Decelea

Decelea (Greek: Δεκέλεια), modern Dekeleia or Dekelia, Deceleia or Decelia (previous Modern Greek name Tatoi, Τατόι), was an ancient village in northern Attica serving as a trade route connecting Euboea with Athens, Greece. The historian Herodotus (9.73) reports that its citizens enjoyed a special relationship with Sparta. The Spartans took control of Decelea around 413 BCE. With advice from Alcibiades in 415 BCE, the former Athenian general wanted on Athenian charges of religious crimes, the Spartans and their allies, under Agis the Spartan king, fortified Decelea as a major military post in the later stage of the Peloponnesian War, giving them control of rural Attica and cutting off the primary land route for food imports. This was a serious blow to Athens, which was concurrently being beaten in the Sicilian Expedition it had undertaken in the west.

The Spartan military presence in Attica, in a deviation from previous policy where Spartans returned home for the winter months, was maintained year round. Spartan patrols through the Attic countryside strained the Athenian cavalry and curtailed the ability of Athens to continue exploiting the Laurium silver mines in southeastern Attica that were an important source of income. Thucydides estimated (7.27) that 20,000 slaves, many of them skilled workers, escaped to Decelea, from 413 until the close of the Peloponnesian War in 404 BCE.

Celia Cruz

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Úrsula Hilaria Celia de la Caridad Cruz Alfonso also known by her stage name Celia Cruz (October 21, 1925 – July 16, 2003) was a Cuban singer of latin music. The most popular latin artist of the 20th century, she earned twenty-three gold albums and was a recipient of the National Medal of Arts. She was renowned internationally as the "Queen of Salsa", "La Guarachera de Cuba", as well as The Queen of Latin Music.

She spent much of her career working in the United States and several Latin American countries. Leila Cobo of Billboard Magazine once said "Cruz is indisputably the best known and most influential female figure in the history of Cuban and Latin music".

Early life

Úrsula Hilaria Celia de la Caridad Cruz Alfonso was born on October 21, 1925 in the diverse, working-class neighborhood of Santos Suárez in Havana, Cuba, the second of four children. Her father, Simon Cruz, was a railroad stoker and her mother, Catalina Alfonso was a homemaker who took care of an extended family of fourteen.

La Negra

La Negra, Spanish for The Black Woman, may refer to:

People

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Music

References

La Negra Tiene Tumbao

La Negra Tiene Tumbao is the 59th album recorded by Cuban salsa singer Celia Cruz released on October 2, 2001. At the third Latin Grammy Awards the album won Best Salsa Album and was nominated for Album of the Year. The lead single off the album and title track, "La Negra Tiene Tumbao" (written by Fernando Osorio), was nominated for Song of the Year, Record of the Year and Best Music Video.

Track listing

This information adapted from Allmusic.

Certification

References