, American boxer (b. 1902)
August 18 – Richard Laurence Millington Synge, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1914)
August 19 – Linus Pauling, American chemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and Peace (b. 1901)
August 21
- Anita Lizana, Chilean tennis champion (b. 1915)
- Michael Peters, American choreographer (b. 1948)
August 30 – Lindsay Anderson, British film director (b. 1923)

September [link]

Louis Ferdinand, Prince of Prussia

September 5 – Shimshon Amitsur, Israeli mathematician and Israel Prize recipient (b. 1921)
September 6 – Nicky Hopkins, British musician (b. 1944)
September 7
- James Clavell, British writer (b. 1921)
- Dennis Morgan, American actor and singer (b. 1908)
- Terence Young, American film director (b. 1915)
September 11 – Jessica Tandy, English actress (b. 1909)
September 12
- Tom Ewell, American actor (b. 1909)
- Boris Yegorov, Russian cosmonaut (b. 1937)
September 15
- Moana Pozzi, Italian porn actress (b. 1961)
- Mark Stevens, American actor (b. 1916)
September 16 – Jack Dodson, American actor (b. 1931)
September 17
- Vitas Gerulaitis, American tennis champion (b. 1954)
- Karl Popper, Austrian and British philosopher (b. 1902)
September 20
- Abioseh Nicol, Sierra Leonean diplomat, UN official and author (b. 1924)
- Jule Styne, British-born songwriter (b. 1905)
September 26 – Louis Ferdinand, Prince of Prussia (b. 1907)
September 30 – André Michel Lwoff, French microbiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1902)

October [link]

Burt Lancaster

October 2 – Harriet Nelson, American actress (b. 1909)
October 3
- Tim Asch, Anthropologist, photographer and ethnographic filmmaker (b. 1932)
- Dub Taylor, American actor (b. 1907)
October 7 – Niels Kaj Jerne, English immunologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1911)
October 14 – Emil Gilels, Russian pianist (b. 1916)
October 19 – Martha Raye, American actress (b. 1916)
October 20
- Sergei Bondarchuk, Russian film director (b. 1920)
- Burt Lancaster, American actor (b. 1913)
October 21 – Benoît Régent, French actor (b. 1953)
October 24 – Raul Julia, Puerto Rican actor (b. 1940)
October 25 – Mildred Natwick, American actress (b. 1905)
October 29 – Shlomo Goren, Israeli Chief Rabbi (b. 1918)

November [link]

November 1 – Noah Beery, Jr., American actor (b. 1913)
November 4 – Fred "Sonic" Smith, American guitarist (b. 1949)
November 5 – Johan Heyns, Afrikaner theologian and critic of Apartheid (b. 1928)
November 9 – Priscilla Morrill, American actress (b. 1927)
November 10 – Carmen McRae, American jazz singer (b. 1920)
November 11 – Pedro Zamora, Cuban-born AIDS activist (b. 1972)
November 12 – Wilma Rudolph, American athlete (b. 1940)
November 13 – Motoo Kimura, Japanese geneticist (b. 1924)
November 14 – Tom Villard, American actor (b. 1953)
November 16
- Doris Speed, English actress (b. 1899)
- Dino Valente, American musician (b. 1943)
November 18
- Peter Ledger, Australian artist (b. 1945)
- Cab Calloway, American jazz singer and bandleader (b. 1908)
November 20 – John Lucarotti, British born television writer (b. 1926)
November 22 – Charles Upham, New Zealand soldier, double Victoria Cross winner (b. 1908)
November 23 – Art Barr, American professional wrestler (b. 1966)
November 28
- Jeffrey Dahmer, American serial killer (b. 1960)
- Buster Edwards, English Great train robber (b. 1932)
November 30
- Lionel Stander, American actor (b. 1908)
- Guy Debord, French Marxist theorist, writer, filmmaker (b. 1931)

December [link]

Dean Rusk

December 6 – Gian Maria Volonté, Italian actor (b. 1933)
December 8 – Antonio Carlos Jobim, Brazilian composer (b. 1927)
December 10 – Alex Wilson, Canadian and Notre Dame athlete (b. 1905)
December 11
- Philip Phillips, American archaeologist (b. 1900)
- Carl Marzani, American political documentary filmmaker, author, editor and publisher (b. 1912)
December 12 – Stuart Roosa, American astronaut (b. 1933)
December 18 – Lilia Skala, Austrian-born actress (b. 1896)
December 20
- Hans Herlin, German novelist (b. 1925)
- Dean Rusk, 54th United States Secretary of State (b. 1909)
December 23 – Sebastian Shaw, English actor (b. 1905)
December 24
- John Boswell, American historian (b. 1947)
- Rossano Brazzi, Italian actor (b. 1916)
- John Osborne, English playwright (b. 1929)
December 27
- Fanny Craddock, British television chef and restaurant critic (b. 1909)
- J. B. L. Reyes, Filipino jurist (b. 1902)

Nobel Prizes [link]

The Nobel Prize medallion.

Physics – Bertram N. Brockhouse, Clifford Glenwood Shull
Chemistry – George Andrew Olah
Medicine – Alfred G. Gilman, Martin Rodbell
Literature – Kenzaburo Oe
Peace – Yasser Arafat, Shimon Peres, Yitzhak Rabin
Economics – Reinhard Selten, John Forbes Nash, John Harsanyi

Templeton Prize [link]

Michael Novak

Fields Medal [link]

Efim Isakovich Zelmanov, Pierre-Louis Lions, Jean Bourgain, Jean-Christophe Yoccoz

Right Livelihood Award [link]

Astrid Lindgren, SERVOL (Service Volunteered for All), H. Sudarshan / VGKK (Vivekananda Girijana Kalyana Kendra), Ken Saro-Wiwa / MOSOP (Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People)

References [link]

1990s portal

^ http://www.scotland.org.uk/guide/Isle_of_Iona
^ Woodford, James (2002). The Wollemi Pine: the incredible discovery of a living fossil from the age of the dinosaurs (rev. ed.). Text Publishing Co. ISBN 1-876485-74-4.
^ "Soldier free after Cyprus killing". BBC. 14 August 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/4792915.stm. Retrieved 2008-02-04.

http://wn.com/1994

http://de.wn.com/1994

http://es.wn.com/1994

http://ru.wn.com/1994 год

http://cs.wn.com/1994

http://pt.wn.com/1994

http://pl.wn.com/1994

http://hi.wn.com/१९९४

http://it.wn.com/1994

http://id.wn.com/1994

http://nl.wn.com/1994

http://fr.wn.com/1994

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (March 2008)

Jason Aldean

Background information
Birth name	Jason Aldine Williams^[1]
Born	(1977-02-28) February 28, 1977 (age 35)^[2] Macon, Georgia, USA^[2]
Genres	Country, country-rock
Occupations	Singer
Instruments	Vocals, guitar
Years active	2005–present
Labels	Capitol Nashville Broken Bow
Associated acts	Kelly Clarkson Colt Ford Miranda Lambert, Ludacris, Brantley Gilbert Lionel Richie
Website	JasonAldean.com

Jason Aldine Williams (born February 28, 1977 in Macon, Georgia) is an American country music singer, known professionally as Jason Aldean. Since 2005, Aldean has recorded for Broken Bow Records, an independent record label for which he has released four albums and fifteen singles. His 2005 self-titled debut and 2009 album Wide Open are both certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), while 2007's Relentless is certified gold. Of his singles, seven have reached the number one position on the Hot Country Songs charts: "Why", "She's Country", "Big Green Tractor", "The Truth", "Don't You Wanna Stay" (a duet with Kelly Clarkson), "Dirt Road Anthem", and "Fly Over States." Eight more have reached top ten on the same chart.

1 Early life
2 Personal life
3 Musical career
4 Tours
5 Awards and nominations
6 Discography
- 6.1 Albums
7 References
8 External links

Early life [link]

Aldean's parents, Barry and Debbie, divorced when he was three. He was raised by his mother, mainly in Macon, Georgia, where he went to high school at Windsor Academy. During the summer he would spend time with his father in Homestead, Florida.

Before going to work during the day, his dad would map out guitar chords on notebook paper to show Jason where to place his fingers to play the chords. Jason sat and practiced all day while his dad was at work. When his dad got home, he got out his own guitar and they played together. Soon, after hearing a song only a few times, he could play it. His early favorites included George Strait's "The Cowboy Rides Away", Hank Williams Jr.'s "The Blues Man", and Alabama's "My Home's in Alabama". Both parents encouraged young Jason as he progressed musically. From age 14, after watching the country-music awards on TV, he wanted to perform on stage. With his mother's help, he performed at the local VFW hall in Macon, Georgia. He sang John Anderson's song "Seminole Wind" and Tracy Lawrence's "Sticks and Stones". He would later say that the entire audience — all ten — applauded, and that he almost had to be dragged off the stage because he was hooked on performing. He began performing at area talent contests and local fairs. At 15, he joined the "house band" at Georgia nightspot Nashville South.

Personal life [link]

Aldean married his high school sweetheart, Jessica, and they now have two daughters, Keeley and Kendyl. Aldean married Jessica on August 4, 2001.^[3]

Musical career [link]

After high school, with his father's help, Aldean and his band performed in college towns in Florida, Alabama, and Georgia, and then further up the southeastern seaboard. With one of the band's members, Justin Weaver, Aldean began writing songs. In 1998 he performed his original songs at a showcase staged by Atlanta nightclub The Buckboard. He was approached by Michael Knox, then of the Warner-Chappell song-publishing company.^[4] After signing with Warner-Chappell, Aldean moved to Nashville on November 1, 1998, at age 21.

A month after moving to Nashville, Aldean was offered a recording contract but was subsequently dropped. He signed with another label but again was dropped in 2000 for postponing his recording sessions repeatedly. Various showcases failed to bring him a contract. The last straw was an attempt at the Wildhorse Saloon where the promised label talent scouts never even showed up. Finally, Lawrence Mathis spotted Jason at one of the showcases at The Wildhorse Saloon in Nashville. Mathis signed as Aldean's first manager. Still frustrated and discouraged with his struggling career, Aldean gave himself six months before planning to leave Nashville and return home to Georgia. Then five weeks later, he was offered a deal from Broken Bow Records in Nashville. Shortly after the release of his first album, Jason picked up his new (and current) agent, Kevin Neal. And while recording Relentless, Jason moved to Clarence Spalding and Spalding Entertainment for management.

[edit] Jason Aldean (2005-2006)

Aldean's first single, "Hicktown", was released in early 2005.^[4] It served as the lead-off to his album Jason Aldean, and reached a peak of #10 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts. The album also produced his first Number One hit in "Why", as well as the #4-peaking "Amarillo Sky", which had previously been a non-charting single in 2002 for McBride & the Ride. Amarillo Sky earned a 2006 ACM nomination for song of the year and video of the year. Jason Aldean earned the title of "Top New Male Vocalist" at the 2006 Academy of Country Music Awards. Jason Aldean has sold over one million copies in the United States, and was certified platinum by the RIAA in 2007.

[edit] Relentless (2007-2008)

Aldean spent most of January 2007 in the studio with producer Michael Knox to finish his second album, Relentless.^[4] This album was released on May 29, 2007, and at Wal-Mart, it was released with a Limited Edition CMT Pick DVD that includes performances from Jason Aldean. The album's lead-off single, "Johnny Cash", was originally recorded by Tracy Byrd and peaked at #6 when Aldean released it. Its followup, "Laughed Until We Cried", has become his fifth consecutive Top Ten hit. Relentless has also been certified gold by the RIAA, and its title track was released as its third single. The song has also been Aldean's lowest charting single in both the U.S. and Canada, failing to reach Top Ten on the country charts.

[edit] Wide Open (2009-2010)

Aldean released a seventh single titled "She's Country" to radio on December 1, 2008. It is the first single from his third album Wide Open which was released on April 7, 2009. The single debuted at #51 on the Hot Country Songs chart in late-November 2008. His seventh consecutive Top 40 hit on the country charts, it is also his first Top 40 hit on the Billboard Hot 100, and became his second number-one hit, and his first since "Why" in May 2006. The next single, the David Lee Murphy-Jim Collins co-write "Big Green Tractor," became Aldean's third Number One hit. Wide Open debuted at #2 on the Top Country Albums chart. "The Truth" became the album's third consecutive Number One hit in January 2010, with "Crazy Town" being the album's fourth single, peaking at #2 on the country charts.

Jason Aldean performed with Bryan Adams on an episode of CMT Crossroads in the beginning of May, and the episode premiered on June 26, 2009.^[5] In an interview with Shave Magazine, Jason explained that working with Bryan on Crossroads "was great. He was a lot of fun." But the real highlight for Jason was working with Randy Owen. "I am a big fan of Alabama so I got a chance to work with Randy Owen on this album (it didn’t make the album but it eventually made a bonus track). It was really cool. Alabama were like ‘The Beatles’ for me so working with him was definitely one of the highlights. I mean, both of those guys were really cool moments, but, if I had to pick one highlight, it would be working with Randy this year."^[6]

A live DVD titled Wide Open Live & More was released on August 25, 2009.

At the 2010 CMT music Awards Jason Aldean picked up 3 nominations in Video of the Year and Male Video of the Year for "The Truth", as well as collaborative video of the year and CMT performance of the year for his performance of "Heaven" with Bryan Adams.^[7]

[edit] My Kinda Party (2010-2012)

Aldean released a new single in August 2010, "My Kinda Party," which entered the Hot Country Songs chart at #41, which is the lead-off single from his album of the same name, released on November 2, 2010.^[8] It marks as Aldean's tenth top 10 country hit. He also collaborated with Kelly Clarkson on the intimate duet "Don't You Wanna Stay". Aldean and Clarkson's performance on November 10, 2010 at the CMA Awards received positive recognition, and debuted at #59 on Billboard's Hot Country Songs chart from unsolicited airplay for the week of November 20, 2010. In March 2011, "Don't You Wanna Stay" became Aldean's fifth number one hit.

In early 2011, Aldean's recording of "Dirt Road Anthem", recorded previously by both of its writers, country rap artist Colt Ford and Brantley Gilbert (who also wrote "My Kinda Party"), debuted on the Hot Country Songs chart at #57 as an album cut from unsolicited airplay for the week of February 5, 2011.^[9] In March 2011, "Dirt Road Anthem" was selected as the third single from My Kinda Party. Aldean also collaborated with Ludacris on the song "Dirt Road Anthem" at the 2011 CMT Music Awards in Nashville, Tennessee on Wednesday, June 8, 2011. In addition to making number one on the Hot Country Songs chart for the week of July 30, 2011, "Dirt Road Anthem" has also become Aldean's first top ten hit on the Hot 100 chart.

Aldean performed his song My Kinda Party at the start of the 2011 Home Run Derby, aired on ESPN.

Aldean won the CMA Country Album of the Year 2011 as well as the Musical Event of the Year with his duet, "Don't You Wanna Stay", with Kelly Clarkson. It was his first win.

On October 25, 2011 it was announced that Aldean will be performing on “The GRAMMY Nominations Concert Live!! — Countdown To Music’s Biggest Night”, the one-hour special which takes place live on Wednesday, Nov. 30, at the Nokia Theatre L.A. The show will announce nominations in several categories as well as feature performances by past GRAMMY winners and/or nominees.^[10]

Jason Aldean released his fifth single from his award winning album, titled "Fly Over States" on February 6, 2012.

Tours [link]

Me & My Gang Tour 2006 with Rascal Flatts & Gary Allan (Eric Church was kicked off for playing too long and Jason took his spot)
Live Your Voice Tour with Tim McGraw 2008
CMT ON TOUR:Relentless with Lady Antebellum
Last Rodeo Tour with Brooks & Dunn 2010
Wide Open Tour 2010 with Luke Bryan (Fall Leg)
My Kinda Party Tour 2011 with
- Spring Leg: Eric Church & The JaneDear Girls
- Fall Leg: Chris Young & Thompson Square
My Kinda Party Tour 2012 with Luke Bryan & Lauren Alaina
First night headline at Stagecoach Country Music Festival 4/27/12.

Awards and nominations [link]

Year	Organization	Award	Result
2005	Academy of Country Music	Top New Male Vocalist	Won
2007	Academy of Country Music^[11]	Song of the Year - "Amarillo Sky"	Nominated
	Academy of Country Music^[11]	Video of the Year - "Amarillo Sky"	Nominated
	Country Music Association^[12]	Horizon Award	Nominated
2010	CMT Music Awards^[13]	Video of the Year - "The Truth"	Nominated
		Male Video of the Year - "The Truth"	Nominated
		Collaborative Video of the Year - "Heaven" with Bryan Adams from CMT Crossroads	Nominated
2011	Academy of Country Music^[14]	Entertainer of the Year	Nominated
	Academy of Country Music^[14]	Male Vocalist of the Year	Nominated
	Billboard Music Awards^[15]	Top Country Artist	Nominated
	Billboard Music Awards^[15]	Top Country Album - "My Kinda Party"	Nominated
	CMT Music Awards^[16]	Video of the Year - "My Kinda Party"	Nominated
		Male Video of the Year - "My Kinda Party"	Nominated
		Collaborative Video of the Year - "Don't You Wanna Stay" with Kelly Clarkson	Nominated
		Best Web Video of the Year - "My Kinda Party" live from CMT.com webcast	Nominated
	Country Music Association^[17]	Entertainer of the Year	Nominated
		Single of the Year - "Don't You Wanna Stay" with Kelly Clarkson	Nominated
		Musical Event of the Year - "Don't You Wanna Stay" with Kelly Clarkson	Won
		Album of the Year - My Kinda Party	Won
		Male Vocalist of the Year	Nominated
	Billboard Touring Awards^[18]	Breakthrough	Won
	American Music Awards^[19]	Favorite Country Male Artist	Nominated
	American Music Awards^[19]	Favorite Country Album - "My Kinda Party"	Nominated
	American Country Awards^[20]	Male Music Video of the Year - "My Kinda Party"	Nominated
		Artist of the Year	Won
		Male Artist of the Year	Nominated
		Album of the Year - My Kinda Party	Won
		Single of the Year: Male - "My Kinda Party"	Won
		Single of the Year: Vocal Collaboration - "Don't You Wanna Stay" with Kelly Clarkson	Won
		Touring Headline Act of the Year	Won
		Music Video: Group, Duo, or Collaboration - "Don't You Wanna Stay" with Kelly Clarkson	Won
2012	Grammy Awards^[21]	Best Country Solo Performance - "Dirt Road Anthem"	Nominated
		Best Country Duo/Group Performance - "Don't You Wanna Stay" with Kelly Clarkson	Nominated
		Best Country Album - "My Kinda Party"	Nominated
	Academy of Country Music^[22]	Entertainer of the Year	Nominated
		Male Vocalist of the Year	Nominated
		Album of the Year - "My Kinda Party"	Nominated
		Vocal Event of the Year - "Don't You Wanna Stay" with Kelly Clarkson	Won
		Single Record of the Year - "Don't You Wanna Stay" with Kelly Clarkson	Won
		Video of the Year - "Tattoos on This Town"	Nominated
	Billboard Music Awards^[23]	Top Country Artist	Nominated
		Top Country Album - "My Kinda Party"	Won
		Top Country Song - "Dirt Road Anthem"	Won
	CMT Music Awards^[24]	Video of the Year - "Dirt Road Anthem"	Pending
		Male Video of the Year - "Dirt Road Anthem"	Pending
		CMT Performance of the Year - "Tattoos On This Town" from Artists of the Year	Pending

Discography [link]

Main article: Jason Aldean discography

Albums [link]

2005: Jason Aldean
2007: Relentless
2009: Wide Open
2010: My Kinda Party

References [link]

^ Whitburn, Joel (2008). Hot Country Songs 1944 to 2008. Record Research, Inc.. p. 21. ISBN 0-89820-177-2.
^ ^a ^b "Jason Aldean biography". Great American Country. http://www.gactv.com/gac/ar_az_jason_aldean/article/0,,GAC_26095_4703224,00.html. Retrieved 2008-03-30.
^ "Jason Aldean Celebrates 10th Wedding Anniversary With Wife Jessica Today". Taste of Country. August 2011. http://tasteofcountry.com/jason-aldean-wife-Jessica-pictures/. Retrieved August 16, 2011.
^ ^a ^b ^c Leggett, Steve. "Jason Aldean biography". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/p730273/biography. Retrieved 23 December 2010.
^ "Artist". MusicRow. 2011-01-28. http://www.musicrow.com/category/artist/. Retrieved 2011-02-03.
^ Ziyah. "Interview With Jason Aldean". ShaveMagazine.com. http://www.shavemagazine.com/entertainment/091101. Retrieved 2009-11-30.
^ "Jason Aldean, Lady Antebellum, Sugarland Lead 2010 CMT Music Awards Nominees | CMT Blog". Blog.cmt.com. 2010-04-05. http://blog.cmt.com/2010-04-05/jason-aldean-lady-antebellum-sugarland-lead-2010-cmt-music-awards-nominees/#comment-137607. Retrieved 2011-02-03.
^ "Jason Aldean Sets Release of Fourth Studio Album - My Kinda Party for 11.2.2010". Jason Aldean. 2010-08-23. http://www.jasonaldean.com/story/news/jason_aldean_sets_release_of_fourth_studio_album__my_kinda_party_for_1122010/. Retrieved 2010-08-23.
^ "CMT: News: Kenny Chesney's "Somewhere With You" Remains on Top". CMT. 2011-01-29. http://www.cmt.com/news/country-music/1656874/kenny-chesneys-somewhere-with-you-remains-on-top.jhtml. Retrieved 2011-02-05.
^ "Aldean, Others Set To Perform For GRAMMYs Nomination Party!". WUSN-FM US99.5. http://us99country.radio.com/2011/10/25/jason-aldean-to-perform-on-the-grammy-nominations-concert-live/.
^ http://www.gactv.com/gac/nw_headlines/article/0,,GAC_26063_5395901,00.html/
^ http://www.acountry.com/music/2007_cma_awards_nominations//
^ http://www.theboot.com/2010/05/11/2010-cmt-awards-nominees/
^ http://voices.yahoo.com/academy-country-music-awards-2011-7986786.html//
^ http://tasteofcountry.com/2011-billboard-music-awards-nominees//
^ http://www.cmt.com/news/country-music/1662725/2011-cmt-music-awards-nominees-revealed.jhtml
^ http://www.ontheredcarpet.com/CMA-Awards-2011:-List-of-nominations/8425216
^ http://www1.billboardevents.com/billboardevents/touring/awards/index.jsp/
^ http://www.jasonaldean.com/story/news/jason-aldean-nominated-for-two-2011-american-music-awards/
^ http://tasteofcountry.com/american-country-awards-nominees-2011/
^ http://www.grammy.com/nominees?year=2011&genre=8/
^ http://tasteofcountry.com/2012-acm-awards-nominees/
^ http://www.billboard.com/#/news/2012-billboard-music-awards-finalists-complete-1006822152.story?page=1//
^ http://www.jasonaldean.com/story/news/jason-nominated-for-3-cmt-music-awards//

External links [link]

v t e Jason Aldean

Studio albums	Jason Aldean (2005) Relentless (2007) Wide Open (2009) My Kinda Party (2010)

Singles	"Hicktown" "Why" "Amarillo Sky" "Johnny Cash" "Laughed Until We Cried" "Relentless" "She's Country" "Big Green Tractor" "The Truth" "Crazy Town" "My Kinda Party" "Don't You Wanna Stay" (w/ Kelly Clarkson) "Dirt Road Anthem" "Tattoos on This Town" "Fly Over States"

DVDs	Wide Open Live & More

Related articles	Discography Broken Bow Records

Persondata
Name	Aldean, Jason
Alternative names	Williams, Jason Aldine (birth name)
Short description	American singer
Date of birth	February 28, 1977
Place of birth	Macon, Georgia, United States
Date of death
Place of death

http://wn.com/Jason_Aldean

http://fr.wn.com/Jason Aldean

http://pt.wn.com/Jason Aldean

http://de.wn.com/Jason Aldean

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason_Aldean

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

This article may contain inappropriate or misinterpreted citations that do not verify the text. Please help improve this article by checking for inaccuracies. (help, talk, get involved!) (March 2010)

This article is about the American quartet. For a definition of the word "en vogue", see the Wiktionary entry en vogue.

For other uses of "vogue", see Vogue.

En Vogue

Background information
Origin	Oakland, California, United States
Genres	R&B, Soul, Funk
Years active	1989–present
Labels	Atlantic, EastWest, Discretion Ent., 33rd Street, Rufftown Entertainment Group, Inc.
Members
Terry Ellis Cindy Herron Maxine Jones
Past members
Amanda Cole Rhona Bennett Dawn Robinson

En Vogue is an American female R&B^[1] vocal group from Oakland, California assembled by music producers Denzil Foster and Thomas McElroy.^[2]

The group has won more MTV Video Music Awards than any other female group in MTV history, a total of seven, along with four Soul Train Awards, six American Music Awards, and seven Grammy nominations. According to Billboard Magazine they were the 18th most successful act of the 1990s, and one of the most popular and successful female groups of all time.^[3] En Vogue have accumulated over 2,800 weeks on various Billboard charts.^[4]

1 Group history
2 Members
3 Television and film
4 Discography
5 Awards
6 See also
7 References
8 External links

Group history [link]

Beginnings [link]

Assembled in Oakland, California in July 1989, En Vogue launched with original members Cindy Herron, Maxine Jones, Dawn Robinson and Terry Ellis. The inspiration for the group came when production duo of Foster and Mc Elroy envisioned a modern-day girl group in the tradition of the 1950s/1960s female trios. The blueprint was based on the plan of recruiting singers who possessed strong voices, noticeably good looks, and intelligence. Auditions were held in 1988, with Herron, Jones and Robinson making the final cut.^[5] Like previous girl groups, En Vogue was originally conceived as a trio, but after hearing Ellis audition, Foster and McElroy decided to create a quartet. At first, they selected the name "For You." They shifted to "Vogue", but ultimately settled on En Vogue, upon learning that another group had already claimed the Vogue moniker.

[edit] 1989–91: Born to Sing

After forming, the group began working with their producers on their debut album. Recording began in August 1989 and wrapped up in December of the same year.^[6] Born to Sing was released on April 3, 1990. The album charted at number twenty-one on the Billboard 200 and number three on Billboard's R&B Albums Chart. The first single, "Hold On," was released to radio in late February 1990 and became a crossover pop hit, reaching number two on Billboard's Hot 100 singles charts, and number one on both the R&B singles and Hot Dance Music/Club Play charts. It later went to #5 in the UK, and became a hit in Europe. The next two singles, "Lies" and "You Don't Have to Worry," each went to number one on the Billboard R&B charts, while the fourth and final single, "Don't Go," charted at number three on the Billboard R&B. The album was later certified platinum by the RIAA.

"Hold On" was awarded a Billboard Music Award for "R&B Single of the Year," a Soul Train Award for "R&B/Urban Contemporary Single of the Year, Group, Band or Duo" and have been nominated for a Grammy Award for "Best R&B Vocal Performance by a Duo or Group". In 1990, En Vogue signed an endorsement deal to appear in a Diet Coke commercial directed by Spike Lee.

[edit] 1992–94: Funky Divas and Runaway Love

En Vogue's second album, Funky Divas, was released in the spring of 1992. The album debuted at number eight on the Billboard 200 and number one on the Billboard R&B and ultimately doubled the take of its predecessor, going multi-platinum. The album's first two singles: "My Lovin' (You're Never Gonna Get It)" and "Giving Him Something He Can Feel" both went top ten pop, and peaked at number one on the R&B charts. The next single, "Free Your Mind" also went top ten. The final two singles "Give It Up Turn It Loose" and "Love Don't Love You" both were top forty hits. The album went on to sell more than three million copies, won an American Music Award for "Favorite Soul/R&B Album," and was nominated for five Grammy Awards. The music video for "Free Your Mind" earned the group three MTV Video Music Awards for "Best Choreography," "Best Dance Video," and "Best R&B Video." They were also honored with Soul Train's prestigious "Entertainer of the Year Award." In addition to this, the group were featured in Rolling Stone, Entertainment Weekly, and Essence among other major publications. Riding high on the success of Funky Divas, a six-song EP entitled Runaway Love was released in the fall of 1993, spawning the hit "Runaway Love."

The group was signed to an endorsement deal with Converse, and were featured as an opening act on Luther Vandross' 1993 tour. Among the numerous countries toured were England, Germany, the Netherlands and France which confirmed the group's live vocal and performing prowess. However, according to an article in Vibe magazine, Vandross (by his own admission in interviews) and his entourage clashed with the members of En Vogue during the tour and he vowed never to work with them again afterwards. En Vogue also made numerous television appearances on such series as In Living Color, A Different World, Roc and Hangin' With Mr. Cooper (the latter two of which they also sang the show's theme songs.) In 1993, En Vogue were featured vocalists on Salt-N-Pepa's top ten hit "Whatta Man", from Salt-N-Pepa's Very Necessary album. The track also appeared (slightly edited) on En Vogue's Runaway Love EP.

[edit] 1994–98: The departure of Robinson and EV3

In 1995, En Vogue were amongst numerous female vocalists featured on the song "Freedom" for the soundtrack to Panther. Also in 1995, group member Terry Ellis recorded a solo album entitled Southern Gal, which spun off the top ten R&B single "Where Ever You Are."

En Vogue reunited in 1996 to record "Don't Let Go (Love)" for the soundtrack to the motion picture Set It Off. Released in the autumn, it became the group's biggest hit to date; the single peaked at number two on the Hot 100, number one on the R&B singles chart, and was certified platinum by the RIAA. It, inadvertently, would also be the final En Vogue single to feature Robinson. One of Robinson's final performances with her bandmates came in October of that year, when the group sang the final National Anthem rendition in the history of Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium in Atlanta, which came in game five of the 1996 World Series. In response to the large commercial success of "Don't Let Go (Love)", the group steadfastly went to work on its third album. As the album was nearing completion, Robinson chose to leave the group in April 1997 after difficult contractual negotiations reached a stalemate. Despite Robinson's abrupt departure, En Vogue resolved to continue on as a trio (forcing the group to re-record some of the tracks on their forthcoming album that had originally featured her on lead vocals).

EV3, the group's third album, was released in the spring and debuted at number eight on both the Billboard 200 and the Billboard R&B charts. The first single, the Babyface-penned and produced "Whatever" went on to become a top-20 pop hit, a top ten R&B hit, while also peaking at number five on the Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart. On August 26, 1997, the single was certified gold by the RIAA. The followup single "Too Gone, Too Long" (which was produced by David Foster and written by Diane Warren) performed more modestly, managing to only peak in the top forty. Despite its being certified platinum, and the album being nominated for Grammy Award and a Soul Train Lady of Soul Award, sales of EV3 failed to live up to full commercial expectation. A world tour had been planned, but was canceled due to poor ticket sales. In 1998, En Vogue recorded "No Fool No More" for the soundtrack to the motion picture, Why Do Fools Fall In Love as well as a version of I Want A Monster to Be My Friend for the Elmopalooza special on ABC. The following year, a greatest hits compilation, The Best of En Vogue, was released.

[edit] 2000–03: Masterpiece Theatre and new member

Masterpiece Theatre, the group's fourth studio album, was released in May 2000. The album debuted at number sixty-seven and thirty-three on the Billboard 200 and R&B Albums Charts respectively. The first (and only) single, "Riddle," peaked at number ninety-two and ninety-five on the Hot 100 and R&B charts. As a result of poor sales, En Vogue was dropped from the Elektra Record label.

In 2001, original member Maxine Jones left the group to focus on her family. As a result, Amanda Cole joined the group. Ellis, Herron and Cole released a holiday album, The Gift of Christmas. Soon after the holiday album, Cole too left the group and was replaced with Rhona Bennett. Meanwhile, Robinson's first solo CD Dawn was released in early 2002. During the latter part of 2003, En Vogue toured Europe with Maxine Jones rejoining the group to fill the place of Cindy Herron, who was on maternity leave.

[edit] 2004–07: Soul Flower and impromptu reunion

In 2004, En Vogue (now composed of Ellis, Herron and Bennett) released Soul Flower on independent label 33rd Street Records. While the album failed to chart on the Billboard 200, it managed to peak at number forty-seven on the R&B charts. The albums two singles: "Losin' My Mind" and "Ooh Boy", however, failed to chart. Soon after promotion had finished on this album, Maxine Jones returned to En Vogue, turning the group back into a quartet for the first time since 1996. The group teamed with Boyz II Men for select concert dates during the summer of 2004. That same year En Vogue graced the cover of R&B Showcase magazine.^[7]

In 2005, after an eight-year absence, Robinson rejoined En Vogue. The original four went on to sign with one of the industry's largest management firms, The Firm Management Group. That September, they joined Salt N Pepa for the girl groups' first-ever joint public performance of their 1994 hit, "Whatta Man" at VH-1's Hip Hop Honors, and briefly toured. They also earned another Grammy nomination for the single "So What the Fuss", which featured Stevie Wonder and Prince. The group also appeared in the single's music video. After failing to agree on business terms, Robinson once again chose to defect from En Vogue and Bennett returned. As a result, En Vogue was let go from The Firm. En Vogue continued to perform spot dates in North America with Terry Ellis, Maxine Jones, Cindy Herron and Rhona Bennett. This line-up also saw the group return to Europe and Japan for select concert dates. During this time, En Vogue teamed up with Belgian singer Natalia for a song called "Glamorous" where Rhona Bennett's vocals are featured. The single reached No.2 in the Belgian charts and was followed by a DVD release of the concert, which went double platinum.

2008–11: Robinson returns again [link]

On June 24, 2008, the original lineup of En Vogue appeared on the BET Awards, performing with Alicia Keys, SWV and TLC as a tribute to girl groups of the 1990s. With speculation abuzz, En Vogue received the twenty-eighth highest number of hits on the Rock on the Net website for the month of June 2008. The following month, the group ascended to the twelfth position. As of June 30, Robinson stated via an En Vogue Yahoo! fan site that she had indeed returned to En Vogue. On August 6, the original members appeared on Los Angeles' KTLA television station and announced that they have reunited and would do spot dates around the country during the latter part of 2008. The foursome kicked off the Americana at Brand Concert Series in Glendale, California that same evening.^[8] Furthermore, En Vogue performed at the 2009 Essence Music Festival, at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans. They continue to tour throughout the United States. In October 2010, the band performed their first UK show in 18 years in London.

On September 26, 2011, a new single called "I´ll Cry Later" was sent to select urban adult contemporary radio stations.^[9]

Robinson left En Vogue again in December 2011.^[10]

2012: No new album [link]

In March 2012, a lawsuit was filed by Wells Fargo Bank against Rufftown, Inc. for breach of contract.^{[citation needed]} On May 8, Cindy Herron announced on their official En Vogue Facebook page, that no new album is coming out.^{[citation needed]} En Vogue is touring in 2012.

Members [link]

Member		89	90	91	92	93	94	95	96	97	98	99	00	01	02	03	04	05	06	07	08	09	10	11	12
	Terry Ellis (1989–present)
	Cindy Herron (1989–present)
	Maxine Jones (1989–2001, 2003–present)
	Dawn Robinson (1989–1997, 2005, 2008–2011)
	Rhona Bennett (2003–2005, 2006–2008)
	Amanda Cole (2002–2003)

Note: those in bold are current members.

Television and film [link]

En Vogue has appeared in Sesame Street specials including Sesame Street's 25th Birthday: A Musical Celebration and Elmopalooza in 1998. In Sesame Street's 25th Birthday: A Musical Celebration, the four original members sang "Adventure" about their adventures with some of the Sesame Street characters. The second song was "I Want a Monster"; a song about having a monster as a playmate. It appeared on Elmopalooza and was recorded after Robinson's departure- featuring Terry Ellis, Maxine Jones and Cindy Herron.

In 1993, the group appeared in a "Wanda" sketch with Jamie Foxx on In Living Color.

In the 1995 film Batman Forever, they appeared in a cameo appearance as a group of prostitutes who want to seduce Batman, but are disappointed when it is Robin who shows up instead; Robinson also appeared as a holographic prostitute demonstrating how to assemble an appropriate outfit in the film Tank Girl.

En Vogue has also appeared in A Different World as a group of country bumpkin sisters who want to sing.

The group also appeared on more than one episode of the highly acclaimed Charles S. Dutton Fox 90's television show Roc, with one of the ladies playing a love interest of Rocky Carrol's character Joey who has to choose between staying with Joey or touring with the rest of the En Vogue ladies. En Vogue recorded a brand new theme song, entitled "Live Your Life Today" for Roc's later season's.

They also recorded the theme song for Season 1 of Hangin' with Mr. Cooper, along with Dawnn Lewis and Holly Robinson-Peete.

On May 11, 2009 the group appeared on ABC's The View to perform & announce their future reunion tour. On June 7, 2009 the group appeared on A&E Network's Private Sessions, performing select hits and discussing the group's past, present and future.

Discography [link]

Main article: En Vogue discography

Studio albums

1990: Born to Sing
1992: Funky Divas
1997: EV3
2000: Masterpiece Theatre
2002: The Gift of Christmas
2004: Soul Flower

EPs

1991: Remix to Sing
1993: Runaway Love

Awards [link]

Main article: List of awards and nominations received by En Vogue

References [link]

^ Billboard.com - Biography - En Vogue
^ En Vogue | Music Artist | Videos, News, Photos & Ringtones | MTV
^ [1]^{[dead link]}
^ [2]^{[dead link]}
^ Real.com - Article - En Vogue
^ "Don't think I can make it. By Denzil Foster, Thomas McElroy, Will Townsend, Pharoah Davis, Warren Robinson & Andre Zachary part 2 - song, music - Copyright Info". Faqs.org. http://www.faqs.org/copyright/dont-think-i-can-make-it-by-denzil-foster-thomas-mcelroy-2/. Retrieved 2012-05-11.
^ - Reference - En Vogue in R&B Showcase Magazine
^ "En Vogue My Lovin' You're Never Gonna Get It on KTLA". YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z1OUGJazwzA. Retrieved 2012-05-11.
^ "New Music: En Vogue – “I’ll Cry Later” (Radio Rip) « Pop Addicts". Popaddicts.com. http://popaddicts.com/new-music-en-vogue-ill-cry-later-radio-rip/. Retrieved 2012-05-11.
^ http://twitter.com/#!/dawnrobinson_/status/156806731542962176

External links [link]

	Book: En Vogue
Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print.

En Vogue at Rock on the Net.
En Vogue at Allmusic
En Vogue On AOL
En Vogue Videos

v t e En Vogue

Terry Ellis Cindy Herron Maxine Jones Amanda Cole Rhona Bennett Dawn Robinson

Albums	Born to Sing (1990) Funky Divas (1992) EV3 (1997) Masterpiece Theatre (2000) The Gift of Christmas (2002) Soul Flower (2004)

Other releases	Remix to Sing (1991) Runaway Love (1993)

Compilations	Best of En Vogue (1999) Very Best of En Vogue (2001) Hold On and Other Hits (2005) The Essentials (2005) The Platinum Collection (2007) Don't Let Go: The Very Best of En Vogue (2010)

Singles	"Hold On" " Lies" " You Don't Have to Worry" " Don't Go" " Strange" "My Lovin' (You're Never Gonna Get It)" "Giving Him Something He Can Feel" "Yesterday" "Free Your Mind" "Give It Up, Turn It Loose" "Love Don't Love You" "Runaway Love" "What Is Love" "Whatta Man" "Don't Let Go (Love)" " Whatever" "Too Gone, Too Long" "No Fool No More" "Hold On" (Remix) "Riddle" "Losin' My Mind" "Ooh Boy"

Featured singles	"Freedom (Theme from Panther)" (w/ Various Artists) "Free Your Mind" (w/ Sub7even) "So What the Fuss" (w/ Stevie Wonder & Prince) " Glamorous" (w/ Natalia)

Related topics	Discography Awards and nominations Foster & McElroy

Book:En Vogue

http://wn.com/En_Vogue

http://fr.wn.com/En Vogue

http://nl.wn.com/En Vogue

http://pt.wn.com/En Vogue

http://de.wn.com/En Vogue

http://it.wn.com/En Vogue

http://cs.wn.com/En Vogue

http://pl.wn.com/En Vogue

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/En_Vogue

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

This article is about the person. For her 1985 eponymous album, see Whitney Houston (album).

Whitney Houston
Whitney Houston performing at Good Morning America in Central Park on September 1, 2009
Background information
Birth name	Whitney Elizabeth Houston
Born	(1963-08-09)August 9, 1963 Newark, New Jersey, U.S.
Died	February 11, 2012(2012-02-11) (aged 48) Beverly Hills, California, U.S.
Genres	R&B, soul, pop, dance, gospel
Occupations	Singer, actress, model, film producer, record producer, songwriter
Instruments	Vocals, piano
Years active	1977–2012
Labels	Arista, RCA
Associated acts	Cissy Houston, Dionne Warwick, Dee Dee Warwick, Aretha Franklin, Jermaine Jackson, Mariah Carey, Enrique Iglesias, Bobby Brown
Website	Official website Whitney Houston's autograph

Whitney Elizabeth Houston (August 9, 1963 – February 11, 2012) was an American recording artist, actress, producer, and model. In 2009, the Guinness World Records cited her as the most-awarded female act of all-time.^[1] Houston was one of the world's best-selling music artists, having sold over 170 million albums, singles and videos worldwide.^[2]^[3] She released seven studio albums and three movie soundtrack albums, all of which have diamond, multi-platinum, platinum or gold certification. Houston's crossover appeal on the popular music charts, as well as her prominence on MTV, starting with her video for "How Will I Know",^[4] influenced several African American female artists to follow in her footsteps.^[5]^[6]

Houston is the only artist to chart seven consecutive No. 1 Billboard Hot 100 hits.^[7] She is the second artist behind Elton John and the only female artist to have two number-one Billboard 200 Album awards (formerly "Top Pop Album") on the Billboard magazine year-end charts.^[8] Houston's 1985 debut album Whitney Houston became the best-selling debut album by a female act at the time of its release. The album was named Rolling Stone's best album of 1986, and was ranked at number 254 on Rolling Stone's list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.^[9] Her second studio album Whitney (1987) became the first album by a female artist to debut at number one on the Billboard 200 albums chart.^[9]

Houston's first acting role was as the star of the feature film The Bodyguard (1992). The film's original soundtrack won the 1994 Grammy Award for Album of the Year. Its lead single "I Will Always Love You", became the best-selling single by a female artist in music history. With the album, Houston became the first act (solo or group, male or female) to sell more than a million copies of an album within a single week period under Nielsen SoundScan system.^[9] The album makes her the top female act in the top 10 list of the best-selling albums of all time, at number four. Houston continued to star in movies and contribute to their soundtracks, including the films Waiting to Exhale (1995) and The Preacher's Wife (1996). The Preacher's Wife soundtrack became the best-selling gospel album in history.^[10]

Life and career [link]

1963–1976: Early life [link]

Whitney Houston was born in what was then a middle-income neighborhood in Newark, New Jersey, the second child of Army serviceman and entertainment executive John Russell Houston, Jr. (September 13, 1920 – February 2, 2003), and gospel singer Cissy Houston (née Emily Drinkard).^[11] She was of African American, Native American and Dutch descent.^[12] Her mother, along with cousins Dionne Warwick and Dee Dee Warwick, godmother Darlene Love^[13] and honorary aunt Aretha Franklin^[14] were all notable figures in the gospel, rhythm and blues, pop, and soul genres.^[15] She met her honorary aunt at age 8, or 9, when her mother took her to a recording studio.^[16] Houston was raised a Baptist, but was also exposed to the Pentecostal church. After the 1967 Newark riots, the family moved to a middle-class area in East Orange, New Jersey, when she was four.^[17]

At the age of 11, Houston began to follow in her mother's footsteps and started performing as a soloist in the junior gospel choir at the New Hope Baptist Church in Newark, where she also learned to play the piano.^[18] Her first solo performance in the church was "Guide Me, O Thou Great Jehovah".^[19] When Houston was a teenager, she attended Mount Saint Dominic Academy, a Catholic girls' high school in Caldwell, New Jersey, where she met her best friend Robyn Crawford, whom she described as the "sister she never had".^[20] While Houston was still in school, her mother continued to teach her how to sing.^[5] In addition to her mother, Franklin, and Warwick, Houston was also exposed to the music of Chaka Khan, Gladys Knight, and Roberta Flack, most of whom would have an impact on her as a singer and performer.^[21]

1977–1984: Early career [link]

Houston spent some of her teenage years touring nightclubs where her mother Cissy was performing, and she would occasionally get on stage and perform with her. In 1977, at age 14, she became a backup singer on the Michael Zager Band's single "Life's a Party".^[22] In 1978, at age 15, Houston sang background vocals on Chaka Khan's hit single "I'm Every Woman", a song she would later turn into a larger hit for herself on her monster-selling The Bodyguard soundtrack album.^[23]^[24] She also sang back-up on albums by Lou Rawls and Jermaine Jackson.^[23]

In the early 1980s, Houston started working as a fashion model after a photographer saw her at Carnegie Hall singing with her mother. She appeared in Seventeen^[25] and became one of the first women of color to grace the cover of the magazine.^[26] She was also featured in layouts in the pages of Glamour, Cosmopolitan, Young Miss, and appeared in a Canada Dry soft drink TV commercial.^[27] Her striking looks and girl-next-door charm made her one of the most sought after teen models of that time.^[27] While modeling, she continued her burgeoning recording career by working with producers Michael Beinhorn, Bill Laswell and Martin Bisi on an album they were spearheading called One Down, which was credited to the group Material. For that project, Houston contributed the ballad "Memories", a cover of a song by Hugh Hopper of Soft Machine. Robert Christgau of The Village Voice called her contribution "one of the most gorgeous ballads you've ever heard".^[28] She also appeared as a lead vocalist on one track on a Paul Jabara album, entitled Paul Jabara and Friends, released by Columbia Records in 1983.^[29]

Houston had previously been offered several recording agencies (Michael Zager in 1980, and Elektra Records in 1981), however her mother declined the offers stating her daughter must first complete high school.^[22]^[30] In 1983, Gerry Griffith, an A&R representative from Arista Records, saw her performing with her mother in a New York City nightclub and was impressed. He convinced Arista's head Clive Davis to make time to see Houston perform. Davis too was impressed and offered a worldwide recording contract which Houston signed. Later that year, she made her national televised debut alongside Davis on The Merv Griffin Show.^[31]

Houston signed with Arista in 1983, but did not begin work on her album immediately.^[1] The label wanted to make sure no other label signed the singer away. Davis wanted to ensure he had the right material and producers for Houston's debut album. Some producers had to pass on the project due to prior commitments.^[32] Houston first recorded a duet with Teddy Pendergrass entitled "Hold Me" which appeared on his album, Love Language.^[33] The single was released in 1984 and gave Houston her first taste of success, becoming a Top 5 R&B hit.^[34] It would also appear on her debut album in 1985.

1985–1986: Rise to international prominence [link]

With production from Michael Masser, Kashif, Jermaine Jackson, and Narada Michael Walden, Houston's debut album Whitney Houston was released in February 1985. Rolling Stone magazine praised Houston, calling her "one of the most exciting new voices in years" while The New York Times called the album "an impressive, musically conservative showcase for an exceptional vocal talent".^[35]^[36] Arista Records promoted Houston's album with three different singles from the album in the US, UK and other European countries. In the UK, the dance-funk "Someone for Me", which failed to chart in the country, was the first single while "All at Once" was in such European countries as the Netherlands and Belgium, where the song reached the top 5 on the singles charts, respectively.^[37]

In the US, the soulful ballad "You Give Good Love" was chosen as the lead single from Houston's debut to establish her in the black marketplace first.^[38] Outside the US, the song failed to get enough attention to become a hit, but in the US, it gave the album its first major hit as it peaked at No. 3 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart, and No. 1 on the Hot R&B chart.^[32] As a result, the album began to sell strongly, and Houston continued promotion by touring nightclubs in the US. She also began performing on late-night television talk shows, which were not usually accessible to unestablished black acts. The jazzy ballad "Saving All My Love for You" was released next and it would become Houston's first No. 1 single in both the US and the UK. She was then an opening act for singer Jeffrey Osborne on his nationwide tour. "Thinking About You" was released as the promo single only to R&B-oriented radio stations, which peaked at number ten on the US R&B Chart. At the time, MTV had received harsh criticism for not playing enough videos by black, Latino, and other racial minorities while favoring white acts.^[39] The third US single, "How Will I Know", peaked at No. 1 and introduced Houston to the MTV audience thanks to its video. Houston's subsequent singles from this, and future albums, would make her the first African-American female artist to receive consistent heavy rotation on MTV.^[26]

By 1986, a year after its initial release, Whitney Houston topped the Billboard 200 albums chart and stayed there for 14 non-consecutive weeks.^[40] The final single, "Greatest Love of All", became Houston's biggest hit at the time after peaking No. 1 and remaining there for three weeks on the Hot 100 chart, which made her debut the first album by a female artist to yield three No. 1 hits. Houston was No. 1 artist of the year and Whitney Houston was the No. 1 album of the year on the 1986 Billboard year-end charts, making her the first female artist to earn that distinction.^[40] At the time, Houston released the best-selling debut album by a solo artist.^[41] Houston then embarked on her world tour, Greatest Love Tour. The album had become an international success, and was certified 13× platinum (diamond) in the United States alone, and has sold a total of 25 million copies worldwide.^[42]

At the 1986 Grammy Awards, Houston was nominated for three awards including Album of the Year.^[43] She was not eligible for the Best New Artist category due to her previous hit R&B duet recording with Teddy Pendergrass in 1984.^[44] She won her first Grammy award for Best Pop Vocal Performance, Female for "Saving All My Love for You".^[45] Houston's performance of the song during the Grammy telecast later earned her an Emmy Award for Outstanding Individual Performance in a Variety or Music Program.^[46]

Houston won seven American Music Awards in total in 1986 and 1987, and an MTV Video Music Award.^[47]^[48] The album's popularity would also carry over to the 1987 Grammy Awards when "Greatest Love of All" would receive a Record of the Year nomination. Houston's debut album is listed as one of Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time and on The Rock & Roll Hall of Fame's Definitive 200 list.^[49]^[50] Houston's grand entrance into the music industry is considered one of the 25 musical milestones of the last 25 years, according to USA Today.^[51] Following Houston's breakthrough, doors were opened for other African-American female artists such as Janet Jackson and Anita Baker to find notable success in popular music and on MTV.^[52]^[53]

[edit] 1987–1991: Whitney, I'm Your Baby Tonight and "The Star Spangled Banner"

With many expectations, Houston's second album, Whitney, was released in June 1987. The album again featured production from Masser, Kashif and Walden as well as Jellybean Benitez. Many critics complained that the material was too similar to her previous album. Rolling Stone said, "the narrow channel through which this talent has been directed is frustrating".^[54] Still, the album enjoyed commercial success. Houston became the first female artist in music history to debut at number one on the Billboard 200 albums chart, and the first artist to enter the albums chart at number one in both the US and UK, while also hitting number one or top ten in dozens of other countries around the world. The album's first single, "I Wanna Dance With Somebody (Who Loves Me)", was also a massive hit worldwide, peaking at No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and topping the singles chart in many countries such as Australia, Germany and the UK. The next three singles, "Didn't We Almost Have It All", "So Emotional", and "Where Do Broken Hearts Go" all peaked at number one on the US Hot 100 chart, which gave her a total of seven consecutive number one hits, breaking the record of six previously shared by The Beatles and The Bee Gees.^[55]^[56] Houston became the first female artist to generate four number-one singles from one album. Whitney has been certified 9× Platinum in the US for shipments of over 9 million copies, and has sold a total of 20 million copies worldwide.^[57]

At the 30th Grammy Awards in 1988, Houston was nominated for three awards, including Album of the Year, winning her second Grammy for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance for "I Wanna Dance With Somebody (Who Loves Me)".^[58]^[59] Houston also won two American Music Awards in 1988 and 1989, respectively, and a Soul Train Music Award.^[60]^[61]^[62] Following the release of the album, Houston embarked on the Moment of Truth World Tour, which was one of the ten highest grossing concert tours of 1987.^[63] The success of the tours during 1986–87 and her two studio albums ranked Houston No. 8 for the highest earning entertainers list according to Forbes magazine.^[64] She was the highest earning African-American woman overall and the third highest entertainer after Bill Cosby and Eddie Murphy.^[64]

Houston was a supporter of Nelson Mandela and the anti-apartheid movement. During her modeling days, the singer refused to work with any agencies who did business with the then-apartheid South Africa.^[65]^[66] On June 11, 1988, during the European leg of her tour, Houston joined other musicians to perform a set at Wembley Stadium in London to celebrate a then-imprisoned Nelson Mandela's 70th birthday.^[65] Over 72,000 people attended Wembley Stadium, and over a billion people tuned in worldwide as the rock concert raised over $1 million for charities while bringing awareness to apartheid.^[67] Houston then flew back to the US for a concert at Madison Square Garden in New York City in August. The show was a benefit concert that raised a quarter of a million dollars for the United Negro College Fund.^[68] In the same year, she recorded a song for NBC's coverage of the 1988 Summer Olympics, "One Moment in Time", which became a Top 5 hit in the US, while reaching number one in the UK and Germany.^[69]^[70]^[71] With her world tour continuing overseas, Houston was still one of the top 20 highest earning entertainers for 1987–88 according to Forbes magazine.^[72]^[73]

Houston performing "Saving All My Love for You" on the Welcome Home Heroes concert in 1991

In 1989, Houston formed The Whitney Houston Foundation For Children, a non-profit organization that has raised funds for the needs of children around the world. The organization cares for homelessness, children with cancer or AIDS, and other issues of self-empowerment.^[74] With the success of her first two albums, Houston was undoubtedly an international crossover superstar, the most prominent since Michael Jackson, appealing to all demographics. However, some black critics believed she was "selling out".^[6] They felt her singing on record lacked the soul that was present during her live concerts.^[25]

At the 1989 Soul Train Music Awards, when Houston's name was called out for a nomination, a few in the audience jeered.^[75]^[76] Houston defended herself against the criticism, stating, "If you're gonna have a long career, there's a certain way to do it, and I did it that way. I'm not ashamed of it".^[25] Houston took a more urban direction with her third studio album, I'm Your Baby Tonight, released in November 1990. She produced and chose producers for this album and as a result, it featured production and collaborations with L.A. Reid and Babyface, Luther Vandross, and Stevie Wonder. The album showed Houston's versatility on a new batch of tough rhythmic grooves, soulful ballads and up-tempo dance tracks. Reviews were mixed. Rolling Stone felt it was her "best and most integrated album".^[77] while Entertainment Weekly, at the time thought Houston's shift towards an urban direction was "superficial".^[78]

The album contained several hits: the first two singles, "I'm Your Baby Tonight" and "All the Man That I Need" peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart; "Miracle" peaked at number nine; "My Name Is Not Susan" peaked in the top twenty; "I Belong to You" reached the top ten of the US R&B chart and garnered Houston a Grammy nomination; and the sixth single, the Stevie Wonder duet "We Didn't Know", reached the R&B top twenty. The album peaked at number three on the Billboard 200 and went on to be certified 4× platinum in the US while selling twelve million total worldwide.

File:W. Houston & G. Bush at White house.jpg

Houston met with President George H. W. Bush in the Oval Office in 1990, while in Washington, D.C., to participate in the Youth Leadership Forum

In 1990, Houston was the spokesperson for a youth leadership conference hosted in Washington, D.C. She had a private audience with President George H. W. Bush in the Oval Office to discuss the associated challenges.

With America entangled in the Persian Gulf War, Houston performed "The Star Spangled Banner" at Super Bowl XXV at Tampa Stadium on January 27, 1991.^[79] Due to overwhelming response to her rendition, it was released as a commercial single and video of her performance, and reached the Top 20 on the US Hot 100, making her the only act to turn the national anthem into a pop hit of that magnitude (Jose Feliciano's version reached No. 50 in November 1968).^[80]^[81] Houston donated all her share of the proceeds to the American Red Cross Gulf Crisis Fund. As a result, the singer was named to the Red Cross Board of Governors.^[79]^[82]^[83]

Her rendition was considered the benchmark for singers and critically acclaimed.^[84] Rolling Stone commented that "her singing stirs such strong patriotism. Unforgettable", and the performance ranked No. 1 on the 25 most memorable music moments in NFL history list. VH1 listed the performance as one of the greatest moments that rocked TV.^[85]^[86] Following the attacks on 9/11, it was released again by Arista Records, all profits going towards the firefighters and victims of the attacks. This time it peaked at No. 6 in the Hot 100 and was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America.^[87]

Later in 1991, Houston put together her Welcome Home Heroes concert with HBO for the soldiers fighting in the Persian Gulf War and their families. The free concert took place at Naval Station Norfolk in Norfolk, Virginia in front of 3,500 servicemen and women. HBO descrambled the concert so that it was free for everyone to watch.^[88] Houston's concert gave HBO its highest ratings ever.^[89] She then embarked on the I'm Your Baby Tonight World Tour.

[edit] 1992–1994: Marriage to Bobby Brown and The Bodyguard

Throughout the 1980s, Houston was romantically linked to American football star Randall Cunningham and actor Eddie Murphy, whom she dated.^[90] She then met R&B singer Bobby Brown at the 1989 Soul Train Music Awards. After a three-year courtship, the two were married on July 18, 1992.^[91] On March 4, 1993, Houston gave birth to their daughter Bobbi Kristina Houston Brown, her only child, and his fourth. Brown would go on to have several run-ins with the law, including some jail time.^[91]

With the commercial success of her albums, movie offers poured in, including offers to work with Robert De Niro, Quincy Jones, and Spike Lee; but Houston felt the time wasn't right.^[90] Houston's first film role was in The Bodyguard, released in 1992 and co-starring Kevin Costner. Houston played Rachel Marron, a star who is stalked by a crazed fan and hires a bodyguard to protect her. USA Today listed it as one of the 25 most memorable movie moments of the last 25 years in 2007.^[92] Houston's mainstream appeal allowed people to look at the movie color-blind.^[93]

Still, controversy arose as some felt the film's advertising intentionally hid Houston's face to hide the film's interracial relationship. In an interview with Rolling Stone in 1993, the singer commented that "people know who Whitney Houston is – I'm black. You can't hide that fact."^[21] Houston received a Razzie Award nomination for Worst Actress. The Washington Post said Houston is "doing nothing more than playing Houston, comes out largely unscathed if that is possible in so cockamamie an undertaking",^[94] and The New York Times commented that she lacked passion with her co-star.^[95] Despite the film's mixed reviews, it was hugely successful at the box office, grossing more than $121 million in the U.S. and $410 million worldwide, making it one of the top 100 grossing films in film history at its time of release, though it is no longer in the top 100 due to rising ticket prices since the time the film was released.^[96]

The film's soundtrack also enjoyed big success. Houston executive produced and contributed six songs for the motion picture's adjoining soundtrack album. Rolling Stone said it is "nothing more than pleasant, tasteful and urbane".^[97] The soundtrack's lead single was "I Will Always Love You", written and originally recorded by Dolly Parton in 1974. Houston's version of the song was acclaimed by many critics, regarding it as her "signature song" or "iconic performance". Rolling Stone and USA Today called her rendition "the tour-de-force".^[98]^[99] The single peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 for a then-record-breaking 14 weeks, number one on the R&B chart for a then-record-breaking 11 weeks, and number one on the Adult Contemporary charts for five weeks, thus becoming the first single to top those three charts simultaneously for five weeks.^[100]

The single was certified 4× platinum by the RIAA, making Houston the first female artist with a single to reach that level in the RIAA history and becoming the best-selling single by a female artist in the US.^[101]^[102]^[103] The song also became a global success, hitting number-one in almost all countries, and one of the best-selling singles of all time with 12 million copies sold.^[104] The soundtrack topped the Billboard 200 chart and remained there for 20 non-consecutive weeks, the longest tenure by any album on the chart in the Nielsen SoundScan era, and became one of the fastest selling albums ever.^[105] During Christmas week of 1992, the soundtrack sold over a million copies within a week, becoming the first album to achieve that feat under Nielsen SoundScan system.^[106]^[107] With the follow-up singles "I'm Every Woman", a Chaka Khan cover, and "I Have Nothing" both reaching the top five, Houston became the first female artist to ever have three singles in the Top 11 simultaneously.^[108]^[109]^[110] The album was certified 17× platinum in the US alone,^[111] with worldwide sales of 44 million,^[112] making The Bodyguard the biggest-selling album by a female act on the list of the world's Top 10 best-selling albums, topping Shania Twain's 40 million sold for Come On Over.^[113]

Houston won three Grammys for the album in 1994, including two of the Academy's highest honors, Album of the Year and Record of the Year. In addition, she won a record 8 American Music Awards at that year's ceremony including the Award of Merit,^[114] 11 Billboard Music Awards, 3 Soul Train Music Awards in 1993–94 including Sammy Davis, Jr. Award as Entertainer of the Year,^[115] 5 NAACP Image Awards including Entertainer of the Year,^[116]^[117]^[118] a record 5 World Music Awards,^[119] and a BRIT award.^[120] Following the success of the project, Houston embarked on another expansive global tour, The Bodyguard World Tour, in 1993–94. Her concerts, movie, and recording grosses made her the third highest earning female entertainer of 1993–94, just behind Oprah Winfrey and Barbra Streisand according to Forbes magazine.^[121] Houston placed in the top five of Entertainment Weekly's annual "Entertainer of the Year" ranking^[122] and was labeled by Premiere magazine as one of the 100 most powerful people in Hollywood.^[123]

In October 1994, Houston attended and performed at a state dinner in the White House honoring newly elected South African president Nelson Mandela.^[124]^[125] At the end of her world tour, Houston performed three concerts in South Africa to honor President Mandela, playing to over 200,000 people. This would make the singer the first major musician to visit the newly unified and apartheid free nation following Mandela's winning election.^[126] The concert was broadcast live on HBO with funds of the concerts being donated to various charities in South Africa. The event was considered the nation's "biggest media event since the inauguration of Nelson Mandela".^[127]

[edit] 1995–1997: Waiting to Exhale, The Preacher's Wife, and Cinderella

In 1995, Houston starred alongside Angela Bassett, Loretta Devine, and Lela Rochon in her second film Waiting to Exhale, a motion picture about four African-American women struggling with relationships. Houston played the lead character Savannah Jackson, a TV producer in love with a married man. She chose the role because she saw the film as "a breakthrough for the image of black women because it presents them both as professionals and as caring mothers".^[128] After opening at number one and grossing $67 million in the US at the box office and $81 million worldwide,^[129] it proved that a movie primarily targeting a black audience can cross over to success, while paving the way for other all-black movies such as How Stella Got Her Groove Back and the Tyler Perry movies that have become popular in the 2000s.^[130]^[131]^[132] The film is also notable for its portrayal of black women as strong middle class citizens as opposed to stereotypes.^[133] The reviews were mainly positive for the ensemble cast. The New York Times said "Ms. Houston has shed the defensive hauteur that made her portrayal of a pop star in 'The Bodyguard' seem so distant."^[134] Houston was nominated for an NAACP Image Award for "Outstanding Actress In A Motion Picture", but lost to her co-star Bassett.

The film's accompanying soundtrack, Waiting to Exhale: Original Soundtrack Album, was produced by Houston and Babyface. Though Babyface originally wanted Houston to record the entire album, she declined. Instead, she "wanted it to be an album of women with vocal distinction", and thus gathered several African-American female artists for the soundtrack, to go along with the film's strong women message.^[128] As a result, the album featured a range of contemporary R&B female recording artists along with Houston, such as Mary J Blige, Aretha Franklin, Toni Braxton, Patti Labelle, and Brandy. Houston's "Exhale (Shoop Shoop)" peaked at No. 1, and then spent a record eleven weeks at the No. 2 spot and eight weeks on top of the R&B Charts. "Count On Me", a duet with CeCe Winans, hit the US Top 10; and Houston's third contribution, "Why Does It Hurt So Bad", made the Top 30. The album debuted at No. 1, and was certified 7× Platinum in the United States, denoting shipments of seven million copies.^[57] The soundtrack received strong reviews as Entertainment Weekly said "the album goes down easy, just as you'd expect from a package framed by Whitney Houston tracks.... the soundtrack waits to exhale, hovering in sensuous suspense"^[135] and has since ranked it as one of the 100 Best Movie Soundtracks.^[136] Later that year, Houston's children's charity organization was awarded a VH1 Honor for all the charitable work.^[137]

In 1996, Houston starred in the holiday comedy The Preacher's Wife, with Denzel Washington. She plays a gospel-singing wife of a pastor (Courtney B. Vance). It was largely an updated remake of the 1948 film "The Bishop's Wife" which starred Loretta Young, David Niven and Cary Grant. Houston earned $10 million for the role, making her one of the highest-paid actresses in Hollywood at the time and the highest earning African American actress in Hollywood.^[138] The movie, with its all African-American cast, was a moderate success, earning approximately $50 million at the U.S. box offices.^[139] The movie gave Houston her strongest reviews so far. The San Francisco Chronicle said Houston "is rather angelic herself, displaying a divine talent for being virtuous and flirtatious at the same time" and that she "exudes gentle yet spirited warmth, especially when praising the Lord in her gorgeous singing voice".^[140] Houston was again nominated for an NAACP Image Award and won for Outstanding Actress In A Motion Picture.

Houston recorded and co-produced, with Mervyn Warren, the film's accompanying gospel soundtrack. The Preacher's Wife: Original Soundtrack Album included six gospel songs with Georgia Mass Choir that were recorded at the Great Star Rising Baptist Church in Atlanta. Houston also duetted with gospel legend Shirley Caesar. The album sold six million copies worldwide and scored hit singles with "I Believe in You and Me" and "Step by Step", becoming the largest selling gospel album of all time. The album received mainly positive reviews. Some critics, such as that of USA Today, noted the presence of her emotional depth,^[141] while The Times said "To hear Houston going at full throttle with the 35 piece Georgia Mass Choir struggling to keep up is to realise what her phenomenal voice was made for".^[142]

In 1997, Houston's production company changed its name to BrownHouse Productions and was joined by Debra Martin Chase. Their goal was "to show aspects of the lives of African-Americans that have not been brought to the screen before" while improving how African-Americans are portrayed in film and television.^[143] Their first project was a made-for-television remake of Rodgers & Hammerstein's Cinderella. In addition to co-producing, Houston starred in the movie as the Fairy Godmother along with Brandy, Jason Alexander, Whoopi Goldberg, and Bernadette Peters. Houston was initially offered the role of Cinderella in 1993, but other projects intervened.^[144] The film is notable for its multi-racial cast and nonstereotypical message.^[145] An estimated 60 million viewers tuned into the special giving ABC its highest TV ratings in 16 years.^[146] The movie received seven Emmy nominations including Outstanding Variety, Musical or Comedy, while winning Outstanding Art Direction in a Variety, Musical or Comedy Special.^[147]

Houston and Chase then obtained the rights to the story of Dorothy Dandridge. Houston was to play Dandridge, who was the first African American actress to be nominated for an Oscar. She wanted the story told with dignity and honor.^[143] However, Halle Berry also had rights to the project and she got her version going first.^[148] Later that year, Houston paid tribute to her idols such as Aretha Franklin, Diana Ross, and Dionne Warwick by performing their hits during the three-night HBO Concert Classic Whitney, live from Washington, D.C. The special raised over $300,000 for the Children's Defense Fund.^[149] Houston received The Quincy Jones Award for outstanding career achievements in the field of entertainment at the 12th Soul Train Music Awards.^[150]^[151]

[edit] 1998–2000: My Love Is Your Love and Whitney: The Greatest Hits

After spending much of the early and mid 1990s working on motion pictures and their soundtrack albums, Houston's first studio album in eight years, the critically acclaimed My Love Is Your Love, was released in November 1998. Though originally slated to be a greatest hits album with a handful of new songs, recording sessions were so fruitful that a new full-length studio album was released. Recorded and mixed in only six weeks, it featured production from Rodney Jerkins, Wyclef Jean and Missy Elliott. The album debuted at number thirteen, its peak position, on the Billboard 200 chart.^[152] It had a funkier and edgier sound than past releases and saw Houston handling urban dance, hip hop, mid-tempo R&B, reggae, torch songs, and ballads all with great dexterity.^[153]

From late 1998 to early 2000, the album spawned several hit singles: "When You Believe" (US No. 15, UK No. 4), a duet with Mariah Carey for 1998's The Prince of Egypt soundtrack, which also became an international hit as it peaked in the Top 10 in several countries and won an Academy Award for Best Original Song;^[154] "Heartbreak Hotel" (US No. 2, UK No. 25) featured Faith Evans and Kelly Price, received a 1999 MTV VMA nomination for Best R&B Video,^[155] and number one on the US R&B chart for seven weeks; "It's Not Right But It's Okay" (US No. 4, UK No. 3) won Houston her sixth Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance;^[156] "My Love Is Your Love" (US No. 4, UK No. 2) with 3 million copies sold worldwide;^[157] and "I Learned from the Best" (US No. 27, UK No. 19).^[158]^[159] These singles became international hits as well, and all the singles, except "When You Believe", became number one hits on the Billboard Hot Dance/Club Play chart. The album sold four million copies in America, making it certified 4× platinum, and a total of eleven million copies worldwide.^[42]

The album gave Houston some of her strongest reviews ever. Rolling Stone said Houston was singing "with a bite in her voice"^[160] and The Village Voice called it "Whitney's sharpest and most satisfying so far".^[161] In 1999, Houston participated in VH-1's Divas Live '99, alongside Brandy, Mary J. Blige, Tina Turner, and Cher. The same year, Houston hit the road with her 70 date My Love Is Your Love World Tour. The European leg of the tour was Europe's highest grossing arena tour of the year.^[162] In November 1999, Houston was named Top-selling R&B Female Artist of the Century with certified US sales of 51 million copies at the time and The Bodyguard Soundtrack was named the Top-selling Soundtrack Album of the Century by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).^[163] She also won The Artist of the Decade, Female award for extraordinary artistic contributions during the 1990s at the 14th Soul Train Music Awards, and an MTV Europe Music Award for Best R&B.^[164]^[165]^[166]^[167]^[168]

In May 2000, Whitney: The Greatest Hits was released worldwide. The double disc set peaked at number five in the United States, reaching number one in the United Kingdom.^[159]^[169] In addition, the album reached the Top 10 in many other countries.^[170] While ballad songs were left unchanged, the album features house/club remixes of many of Houston's up-tempo hits. Included on the album were four new songs: "Could I Have This Kiss Forever" (a duet with Enrique Iglesias), "Same Script, Different Cast" (a duet with Deborah Cox), "If I Told You That" (a duet with George Michael), and "Fine", and three hits that had never appeared on a Houston album: "One Moment in Time", "The Star Spangled Banner", and "If You Say My Eyes Are Beautiful", a duet with Jermaine Jackson from his 1986 Precious Moments album.^[171] Along with the album, an accompanying VHS and DVD was released featuring the music videos to Houston's greatest hits, as well as several hard-to-find live performances including her 1983 debut on The Merv Griffin Show, and interviews.^[172] The greatest hits album was certified 3× platinum in the US, with worldwide sales of 10 million.^[173]^[174]

[edit] 2000–2005: Just Whitney, and personal struggles

Though Houston was seen as a "good girl" with a perfect image in the 1980s and early 1990s, by the late 1990s, her behavior changed. She was often hours late for interviews, photo shoots and rehearsals, and canceling concerts and talk-show appearances.^[175]^[176] With the missed performances and weight loss, rumors about Houston using drugs with her husband circulated. On January 11, 2000, airport security guards discovered marijuana in both Houston's and husband Bobby Brown's luggage at a Hawaii airport, but the two boarded the plane and departed before authorities could arrive. Charges were later dropped against them,^[177] but rumors of drug usage between the couple would continue to surface. Two months later, Clive Davis was inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame. Houston had been scheduled to perform at the event, but failed to show up.^[178]

Shortly thereafter, Houston was scheduled to perform at the Academy Awards but was fired from the event by musical director and longtime friend Burt Bacharach. Her publicist cited throat problems as the reason for the cancellation. In his book The Big Show: High Times and Dirty Dealings Backstage at the Academy Awards, author Steve Pond revealed that "Houston's voice was shaky, she seemed distracted and jittery, and her attitude was casual, almost defiant", and that while Houston was to sing "Over the Rainbow", she would start singing a different song.^[179] Houston later admitted to having been fired.^[180] Later that year, Houston's long-time executive assistant and friend, Robyn Crawford, resigned from Houston's management company.^[178]

In August 2001, Houston signed the biggest record deal in music history with Arista/BMG. She renewed her contract for $100 million to deliver six new albums, on which she would also earn royalties.^[181]^[182]^[183] She later made an appearance on Michael Jackson: 30th Anniversary Special. Her extremely thin frame further spurred rumors of drug use. Houston's publicist said, "Whitney has been under stress due to family matters, and when she is under stress she doesn't eat."^[184] The singer was scheduled for a second performance the following night but canceled.^[185] Within weeks, Houston's rendition of "The Star Spangled Banner" would be re-released after the September 11 attacks, with the proceeds donated to the New York Firefighters 9/11 Disaster Relief Fund and the New York Fraternal Order of Police.^[186] The song peaked at No. 6 this time on the US Hot 100, topping its previous position.^[158]

In 2002, Houston became involved in a legal dispute with John Houston Enterprise. Although the company was started by her father to manage her career, it was actually run by company president Kevin Skinner. Skinner filed a breach-of-contract lawsuit and sued for $100 million (but lost), stating that Houston owed the company previously unpaid compensation for helping to negotiate her $100 million contract with Arista Records and for sorting out legal matters.^[187] Houston stated that her 81-year-old father had nothing to do with the lawsuit. Although Skinner tried to claim otherwise, John Houston never appeared in court.^[188] Houston's father later died in February 2003.^[189] The lawsuit was dismissed on April 5, 2004, and Skinner was awarded nothing.^[190]

Also in 2002, Houston did an interview with Diane Sawyer to promote her then-upcoming album. The interview was the highest-rated television interview in history.^{[citation needed]} During the prime-time special, Houston spoke on topics including rumored drug use and marriage. She was asked about the ongoing drug rumors and replied, "First of all, let's get one thing straight. Crack is cheap. I make too much money to ever smoke crack. Let's get that straight. Okay? We don't do crack. We don't do that. Crack is wack."^[180] The line was from Keith Haring's mural which was painted in 1986 on the handball court at 128th Street and 2nd Avenue.^[191] Houston did, however, admit to using other substances at times, including cocaine.^[180]

In December 2002, Houston released her fifth studio album, Just Whitney.... The album included productions from then-husband Bobby Brown, as well as Missy Elliott and Babyface, and marked the first time that Houston did not produce with Clive Davis as Davis had been released by top management at BMG. Upon its release, Just Whitney... received mixed reviews.^[192] The album debuted at number 9 on the Billboard 200 chart and it had the highest first week sales of any album Houston had ever released.^[193] The four singles released from the album, didn't fare well on the Billboard Hot 100, but became Hot Dance Club Play hits. Just Whitney... was certified platinum in the United States, and sold approximately three million worldwide.^[194]

On a June 2003 trip to Israel, Houston said of her visit, "I've never felt like this in any other country. I feel at home, I feel wonderful."^[195]

In late 2003, Houston released her first Christmas album One Wish: The Holiday Album, with a collection of traditional holiday songs. Houston produced the album with Mervyn Warren and Gordon Chambers. A single titled "One Wish (for Christmas)" reached the Top 20 on the Adult Contemporary chart, and the album was certified gold in the US. Having always been a touring artist, Houston spent most of 2004 touring and performing in Europe, the Middle East, Asia, and Russia. In September 2004, she gave a surprise performance at the World Music Awards in a tribute to long time friend Clive Davis. After the show, Davis and Houston announced plans to go into studio to work on her new album.^[196]

In early 2004, husband Bobby Brown starred in his own reality TV program, Being Bobby Brown (on the Bravo network), which provided a view into the domestic goings-on in the Brown household. Though it was Brown's vehicle, Houston was a prominent figure throughout the show, receiving as much screen time as Brown. The series aired in 2005 and featured Houston in, what some would say, not her most flattering moments. The Hollywood Reporter said it was "undoubtedly the most disgusting and execrable series ever to ooze its way onto television."^[197] Despite the perceived train-wreck nature of the show, the series gave Bravo its highest ratings in its time slot and continued Houston's successful forays into film and television.^[198] The show was not renewed for a second season after Houston stated that she would no longer appear in it, and Brown and Bravo could not come to an agreement for another season.^[199]

[edit] 2006–2012: Return to music, I Look to You, tour and film comeback

After years of controversy and turmoil, Houston separated from Bobby Brown in September 2006, filing for divorce the following month.^[200] On February 1, 2007, Houston asked the court to fast track their divorce.^[201] The divorce was finalized on April 24, 2007, with Houston granted custody of the couple's daughter.^[202] On May 4, Houston sold the suburban Atlanta home featured in Being Bobby Brown for $1.19 million.^[203] A few days later, Brown sued Houston in Orange County, California court in an attempt to change the terms of their custody agreement. Brown also sought child and spousal support from Houston. In the lawsuit, Brown claimed that financial and emotional problems prevented him from properly responding to Houston's divorce petition.^[204] Brown lost at his court hearing as the judge dismissed his appeal to overrule the custody terms, leaving Houston with full custody and Brown with no spousal support.^[205] In March 2007, Clive Davis of Arista Records announced that Houston would begin recording a new album.^[206] In October 2007, Arista released another compilation The Ultimate Collection outside the United States.^[207]

Houston performing "My Love Is Your Love" with her daughter Bobbi Kristina Brown on Good Morning America, September 1, 2009

Houston gave her first interview in seven years in September 2009, appearing on Oprah Winfrey's season premiere. The interview was billed as "the most anticipated music interview of the decade".^[208] Whitney admitted on the show to using drugs with former husband Bobby Brown, who "laced marijuana with rock cocaine".^[209] By 1996, she told Oprah, "[doing drugs] was an everyday thing... I wasn't happy by that point in time. I was losing myself."^[210]

Houston released her new album, I Look to You, in August 2009.^[211] The album's first two singles are "I Look to You" and "Million Dollar Bill". The album entered the Billboard 200 at No. 1, with Houston's best opening-week sales of 305,000 copies, marking Houston's first number one album since The Bodyguard, and Houston's first studio album to reach number one since 1987's Whitney. Houston also appeared on European television programs to promote the album. She performed the song "I Look to You" on the German television show Wetten, dass..?. Three days later, she performed the worldwide first single from I Look To You, Million Dollar Bill, on the French television show Le Grand Journal. Houston appeared as guest mentor on The X Factor in the United Kingdom. She performed "Million Dollar Bill" on the following day's results show, completing the song even as a strap in the back of her dress popped open two minutes into the performance. She later commented that she "sang [herself] out of [her] clothes".

The performance was poorly received by the British media, and was variously described as "weird" and "ungracious",^[212] "shambolic"^[213] and a "flop". Despite this reception, "Million Dollar Bill" jumped to its peak from 14 to number 5 (her first UK top 5 for over a decade), and three weeks after release "I Look to You" went gold. Houston appeared on the Italian version of The X Factor, performing the same song "Million Dollar Bill" to excellent reviews.^[214] She was awarded the Gold Certificate for achieving over 50,000 CD sales of "I Look To You" in Italy.^[215] In November, Houston performed "I Didn't Know My Own Strength" at the 2009 American Music Awards in Los Angeles, California. Two days later, Houston performed both songs on the Dancing With The Stars season 9 finale. As of December 2009, "I Look to You" has been certified platinum by the RIAA for sales of more than one million copies in the United States.^[216] On January 26, 2010, her debut album was re-released in a special edition entitled Whitney Houston – The Deluxe Anniversary Edition.^[217]

Whitney Houston at the O2 Arena, April 28, 2010, as part of her Nothing but Love World Tour

Houston later embarked on a world tour, entitled the Nothing but Love World Tour. It was her first world tour in over ten years and was announced as a triumphant comeback. However, some poor reviews and rescheduled concerts brought some negative media attention.^[218]^[219] Houston canceled some concerts due to illness and received widespread negative reviews from fans who were disappointed in the quality of her voice and performance. Some fans reportedly walked out of her concerts.^[220]

In January 2010, Houston was nominated for two NAACP Image Awards, one for Best Female Artist and one for Best Music Video. She won the award for Best Music Video for her single "I Look to You". On January 16, she received The BET Honors Award for Entertainer citing her lifetime achievements spanning over 25 years in the industry. The 2010 BET Honors award was held at the Warner Theatre in Washington, D.C. and aired on February 1, 2010. Jennifer Hudson and Kim Burrell performed in honor of her, garnering positive reviews. Houston also received a nomination from the Echo Awards, Germany's version of the Grammys, for Best International Artist. In April 2010, the UK newspaper The Mirror reported that Houston was thinking about recording her eighth studio album and wanted to collaborate with will.i.am (of The Black Eyed Peas), her first choice for a collaboration.^[221]

Houston also performed the song "I Look to You" on the 2011 BET Celebration of Gospel, with gospel–jazz singer Kim Burrell, held at the Staples Center, Los Angeles. The performance aired on January 30, 2011. Early in 2011, she gave an uneven performance in tribute to cousin Dionne Warwick at music mogul Clive Davis' annual pre-Grammy gala. In May 2011, Houston enrolled in a rehabilitation center again, as an out-patient, citing drug and alcohol problems. A representative for Houston said that it was a part of Houston's "longstanding recovery process".^[222]

In September 2011, The Hollywood Reporter announced that Houston would produce and star alongside Jordin Sparks and Mike Epps in the remake of the 1976 film Sparkle. In the film, Houston portrays Sparks' "not-so encouraging mother". Houston would have executive producer credits on top of acting credits according to Debra Martin Chase, producer of Sparkle. She stated that Houston deserved the title considering she had been there from the beginning in 2001, when Houston obtained Sparkle production rights. R&B singer Aaliyah – originally tapped to star as Sparkle – died in a 2001 plane crash. Her death derailed production, which would have begun in 2002.^[223]^[224]^[225] Houston's remake of Sparkle was filmed in the fall of 2011,^[226] and is set for release by TriStar Pictures in August 2012.^[227]

Death [link]

The Beverly Hilton Hotel, where Houston's body was found

Wikinews has related news: American pop star Whitney Houston dies at 48

On February 9, 2012, Houston visited singers Brandy and Monica, together with Clive Davis, at their rehearsals for Davis' pre-Grammy Awards party at the Beverly Hilton Hotel in Beverly Hills.^[228]^[229] That same day, she made her last public performance, when she joined Kelly Price on stage in Hollywood, California, and sang "Jesus Loves Me".^[230]^[231]

On February 11, 2012, Houston was found dead in suite 434 at the Beverly Hilton Hotel, submerged in the bathtub.^[232]^[233] The cause of death was not immediately known.^[234]^[235] It was later ruled by the coroner to have been an "accidental drowning".^[236] Beverly Hills paramedics arrived at approximately 3:30 p.m. and found the singer unresponsive and performed CPR. Houston was pronounced dead at 3:55 p.m. PST.^[234]^[237] Local police said there were "no obvious signs of criminal intent."^[238] On March 22, 2012, the Los Angeles County coroner's office reported the cause of Houston's death was drowning and the "effects of atherosclerotic heart disease and cocaine use".^[239] The office stated the amount of cocaine found in Houston's body indicated that she used the substance shortly before her death.^[240] Toxicology results revealed additional drugs in her system: Benadryl, Xanax, marijuana and Flexiril.^[241] The manner of death was listed as an "accident".^[242]

Houston had an invitation-only memorial on Saturday, February 18, 2012, at the New Hope Baptist Church in Newark, New Jersey. The service was scheduled for two hours, but lasted for four hours.^[243] Among those who performed at the funeral were Stevie Wonder (rewritten version of "Ribbon in the Sky," and "Love's in Need of Love Today"), CeCe Winans ("Don't Cry" and "Jesus Loves Me"), Alicia Keys ("Send Me an Angel"), Kim Burrell (rewritten version of "A Change Is Gonna Come") and R. Kelly ("I Look to You"), interspersed with hymns by the church choir and remarks by Clive Davis, Houston’s record producer; Kevin Costner; Ricky Minor her music director; her cousin Dionne Warwick and Ray Watson, her security guard for the past 11 years. Aretha Franklin was listed on the program and was expected to sing, but was unable to attend the service.^[244]^[245] Bobby Brown, Houston's ex-husband, was also invited to the funeral but he left before the service began.^[246] Houston was buried on Sunday, February 19, 2012, in Fairview Cemetery, in Westfield, New Jersey next to her father, John Russell Houston, who died in 2003.^[247]

Reaction [link]

The Clive Davis' pre-Grammy party that Houston was expected to attend, and that featured many of the biggest names in music and movies, went on as scheduled although it was quickly turned into a tribute to Houston. Davis spoke about Houston's death at the evening's start: "By now you have all learned of the unspeakably tragic news of our beloved Whitney's passing. I don't have to mask my emotion in front of a room full of so many dear friends. I am personally devastated by the loss of someone who has meant so much to me for so many years. Whitney was so full of life. She was so looking forward to tonight even though she wasn't scheduled to perform. Whitney was a beautiful person and a talent beyond compare. She graced this stage with her regal presence and gave so many memorable performances here over the years. Simply put, Whitney would have wanted the music to go on and her family asked that we carry on."^[248]

Tony Bennett spoke of Houston's death before performing at Davis' party. He said, "First, it was Michael Jackson, then Amy Winehouse, now, the magnificent Whitney Houston". Bennett sang "How Do You Keep the Music Playing?" and said of Houston, "When I first heard her, I called Clive Davis and said, 'You finally found the greatest singer I've ever heard in my life.'"^[249]

Some celebrities opposed Davis' decision to continue on the party while a police investigation was being conducted in Houston's hotel room and her body was still in the building. Chaka Khan, in an interview with CNN's Piers Morgan on February 13, 2012, shared that she felt the party should have been canceled, saying "I thought that was complete insanity. And knowing Whitney I don't believe that she would have said 'the show must go on.' She's the kind of woman that would've said 'Stop everything! Un-unh. I'm not going to be there.' [...] I don't know what could motivate a person to have a party in a building where the person whose life he had influenced so enormously and whose life had been affected by hers. They were like... I don't understand how that party went on."^[250] Sharon Osbourne condemned the Davis party, declaring "I think it was disgraceful that the party went on. I don't want to be in a hotel room when there's someone you admire who's tragically lost their life four floors up. I'm not interested in being in that environment and I think when you grieve someone, you do it privately, you do it with people who understand you. I thought it was so wrong."^[251]

Several other celebrities released statements responding to Houston's death. Dolly Parton, whose song "I Will Always Love You" was covered by Houston, said, "I will always be grateful and in awe of the wonderful performance she did on my song and I can truly say from the bottom of my heart, 'Whitney, I will always love you. You will be missed'." Aretha Franklin said, "It's so stunning and unbelievable. I couldn't believe what I was reading coming across the TV screen."^[252] Mariah Carey said, "Heartbroken and in tears over the shocking death of my friend ... She will never be forgotten as one of the greatest voices to ever grace the earth."^[253] Oprah Winfrey, who did an in-depth interview with Houston in 2009, wrote on Twitter "To me Whitney was THE VOICE. We got to hear a part of God every time she sang. Heart is heavy, spirit grateful for the GIFT of her."^[254] Quincy Jones said, "I am absolutely heartbroken at the news of Whitney’s passing. Ashford & Simpson first made me aware of Whitney when she was just sixteen, and I always regretted not having had the opportunity to work with her. She was a true original and a talent beyond compare. I will miss her terribly."^[253]

Moments after news of her death emerged, CNN, MSNBC and Fox News all broke from their regularly scheduled programming to dedicate time to non-stop coverage of Houston's death. All three featured live interviews with people who knew Houston including those that have worked with her, interviewed her along with some of her peers in the music industry. Saturday Night Live displayed a photo of a smiling Houston, alongside Molly Shannon, from her 1996 appearance.^[255]^[256] MTV and VH-1 interrupted their regularly scheduled programming on Sunday February 12 to air many of Houston's classic videos with MTV often airing news segments in between and featuring various reactions from fans and celebrities.

Houston's former husband, Bobby Brown, was reported to be "in and out of crying fits" since receiving the news. He did not cancel a scheduled performance and within hours of his ex-wife's sudden death, an audience in Mississippi observed as Brown blew kisses skyward, tearfully saying: "I love you, Whitney".^[257]

Ken Ehrlich, executive producer of the 54th Grammy Awards, announced that Jennifer Hudson would perform a tribute to Houston at the February 12, 2012, awards. He said "event organizers believed Hudson – an Academy Award-winning actress and Grammy Award-winning artist – could perform a respectful musical tribute to Houston". Ehrlich went on to say: "It's too fresh in everyone's memory to do more at this time, but we would be remiss if we didn't recognize Whitney's remarkable contribution to music fans in general, and in particular her close ties with the Grammy telecast and her Grammy wins and nominations over the years".^[258] At the start of the awards ceremony, a footage of Houston performing "I Will Always Love You" from 1994 Grammys was shown following a prayer read by host, LL Cool J. Later in the program following a montage of photos of musicians who died in 2011 with Houston singing "Saving All My Love for You" at the 1986 Grammys, Hudson paid tribute to Houston and the other artists by performing "I Will Always Love You".^[259]^[260]

Houston was honored in the form of various tributes at the 43rd NAACP Image Awards, held on February 17. A image montage of Houston and important black figures who died in 2011 was followed by video footage from the 1994 ceremony, which depicted her accepting two Image Awards for outstanding female artist and entertainer of the year. Following the video tribute, Yolanda Adams delivered a rendition of "I Love the Lord" from The Preacher's Wife Soundtrack. In the finale of the ceremony, Kirk Franklin and The Family started their performance with "Greatest Love of All."^[261] The 2012 BRIT Awards, which took place at London's O2 Arena on February 21, also paid tribute to Houston by playing a 30-second-video montage of her music videos with a snippet of "One Moment in Time" as the background music in the ceremony's first segment.^[262] New Jersey Governor Chris Christie said that all New Jersey state flags would be flown at half-staff on Tuesday, February 21 to honor Houston.^[263] Accompanied by Esperanza Spalding belting out "What a Wonderful World" along with the Southern California Children's Choir, Houston was featured in the In Memoriam montage alongside other cinema greats at the 84th Academy Awards, held at the Hollywood and Highland Center on February 26, 2012.^[264]^[265]

Artistry and legacy [link]

Voice [link]

	"I Will Always Love You" (1992) noicon One of Houston's best selling singles worldwide and recognized songs, "I Will Always Love You" prominently uses melismas.
Problems listening to this file? See media help.

Houston was a mezzo-soprano,^[266]^[267] and was commonly referred to as "The Voice" in reference to her exceptional vocal talent.^[268] Her vocal range extended from G below middle C (G₃) to high B-flat (B♭₅); she could belt out to treble F (F₅).^[269] She was third in MTV's list of 22 Greatest Voices,^[270] and sixth on Online Magazine COVE's list of the 100 Best Pop Vocalists with a score of 48.5/50.^[271] In 2008, Rolling Stone listed Houston as the thirty-fourth of the 100 greatest singers of all time, stating, "Her voice is a mammoth, coruscating cry: Few vocalists could get away with opening a song with 45 unaccompanied seconds of singing, but Houston's powerhouse version of Dolly Parton's 'I Will Always Love You' is a tour de force."^[98] Matthew Perpetua from Rolling Stone also eulogized Houston's vocal, enumerating ten performances, including "How Will I Know" from the 1986 MTV VMAs and "The Star Spangled Banner" at the 1991 Super Bowl. "Whitney Houston was blessed with an astonishing vocal range and extraordinary technical skill, but what truly made her a great singer was her ability to connect with a song and drive home its drama and emotion with incredible precision," he stated. "She was a brilliant performer, and her live shows often eclipsed her studio recordings."^[272]

Jon Caramanica of The New York Times commented, "Her voice was clean and strong, with barely any grit, well suited to the songs of love and aspiration. [...] Hers was a voice of triumph and achievement, and it made for any number of stunning, time-stopping vocal performances."^[273] Mariah Carey stated, "She [Whitney] has a really rich, strong mid-belt that very few people have. She sounds really good, really strong."^[274] While in her review of I Look to You, music critic Ann Powers of the Los Angeles Times writes, "[Houston's voice] stands like monuments upon the landscape of 20th century pop, defining the architecture of their times, sheltering the dreams of millions and inspiring the climbing careers of countless imitators", adding "When she was at her best, nothing could match her huge, clean, cool mezzo-soprano".^[267]

Lauren Everitt from BBC News Magazine commented on melisma used in Houston's recording and its influence. "An early 'I' in Whitney Houston's 'I Will Always Love You' takes nearly six seconds to sing. In those seconds the former gospel singer-turned-pop star packs a series of different notes into the single syllable," stated Everitt. "The technique is repeated throughout the song, most pronouncedly on every 'I' and 'you'. The vocal technique is called melisma, and it has inspired a host of imitators. Other artists may have used it before Houston, but it was her rendition of Dolly Parton's love song that pushed the technique into the mainstream in the 90s. [...] But perhaps what Houston nailed best was moderation." Everitt said that "[i]n a climate of reality shows ripe with 'oversinging', it's easy to appreciate Houston's ability to save melisma for just the right moment".^[275]

Houston's vocal stylings have had a significant impact on the music industry. She has been called the "Queen of Pop" for her influence during the 1990s, commercially rivaling Mariah Carey and Celine Dion.^[276] Stephen Holden from The New York Times, in his review of Houston's Radio City Music Hall concert on July 20, 1993, praised her attitude as a singer, writing, "Whitney Houston is one of the few contemporary pop stars of whom it might be said: the voice suffices. While almost every performer whose albums sell in the millions calls upon an entertainer's bag of tricks, from telling jokes to dancing to circus pyrotechnics, Ms. Houston would rather just stand there and sing." With regard to her singing style, he added: "Her [Houston's] stylistic trademarks – shivery melismas that ripple up in the middle of a song, twirling embellishments at the ends of phrases that suggest an almost breathless exhilaration – infuse her interpretations with flashes of musical and emotional lightning."^[277]

Elysa Gardner of the Los Angeles Times in her review for The Preacher's Wife Soundtrack praised Houston's vocal ability highly, commenting, "She is first and foremost a pop diva – at that, the best one we have. No other female pop star – not Mariah Carey, not Celine Dion, not Barbra Streisand – quite rivals Houston in her exquisite vocal fluidity and purity of tone, and her ability to infuse a lyric with mesmerizing melodrama."^[278]

Influence [link]

A Barbie doll inspired by Houston's appearance in the music video for "I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)" (1987).

During the 1980s, MTV was coming into its own and received criticism for not playing enough videos by black artists. With Michael Jackson breaking down the color barrier for black male artists, Houston did the same for black female artists. She became the first black female artist to receive heavy rotation on the network following the success of the "How Will I Know" video.^[279] Following Houston's breakthrough, other African-American female artists, such as Janet Jackson and Anita Baker, were successful in popular music.^[52]^[53] Baker commented that "Because of what Whitney and Sade did, there was an opening for me... For radio stations, black women singers aren't taboo anymore."^[280]

Allmusic noted her contribution to the success of black artists on the pop scene, commenting, "Houston was able to handle big adult contemporary ballads, effervescent, stylish dance-pop, and slick urban contemporary soul with equal dexterity" and that "the result was an across-the-board appeal that was matched by scant few artists of her era, and helped her become one of the first black artists to find success on MTV in Michael Jackson's wake".^[281] The New York Times stated that "Houston was a major catalyst for a movement within black music that recognized the continuity of soul, pop, jazz and gospel vocal traditions".^[282] Richard Corliss of Time magazine commented on her initial success breaking various barriers:

Of her first album's ten cuts, six were ballads. This chanteuse [Houston] had to fight for air play with hard rockers. The young lady had to stand uncowed in the locker room of macho rock. The soul strutter had to seduce a music audience that anointed few black artists with superstardom. [...] She was a phenomenon waiting to happen, a canny tapping of the listener's yen for a return to the musical middle. And because every new star creates her own genre, her success has helped other blacks, other women, other smooth singers find an avid reception in the pop marketplace.^[283]

Stephen Holden of The New York Times said that Houston "revitalized the tradition of strong gospel-oriented pop-soul singing".^[284] Ann Powers of the Los Angeles Times referred to the singer as a "national treasure".^[267] Jon Caramanica, other music critic of The New York Times, called Houston "R&B's great modernizer," adding "slowly but surely reconciling the ambition and praise of the church with the movements and needs of the body and the glow of the mainstream".^[273] He also drew comparisons between Houston's influence and other big names' on 1980s pop:

She was, alongside Michael Jackson and Madonna, one of the crucial figures to hybridize pop in the 1980s, though her strategy was far less radical than that of her peers. Jackson and Madonna were by turns lascivious and brutish and, crucially, willing to let their production speak more loudly than their voices, an option Ms. Houston never went for. Also, she was less prolific than either of them, achieving most of her renown on the strength of her first three solo albums and one soundtrack, released from 1985 to 1992. If she was less influential than they were in the years since, it was only because her gift was so rare, so impossible to mimic. Jackson and Madonna built worldviews around their voices; Ms. Houston’s voice was the worldview. She was someone more to be admired, like a museum piece, than to be emulated.^[273]

The Independent's music critic Andy Gill also wrote about Houston's influence on modern R&B and singing competitions, comparing it to Michael Jackson's. "Because Whitney, more than any other single artist ― Michael Jackson included ― effectively mapped out the course of modern R&B, setting the bar for standards of soul vocalese, and creating the original template for what we now routinely refer to as the 'soul diva'," stated Gill. "Jackson was a hugely talented icon, certainly, but he will be as well remembered (probably more so) for his presentational skills, his dazzling dance moves, as for his musical innovations. Whitney, on the other hand, just sang, and the ripples from her voice continue to dominate the pop landscape." Gill said that there "are few, if any, Jackson imitators on today's TV talent shows, but every other contestant is a Whitney wannabe, desperately attempting to emulate that wondrous combination of vocal effects – the flowing melisma, the soaring mezzo-soprano confidence, the tremulous fluttering that carried the ends of lines into realms of higher yearning".^[285]

Houston was considered by many to be a "singer's singer", who had an influence on countless other vocalists, both female and male.^[98]^[286] Similarly, Steve Huey from Allmusic wrote that the shadow of Houston's prodigious technique still looms large over nearly every pop diva and smooth urban soul singer – male or female – in her wake, and spawned a legion of imitators.^[281] Rolling Stone, on her biography, stated that Houston "redefined the image of a female soul icon and inspired singers ranging from Mariah Carey to Rihanna".^[287] Essence ranked Houston the fifth on their list of 50 Most Influential R&B Stars of all time, calling her "the diva to end all divas".^[288]

A number of artists have acknowledged Houston as an influence, including Celine Dion,^[289] Mariah Carey,^[98] Toni Braxton,^[290] Christina Aguilera,^[291] LeAnn Rimes,^[292] Jessica Simpson,^[293] Nelly Furtado,^[294]^[295] Kelly Clarkson, Britney Spears,^[296] Ciara,^[297] P!nk,^[296] Ashanti,^[298] Robin Thicke,^[299] Jennifer Hudson, Stacie Orrico, Amerie,^[300] and Destiny's Child.^[296]^[301] Mariah Carey, who was often compared to Houston, said, "She [Houston] has been a big influence on me."^[302] She later told USA Today that "none of us would sound the same if Aretha Franklin hadn't ever put out a record, or Whitney Houston hadn't."^[303] Celine Dion who was the third member of the troika that dominated female pop singing in the 1990s, did a telephone interview with Good Morning America on February 13, 2012, telling "Whitney's been an amazing inspiration for me. I've been singing with her my whole career, actually. I wanted to have a career like hers, sing like her, look beautiful like her."^[304] Beyoncé told the Globe and Mail that Houston "inspired [her] to get up there and do what [she] did".^[305] She also wrote on her website on the day after Houston's death, "I, like every singer, always wanted to be just like [Houston]. Her voice was perfect. Strong but soothing. Soulful and classic. Her vibrato, her cadence, her control. So many of my life's memories are attached to a Whitney Houston song. She is our queen and she opened doors and provided a blueprint for all of us."^[306]

Mary J. Blige said that Houston inviting her onstage during VH1's Divas Live show in 1999 "opened doors for [her] all over the world".^[307] Brandy stated, "The first Whitney Houston CD was genius. That CD introduced the world to her angelic yet powerful voice. Without Whitney, half of this generation of singers wouldn't be singing."^[308] Kelly Rowland, in an Ebony's feature article celebrating black music in June 2006, recalled that "[I] wanted to be a singer after I saw Whitney Houston on TV singing 'Greatest Love of All'. I wanted to sing like Whitney Houston in that red dress." She added that "And I have never, ever forgotten that song [Greatest Love of All]. I learned it backward, forward, sideways. The video still brings chills to me. When you wish and pray for something as a kid, you never know what blessings God will give you."^[309]

Alicia Keys said "Whitney is an artist who inspired me from [the time I was] a little girl".^[310] Oscar winner Jennifer Hudson cites Houston as her biggest musical influence. She told Newsday that she learned from Houston the "difference between being able to sing and knowing how to sing".^[311] Leona Lewis, who has been called "the new Whitney Houston", also cites her as an influence. Lewis stated that she idolized her as a little girl.^[312]^[313]

Awards and achievements [link]

Further information: List of awards and nominations received by Whitney Houston and Whitney Houston chart records and achievements

Houston was the most awarded female artist of all time, according to Guinness World Records,^[1] with two Emmy Awards, six Grammy Awards, 30 Billboard Music Awards, 22 American Music Awards, among a total of 415 career awards as of 2010. She held the all-time record for the most American Music Awards of any female solo artist and shared the record with Michael Jackson for the most AMAs ever won in a single year with eight wins in 1994.^[314] Houston won a record 11 Billboard Music Awards at its fourth ceremony in 1993.^[315] She also had the record for the most WMAs won in a single year, winning five awards at the 6th World Music Awards in 1994.^[316]

In May 2003, Houston placed at number three on VH1's list of "50 Greatest Women of the Video Era", behind Madonna and Janet Jackson.^[317] She was also ranked at number 116 on their list of the "200 Greatest Pop Culture Icons of All Time".^[318] In 2008, Billboard magazine released a list of the Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists to celebrate the US singles chart's 50th anniversary, ranking Houston at number nine.^[319]^[320] Similarly, she was ranked as one of the "Top 100 Greatest Artists of All Time" by VH1 in September 2010.^[321] In November 2010, Billboard released its "Top 50 R&B/Hip-Hop Artists of the Past 25 Years" list and ranked Houston at number three whom not only went on to earn eight number one singles on the R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, but also landed five number ones on R&B/Hip-Hop Albums.^[322]

Houston's debut album is listed as one of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time by Rolling Stone magazine^[49] and is on Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's Definitive 200 list.^[50] In 2004, Billboard picked the success of her first release on the charts as one of 110 Musical Milestones in its history.^[323] Houston's entrance into the music industry is considered one of the 25 musical milestones of the last 25 years, according to USA Today in 2007. It stated that she paved the way for Mariah Carey's chart-topping vocal gymnastics.^[51] In 1997, the Franklin School in East Orange, New Jersey was renamed to The Whitney E. Houston Academy School of Creative and Performing Arts. In 2001, Houston was the first artist to be given a BET Lifetime Achievement Award.^[324]

Houston was one of the world's best-selling music artists, having sold over 200 million albums and singles worldwide.^[2]^[3] She was ranked as the fourth best-selling female artist in the United States by the Recording Industry Association of America, with 55 million certified albums sold in the US.^[216]^[325]

She held an Honorary Doctorate in Humanities from Grambling State University, Louisiana.^[326]

Discography [link]

Main articles: Whitney Houston discography and Whitney Houston videography

Studio Albums

Holiday Albums

2003: One Wish: The Holiday Album

Filmography [link]

**Film roles**
Year	Title	Role	Notes and awards
1992	The Bodyguard	Rachel Marron	Feature film Nominated – 1993 MTV Movie Award for Best Female Performance^[327] Nominated – 1993 MTV Movie Award for Best Breakthrough Performance^[328] Nominated – 1993 MTV Movie Award for Best On-Screen Duo with co-star Kevin Costner^[329] Nominated – 1992 Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actress^[330]
1995	Waiting to Exhale	Savannah Jackson	Feature film Nominated – 1996 NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture^[331]
1996	The Preacher's Wife	Julia Biggs	Feature film Won – 1997 NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture^[332] Nominated – 1997 Blockbuster Entertainment Award for Favorite Female Actress(Comedy/Romance)^[333] Nominated – 1997 Kids' Choice Award for Favorite Movie Actress^[334]
1997	Rodgers & Hammerstein's Cinderella	Fairy Godmother	Made-for-television film, part of a revival of the Wonderful World of Disney.^[335] Nominated – 1998 Emmy Award for Outstanding Variety, Music Or Comedy Special^[336] Nominated – 1998 NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Television Movie/Mini-Series^[337]
2012	Sparkle	Emma	Posthumous release

**Television roles**
Year	Title	Network	Role	Notes
1984	Gimme a Break!	NBC	Rita	"Katie's College" (Season 3, Episode 20, air date: March 15, 1984)^[338]
1984	As the World Turns	CBS	Herself	Houston appeared on the soap on August 1–2, 1984, with Jermaine Jackson singing two duets off a new album he was releasing at the time: "Take Good Care of My Heart" and "Nobody Loves Me Like You Do." They taped their appearance on July 25 at CBS Studios in New York City.
1985	Silver Spoons	NBC	Herself	"Head Over Heels" (Season 4, Episode 1, air date: September 15, 1985)^[338] She performed the edited version of "Saving All My Love for You", changing some of the words.
2002	Boston Public	Fox	Herself	She performed "Try It On My Own" from the 2002 studio album Just Whitney.

**Commercials**
Year	Company	Promoting	Country	Notes
1983	Dr Pepper/Seven Up	Canada Dry (soft drink beverage)	United States	Houston appeared in this commercial before debut as a professional singer and sang the praises of sugar-free Canada Dry Ginger Ale.^[339]^[340]
1986	Coca-Cola	Diet Coke (soft drink beverage)	United States	Houston sang the Diet Coke theme song, "Just for the taste of it".^[341]
1988	Coca-Cola	Diet Coke (soft drink beverage)	United States	Houston sang the other version of the Diet Coke advertising slogan at the time, "Just for the taste of it".^[342] Outside the United States, the second version of advertising was released, in which "Greatest Love of All" was used as background music. 1989 MTV Video of the Year winning "This Note's for You" by Neil Young, parodied parts of this advertising to criticize pop/rock stars who make commercial endorsements, most notably Michael Jackson for Pepsi and Houston for Diet Coke, using look-alikes for them.^[343]
1989	Sanyo	Electronics (the stereo, TV)	Japan	Houston was featured on print advertisements and sang the theme song for TV commercial, "Takin' A Chance", produced by Keith Thomas.^[344] It was released as a CD single in Japan and included in Japanese edition of I'm Your Baby Tonight.^[345] Sanyo also sponsored Houston's 1990 Japan only Feels So Right Tour.^[346]
1994/ 1995	AT&T	Telephone services	United States	Houston sang its theme song, "True Voice".^[347]^[348]
1999	Nissin	Consumer credit business	Japan	Houston appeared on both print advetisement and TV commercial for Nissin, a nonbank finance company that lends to consumers and small businesses in Japan, with then the company's slogan "Make it happen with Nissin"^[349]

**Film/TV Productions**
Year	Title	Director	Notes and awards
1997	Rodgers & Hammerstein's Cinderella	Robert Iscove	Executive producer^[350] Nominated – 1998 Emmy Award for Outstanding Variety, Music Or Comedy Special^[336] Nominated – 1998 NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Television Movie/Mini-Series^[337]
2001	The Princess Diaries	Garry Marshall	Producer^[351] Won – 2002 Young Artist Award for Best Family Feature Film – Comedy^[352] Nominated – 2002 Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Family Film (Live Action)^[353] Nominated – 2002 Phoenix Film Critics Society Award for Best Family Film^[354] Nominated – 2002 Teen Choice Award for Film – Choice Movie, Comedy^[355]
2003	The Cheetah Girls	Oz Scott	Producer^[356]
2004	The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement	Garry Marshall	Producer^[357]
2006	The Cheetah Girls 2: When in Spain	Kenny Ortega	Co-executive producer^[358]

Tours [link]

Main article: List of Whitney Houston tours and concerts

World tours

The Greatest Love World Tour (1986)
Moment of Truth World Tour (1987–88)
I'm Your Baby Tonight World Tour (1991)
The Bodyguard World Tour (1993–94)
My Love Is Your Love World Tour (1999)
Nothing But Love World Tour (2010)

Regional tours

Televised concerts

Nelson Mandela 70th Birthday Tribute (1988)
Welcome Home Heroes with Whitney Houston (1991)
The Concert for a New South Africa (1994)
Classic Whitney Live from Washington, D.C. (1997)

References [link]

^ ^a ^b ^c Paul Finkelman (2009). Encyclopedia of African American history, 1896 to the present: from the age of segregation to the twenty-first century. Oxford University Press. pp. 459–460. ISBN 978-0-19-516779-5. http://books.google.com/books?id=6gbQHxb_P0QC&pg=RA1-PA459.
^ ^a ^b Dobuzinskis, Alex (September 15, 2009). "Whitney Houston, as of 2009, said she was "drug-free"". Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSTRE58D4Y020090915. Retrieved January 13, 2010.
^ ^a ^b "Whitney Houston Biography". whitneyhouston.com. http://www.whitneyhouston.com/us/biography. Retrieved January 12, 2010.
^ "The 1986 MTV Video Music Awards The Winners!". Billboard (Nielsen Business Media, Inc.) 98 (41). October 11, 1986. ISSN 0006-2510. http://books.google.com/?id=ESUEAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PA59&dq=1986%20mtv%20video%20music%20awards%20whitney%20houston&pg=PA59#v=onepage&q=&f=false. Retrieved February 7, 2011.
^ ^a ^b Corliss, Richard (July 13, 1987). "The Prom Queen of Soul". Time Inc.. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,964980,00.html. Retrieved March 17, 2007.
^ ^a ^b "A History of Soul Music". October 18, 2007. VH1.
^ "Saving All My Love for You"; "How Will I Know"; "Greatest Love of All"; "I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)"; "Didn't We Almost Have It All"; "So Emotional" and "Where Do Broken Hearts Go"
^ Whitney Houston and The Bodyguard: Original Soundtrack Album
^ ^a ^b ^c Huey, Steve (2006). "Whitney Houston biography". Allmusic.com. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/whitney-houston-p4519/biography. Retrieved April 13, 2009
^ "Whitney Houston Biography". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/whitney-houston/biography. Retrieved March 17, 2011
^ Jessie Carney Smith (1996). Notable Black American women. VNR AG. pp. 304–305. ISBN 978-0-8103-9177-2. http://books.google.com/books?id=ssMBzqrUpjwC&pg=PA304.
^ Houston, Cissy (September 2, 2009). "Visionary Project Video Interview (bottom of page) -Cissy Houston: My Family, go to the 1:00 mark". http://www.visionaryproject.org/houstoncissy/. Retrieved February 11, 2012.
^ "Whitney's godmother: 'She was a light'". Nancy Grace spoke with Whitney Houston's godmother and Rock and Roll Hall of Fame singer Darlene Love.. February 13, 2012. http://nancygrace.blogs.cnn.com/2012/02/13/she-was-a-light/?hpt=ng_bn3. Retrieved February 17, 2012.
^ Whitall, Susan. "Aretha Franklin recalls meeting a young Whitney Houston". The Queen of Soul corrected one thing about her relationship to Houston. She says she wasn't Houston's godmother, but a sort of honorary aunt.. The Detroit News. http://www.detroitnews.com/article/20120217/ENT09/202170397/1361/Aretha-Franklin-recalls-meeting-a-young-Whitney-Houston. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
^ Jet (August 26 1985). Whitney Houston Sings Her Way to Stardom. Johnson Publishing Company. p. 59. ISSN 00215996. http://books.google.com/books?id=prQDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA59.
^ Whitall, Susan. "Aretha Franklin recalls meeting a young Whitney Houston". Aretha Franklin, who will sing at Whitney Houston's funeral Saturday, spoke to Al Roker on the "Today" show Friday morning about the first time she met Houston, as a wide-eyed 8- or 9-year-old.. The Detroit News. http://www.detroitnews.com/article/20120217/ENT09/202170397/1361/Aretha-Franklin-recalls-meeting-a-young-Whitney-Houston. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
^ Ted Cox (January 1998). Whitney Houston. Chelsea House Publishers. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-7910-4456-8.
^ "Whitney & Bobby – Addicted to Love". Vibe Magazine. September 2005. http://www.classicwhitney.com/interview/vibe_sep2005.htm. Retrieved March 17, 2007.
^ Johnson Publishing Company (February 17, 1986). Jet. Johnson Publishing Company. p. 59. ISSN 00215996. http://books.google.com/books?id=lLQDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA59.
^ Vibe Media Group (June 2007). Vibe. Vibe Media Group. p. 78. ISSN 10704701. http://books.google.com/books?id=qyYEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA78. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
^ ^a ^b DeCurtis, Anthony (June 10, 1993). "Whitney Houston: Down and Dirty". Rolling Stone; Jann S. Wenner, editor and publisher. http://www.classicwhitney.com/interview/rollingstone_1993.htm. Retrieved March 17, 2007.
^ ^a ^b Fred Bronson (1 October 2003). The Billboard book of number 1 hits. Random House Digital, Inc.. p. 629. ISBN 978-0-8230-7677-2. http://books.google.com/books?id=PgGqNrqfrsoC&pg=PT629.
^ ^a ^b Jet (16 July 1990). Singer Whitney Houston a Model of Success. Johnson Publishing Company. p. 32. ISSN 00215996. http://books.google.com/books?id=Ra8DAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA32.
^ Ebony (May 1995). Whitney and Cissy Houston on the Joys and Worries of Motherhood. Johnson Publishing Company. pp. 30–. ISSN 00129011. http://books.google.com/books?id=JnOSQ7xrcA8C&pg=PA30. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
^ ^a ^b ^c Duckett Cain, Joy (December 2023). "The Soul of Whitney". Essence Magazine. http://www.classicwhitney.com/interview/essence_1990.htm. Retrieved February 15, 2008.
^ ^a ^b Traister, Rebecca (April 13, 2006). "Didn't She Almost Have It All". Salon.com. http://www.salon.com/mwt/feature/2006/04/12/whitney_houston/index.html. Retrieved December 12, 2007.
^ ^a ^b Johnson Publishing Company (July 16, 1990). Jet. Johnson Publishing Company. p. 32. ISSN 00215996. http://books.google.com/books?id=Ra8DAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA32.
^ Christgau, Robert. "Material she was a great song writer". RobertChristgau.com. http://www.robertchristgau.com/get_artist.php?name=Material. Retrieved December 12, 2007.
^ Ripol, Vince. "Paul Jabara & Friends Album Review". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:hbftxqrgldje. Retrieved January 14, 2010.
^ Ebony (June 1990). Girl. Johnson Publishing Company. p. 136. ISSN 00129011. http://books.google.com/books?id=8tMDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA136.
^ Johnson Publishing Company (December 1985). Ebony. Johnson Publishing Company. p. 155. ISSN 00129011. http://books.google.com/books?id=JtkDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA155.
^ ^a ^b Scoppa, Bud (December 1986). "The Long Road To Overnight Stardom". Billboard. http://www.classicwhitney.com/interview/billboard1986artistoftheyear.htm. Retrieved March 17, 2007.
^ Wynn, Ron. "Love Language Album Review". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:d9fwxqr5ld6e. Retrieved January 14, 2010.
^ Nielsen Business Media, Inc. (14 December 2002). Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc.. p. 64. ISSN 00062510. http://books.google.com/books?id=MQ0EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA64.
^ Shewey, Don (June 6, 1985). "Music Review: Whitney Houston". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/albumreviews/whitney-houston-19850606. Retrieved March 17, 2011.
^ Holden, Stephen (May 12, 1985). "Critic's Choice; Pop Music". The New York Times: p. A2.
^ Nielsen Business Media, Inc. (June 8, 1985). Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc.. p. 54. ISSN 00062510. http://books.google.com/books?id=8yQEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT54. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
^ Paul Grein (June 8, 1986). "Houston Hits: Master Plan, Blind Luck". Los Angeles Times (Tribune Company). http://articles.latimes.com/1986-06-08/entertainment/ca-9249_1/3. Retrieved October 28, 2011.
^ "Whitney Houston". August 11, 2000. ^{[dead link]}
^ ^a ^b Nielsen Business Media, Inc. (December 27, 1986). Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc.. p. 52. ISSN 00062510. http://books.google.com/books?id=tiQEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA52.
^ "Gold & Platinum >> Top 100 Albums". Recording Industry Association of America. http://riaa.org/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=tblTop100. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
^ ^a ^b "RIAA Certification Searchable Database". Recording Industry Association of America. July 29, 1999. http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH. Retrieved January 13, 2010.
^ Johnson Publishing Company (January 27, 1986). Jet. Johnson Publishing Company. p. 57. ISSN 00215996. http://books.google.com/books?id=NrMDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA57.
^ Harrington, Richard (January 10, 1986). "Dire Straits Tops List for Grammy's; We are the World Wins 6 Nominations". The Washington Post.
^ Johnson Publishing Company (March 17, 1986). Jet. Johnson Publishing Company. p. 14. ISSN 00215996. http://books.google.com/books?id=CrQDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA14.
^ Johnson Publishing Company (October 13, 1986). Jet. Johnson Publishing Company. p. 16. ISSN 00215996. http://books.google.com/books?id=5LADAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA16.
^ Johnson Publishing Company (February 17, 1986). Jet. Johnson Publishing Company. p. 56. ISSN 00215996. http://books.google.com/books?id=lLQDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA56.
^ Johnson Publishing Company (February 16, 1987). Jet. Johnson Publishing Company. p. 58. ISSN 00215996. http://books.google.com/books?id=wLMDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA58.
^ ^a ^b "The Rolling Stone 500 Greatest Albums of All Time". Wenner Media, LLC. November 18, 2003. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-19691231/whitney-houston-whitney-houston-19691231. Retrieved March 17, 2011.
^ ^a ^b "The Definitive 200". The Rock & Roll Hall of Fame. 2007. Archived from the original on January 13, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080113130726/http://definitive200.com/200_list.php. Retrieved January 15, 2008.
^ ^a ^b Gundersen, Edna (June 18, 2007). "25 years of memorable musical moments". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/news/top25-musicmoments.htm?csp=34. Retrieved January 1, 2008.
^ ^a ^b Rizzo, Frank (August 30, 1987). "Houston Tops New Wave of Women With Pop Punch Aplenty". Orlando Sentinel (Orlando Sentinel): p. 11.
^ ^a ^b Hunt, Dennis (February 1, 1987). "Anita Baker: 'Most Powerful Black Woman Singer of 80s'". San Francisco Chronicle: p. 44.
^ Aletti, Vince (August 13, 1987). "Review: Whitney". Wenner Media, LLC. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/albumreviews/whitney-19870813. Retrieved March 16, 2011.
^ Johnson Publishing Company (May 2, 1988). Jet. Johnson Publishing Company. p. 54. ISSN 00215996. http://books.google.com/books?id=WLADAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA54.
^ Nielsen Business Media, Inc. (May 13, 2000). Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc.. p. 104. ISSN 00062510. http://books.google.com/books?id=JQ8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA104.
^ ^a ^b "Gold & Platinum search results". Recording Industry Association of America. November 29, 1995. http://riaa.org/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=1&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&action=&title=Whitney&artist=Whitney%20Houston&format=ALBUM&debutLP=&category=&sex=&releaseDate=&requestNo=&type=&level=&label=&company=&certificationDate=&awardDescription=Multi%20Platinum&catalogNo=&aSex=&rec_id=&charField=&gold=&platinum=&multiPlat=&level2=&certDate=&album=&id=&after=&before=&startMonth=1&endMonth=1&startYear=1958&endYear=2011&sort=Artist&perPage=25. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
^ Johnson Publishing Company (February 1, 1988). Jet. Johnson Publishing Company. p. 56. ISSN 00215996. http://books.google.com/books?id=bbsDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA56.
^ Johnson Publishing Company (March 21, 1988). Jet. Johnson Publishing Company. p. 52. ISSN 00215996. http://books.google.com/books?id=jrsDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA52.
^ Johnson Publishing Company (February 15, 1988). Jet. Johnson Publishing Company. p. 60. ISSN 00215996. http://books.google.com/books?id=fbsDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA60.
^ Johnson Publishing Company (February 20, 1989). Jet. Johnson Publishing Company. p. 55. ISSN 00215996. http://books.google.com/books?id=ib0DAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA55.
^ "Showtime: Jackson is top winner at Soul Train Awards". The Washington Afro American (African-American News & Information Consortium): p. 6C. April 5, 1988. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=WHwlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Z_UFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4413,1111334&dq=1988+soul+train+music+awards&hl=en. Retrieved June 28, 2010.
^ MacDonald, Patrick. "U2, Bon Jovi were top concert acts of 1987". Seattle Times. January 15, 1988. Page 5. Retrieved May 16, 2008.
^ ^a ^b Johnson Publishing Company (September 28, 1987). Jet. Johnson Publishing Company. pp. 52–53. ISSN 00215996. http://books.google.com/books?id=1q8DAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA52.
^ ^a ^b Johnson Publishing Company (June 20, 1988). Jet. Johnson Publishing Company. p. 59. ISSN 00215996. http://books.google.com/books?id=mq4DAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA59.
^ Gilchrist, Jim (August 23, 2009). "Diva Will Always Love Limelight". The Scotsman (Edinburgh). http://news.scotsman.com/comment/Diva--will-always-love.5579673.jp. Retrieved January 12, 2010.
^ Watrous, Peter (June 13, 1988). "Pop Music's Homage to Mandela". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/13/arts/pop-music-s-homage-to-mandela.html.
^ Johnson Publishing Company (September 19, 1988). Jet. Johnson Publishing Company. p. 54. ISSN 00215996. http://books.google.com/books?id=Lr0DAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA54.
^ Johnson Publishing Company (September 12, 1988). Jet. Johnson Publishing Company. p. 59. ISSN 00215996. http://books.google.com/books?id=LL0DAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA59.
^ "1988 UK Number Ones". number-ones.co.uk. http://www.number-ones.co.uk/1988-number-ones.html. Retrieved January 12, 2010.
^ "October 24, 1988 Single Top 100". charts.de. October 24, 1988. http://www.charts.de/charts.asp?cat=s&country=de&year=1988&date=19881024&x=38&y=11. Retrieved January 12, 2010.
^ "Forbes Names Jackson as the Best-Paid Star 5 Women, 3 Boxers on List of 40 Celebrities". Los Angeles Times. September 19, 1988. Page 2.
^ Johnson Publishing Company (October 3, 1988). Jet. Johnson Publishing Company. p. 12. ISSN 00215996. http://books.google.com/books?id=za8DAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA12.
^ Whitney Houston Foundation for Children
^ Johnson Publishing Company (May 1991). Ebony. Johnson Publishing Company. p. 112. ISSN 00129011. http://books.google.com/books?id=UdQDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA112.
^ Ralph M. Jr., "Interview with Whitney Houston", Dateline NBC, December 10, 1996 (transcript available at whitney-fan.com)
^ Hunter, James (January 10, 1991). "Review: I'm Your Baby Tonight". Wenner Media, LLC. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/albumreviews/im-your-baby-tonight-19910110. Retrieved March 16, 2011.
^ Browne, David (November 23, 1990). "Music Review: I'm Your Baby Tonight". Time Warner. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,318684,00.html. Retrieved March 16, 2011.
^ ^a ^b Pareles, Jon (February 24, 1991). "Pop View; Caution: Now Entering The War Zone". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1991/02/24/arts/pop-view-caution-now-entering-the-war-zone.html. Retrieved October 5, 2008.
^ Johnson Publishing Company (February 18, 1991). Jet. Johnson Publishing Company. p. 31. ISSN 00215996. http://books.google.com/books?id=E7sDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA31.
^ Steven Otfinoski (April 1, 2010). African Americans in the performing arts. Infobase Publishing. pp. 116–. ISBN 978-0-8160-7838-7. http://books.google.com/books?id=gnXQSqTx2h0C&pg=PT116. Retrieved February 12, 2012.
^ Johnson Publishing Company (June 17, 1991). Jet. Johnson Publishing Company. p. 37. ISSN 00215996. http://books.google.com/books?id=RrADAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA37.
^ Blair, Tom. "The village verbiage collector". The San Diego Union. May 23, 1991. Page B1.
^ "Jennifer Hudson delivers on Super Bowl stage". The Washington Times (News World Media Development). February 2, 2009. http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2009/feb/02/jennifer-hudson-delivers-super-bowl-stage/?page=1. Retrieved March 27, 2011.
^ "100 Greatest Moments That Rocked TV (20–1)". VH1. http://www.vh1.com/shows/dyn/the_greatest/63773/episode_wildcard.jhtml?wildcard=/shows/dynamic/includes/wildcards/the_greatest/rocked_tvmoments/complete_list_20.jhtml&event_id=63773.
^ "Bill Clinton, Michael Jackson and The Beatles Hit the Top Slots on VH1 and TV Guide's '100 Moments That Rocked TV' Countdown" (Press release). VH1. January 9, 2003. http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/bill-clinton-michael-jackson-and-the-beatles-hit-the-top-slots-on-vh1-and-tv-guides-100-moments-that-rocked-tv-countdown-73759482.html. Retrieved March 19, 2011.
^ "Gold & Platinum >> Search Results for "The Star Spangled Banner" single and its video single". Recording Industry Association of America. April 11, 1991 / October 3, 2001. http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=1&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&action=&title=star%20spangled%20banner&artist=whitney%20houston&format=SINGLE&debutLP=&category=&sex=&releaseDate=&requestNo=&type=&level=&label=&company=&certificationDate=&awardDescription=&catalogNo=&aSex=&rec_id=&charField=&gold=&platinum=&multiPlat=&level2=&certDate=&album=&id=&after=&before=&startMonth=1&endMonth=1&startYear=1958&endYear=2011&sort=Artist&perPage=25. Retrieved March 17, 2011.
^ Smith, Patricia. "Mom, apple pie and Whitney Houston in concert for troops". The Boston Globe April 1, 1991.
^ Hodges, Anne. "Hope opens his home to U.S. troops". Houston Chronicle April 6, 1991.
^ ^a ^b Lynn Norment (May 1991). "Whitney Houston talks about the men in her life – and the rumors, lies and insults that are the high price of fame". Ebony (Johnson Publishing Company) 46 (7): 111–118. ISSN 0012-9011. http://books.google.com/books?id=UdQDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA110.
^ ^a ^b Johnson Publishing Company (April 26, 1999). Jet. Johnson Publishing Company. p. 60. ISSN 00215996. http://books.google.com/books?id=IzsDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA60.
^ Susan Wloszczyna (July 2, 2007). "Hollywood highlights: 25 movies with real impact". USA Today (Gannett Company, Inc.). http://www.usatoday.com/life/top25-movies.htm. Retrieved October 30, 2011.
^ "Pregnant Pause". Entertainment Weekly (Time Warner). February 5, 1993. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,305461_4,00.html. Retrieved October 30, 2011.
^ Rita Kempley (November 25, 1992). "The Bodyguard". The Washington Post (The Washington Post Company). http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/thebodyguardrkempley_a0a2f7.htm. Retrieved October 30, 2011.
^ Janet Maslin (November 25, 1992). "Review/Film: The Bodyguard; Tragic Flaw Meets Pampered Pop Star Over Multiple Risks". The New York Times (The New York Times Company). http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9E0CE6DE1E3DF936A15752C1A964958260. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
^ "All Time Box Office Domestic Grosses". boxofficemojo.com. http://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/domestic.htm?page=3&p=.htm. Retrieved January 12, 2010.
^ CD review digest: Jazz, popular, etc. Peri Press. 1994 (Volume 7, Issue 4). p. 174.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "100 Greatest Singers: Whitney Houston". Rolling Stone (Wenner Media, LLC). November 2008. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/100-greatest-singers-of-all-time-19691231/whitney-houston-19691231. Retrieved March 17, 2011.
^ James T. Jones IV (November 17, 1992). "Houston heroic on 'Bodyguard' album" (Payment needed to view the whole article). USA Today (Gannett Company, Inc.). http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/USAToday/access/56240516.html?dids=56240516:56240516&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Nov+17%2C+1992&author=James+T.+Jones+IV&pub=USA+TODAY+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=Houston+heroic+on+%60Bodyguard'+album&pqatl=google. Retrieved September 25, 2010.
^ DeKnock, Jan (January 15, 1993). "Whitney Houston Hits 4th `Triple'". Chicago Tribune (Tribune Company). http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1993-01-15/entertainment/9303162594_1_pop-singles-albums-chart-r-b-rankings. Retrieved March 17, 2011.
^ "RIAA certification for "I Will Always Love You" single". The Recording Industry Association of America. January 12, 1993. http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=2&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&action=&title=&artist=Whitney%20Houston&format=&debutLP=&category=&sex=&releaseDate=&requestNo=&type=&level=&label=&company=&certificationDate=&awardDescription=&catalogNo=&aSex=&rec_id=&charField=&gold=&platinum=&multiPlat=&level2=&certDate=&album=&id=&after=&before=&startMonth=1&endMonth=1&startYear=1958&endYear=2010&sort=Artist&perPage=25. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
^ Nielsen Business Media, Inc. (April 11, 1998). Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc.. p. 10. ISSN 00062510. http://books.google.com/books?id=rg4EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA10.
^ Gary Trust (August 28, 2009). "Battle of the Divas, Round 3". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/#/news/ask-billboard-battle-of-the-divas-round-1004007651.story. Retrieved September 25, 2010.
^ Shawn Telford (August 10, 2008). "Behind the glitter and glitz, the real Dolly Parton shines". Seattle Post-Intelligencer (Hearst Corporation). http://www.seattlepi.com/ae/music/article/Behind-the-glitter-and-glitz-the-real-Dolly-1281795.php. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
^ Nielsen Business Media, Inc. (May 13, 2000). Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc.. p. 110. ISSN 00062510. http://books.google.com/books?id=JQ8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA110.
^ Aleene MacMinn (December 31, 1992). "Morning Report: Pop/Rock". Los Angeles Times (Tribune Company). http://articles.latimes.com/1992-12-31/entertainment/ca-4117_1_brooks-albums. Retrieved September 1, 2010.
^ "Whitney Houston gets a boost from Bodyguard". The Globe and Mail. January 1, 1993. Page C6.
^ DeKnock, Jan (March 19, 1993). "Houston Still Plugged In As Contender". Chicago Tribune (Tribune Company): p. O. http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1993-03-19/entertainment/9303200374_1_pop-singles-chart-albums-chart-r-b-singles-list. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
^ Nielsen Business Media, Inc. (December 8, 2001). Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc.. p. 85. ISSN 00062510. http://books.google.com/books?id=UBIEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA85.
^ Nielsen Business Media, Inc. (March 13, 1993). Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc.. p. 134–. ISSN 00062510. http://books.google.com/books?id=0w8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=RA1-PA134. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
^ "Soccer and music fans sound". Deseret Morning News. http://deseretnews.com/dn/view/0,1249,600142714,00.html.
^ Patten, Dominic (2009-08-31). "Is It Too Late for Whitney's Comeback?". TheWrap.com. http://www.thewrap.com/article/it-too-late-whitneys-comeback_5711. Retrieved 2012-02-14.
^ "Whitney Houston". Whitney Houston. http://www.whitneyhouston.com/. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
^ Johnson Publishing Company (February 28, 1994). Jet. Johnson Publishing Company. p. 56. ISSN 00215996. http://books.google.com/books?id=vcADAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA56.
^ J.R. Reynolds (March 26, 1994). "The Rhythm and the Blues: 8th Soul Train Awards Are Aglow With Stellar Performances, Star Appearances". Billboard 106 (13): 34. ISSN 0006-2510. http://books.google.com/books?id=NQgEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA34. Retrieved June 29, 2010.
^ Denise Crittendon (February–March, 1994). "Stars Shine At The NAACP Image Awards". The Crisis (The Crisis Publishing Company, Inc.) 101 (2): 34. ISSN 0011-1422. http://books.google.com/books?id=U1kEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA34.
^ J.R. Reynolds (January 15, 1994). "The Rhythm and the Blues: Tupac's Loss May Preserve Awards' Image; New Indies Form Out West And Down South". Billboard (Nielsen Business Media, Inc.) 106 (3): 15. ISSN 0006-2510. http://books.google.com/books?id=FwgEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA15. Retrieved June 29, 2010.
^ Marisa Leonardi (January 7, 1994). "Michael Jackson Shares Whitney Houston's Spotlight, Honors: Houston wins five NAACP Image Awards, but Jackson gets cheers in a show marked by controversy". Los Angeles Times (Tribune Company). http://articles.latimes.com/1994-01-07/entertainment/ca-9458_1_whitney-houston. Retrieved June 29, 2010.
^ Mark Dezzani (May 21, 1994). "World Music Awards Gaining Stature". Billboard (Nielsen Business Media, Inc.) 106 (21): 41. ISSN 0006-2510. http://books.google.com/books?id=TAgEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA41. Retrieved June 29, 2010.
^ "The BRITs 1994 Winners & Nominees". British Phonographic Industry. February 14, 1994. http://www.brits.co.uk/history/shows/1994. Retrieved June 29, 2010.
^ "Spielberg Dethrones Oprah As Highest-Paid Entertainer" The San Francisco Chronicle. September 12, 1994. Page C16.
^ "Steven Spielberg Is Mr. Entertainer". San Francisco Chronicle (Hearst Corporation): p. D11. December 24, 1994.
^ Jim Keogh (April 15, 1993). "Few women producers make the top 100 list". Telegram & Gazette (The New York Times Company): p. C2.
^ Kelly, Katy (October 5, 1994). "Greeting Mandela with elegance and esteem". USA Today (Gannett Company, Inc.): p. D02.
^ Nita Lelyveld (October 5, 1994). "White House Lionizes Mandela". The Free Lance–Star (The Free Lance–Star Publishing Company): p. A8. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=FQMzAAAAIBAJ&sjid=uQcGAAAAIBAJ&pg=6934,786142&dq. Retrieved June 12, 2011.
^ Paeth, Greg (November 9, 1994). "HBO worth seeing". Cincinnati Post (E. W. Scripps Company): p. 7B.
^ "Whitney in South Africa". Ebony (Johnson Publishing Company) 50 (4): 116–124. February 1995. ISSN 0012-9011. http://books.google.com/books?id=8_W-QMJlBHIC&pg=PA116.
^ ^a ^b Farley, Christopher John (December 4, 1995). "No More Prissy". Time. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,983795-2,00.html. Retrieved March 17, 2007.
^ "Waiting to Exhale (1995)". Box Office Mojo. March 2, 1996. http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=waitingtoexhale.htm. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
^ African American Filmmakers, African American Films: A Bibliography of Materials in the UC Berkeley Library, UC Berkeley Library (last visited February 15, 2008).
^ Rebecca Ascher-Walsh, "Back in the Groove?", Entertainment Weekly, August 14, 1998.
^ Nicole LaPorte, "Diary of a Mad Niche Hit", Variety, March 6, 2005.
^ White, Jack E. (January 15, 1996). "Heavy Breathing". Time. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,983966,00.html. Retrieved March 17, 2007.
^ New York Times, December 22, 1995
^ Entertainment Weekly December 1, 1995 pg.73
^ Willman, Chris (October 12, 2001). "100 Best Movie Soundtracks". Entertainment Weekly. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,254121,00.html. Retrieved March 17, 2007.
^ Nielsen Business Media, Inc. (15 July 1995). Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc.. pp. 38–. ISSN 00062510. http://books.google.com/books?id=ygsEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA38. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
^ Laurence, Charles. "The Arts: The gospel according to Whitney", The Daily Telegraph, December 14, 1996. Retrieved on January 1, 2008
^ IMDb, Box office / business for "The Preacher's Wife" (last visited February 15, 2008).
^ Peter Stack, Human Comedy's Divine in 'Preacher's Wife', San Francisco Chronicle, December 13, 1996.
^ Jones, Steve (November 26, 1996). "'Preacher's Wife' steeped in the spirit". USA Today. http://www.whitney-fan.com/music/review/pw/012.shtml. Retrieved January 13, 2010.
^ "The Preacher's Wife Soundtrack Reviews". The Times. UK. http://www.whitney-fan.com/music/review/pw/014.shtml. Retrieved January 13, 2010.
^ ^a ^b Whitney scores as producer and star. Ebony Magazine. November, 1997. Retrieved on May 25, 2008.
^ Todd S. Purdum, "Television; The Slipper Still Fits, Though the Style Is New", The New York Times, November 2, 1997.
^ "Whitney & Brandy in 'Cinderella.' – updated version of 'Rodgers & Hammerstein's Cinderella' – includes related article on producer and actress Whitney Houston", Ebony, November 1997.
^ Carter, Bill (November 5, 1997). "TV Notes; Happy Ending For 'Cinderella'". The New York Times: p. 7. http://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/05/arts/tv-notes-happy-ending-for-cinderella.html.
^ "Cinderella: Emmy Nominations". classicwhitney.com. July 23, 998. http://www.classicwhitney.com/newsfile/reports/movienews/cinderella/emmys23jul1998.htm. Retrieved January 13, 2010.
^ Whitney Houston To Take On "Christie Love". MTV News. April 9, 1997.
^ "Streetwise Houston tries new approach Singer's tour hits town Monday" (Article ID: R00018180056). The Washington Times. July 3, 1999. http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=WT&p_theme=wt&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB0F3AC7B4905E3&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM.
^ Anita M. Samuels (March 14, 1998). "Badu Heads Soul Train; Singer Picks Up 4 Awards". Billboard (Nielsen Business Media, Inc.) 110 (11): 10. ISSN 0006-2510. http://books.google.com/books?id=6w4EAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PA7&lr&rview=1&pg=PA10#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved June 30, 2010.
^ "Soul Train Music Awards Library: 1998 The 12th Soul Train Music Awards". Don Cornelius Productions, Inc. February 27, 1998. http://www.soultrain.com/stma/library.html. Retrieved June 30, 2010.
^ "The Billboard 200 chart listing for the week of December 5, 1998". Billboard (Nielsen Business Media, Inc.) 110 (49): 126. December 5, 1998. ISSN 0006-2510. http://books.google.ca/books?id=LgoEAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PA1&pg=RA1-PA126#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
^ Melinda Newman (October 31, 1998). "Houston Finds a New Groove with Arista Set". Billboard (Nielsen Business Media, Inc.) 110 (44): 1, 86. ISSN 0006-2510. http://books.google.com/books?id=IwoEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA1. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
^ "The 71st Academy Awards (1999) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. March 21, 1999. http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/71st-winners.html. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
^ "1999 MTV Video Music Awards". MTV Network. September 9, 1999. http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/1999/. Retrieved July 3, 2010.
^ "Past Winners Search: Whitney Houston". National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. February 23, 2000. http://www.grammy.com/nominees/search?artist=whitney+houston&title=&year=All&genre=All. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
^ ""My Love Is Your Love" single; triple platinum worldwide". Billboard (Nielsen Business Media, Inc.) 111 (47): 137. November 20, 1999. ISSN 0006-2510. http://books.google.com/books?id=fwgEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA137. Retrieved September 25, 2010.
^ ^a ^b "Whitney Houston Billboard chart history". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/#/artist/whitney-houston/chart-history/4849. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
^ ^a ^b "Artist Chart History: Whitney Houston". The Official Charts Company. http://www.theofficialcharts.com/artist/_/whitney%20houston/. Retrieved October, 29, 2011.
^ Vibe Media Group (April 1999). Vibe. Vibe Media Group. p. 60. ISSN 10704701. http://books.google.com/books?id=sigEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA60.
^ Vince Aletti, "Look Who's Ticking", The Village Voice, December 8, 1998
^ "Whitney Houston World Tour '99 Becomes Europe's Highest Grossing Arena Tour of the Year". AllBusiness.com. October 19, 1999. http://www.allbusiness.com/media-telecommunications/movies-sound-recording/6714253-1.html. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
^ "The American Recording Industry Announces its Artists of the Century". Recording Industry Association of America. November 10, 1999. http://www.riaa.net/newsitem.php?news_month_filter=11&news_year_filter=1999&resultpage=&id=3ABF3EC8-EF5B-58F9-E949-3B57F5E313DF. Retrieved July 23, 2010.
^ David Basham (February 11, 2000). "TLC Nominated For Three Soul Train Music Awards". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1434868/20000211/tlc.jhtml. Retrieved July 4, 2010.
^ Gail Mitchell (March 18, 2000). "TLC Rides Soul Train". Billboard (Nielsen Business Media, Inc.) 112 (12): 20. ISSN 0006-2510. http://books.google.com/books?id=nA4EAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PA10&dq=soul%20train%20music%20awards%2014th&pg=PA20#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved July 4, 2010.
^ "Entertainment: Dublin gears up for MTV show". BBC News Online. November 11, 1999. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/515689.stm. Retrieved July 3, 2010.
^ "Spears Tops 1999 MTV Europe Music Awards". Prometheus Global Media. November 12, 1999. http://www.billboard.com/news/spears-tops-1999-mtv-europe-music-awards-949845.story#/news/spears-tops-1999-mtv-europe-music-awards-949845.story. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
^ Brian Ives (November 12, 1999). "Bono Honored As Britney Spears Dominates MTV Europe Awards". MTV Network. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1434401/19991112/spears_britney.jhtml. Retrieved July 3, 2010.
^ "The Billboard 200 chart listing for the week of June 3, 2000". Billboard (Nielsen Business Media, Inc.) 112 (23): 116. June 3, 2000. ISSN 0006-2510. http://books.google.com/books?id=mQ8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA116. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
^ "Hits of the World". Billboard (Nielsen Business Media, Inc.) 112 (25): 72–73. June 17, 2000. ISSN 0006-2510. http://books.google.com/books?id=mw8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA88-IA2. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
^ "Reviews & Previews: Spotlight". Billboard (Nielsen Business Media, Inc.) 112 (21): 26. May 20, 2000. ISSN 0006-2510. http://books.google.com/books?id=PA8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA26. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
^ Steve Huey. "Whitney: The Greatest Hits review". Allmusic.com. http://www.allmusic.com/album/greatest-hits-import-version-r1226396/review. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
^ "RIAA Gold & Platinum searchable database". Recording Industry Association of America. http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?content_selector=gold-platinum-searchable-database. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
^ "Florida Orchestra Sues Arista Over Anthem". Prometheus Global Media. December 17, 2001. http://www.billboard.com/news/florida-orchestra-sues-arista-over-anthem-1206586.story#/news/florida-orchestra-sues-arista-over-anthem-1206586.story. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
^ "Whitney Houston biography". Rolling Stone. 2012. http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/whitneyhouston/biography. Retrieved February 12, 2012. ^{[dead link]}
^ Larry McShane, "Whitney Houston Gets Bad Press", The Washington Post, April 6, 2000.
^ TCM Breaking News, "Fears for Whitney Houston Grow", September 11, 2001.
^ ^a ^b Andrew Dansby, "Whitney Insider Tells of Drug Use, Failed Intervention", Rolling Stone, June 7, 2000.
^ Movie & TV News @ IMDb.com, "Houston's Oscar Confusion", December 23, 2004. Houston was replaced at that Oscar telecast by singer Faith Hill.
^ ^a ^b ^c Diane Sawyer, Interview, ABC Primetime, December 4, 2002 (transcript available at whitney-fan.com).
^ Lafranco, Robert; Binelli, Mark; Goodman, Fred (July 4, 2002). "The Rolling Stone Money Report: The pop stars who earned the most last year – and how they did it". Wenner Media, LLC. http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/5938443/the_rolling_stone_money_report. Retrieved January 15, 2010.
^ Whitney Houston Signs $100 Million Contract with Arista Records (p18). August 20, 2001. http://books.google.com/books?id=BbUDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA18. Retrieved January 12, 2010.
^ Mitchell, Gail (December 14, 2002). "Arista Aims New Houston Album At 'Core Urban' Fans". Billboard (Nielson Business Media, Inc.). http://books.google.com/books?id=MQ0EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA1. Retrieved January 12, 2010.
^ Knolle, Sharon (September 13, 2001). "Reports of Whitney Houston's Death Denied". ABC News. http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/story?id=102477&page=1. Retrieved March 17, 2007.
^ Lynette Holloway, "In Switch, Whitney Houston Has to Sell an Album", The New York Times, November 11, 2002.
^ Shaheem Reid (September 17, 2001). "Whitney Houston's 'Star-Spangled Banner' To Wave Again". MTV Networks (Viacom). http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1448905/whitneys-starspangled-banner-waves-again.jhtml. Retrieved February 14, 2012.
^ "Whitney Houston Sued For $100 Million By Dad's Company". MTV. October 8, 2002. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1458015/20021008/houston_whitney.jhtml?headlines=true. Retrieved January 15, 2008.
^ "Whitney Houston is sued for $100 million by her father's entertainment company – Entertainment". Jet Magazine. October 28, 2002. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1355/is_19_102/ai_93457202. Retrieved January 15, 2008.
^ Friedman, Roger. Whitney and Bobby No-Shows at Dad's Funeral FOXNews.com. February 10, 2003
^ "Judge throws out Houston lawsuit". BBC News Online. April 15, 2004. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3628169.stm. Retrieved January 15, 2008.
^ Haring, Keith. "Crack is Wack". Crack is Wack Mural. http://www.haring.com/cgi-bin/art_lrg.cgi?date=1986&genre=Public%20Projects&id=00108.
^ MetaCritic.com, "Just Whitney" by Whitney Houston (last visited February 15, 2008).
^ Vibe Media Group (September 2003). Vibe. Vibe Media Group. p. 186. ISSN 10704701. http://books.google.com/books?id=3iYEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA186.
^ "RIAA Certification Searchable Database". RIAA. January 10, 2003. http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH. Retrieved January 13, 2010.
^ "Whitney Houston calls Israel 'home'". Israel21c.org. 2003-06-01. http://www.israel21c.org/culture/whitney-houston-calls-israel-home. Retrieved 2012-02-13.
^ Paul Cashmere, "Whitney Back With Clive Davis", Pops by Paul Cashmere, September 17, 2004
^ Barry Garron, "'Being Bobby Brown' Is Disgusting", MSNBC, July 7, 2005.
^ Steve Rogers, "Report: Bravo's 'Being Bobby Brown' coming back for second season", RealityTV World, October 31, 2005.
^ "Brown Reality Show Cancelled", SFGate, The Daily Dish, January 10, 2007.
^ "Whitney Houston Files for Divorce From Bobby Brown". Associated Press. Fox News. September 13, 2006. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,213689,00.html.
^ "Whitney wants to speed up her divorce". USA Today. February 1, 2007. http://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2007-02-01-whitney-houston_x.htm. Retrieved October 5, 2008.
^ Breuer, Howard; Keith, Amy (April 5, 2007). "Whitney Houston Wins Custody in Divorce From Bobby Brown". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20033741,00.html. Retrieved October 5, 2008.
^ Listing for 1014 Tullamore Place in Fulton County, Georgia, tax records City-Data.com
^ Keith, Amy Elisa (May 11, 2007). "Bobby Brown Sues Whitney Houston for Custody, Spousal Support". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20038695,00.html. Retrieved October 5, 2008.
^ Brown Cannot Overturn Houston Divorce Terms After Court No-Show, "The Daily Dish!", SFGate, January 7, 2008
^ Friedman, Roger (March 13, 2007). "Whitney Houston Starts Work on New Album Today". Fox News. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,258421,00.html. Retrieved January 13, 2010.
^ "Whitney Houston – The Ultimate Collection (CD)". Amazon.co.uk. Amazon. October 29, 2007. http://www.amazon.co.uk/Whitney-Houston-Ultimate-Collection/dp/B000WAEJZ0/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1300371753&sr=8-1. Retrieved March 17, 2011.
^ "Whitney Houston to Tell All On Oprah" CBS, August 20, 2009
^ "Whitney Houston – Houston Details Drug Use: 'We Laced Marijuana With Rock Cocaine". Contact Music. September 15, 2009. http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/story/houston-details-drug-use-we-laced-marijuana-with-rock-cocaine_1116018. Retrieved November 11, 2010.
^ Nekesa Mumbi Moody (Associated Press), "Whitney Houston, pop superstar, dies in Beverly Hills hotel" The Globe and Mail, February 11, 2012
^ "Whitney Houston Album Due Out Sept. 1; 'American Idol' Auditions Kick Off". VOA News. Voice of America. June 9, 2009. http://www.voanews.com/english/2009-06-09-voa47.cfm. Retrieved January 13, 2010.
^ Singh, Anita (October 20, 2009). "Whitney Houston's weird performance on The X-Factor gives her top five hit". The Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/x-factor/6387117/Whitney-Houstons-weird-performance-on-The-X-Factor-gives-her-top-five-hit.html. Retrieved October 20, 2009.
^ Nathan, Sara (October 20, 2009). "Nearly 15m watch X Factor as Cheryl Cole performs solo single (apart from the bits she mimed)". Mail Online (Associated Newspapers Ltd). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-1221703/Nearly-15m-watch-X-Factor-Cheryl-Cole-performs-solo-single.html. Retrieved October 20, 2009.
^ Harmsworth, Andrei (October 23, 2009). "Whitney Houston sparkles on Italian X Factor". Metro.co.uk (Associated Newspapers Ltd). http://www.metro.co.uk/showbiz/756506-whitney-houston-sparkles-on-italian-x-factor. Retrieved February 12, 2012.
^ "Whitney Conquers Italy – Again!". Official Whitney Houston Site. Sony Music Entertainment. October 21, 2009. http://www.whitneyhouston.com/us/news/whitney-conquers-italy-again. Retrieved January 12, 2010.
^ ^a ^b "'I Look To You' Album Certified Platinum". whitneyhouston.com. December 1, 2009. http://www.whitneyhouston.com/us/news/i-look-you-album-certified-platinum. Retrieved January 13, 2010.
^ ""Whitney Houston" 25th Anniversary". Official Whitney Houston Site. Sony Music Entertainment. November 20, 2009. http://www.whitneyhouston.com/us/news/whitney-houston-25th-anniversary. Retrieved January 12, 2010.
^ Reliable, The (February 24, 2010). "This just in: Whitney Houston disappoints in Australia, Charlie Sheen enters rehab, Placido Domingo to undergo surgery". The Washington Post. http://voices.washingtonpost.com/reliable-source/2010/02/this_just_in_whitney_houston_d.html. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
^ "Whitney cancels more shows". ITN. April 7, 2010. http://news.sky.com/home/showbiz-news/article/15601644. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
^ Belinda Goldsmit (April 6, 201). "Due To Illness". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/news/whitney-houston-postpones-paris-show-due-1004080731.story#/news/whitney-houston-postpones-paris-show-due-1004080731.story. Retrieved February 12, 2012.
^ "Houston eyes will.i.am collaboration". Digital Spy. Hearst Magazines UK. April 6, 2010. http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a212730/houston-eyes-william-collaboration.html. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
^ D'Zurilla, Christie (May 9, 2011). "Whitney Houston in outpatient rehab for alcohol, drugs". Los Angeles Times. http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/gossip/2011/05/whitney-houston-rehab-alcohol-drugs.html. Retrieved May 11, 2011.
^ Billboard. September 12, 2011. Retrieved September 18, 2011
^ Hibberd, James (September 12, 2011). "Whitney Houston circling 'Sparkle' musical remake with Jordin Sparks". Inside Movies – EW.com. Entertainment Weekly Inc. http://insidemovies.ew.com/2011/09/12/whitney-houston-sparkle-remake-jordin-sparks-mike-epps/. Retrieved January 2, 2012.
^ Kit, Borys (September 12, 2011). "Whitney Houston in Talks to Star in Music-Themed Drama 'Sparkle' (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/whitney-houston-talks-star-music-234137.
^ Sneider, Jeff (2011-09-23). "Cee-Lo Green joins 'Sparkle' cast – Entertainment News, Top News, Media". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118043361?categoryid=13&cs=1&cmpid=RSS. Retrieved 2011-11-18.
^ Sneider, Jeff (2011-12-08). "Sony dates a trio of pics". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118047236?categoryid=13&cs=1&cmpid=RSS#.Tue4Z3y43ah.facebook.
^ McCartney, Anthony (February 13, 2012). "Investigators seek answers to Houston's death". ABC News 4 (WorldNow). http://www.abcnews4.com/story/16918074/investigators-seek-answers-to-houstons-death. Retrieved February 14, 2012. ^{[dead link]}
^ Gerrick D. Kennedy (February 13, 2012). "Grammys 2012: Clive Davis sets the stage for Brandy/Monica redux". Los Angeles Times Blogs. http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/music_blog/2012/02/grammys-2012-clive-davis-brandy-monica.html. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
^ Fashingbauer, Gael (February 12, 2012). "Watch Whitney Houston's final performance". MSNBC.com Entertainment. MSNBC. http://entertainment.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/02/12/10391173-watch-whitney-houstons-final-performance. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
^ "Whitney Houston's 'haunting' last performance". Yahoo! News. February 13, 2012. http://news.yahoo.com/whitney-houstons-haunting-last-performance-102000518.html. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
^ Richard Winton; Andrew Blankstein (February 13, 2012). "Whitney Houston was found underwater in bathtub, police say". Los Angeles Times. http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2012/02/whitney-houston-found-underwater-bathtub-unconscious.html. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
^ Whitney: Tribute to a Music Legend (Boca Raton, Florida: American Media, Inc.). 2012. (one-time newsstand collector's publication) Pg. 37: "434: The room number at the Beverly Hilton Hotel in Los Angeles in which she was found dead on Feb 11, 2012."
^ ^a ^b Andrew Blankstein; Randy Lewis. "Whitney Houston's death: Medics performed CPR for about 20 minutes". Los Angeles Times. http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2012/02/whitney-houston-death-cpr.html. Retrieved February 12, 2012.
^ Jon Pareles; Adam Nagourney (February 11, 2012). "Whitney Houston, Pop Superstar, Dies at 48". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/12/arts/music/whitney-houston-dies.html?pagewanted=print. Retrieved February 12, 2012.
^ "Whitney Houston drowned after cocaine use, says coroner". BBC. March 22, 2012.
^ Sheila Marikar (February 12, 2012). "Whitney Houston, Iconic Pop Star, Dies at 48". ABC News. http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/whitney-houston-iconic-pop-star-dies-48/story?id=15565260. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
^ Yan, Holly; Quan, Denise (February 12, 2012). "Music exec: Whitney Houston looked 'healthy and beautiful' days earlier". CNN. http://edition.cnn.com/2012/02/12/showbiz/whitney-houston-death/. Retrieved February 12, 2012.
^ Wynter, Kareen; Martinez, Michael (March 22, 2012). "Coroner: Drowning, heart disease, cocaine use killed Houston". CNN. http://news.blogs.cnn.com/2012/03/22/coroner-drowning-heart-disease-cocaine-use-killed-houston/. Retrieved March 22, 2012.
^ "Coroner: Whitney Houston died of accidental drowning". Entertainment on Today. MSNBC. March 22, 2012. Archived from the original on March 23, 2012. http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Ftodayentertainment.today.msnbc.msn.com%2F_news%2F2012%2F03%2F22%2F10815850-coroner-whitney-houston-died-of-accidental-drowning&date=2012-03-22. Retrieved March 23, 2012.
^ McCartney, Anthony (March 22, 2012). "Houston died from drowning, coroner says". Associated Press (via Y! Music). http://music.yahoo.com/news/houston-died-drowning-coroner-says-213627189.html. Retrieved March 22, 2012.
^ "Whitney Houston: Final coroner’s report". The Los Angeles Times. latimes.com. April 4, 2012. http://documents.latimes.com/whitney-houston-coroners-report-final/. Retrieved April 6, 2012.
^ NEWCOMB, ALYSSA. "Whitney Houston Funeral: Singer Laid to Rest". abcnews.go.com. http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/whitney-houston-funeral-singer-laid-rest/story?id=15745349. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
^ "Whitney Houston's funeral: Love and humor dominate remembrances of pop superstar". NJ.com. 2011-11-01. http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2012/02/whitney_houstons_funeral_love_1.html. Retrieved 2012-02-19.
^ Gamboa, Glenn (February 18, 2012). "Whitney Houston funeral notable moments and celebrities". Newsday. Fred Groser. http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/music/backstage-pass-1.811987/whitney-houston-funeral-notable-moments-and-celebrities-1.3539880. Retrieved February 20, 2012.
^ 02/18/2012 by Olivia Allin. "Whitney Houston funeral: Bobby Brown leaves shortly after service began – 02/19/2012 | Entertainment News from". OnTheRedCarpet.com. http://www.ontheredcarpet.com/Whitney-Houston-funeral:-Bobby-Brown-leaves-shortly-after-service-began/8549147. Retrieved 2012-02-19.
^ Terruso, Julia (18 February 2012). "Whitney Houston to be buried in Westfield: A Jersey girl comes home". The Star-Ledger. http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2012/02/whitney_houston_to_be_buried_i.html. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
^ "Clive Davis: Whitney Houston would have wanted the music to go on". Los Angeles Times. February 12, 2012. http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/music_blog/2012/02/clive-davis-whitney-houston-dead.html. Retrieved February 12, 2012.
^ "Tony Bennett calls for legalization of drugs". Toronto Sun. 12 February 2012. http://www.torontosun.com/2012/02/12/tony-bennett-calls-for-legalization-of-drugs. Retrieved 14 February 2012.
^ Gipson, Brooklyne (February 14, 2012). "Chaka Khan: Clive Davis Should Have Canceled His Party". BET. BET Interactive, LLC. http://www.bet.com/news/music/2012/02/14/chaka-khan-clive-davis-should-have-canceled-his-party.html. Retrieved February 17, 2012.
^ Harp, Justin (February 16, 2012). "Sharon Osbourne slams Clive Davis party after Whitney Houston death". Digital Spy. Digital Spy Ltd. http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/showbiz/news/a366189/sharon-osbourne-slams-clive-davis-party-after-whitney-houston-death.html. Retrieved February 17, 2012.
^ "Singer Whitney Houston dies at 48". CNN. February 12, 2012. http://edition.cnn.com/2012/02/11/showbiz/whitney-houston-dead/. Retrieved February 12, 2012.
^ ^a ^b "Mariah Carey, Diddy, Others React to Whitney Houston's Death". Rolling Stone. February 12, 2012. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/mariah-carey-diddy-others-react-to-whitney-houstons-death-20120212. Retrieved February 12, 2012.
^ Rice, Lynette (February 11, 2012). "Celebs react to Whitney Houston death: 'Please tell me it's not true'". Entertainment Weekly (Entertainment Weekly Inc.). http://music-mix.ew.com/2012/02/11/celebs-react-to-whitney-houston-death-please-tell-me-its-not-true/. Retrieved February 17, 2012.
^ "'SNL' Showcases Karmin, Honors Whitney Houston". Idolator. February 12, 2012. http://idolator.com/6178091/karmin-snl-whitney-houston. Retrieved February 12, 2012.
^ "'SNL' Honors Whitney Houston". The Daily Beast. February 12, 2012. http://www.thedailybeast.com/cheats/2012/02/12/snl-honors-whitney-houston.html. Retrieved February 12, 2012.
^ "Bobby Brown Says 'I Love You, Whitney' During Emotional Concert". Billboard. February 12, 2012. http://www.billboard.com/news/bobby-brown-says-i-love-you-whitney-during-1006170152.story#/news/bobby-brown-says-i-love-you-whitney-during-1006170152.story. Retrieved February 12, 2012.
^ "Singer Whitney Houston found dead". FoxNews. February 12, 2012. http://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/2012/02/11/whitney-houston-dies-at-48/. Retrieved February 12, 2012.
^ "Grammys honor 'fallen sister' Houston". New York Post (NYP Holdings, Inc.). February 13, 2012. http://www.nypost.com/p/news/national/grammys_honor_fallen_sister_houston_uColauGmHTD4fS2KlENCHM. Retrieved February 17, 2012.
^ Botelho, Greg (February 12, 2012). "Grammys salute late icon: 'Whitney, we will always love you'". CNN (Turner Broadcasting System, Inc.). http://articles.cnn.com/2012-02-12/entertainment/showbiz_whitney-houston-grammy-tribute_1_whitney-houston-54th-annual-grammy-awards-grammy-winner?_s=PM:SHOWBIZ. Retrieved February 17, 2012.
^ Rahman, Ray (February 18, 2012). "NAACP Image Awards tributes Whitney Houston, hands prizes to 'The Help' and George Lucas". Entertainment Weekly. Entertainment Weekly Inc.. http://popwatch.ew.com/2012/02/18/naacp-image-awards-whitney-houston-the-help/. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
^ "Brit Awards 2012: Rhianna and Bruno Mars win international gongs at Brit Awards 2012". The Daily Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group Ltd. February 22, 2012. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newsvideo/celebrity-news-video/9097919/Brit-Awards-2012-Rhianna-and-Bruno-Mars-win-international-gongs-at-Brit-Awards-2012.html. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
^ "Michigan man burns N.J. state flag to protest lowering of flags for Whitney Houston". NJ.com. Associated Press. 20 February 2012. http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2012/02/michican_man_burns_nj_state_fl.html#incart_hbx. Retrieved 21 February 2012.
^ J. Downey, Ryan (February 27, 2012). "Whitney Houston, Elizabeth Taylor Remembered At Oscars". MTV. Viacom International Inc.. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1679980/oscars-2012-memoriam-whitney-houston.jhtml. Retrieved February 27, 2012.
^ "Academy pays tribute to Whitney Houston at Oscars". The Guardian. Guardian News and Media Ltd. February 27, 2012. http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2012/feb/27/whitney-houston-oscars-tribute. Retrieved February 27, 2012.
^ Maury Dean (June 1, 2003). Rock 'n' roll: Gold rush : a singles un-encyclopedia. Algora Publishing. p. 87. ISBN 978-0-87586-207-1. http://books.google.com/books?id=lJS4EArRBwoC&pg=PA87.
^ ^a ^b ^c Powers, Ann. "Album Review: Whitney Houston's 'I Look To You'". Los Angeles Times. August 25, 2009
^ "Whitney Houston: the life, death and rebirth of a pop princess". Times UK. http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/music/article6876609.ece. Retrieved February 5, 2012.
^ Saint Bris, Gonzague (2009) (in French). La Malibran. Belfond. p. 105. ISBN 978-2-7144-4542-1.
^ "Blender Magazine's 22 Greatest Voices". Blender. http://www.amiannoying.com/(S(2il2p4555xuggu3m5gbfneam))/collection.aspx?collection=534. Retrieved January 13, 2010.
^ "100 Outstanding Pop Vocalists". COVE. http://celebrities-group.popsugar.com/1659579. Retrieved January 13, 2010.
^ Perpetua, Matthew (February 13, 2012). "Photos: Ten Incredible Whitney Houston Performances". Rolling Stone. Jann S. Wenne. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/photos/ten-incredible-whitney-houston-performances-20120213. Retrieved February 18, 2012.
^ ^a ^b ^c Caramanica, Jon (February 12, 2012). "A Voice of Triumph, the Queen of Pain". The New York Times (The New York Times Company). http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/13/arts/music/whitney-houstons-voice-of-triumph-and-pain.html. Retrieved February 18, 2012.
^ "Higher and Higher. Mariah Daily Journal". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on June 1, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080601235137/http://www.mariahdaily.com/infozone/magazines/1998/vibe/index.shtml. Retrieved November 11, 2010.
^ Everitt, Lauren (February 15, 2012). "Whitney Houston and the art of melisma". BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-17039208. Retrieved February 20, 2012.
^ "If Ella Fitzgerald is the queen of jazz, Billie Holiday first lady of the blues, and Aretha Franklin the queen of soul, then who is the queen of pop? In the 1990s, it would seem to be a three-way tie between Whitney Houston, Mariah Carey, and Celine Dion. Certainly all three have their devotees and detractors, but their presence has been inescapable." in Lister, Linda (2001). "Divafication: The Deification of Modern Female Pop Stars". Popular Music and Society 25 (3/4): p. 1. ISSN 03007766
^ Holden, Stephen (July 22, 1993). "Review/Pop; For Whitney Houston, Showy Doesn't Count: The Show Is the Voice". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1993/07/22/arts/review-pop-for-whitney-houston-showy-doesn-t-count-the-show-is-the-voice.html. Retrieved March 13, 2011.
^ Gardner, Elysa (November 24, 1996). "Oh, Whitney – for Heaven's Sake". Los Angeles Times.
^ "Whitney Houston". Headliners and Legends. NBC. August 8, 2000.
^ Hunt, Dennis (January 18, 1987). "Baker And The Rise Of Black Women In Pop". Los Angeles Times (Tribune Company). http://articles.latimes.com/1987-01-18/entertainment/ca-5281_1_other-black-women. Retrieved March 26, 2011.
^ ^a ^b Huey, Steve. "Whitney Houston Biography". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/whitney-houston-p4519/biography. Retrieved October 16, 2010.
^ Holden, Stephen. "The Pop Life; 1986, A Musically Conservative Year". The New York Times. December 31, 1986.
^ Corliss, Richard, Elizabeth L. Bland, and Elaine Dutka (July 13, 1987). "Show Business: The Prom Queen of Soul". Time. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,964980-2,00.html. Retrieved October 16, 2010.
^ Holden, Stephen. "Review/Pop; Diana Ross Flirts With a Willing Audience". The New York Times. June 16, 1989.
^ Gill, Any (February 17, 2012). "Whitney Houston, the greatest voice of her generation". The Independant (Independent Print Ltd.). http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/whitney-houston-the-greatest-voice-of-her-generation-6988653.html. Retrieved February 20, 2012.
^ Song Woong-ki (March 29, 2010). "Whitney Houston to perform in Seoul". The Korea Herald. http://www.koreaherald.com/national/Detail.jsp?newsMLId=20100108000023. Retrieved February 12, 2012.
^ Macnie, Jim (2001). "Whitney Houston Biography". Rolling Stone. Jann S. Wenner. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/whitney-houston/biography. Retrieved October 16, 2010.
^ "50 Most Influential RnB Stars". Essence. June 21, 2011. http://photos.essence.com/galleries/50_most_influential_black_musicians#811963. Retrieved July 1, 2011.
^ "Whitney Houston obituary". The Guardian. Feb 2012. http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2012/feb/12/whitney-houston-obituary. Retrieved February 12, 2012.
^ Toni Braxton Talks About Her Hit Love Songs, Sexy Image and Religious Background. January 17, 1994. http://books.google.com/books?id=2LkDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA39. Retrieved October 17, 2010.
^ Rodman Sarah. "Teen queen Aguilera belts 'em out like Whitney Houston". Boston Herald. September 5, 1999. Page 064
^ IBTimes Staff Reporter (February 14, 2012). "LeAnn Rimes Performs Whitney Houston Tribute of 'I Will Always Love You'". International Business Times. The International Business Times Inc.. http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/298549/20120214/whitney-houston-tribute-leann-rimes-video-song.htm. Retrieved February 20, 2012.
^ "Jessica Simpson Biography". Bandbiographies.com. July 10, 1980. http://www.bandbiographies.com/jessica_simpson/biography.htm. Retrieved February 12, 2012.
^ Nelly Furtado. "show". Isound.com. http://www.isound.com/nelly_furtado. Retrieved February 12, 2012.
^ "Jessica simpson online – Actress Singer Photo gallery wallpapers biography". Jessicasimpsonlive.info. http://www.jessicasimpsonlive.info/. Retrieved January 2, 2012.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Everybody Talk About Pop Music!". MTV. August 2001.
^ Good Morning America. ABC. August 20, 2009.
^ "From Beyonce to Gaga: 8 Singers Influenced by Whitney Houston – Ashanti". ABC News. ABC News Internet Ventures. February 16, 2012. http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/singers-influenced-whitney-houston/story?id=15632234#7. Retrieved February 20, 2012.
^ Cordova, Randy. "R&B singer-songwriter Robin Thicke follows his own tune". Arizona Republic. March 4, 2009.
^ Hall, Rashaun (July 27, 2002). Amerie Offers 'All' She Has. http://books.google.com/books?id=AAwEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA20. Retrieved October 19, 2010.
^ Roberts, Damone (October 7, 2010). "Beauty 101: Kelly Rowland's Next Chapter". Essence. http://www.essence.com/entertainment/celebrity_spotlight/damone_roberts_kelly_rowland_new_music_hairstyle.php. Retrieved October 17, 2010.
^ Friedman, Roger (December 18, 2002). "Mariah Calls, Whitney Falls". Fox News. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,73318,00.html. Retrieved April 25, 2009.
^ Gardner, Elysa. "Carey frees her spirit, and it is named 'Mimi'". USA Today. April 11, 2005.
^ "From Beyonce to Gaga: 8 Singers Influenced by Whitney Houston – Celine Dion". ABC News. ABC News Internet Ventures. February 16, 2012. http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/singers-influenced-whitney-houston/story?id=15632234#6. Retrieved February 20, 2012.
^ Caldwell, Rebecca. "Destiny's Child". The Globe and Mail. July 21, 2001 page R1.
^ Beyoncé "From Beyonce to Gaga: 8 Singers Influenced by Whitney Houston – Beyoncé". ABC News. ABC News Internet Ventures. February 16, 2012. http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/singers-influenced-whitney-houston/story?id=15632234#3 – Beyoncé. Retrieved February 20, 2012.
^ 1st Annual BET Awards. Black Entertainment Television. June 19, 2001.
^ Johnson, Billy, Jr. (June 25, 2010). "Brandy On Whitney Houston's Self-Titled Debut: Black Music Month Album Spotlight No. 15". Yahoo! Music. http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/hiphopmediatraining/282721/brandy-on-whitney-houstons-self-titled-debut-black-music-month-album-spotlight-15/. Retrieved October 17, 2010.
^ "Celebrating Black Music". EBONY (Johnson Publishing Company) 61 (8): 166. June 2006. ISSN =0012-9011. http://books.google.com/books?id=eIFwcIQHLeQC&pg=PA166. Retrieved March 17, 2011.
^ Mitchell, Gail (November 14, 2009). The Elements of Style. http://books.google.com/books?id=Pnp_Xu47q9cC&pg=PT21. Retrieved October 19, 2010.
^ Seymour, Gene. "Destiny's real child, Jennifer Hudson looks headed for stardom, and maybe an Oscar, with 'Dreamgirls'". Newsday. December 10, 2006. Page C06.
^ Bull, Sarah (October 19, 2007). "Leona Lewis' Spirited chart bid". The Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/ae/celebrity/articles/2007/10/19/leona_lewis_spirited_chart_bid/. Retrieved October 18, 2010.
^ Newman, Melinda. "Jennifer Hudson to 'surprise duet' at Davis party". The Associated Press. February 6, 2008.
^ Talarico, Brittany (November 11, 2009). "Whitney Houston to Take the Stage at the AMAs". OK!. http://www.okmagazine.com/2009/11/whitney-houston-to-take-the-stage-at-the-amas/. Retrieved March 17, 2011.
^ Willman, Chris (December 10, 1993). "Pop Music Review: Houston Tops Off Record Night With Show's Highlight". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/1993-12-10/entertainment/ca-373_1_pop-music-review. Retrieved March 17, 2011.
^ Dezzani, Mark (May 21, 1994). "World Music Awards Gaining Stature". Billboard (Nielsen Business Media, Inc.) 106 (21). ISSN 0006-2510. http://books.google.com/books?id=TAgEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA41. Retrieved February 9, 2010.
^ "The Greatest " Ep. 071 "50 Greatest Women of the Video Era"". VH1. May 17, 2003. http://www.vh1.com/shows/the_greatest/episode.jhtml?episodeID=66355#moreinfo. Retrieved March 17, 2011.
^ "The 200 Greatest Pop Culture Icons Complete Ranked List" (Press release). VH1. July 21–25, 2003. http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/the-200-greatest-pop-culture-icons-complete-ranked-list-70807437.html. Retrieved March 17, 2011.
^ "The Billboard Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists". Nielsen Business Media, Inc.. 2008. http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/specials/hot100/charts/top100-artists-20.shtml. Retrieved March 17, 2011.
^ Holden, Stephen (February 16, 1985). "Cabaret: Whitney Houston". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1985/02/16/arts/cabaret-whitney-houston.html. Retrieved January 13, 2009.
^ "Who Will Come Out On Top Of VH1's 100 Greatest Artists Of All Time? | Vh1 Blog". Blog.vh1.com. August 25, 2010. http://blog.vh1.com/2010-08-25/who-will-come-out-on-top-of-vh1s-100-greatest-artists-of-all-time. Retrieved November 11, 2010.
^ "Top 50 R&B/Hip-Hop Artists of the Past 25 Years". Nielsen Business Media, Inc.. November 18, 2010. http://www.billboard.com/#/column/the-juice/the-top-50-r-b-hip-hop-artists-of-the-past-1004127916.story?page=5. Retrieved March 17, 2011.
^ Billboard 110 Years: A Billboard Anniversary Salute. November 27, 2004. http://books.google.com/books?id=bBMEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA17. Retrieved October 19, 2010.
^ Susman, Gary (June 22, 2001). "Black Power, Plus Phantom Menace DVD will compete with pirated edit, another movie ad scandal, and more". Entertainment Weekly. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,131512,00.html. Retrieved January 12, 2010.
^ "Top Selling Artists". RIAA. http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=tblTopArt. Retrieved June 9, 2008.
^ Johnson Publishing Company (June 1990). Ebony. Johnson Publishing Company. pp. 138–. ISSN 00129011. http://books.google.com/books?id=8tMDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA138. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
^ "MTV Movie Awards: Best Female Performance". swaptree.com. July 13, 1993. http://www.swaptree.com/DVDs/awards/mtv-movie-awards-best-female-performance/5/43/. Retrieved January 11, 2010.
^ "MTV Movie Awards: Best Breakthrough Performance". swaptree.com. July 13, 1993. http://www.swaptree.com/DVDs/awards/mtv-movie-awards-breakthrough-perf-female/5/53/. Retrieved January 11, 2010.
^ "MTV Movie Awards: Best On-Screen Duo". swaptree.com. July 13, 1993. http://www.swaptree.com/DVDs/awards/mtv-movie-awards-best-screen-team/5/49/. Retrieved January 11, 2010.
^ 1992 RAZZIE Nominees & "Winners" Razzie Awards'.' Retrieved February 21, 2010.
^ "Whitney Houston: Blurbs". tv.com. http://www.tv.com/whitney-houston/person/23304/trivia.html. Retrieved January 11, 2010.
^ EBONY's 50th Anniversary Show, Denzel Washington Among NAACP Image Award Winners (p60). March 3, 1997. http://books.google.com/books?id=mjkDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA58. Retrieved January 8, 2010.
^ Fitzpatrick, Eileen (February 1, 1997). 1996 Blockbuster Entertainment Awards Nominees Announced. http://books.google.com/books?id=zA4EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA61. Retrieved June 15, 2010.
^ "1997 Kids' Choice Awards". Internet Movie Database. http://www.imdb.com/Sections/Awards/Kids_Choice_Awards_USA/1997. Retrieved January 13, 2010.
^ Stewart, Bhob. "Rodgers & Hammerstein's Cinderella Description". Allmovie. http://www.allmovie.com/dvd/rodgers-hammersteins-cinderella-34500. Retrieved January 11, 2010.
^ ^a ^b "1998 Emmy Awards: nominees for Outstanding Variety, Music Or Comedy Special". emmys.com. September 13, 1998. http://www.emmys.com/award_history_search?person=&program=&start_year=1998&end_year=1998&network=All&web_category=425&winner=All. Retrieved October 16, 2010.
^ ^a ^b The 29th NAACP Image Awards Official Ballot. The Crisis. December 1997 – January 1998. http://books.google.com/books?id=RVkEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA24-IA2. Retrieved June 30, 2010.
^ ^a ^b "Whitney Houston Film Appearances". filmreference.com. http://www.filmreference.com/film/14/Whitney-Houston.html. Retrieved September 26, 2009.
^ "Commercial Breaks: Stars Who Made Their Screen Debuts in TV Commercials, Whitney Houston (3 of 13)". television.aol.com. http://television.aol.com/photos/commercial-breaks-celebrity-debuts. Retrieved January 11, 2010.
^ "Other works for Whitney Houston". Internet Movie Database. http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0001365/otherworks. Retrieved January 11, 2010.
^ "Whitney Houston Diet Coke Commercial (1986)". starsinginglessons.com. http://starsinginglessons.com/blog/24/diet-coke-commercial-music/. Retrieved January 10, 2010.
^ "Whitney Houston Diet Coke Commercial "Just for the Taste of It" (1988)". advertisementave.com. http://www.advertisementave.com/tv/ad.asp?adid=186. Retrieved January 10, 2010.
^ Lisa D. Campbell (1993). Michael Jackson: the king of pop. Branden Books. p. 185. ISBN 978-0-8283-1957-7. http://books.google.com/books?id=BVC9zltjf-EC&pg=PA185.
^ Evans Price, Deborah (October 14, 1995). Pop Writer/Producer Keith Thomas Overcoming Nashville's Country Stigma. http://books.google.com/books?id=iA4EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA45. Retrieved January 11, 2010.
^ "アイム・ユア・ベイビー・トゥナイト ~ ホイットニー・ヒューストン(Whitney Houston's I'm Your Baby Tonght Japanese edition)". amazon.co.jp. http://www.amazon.co.jp/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A6%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BB%E3%83%99%E3%82%A4%E3%83%93%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%88%E3%82%A5%E3%83%8A%E3%82%A4%E3%83%88-%E3%83%9B%E3%82%A4%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%92%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3/dp/B000J10DXY/. Retrieved January 11, 2010.
^ "Whitney Houston's Early TV Commercials: She Could Really Sell It – 1990 Sanyo". Business Insider. Business Insider, Inc.. February 12, 2012. http://www.businessinsider.com/whitney-houstons-early-tv-commercials-she-could-really-sell-it-2012-2#sanyo-1990-3. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
^ Whitney On Wheels. July 11, 1994. http://books.google.com/books?id=NuQCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA7. Retrieved January 10, 2010.
^ Elliott, Stuart (June 15, 1994). "The Media Business: Advertising – Addenda; Whitney Houston In Deal With AT&T". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1994/06/15/business/the-media-business-advertising-addenda-whitney-houston-in-deal-with-at-t.html. Retrieved January 15, 2010.
^ "Whitney Houston's Early TV Commercials: She Could Really Sell It". Business Insider. Business Insider, Inc.. February 12, 2012. http://www.businessinsider.com/whitney-houstons-early-tv-commercials-she-could-really-sell-it-2012-2#. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
^ "Rodgers & Hammerstein's Cinderella Production Credits". Allmovie. http://www.allmovie.com/work/rodgers-amp-hammersteins-cinderella-160176/credits. Retrieved January 11, 2010.
^ "The Princess Diaries Production Credits". Allmovie. http://www.allmovie.com/work/the-princess-diaries-249183/credits. Retrieved January 11, 2010.
^ "2002 Young Artist Awards Winners & Nominees". Internet Movie Database. April 7, 2002. http://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000716/2002. Retrieved October 16, 2010.
^ "2002 Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards Winners & Nominees". Internet Movie Database. January 11, 2002. http://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000133/2002. Retrieved October 16, 2010.
^ "2002 Phoenix Film Critics Society Awards Winners & Nominees". Internet Movie Database. January 29, 2002. http://www.imdb.com/event/ev0001104/2002. Retrieved October 16, 2010.
^ "2002 Teen Choice Awards Winners & Nominees". Internet Movie Database. August 4, 2002. http://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000644/2002. Retrieved October 16, 2010.
^ "The Cheetah Girls Production Credits". Allmovie. http://www.allmovie.com/work/the-cheetah-girls-292197/credits. Retrieved January 11, 2010.
^ "The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement Production Credits". Allmovie. http://www.allmovie.com/work/the-princess-diaries-2-royal-engagement-295941/credits. Retrieved January 11, 2010.
^ "The Cheetah Girls 2: When in Spain Production Credits". Allmovie. http://www.allmovie.com/work/the-cheetah-girls-2-when-in-spain-353844/credits. Retrieved January 11, 2010.

External links [link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Whitney Houston

Official website
Whitney Houston at RollingStone
Whitney Houston at the Internet Movie Database
Whitney Houston collected news and commentary at The New York Times
Whitney Houston collected news and commentary at The Wall Street Journal
Whitney Houston collected news and commentary at The Guardian
Works by Whitney Houston on Open Library at the Internet Archive
Whitney Houston at MTV

v t e Whitney Houston

Discography Videography Tours and concerts Awards and nominations

Studio albums	Whitney Houston (1985) Whitney (1987) I'm Your Baby Tonight (1990) My Love Is Your Love (1998) Just Whitney... (2002) One Wish: The Holiday Album (2003) I Look to You (2009)

Soundtrack albums	The Bodyguard (1992) Waiting to Exhale (1995) The Preacher's Wife (1996) Rodgers & Hammerstein's Cinderella (1997)

Compilation albums	Whitney: The Greatest Hits (2000) Love, Whitney (2001) The Ultimate Collection (2007)

Concert tours	The Greatest Love World Tour (1986) Moment of Truth World Tour (1987–88) Feels So Right Tour (1990) I'm Your Baby Tonight World Tour (1991) The Bodyguard World Tour (1993–94) The Pacific Rim Tour (1997) The European Tour (1998) My Love Is Your Love World Tour (1999) Soul Divas Tour (2004) Nothing but Love World Tour (2010)

Notable concerts & appearances	Freedomfest: Nelson Mandela 70th Birthday Celebration (1988) Welcome Home Heroes with Whitney Houston (1991) The Concert for a New South Africa (1994) Brunei: The Royal Wedding Celebration (1996) Classic Whitney Live from Washington, D.C. (1997) VH1 Divas Live '99 VH1 Divas Duets: A Concert to Benefit the VH1 Save the Music Foundation (2003)

Achievements	Chart records and achievements Grammy awards history American Music Awards history

Related articles	Super Bowl XXV Arista Records "Heart" "Dance with Somebody" "The Bodyguard (musical)"

Book Category Portal

v t e Whitney Houston singles

Whitney Houston	"You Give Good Love" (1985) "All at Once" (1985) "Saving All My Love for You" (1985) "Thinking About You" (1985) "How Will I Know" (1986) "The Greatest Love of All" (1986)

Whitney	"I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)" (1987) "Didn't We Almost Have It All" (1987) "So Emotional" (1987) "Where Do Broken Hearts Go" (1988) "Love Will Save the Day" (1988) "I Know Him So Well" (1989)

I'm Your Baby Tonight	"I'm Your Baby Tonight" (1990) "All the Man That I Need" (1990) "Miracle" (1991) "My Name Is Not Susan" (1991) "I Belong to You" (1991) "We Didn't Know" (1991)

The Bodyguard	"I Will Always Love You" (1992) "I'm Every Woman" (1993) "I Have Nothing" (1993) "Run to You" (1993) "Queen of the Night" (1993)

Waiting to Exhale	"Exhale (Shoop Shoop)" (1995) "Count on Me" (1996) "Why Does It Hurt So Bad" (1996)

The Preacher's Wife	"I Believe in You and Me" (1996) "Step by Step" (1997) "My Heart Is Calling" (1997)

My Love Is Your Love	"When You Believe" (1998) "Heartbreak Hotel" (1999) "It's Not Right but It's Okay" (1999) "My Love Is Your Love" (1999) "I Learned from the Best" (2000)

Whitney: The Greatest Hits	"Could I Have This Kiss Forever" (2000) "If I Told You That" (2000) "Fine" (2000) "Same Script, Different Cast" (2000)

Just Whitney	"Whatchulookinat" (2002) "One of Those Days" (2003) "Try It on My Own" (2003) "Love That Man" (2003)

One Wish: The Holiday Album	"One Wish (for Christmas)" (2004)

I Look to You	"I Look to You" (2009) "Million Dollar Bill" (2009)

Featured singles	"Hold Me" (1984) "It Isn't, It Wasn't, It Ain't Never Gonna Be" (1989) "Something in Common" (1994)

Other songs	"One Moment in Time" (1988) "The Star Spangled Banner" (1991) "I Didn't Know My Own Strength" (2009)

Book Category Portal

Whitney Houston honors

v t e Primetime Emmy Award for Individual Performance in a Variety or Music Program (1976–2000)

Harvey Korman / Brenda Vaccaro (1974) Jack Albertson / Cloris Leachman (1975) Chevy Chase / Vicki Lawrence (1976) Tim Conway / Rita Moreno (1977) Tim Conway / Gilda Radner (1978) Cloris Leachman (1984) George Hearn (1985) Whitney Houston (1986) Robin Williams (1987) Robin Williams (1988) Linda Ronstadt (1989) Tracey Ullman (1990) Billy Crystal (1991) Billy Crystal (1992) Dana Carvey (1993) Tracey Ullman (1994) Barbra Streisand (1995) Tony Bennett (1996) Bette Midler (1997) Billy Crystal (1998) John Leguizamo (1999) Eddie Izzard (2000)

Complete list (1976–2000) (2001–2025)

Grammy Award for Record of the Year (1990s)

"Wind Beneath My Wings"* by Bette Midler produced by Arif Mardin (1990)	"Another Day in Paradise" by Phil Collins produced by Hugh Padgham & Phil Collins (1991)
"Unforgettable"* by Natalie Cole with Nat King Cole produced by David Foster (1992)	"Tears in Heaven"* by Eric Clapton produced by Russ Titelman (1993)
"I Will Always Love You" by Whitney Houston produced by David Foster (1994)	"All I Wanna Do" by Sheryl Crow produced by Bill Bottrell (1995)
"Kiss from a Rose"* by Seal produced by Trevor Horn (1996)	"Change the World"* by Eric Clapton produced by Babyface (1997)
"Sunny Came Home"* by Shawn Colvin produced by John Leventhal (1998)	"My Heart Will Go On"* by Celine Dion engineered/mixed by David Gleeson, Humberto Gatica & Simon Franglen; produced by James Horner, Simon Franglen & Walter Afanasieff (1999)

Grammy Award for Album of the Year (1990s)

Year

Album

Artist(s)

Producer(s)*

1990

Nick of Time

Bonnie Raitt

Don Was

1991

Back on the Block

Quincy Jones and various artists

Quincy Jones

1992

Unforgettable… with Love

Natalie Cole

André Fischer, David Foster, Tommy LiPuma

1993

Unplugged

Eric Clapton

Russ Titelman

1994

The Bodyguard: Original Soundtrack Album

Whitney Houston

Babyface, BeBe Winans, David Cole, David Foster, L.A. Reid, Narada Michael Walden, Robert Clivilles

1995

MTV Unplugged

Tony Bennett

David Kahne

1996

Jagged Little Pill

Alanis Morissette

Glen Ballard

1997

Falling into You

Celine Dion

Aldo Nova, Billy Steinberg, Dan Hill, David Foster, Humberto Gatica, Jean-Jacques Goldman, Jeff Bova, Jim Steinman, John Jones, Ric Wake, Rick Hahn, Rick Nowels, Roy Bittan, Steven Rinkoff

1998

Time Out of Mind

Bob Dylan

Daniel Lanois

1999

The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill

Lauryn Hill

*Engineers/Mixers hidden unless notable

v t e Billboard Year-End number one singles (1980–1999)

1980: "Call Me" – Blondie 1981: "Bette Davis Eyes" – Kim Carnes 1982: "Physical" – Olivia Newton-John 1983: "Every Breath You Take" – The Police 1984: "When Doves Cry" – Prince 1985: "Careless Whisper" – Wham! featuring George Michael 1986: "That's What Friends Are For" – Dionne & Friends 1987: "Walk Like an Egyptian" – The Bangles 1988: "Faith" – George Michael 1989: "Look Away" – Chicago 1990: "Hold On" – Wilson Phillips 1991: "(Everything I Do) I Do It for You" – Bryan Adams 1992: "End of the Road" – Boyz II Men 1993: "I Will Always Love You" – Whitney Houston 1994: "The Sign" – Ace of Base 1995: "Gangsta's Paradise" – Coolio featuring L.V. 1996: "Macarena" (Bayside Boys Mix) – Los del Río 1997: "Candle in the Wind 1997"/"Something About the Way You Look Tonight" – Elton John 1998: "Too Close" – Next 1999: "Believe" – Cher

Complete list (1946–1959) (1960–1979) (1980–1999) (2000–2019)

v t e Billboard Year-End number one albums (1970–1989)

1970: Bridge Over Troubled Water – Simon & Garfunkel 1971: Jesus Christ Superstar – Soundtrack 1972: Harvest – Neil Young 1973: The World Is a Ghetto – War 1974: Goodbye Yellow Brick Road – Elton John 1975: Elton John's Greatest Hits -Elton John 1976: Frampton Comes Alive! – Peter Frampton 1977: Rumours – Fleetwood Mac 1978: Saturday Night Fever – Soundtrack 1979: 52nd Street – Billy Joel 1980: The Wall – Pink Floyd 1981: Hi Infidelity – REO Speedwagon 1982: Asia – Asia 1983: Thriller – Michael Jackson 1984: Thriller – Michael Jackson 1985: Born in the U.S.A. – Bruce Springsteen 1986: Whitney Houston – Whitney Houston 1987: Slippery When Wet – Bon Jovi 1988: Faith – George Michael 1989: Don't Be Cruel – Bobby Brown

Complete list (1956–1969) (1970–1989) (1990–2009) (2010–2029)

v t e UK best-selling singles (by year) (1990–2009)

1990: "Unchained Melody" - The Righteous Brothers · 1991: "(Everything I Do) I Do It for You" - Bryan Adams · 1992: "I Will Always Love You" - Whitney Houston · 1993: "I'd Do Anything for Love (But I Won't Do That)" - Meat Loaf · 1994: "Love Is All Around" - Wet Wet Wet · 1995: "Unchained Melody" - Robson & Jerome · 1996: "Killing Me Softly" - Fugees · 1997: "Something About the Way You Look Tonight"/"Candle in the Wind 1997" - Elton John · 1998: "Believe" - Cher · 1999: "...Baby One More Time" - Britney Spears · 2000: "Can We Fix It?" - Bob the Builder · 2001: "It Wasn't Me" - Shaggy feat. Rikrok · 2002: "Anything Is Possible"/"Evergreen" - Will Young · 2003: "Where Is the Love?" - The Black Eyed Peas · 2004: "Do They Know It's Christmas?" - Band Aid 20 · 2005: "Is This the Way to Amarillo" - Tony Christie feat. Peter Kay · 2006: "Crazy" - Gnarls Barkley · 2007: "Bleeding Love" - Leona Lewis · 2008: "Hallelujah" - Alexandra Burke · 2009: "Poker Face" - Lady Gaga

Complete list (1952–1969) (1970–1989) (1990–2009) (2010–2029)

Authority control: PND: 118852663 | LCCN: n87938447 | VIAF: 100252201 | WorldCat

http://wn.com/Whitney_Houston

http://de.wn.com/Whitney Houston

http://es.wn.com/Whitney Houston

http://ru.wn.com/Хьюстон, Уитни

http://cs.wn.com/Whitney Houston

http://pt.wn.com/Whitney Houston

http://pl.wn.com/Whitney Houston

http://hi.wn.com/व्हिटनी ह्यूस्टन

http://it.wn.com/Whitney Houston

http://id.wn.com/Whitney Houston

http://nl.wn.com/Whitney Houston

http://fr.wn.com/Whitney Houston

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitney_Houston

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

Nancy Kerrigan

Kerrigan interviewed in Turin, Italy, February 22, 2006

Personal information

Country represented

USA

Born

October 13, 1969 (age 42)

Height

5 ft 4 in (1.63 m)^[1]

Former coach

Evy Scotvold
Mary Scotvold

Retired

1994

Medal record

Competitor for the USA
Ladies' Figure skating
Olympic Games
Silver	1994 Lillehammer	Ladies' singles
Bronze	1992 Albertville	Ladies' singles
World Championships
Silver	1992 Oakland	Ladies' singles
Bronze	1991 Munich	Ladies' singles

Olympic medal record
Women's figure skating
Competitor for the USA
Silver	1994 Lillehammer	Ladies' singles
Bronze	1992 Albertville	Ladies' singles

Nancy Ann Kerrigan (born October 13, 1969) is a two-time American Olympic figure skating medalist and 1993 U.S. champion.

1 Early life and skating career
2 1991–1993 competitions
3 January 1994 attack
4 1994 Winter Olympics and post-event controversy
5 Kerrigan's Olympic skating fashions
6 Post-Olympic skating career
7 Personal life
8 Results
9 References
10 External links

Early life and skating career [link]

Kerrigan was born in Woburn, Massachusetts to Daniel Kerrigan and Brenda M. (Schultz) Kerrigan. She began ice skating at age six at the local rink in her hometown of Stoneham, Massachusetts. Her two older brothers, Michael and Mark, played hockey, but hockey was not considered an appropriate activity for girls at that time so she took up figure skating instead.^[2] She did not start private lessons until age eight, and won her first figure skating medal at age nine.^[3]

The Kerrigan family was of modest means. Kerrigan's father, a welder, sometimes worked three jobs to fund her skating career, and also drove the ice resurfacer at the local rink in exchange for lessons.^[4]

Kerrigan was coached by Theresa Martin until she was 16, then after a brief period with Denise Morrissey began working with Evy and Mary Scotvold.^[5] They remained her coaches through the rest of her competitive career.

Kerrigan began to reach prominence at the national level when she placed 4th at the junior level at the 1987 U.S. Figure Skating Championships. She made an early impression as a strong jumper but was comparatively weak in compulsory figures.^[6] Kerrigan made her senior debut the following season, moving up the national rankings each year: 12th in 1988, 5th in 1989, and 4th in 1990.^[7] However, she continued to be held back by compulsory figures until they were eliminated from competitions after the 1990 season.^{[citation needed]}

1991–1993 competitions [link]

Kerrigan's rise at the national level continued when she placed 3rd at the 1991 U.S. Figure Skating Championships. She qualified for the 1991 World Figure Skating Championships, where she won the bronze medal. Her achievement was considered especially astonishing in that it was part of the first-ever sweep of the women's podium by a single country at the World Championships, as her teammates Kristi Yamaguchi and Tonya Harding won gold and silver, respectively.^[8]

In the 1992 season, Kerrigan again improved on her placement at the previous year's national championships by placing 2nd. She received a bronze medal in the 1992 Winter Olympics (Yamaguchi won the gold), and the silver medal at the 1992 World Championships.^[9]

The following season, with Yamaguchi retired from eligible competition, Kerrigan became United States Champion, although with a flawed performance she admitted she would have to improve upon for the World Championships.^[10] She won the short program at the World Championships in Prague, but had a disastrous free skate that resulted in her tumbling to fifth in the standings.^{[citation needed]} This was followed by an even worse performance at a televised pro-am event, where Kerrigan fell three times and botched the landing of another jump, and appeared dazed and depressed.^[11]

After the 1992 Olympics, she had received many corporate sponsorship contracts (with companies such as Seiko, Reebok, Campbell's Soup, and Evian)^[12] as well as opportunities to perform professionally, which was permitted after the International Skating Union abolished the earlier strict amateur status rules that had governed eligibility for the sport.^{[citation needed]} In preparation for the 1994 Olympic season, she curtailed these activities in order to focus on her training instead. She also began working with a sports psychologist to better handle her nerves in competition.^[12]

January 1994 attack [link]

Main article: Tonya Harding: Attack on Nancy Kerrigan

Kerrigan gained considerable fame beyond the skating world when, on January 6, 1994, she was clubbed in the right knee with a collapsible police baton by Shane Stant at the U.S. Figure Skating Championships at Cobo Arena in Detroit, an assault planned by rival Tonya Harding's ex-husband Jeff Gillooly and friend Shawn Eckardt.^[13]

Kerrigan was captured on camera after the attack grabbing her knee and wailing "Why, why, why". This video became a staple of nearly every news organization in the days after the attack.^{[citation needed]} Although Kerrigan's injury forced her to withdraw from the U.S. Championships, her rivals agreed that she merited one of the two spots on the Olympic team.^[14] The USFSA chose to name her to the Olympic team rather than second-place finisher Michelle Kwan.^[15]

Kerrigan recovered quickly from her knee injury and resumed her intensive training. She practiced by doing complete back-to-back double runthroughs of her programs, until she felt completely confident in her ability to compete under pressure.^[16] At the same time, the fame she had acquired from the attack led to further professional opportunities; it was reported that she had already signed contracts for $9.5 million before the Olympic competition began.^[17]

1994 Winter Olympics and post-event controversy [link]

Seven weeks after the attack, Kerrigan skated what she considered to be the best two performances of her life^[16] and won the silver medal in the 1994 Lillehammer Winter Olympics at the Hamar Olympic Amphitheatre, finishing second to Oksana Baiul. Kerrigan had won the short program, but lost the free skate to Baiul in a close and controversial 5–4 decision.^{[citation needed]} CBS Television further played up the controversy by portraying it as a Cold War east/west split, particularly singling out German judge Jan Hoffmann for supposed biased judging.^[18]

Then, while Kerrigan and bronze medalist Chen Lu waited over 20 minutes for Olympic officials to find a copy of the Ukrainian anthem, someone mistakenly told Kerrigan the delay in the presentation was because Baiul was putting on make-up. Kerrigan, showing obvious frustration, was caught on-camera saying "Oh, come on. So she's going to get out here and cry again. What's the difference?"^[19] CBS chose to air the undiplomatic comment, marking a distinct shift in the way Kerrigan was portrayed in the media, which had been somewhat protective of her image up to that point because of the attack against her.^[20]

Kerrigan then chose not to attend the closing ceremonies at the Olympics; her agent claimed this was because Norwegian security had advised her not to do so due to death threats that had been made against her, but this was later denied.^[20] Instead, Kerrigan left Norway to take part in a pre-arranged publicity parade at Walt Disney World, her $2 million sponsor. During the parade, she was caught on microphone saying "This is dumb. I hate it. This is the most corniest thing I have ever done."^[21] She later said her remarks had been taken out of context: she was commenting not on being in the parade, but on having to wear her silver medal in the parade because showing off and bragging about her accomplishments was something that her parents had always taught her not to do. She went on to say that she had nothing against Disney or Mickey Mouse by responding, "Whoever could find fault with Mickey Mouse? He's the greatest mouse I've ever known."^[22]

News articles described Kerrigan as "grumpy" and "bitchy", as well as shy and uncomfortable with the attention that was focused on her as a result of the attack.^[23] Commenting on the media backlash, Mike Barnicle of The Boston Globe said "Now the thing is over so we've got to kill her. That's us [the media], not her."^[24] Whether as a result of the bad publicity or her own inclinations, some of Kerrigan's previously-announced endorsement and television deals were dropped following the Olympics.^[20]

Kerrigan's Olympic skating fashions [link]

Nancy Kerrigan's Olympic skating outfits were designed by noted fashion designer Vera Wang. Along with Christian Lacroix's designs for Surya Bonaly in 1992, Wang's designs marked a new trend for couture designs in figure skating.^[25] Kerrigan's white 1992 free skating costume resembled a wedding dress with sheer illusion sleeves and a basketweave design on the bodice.^{[citation needed]} For the 1994 games, Kerrigan wore another white dress by Wang, trimmed with black velvet bands and sheer black sleeves for the original program, and a champagne-colored dress set with 11,500 rhinestones for the free skate. Wang donated the latter two dresses to Kerrigan; their value was estimated at $9,600 and $13,000, respectively.^[26]

Post-Olympic skating career [link]

Kerrigan retired from active competition after the Olympics. She subsequently appeared in a few professional competitions such as Ice Wars, but instead chose to focus her professional career on performing in a variety of ice shows.^[27] She has appeared in Champions on Ice, Broadway on Ice, and an ice show adaptation of the musical Footloose, among other productions.

She played a small part in the 2007 film Blades of Glory with Will Ferrell. Kerrigan also appeared in the 2006 FOX television program Skating with Celebrities.

She hosted Nancy Kerrigan's World of Skating on the Comcast Network and has also done commentary work for other skating broadcasts. During the 2010 Winter Olympics, Kerrigan served as a "special correspondent" for Entertainment Tonight.^[28] She has written an instructional book on advanced figure skating technique, Artistry on Ice (ISBN 0-7360-3697-0).

In 2003, Kerrigan became a national spokeswoman for Fight for Sight (U.S.).^[29]

Kerrigan was inducted into the United States Figure Skating Hall of Fame in 2004.^[30] She was honored at Ice Theatre of New York's annual benefit gala in 2008.^[31]

Personal life [link]

Kerrigan graduated from Stoneham High School and attended Emmanuel College in Boston to study business.^{[citation needed]}

She created The Nancy Kerrigan Foundation to raise awareness and support for the vision impaired. Kerrigan's mother, Brenda, is legally blind.^{[citation needed]}

Kerrigan married her agent, Jerry Solomon, on September 9, 1995. The marriage was her first and his third.^[32] In addition to his children from prior marriages, the couple have three children together, Matthew, Brian, and Nicole.^[33]^[34]^[35] Jerry Solomon also has a son from his second marriage.^[36]

Kerrigan's father died at age 70 on January 24, 2010,^[37] allegedly due to a violent struggle with her brother Mark.^[38] Mark Kerrigan was charged with manslaughter in connection with the death.^[39] The family said her father died of a longstanding heart condition.^[40] Nancy Kerrigan called the allegation of homicide "unjustified" and said she would defend her brother. She and her mother appeared on a joint witness list to possibly testify at Mark Kerrigan's trial, which was due to begin on May 13, 2011.^[40] Following the court proceedings on May 19, 2011,^[41] Kerrigan was involved in a two-car accident in Wakefield, Massachusetts. There were no injuries to either party.^[42] On May 25, 2011, Kerrigan's brother was acquitted of manslaughter but found guilty of assault and battery by a Middlesex County jury.^[43] He was sentenced to 2½ years with six months suspended.^[44]

Results [link]

Event	1985–86	1986–87	1987–88	1988–89	1989–90	1990–91	1991–92	1992–93	1993–94
Winter Olympics							3rd		2nd
World Championships						3rd	2nd	5th
U.S. Championships	11th J.	4th J.	12th	5th	4th	3rd	2nd	1st
Skate America					5th			2nd
Trophée Lalique							3rd
NHK Trophy			5th
Nations Cup							1st
Piruetten									1st
Goodwill Games					5th
Novarat Trophy				1st

References [link]

^ Kubatko, Justin. "Nancy Kerrigan Biography and Olympic Results". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ke/nancy-kerrigan-1.html. Retrieved June 3, 2011.
^ "Nancy Kerrigan", Skating magazine, December 1990, p34
^ Buzzle Biography of Nancy Kerrigan
^ Nancy Kerrigan Releases a Statement
^ "Nancy Kerrigan", Skating magazine, December 1990, p33
^ "Excitement Under the Dome", Skating magazine, April 1987, p42
^ "Nancy Kerrigan", Skating magazine, December 1990, p35
^ "Victory in Munich", Skating magazine, June 1991, p29-31.
^ "Yamaguchi Caps Her Year With World Title". The New York Times. March 30, 1992. http://www.nytimes.com/1992/03/30/sports/figure-skating-yamaguchi-caps-her-year-with-world-title.html. Retrieved May 26, 2011.
^ "Kerrigan's chase ends", The Arizona Republic, January 24, 1993
^ "Hershey's Kisses Pro-Am Championships Point to the Future with a Past", Skating magazine, May 1993, p14
^ ^a ^b "Reaching for Gold". Skating magazine: p. 22. December 1993.
^ SportsCenter Flashback, Wednesday, November 19, 2003
^ Longman, Jere (January 8, 1994). "Rivals Agree Kerrigan Rates Olympic Spot". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1994/01/08/sports/figure-skating-rivals-agree-kerrigan-rates-olympic-spot.html. Retrieved August 23, 2011.
^ [1] Poisoned Ice, "People Magazine", January 24, 1994.
^ ^a ^b The Official Book of Figure Skating, ISBN 0-684-84673-X, p174
^ Beverley Smith, Figure Skating: A Celebration, ISBN 0-7710-2819-9, p5
^ Scott Hamilton, Landing It, ISBN 1-57566-466-6, p262-264
^ Kerrigan's Latest Foe: Her Image, AP, March 2, 1994
^ ^a ^b ^c [2] Kerrigan's Off-Ice Spins Create `Image Meltdown', The Chicago Tribune, December 11, 1994.
^ Harding, Kerrigan are linked forever by skating incident, accessed July 11, 2006.
^ More Will Be Heard From Kerrigan
^ "In Search of the Real Nancy Kerrigan", The Boston Globe, March 10, 1994
^ The Souring of America's Sweetheart, The Washington Post, March 4, 1994
^ Two skaters give couture a twirl, The New York Times, February 16, 1992
^ Beverley Smith, Figure Skating: A Celebration (ISBN 0-7710-2819-9), p70
^ Scott Hamilton, Landing It, ISBN 1-57566-466-6, p270
^ Nancy Kerrigan Parties at the 2010 Olympics, ET Online.com, Feb. 15, 2010 (accessed Feb. 24, 2010)
^ The Ice Storm, Sports Illustrated Vault, June 30, 2003 (accessed June 4, 2010)
^ "Hall of Fame Members". World Figure Skating Museum and Hall of Fame. http://www.worldskatingmuseum.org/Museum_HOF_Inductees.htm. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^ Lifeskate.com, December 1, 2008
^ Marriages: Nancy Kerrigan, Jerry L. Solomon
^ Skater Kerrigan Gives Birth to Baby Boy – Birth, Nancy Kerrigan : People.com
^ Nancy Kerrigan Welcomes Third Child
^ Brannen, Sarah S.; Meekins, Drew (August 25, 2011). "The Inside Edge: Bradley takes mound for Royals". Icenetwork. http://web.icenetwork.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20110825&content_id=23729378&vkey=ice_news. Retrieved August 25, 2011.
^ Skating on Thin Ice by Michelle Green, People Magazine, Nov. 28, 1994
^ Death Notice, Boston Globe, January 25, 2010
^ Kerriagn's dad dies, brother accused of assault
^ Nancy Kerrigan's Brother Charged With Manslaughter in Dad's Death
^ ^a ^b "Nancy Kerrigan may testify at brother's trial". Associated Press. UniversalSports.com. March 28, 2011. http://www.universalsports.com/news/article/newsid=526910.html#nancy+kerrigan+testify+brothers+trial. Retrieved April 6, 2011.
^ "Nancy Kerrigan in minor car accident after trial" May 19, 2011, Boston Herald
^ "Nancy Kerrigan involved in car crash in Wakefield" April 20, 2011, Chanel 7, WHDH
^ "Jury acquits Nancy Kerrigan's brother in father's death". USA Today. Associated Press. May 25, 2011. http://www.usatoday.com/sports/olympics/2011-05-25-nancy-kerrigan-brother-acquittal_N.htm. Retrieved May 25, 2011.
^ "Nancy Kerrigan's brother sentenced to 2½ years". Associated Press. CBC News. May 26, 2011. http://www.cbc.ca/sports/figureskating/story/2011/05/26/sp-kerrigan-trial.html. Retrieved June 8, 2011.

External links [link]

Nancy Kerrigan Updates
Washington Post article on the clubbing
sptimes.com Harding, Kerrigan are linked forever by skating incident
The Top 10 Boston Sports Stories
Nancy Kerrigan at the Internet Movie Database
"Skate Canada Results Book – Volume 2 – 1974 – current" (PDF). Skate Canada. http://www.skatecanada.ca/en/events_results/results/archives/SkateCanadaResultsBook-Volume2-1974-current.pdf.
People Magazine article 1994 entitled "Poisoned Ice"

v t e United States national champions in figure skating – Ladies' singles

1914: Theresa Weld 1918: Rosemary Beresford 1920–1924: Theresa Weld 1925–1927: Beatrix Loughran 1928–1933: Maribel Vinson 1934: Suzanne Davis 1935–1937: Maribel Vinson 1938–1940: Joan Tozzer 1941–1942: Jane Vaughn 1943–1948: Gretchen Merrill 1949–1950: Yvonne C. Sherman 1951: Sonya Klopfer 1952–1956: Tenley Albright 1957–1960: Carol Heiss 1961: Laurence Owen 1962: Barbara Roles 1963: Lorraine Hanlon 1964–1968: Peggy Fleming 1969–1973: Janet Lynn 1974–1976: Dorothy Hamill 1977–1980: Linda Fratianne 1981: Elaine Zayak 1982–1984: Rosalynn Sumners 1985: Tiffany Chin 1986: Debi Thomas 1987: Jill Trenary 1988: Debi Thomas 1989–1990: Jill Trenary 1991: Tonya Harding 1992: Kristi Yamaguchi 1993: Nancy Kerrigan 1994: None* 1995: Nicole Bobek 1996: Michelle Kwan 1997: Tara Lipinski 1998–2005: Michelle Kwan 2006: Sasha Cohen 2007: Kimmie Meissner 2008: Mirai Nagasu 2009: Alissa Czisny 2010: Rachael Flatt 2011: Alissa Czisny 2012: Ashley Wagner

*Originally awarded to Tonya Harding, but later stripped.

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Kerrigan

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

Persondata
Name	Kerrigan, Nancy
Alternative names
Short description	American figure skater
Date of birth	October 13, 1969
Place of birth	Woburn, Massachusetts, US
Date of death
Place of death

Branches of Mathematics

Pure mathematics

Applied mathematics

Related Topics

Make changes yourself !

Related pages:

Contents

[edit] Jason Aldean (2005-2006)

[edit] Relentless (2007-2008)

[edit] Wide Open (2009-2010)

[edit] My Kinda Party (2010-2012)

Related pages:

Contents

[edit] 1989–91: Born to Sing

[edit] 1992–94: Funky Divas and Runaway Love

[edit] 1994–98: The departure of Robinson and EV3

[edit] 2000–03: Masterpiece Theatre and new member

[edit] 2004–07: Soul Flower and impromptu reunion

Related pages:

Contents

[edit] 1987–1991: Whitney, I'm Your Baby Tonight and "The Star Spangled Banner"

[edit] 1992–1994: Marriage to Bobby Brown and The Bodyguard

[edit] 1995–1997: Waiting to Exhale, The Preacher's Wife, and Cinderella

[edit] 1998–2000: My Love Is Your Love and Whitney: The Greatest Hits

[edit] 2000–2005: Just Whitney, and personal struggles

[edit] 2006–2012: Return to music, I Look to You, tour and film comeback

Related pages:

Contents

Related pages: