Luanda

Monday, 21 January 2013

Locals priced out of Chinese-built Luanda

Luanda, Angola Pastors' Conference pt 1-Dr.Owuor

Luanda, Angola Pastors' Conference pt 2-Dr.Owuor

Luanda, Angola Pastors' Conference pt 3-Dr.Owuor

Worshippers Crushed to Death in Angola Stadium

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Abuja
Abuja is the capital city of Nigeria. It is located in the center of Nigeria, within the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). Abuja is a planned city, and was built mainly in the 1980s. It officially became Nigeria's capital on 12 December 1991, replacing Lagos, which is still the country's most populous city. At the 2006 census, the city of Abuja had a population of 778,567, making it one of the top ten most populous cities in Nigeria.
Abuja's geography is defined by Aso Rock, a 400-metre monolith left by water erosion. The Presidential Complex, National Assembly, Supreme Court and much of the town extend to the south of the rock.
Other sights include the Nigerian National Mosque and the Nigerian National Christian Centre. The city is served by the Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport, while Zuma Rock lies nearby. Abuja is known for being the best purpose-built city in Africa as well as being one of the wealthiest and most expensive; however, the population on the semi-developed edges of the city are living in rural areas such as Karu, Nasarawa State.

wn.com/Abuja
Accra
Accra /əˈkrɑː/ is the capital and largest city of Ghana, with an estimated urban population of 2,291,352 as of 2012^[update]. Accra is also the capital of the Greater Accra Region and of the Accra Metropolitan District, with which it is coterminous. Accra is furthermore the anchor of a larger metropolitan area, the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA), which is home to about 4 million people, making it the largest metropolitan conglomeration in Ghana by population, and the eleventh-largest metropolitan area in Africa.
Accra stretches along the Ghanaian Atlantic coast and extends north into the country's interior. Originally built around a port, it served as the capital of the British-ruled Gold Coast between 1877 and 1957. Once merely a 19th-century suburb of Victoriaborg, Accra has since transitioned into a modern metropolis; the city's architecture reflects this history, ranging from 19th-century British colonial buildings to modern skyscrapers and apartment blocks.
Accra is Ghana's primate city, serving as the nation's economic and administrative hub. It is furthermore a centre of culture and tourism, sporting a wide range of nightclubs, restaurants and hotels. Since the early 1990s, a number of new buildings have been built, including the multi-storey French-owned Novotel hotel. The city's National Theatre was built with Chinese assistance. In 2010, the GaWC designated Accra a Gamma-minus-level world city, indicating a growing level of international influence and connectedness.

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Addis Ababa
Addis Ababa (sometimes spelled Addis Abeba, the spelling used by the official Ethiopian Mapping Authority) is the capital city of Ethiopia. (In Ethiopian languages: Amharic, Addis Abäba [ad�?i�?s aβəβa] "new flower"; Oromo, Finfinne;Ge'ez ኣዲ�?� ኣበባ) It is the largest city in Ethiopia, with a population of 3,384,569 according to the 2007 population census.
As a chartered city (ras gez astedader), Addis Ababa has the status of both a city and a state. It is where the African Union and its predecessor the OAU are based. It also hosts the headquarters of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) and numerous other continental and international organizations. Addis Ababa is therefore often referred to as "the political capital of Africa", due to its historical, diplomatic and political significance for the continent. The city is populated by people from different regions of Ethiopia – the country has as many as 80 nationalities speaking 80 languages and belonging to a wide variety of religious communities. It is home to Addis Ababa University. The Federation of African Societies of Chemistry (FASC) and Horn of Africa Press Institute (HAPI) are also headquartered in Addis Ababa.

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Algiers
Algiers (Arabic: الجزائر‎, al-Jazā’ir; Algerian Arabic: دزاير, Berber: Dzayer / ⴷⵣⴰⵢⴻⵔ) is the capital and largest city of Algeria. According to the 1998 census, the population of the city proper was 1,519,570 and that of the urban agglomeration was 2,135,630. In 2009, the population was about 3,500,000. An estimate puts the population at about 3,574,000 as of 2010.
Called El-Behdja (البهجة) or alternatively Alger la Blanche ("Algiers the White") for the glistening white of its buildings as seen rising up from the sea, Algiers is situated on the west side of a bay of the Mediterranean Sea. The modern part of the city is built on the level ground by the seashore; the old part, the ancient city of the deys, climbs the steep hill behind the modern town and is crowned by the casbah or citadel, 122 metres (400 ft) above the sea. The casbah and the two quays form a triangle.
The city name is derived (via French Alger and Catalan Alger) from the Arabic name الجزائر al-Jazā’ir, which translates as "The Islands", referring to the four islands which lay off the city's coast until becoming part of the mainland in 1525. Al-Jazā’ir is itself a truncated form of the city's older name جزائر بني مازغان Jazā’ir Banī Mazghannā, "The Islands of the Sons of Mazghanna", used by early medieval geographers such as al-Idrisi and Yaqut al-Hamawi.

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Alto Cauale
Alto Cauale is a town and municipality in Uíge Province in Angola.
The municipality covers an area of 3 064 km ² and as of 2006 had an estimated population of 104,000. It is border to the north by Sanz Pombo, the east by the municipality of Massango, the south by the municipality of Calandula, and west by the municipalities of Camabatela, Negage and Puri. It consists of the communes of Cangola, Bengo and Caiongo.

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Alto Zambeze
Alto Zambeze is a municipality in the Moxico province of Angola. It is situated near the border with Zambia and has about 40 thousand inhabitants. The municipality's seat is the town of Cazombo, on the Zambezi river.

Coordinates: 11°54′21″S 22°55′18″E / 11.90583°S 22.92167°E / -11.90583; 22.92167

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Ambaca
Ambaca is a town and municipality in Cuanza Norte Province in Angola.

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Ambriz
Ambriz is a city, commune and municipality in Bengo Province, Angola.
The population of Ambriz is majority Bakongo, with some Portuguese descedents. Also, the population also includes Ovimbundu and Kimbundu.
Fishing is the traditional activity and low-scale agricultural activity. In the past, Ambriz had an oil and gas platform assembly yard (PETROMAR), which was destroyed as result in 1992. The base is in reconstruction. In 2007, an Angolan-Portuguese company announced plans to build a biodiesel plant that will be fueled by palm oil.
There are both a small port and an airport with unpaved runway there.

Coordinates: 7°51′S 13°07′E / 7.85°S 13.117°E / -7.85; 13.117

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Ambuila
Ambuila is a town and municipality in Uíge Province in Angola.

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Andulo
Andulo is a town and municipality in Bié Province in Angola. The municipality covers an area of 10,316 square kilometres (3,983 sq mi), with about 319,000 inhabitants. It is bordered to the north by the municipality of Mussende, to the east by the municipalities of Luquembo and Nharea, to the south by the municipalities of Cunhinga, Mungo and Bailundo and west by the municipalities of Cela and Quibala.

wn.com/Andulo
Angola
Angola, officially the Republic of Angola (Portuguese: República de Angola, pronounced: [ʁɨˈpublikɐ dɨ ɐ̃ˈɡɔla];Kikongo, Kimbundu, Umbundu: Repubilika ya Ngola), is a country in southern Africa bordered by Namibia on the south, the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the north, and Zambia on the east; its west coast is on the Atlantic Ocean with Luanda as its capital city. The exclave province of Cabinda has borders with the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
The Portuguese were present in some—mostly coastal—points of the territory of what is now Angola, from the 16th to the 19th century, interacting in diverse ways with the peoples that lived there. In the 19th century they slowly and hesitantly began to establish themselves in the interior. Angola as a Portuguese colony encompassing the present territory was not established before the end of the 19th century, and "effective occupation", as required by the Berlin Conference (1884) was achieved only by the 1920s. Independence was achieved in 1975, after a protracted liberation war. After independence, Angola was the scene of an intense civil war from 1975 to 2002. The country has vast mineral and petroleum reserves, and its economy has on average grown at a two-digit pace since the 1990s, especially since the end of the civil war. In spite of this, standards of living remain low for the majority of the population, and life expectancy and infant mortality rates in Angola are among the worst-ranked in the world. At the same time, a minority has reached comfortable life standards, and the dominant stratum has succeeded in accumulating considerable wealth, so that social inequality in Angola is one of the highest in the world.

wn.com/Angola
Antananarivo
Antananarivo ( /ˌæntəˌnænəˈriːvoʊ/; Malagasy [antaˈnanaˈrivʷ], from Tanànan'ny Arivolahy), formerly Tananarive ( /təˌnænəˈriːv/ or /təˌnɑːnəˈriːv/), is the capital and largest city in Madagascar. It is also known by its French colonial shorthand form Tana. The larger urban area surrounding the city, known as Antananarivo-Renivohitra ("Antananarivo-Mother Hill" or "Antananarivo-Capital"), is the capital of Analamanga Region.
Antananarivo is situated in the center of the island length-wise, and 145 km (90 mi) away from the eastern coast. The city occupies a commanding position, being built on the summit and slopes of a long and narrow rocky ridge, which extends north and south for about 4 km (2 mi) and rises at its highest point to about 200 m (660 ft) above the extensive rice plain to the west, although the town is at about 1,275 m (4,183 ft) above sea level. It is Madagascar's largest city and is its administrative, communications, and economic center. The city is located 215 km (134 mi) west-southwest of Toamasina, the principal seaport of the island, with which it is connected by railway, and for about 100 km (62 mi) along the coastal lagoons.

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Asmara
Asmara (Arabic: أسمرة, Tigrinya: ኣስመራ Asmera, formerly known as Asmera, meaning "Made them United" in Tigrinya) is the capital city and largest settlement in Eritrea, home to a population of 563,930 inhabitants. Sitting at an elevation of 2,325 metres (7,628 ft), it is located at the tip of an escarpment that is both the northwestern edge of the Eritrean highlands and the Great Rift Valley.
Asmara is located in Eritrea's central Maekel Region. It is known for its well-preserved colonial Italian modern architecture, and is divided into thirteen districts or administrative areas: Acria, Abbashaul, Edaga Hamus, Arbaete Asmara, Mai Temenai, Paradiso, Sembel, Godaif, Maekel Ketema or Downtown, Tiravolo, Gejeret, Tsetserat and Gheza Banda.
Although it would be easy to think of Asmara, the Eritrean capital, solely as an Italian built colonial city, its origins actually reach back some 700 years. The Tigringa and Tigre people live around there. Originally, it is said, there were four clans living in the Asmara area on the Kebessa Plateau: the Gheza Gurtom, the Gheza Shelele, the Gheza Serenser and Gheza Asmae. These towns fought each other until the women of each clan decided that to preserve peace the four clans must unite. The men accepted, hence the name Arbate Asmera. Arbaete Asmara literally means, in the Tigrinya language, "the four made them united." Eventually Arbaete was dropped and it has been called Asmara which means "they [feminine, thus referring to the women] made them united", though there is still a zone called Arbaete Asmara. It is now called the Italianized version of the word Asmara. The westernized version of the name is used by a majority of non-Eritreans, while the multilingual inhabitants of Eritrea and neighboring peoples remain loyal to the original pronunciation, Asmera. Another legend tells that in this region the Queen of Sheba gave birth to the son of Solomon, Menelik I.

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Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's oceanic divisions. With a total area of about 106,400,000 square kilometres (41,100,000 sq mi), it covers approximately 20% of the Earth's surface and about 26% of its water surface area. The first part of its name refers to Atlas of Greek mythology, making the Atlantic the "Sea of Atlas".
The oldest known mention of "Atlantic" is in The Histories of Herodotus around 450 BC (Hdt. 1.202.4): Atlantis thalassa (Greek: Ἀτλαντὶς θάλασσα; English: Sea of Atlas); see also: Atlas Mountains. The term Ethiopic Ocean, derived from Ethiopia, was applied to the southern Atlantic ocean as late as the mid-19th century. Before Europeans discovered other oceans, the term "ocean" itself was synonymous with the waters beyond the Strait of Gibraltar that we now know as the Atlantic. The early Greeks believed this ocean to be a gigantic river encircling the world.
The Atlantic Ocean occupies an elongated, S-shaped basin extending longitudinally between Europe and Africa to the east, and the Americas to the west. As one component of the interconnected global ocean, it is connected in the north to the Arctic Ocean (which is sometimes considered a sea of the Atlantic), to the Pacific Ocean in the southwest, the Indian Ocean in the southeast, and the Southern Ocean in the south. (Other definitions describe the Atlantic as extending southward to Antarctica.) The equator subdivides it into the North Atlantic Ocean and South Atlantic Ocean.

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Bailundo
Coordinates: 12°11′45″S 15°51′20″E / 12.19583°S 15.85556°E / -12.19583; 15.85556
Bailundo (also Bailunda; pre-1975: Teixeira da Silva) is a municipality and town in Huambo Province in the central highlands of Angola.
In the 1990s, Bailundo was the location of the headquarters of UNITA leader Jonas Savimbi.
The King of Bailundo, Ekuikui IV, died on January 13, 2012.

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Balombo
Balombo is a town and municipality in Benguela Province in Angola.

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Bamako
Bamako is the capital and largest city of Mali, with a population of 1.8 million (2009 Census, provisional). In 2006, it was estimated to be the fastest growing city in Africa and sixth fastest in the world. It is located on the Niger River, near the rapids that divide the upper and middle Niger valleys in the southwestern part of the country.
Bamako is the nation's administrative center. The city proper is a cercle in its own right. Bamako's river port is located in nearby Koulikoro, along with a major regional trade and conference center. Bamako is the seventh largest West African urban center after Lagos, Abidjan, Kano, Ibadan, Dakar, and Accra. Locally manufactured goods include textiles, processed meat and metal goods. There is commercial fishing on the Niger River.
The name Bamako comes from the Bambara word meaning "crocodile river".
The area of the city has been continuously inhabited since the Palaeolithic era for more than 150,000 years. The fertile lands of the Niger River Valley provided the people with an abundant food supply and early kingdoms in the area grew wealthy as they established trade routes linking across west Africa the Sahara and leading to northern Africa and Europe. The early inhabitants traded gold, ivory, Kola nuts and salt. By the 11th century the Empire of Ghana became the first kingdom to dominate the area. Bamako had become a major market town, and a centre for Islamic scholars, with the establishment of two universities and numerous mosques in medieval times.

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Bangui
Bangui is the capital of and the largest city in the Central African Republic. The majority of the population of the Central African Republic lives in the western parts of the country, near Bangui. Though located within Ombella-M'Poko prefecture, it is an independent commune, and thus politically independent of the surrounding prefecture.
The city was founded in 1889 in what was then the French colony Haut-Oubangui ('Upper Ubangi'), later renamed Oubangui-Chari and made part of French Equatorial Africa. Named for local rapids, the city grew around the French military post on the Ubangi river. Bangui served as an administration center in the colonial era and continues to be the administrative center of the CAR.
Widespread violence in Bangui followed the March 1981 elections, which took place following a French operation to depose Jean-Bédel Bokassa in 1979 and replace him with David Dacko. Opponents of unpopular Dacko laid siege to Bangui and compelled his flight to exile. Andre Kolingba then formed the Comité Militaire pour le Redressement National (See History of the Central African Republic).

wn.com/Bangui
Banjul
Banjul (formerly Bathurst), officially the City of Banjul, is the capital of The Gambia, and is in the division of the same name. The population of the city proper is only 34,828, with the Greater Banjul Area, which includes the City of Banjul and the Kanifing Municipal Council, at a population of 357,238 (2003 census). Banjul is on St Mary's Island (Banjul Island), where the Gambia River enters the Atlantic Ocean. The island is connected to the mainland — by passenger and vehicle ferries to the north and by bridges to the south.
Banjul takes its name from the Mandé people who gathered specific fibres on the island, which were used in the manufacture of ropes. Bang julo is the Mandinka (Mande) word for rope fibre. The mispronunciation led to the word Banjul.^{[citation needed]}
In 1651 Banjul was leased by the Duke of Courland from the king of Kombo, as part of Courland colonization.
In 1816, the British founded Banjul as a trading post and base for suppressing the slave trade. The British renamed the Banjul Island to St. Mary and first named Bathurst after Henry Bathurst, the secretary of the British Colonial Office, but was changed to Banjul in 1973.

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Baía Farta
Baía Farta is a town and municipality in Benguela Province in Angola.

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Bengo Province
Coordinates: 8°47′S 13°59′E / 8.783°S 13.983°E / -8.783; 13.983
Bengo is a province of Angola. Its capital is Caxito. According to 1988 statistics, there were 18,700 people living in urban areas with 137,400 in rural areas, with a total of 156,100 residents. It has an area of 33,016 square kilometres, and its current population is approximately 450,000. The province had been created in 1980 by dividing the original province Luanda into Bengo and the then smaller province Luanda.
The province is bordered by the provinces of Zaire to the North, Uige to the Northeast, Cuanza Norte to the East, and Cuanza Sul to the South. It has two western coastal stretches along the Atlantic Ocean, and forms an enclave around the national capital's province of Luanda. The Kissama National Park and the Kibinda Forest Reserve are here. The province also has a number of lakes, most of them are in the municipalities of Dande and Icolo and Bengo. There are lagoons at Panguila and Ibendoa, Cabiri and Ulua do Sungui.

wn.com/Bengo_Province
Benguela
Benguela (São Felipe de Benguela, formerly spelled Benguella) is a city in western Angola, south of Luanda, and capital of Benguela Province. It lies on a bay of the same name, in 12° 33’ S., 13° 25’ E. Benguela is one of Angola's most populous cities.
Benguela, a Portuguese fort from 1587, was founded in 1617 by the Portuguese under Manuel Cerveira Pereira, 8th Governor of Angola (1604–1607). It was long the centre of an important trade, especially in slaves to Brazil and Cuba. Ships anchor about a mile off the shore, in 4 to 6 fathoms (7 to 11 m) and transfer loads to smaller boats which use five or six jetties in the town. However the nearby deep-water sheltered harbour of Lobito is a much larger port.
Besides the churches of S. Felipe and S. Antonio, the hospital, and the fortress, there were, as of 1911, only a few stone-built houses. A short way beyond Benguela is Baía Farta, where salt was manufactured and sulphur was extracted. Close to Baia Farta was the most beautiful beach of Baia Azul. The city prospered and grew in the following decades. The Benguela Railway was built in the early 20th century by Portugal to connect the city and Lobito to the interior, and it achieved great success when linked to the Copperbelt of Katanga, DR Congo and Zambia. Starting in the early 20th century, Benguela attracted, developed, and retained quality businesses and professionals into its thriving and growing economy. Sisal and fishing industries expanded and the financial, construction and services market boomed until 1974.

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Benguela Province
Benguela is a province of Angola. Its capital is Benguela and it has an area of 31,788 km² and a population of approximately 600,000. According to 1988 US government statistics, the population had 297,700 urban inhabitants and 308,800 rural inhabitants, with an estimated total provincial population of 606,500. Municipalities in the province include Lobito, Bocoio, Balombo, Ganda, Cubal, Caimbambo, Baia-Farta and Chongorói.
The current governor of Benguela is Armando da Cruz Neto.
Benguela Province is traversed by the northwesterly line of equal latitude and longitude.
Coordinates: 12°40′S 14°1′E / 12.667°S 14.017°E / -12.667; 14.017

wn.com/Benguela_Province
Bibala
Bibala is a town in southern Angola. It lies in Namibe Province.
It is served by a station on the southern network of Angolan Railways.
Coordinates: 14°46′00″S 13°21′00″E / 14.7666667°S 13.35°E / -14.7666667; 13.35

wn.com/Bibala
Bissau
Bissau is the capital city of Guinea-Bissau. The city's borders are conterminous with the Bissau Autonomous Sector. In 2007, the city had an estimated population of 407,424 according to the Instituto Nacional de Estatística e Censos. The city which is located on the Geba River estuary, off the Atlantic Ocean, is the country's largest city, major port, administrative and military centre.
The city was founded in 1687 by Portugal as a fortified port and trading center. In 1942 it became the capital of Portuguese Guinea. After the declaration of independence by the anti-colonial guerrillas of PAIGC, in 1973, the capital of the de facto independent territories was declared to be Madina do Boe, but Bissau remained as the capital of the Portuguese-occupied regions, and the de jure capital of the entire Portuguese Guinea. When Portugal recognized the independence of Guinea-Bissau and pulled out in 1974 due to the military coup of April 25 in Lisbon, the two territories merged and Bissau became the capital of the new independent state. The city is known for its annual carnival.

wn.com/Bissau
Bié Province

Bié is a province of Angola. Located on Bié Plateau in central part of country. Its capital is Kuito and it has an area of 70,314 km² and a population of approximately 800,000. Municipalities in the province include Andulo, Nharea, Cunhinga, Chinguar, Chitembo, Catabola, Camacupa and Cuemba. Current Governor is José Amaro Tati. It has boundaries with the province of Malanje, to the northeast with the province of Lunda Sul, to Moxico, to the south with Cuando Cubango and to the west with the provinces of Huila, Huambo and Cuanza Sul.
The climate of Bié is fresh and abundant rainfall makes possible the culture of corn, sugar cane, rice, coffee and peanuts. Its ground known to be one of the most fertiles of Angola.
Bié is furrowed to east and north from the Cuanza River, that sliding towards north, marks part of the border with Malanje. The south-west is furrowed from the river Cuchi, an affluent of river Cubango.
Bié province is perhaps best known as the place where the family of Angolan political leader Jonas Savimbi came from. Savimbi, although born in Moxico Province near Bié, was ethnically Bieno, i.e. of a subgroup of the Ovimbundu. He led the UNITA movement first in the anti-colonial war against the Portuguese, and then in the Civil War against the ruling MPLA before he was killed in combat in 2002. Savimbi gained global notoriety as a United States ally during the Cold War.

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Bloemfontein
Bloemfontein ( /ˈblʊmfɒnteɪn/, Dutch for "fountain of flowers" – lit., "blooms") is the capital city of the Free State Province of South Africa; and, as the judicial capital of the nation, one of South Africa's three national capitals – the other two being Cape Town, the legislative capital, and Pretoria, the administrative capital.
Bloemfontein is popularly and poetically known as "the city of roses", owing to the abundance of these flowers and the annual rose festival held there. The city's Sesotho name is Mangaung, meaning "place of cheetahs" and it has been included in the Mangaung Local Municipality since 2000^{[dated info]}.
Bloemfontein is situated on dry grassland at 29°06′S 26°13′E / 29.1°S 26.217°E / -29.1; 26.217, at an altitude of 1,395 m (4,577 ft) above sea level. The city is home to 369,568 residents, while the Mangaung Local Municipality has a population of 645,455.

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Bocoio
Coordinates: 12°27′S 14°09′E / 12.45°S 14.15°E / -12.45; 14.15
Bocoio is a town and municipality in Benguela Province in Angola.

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Bolongongo
Bolongongo is a town and municipality in Cuanza Norte Province in Angola.

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Brazil
Brazil ⁱ/brəˈzɪl/ (Portuguese: Brasil, IPA: [bɾaˈziw]), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: República Federativa do Brasil, listen (help·info)), is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people. It is the only Portuguese-speaking country in the Americas and the largest lusophone country in the world.
Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 km (4,655 mi). It is bordered on the north by Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and the French overseas region of French Guiana; on the northwest by Colombia; on the west by Bolivia and Peru; on the southwest by Argentina and Paraguay and on the south by Uruguay. Numerous archipelagos form part of Brazilian territory, such as Fernando de Noronha, Rocas Atoll, Saint Peter and Paul Rocks, and Trindade and Martim Vaz. It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chile.
Brazil was a colony of Portugal from the landing of Pedro Álvares Cabral in 1500 until 1815, when it was elevated to the rank of kingdom and the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves was formed. The colonial bond was in fact broken in 1808, when the capital of the Portuguese colonial empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro, after Napoleon invaded Portugal.Independence was achieved in 1822 with the formation of the Empire of Brazil, a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system. The country became a presidential republic in 1889, when a military coup d'état proclaimed the Republic, although the bicameral legislature, now called Congress, dates back to the ratification of the first constitution in 1824. Its current Constitution, formulated in 1988, defines Brazil as a Federal Republic. The Federation is formed by the union of the Federal District, the 26 States, and the 5,564 Municipalities.

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Brazzaville
Brazzaville is the capital and largest city of the Republic of the Congo and is located on the Congo River. As of the 2001 census, it has a population of 1,018,541 in the city proper, and about 1.5 million in total when including the suburbs located in the Pool Region. The populous city of Kinshasa (more than 10 million inhabitants in 2009), capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, lies just across the Congo River from Brazzaville. Together with Kinshasa, the combined conurbation of Kinshasa-Brazzaville has thus nearly 12 million inhabitants (although significant political and infrastructure challenges prevent the two cities from functioning with any meaningful connection). Over a third of the population of the Republic of Congo lives in the capital, and it is home to 40% of non-agricultural employment. It is also a financial and administrative capital.
In order to distinguish between the two African countries with "Congo" in their names, the Republic of the Congo is sometimes called Congo-Brazzaville, as opposed to Congo-Kinshasa (the Democratic Republic of the Congo, known from 1971 to 1997 as Zaire, the capital of which is Kinshasa). Kinshasa lies on the southern bank of the Congo, across from Brazzaville. This is the only place in the world where two national capital cities are situated on opposite banks of a river, within sight of each other.

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Buco Zau
Buco-Zau is a town and municipality in Cabinda Province in Angola.

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Buengas
Buengas is a town and municipality in Uíge Province in Angola.

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Bujumbura
Bujumbura ( /ˌbuːdʒəmˈbʊərə/; French pronunciation: [buʒumbuʁa]) is the capital and largest city and main port of Burundi and ships most of the country's chief export, coffee, as well as cotton, skins, and tin ore. It is located on the northeastern shore of Lake Tanganyika.
The city center is a colonial town with a large market, the national stadium, a large mosque, and the cathedral for the Archdiocese of Bujumbura. Museums in the city include the Burundi Museum of Life and the Burundi Geological Museum. Other nearby attractions include the Rusizi National Park, the Livingstone-Stanley Monument at Mugere (where David Livingstone and Henry Morton Stanley visited 14 days after their first historic meeting at Ujiji in Tanzania), the presidential palace and the source of the southernmost tributary of the Nile, described locally as the source of the Nile.
Ferries sail from Bujumbura to Kigoma in Tanzania, while the city is also home to the Bujumbura International Airport and the University of Burundi.

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Bula Atumba
Bula Atumba is a town and municipality in Cuanza Norte Province in Angola.

wn.com/Bula_Atumba
Bundas
The Municipality of Bundas lies at the south-eastern corner of Moxico Province of Angola near the border with Zambia. Its principal town is Lumbala N’guimbo. Due to the destruction of the Angolan Civil War, it is one of the most remote municipalities in Angola and access remains a large problem despite significant progress, as many roads are still not cleared of land mines and many bridges remain destroyed, thus making it nearly inaccessible except by air. The population is made up predominantly of Internally Displaced People (IDP) and returnees who have returned to the area since April 2002. Due to its inaccessibility and isolation from Luanda, southern Moxico has historically suffered from chronic under-investment from provincial and national authorities.
The term "bundas" or "bunda" is also a slang term for buttocks.^{[citation needed]}
Coordinates: 14°06′44″S 21°26′07″E / 14.11222°S 21.43528°E / -14.11222; 21.43528

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Cabinda Province
Cabinda (also spelled Kabinda, formerly Portuguese Congo) is an exclave and province of Angola, a status that has been disputed by many political organizations in the territory. The capital city is also called Cabinda. The province is divided into four municipalities - Belize, Buco Zau, Cabinda and Landana.
Modern Cabinda is the result of a fusion of three kingdoms: N'Goyo, Loango and Kakongo. It has an area of 7,823 km² (3,020 sq mi) and a population of 357,576 (estimated in 2006). According to 1988 United States government statistics, the total population of the province was 147,200, with a near even split between total rural and urban populations. At one point an estimated one third of Cabindans were refugees living in the Democratic Republic of the Congo;^{[citation needed]} however, after the 2007 peace agreement, refugees started returning home.
Cabinda is separated from the rest of Angola by a narrow strip of territory belonging to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, which bounds the province on the south and the east. Cabinda is bounded on the north by the Republic of the Congo, and on the west by the Atlantic Ocean. Adjacent to the coast are some of the largest offshore oil fields in the world. Petroleum exploration began in 1954 by the Cabinda Gulf Oil Company, when the territory was under Portuguese rule. Cabinda also produces hardwoods, coffee, cacao, rubber, and palm oil products, however, petroleum production accounts for most of Cabinda's domestic product. Cabinda produces 700,000 barrels (110,000 m³) of crude oil per day. Cabinda Oil is associated with Sonangol, Agip Angola Lda (41%), Chevron (39.2%), Total (10%) and Eni (9.8%).

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Cacolo
Cacolo is a town and municipality in Lunda Sul Province in Angola.

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Caconda
Caconda is a municipality and city situated in the North of the province of Huila, Angola, in the Plano Alto region, approximately 280 km North of Lubango, the provincial capital city, and approximately 700 km South from Luanda, the country's capital city. The Concelho (municipality) was officially founded on 1857. It has approximately 160,000 inhabitants (statistics of 1983). In the 19th century, Caconda was the most advanced point in the colonial territory of Portugal in Africa.
There is also another populated place in Angola called Caconda, in the province of Huambo, and a river, in the province of Uige.
Caconda has a place in the history of zoology, because it was in this region that the great Portuguese naturalist and explorer José Alberto de Oliveira Anchieta (1833–1897) carried out the greater part of his work. He died in 1897 in Caconda, while returning from an expedition.
The Caconda region was severely affected by the Angolan Civil War. It is an extremely poor area, with a more than 20% malnutrition rate and many families living on subsistence farming. A large number of people was displaced during the civil war. The United Nations relief program and the World Food Program have been essential in addressing the humanitarian catastrophe.

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Cacongo
Cacongo (Guilherme Capelo or Lândana) is a town in Landana municipality, Cabinda Province, in Angola. Landana municipality is sometimes known as Cacongo, and the town is sometimes known as Landana. It is located on Landana Bay about a kilometer south of the mouth of the Chiloango River.
At the time of the arrival of the Portuguese in the 15th Century the village was populated by the Kongo people, and was part of the Kakongo Kingdom. The Portuguese, Dutch, British and French traded along the coast in the 18th and 19th centuries, but the Portuguese formally occupied the town in 1883 following a treaty with the local king, prior to the Treaty of Simulambuco.

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Cacuaco
Cacuaco is a municipality in Luanda Province, Angola. It is a suburb of the capital, Luanda. It has a population of 600,000 and is the site of transmission for the Marburg virus.
It is served by a station on a branch line of the northern line of the national railway system.
Coordinates: 08°46′37″S 13°22′18″E / 8.77694°S 13.37167°E / -8.77694; 13.37167

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Cacuzo
Cacuzo is a town and municipality in Malanje Province in Angola.

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Cahama
Coordinates: 16°17′S 14°19′E / 16.283°S 14.317°E / -16.283; 14.317
Cahama is a city of Cunene Province, Angola. The population is about 52,000.
There is an airport (FN17) to the north of the city.

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Caimbambo
Caimbambo is a town and municipality in Benguela Province in Angola.

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Cairo
Cairo ( /ˈkaɪroʊ/ KYE-roh; Arabic: القاهرة‎ al-Qāhira, literally "The Vanquisher" or "The Conqueror"), is the capital of Egypt and the largest city in the Arab world and Africa, and the 16th largest metropolitan area in the world. Located near the Nile Delta, it was founded in the year 969 A.D. making it 1,043 years old. Nicknamed "The City of a Thousand Minarets" for its preponderance of Islamic architecture, Cairo has long been a centre of the region's political and cultural life. Cairo was founded by the Fatimid dynasty in the 10th century AD.; but the land composing the present-day city was the site of national capitals whose remnants remain visible in parts of Old Cairo. Cairo is also associated with Ancient Egypt due to its proximity to the ancient cities of Memphis, Giza and Fustat which are nearby to the Great Sphinx and the pyramids of Giza.
Egyptians today often refer to Cairo as Maṣr (Arabic: مصر‎), the Arabic pronunciation of the name for Egypt itself, emphasizing the city's continued role in Egyptian influence. Cairo has the oldest and largest film and music industries in the Arab World, as well as the world's second-oldest institution of higher learning, al-Azhar University. Many international media, businesses, and organizations have regional headquarters in the city, and the Arab League has had its headquarters in Cairo for most of its existence.

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Calai
Calai is a town and municipality in Cuando Cubango Province in Angola.

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Calandula
Calandula (pré-1975: Duque de Bragança) is a town and municipality in Malanje Province in Angola.

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Caluquembe
Caluquembe (Kalukembe) is a town and municipality in Huíla Province, Angola. It is also the site of two missionary efforts; one, Roman Catholic and the other, Evangelical Protestant. At the Protestant mission there were for the majority of the past century a Bible school and a hospital run by the Swiss Alliance Missionaire Evangelique.
Didier Péclard, "Ethos missionnaire et esprit du capitalisme. La Mission Philafricaine en Angola, 1897-1907", _ Le Fait Missionnaire _ (Lausanne), no.1, Mai 1995, 97p.

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Camacupa
Camacupa is a town and municipality in Bié Province in Angola.
It lies on the Central Railway of Angola which heads inland from the port of Benguela.
Coordinates: 12°01′32″S 17°28′7″E / 12.02556°S 17.46861°E / -12.02556; 17.46861

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Camanongue
Camanongue is a city in the Moxico province in eastern Angola. The city has about 43,780 inhabitants and is about 24 km² in total area.
Coordinates: 11°25′59″S 20°10′01″E / 11.433°S 20.167°E / -11.433; 20.167

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Cambambe
Cambambe is a town and municipality in Cuanza Norte Province in Angola. It is the site of a hydroelectric dam on the Cuanza River. Cambambe also contains ruins from the 17th century Portuguese settlement of the area, including the Igreja da Nossa Senhora do Rosário.

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Cameia
Cameia is a municipality in Moxico Province, Angola. It is notable for its national park of the same name. Cameia and Lucano form the boundaries of the park. Cameia National Park was established as a game reserve in 1938 and proclaimed a national park in 1957. The municipality is home to two lakes, Lago Cameia and Lago Dilolo, the latter of which is the largest lake in Angola.
Coordinates: 17°14′46″S 19°20′54″E / 17.2461°S 19.3482°E / -17.2461; 19.3482

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Caombo
Caombo (or Cahombo) is a town and municipality in Malanje Province in Angola.

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Cape Town
Cape Town (Afrikaans: Kaapstad; Xhosa: iKapa) is the second-most populous city in South Africa, and the provincial capital and primate city of the Western Cape. As the seat of the National Parliament, it is also the legislative capital of the country. It forms part of the City of Cape Town metropolitan municipality. The city is famous for its harbour as well as its natural setting in the Cape floral kingdom, including such well-known landmarks as Table Mountain and Cape Point. Cape Town is also Africa's most popular tourist destination.
Located on the shore of Table Bay, Cape Town was originally developed by the Dutch East India Company as a victualling (supply) station for Dutch ships sailing to Eastern Africa, India, and the Far East. Jan van Riebeeck's arrival on 6 April 1652 established the first permanent European settlement in South Africa. Cape Town quickly outgrew its original purpose as the first European outpost at the Castle of Good Hope, becoming the economic and cultural hub of the Cape Colony. Until the Witwatersrand Gold Rush and the development of Johannesburg, Cape Town was the largest city in South Africa.

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Cassongue
Cassongue is a town and municipality in Cuanza Sul Province in Angola.

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Catabola
Catabola is a town and municipality in Bié Province in Angola.

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Caumbo
Caumbo is a town and municipality in Lunda Norte Province in Angola.

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Caungula
Caungula is a town and municipality in Lunda Norte Province in Angola.

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Cazenga
Cazenga is a municipality in Luanda Province, Angola. It has a population of 425 000 inhabitants. It is also divided into three communes, namely Tala-Hady, Cazenga-Popular and Hoji-ya-Henda.
Cazenga is the site of the workshops for the Luanda Railway.
Coordinates: 08°49′17″S 13°17′28″E / 8.82139°S 13.29111°E / -8.82139; 13.29111

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Cazengo
Cazengo is a town and municipality in Cuanza Norte Province in Angola.

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Caála
Caála is a town located in Huambo Province in Angola. It was known as Robert Williams town while Angola was a Portuguese colony, after the famous railroad developer and mining magnate, Sir Robert Williams. The town's last known population count was 22,010.
Vila Robert Williams was the former name of Caála, in the then Portuguese Angola (before 1975). The town of Robert Williams was just west of Nova Lisboa (now Huambo) and was remarkable for huge outcroppings of boulders that jutted from the fields just outside of the town. In those outcroppings researchers could find pottery shards, primitive metal smelting pits, and other archeological detritus.
Caala is served by a station on the Benguela Railway and is also the junction for a branch railway to Cuima.
Coordinates: 12°51′09″S 15°33′38″E / 12.8525°S 15.56056°E / -12.8525; 15.56056

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Chiange
Chiange is a town and municipality in Huíla Province in Angola.
It is terminus of a branch of the southern railway network, junctioning at Dongo.
Coordinates: 15°44′00″S 13°54′00″E / 15.7333333°S 13.9°E / -15.7333333; 13.9

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Chibia
Chibia is a town and municipality in Huíla Province in Angola.
It is served by a station on the southern network of the national railway network.
Coordinates: 15°11′00″S 13°42′00″E / 15.1833333°S 13.7°E / -15.1833333; 13.7

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Chicomba
Chicomba is a town and municipality in Huíla Province in Angola.

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Chinguar
Chinguar is a town and municipality in Bié Province in Angola.
Chinguar lies on the central (Benguela) railway of Angola.

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Chipindo
Chipindo is a town and municipality in Huíla Province in Angola., situated 450 km North of Lubango, Huila province capital.
With an extension of 3.898 km2, and a density of population of 16 inhabitants per km2, it is limited with the towns of Caála and Tchicala Tcholoanga in Huambo Province in the North, with Jamba town in the South, with Kuvango in the East and with Caconda and Chicomba in the West.
Its population is estimated in 33.244 inhabitants (2.006)., distributed in two comunas, Chipindo Sede and Bambi, that are constituited by seven regedorías, Tchitata, Camoanha, Sangueve, Capembe e Bundjei (Chipindo Sede), Catapua, Bambi sede (Bambi), and a great number of aldeias in each comuna. During the raining season traffic is strongly reduced due to the bad shape of the roads.
It has a small landing runway.
It has a tropical arid weather, with two differentiated seasons, raining season from September to April and dry season from May to August with low temperatures.
Mother tongue of most of the population is Umbundu, spoken by the majority of Umbundu people, although it exist a part of the population belonging to Gangela people, especially in the West, close to Kuvango. The population is in its majority of strong traditional beliefs.

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Chitembo
Chitembo is a town and municipality in Bié Province in Angola.

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Chongorói
Chongorói is a town and municipality in Benguela Province in Angola.

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Conakry
Conakry (Sosso: Kɔnakiri) is the capital and largest city of Guinea. Conakry is a port city on the Atlantic Ocean and serves as the economic, financial and cultural centre of Guinea with a 2009 population of 1,548,500. Originally situated on Tombo Island, one of the Îles de Los, it has since spread up the neighboring Kaloum Peninsula.
The population of Conakry is difficult to ascertain, although the U.S. Bureau of African Affairs has estimated it at 2 million. Conakry is thought to contain almost a quarter of the population of Guinea.
According to a legend, the name of the city comes from the fusion of the name "Cona", a wine producer of the Baga people, and the word "nakiri", which means in Sosso the other bank or side.
Conakry was originally settled on tiny Tombo Island and later spread to the neighboring Kaloum Peninsula, a 36-kilometer (22 mi) long stretch of land 0.2 to 6 kilometers (660 to 20,000 ft) wide. The city was essentially founded after Britain ceded the island to France in 1887. In 1885, the two island villages of Conakry and Boubinet had fewer than 500 inhabitants. Conakry became the capital of French Guinea in 1904 and prospered as an export port, particularly after a (now closed) railway to Kankan opened the large scale export of groundnut from the interior.

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Conda
Conda is a town and municipality in Cuanza Sul Province in Angola.

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Cuaba Nzogo
Cuaba Nzogo is a town and municipality in Malanje Province in Angola.
Coordinates: 9°02′38″S 16°34′26″E / 9.04389°S 16.57389°E / -9.04389; 16.57389

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Cuanavale
Cuanavale is a town and municipality in Cuando Cubango Province in Angola.

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Cuangar
Cuangar is a town and municipality in Cuando Cubango Province in Angola. The town lies on the Okavango River, opposite the town of Nkurenkuru, Namibia.

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Cuango
Cuango, also Cuango-Luzamba or Luzamba, is a town and municipality in Lunda Norte Province in Angola. It is served by Luzamba Airport.

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Cuanza Sul Province
Cuanza Sul is a province of Angola. It has an area of 55,660 km² and a population of approximately 600,001. Sumbe is the capital of the province. Municipalities in this province include Porto Amboim, Seles, Conda, Amboim, Quilenda, Libolo, Mussende, Quibala, Waku-Kungo, Cassongue and Ebo.
Cuanza Sul lies on the south bank of the Cuanza River.
Coordinates: 10°38′S 14°30′E / 10.633°S 14.5°E / -10.633; 14.5

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Cuba
Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, (ⁱ/ˈkjuːbə/; Spanish: República de Cuba, pronounced: [reˈpuβlika ðe ˈkuβa] ( listen)) is an island country in the Caribbean. The nation of Cuba consists of the main island of Cuba, the Isla de la Juventud, and several archipelagos. Havana is the largest city in Cuba and the country's capital. Santiago de Cuba is the second largest city. To the north of Cuba lies the United States (140 km or 90 mi away) and the Bahamas, Mexico is to the west, the Cayman Islands and Jamaica are to the south, and Haiti and the Dominican Republic are to the southeast.
In 1492, Christopher Columbus landed on and claimed the island now occupied by Cuba, for the Kingdom of Spain. Cuba remained a territory of Spain until the Spanish–American War ended in 1898, and gained formal independence from the U.S. in 1902. A fragile democracy, increasingly dominated by radical politics eventually evolved, solidified by the Cuban Constitution of 1940, but was definitely quashed in 1952 by former president Fulgencio Batista, and an authoritarian regime was set up, intensifying and catalyzing already rampant corruption, political repression and crippling economic regulations.Batista was ousted in January 1959 by the July 26 movement, and a new administration under Fidel Castro established, which had by 1965 evolved into a single-party state under the revived Communist Party of Cuba, which holds power to date.

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Cubal
Cubal is a town and municipality in Benguela Province in Angola.
It has a station on the central line of Angolan Railways.
Coordinates: 13°2′0″S 14°15′0″E / 13.033333°S 14.25°E / -13.033333; 14.25

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Cuchi
Cuchi is a town and municipality in Cuando Cubango Province in Angola.
It is served by a station on the southern main line of South Angolan Railways.
Coordinates: 14°39′0″S 16°54′0″E / 14.65°S 16.9°E / -14.65; 16.9

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Cuemba
Cuemba is a town and municipality in Bié Province in Angola.
The town is served by a station on the national railway system.

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Cuilo
Cuilo is a town and municipality in Lunda Norte Province in Angola.

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Cuimba
Cuimba is a town and municipality in Zaire Province in Angola.

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Cunene Province
Cunene is a province of Angola. It has an area of 87,342 km² and a population of approximately 200,000 to 300,000.
Ondjiva is the capital of the province it was previously known as Vila Pereira d’Eça . Ondjiva is the only city in this province. Municipalities in this province include Cahama, Kuvelai, Namakunde, Kuroka, Xangongo. The distance from Ondjiva to Luanda is 1424 km and to Lubango is 415 km. The Cunene River gave its name to the province.
Cunene lies north of the Cunene River, which forms the border between Angola and Namibia. Cunene is traversed by the northwesterly line of equal latitude and longitude.
The inhabitants of the Province are overwhelmingly Ovambo pastoralists. Since the 1960, they have been under pressure first from white settlers, after independence from high ranking military officers and politicians, who acquired large extensions of land which the Ovambo need for the transhumance of their cattle. The ecological, economic and social advantage of pastoralism over ranching is known since the 1970s, but has not been sufficiently taken into account in policy making,

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Cunhinga
Cunhinga is a town and municipality in Bié Province in Angola.

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Dakar
Dakar is the capital city and largest city of Senegal. It is located on the Cap-Vert Peninsula on the Atlantic coast and is the westernmost city on the African mainland. Its position, on the western edge of Africa, is an advantageous departure point for trans-Atlantic and European trade; this fact aided its growth into a major regional port.
According to December 31, 2005 official estimates, the city of Dakar proper has a population of 1,030,594, whereas the population of the Dakar metropolitan area is estimated at 2.45 million people.
Dakar is a major administrative centre, home to the National Assembly of Senegal and Senegal's President's Palace.
The Cape Verde Peninsula was settled, no later than the 15th century, by the Lebou, an ethnic group related to the neighboring Wolof and Sereer. The original villages: Ouakam, Ngor, Yoff and Hann, still constitute distinctively Lebou neighborhoods of the city today. Meanwhile, in 1444, the Portuguese arrived on the island of Gorée and founded a settlement there. By 1536, they had begun using it as a base for the export of slaves. The mainland of Cap-Vert, however, was under control of the Jolof Empire, as part of the western province of Cayor which seceded from Jolof in its own right in 1549. A new Lebou village, called Ndakaaru, was established directly across from Gorée in the 17th century to service the European trading factory with food and drinking water. Gorée was captured by the United Netherlands in 1588, which gave it its present name (spelled Goeree, after Goeree-Overflakkee in Holland). The island was to switch hands between the Portuguese and Dutch several more times before falling to the English under Admiral Robert Holmes on January 23, 1664, and finally to the French in 1677. Though under continuous French administration since, Métis families, descendant from Dutch and French traders and African wives, dominated the slave trade. The infamous "House of Slaves" was built here in 1776.

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Dande
Dande, officially Barra do Dande is a town, commune and municipality in Bengo Province in Angola at the mouth of the Dande river.
The government plans to build a deep-water port at Barra do Dande.

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Dembos
Dembos is a town and municipality in Cuanza Norte Province in Angola.

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Dirico
Dirico is a town and municipality in Cuando Cubango Province in Angola.
The town is served by Dirico Airport.

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Dodoma
Dodoma (literally "It has sunk" in Gogo), officially Dodoma Urban District, population 324,347 (2002 census), is the national capital of Tanzania, and the capital of the Dodoma region. In 1973, plans were made to move the capital to Dodoma. Tanzania's National Assembly moved there in February 1996, but many government offices remain in the previous national capital, Dar es Salaam, which remains the commercial capital.
Located at 6°10′23″S 35°44′31″E / 6.17306°S 35.74194°E / -6.17306; 35.74194Coordinates: 6°10′23″S 35°44′31″E / 6.17306°S 35.74194°E / -6.17306; 35.74194, in the centre of the country, the town is 486 kilometres (302 mi) west of the former capital at Dar es Salaam and 441 kilometres (274 mi) south of Arusha, the headquarters of the East African Community. It covers an area of 2,669 square kilometres (1,031 sq mi) of which 625 square kilometres (241 sq mi) is urbanized. It is located near Ihumwa, another largely populated area.
Out of the total population, 157,469 people (48.5 percent) are male while 166,878 people (51.5 percent) are female. The estimated total number of households is 74,914 with an average household size of 4.3 people. The Roman Catholic Church reports that 19.2% of the population are Roman Catholics. Dodoma is populated by different ethnic groups because it is a government administrative centre, although the indigenous ethnic groups are the Gogo, Rangi, and Sandawe. There are also small Arab and Indian minorities.^{[citation needed]}

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Dundo
Dundo is an Angolan mining town located in Lunda Norte Province.
The city is the home of the football club called Grupo Desportivo Sagrada Esperança, which plays at Estádio Quintalão. The local museum houses objects collected by Hermann Baumann (social anthropologist). Since 2001, the bishop of the Catholic Diocese of Dundo is Joaquim Ferreira Lopes.

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Egypt
Egypt ⁱ/ˈiːdʒɪpt/ (Arabic: مصر, Miṣr, Egyptian Arabic: [mɑsˤɾ] ; Coptic: Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ, Kīmi ; Sahidic Coptic: ⲕⲏⲙⲉ, Kēme), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: جمهوريّة مصر العربيّة (help·info), is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world. Covering an area of about 1,010,000 square kilometers (390,000 sq mi), Egypt is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west.
Egypt is one of the most populous countries in Africa and the Middle East. The great majority of its over 81 million people live near the banks of the Nile River, in an area of about 40,000 square kilometers (15,000 sq mi), where the only arable land is found. The large areas of the Sahara Desert are sparsely inhabited. About half of Egypt's residents live in urban areas, with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta.

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Ekunha
Ekunha is a town and municipality in Huambo Province in Angola.

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Estádio da Cidadela
Estádio da Cidadela is a multi-purpose stadium in Luanda, Angola. It is currently used mostly for football matches, with it being home to several Angolan league clubs, including Petro Atletico, Sport Luanda e Benfica, and Clube Desportivo Primeiro de Agosto. The stadium holds 50,000 people.
Coordinates: 8°49′38.6″S 13°15′21.2″E / 8.827389°S 13.255889°E / -8.827389; 13.255889

wn.com/Estádio_da_Cidadela
Freetown
Freetown is the capital and largest city of Sierra Leone. It is a major port city in the Atlantic Ocean and is located in the Western Area of Sierra Leone. Freetown is Sierra Leone's economic, financial, cultural and educational center. The city's economy revolves largely around its harbor - occupying a part of the estuary of the Sierra Leone River in one of the world's largest natural deep water harbours. Queen Elizabeth II Quay is capable of receiving oceangoing vessels and handles Sierra Leone's main exports.
The city proper had a population of 772,873 at the 2004 census, with a current estimate of 1,070,200 (about 17% of Sierra Leone's total population). The population of Freetown is ethnically, culturally and religiously diverse. The city is home to significant numbers of all of the country's ethnic groups, although it is the primary home of the Sierra Leone Creole people (descendants of Liberated Africans, African-Americans and West Indians) who make up the minority of the population in the city. As in virtually all parts of Sierra Leone, the Krio language is the city's primary language of communication and is by far the most widely spoken language in the city.

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Gaborone
Gaborone (Tswana IPA: [χabʊˈrʊnɪ];^{[missing tone]} English /ˌɡæbəˈroʊniː/ or /ˌxɑːbəˈroʊneɪ/, named after Chief Kgosi Gabarone) is the capital and largest city of Botswana with a population of 191,776 based on a 2006 survey, about 10% of the total population of Botswana.
Gaborone is situated between Kgale and Oodi Hills, on the Notwane River in the southeastern corner of Botswana, and 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the South African border. The city is served by the Sir Seretse Khama International Airport. It is an administrative district in its own right, but is the capital of the surrounding South-East District. Locals often refer to the city as Gabs.
Because the city had no tribal affiliation and was close to fresh water, the city was planned to be the capital in the mid-1960s when the Bechuanaland Protectorate became an independent nation. The center of the city is a long strip of commercial businesses, called the Mall, with a semicircle-shaped area of government offices to the west of the Mall. The city is one of the fastest-growing cities in the world, and this has created problems with housing and illegal settlements. The city has also dealt with conflicts spilling into the country from Zimbabwe and South Africa during the 1980s.

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Gao
Gao (pronounced /goʊ/) is a city in Mali and the capital of the Gao Region. The city is located on the River Niger, lying 320 km (200 mi) east-southeast of Timbuktu. Situated on the left bank of the river at the junction with the Tilemsi valley, it had a population of 86,633 in 2009.
For much of its history Gao was an important commercial centre involved in the trans-Saharan trade. External Arabic sources state that by the 9th century Gao was already an important regional power, and by the end of the 10th century, the local ruler was a Muslim. Towards the end of the 13th century, Gao lost its independence and became part of the Mali Empire, but in first half of the 15th century, the town regained its independence and with the conquests of Sonni Ali (ruled 1464–1492) Gao became the capital of the Songhai Empire. The Empire collapsed after the Moroccan invasion in 1591 and the invaders chose to make Timbuktu their stronghold. By the time of Heinrich Barth's visit in 1854, Gao had declined to become a impoverished village with 300 huts constructed from matting. By 2009, it had a population of 86633.

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Golungo Alto
Golungo Alto is a town and municipality in Cuanza Norte Province in Angola.

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Gonguembo
Gonguembo is a town and municipality in Cuanza Norte Province in Angola.

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Harare
Harare ( /həˈrɑreɪ/; before 1982 known as Salisbury) is the largest city and capital of Zimbabwe. It has an estimated population of 1,606,000 (2009), with 2,800,000 in its metropolitan area (2006). Administratively, Harare is an independent city equivalent to a province. It is Zimbabwe's largest city and its administrative, commercial, and communications centre. The city is a trade centre for tobacco, maize, cotton, and citrus fruits. Manufactures include textiles, steel, and chemicals, and gold is mined in the area. Harare is situated at an elevation of 1483 metres (4865 feet) and its climate falls into the warm temperate category.
Harare is the site of the University of Zimbabwe, the largest institution of higher learning in Zimbabwe, which is situated in the suburb of Mount Pleasant, about 6 km north of the city centre. Numerous suburbs surround the city, retaining the names colonial administrators gave them during the 19th century, such as Warren Park, Borrowdale, Mount Pleasant, Marlborough, Tynwald and Avondale.

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Hargeisa
Hargeisa (Somali: Hargaysa, Arabic: هرجيسا‎) is a the second-largest city in Somalia, located in the Woqooyi Galbeed region. Hargeisa is the capital of Somaliland, a self-declared republic that is internationally recognized as an autonomous region of Somalia. It was the colonial capital of the British Somaliland protectorate from 1941 to 1960, when it gained independence as the State of Somaliland and united with Italian Somaliland to form the Somali Republic.
The city is situated in a valley in the Galgodon (Ogo) highlands, and sits at an elevation of 4,377 feet (1,334 m). Home to rock art from the Neolithic period, Hargeisa is also a commercial hub for precious stone-cutting, construction, retail services and importing/exporting, among other activities.
Numerous cave paintings from the Neolithic period are found in the Laas Gaal complex, on the outskirts of Hargeisa. During November and December 2002, an archaeological survey was carried out in the area by a French team of researchers. The expedition's objective was to search for rock shelters and caves containing stratified archaeological infills capable of documenting the period when production economy appeared in this part of Somalia (circa 5,000 and 2,000 BCE). During the course of the survey, the French archaeological team discovered the Laas Gaal rock art, encompassing an area of ten rock alcoves (caves). In an excellent state of preservation, the paintings show human figures with their hands raised and facing long-horned, humpless cattle.

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Houston
Houston ( /ˈhjuːstən/) (Alibamu: Yosti ) is the largest city in the state of Texas, and the fourth-largest city in the United States. According to the 2010 U.S. Census, the city had a population of 2.1 million people within an area of 656.3 square miles (1,700 km²). Houston is the seat of Harris County and the economic center of Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown, which is the fifth-largest metropolitan area in the United States, with 6.08 million people as of July 1st, 2011.
Houston was founded in 1836 on land near the banks of Buffalo Bayou. It was incorporated as a city on June 5, 1837, and named after then-President of the Republic of Texas—former General Sam Houston—who had commanded at the Battle of San Jacinto, which took place 25 miles (40 km) east of where the city was established. The burgeoning port and railroad industry, combined with oil discovery in 1901, has induced continual surges in the city's population. In the mid-twentieth century, Houston became the home of the Texas Medical Center—the world's largest concentration of healthcare and research institutions—and NASA's Johnson Space Center, where the Mission Control Center is located.

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Huambo
Huambo, formerly New Lisbon (Portuguese: Nova Lisboa), is the capital of Huambo Province in Angola. The city is located about 220 km E from Benguela and 600 km SE from Luanda. The city is the second largest in Angola, after the capital city, Luanda. Huambo is a main hub on the Caminho de Ferro de Benguela (CFB) (the Benguela Railway), which runs from the port of Benguela to the Congo border, and is served by the Albano Machado Airport (formerly Nova Lisboa Airport).
Situated in the Angola highlands, Huambo is located near the headwaters of the Kunene River.
Huambo receives its name from Wambu, one of the 14 old Ovimbundu kingdoms of the central Angolan plateau. The Ovimbundus, an old tribe originally arrived from Eastern Africa, had founded their central kingdom of Bailundu as early as the 15th century. Wambu was one of the smaller kingdoms and was hierarchically under the king of Bailundu, though it enjoyed, as the other kingdoms, a considerable degree of independence.
Whereas Bailundo is mentioned in some 18th and 19th - century chronicles in connection to a trading route linking it with Viye (Bie), small Wambu was only really known with the advent of the construction of the Benguela Railway by the Portuguese. Though the kings of Bailundu and Wambu (particularly Ekuikui II and Katiavala I) opposed the penetration of the railway by ambushing workers and settlers, they were eventually subdued by the Portuguese Army and Huambo was officially founded on 8 August 1912 by Portuguese General José Mendes Norton de Matos.

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Huambo Province
Huambo is a province of Angola. With an area of 34,270 km² it is one of the geographically smaller provinces, situated in the Central Region approximately 450 km south east of the capital, Luanda.
The Province has an estimated population of 1.9 million people, approximately 15% of the national total of 15.7 million. More than half, 55%, of the population is urbanized, concentrated in Huambo city (822,000 people) and Caála municipality (239,000 people).
The foundation of the Central Plateau is a vast slab of primeval crystalline rock that frequently outcrops in the form of isolated rocks or massive peaks. The most prominent peak in the province is Mt. Môco in Londuimbali, with 2,620 metres. The peak is the highest point in Angola. The headwaters of the Kunene River rise on the Central Plateau near Huambo town. Much of the soil in Huambo Province is of poor quality, and has been impoverished in many areas by overuse and erosion. However, it is generally of better quality than in the adjoining regions to the east, north and south.

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Humpata
Humpata is a town and municipality in Huíla Province in Angola.

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Huíla Province
Huíla is a province of Angola. It has an area of 75,002 km² and a population of approximately 700,000.
Lubango is the capital of the province. Municipalities in this province include Quilengues, Humpata, Chibia, Chiange, Quipungo, Caluquembe, Caconda, Chicomba, Matala, Chipindo and Kuvango. The winding road known as Leba Hill, as well as the Bicuari National Park are in Huíla Province.
Huíla Province is traversed by the northwesterly line of equal latitude and longitude.
Coordinates: 14°15′S 14°50′E / 14.25°S 14.833°E / -14.25; 14.833

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Ilha de Luanda
Ilha do Cabo (English: Cape Island) typically known as Ilha de Luanda (English: Island of Luanda) is a spit off the shore of Luanda, the capital of Angola. It is cultivated by a low sandy strip formed by sedimentation. In administative terms, the peninsula belongs to the municipality of Ingombota in the Luanda Province.
When Paulo Dias de Novais, a Portuguese navigator, arrived here in 1575 with several hundred soldiers and settlers, the island was inhabited by Axi-lwanda, a subgroup of the Ambundu people which was tributary to the Kongo Empire. The island was an important location to collect zimbo, the shells that constituted the currency of the Kongo king before the arrival of the Portuguese. The Portuguese settled here for a while, before they decided to establish themselves on the continente, in front of the island. They started to use the name of the African inhabitants as a name for the island and the town, spelling it first "Loanda" and then "Luanda".
The Ilha, as it is called colloquially by the population, is connected with the city through a narrow passage and is located at the foot of the Fortress of São Miguel. Here is the place where residents are recovering from the stress of the capital, especially on weekends. A wide variety of exclusive bars and restaurants along the long beach with hotels and clubs, as well as flea markets and marinas are attracting visitors.

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Ingombota
Ingombota is one of nine counties that constitute the urban city of Luanda the capital city of Angola.
Ingombota has 9.6 square kilometers and about 370 000 inhabitants. Limited to the west through the Atlantic Ocean, with the northern city of Sambizanga, east of the county Rangel and south by the municipality of Maianga .
The word Ingombota originates from Kimbundu, while existing two theories as to its origin. One saying Ingombota comes from the words joint and ingombo kuta, meaning place where there are abundant quiabos. Another possibility would be to join the words Ngombo kuta and meaning a refuge for outlaws (possibly slaves), giving rise to the word Ngombota, in Portuguese to Ingombota .
The Ingombota district comprises the municipalities of Ingombota, Maculusso, Kinanga, Ilha do Cabo and Patrice Lumumba and occupies the center of the city of Luanda.
The Luanda Island is a zone of lazer, with sandy beaches and stunning views of the Baía de Luanda. Here lies the Igreja da Nossa Senhora do Cabo, the oldest church of Angola.

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Johannesburg
Johannesburg (/dʒoʊˈhænɪsbɜrɡ/; Afrikaans: [joˈhɑnəsbʏrx]) also known as Jozi, Jo'burg or eGoli, is the largest city in South Africa, by population. Johannesburg is the provincial capital of Gauteng, the wealthiest province in South Africa, having the largest economy of any metropolitan region in Sub-Saharan Africa. The city is one of the 50 largest metropolitan areas in the world, and is also the world's largest city not situated on a river, lake, or coastline. It claims to be the lightning capital of the world, though this title is also claimed by others.
While Johannesburg is not one of South Africa's three capital cities, it is the seat of the Constitutional Court, which has the final word on interpretation of South Africa's new post-Apartheid constitution. The city is the source of a large-scale gold and diamond trade, due to its location on the mineral-rich Witwatersrand range of hills. Johannesburg is served by O.R. Tambo International Airport, the largest and busiest airport in Africa and a gateway for international air travel to and from the rest of Southern Africa. More recently Lanseria International Airport has started international flights, and is situated conveniently on the opposite side of the metropolis.

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Juba
Juba is the capital and largest city of the Republic of South Sudan. It also serves as the capital of Central Equatoria, the smallest of the ten states of South Sudan. The city is situated on the White Nile and functions as the seat and metropolis of Juba County.
In 2005, Juba's population was 163,442. Based on analysis of aerial photos, the best estimate of several donors working in Juba calculated the 2006 population at approximately 250,000. The 5th Sudan Population and Housing Census took place in April/May 2008, stating the population of Juba County to be 372,413 (the majority residing in Juba City, which dominates the county), but the results were rejected by the Autonomous Government of Southern Sudan. Juba is one of the fastest-growing cities in the world, and is developing very rapidly due to oil money and the Chinese coming for work and development. In 2011, the population of the city of Juba is estimated at approximately 372,410.
Population growth:
In the 19th century, a trading post and a mission was located in the vicinity of Juba called Gondokoro. It was the southernmost outpost of the Egyptian garrison, supported by a handful of soldiers, mostly ill due to the malaria and blackwater fever that was dominant in the region. Gondokoro was also the base of the explorer and campaigner Sir Samuel Baker during his expeditions to what is now Southern Sudan and northern Uganda from 1863 to 1865, and from 1871 to 1873.

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Kampala
Kampala is the largest city and capital of Uganda. The city is divided into five boroughs that oversee local planning: Kampala Central Division, Kawempe Division, Makindye Division, Nakawa Division and Lubaga Division. The city is coterminous with Kampala District.
Mutesa I, the Kabaka (king) of Buganda, had chosen the area that was to become Kampala as one of his favorite hunting grounds. The area was made up of hills and wetlands. It was an ideal breeding ground for various game, particularly a species of antelope, the impala (Aepyceros melampus).
The city grew as the capital of the Buganda kingdom, from which several buildings survive, including the Kasubi Tombs (built in 1881), the Lubiri Palace, the Buganda Parliament and the Buganda Court of Justice. Severely damaged in the Uganda-Tanzania War, the city has since then been rebuilt with constructions of new buildings including hotels, banks, shopping malls, educational institutions, hospitals and improvement of war torn buildings and infrastructure. Traditionally, Kampala was a city of seven hills, but over time it has come to have a lot more.

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Katchiungo
Katchiungo or Catchiungo is a town and municipality in Huambo Province in Angola.

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Khartoum
Khartoum (Arabic: الخرطوم‎ al Ḫarṭūm) is the capital and second largest city of Sudan and of Khartoum State. It is located at the confluence of the White Nile flowing north from Lake Victoria and the Blue Nile flowing west from Ethiopia. The location where the two Niles meet is known as "al-Mogran", meaning the Confluence. The main Nile continues to flow north towards Egypt and the Mediterranean Sea.
Divided by the Niles, Khartoum is a tripartite metropolis with an estimated overall population of over five million people consisting of Khartoum proper^{[clarification needed]}, and linked by bridges to Khartoum North called (al-Khartūm Bahrī) and Omdurman (Umm Durmān) to the west.
The origin of the word is uncertain. One tradition is that khartoum derives from Arabic kartūm الخرطوم meaning 'end of an elephant’s trunk', probably referring to the narrow strip of land extending between the Blue and White Niles. Captain J. A. Grant, who reached Khartoum in 1863 with Captain Speke’s expedition, thought that the derivation was most probably from the Arabic qurtum, safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), which was cultivated extensively in Egypt for its oil, used in burning.^{[citation needed]}

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Kigali
Kigali (rarely Kigale), with population of almost 1 million (2009), is the capital and largest city of Rwanda. It is situated near the geographic centre of the nation. The city has been the economic, cultural, and transport hub of Rwanda since it became capital at independence in 1962. The main residence and offices of the President of Rwanda are located in the city, as are the government ministries. The city is coterminous with the province of Kigali City, which was enlarged in January 2006, as part of local government reorganisation in the country. The city's urban area covers about 70% of the municipal boundaries. The city population has varied around the national percentages: Hutu 84%, Tutsi 15% and Twa (Pygmy) at 1%.
Kigali was founded in 1907 under German colonial rule, but did not become the capital until Rwandan independence in 1962. The traditional capital was the seat of the mwami (king) in Nyanza, while the colonial seat of power was in Butare, then known as Astrida. Butare was initially the leading contender to be the capital of the new independent nation, but Kigali was chosen because of its more central location. Since then the city has grown very quickly and is now the major political, economic and cultural centre of Rwanda.

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Kilamba Kiaxi
Kilamba Kiaxi was one of nine municipalities which make up the metropolitan region of Angola's capital Luanda until the new administrative division of Luanda (province), Angola. Today, Kilamba Kiaxi is part of the Belas, Luanda, Angola municipality. The city Kilamba is the seat of the Belas municipalitiy.
Kilamba Kiaxi has 64.1 square kilometers and about 234,000 inhabitants. In the west it borders Maianga, to the east it borders the municipalities of Cazenga, Rangel and the town of Viana. In the south to the town of Samba. It includes the municipalities Neves Bendinha, Golf, Palanca, Havemos de voltar, Vila Estoril and Camama.
In the Kimbundu language the name means Land (Kiaxi) of Kilamba.
Coordinates: 8°50′55″S 13°16′30″E / 8.84861°S 13.275°E / -8.84861; 13.275

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Kinshasa
Kinshasa (formerly French Léopoldville, and Dutch Leopoldstad (help·info)) is the capital and the largest city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The city is located on the Congo River.
Once a site of fishing villages, Kinshasa is now an urban area with a population of nearly 10 million inhabitants. It faces the capital of the neighbouring Republic of Congo, Brazzaville which can be seen in the distance across the wide Congo River. Because the administrative boundaries cover such a vast area, over 60% of the city's land is rural in nature, and the urban area only occupies a small section in the far western end of the province.
Kinshasa holds the status of the second largest city in Africa, after Cairo.
Residents of Kinshasa are known as Kinois (in French and sometimes in English) or Kinshasans (English).
The city was founded as a trading post by Henry Morton Stanley in 1881 and named Léopoldville in honor of King Leopold II of Belgium, who controlled the vast territory that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo, not as a colony but as a private property. The post flourished as the first navigable port on the Congo River above Livingstone Falls, a series of rapids over 300 kilometres (190 mi) below Leopoldville. At first, all goods arriving by sea or being sent by sea had to be carried by porters between Léopoldville and Matadi, the port below the rapids and 150 km (93 mi) from the coast. The completion of the Matadi-Kinshasa portage railway in 1898 provided a faster and more efficient alternative route around the rapids and sparked the rapid development of Léopoldville. By 1920, the city was elevated to capital of the Belgian Congo, replacing the town of Boma in the Congo estuary.

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Kuito
Coordinates: 12°23′S 16°56′E / 12.383°S 16.933°E / -12.383; 16.933
Kuito (also Cuito) is a city located in central Angola. It is the administrative capital of Bié Province. Under Portuguese rule until 1975, it was called Silva Porto. Kuito was under siege in 1993/94 and again in 1998/99 by the rebel forces from UNITA. Many buildings in Kuito are still heavily damaged as a result of these sieges.
The city of Kuito is built in the traditional headquarters of the Ovimbundu kingdom. The ruler of the Ovimbundu was named Viye and he married a Songo woman named Cahanda. Together they built the city and later the Portuguese would name the Bié Province after the ruler. The Ovimbundu were known for selling captives from neighbouring tribes to the European slave traders which made the area an ideal location for the slave business and brought colonists to the area. The Portuguese "founded" the city in 1750. They later called it Silva Porto after António da Silva Porto who built his home embala Belmonte in the area. The pleasant climate in the Bié Province was attractive to Portuguese settlers and many made their home in Silva Porto in the early 1900s when the Benguela Railway connected the city to the coast.

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Kuroka
Kuroka or Curoca is a town and municipality in Cunene Province in Angola. It was (formerly?) called Santa-Clara.
Coordinates: 17°15′S 14°01′E / 17.25°S 14.017°E / -17.25; 14.017

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Kuvango
Kuvango or Cuvango is a town and municipality in Huíla Province in Angola.
It is served by a station on the southern line of the national railway system.

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Kuvelai
Kuvelai or Cuvelai is a town and municipality in Cunene Province in Angola.
There are a number of towns in Angola with this name.

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Libolo
Libolo is a town and municipality in Cuanza Sul Province in Angola.

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Libreville
Libreville is the capital and largest city of Gabon, in west central Africa. The city is a port on the Komo River, near the Gulf of Guinea, and a trade center for a timber region. As of 2005, it has a population of 578,156.
The area was inhabited by the Mpongwé tribe long before the French acquired the land in 1839. In 1846, L'Elizia, a Brazilian ship carrying slaves for sale, was captured by the French navy near Loango. The slaves were freed and founded Libreville (French for "Freetown") in 1848. It was the chief port of French Equatorial Africa from 1934 to 1946 and was the central focus of the Battle of Gabon in 1940.
Libreville was named in imitation of Freetown and grew only slowly as a trading post and a minor administrative centre to a population of 32,000 on independence in 1960. It only received its first bank branch when Bank of West Africa (BAO) opened a branch in 1930. Since independence, the city has grown rapidly and now houses nearly half the national population.
From north to south, major districts of the city are the residential area Batterie IV, Quartier Louis (known for its nightlife), Mont-Bouët and Nombakélé (busy commercial areas), Glass (the first European settlement in Gabon), Oloumi (a major industrial area) and Lalala, a residential area. The city’s port and train station on the Trans-Gabon Railway line to Franceville lie in Owendo, south of the main built-up area. Inland from these districts lie poorer residential areas.

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Lilongwe
Lilongwe, estimated population 781,538 as of 2012, is the capital and largest city of Malawi. It lies in the country's central region, on the Lilongwe River, near the border of Malawi, Mozambique, and Zambia, and on the main north-south highway of Malawi, the M1.
The city started life as a small village on the banks of the Lilongwe river, and became a British colonial administrative centre at the beginning of the 20th century. Due to its location on the main north-south route through the country and the road to Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia), Lilongwe became the second largest city in Malawi after Blantyre. In 1975, the capital of the country was formally moved from Zomba to Lilongwe. Lilongwe has grown immensely since then and since 2008 has been the largest city in Malawi. All parliament members are required to spend time in the capital. Although Lilongwe is the political centre of Malawi, in some respects Blantyre remains the economic capital.
Many European and South African expatriates live in Lilongwe, and many NGOs (Care International, Plan International, Concern Worldwide, Population Services International, The UNC Project, World Camp, Baylor International AIDS Initiative, Baobab Health Trust, WaterAID), international aid organisations (Peace Corps, USAID, DFID,UNICEF, UNHCR, UNFAO, WFP), and international corporations, particularly tobacco-related firms, operate out of Lilongwe. As a result, most western visitors will find the city to be accommodating and friendly. Many coffee shops, cafes, bars, clubs, restaurants, and even a casino are located in Lilongwe. In Lilongwe, as opposed to rural Malawi, one can live, work, or vacation in a manner that most westerners would consider typical, if not luxurious.

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Lobamba
Lobamba is the traditional and legislative capital of Swaziland, seat of the Parliament and residence of the Queen Mother. It is located in the west of the country, in the Ezulwini Valley , 16 km from Mbabane, in the district of Hhohho. Its population is 5,800.
Lobamba is famous for two ceremonies: the Reed Dance, celebrated in August and September in honour of the Queen Mother, and the Incwala, in December and January in honour of the King. These ceremonies include dancing, singing, and celebrations with traditional attire.
The Embo State Palace, the Royal Kraal, Swazi National Museum, Parliament of Swaziland and a museum dedicated to Sobhuza II of Swaziland lie in the town, while the Mlilwane Wildlife Sanctuary and Matsapha Airport lie nearby.
Coordinates: 26°28′S 31°12′E / 26.467°S 31.2°E / -26.467; 31.2

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Lobito
Lobito is a town and municipality in Benguela Province in Angola.
It dates from 1905 and owes its existence to the bay of the same name having been chosen as the sea terminus of the Benguela railway to the far interior, passing through Luau to Katanga in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The city is located on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean. The population is about 207,957 (2005).
Lobito, was built on a sandspit and reclaimed land, with one of Africa’s finest natural harbours, protected by a 5 km long sandspit. The old council (concelho) was created in 1843 by the Portuguese administration. The town was also founded in 1843 by order of Maria II of Portugal, and its harbour works were begun in 1903. Large developments, however, were not stimulated until the completion in 1928 of the important Benguela Railway, which connected Portuguese Angola with the Belgian Congo. Under Portuguese rule, the port was one of Angola’s busiest, exporting agricultural produce from the interior and handling transit trade from the mines of southeastern Belgian Congo and of Zambia. Fishing, tourism and services were also important. The carnival in Lobito was also one of the most renowned and popular in Portuguese Angola.

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Lomé
Lomé, with a population of 837,437 (Metro population 1,570,283), is the capital and largest city of Togo. Located on the Gulf of Guinea, Lomé is the country's administrative and industrial center and its chief port. The city exports coffee, cocoa, copra, and palm kernels. It also has an oil refinery.
The city was founded in the 18th century by the Ewe people.
The city's population grew rapidly in the second half of the 20th century. The city had approximately 30,000 inhabitants in 1950: by 1960 (the year Togo gained its independence from France) the population had reached 80,000, increasing to 200,000 by 1970.
Since 1975, investments grew by 10% in the past year and had been targeted for development. At the same time, railways, which have an important role in serving the suburbs of the city, deteriorated however.
Market gardening around the city increased, spurred by growing unemployment, rural migration and the demand for vegetables. Market gardening, first extended to the north, is carried on mainly along the beach (whose sand is very salty), and planting hedges provides protection.

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Londuimbali
Londuimbali or Londuimbale is a town and municipality in Huambo Province in Angola.

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Longonjo
Longonjo is a town and municipality in Huambo Province in Angola.

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Luacano
Luacano is a municipality in Moxico Province, Angola.
In 2012, a long awaited short cut between the Angola's Benguela Railway and the Zambian copper mines is being built. The short cut leaves the mainline east of Luacano.

Coordinates: 11°13′S 21°39′E / 11.217°S 21.65°E / -11.217; 21.65

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Luanda
Coordinates: 8°50′18″S 13°14′04″E / 8.83833°S 13.23444°E / -8.83833; 13.23444
Luanda, formerly named São Paulo da Assunção de Loanda, is the capital and largest city of Angola. Located on Angola's coast with the Atlantic Ocean, Luanda is both Angola's chief seaport and its administrative center. It has a population of over 5 million. It is also the capital city of Luanda Province, and the world's third most populous Portuguese-speaking city, behind only São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, both in Brazil.
The city is currently undergoing a major reconstruction, with many large developments taking place that will alter the cityscape significantly. Luanda was ranked the most expensive city to live in for expatriates by Mercer, for 2011.
Portuguese explorer Paulo Dias de Novais founded Luanda on 25 January 1576 as "São Paulo da Assumpção de Loanda", with a hundred families of settlers and four hundred soldiers. In 1618 the Portuguese built the fortress called Fortaleza São Pedro da Barra, and they subsequently built two more: Fortaleza de São Miguel (1634) and Forte de São Francisco do Penedo (1765-6). Of these, the Fortaleza de São Miguel is the best preserved.

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Luanda Province
Luanda is a province of Angola. It has an area of 2,257 km² and a population of 1,823,282 in 2006. Luanda is the capital of the province and the country. The urban agglomeration of Luanda grew to englobe all adjoining municipalities, Belas, Cacuao, Cazenga and Viana.
Since 2011 , Luanda Province is subdivided into seven municipalities which are the original city of Luanda, then Belas, Cacuaco, Cazenga, Icolo e Bengo, Quiçama and Viana. These are again subdivided into 47 Communes (Comunas). The original Luanda province had been divided into the provinces of Luanda and Bengo in 1980. The new reform of 2011 moved the municipalities Icolo e Bengo and Quiçama from Bengo to Luanda.
The province has created the Instituto de Planeamento e Gestão Urbana de Luanda (IPGUL, Institute for urban planning and management of Luanda) as an independent organ for urban planning of the province.

Coordinates: 8°58′59″S 13°16′59″E / 8.983°S 13.283°E / -8.983; 13.283

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Lubalo
Lubalo is a town and municipality in Lunda Norte Province in Angola.

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Lubango
Lubango is the capital city of the Angolan province of Huíla. Its last known population was 100,757. Until 1975, the city's official name was Sá da Bandeira.
In 1882 approximately one thousand of Portuguese settlers came from the island of Madeira to the area of current-day Lubango, Angola. These Portuguese farmers successfully developed the whole region and founded the settlement. The city, originally established in 1885 to serve colonists from the Madeira Islands, lies at an elevation of 1,760 metres in a valley of the Huíla Plateau and was surrounded by a scenic park spreading up the mountain slopes.
In 1885, about 40 Boer families from the north-west of South Africa settled at Grootfontein. Part of the Dorslandtrekker, they were heading towards the area currently known as Lubango, in Angola, which was claimed by Portugal. When that territory officially fell under Portuguese control due to the Conference of Berlin, they turned back and tried to establish the "Republic Upingtonia" at Grootfontein.

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Lucala
Lucala is a town and municipality in Cuanza Norte Province in Angola.

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Lucapa
Coordinates: 8°25′S 20°45′E / 8.417°S 20.75°E / -8.417; 20.75
Lucapa is a town located in eastern Angola. It is the administrative capital of Lunda Norte Province.
Its population is difficult to estimate as it has changed greatly over the last 15 years due to internal displacement caused by civil war and the subsequent resettlement.
The primary industry in the town is mining and several thousand residents are employed by the co-operative mining group formed by SML and ITM Mining. There is also a third company that has a small share in the mining operation. The third company consists primarily of retired and current senior Military officers, indicating the influence that they still have within the Angolan government, and the extent to which the government has to go to ensure stability within the armed forces.

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Luchazes
Luchazes is a municipality in Moxico province, Angola. As of 2004, more than 1,000 families spontaneously returned from Zambia, causing serious humanitarian issues.
Coordinates: 13°42′04″S 19°51′36″E / 13.70111°S 19.86°E / -13.70111; 19.86

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Lunda Norte Province
Lunda Norte is a province of Angola. It has an area of 103,000 km² and a population of approximately 850,000. Angola's first President, Agostino Neto, made Lucapa the provincial capital after independence, but the capital was later moved to Dundo. Municipalities in this province include Shah-Muteba, Cuango, Capemba-Camulemba, Lubalo, Caungula, Cuilo, Chitato-Dundo, Lucapa and Caumbo. The province is rich in diamonds, but remains vastly underdeveloped and impoverished.
Lunda Norte is populated by Chokwe, Lunda, and other ethnical groups.
Coordinates: 8°17′S 19°36′E / 8.283°S 19.6°E / -8.283; 19.6

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Lunda Sul Province
Lunda Sul is a province of Angola. It has an area of 77,637 km² and a population of approximately 125,000. Saurimo is the capital of the province. Other municipalities include Cacolo, Dala and Muconda. This region is rich with diamonds.
Lunda Sul is not to be confused with Luanda Sul, a satellite city of Luanda, the capital of Angola.
Coordinates: 10°19′S 20°49′E / 10.317°S 20.817°E / -10.317; 20.817

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Luquembo
Luquembo is a town and municipality in Malanje Province in Angola.

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Lusaka
Lusaka is the capital and largest city of Zambia. It is located in the southern part of the central plateau, at an elevation of about 1,300 metres (4,265 feet). It has a population of about 1.7 million (2010 census). It is a commercial centre as well as the centre of government, and the four main highways of Zambia head north, south, east and west from it. The three main languages spoken in Lusaka are English, Nyanja, and Bemba (the latter two are Bantu languages). English is the official language. Lusaka is one of the fastest-developing cities in Southern Africa.
As national capital, Lusaka is the seat of the legislative, executive and judicial branches of government, epitomized by the presence of the National Assembly (parliament), the State House (office of the President), and the High Court. The Parliament is situated at the Parliament complex, which features a 15-story building. The city is also the capital of Lusaka Province, the smallest and most populous of the country's nine provinces, and forms an administrative district run by Lusaka City Council. In 2007, the mayor was Steven Chilatu (PF), and the deputy mayor was Mary Phiri.

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Léua
Léua is a city in Angola of the Moxico province. The municipal headquarters are situated 62 km the east of the provincial capital, Luena.
Coordinates: 11°39′19″S 20°26′47″E / 11.65528°S 20.44639°E / -11.65528; 20.44639

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Macau
Coordinates: 22°10′N 113°33′E / 22.167°N 113.55°E / 22.167; 113.55
Macau (Chinese: 澳門), also spelled Macao ( /məˈkaʊ/), is one of the two special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China, the other being Hong Kong. Macau lies on the western side of the Pearl River Delta across from Hong-Kong which is to the east, bordering Guangdong province to the north and facing the South China Sea to the east and south.
The territory's economy is heavily dependent on gambling and tourism, but also includes manufacturing.
Macau is a former Portuguese colony, and is both the first and last European colony in China. Portuguese traders first settled in Macau in the 16th century and subsequently administered the region until the handover on 20 December 1999. The Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration and the Basic Law of Macau stipulate that Macau operates with a high degree of autonomy until at least 2049, fifty years after the transfer. Macau was first lent by the Chinese empire as a trading port in the 16th century, and had to administer the city under Chinese authority and sovereignty. In 1887, Macau became a colony of the Portuguese empire and its sovereignty transferred to the Portuguese.

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Macocola
Macocola is a town and municipality in Uíge Province in Angola.

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Malabo
Malabo ( /məˈlɑːboʊ/) is the capital of Equatorial Guinea, located on the northern coast of Bioko Island (formerly Fernando Pó) on the rim of a sunken volcano.. With a fast growing population of 155,963 (2005) it is also the second largest city in the country, after Bata in Río Muni on the African mainland.
The city was first founded by the British in 1827, who leased the island from Spain during the colonial period. Named Port Clarence, it was used as a naval station in the effort to suppress the slave trade. Many newly freed slaves were also settled there, prior to the establishment of Liberia as a colony for freed slaves. While many of them later relocated to Sierra Leone, some of their descendants, called Fernandinos, can still be found in Malabo and the surrounding area, where they constitute a distinct ethnic group, speaking their own Afro-Portuguese pidgin dialect.
When the island reverted to complete Spanish control, Malabo was renamed Santa Isabel. It was chosen to replace the mainland city of Bata as the capital of the country in 1969, and was renamed Malabo in 1973 as part of President Francisco Macías Nguema's campaign to replace European place names with "authentic" African ones.

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Malanje
Malanje (also Malange) is the capital city of Malanje Province in Angola with a population of approximately 222,000. Nearby is the spectacular Calandula waterfalls, 85 km from the city. These falls are 105 metres high and their great width makes them the main tourist attraction in the region. It is a breathtaking sight. Pedras Negras de Pungo Andongo are massive black rocks. The greatest dam in the country is in Malanje, in the municipality of Capanda. The climate is mainly humid, with average temperatures between 20 and 24°C and rainfall 900 mm to 130 mm in the rainy season (October to April).
Portuguese settlers founded Malanje in the 19th century. The construction of the railway from Luanda to Malanje, in the fertile highlands, started in 1885. The environs of Malanje included the principal cotton-producing area of Portuguese West Africa and drove its development since the beginning. The town developed in the mid-19th century as an important feira (open-air market) on Portuguese Angola's principal plateau, between Luanda — the territory's capital and largest city, 250 miles (400 km) to the west — and the Cuango valley, inhabited by Northern Mbundu peoples, 125 miles (200 km) to the east. Situated at an elevation of 4,373 feet (1,333 metres), the town had a high-altitude tropical climate, ideal to several agricultural productions. The city developed as an important agricultural, manufacturing, trading and services centre. Its productions included cotton, textiles, coffee, fruit and corn, and among its facilities it had cinema, hospital, railway station and airport. The Cangandala National Park, was established by the Portuguese authorities on 25 June 1970, having previously been classified as an Integral Natural Reserve on 25 May 1963.

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Malanje Province
Malanje is a province of Angola. It has an area of 97,602 km² and a population of approximately 900,000. Malanje is the capital of the province. Municipalities in this province include Massango, Marimba, Cunda-dia-Baza, Caombo, Calandula, Cacuzo, Cuaba Nzogo, Mucari, Quela, Cambundi-Catembo, Quirima Cangandala and Luquembo. The Milando Reserve Park is also located here.
Coordinates: 9°32′00″S 16°21′00″E / 9.5333333°S 16.35°E / -9.5333333; 16.35

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Mamoudzou
Coordinates: 12°46′50″S 45°13′40″E / 12.7806°S 45.2278°E / -12.7806; 45.2278
Mamoudzou is the capital of the French overseas region and department of Mayotte, in the Indian Ocean. Mamoudzou, known as Momoju in the local Shimaore language, is the most populated commune (municipality) of Mayotte. It is located on Grande-Terre (or Mahoré), the main island of Mayotte. The former capital of Mayotte was Dzaoudzi, on the small island of Petite-Terre (or Pamanzi), but Mamoudzou was chosen as the capital in 1977. The island is located in the Mozambique Channel, between northern Mozambique and northern Madagascar.
The commune is composed of 6 villages in addition to its central habitation, also called Mamoudzou. These are: Kawéni, Mtsapéré, Passamainti, Vahibé, Tsoundzou I and Tsoundzou II.
The commune is also subdivided into 3 cantons; Mamoudzou I, Mamoudzou II and Mamoudzou III.

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Maputo
Maputo, known as Lourenço Marques before independence, is the capital and largest city of Mozambique. It is known as the City of Acacias in reference to acacia trees commonly found along its avenues and the Pearl of the Indian Ocean. It was famous for the inscription "This is Portugal" on the walkway of its municipal building. Today it is a port city on the Indian Ocean, with its economy centered around the harbour. According to the 2007 census, the population is 1,766,184.Cotton, sugar, chromite, sisal, copra, and hardwood are the chief exports. The city manufactures cement, pottery, furniture, shoes, and rubber. The city is surrounded by Maputo Province, but is administered as its own province.
It is estimated that 80% of the city's population live in slums without running water or electricity, but the city has little money to invest in infrastructure. Inequality in Maputo has grown considerably as it experienced economic growth rates as high as 9% annually.
On the northern bank of Espírito Santo Estuary of Delagoa Bay, an inlet of the Indian Ocean, Lourenço Marques was named after the Portuguese navigator, who with a companion (António Caldeira) was sent in 1544 by the governor of Mozambique on a voyage of exploration. They explored the lower courses of the rivers emptying their waters into Delagoa Bay, notably the Espírito Santo. The various forts and trading stations which the Portuguese established, abandoned and reoccupied on the north bank of the river were all called Lourenço Marques. The existing town dates from about 1850, the previous settlement having been entirely destroyed by the natives. The town developed around a Portuguese fortress completed in 1787.

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Maseru
Maseru is the capital of Lesotho. It is also the capital of the Maseru District. Located on the Caledon River, bordering South Africa, Maseru is Lesotho's only sizable city, with a population of approximately 227,880 (2006). The city was established as a police camp and assigned as the capital after the country became a British protectorate in 1869. When the country achieved independence in 1966, Maseru retained its status as capital. The name of the city is a Sesotho word meaning "place of the red sandstone".
Maseru was founded by the British as a small police camp in 1869, following the conclusion of the Free State-Basotho Wars when Basutoland became a British protectorate. Maseru is located at the edge of the "conquered territories" relinquished to the Orange Free State (now the Free State province of South Africa) as part of the peace terms. It was located 24 kilometres (15 mi) west of Basotho King Moshoeshoe I's stronghold of Thaba Bosiu, the previous de facto capital. A bustling market town soon grew around the area.

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Massango
Massango is a town and municipality in Malanje Province in Angola.

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Mavinga
Mavinga is a town and municipality in Cuando Cubango Province in Angola.

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Mbabane
Mbabane (Swati: ÉMbábáne), with an estimated population of 95,000 (2007), is the capital and second largest city in Swaziland after Manzini. It is located on the Mbabane River and its tributary the Polinjane River in the Mdimba Mountains. It is located in the district of Hhohho, of which it is also the capital. The average elevation of the city is 1243 meters. The population (estimated) in 1987 was 30,000. It lies on the MR3 road.
The town grew after the nation's administrative centre moved from Bremersdorp (now called Manzini) in 1902. It derives its name from a Chief, Mbabane Kunene, who lived in the area when British settlers arrived.

Mbabane is located in the district of Hhohho, of which it is also the capital, and lies on the Mbabane River and its tributary the Polinjane River in the Mdimba Mountains. The average elevation of the city is 1243 meters. Neighborhoods and suburbs include Mbangweni, Sidwashini, Kent Rock, Sandla, Westridge Park, Malunge, New Checkers, Msunduza and Vukutentele.

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Menongue
Menongue is a town and municipality in Cuando Cubango Province in Angola.
It is the current terminus of the southern railway from Namibe.
After independence in 1975, MiG 23 aircraft from the nearby airbase launched air strikes against the SADF during the Battle of Cuito Cuanavale (1987–1988), a battle of the Angolan Civil War (1975–2002).^{[citation needed]}
Coordinates: 14°40′00″S 17°42′00″E / 14.6666667°S 17.7°E / -14.6666667; 17.7

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Mogadishu
Mogadishu ( /ˌmɒɡəˈdɪʃuː/; Somali: Muqdisho; Arabic: مقديشو‎ Maqadīshū; Italian: Mogadiscio, literally "The Seat of the Shah"), popularly known as Xamar, is the largest city in Somalia and the nation's capital. Located in the coastal Benadir region on the Indian Ocean, the city has served as an important port for centuries.
Tradition and old records assert that southern Somalia, including the Mogadishu area, was historically inhabited by hunter-gatherers of Bushman physical stock. These were later joined by Cushitic agro-pastoralists, who would go on to establish local aristocracies. Starting in the late 9th or 10th centuries, Arab and Persian traders also began to settle in the region.
During its medieval Golden Age, Mogadishu was ruled by the Somali-Arab Muzaffar dynasty, a vassal of the Ajuuraan State. It subsequently fell under the control of an assortment of local Sultanates and polities, most notably the Gobroon Dynasty. The city later became the capital of Italian Somaliland in the colonial period.

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Monrovia
Monrovia is the capital city of the West African nation of Liberia. Located on the Atlantic Coast at Cape Mesurado, it lies geographically within Montserrado County, but is administered separately. The city is governed as a metropolitan city called Greater Monrovia District, which had a population of 970,824 as of the 2008 census, containing 29% of the total population of Liberia and is the country's most populous city. Monrovia is the cultural, political and financial hub for the entire country. The body that administers the government of Greater Monrovia District is the Monrovia City Corporation.
Founded in 1822, Monrovia is named in honor of U.S. President James Monroe, a prominent supporter of the colonization of Liberia. Along with Washington, D.C., it is one of two national capitals to be named after a U.S. President. Monrovia was founded thirty years after Freetown, Sierra Leone, the first permanent Black American settlement in Africa. The city's economy is dominated by its harbor, and government offices. Monrovia's harbor was significantly expanded by U.S. forces during the Second World War and the main exports include latex and iron ore. Materials are also manufactured on-site, such as cement, refined petroleum, food products, bricks and tiles, furniture and chemicals. Located near the confluence of the Mesurado and Saint Paul rivers, the harbor also has facilities for storing and repairing vessels.

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Moxico Province
Moxico is the largest province of the African nation of Angola. It has an area of 223,023 km² and a population of approximately 230,000. Luena is the capital of the province.
The Moxico province is known as the place where UNITA rebel leader Jonas Savimbi was killed in 2002, signalling an end to over a quarter-century civil war in Angola. Savimbi's body was buried in the village of Lucusse, about 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) south-east of the capital, Luanda, under a tree near where he was killed.
Moxico is also home to Cameia National Park in the Cameia municipality.
Municipalities of Moxico include:
Coordinates: 11°47′30″S 19°54′22″E / 11.7918°S 19.9062°E / -11.7918; 19.9062

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Mozambique
Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique (Portuguese: Moçambique or República de Moçambique, pronounced: [ʁɛˈpublikɐ di musɐ̃ˈbiki]), is a country in southeastern Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west and Swaziland and South Africa to the southwest. The capital city is Maputo, formerly known as Lourenço Marques.
Between the 1st and 5th centuries AD, Bantu-speaking peoples migrated from farther north and west. Swahili, and later also Arab, commercial ports existed along the coasts until the arrival of Europeans. The area was explored by Vasco da Gama in 1498 and colonized by Portugal in 1505. Mozambique became independent in 1975, and became the People's Republic of Mozambique shortly thereafter. It was the scene of an intense civil war lasting from 1977 to 1992.
Mozambique is endowed with rich and extensive natural resources. The country's economy is based largely on agriculture, but with industry, mainly food and beverages, chemical manufacturing, aluminium and petroleum production, is growing fast. The country's tourism sector is also growing. South Africa is Mozambique's main trading partner and source of foreign direct investment. Portugal, Spain, and Belgium are also among the country's most important partners. Since 2001 Mozambique is one of the world's top ten for annual average GDP growth. However, Mozambique still has one of the lowest GDP per capita, one of the worst human development index and one of the highest inequality in the world, as well as having the world's lowest life expectancy.

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Mucaba
Mucaba is a town and municipality in Uíge Province in Angola.

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Mucari
Mucari is a town and municipality in Malanje Province in Angola.

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Muconda
Muconda is a town and municipality in Lunda Sul Province in Angola.

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Mussende
Mussende is a town and municipality in Cuanza Sul Province in Angola.

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Muxima
Muxima is a town, commune and municipality in Bengo Province in Angola.It was founded in 1599 by the Portuguese. Muxima means "heart" in Kimbundu. It is the site of a Marian shrine.

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Nairobi
Nairobi ( /naɪˈroʊbi/) is the capital and largest city of Kenya. The city and its surrounding area also forms the Nairobi County. The name "Nairobi" comes from the Maasai phrase Enkare Nairobi, which translates to "cold water," the Maasai name of the Nairobi river, which in turn lent its name to the city. However, it is popularly known as the "Green City in the Sun" and is surrounded by several expanding villa suburbs. Residents of Nairobi are known as Nairobians.
Founded by the British in 1899 as a simple rail depot on the railway linking Mombasa to Uganda, the town quickly grew to become the capital of British East Africa in 1907 and eventually the capital of a free Kenyan republic in 1963. During Kenya's colonial period, the city became a centre for the colony's coffee, tea and sisal industry. Nairobi is also the capital of the Nairobi Province and of the Nairobi District. The city lies on the Nairobi River, in the south of the nation, and has an elevation of 1795 m above sea-level.
Nairobi is the most populous city in East Africa, with a current estimated population of about 3 million. According to the 2009 Census, in the administrative area of Nairobi, 3,138,295 inhabitants lived within 696 km² (269 sq mi). Nairobi is currently the 12th largest city in Africa, including the population of its suburbs.

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Namakunde
Namakunde or Namacunde is a town and municipality in Cunene Province in Angola.

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Nambuangongo
Nambuangongo is a town and municipality in Bengo Province in Angola.

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Namibe
Namibe (pre-1985: Moçâmedes) is the capital city of Namibe Province in Angola. It is a coastal desert city located in southwestern Angola and was founded in 1840 by the Portuguese rulers of the territory. The city's current population is 132,900 (2004 estimate). Namibe has a cool dry climate and desert vegetation due to its proximity to the Namib Desert.

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Namibe Province
Namibe is a province of Angola, previously known as Moçâmedes when under Portuguese rule. It has an area of 57,091 km² and a population estimated (2006, official) of 313,667. The port and city of Namibe is the capital of the province with a population of 132,900 in 2004. Iona National Park is also located there.
Near the coast of the Bentiaba desert have been found Late Cretaceous fossils of sharks, turtles, mosasaurs, plesiosaurs and sauropods.
Coordinates: 15°11′43″S 12°09′03″E / 15.19528°S 12.15083°E / -15.19528; 12.15083

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Negage
Negage is a town and municipality (município) of the Uíge province in Angola.

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Nharea
Nharea is a town and municipality in Bié Province in Angola.

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Niamey
Niamey (French pronunciation: [njaˈmɛ]) is the capital and largest city of the West African country of Niger. Niamey lies on the Niger River, primarily situated on the east bank. It is an administrative, cultural and economic centre. Niamey's population, which was estimated at 774,235 in 2006, is now projected to be much higher.
The city is located in a pearl millet growing region, while manufacturing industries include bricks, ceramic goods, cement and weaving.
Niamey was probably founded in the eighteenth century, but was of little importance to most of the country until the French developed a colonial post in the 1890s. This rapidly grew into an important center. In 1926 it became the capital of Niger, and the population gradually increased, from about 3,000 in 1930 to around 30,000 in 1960. The period from 1970 to 1988 was one in which the economy of Niger boomed, driven by revenue from the uranium mines at Arlit. In this period, the population of Niamey grew from 108,000 to 398,365 inhabitants. The city expanded from 1,367 hectares (3,380 acres) in 1970 to 4,400 hectares (11,000 acres) by 1977, in the process annexing peripheral villages such as Lazaret.

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Niger
Niger (French pronunciation: [niʒɛʁ], but occasionally pronounced as /niːˈʒɛər/ or ⁱ/ˈnaɪdʒər/), officially the Republic of Niger, is a landlocked country in Western Africa, named after the Niger River. It borders Nigeria and Benin to the south, Burkina Faso and Mali to the west, Algeria and Libya to the north and Chad to the east. Niger covers a land area of almost 1,270,000 km², making it the largest nation in West Africa, with over 80 percent of its land area covered by the Sahara desert. The country's predominantly Islamic population of just above 15,000,000 is mostly clustered in the far south and west of the nation. The capital city is Niamey, located in the far southwest corner of Niger.
Niger is a developing country, and consistently ranks as one of the lowest ranks of the United Nations' Human Development Index (HDI), 186th of 187 countries in 2011. Much of the non-desert portions of the country are threatened by periodic drought and desertification. The economy is concentrated around subsistence and some export agriculture clustered in the more fertile south, and the export of raw materials, especially uranium ore. Niger remains handicapped by its landlocked position, desert terrain, poor education and poverty of its people, lack of infrastructure, poor health care, and environmental degradation.

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Noqui
Noqui (or Noki) is a town and municipality in Zaire Province in Angola. It is on the Congo River, just across the border from the city of Matadi in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Noki was the site of an early European trading post. In 1884 Alexandre Delcommune was appointed director of the Belgian factories in Boma and Noki.

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Nouakchott
Nouakchott (Arabic: نواكشوط‎ or انواكشوط‎ (believed translation from Berber "The place of the winds", Nawākšūṭ) is the capital and by far the largest city of Mauritania. It is one of the largest cities in the Sahara. The city is the administrative and economic centre of Mauritania.
A tiny fishing town until 1958, Nouakchott was little mentioned during pre-colonial and colonial history. It is possible that the Berber Muslim Almoravids were originally from the area. Despite its name, based on a Berber expression meaning "place of the winds", the city was selected as the capital city for its moderate climate and central location within the country. It did, however, sit on one of the most valuable trade routes to West Africa.
Mauritania was part of the larger French colony of French West Africa, and as such had no capital during the colonial period: Saint-Louis, in Senegal, held that position. In 1957, this small port town was chosen to be the capital of the new country, and an ambitious building program was begun to increase its population to 15,000, starting a year later. In 1958, Mauritania was formed as an autonomous republic in the French Community, and in 1960 it became an independent country, with Nouakchott as its capital.

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Ondjiva
Ondjiva (pre-1975: Pereira d'Eça) is a town located in southern Angola. It is the administrative capital of Cunene Province.
Ondjiva is not currently served by rail, but in 2008 a railway connection between Angola and Namibia would pass through this town. The Town is located 42 km from the Namibia border. Beginning May 15, 2012, Air Namibia plans to begin service three times a week between Windhoek and Ondjiva airport.
Coordinates: 17°04′S 15°44′E / 17.067°S 15.733°E / -17.067; 15.733

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Ouagadougou
Ouagadougou ( /ˌwɑːɡəˈduːɡuː/; Mossi: [ˈwaɡᵊdᵊɡᵊ]) is the capital of Burkina Faso and the administrative, communications, cultural and economic center of the nation. It is also the country's largest city, with a population of 1,475,223 (as of 2006). The city's name is often shortened to Ouaga. The inhabitants are called ouagalais. The spelling of the name Ouagadougou is derived from the French orthography common in former French African colonies. If English orthography were used (as in Ghana or Nigeria), the spelling would be Wagadugu.
Ouagadougou's primary industries are food processing and textiles. It is served by an international airport, rail links to Abidjan in Côte d'Ivoire and to Kaya in the north of Burkina, and a highway to Niamey, Niger. Ouagadougou was the site of Ouagadougou grand market, one of the largest markets in West Africa, which burned in 2003 and remains closed. Other attractions include the National Museum of Burkina Faso, the Moro-Naba Palace (site of the Moro-Naba Ceremony), the National Museum of Music, and several craft markets.

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Paris
Coordinates: 48°51′24″N 2°21′03″E / 48.8567°N 2.3508°E / 48.8567; 2.3508
Paris (ⁱ/ˈpærɨs/; French: [paʁi] ( listen)) is the capital and largest city of France. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region (or Paris Region, French: Région parisienne). As of January 2008 the city of Paris, within its administrative limits (the 20 arrondissements) largely unchanged since 1860, has an estimated population of 2,211,297 and a metropolitan population of 12,089,098, and is one of the most populated metropolitan areas in Europe. Paris was the largest city in the Western world for about 1,000 years, prior to the 19th century, and the largest in the entire world between the 16th and 19th centuries.
Paris is today one of the world's leading business and cultural centres, and its influences in politics, education, entertainment, media, fashion, science, and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the world's major global cities. It hosts the headquarters of many international organizations such as UNESCO, the OECD, the International Chamber of Commerce or the European Space Agency. Paris is considered one of the greenest and most liveable cities in Europe. It is also one of the most expensive.

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Port Louis
Port Louis (French pronunciation: [pɔʁlwi]) is the capital of Mauritius. It is the largest city of the country and main port, which borders the Indian Ocean. It is located in the Port Louis District. The population of the administrative district was estimated at 128,483, and the urban area at 148,416 in December 2010^[update].
Port Louis was already in use as a harbor in 1638. In 1735, under French government, it became the administrative center of Mauritius and a major reprovisioning halt for French ships travelling around the Cape of Good Hope. The Port is named in honour of King Louis XV. The first Governor was Count Bertrand-François Mahé de La Bourdonnais.
The population of the city is now largely made up of the descendants of laborers who were hired for labour from India in the 19th century. Slaves were previously introduced by the British and French who colonized the island in the 18th century. After the abolition of slavery in 1835, many Indian and Chinese workers were brought to work the land, and cultivate sugar cane, at that time used to produce rum. The Immigration Depot in Port Louis is a World Heritage Site commemorating this great migration.

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Porto Amboim
Porto Amboim is a port town in Angola with a population of 65,000; it comprises an area of 4,638 km². It is connected by an isolated 123 km 610mm narrow gauge railway to Gabela, albeit closed in 1987 due to the civil war and to the abandonment of most coffee plantations, the biggest source of revenue from Gabela. Originally Porto Amboim was known as Kissonde, a small village later colonized in 1587 by the Portuguese naming it Benguela and later Benguela Velha (Old Benguela) due to the creation of another village today known as Benguela. In 1923, the name was changed to Porto Amboim.

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Portugal
Portugal ⁱ/ˈpɔrtʃʉɡəl/ (Portuguese: Portugal, IPA: [puɾtuˈɣaɫ]), officially the Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: República Portuguesa) is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula . Portugal is the westernmost country of mainland Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira are part of Portugal. The country is named after its second largest city, Porto, whose Latin name was Portus Cale.
The land within the borders of the current Portuguese Republic has been continuously settled since prehistoric times: occupied by Celts like the Gallaeci and the Lusitanians, integrated into the Roman Republic and later settled by Germanic peoples such as the Suebi, Swabians, Vandals and the Visigoths. In the 8th century most of the Iberian Peninsula was conquered by Moorish invaders professing Islam, which were later expelled by the Knights Templar under the Order of Christ. During the Christian Reconquista, Portugal established itself as an independent kingdom from León in 1139, claiming to be the oldest European nation state.

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Portuguese Angola
Angola (also Portuguese West Africa, Portuguese Angola; since 1951 Overseas Province of Angola and finally State of Angola, since 1972) is the common name by which the Portuguese colony in southwestern Africa was known across different periods of time. The former colony became an independent country in 1975 and now forms the Republic of Angola.
The history of Portuguese presence on the territory of contemporary Angola lasted from the foundation of a Portuguese settlement in what today is Soyo, in the 16th century, until the decolonization of the territory in 1975. During these four centuries, several entirely different situations have to be distinguished.
When Portuguese explorers reached the Kongo Kingdom at the end of the 15th century, Angola as such did not exist; on its present territory, a number of independent peoples were living, some of them organized in political units ("kingdoms") of variable size. The Portuguese were interested in trade, mainly slave trade; thus they maintained a peaceful and mutually profitable relationship with the rulers and dominant social segment of the Kongo Kingdom, whom they Christianized and taught reading and writing in Portuguese, allowing them a share of the benefits from the slave trade. They established small trading posts on the lower Kongo River, which now belongs to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and a more importante trading settlement on the Atlantic coast, at Soyo which then belonged to the Kongo Kingdom and is today Angola's northernmost town (except for the Cabinda exclave).

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Portuguese Empire
The Portuguese Empire (Portuguese: Império Português), also known as the Portuguese Overseas Empire (Ultramar Português) or the Portuguese Colonial Empire (Império Colonial Português), was the first global empire in history. In addition, it was the longest-lived of the modern European colonial empires, spanning almost six centuries, from the capture of Ceuta in 1415 to the handover of Macau in 1999 or the grant of sovereignty to East Timor in 2002. The empire spread throughout a vast number of territories that are now part of 53 different sovereign states.
Portuguese sailors began exploring the coast of Africa in 1419, using recent developments in navigation, cartography and maritime technology such as the caravel, in order that they might find a sea route to the source of the lucrative spice trade. In 1488, Bartolomeu Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope, and in 1498, Vasco da Gama reached India. In 1500, either by an accidental landfall or by the crown's secret design, Pedro Álvares Cabral discovered Brazil on the South American coast. Over the following decades, Portuguese sailors continued to explore the coasts and islands of East Asia, establishing forts and factories as they went. By 1571, a string of outposts connected Lisbon to Nagasaki along the coasts of Africa, the Middle East, India, and Asia. This commercial network brought great wealth to Portugal.

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Praia
Praia (pronounced Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈpɾajɐ], meaning "beach", in both Portuguese and Cape Verdean Creole), is the capital and largest city of Cape Verde, an island nation in the Atlantic Ocean west of Senegal. It lies on the southern coast of Santiago island in the Sotavento Islands group. It is the island's ferry port and is home to one of the nation’s four international airports. The city centre is known as Plateau due to its location on a small plateau.
Praia is Cape Verde's largest city, a commercial centre, and a port that ships coffee, sugar cane, and tropical fruits. Praia also has a fishing industry and there are resort beaches nearby. It is the seat of the municipality of the same name.
The town of Praia de Santa Maria appeared in 1615 when it took the place of the previous settlement on the plateau, which was originally favored because the nearby port (Santa Maria beach) offered good conditions for ships. Initially used as a clandestine harbor (in order to avoid customs fees at the then capital Ribeira Grande), the settlement gradually acquired the characteristics of a town after much of the population from Ribeira Grande fled there during its decline in the midst of frequent pirate attacks. The official transfer of capital status from Ribeira Grande to Praia took place in 1770.

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Pretoria
Pretoria is a city located in the northern part of Gauteng Province, South Africa. It is one of the country's three capital cities, serving as the executive (administrative) and de facto national capital; the others are Cape Town, the legislative capital, and Bloemfontein, the judicial capital. Pretoria is contained within the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality as one of several constituent former administrations (among which also Centurion and Soshanguve). Pretoria itself is sometimes referred to as "Tshwane" due to a long-running and controversial proposed change of name, which has yet to decided as of 2012.
The city's original name was Pretoria Philadelphia ("Pretoria of brotherly love"). It gave its name to the Pax Praetoriana, referring to the country's relative stability.
Pretoria in South Africa is popularly known as The Jacaranda City due to the thousands of Jacaranda trees planted in its streets, parks and gardens.
The Southern Transvaal Ndebele occupied the river valley, which was to become the location of the city of Pretoria, by around 1600.

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Quibala
Quibala (also written Kibala) is a municipality in Cuanza Sul, Angola. It comprises an area of 5,875 km. It is bordered by the city of Calulo in the north, by the town of Waku-Kungo in the east, by the municipality of Ebo in the south, and in the west by the municipality of Gabela and by Porto Amboim.

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Quiculungo
Quiculungo is a town and municipality in Cuanza Norte Province in Angola.

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Quilenda
Quilenda is a town and municipality in Cuanza Sul Province in Angola.

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Quimbele
Quimbele is a town and municipality in Uíge Province in Angola.

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Quipungo
Quipungo is a town and municipality in Huíla Province in Angola.

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Quiçama
Quiçama is a município (city council or municipality) in the province of Luanda Province in Angola. It covers an area of 12,046 square kilometres (4,651 sq mi) and its estimated population as of 2006 is 29,905 inhabitants. The municipal seat is the village of Muxima.
Quiçama is bordered to the north by the municipalities of Viana and Ícolo e Bengo, to the east by the municipalities of Cambambe, Libolo and Quibala, to the south by the municipalities of Quilenda and Porto Amboim, and to the west by the Atlantic Ocean.
Part of the municipality is occupied by the Quiçama National Park (Portuguese: Parque Nacional da Quiçama).

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Rabat
Rabat (Arabic الرباط; Amazigh ⵕⴱⴰⵟ, transliterated ar-Rabāṭ or ar-Ribāṭ or Rbat, literally "Fortified Place"; French Ville de Rabat; Spanish Ciudad de Rabat), is the capital and third largest city of the Kingdom of Morocco with a population of approximately 650,000 (2010). It is also the capital of the Rabat-Salé-Zemmour-Zaer region.
The city is located on the Atlantic Ocean at the mouth of the river Bou Regreg. On the facing shore of the river lies Salé, the city's main commuter town. Together with Temara the cities account for a combined metropolitan population of 1.8 million. Silting problems have diminished the Rabat's role as a port; however, Rabat and Salé still maintain important textile, food processing and construction industries. In addition, tourism and the presence of all foreign embassies in Morocco serve to make Rabat one of the most important cities in the country. Controversy surrounds sweatshop labour by major multinational corporations in the area (see Salé).
Rabat is accessible by train through the ONCF system and by plane through the nearby Rabat-Salé Airport.

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Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro ( /ˈriːoʊ deɪ ʒəˈnɛəroʊ/ or /ˈriːoʊ deɪ dʒəˈnɛəroʊ/; Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈʁi.u dʒi ʒaˈnejɾu],River of January), commonly referred to simply as Rio, is the capital city of the State of Rio de Janeiro, the second largest city of Brazil, and the third largest metropolitan area and agglomeration in South America, boasting approximately 6.3 million people within the city proper, making it the 6th largest in the Americas, and 26th in the world.
The city was the capital of Brazil for nearly two centuries, from 1763 to 1815 during the Portuguese colonial era, 1815 to 1821 as the capital of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and Algarves, and 1822 to 1960 as an independent nation. Rio is nicknamed the Cidade Maravilhosa or "Marvelous City."
Rio de Janeiro represents the second largest GDP in the country (and 30th largest in the world in 2008), estimated at about R$ 343 billion (IBGE/2008) (nearly US$ 201 billion), and is the headquarters of two major Brazilian companies – Petrobras and Vale, and major oil companies and telephony in Brazil, besides the largest conglomerate of media and communications companies in Latin America, the Globo Organizations. The home of many universities and institutes, it is the second largest center of research and development in Brazil, accounting for 17% of national scientific production – according to 2005 data.

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Rivungo
Rivungo is a town and municipality in Cuando Cubango Province in Angola. It is situated on the Cuando River. It had a population of 53,000 people in 2006.

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Sambizanga
Sambizanga is one of six counties that constitute the urban city of Luanda and is considered as one of the dutiest places in Angola.
Sambizanga has 14.5 km ² and about 244,000 inhabitants. Limited to the west by the Atlantic Ocean, on the north by the municipality of Cacuaco, in the East by the municipality of Cazenga and south by the municipalities of Ingombota and Rangel. It comprises the municipalities of Sambizanga, Bairro Operário and Ngola Kiluanje. Sambizanga is home to the Progresso Associação do Sambizanga football club of the Girabola.
In December 2007, film director Radical Ribeiro began shooting a film in Sambizanga. On 18 December, police mistook actors in Ribeiro's film, who were carrying unloaded firearms, as actual criminals and opened fire on them, killing two. Interior Minister Roberto Leal Monteiro said "We won't rest until police at all levels realise they are public servants,"
Coordinates: 6°05′S 15°06′E / 6.083°S 15.1°E / -6.083; 15.1

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Saurimo
Coordinates: 9°39′S 20°24′E / 9.65°S 20.4°E / -9.65; 20.4
Saurimo (pre-1975: Henrique de Carvalho) is the capital of the Lunda Sul province of Angola, Saurimo has a population of approximately 200,000. The population has increased due to migrants fleeing areas affected by the civil war.
Formerly the town was known as Henrique De Carvalho, after the Portuguese explorer, Henrique de Carvalho, who visited the region in 1884 and contacted the local (historically powerful) Lunda people. It is located in northeastern Angola at an elevation of 3,557 feet (1,081 m) above sea level. It is a garrison town and local market centre.
The main economic activities nowadays are agriculture and diamonds. The main foodstuffs are mandioc, corn, sweet potato and yam. Other activities are handicraft, fishing, and diamond panning.

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South Africa
Coordinates: 30°S 25°E / 30°S 25°E / -30; 25
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa, is a country located at the southern tip of Africa. It is divided into nine provinces and has 2,798 kilometres (1,739 mi) of coastline. To the north of the country lie the neighbouring territories of Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe; to the east are Mozambique and Swaziland; while Lesotho is an enclave surrounded by South African territory.
South Africa is multi-ethnic and has diverse cultures and languages. Eleven official languages are recognised in the constitution. Two of these languages are of European origin: South African English and Afrikaans, a language which originated mainly from Dutch that is spoken by the majority of white and Coloured South Africans. Though English is commonly used in public and commercial life, it is only the fifth most-spoken home language. All ethnic and language groups have political representation in the country's constitutional democracy comprising a parliamentary republic; unlike most parliamentary republics, the positions of head of state and head of government are merged in a parliament-dependent President.

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Soyo
Soyo (formerly known as Santo António do Zaire) is a city located in the province of Zaire in Angola, at the mouth of the Congo river. Soyo recently became the largest oil-producing region in the country, with an estimate of 1,200,000 barrels per day (190,000 m³/d).
Soyo (originally spelled "Sonho" and pronounced Sonyo) was a province of the Kingdom of Kongo, which stretched south from the mouth of the Congo River to the River Loze, and inland from about 100 kilometers. It was already an administrative entity whose ruler or governor bore the title mwene Soyo or "lord of Soyo when the Portuguese arrived in 1482. The ruler was the first Kongo lord to be baptized when Christian missionaries came to the kingdom of Kongo in 1491.
Soyo was typically ruled in the sixteenth century by a member of Kongo's royal family, presumably appointed by the king and serving for a limited term. The ruler at the time of the Portuguese, baptized as Manuel, was said to be the uncle of the ruling king. Within Kongo's oversight, Soyo was permitted to expand and conquer other regions under royal rule. Thus, Nzinga a Nkuwu, ruling king of Kongo in 1491 permitted an expansion of Soyo's territory following the baptism of the ruler. This expansion allowed Soyo to control several sub-provinces including Pambala, Kimi, Tubii, along the Congo River, and Lovata (among others) along the Atlantic coast.

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Sumbe
Sumbe (pre-1975: Novo Redondo) is a city located in west central Angola. It is the administrative capital of Cuanza Sul Province. Its population counts about 26,000.

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São Paulo
São Paulo (/ˌsaʊ ˈpaʊloʊ/; Portuguese pronunciation: [sɐ̃w ˈpawlu] ( listen); Saint Paul;), popularly known as Sampa, is the largest city in Brazil, the largest city in the southern hemisphere and Americas, and the world's seventh largest city by population. The metropolis is anchor to the São Paulo metropolitan area, ranked as the second most populous metropolitan area in the Americas and among the five largest metropolitan areas on the planet. São Paulo is the capital of the state of São Paulo, which is the most populous Brazilian state, and exerts strong regional influence in commerce and finance as well as arts and entertainment. São Paulo maintains strong international influence and is considered an Alpha- World City. The name of the city honors Saint Paul.
The metropolis has significant cultural, economic and political influence both nationally and internationally. It houses several important monuments, parks and museums such as the Latin American Memorial, the Museum of the Portuguese Language, São Paulo Museum of Art and the Ibirapuera Park. The Paulista Avenue is the most important financial center of São Paulo. The city holds many high profile events, like the São Paulo Art Biennial, the Brazil Grand Prix Formula 1 Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo Fashion Week, ATP Brasil Open, and the São Paulo Indy 300.

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São Tomé
São Tomé (population 56,166 in 2005) is the capital city of São Tomé and Príncipe and is by far that nation's largest town. Its name is Portuguese for "Saint Thomas".
São Tomé was founded by Portugal in 1485. The Portuguese came to São Tomé in search of land to grow sugar. The island was uninhabited before the arrival of the Portuguese sometime around 1470. São Tomé was right on the equator and wet enough to grow sugar in wild abundance. Its proximity to the African Kingdom of Kongo provided an eventual source of slave laborers to work the sugar plantations. São Tomé is centred on a sixteenth century cathedral. Another early building is Fort São Sebastião, built in 1575 and now the São Tomé National Museum. In 1599, the city as well as the islands were taken by the Dutch for two days and again in 1641 for a year. It was the capital of the Portugues colony of São Tomé and Príncipe and, since São Tomé and Príncipe's independence in 1975, capital of the sovereign nation.
São Tomé is located at 0°20′10″N 6°40′53″E / 0.33611°N 6.68139°E / 0.33611; 6.68139Coordinates: 0°20′10″N 6°40′53″E / 0.33611°N 6.68139°E / 0.33611; 6.68139. [1]

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Tahoua

Tahoua is a city in Niger and the administrative center of the Department of Tahoua and the larger Tahoua Region. It has a population of 99,900 (2004). The city is primarily a market town for the surrounding agricultural area, and a meeting place for the Tuareg people from the north and the Fulani people from the south. Phosphates and gypsum are mined there as well. Tahoua is twinned with Luanda, Angola.
Coordinates: 14°53′N 5°16′E / 14.883°N 5.267°E / 14.883; 5.267

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Tchicala Tcholoanga
Tchicala Tcholoanga is a town and municipality in Huambo Province in Angola.

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Tchindjenje
Tchindjenje is a town and municipality in Huambo Province in Angola.
Coordinates: 12°49′S 14°56′E / 12.817°S 14.933°E / -12.817; 14.933

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Tomboco
Tomboco is a town and municipality in Zaire Province in Angola.

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Tripoli
Tripoli is the capital and largest city in Libya. It is also known as Tripoli-of-the-West (Arabic: طرابلس الغرب‎ Ṭarābulus al-Gharb), to distinguish it from Tripoli, Lebanon. It is affectionately called The Mermaid of the Mediterranean (Arabic: عروسة البحر‎ ʼarūsat el-baḥr; lit: "bride of the sea"), describing its turquoise waters and its whitewashed buildings. Tripoli (English pronunciation: /ˈtrɪpɵli/) is a Greek name that means "Three Cities", introduced in Western European languages through the Italian Tripoli. In Arabic: طرابلس‎ it is called Ṭarābulus ( pronunciation (help·info), Libyan Arabic: Ṭrābləs pronunciation (help·info), Berber: Ṭrables, from Ancient Greek: Τρίπολις Trípolis). As of 2011, the Tripoli metropolitan area (district area) had a population of 2.2 million. The city is located in the northwest part of the country on the edge of the desert, on a point of rocky land projecting into the Mediterranean and forming a bay.
The city includes the Port of Tripoli and the country's largest commercial and manufacturing centre. It is also the site of the University of Tripoli. The vast Bab al-Azizia barracks, which includes the former family compound of Muammar Gaddafi, is also located in the city; Gaddafi largely ruled the country from his residence in this barracks.

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Tunis
Tunis (Arabic: تونس‎ Tūnis) is the capital of both the Tunisian Republic and the Tunis Governorate. It is Tunisia's largest city, with a population of 728,453 as of 2004; the greater metropolitan area holds some 2,412,500 inhabitants.
Situated on a large Mediterranean Sea gulf (the Gulf of Tunis), behind the Lake of Tunis and the port of La Goulette (Halq al Wadi), the city extends along the coastal plain and the hills that surround it. At the centre of more modern development (from the colonial era and later) lies the old medina. Beyond this district lie the suburbs of Carthage, La Marsa, and Sidi Bou Said.
The medina is found at the centre of the city: a dense agglomeration of alleys and covered passages, full of intense scents and colours, boisterous and active trade, and a surfeit of goods on offer ranging from leather to plastic, tin to the finest filigree, tourist souvenirs to the works of tiny crafts shops.
Just through the Sea Gate (also known as the Bab el Bahr and the Porte de France) begins the modern city, or Ville Nouvelle, transversed by the grand Avenue Habib Bourguiba (often referred to by popular press and travel guides as "the Tunisian Champs-Élysées"), where the colonial-era buildings provide a clear contrast to smaller, older structures. As the capital city of the country, Tunis is the focus of Tunisian political and administrative life; it is also the centre of the country's commercial activity. The expansion of the Tunisian economy in recent decades is reflected in the booming development of the outer city where one can see clearly the social challenges brought about by rapid modernization in Tunisia.

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Ukuma
Ukuma or Ucuma is a town and municipality in Huambo Province in Angola.

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United States
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km²) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.

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Uíge
Coordinates: 7°37′S 15°03′E / 7.617°S 15.05°E / -7.617; 15.05
Uíge (briefly Carmona) is a provincial capital city in northwestern Angola located in the province of the same name. It grew from a small market centre in 1945 to becoming a city in 1956.
Uíge was renamedVila Marechal Carmona in 1955 after the former Portuguese President Óscar Carmona, renamed simply Carmona after it became a city, but changed back to Uíge in 1975.
During Portuguese occupation it was a major center for coffee production in the 1950s. The city was the nerve center of rebel activity against Portuguese occupation. Consequently, the city faced frequent guerrilla war between Portuguese forces and the National Front for the Liberation of Angola (Frente Nacional de Libertação de Angola; FNLA). It had the worst known ever outbreak of the Marburg virus in 2005.
As of 2010 it had a population of 119,815.

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Uíge Province
Uíge (pronounced: "Weej"), one of the eighteen Provinces of Angola, is located in the northwestern part of the country. Its capital city is of the same name. Municipalities within the province include Zombo, Quimbele, Damba, Mucaba, Bungu, Macocola, Bembe, Buengas, Sanza Pombo, Alto Cauale, Puri, Negage, Quitexe, Ambuila and Songo.
Uige Province was one of the hardest-hit areas of Angola during the 26-year long civil war. Large segments of the population were displaced, and the infrastructure was severely damaged.
Beginning in October 2004 and continuing into 2005, Uige Province was the centre of an outbreak of Marburg hemorrhagic fever, a disease closely related to Ebola. It was caused by Marburg virus which is an African RNA virus that causes green monkey disease. Now thought to be under control, there were 374 cases with 88% deaths. According to the United Nations, it was the world's worst epidemic of any kind of hemorrhagic fever.

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Windhoek
Windhoek ( /ˈvɪnt.hʊk/ VINT-huuk; German: Windhuk (help·info)) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Namibia. It is located in central Namibia in the Khomas Highland plateau area, at around 1,700 metres (5,600 ft) above sea level. The population of Windhoek in 2011 was 322,500 and grows continually due to an influx from all over Namibia.
The town developed at the site of a permanent spring known to the indigenous pastoral communities. It developed rapidly after Jonker Afrikaner, Captain of the Orlam settled here in 1840 and built a stone church for his community. However, in the decades thereafter multiple wars and hostilities led to the neglect and destruction of the new settlement such that Windhoek was founded a second time in 1890 by Imperial German army Major Curt von François.
Windhoek is the social, economic, and cultural centre of the country. Nearly every Namibian national enterprise, governmental body, educational and cultural institution is headquartered here.
The City of Windhoek is traditionally known by two names: ǀAiǁGams, (Khoekhoe: hot springs) and Otjomuise (Otjiherero: place of steam). Both traditional names reference the hot springs near today's city centre.

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Xangongo
Xangongo is a town in Cunene Province, Angola. It is located at around 16°44′48″S 14°58′29″E / 16.74667°S 14.97472°E / -16.74667; 14.97472Coordinates: 16°44′48″S 14°58′29″E / 16.74667°S 14.97472°E / -16.74667; 14.97472. It was also the site of considerable fighting in the war for the independence of Namibia (Southwest Africa) and the Angolan Civil War.
Xangongo was the headquarters of SWAPO's "northwestern front." A South African military operation called "Operation Protea" occurred on August 23, 1981. Its aim was to destroy SWAPO in the Angolan towns of Xangongo and Ongiva. It was very successful and significantly boosted the South African military operations against both SWAPO and the Angolan military. The bridge over the Cunene River was destroyed by SADF Special Forces and the town was held for many years by South Africa. At the end of the Battle of Cuito Cuanavale the Fidel Castro 50th Brigade moved in and started harassing the withdrawing SADF forces, triggering Operation Hilti/Excite. In response to this harassment the SADF mobilized 81 Armoured Brigade in Operation Desert Fox, designed to neutralize the Cuban 50th Division, but this was not necessary because of the successful negotiations that ended the South African involvement in the Angolan Civil War.

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Yamoussoukro
The District of Yamoussoukro /ˌjɑːməˈsuːkroʊ/ is the official political capital and administrative capital city of Côte d'Ivoire, while the economic capital of the country is Abidjan. As of 2010, it was estimated to have 242,744 inhabitants. Located 240 kilometres (150 mi) north-west of Abidjan, the administrative center on the coast, upon rolling hills and plains, the municipality covers 3,500 square kilometres (1,400 sq mi) and is coterminous with the department of the same name. The department and municipality are split into four sub-prefectures: Attiégouakro, Didiévi, Tié-diékro and the Commune of Yamoussoukro. In total, the district contains 169 settlements.
In 1998, the city had about 155,803 inhabitants. It is the fourth most populous city in Côte d'Ivoire, after Abidjan, Bouaké, and Daloa.
The current governor of the district is N'Dri Koffi Apollinaire.
Yamoussoukro is pronounced "Yam-So-Kro" by Ivorians. It's possible to hear "Ya-Mu-So-Kro"; the second "U" is silent.^{[citation needed]}

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Yaoundé
Yaoundé ( /ˌjɑːuːnˈdeɪ/ or /jaːˈʊndeɪ/, French pronunciation: [ja.un.de]) is the capital of Cameroon and, with a population of approximately 2.5 million, the second largest city in the country after the port city Douala. It lies in the center of the nation at an elevation of about 750 metres (2,500 ft) above sea level.
Yaoundé was founded in 1888 by German traders as a base for the ivory trade and as an agricultural research station. It was occupied by Belgian troops during World War I. After Germany's defeat, France became the colonial power in eastern Cameroon. Yaoundé consequently became the capital of French Cameroon, and continued as the capital of the Republic of Cameroon at independence.
Major industries in Yaoundé include tobacco, dairy products, breweries, clay, glass goods, and lumber. It is also a regional distribution center for coffee, cocoa, copra, sugar cane, and rubber.
The city centre houses government offices, some hotels, and the central market. The Bastos neighbourhood, with most homes owned by Cameroonians, is home to foreign embassies and the expatriate European community (drawn mainly from the diplomatic corps). The presidential palace and compound is in the Etoudi neighborhood.

wn.com/Yaoundé
Zaire Province
Zaire is one of the 18 provinces of Angola. It occupies 40,130 square kilometres in the north west of the country and has a population of approximately 600,000. It has a tropical climate. M'Banza Kongo, formerly São Salvador, is the capital of the province.
Zaire province borders the Atlantic Ocean in the West, the Congo or Zaire river and the D.R. Congo in the North, the Angolan provinces of Uíge in the East and Bengo in the South.
Coordinates: 6°16′S 14°14′E / 6.267°S 14.233°E / -6.267; 14.233

wn.com/Zaire_Province
Ícolo e Bengo
Ícolo e Bengo (English: Icolo and Bengo) is a município (city council or municipality) in the province of Bengo in Angola until the enactment of the law 29/11, of 1 September 2011, which moved this municipio and the municipio Quissama from Bengo to LÖuanda Province. The documents of transfer were signed on 2 April 2012 in Catete by the governors of Luanda Province, Bento Bento, and João Miranda, of Bengo Province, in the presence of the minister for territorial administration, Bornito de Sousa.
It covers an area of 3,819 square kilometres (1,475 sq mi) and its estimated population as of 2006 is 58,830 inhabitants.
Ícolo e Bengo is bordered to the north and south respectively by the municipalities of Dande and Quiçama (in Bengo and Luanda provinces respectively), to the east by the municipality of Cambambe (Cuanza Norte province), and to the west by the municipalities of Viana and Cacuaco (both in Luanda province).
The municipality is divided into five comunas (communes): Bom Jesus, Cabiri, Cassoneca, Caculo Cahango and Catete. The municipal seat is Catete.

wn.com/Ícolo_e_Bengo

Angolan Civil War
The Angolan Civil War was a major civil conflict in the Southern African state of Angola, beginning in 1975 and continuing, with some interludes, until 2002. The war began immediately after Angola became independent from Portugal in November 1975. Prior to this, a decolonisation conflict had taken place in 1974–75, following the Angolan War of Independence. The Civil War was primarily a struggle for power between two former liberation movements, the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA). At the same time, it served as a surrogate battleground for the Cold War, due to heavy intervention by major opposing powers such as the Soviet Union and the United States.
Each organisation had different roots in the Angolan social fabric and mutually incompatible leaderships, despite their sharing the aim of ending colonial occupation. Although both the MPLA and UNITA had socialist leanings, for the purpose of mobilising international support they posed as "Marxist-Leninist" and "anti-communist", respectively. A third movement, the National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA), having fought the MPLA alongside UNITA during the war for independence and the decolonization conflict, played almost no role in the Civil War. Additionally, the Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda (FLEC), an association of separatist militant groups, fought for the independence of the province of Cabinda from Angola.

wn.com/Angolan_Civil_War
Brazilian people
Brazilians (brasileiros in Portuguese) are all people born in Brazil. A Brazilian can be also a person born abroad to a Brazilian parent or a foreigner living in Brazil who applied for Brazilian citizenship.
According to the Constitution of Brazil, a Brazilian citizen is:
According to the Constitution, all people who hold Brazilian citizenship are equal, regardless of race, ethnicity, gender or religion.
A foreigner can apply for Brazilian citizenship after living for 4 (four) uninterrupted years in Brazil and being able to speak Portuguese. A native person from an official Portuguese language country (Portugal, Angola, Mozambique, Cape Verde, São Tomé and Príncipe, Guinea Bissau and East Timor) can request the Brazilian nationality after only 1 uninterrupted year living in Brazil. A foreign born person who holds Brazilian citizenship has exactly the same rights and duties of the Brazilian citizen by birth, but cannot occupy some special public positions such as the Presidency of the Republic, Vice-presidency of the Republic, Minister (Secretary) of Defense, Presidency (Speaker) of the Senate, Presidency (Speaker) of the House of Representatives, Officer of the Armed Forces and Diplomat.

wn.com/Brazilian_people
Chinese people
The term Chinese people may refer to any of the following:
Race (hereditary reasons), nationality, citizenship, place of residence (geographical factors), and ancestry (historical and genealogical factors) can be used to define someone as Chinese.

wn.com/Chinese_people
Paulo Dias de Novais
Paulo Dias de Novais (c. 1510 – 1589), a nobleman of the Royal Household, was a Portuguese colonizer of Africa in the 16th century and the first Captain-Governor of Angola. He was the grandson of the explorer Bartolomeu Dias.
Novais arrived in what is now Angola on February 11, 1575. Attracted by the prospect of the famous silver mines of Cambambe, he established a settlement at São Paulo de Luanda, near the island of Luanda.

wn.com/Paulo_Dias_de_Novais
Portuguese people
The Portuguese (Portuguese: os Portugueses) are a nation and ethnic group native to the country of Portugal, in the west of the Iberian peninsula of south-west Europe. Their language is Portuguese, and Roman Catholicism is the predominant religion.
Due to the large historical extent of the Portuguese Empire and the colonization of territories in Africa, Asia and the Americas, as well as historical and recent emigration, Portuguese communities can be found in many diverse regions around the globe, and a large Portuguese diaspora exists.
The Portuguese are a southwestern European population, with origins predominantly from Atlantic Europe, Western Europe and the Western Mediterranean.
The earliest modern humans inhabiting Portugal are believed to have been Paleolithic peoples that may have arrived in the Iberian Peninsula as early as 35,000 to 40,000 years ago. Current interpretation of Y-chromosome and mtDNA data suggests that modern-day Portuguese traces largely a significant amount of these lineages to the paleolithic peoples which began arriving to the European continent between the end of the last glaciation around 45,000 years ago.

wn.com/Portuguese_people
Vietnamese people
The Vietnamese people (Vietnamese: người Việt or người Kinh) are an ethnic group originating from present-day northern Vietnam and southern China. They are the majority ethnic group of Vietnam, comprising 86% of the population as of the 1999 census, and are officially known as Kinh to distinguish them from other ethnic groups in Vietnam. The earliest recorded name for the ancient Vietnamese people appears as "Lạc".
Although geographically and linguistically labeled as Southeast Asians, long periods of Chinese domination and influence have placed the Vietnamese culturally closer to East Asians, or more specifically their immediate northern neighbours, the Southern Chinese and other tribes within the South China. The word Việt is shortened from Bách Việt, a name used in ancient times. Nam means "south".
If regarded as a single ethnic group, the Vietnamese constitute one of the world's largest."CIA World Factbook". May 8th, 2012. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/vm.html. Retrieved 11 May 2012.

wn.com/Vietnamese_people
Zombo
Zombo (born Tebogo Ndlovu, 3 May 1979 – 17 February 2008) was a South African singer, songwriter and music producer, best known as a member of kwaito group Abashante.
Zombo earned fame as a rapper with kwaito stars Abashante in the 1990s. The group, which also included vocalists Nestum and Queen Sesako, were known for their energetic dancing routines. Their most successful album was their 1996 debut, "Girls" (released before Zombo joined the group), which went platinum in South Africa. Later releases included "Settlin’ The Score", "Ayoyo" and "Intwenjani?".
After leaving Abashante, Zombo worked as a music producer and started his own record label. As a solo artist and as a member of new group Collabo he failed to emulate his former success as a performer, though his album "Zombo" earned a nomination for Best Rap Album at the 2003 South African Music Awards. By 2008 he was living in poverty, complaining in a newspaper interview that he lacked even the money to feed himself properly.
Zombo died of AIDS-related causes in February 2008, a month after revealing his HIV positive status to the media. Fellow South African musicians said at the time that his talents would be sorely missed. According to singer Preston Sihlangu, "He was a versatile singer. Zombo was a producer, songwriter and singer. He could start a song from scratch and produce it himself. That skill is very rare."

wn.com/Zombo

Locals priced out of Chinese-built Luanda

A vast, Chinese-built satellite town on the outskirts of Angola's capital has been hailed ...

published: 03 Oct 2012

author: AFP

Sadc press conference in luanda

Sadc press conference in luanda...

published: 03 Jun 2012

author: CLUBKnet

Construction in Luanda 2012

Construction in Luanda. Filmed in 2012....

published: 12 Sep 2012

author: afropopworldwide

Rainbow City, Luanda, Angola

22000 homes in 700 builders in Rainbow City built by Citic (A chinese contract). The city ...

published: 18 Nov 2012

author: thatdguy

Luanda, Angola Pastors' Conference pt 1-Dr.Owuor

Dr. Owuor Prepares the church& Priesthood in Angola for Rapture through this Mighty Teachi...

published: 23 May 2012

author: chitywa

Luanda, Angola Pastors' Conference pt 2-Dr.Owuor

Dr. Owuor Prepares the church& Priesthood in Angola for Rapture through this Mighty Teachi...

published: 23 May 2012

author: chitywa

Luanda, Angola Pastors' Conference pt 3-Dr.Owuor

Dr. Owuor Prepares the church& Priesthood in Angola for Rapture through this Mighty Teachi...

published: 23 May 2012

author: chitywa

Manifestação em Luanda - 03

Manifestação em Luanda 03-11-2011...

published: 04 Dec 2011

author: CLUBKnet

Business Opportunities In Luanda

If you are fluent in Portuguese, then you may consider tapping into the immense wealth gen...

published: 23 Aug 2010

author: standardgroupkenya

Worshippers Crushed to Death in Angola Stadium

Description: At least 10 people were crushed to death at a church gathering at a stadium i...

published: 02 Jan 2013

author: NTDTV

Harambee Stars arrive from Luanda

Following the loss to Palancas Negras of Angola, the stars are third in group j with four ...

published: 07 Jun 2011

author: standardgroupkenya

Raila in Luanda

Prime Minister Raila Odinga insisted that ODM was still the party to beat come the 2012 ge...

published: 02 Apr 2011

author: kenyacitizentv

Arik Air Launches Lagos-Luanda Route

Arik Air has launched a new route to Angola, as Nigeria is now granting visas to the count...

published: 19 Dec 2011

author: SilverbirdNews

Manifestação em Luanda - 02

Manifestação em Luanda 03-11-2011...

published: 04 Dec 2011

author: CLUBKnet

Travel Etiquette: Luanda, Angola Preview video.

Shot & Produced by Joshua Kissi & Travis Gumbs Additional footage by TONE & Eddie Editing ...

published: 01 Sep 2012

author: Street Etiquette

Casamento Caipira Arraiá da Paulão.

published: 12 Jun 2012

author: Luanda Lima

Brise-Glace ::: 3 et 4 février 2011

Vidéo de quelques moments choisis de l'événement Brise-Glace, qui s'est tenu les 3 et 4 fé...

published: 05 Oct 2011

author: Luanda Almeida

Luanda moving

Luanda's topography has been changing since records began. The mutation of the island, bay...

published: 08 Jan 2012

author: Paulo Moreira

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photo: Creative Commons / Gage Skidmore

Actress Angelina Jolie on the Salt panel at the 2010 San Diego Comic Con in San Diego, California.

Angelina Jolie likes being sexy

m&c;

18 Jan 2013

Angelina Jolie likes being a sex symbol. The Oscar-winning actress is regarded as one of the world's most beautiful women and she enjoys being told she looks good as it's important to feel sexy ... ....(size: 1.0Kb)

photo: AP / Sergei Chuzavkov

Ukraine's Prime Minister and presidential candidate Yulia Tymoshenko speaks to the media in Kiev, Ukraine, Sunday, Feb. 7, 2010.

Ukraine Government Plans to Charge Ex-Premier With Murder

The New York Times

19 Jan 2013

MOSCOW — The government of President Viktor F. Yanukovich of Ukraine said Friday that it planned to bring murder charges against his political rival, the jailed former prime minister, Yulia V. Tymoshenko, in connection with the 1996 assassination of a member of Parliament. Connect With Us on Twitter. Follow @nytimesworld for international breaking news and headlines. Twitter List. Reporters and Editors ... He said that Ms ... Ms ... Ms ...   ... ....(size: 8.0Kb)

photo: US Army / Sgt. 1st Class Abram Pinnington

File - Spc. Wickham, an infantryman and 240B gunner, and another soldier, assigned to Company D, 1st Battalion, 187th Infantry Regiment, 3rd Brigade Combat Team, 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault), pull rear security while on a short halt during an Afghan National Security Forces-led mission in rural areas of Zormat district, Afghanistan, Dec. 10, 2012.

Is Mali the next Afghanistan?

Stars and Stripes

20 Jan 2013

WASHINGTON -- The war rages about cities with names such as Goa and Timbuktu, in a sparsely populated, mostly flat, dusty and landlocked country in northwest Africa. The combatants include a nomadic Berber people known as Tuareg, the French Foreign Legion and a coalition of al-Qaida affiliates who identify themselves with the Maghreb, the desert region of Northwestern Africa ... Some U.S ... Afghanistan ... J ... "They go to where the fight is ... ....(size: 6.6Kb)

photo: AP / Echorouk Elyaoumi

In this undated photo, a man stands next to the body of an unidentified person near Ain Amenas, Algeria. Algerian bomb squads scouring a gas plant where Islamist militants took dozens of foreign workers hostage found "numerous" new bodies on Sunday, Jan. 20, 2013 as they searched for explosive traps left behind by the attackers, a security official said, a day after a bloody raid ended the four-day siege of the remote desert refinery.

Death toll climbs past 80 in siege in Algeria

Richmond Times Dispatch

21 Jan 2013

Algerian security forces on Sunday made grisly discoveries of dozens of bodies at a sprawling natural gas facility, a day after a violent showdown put an end to an international hostage crisis. But as Algeria tallied up the losses, a debate was emerging about whether the militant group linked to al-Qaida that seized the plant had been intent on a massacre or whether it had simply been after money ... ....(size: 2.9Kb)

photo: AP / SITE Intel Group

This image from video provided by the SITE Intel Group made available Thursday Jan. 17, 2013, purports to show militant militia leader Moktar Belmoktar.

Mokhtar Belmokhtar: Algeria's Link To Al Qaeda

Skynews

18 Jan 2013

He's known as Mr Marlboro because of his cigarette smuggling. The French intelligence service calls him "The Uncatchable".. The truth is Mokhtar Belmokhtar and his fellow North African Jihadists are rapidly emerging as Europe's most potent strategic threat.. Born in central Algeria in 1972 he grew obsessed with Jihadi ideology in his teens. At 19 he volunteered to fight alongside the mujahedeen in Afghanistan . ... "He is very cold ... ....(size: 8.4Kb)

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De Beers eyes Angola gem deposit

Business Day

21 Jan 2013

LUANDA — De Beers, the world’s biggest diamond producer, is confident of finding a gem deposit in Angola that will more than recoup the $250m spent on exploration ... The results of studies of three ore bodies known as kimberlites at Mulepe, about 800km east of Luanda, are expected in about two months, and would be followed by meetings with Endiama to decide how to proceed, Mr Lago de Carvalho said ... Bloomberg. ....(size: 3.0Kb)

Portugal Wine Sales Rise as Asia, Ex-Colony Demand Grows

Bloomberg

21 Jan 2013

On the top floor of Angola’s tallest building, overlooking the bay of the capital Luanda, a relatively unknown bottle of Benfeito Portuguese wine sold for a record $21,600 at an auction ... Ricardo Guerra, the entrepreneur who helped produce and sell the bottle of Benfeito wine in Luanda in 2011 for a record price, is another case in point ... “Business is going well,” the 32-year-old Guerra in a telephone interview from Luanda ... ....(size: 7.8Kb)

Brigadier Shows Angola's Importance in Peace, Security in Africa

All Africa

21 Jan 2013

[ANGOP]Luanda -The vice chairman of the Executive ......(size: 0.3Kb)

De Beers confident of Angolan gem find

Independent online (SA)

21 Jan 2013

Colin McClelland ... The site was the only remaining concession out of five De Beers had explored in the country since 2005, he said ... “The contract is clear, there is no debate.”. The results of the evaluation studies of three ore bodies known as kimberlites at Mulepe, about 800km east of Luanda, were due in about two months, and would be followed by meetings with Endiama on how to proceed, Lago de Carvalho said ... ....(size: 3.6Kb)

Copyrights in Angola Debated Wednesday

All Africa

20 Jan 2013

[ANGOP]Luanda -A talk on ......(size: 0.1Kb)

Your cheatin' heart may tell on you but the smartphone won't

Hong Kong Standard

20 Jan 2013

The Cheating Husband application is coming. But for now, you can only get phones with that function in secondhand stores in Japan. //--> Monday, January 21, 2013. The Cheating Husband application is coming. But for now, you can only get phones with that function in secondhand stores in Japan ... They need a high level of sneakiness ... He said ... Except for Xian, Ulan Bator, Detroit, Seoul, Warsaw, Luanda, Moscow, Naypyidaw, Riyadh, and Maputo ... ....(size: 3.1Kb)

New Brazilian Defence Attache Accredited

All Africa

19 Jan 2013

[ANGOP]The Ministry of National Defence ......(size: 0.2Kb)

Preident and AU Commission Chairwoman Discuss Continent's Situation

All Africa

19 Jan 2013

[ANGOP]The current situation in Africa ......(size: 0.2Kb)

We Can Only Imagine

All Africa

19 Jan 2013

... lost in the Battle of Luanda last October....(size: 0.2Kb)

Sports Minister Leaves for South Africa

All Africa

19 Jan 2013

[ANGOP]Luanda -Angolan minister of Youth and Sports, ......(size: 0.3Kb)

Angola Celebrates National Environment Day

All Africa

19 Jan 2013

[ANGOP]Luanda -Angola, through the Ministry of ......(size: 0.3Kb)

Musicians Eddy Tussa, Carlos Burity Open 'Casa70' Season

All Africa

19 Jan 2013

[ANGOP]The Angolan musicians Carlos ......(size: 0.2Kb)

AU Commission Chairperson Ends Visit

All Africa

19 Jan 2013

[ANGOP]Luanda -The chairwoman of the African Union ......(size: 0.3Kb)

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It has been suggested that Luanda Sul be merged into this article or section. (Discuss) Proposed since March 2012.

Coordinates: 8°50′18″S 13°14′04″E / 8.83833°S 13.23444°E / -8.83833; 13.23444

Luanda São Paulo da Assunção de Loanda
— City —
View of Luanda bay from Ilha de Luanda, June 2008
Luanda Location of Luanda in Angola
Coordinates: 8°50′18″S 13°14′4″E / 8.83833°S 13.23444°E / -8.83833; 13.23444
Country	Angola
Capital	Luanda
Founded	1575
Elevation	6 m (20 ft)
Population (2011)
• City	5,172,900
• Metro	8,523,282
Time zone	+1

Luanda, formerly named São Paulo da Assunção de Loanda, is the capital and largest city of Angola. Located on Angola's coast with the Atlantic Ocean, Luanda is both Angola's chief seaport and its administrative center. It has a population of over 5 million. It is also the capital city of Luanda Province, and the world's third most populous Portuguese-speaking city, behind only São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, both in Brazil.

The city is currently undergoing a major reconstruction, with many large developments taking place that will alter the cityscape significantly. Luanda was ranked the most expensive city to live in for expatriates by Mercer, for 2011.^[1]

1 History
- 1.1 Portuguese rule
- 1.2 Independence from Portugal
2 Geography
- 2.1 Human Geography
  - 2.1.1 Town subdivisions
- 2.2 Climate
3 Demographics
4 Economy
5 Transportation
6 Renewal and enlargement
7 Twin towns — Sister cities
8 References
9 External links

History [link]

Portuguese rule [link]

A map of Luanda in the early 1700's.

Portuguese explorer Paulo Dias de Novais founded Luanda on 25 January 1576 as "São Paulo da Assumpção de Loanda", with a hundred families of settlers and four hundred soldiers. In 1618 the Portuguese built the fortress called Fortaleza São Pedro da Barra, and they subsequently built two more: Fortaleza de São Miguel (1634) and Forte de São Francisco do Penedo (1765-6). Of these, the Fortaleza de São Miguel is the best preserved.^[2]

Luanda was Portugal's bridgehead from 1627, except during the Dutch rule of Luanda, from 1640 to 1648, as Fort Aardenburgh. The city served as the centre of slave trade to Brazil from c.1550 to 1836.^[3] The slave trade was conducted mostly with the Portuguese colony of Brazil; Brazilian ships were the most numerous in the port of Luanda. This slave trade also involved local merchants and warriors who profited from the trade.^[4] During this period, no large scale territorial conquest was intended by the Portuguese; only a few minor settlements were established in the immediate hinterland of Luanda, some on the last stretch of the Kwanza River.

The centre of Luanda in 1883.

In the 17th century, the Imbangala became the main rivals of the Mbundu in supplying slaves to the Luanda market. In the 1750s between 5,000 to 10,000 slaves were annually sold.^[5] By this time, Angola, a Portuguese colony, was in fact like a colony of Brazil, paradoxically another Portuguese colony. A strong degree of Brazilian influence was noted in Luanda until the Independence of Brazil in 1822. In the 19th century, still under Portuguese rule, Luanda experienced a major economic revolution. The slave trade was abolished in 1836, and in 1844 Angola's ports were opened to foreign shipping. By 1850, Luanda was one of the greatest and most developed Portuguese cities in the vast Portuguese Empire outside Mainland Portugal, full of trading companies, exporting (together with Benguela) palm and peanut oil, wax, copal, timber, ivory, cotton, coffee, and cocoa, among many other products. Maize, tobacco, dried meat and cassava flour also began to be produced locally. The Angolan bourgeoisie was born by this time.^{[citation needed]}

In 1889 Governor Brito Capelo opened the gates of an aqueduct which supplied the city with water, a formerly scarce resource, laying the foundation for major growth. Like most of Portuguese Angola, the cosmopolitan^[6] city of Luanda was not affected by the Portuguese Colonial War (1961–1974); economic growth and development in the entire region reached record highs during this period. In 1972 a report called Luanda the "Paris of Africa". Throughout Portugal's Estado Novo period, Luanda grew from a town of 61,208 with 14.6% of those inhabitants being white in 1940, to a wealthy cosmopolitan major city of 475,328 in 1970 with 124,814 Europeans (26.3%) and around 50,000 mixed race inhabitants.^[7]^[8]

The National Bank of Angola, a monument of Portuguese colonial architecture.

Independence from Portugal [link]

By the time of Angolan independence in 1975, Luanda was a modern city. The majority of its population was African, but it was dominated by a strong minority of white Portuguese origin. After the Carnation Revolution in Lisbon on April 25, 1974, with the advent of independence and the start of the Angolan Civil War (1975–2002), most of the white Portuguese Luandans left as refugees,^[9] principally for Portugal, with many travelling overland to South Africa. There was an immediate crisis, because the local African population lacked the skills and knowledge needed to run the city and maintain its well-developed infrastructure. The large numbers of skilled technicians among the force of Cuban soldiers sent in to support the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) government in the Angolan Civil War were able to make a valuable contribution to restoring and maintaining basic services in the city. However, in the following years, slums called musseques - which had existed for decades - began to grow out of proportion and stretched for miles beyond Luanda's former city limits, as a result of the decades-long civil war, and because of the rise of deep social inequalities due to large-scale migration of civil war refugees from other Angolan regions. For decades, Luanda's facilities were not adequately expanded to handle this massive increase in the city's population. After 2002, with the end of the civil war and high economic growth rates fuelled by the wealth provided by the increasing oil and diamond production, major reconstruction started.^[10]

Geography [link]

Human Geography [link]

An aerial view of Luanda

Salvador Correia Secondary School, Luanda

Luanda is divided into two parts, the Baixa de Luanda (lower Luanda, the old city) and the Cidade Alta (upper city or the new part). The Baixa de Luanda is situated next to the port, and has narrow streets and old colonial buildings.^[11] However, massive new constructions have by now covered large areas beyond these traditional limit, and a number of previously independent nuclei - like Viana - were incorporated into the city.

Town subdivisions [link]

Luanda is divided into 9 districts, the so-called "municípios":

Município de Cazenga
Município de Ingombota
Município de Kilamba Kiaxi
Município de Maianga
Município de Rangel
Município de Samba
Município de Sambizanga
Município de Cacuaco
Município de Viana

A completely new satellite city, called Luanda Sul has been built. In Camama, Zango and Kilamba Kiaxi more high-rise developments are to be built. The capital Luanda is growing constantly - and in addition, increasingly beyond the official city limits and even provincial boundaries.

Luanda is the seat of a Roman Catholic archbishop. It is also the location of most of Angola's educational institutions, including the private Catholic University of Angola and the public University of Agostinho Neto. It is also the home of the colonial Governor's Palace and the Estádio da Cidadela (the "Citadel Stadium"), Angola's main stadium, with a total seating capacity of 60,000.^[12]

Climate [link]

Under the Köppen climate classification, Luanda features a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSh). The climate is hot and humid but surprisingly dry, owing to the cool Benguela Current, which prevents moisture from easily condensing into rain. Frequent fog prevents temperatures from falling at night even during the completely dry months from June to October. Luanda has an annual rainfall of 323 millimetres (12.7 in), but the variability is among the highest in the world, with a co-efficient of variation above 40 percent.^[13] Observed records since 1858 range from 55 millimetres (2.2 in) in 1958 to 851 millimetres (33.5 in) in 1916. The short rainy season in March and April depends on a northerly counter current bringing moisture to the city: it has been shown clearly that weakness in the Benguela current can increase rainfall about sixfold compared with years when that current is strong.^[14]^[15]

Climate data for Luanda
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	33 (91)	35 (95)	35 (95)	34 (93)	36 (97)	32 (90)	29 (84)	28 (82)	29 (84)	32 (90)	37 (99)	34 (93)	37 (99)
Average high °C (°F)	28 (82)	29 (84)	30 (86)	29 (84)	28 (82)	25 (77)	23 (73)	23 (73)	24 (75)	26 (79)	28 (82)	28 (82)	27 (81)
Average low °C (°F)	23 (73)	24 (75)	24 (75)	24 (75)	23 (73)	20 (68)	18 (64)	18 (64)	19 (66)	22 (72)	23 (73)	23 (73)	22 (72)
Record low °C (°F)	21 (70)	21 (70)	21 (70)	21 (70)	18 (64)	15 (59)	14 (57)	14 (57)	17 (63)	18 (64)	20 (68)	19 (66)	14 (57)
Rainfall mm (inches)	25 (0.98)	36 (1.42)	76 (2.99)	117 (4.61)	13 (0.51)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	3 (0.12)	5 (0.2)	28 (1.1)	20 (0.79)	323 (12.72)
Source: BBC Weather ^[16]

Demographics [link]

Luanda's Cathedral - Most of Luanda is Roman Catholic.

Main article: Demographics of Angola

The inhabitants of Luanda are primarily members of African ethnic groups, mainly Ambundu, the Ovimbundu and the Bakongo. The official and the most widely used language is Portuguese, although several Bantu- languages are also used, chiefly Kimbundu, Umbundu, and Kikongo. There is a sizable minority population of European origin, especially Portuguese, as well as Brazilians and other Latin Americans. Over the last decades, a significant Chinese community has formed, as has a (much smaller) Vietnamese community.^{[citation needed]} There is a sprinkling of immigrants from other African countries including a small expatriate South African community. Many people of Luanda are of mixed race - European/Portuguese and native African. In recent few years immigration from Portugal has increased due to Portuguese poor economic situation.

The population of Luanda has exploded in recent years, due in large part to war-time migration to the city, which is safe compared to the rest of the country.^[17] However, Luanda has recently seen an increase in violent crime, particularly in the shanty towns that surround the colonial urban core.^[18]

Economy [link]

Transportation [link]

The Malange Railway Station.

Luanda is the starting point of the Luanda railway that goes due east to Malanje. The civil war left the railway non-functional, but the railway has been rehabilitated up to Dondo and Malanje.^[22]

The main airport of Luanda is Quatro de Fevereiro Airport, which is the largest in the country. Currently, a new international airport, Angola International Airport is under construction southeast of the city, a few miles beyond Viana, which was expected to be opened in 2011.^[23] However, as the Angolan government did not continue to make the payments due to the Chinese enterprise in charge of the construction, the firm has suspended its work in 2010.

The port of Luanda serves as the largest port of Angola, and connects Angola to the rest of the world. Major expansion of this port is also taking place, with the completion of a new complex just last year, the port is expanding rapidly.^[24]

Luanda's roads are in a poor state of repair, but are currently undergoing a massive reconstruction process by the government in order to relieve traffic congestion in the city. Major road repairs can be found taking place in nearly every neighborhood, including a major 6-lane highway connected Luanda to Viana, which is nearing partial completion in October.^[25]

Public transit is provided by the suburban services of the Luanda Railway, by the public company TCUL, and by a large fleet of privately owned collective taxis as white-blue painted minibuses called Candongueiro. There is also a private bus company TURA working routes in Luanda.

Renewal and enlargement [link]

Luanda's reborn wealth has helped in the conservation of its historic sites, like the Fort of São Miguel of Loanda.

Angola is forecast to be one of the world's fastest growing economies,^[21] and it has been undergoing massive renewal and enlargement. The central government allocates funds to all regions of the country, but the capital region receives the bulk of these funds. Since the end of the Angolan Civil War (1975–2002), stability has been widespread in the country, and major reconstruction has been going on since 2002 in those parts of the country which have been damaged by the civil war. Luanda has been of major concern because its population had multiplied and had far outgrown the capacities of the city, especially because much of its infrastructure (water, electricity, roads etc.) had become obsolete and degraded.

Construction in Luanda was booming during late colonial rule and is once again booming.

Reconstruction in Luanda has been felt in nearly all aspects of society. Major road rehabilitation, including road widening, application of asphalt, and re-routing efforts are all currently being done throughout Luanda. The Brazilian construction firm Odebrecht have been constructing two six-lane highways. One highway will provide speedy access to Cacuaco, Viana, Samba, and the Kilamba Kiaxi district of Luanda to the new airport of Luanda.^[26] The other highway will connect the city center of Luanda to Viana, and was expected to be completed by the end of 2008.^[26] Both ventures are, however, still under way in 2011.

Major social housing is also being constructed to house those who reside in slums, which dominate the landscape of Luanda. A large Chinese firm has been given a contract to construct the majority of replacement housing in Luanda.^[27] The Angolan minister of health recently stated poverty in Angola will be overcome by an increase in jobs and the housing of every citizen.^[28]

Twin towns — Sister cities [link]

Luanda is twinned with:

São Paulo, Brazil^[29]^[30] Salvador, Brazil Houston, United States (2003) Lisbon, Portugal^[31]^[32] Porto, Portugal^[31]^[32]	Brasilia, Brazil (since 1968^[6]) Macau, China Maputo, Mozambique Tahoua, Niger Johannesburg, South Africa Cairo, Egypt Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

References [link]

^ CNN: African city named world's most expensive for expats retrieved July 15, 2011
^ "Portuguese Colonial Remains". Colonialvoyage.com. http://www.colonialvoyage.com/remainP.html. Retrieved 2011-04-17.
^ See Joseph Miller, Way of Death: Merchant Capitalism and the Angolan Slave Trade, London & Madison/Wis,: James Currey & University of Wisconsin Press, 1988
^ João C. Curto. Álcool e Escravos: O Comércio Luso-Brasileiro do Álcool em Mpinda, Luanda e Benguela durante o Tráfico Atlântico de Escravos (c. 1480-1830) e o Seu Impacto nas Sociedades da África Central Ocidental. Translated by Márcia Lameirinhas. Tempos e Espaços Africanos Series, vol. 3. Lisbon: Editora Vulgata. H-net.org. 2002. ISBN 978-972-8427-24-5. http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.cgi?path=13661080113274.
^ Njoku, Onwuka N. (1997). Mbundu. pp. 38–39.
^ ^a ^b "Mayor's International Council Sister Cities Program". Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Archived from the original on December 23, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071223020811/http://www.pbh.gov.br/bh-internacional/bhz-acordos_irmas.htm. Retrieved 2008-08-18.
^ Angola antes da Guerra, a film of Luanda, Portuguese Angola (before 1975), youtube.com
^ LuandaAnosOuro.wmv, a film of Luanda, Portuguese Angola (before 1975), youtube.com
^ Flight from Angola, The Economist (August 16, 1975).
^ The Economist: Marching towards riches and democracy? August 28, 2008
^ MBRO%20de%202010.pdf Streets of Luanda from the Luanda Provincial Government website new pictures from Luanda City (Portuguese)
^ Estádio da Cidadela
^ Dewar, Robert E. and Wallis, James R; "Geographical patterning in interannual rainfall variability in the tropics and near tropics: An L-moments approach"; in Journal of Climate, 12; pp. 3457-3466
^ Bank Quantum website with citing Geography & Climate conditions in Angola
^ Video from heavy rain falls in Luanda December 28, 2010
^ "Average Conditions Luanda, Angola". BBC Weather. http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/world/city_guides/results.shtml?tt=TT000050. Retrieved August 19, 2009.
^ "International Spotlight: Angola". Washingtonpost.com. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-adv/specialsales/spotlight/angola/article8.html. Retrieved 2011-04-17.
^ John Pike (2006-03-13). "ANGOLA: Easy access to guns concern as election nears". Globalsecurity.org. http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/2006/03/mil-060314-irin01.htm. Retrieved 2011-04-17.
^ Keeping the flow in Angola's slums, Department for International Development (DFID), United Kingdom (February 13, 2009)
^ "Worldwide Cost of Living survey 2010 - City rankings". www.mercer.com. http://www.mercer.com/costoflivingpr. Retrieved 2010-06-29.
^ ^a ^b "GDP growth: A look ahead". The Economist. 2007-12-19. http://www.economist.com/displaystory.cfm?story_id=10316212. Retrieved 2010-06-28.
^ "China International Fund Limited". Chinainternationalfund.com. http://www.chinainternationalfund.com/projects1.asp?Id=284. Retrieved 2010-06-28.
^ "China International Fund Limited". Chinainternationalfund.com. http://www.chinainternationalfund.com/projects1.asp?Id=283. Retrieved 2010-06-28.
^ Scott Wilson projects^{[dead link]}
^ "Angola: Part of Luanda's Highway Complete By December". allAfrica.com. 2008-08-15. http://allafrica.com/stories/200808180008.html. Retrieved 2010-06-28.
^ ^a ^b "OT Africa Line - Angola". Otal.com. 2004-07-01. http://www.otal.com/angola/. Retrieved 2010-06-28.
^ "China International Fund Limited". Chinainternationalfund.com. http://www.chinainternationalfund.com/projects1.asp?Id=287. Retrieved 2010-06-28.
^ "Angola Press - Economia - Pobreza será combatida com emprego e habitações sociais, diz ministro-adjunto do PM". Portalangop.co.ao. 2010-05-25. http://www.portalangop.co.ao/motix/pt_pt/noticias/economia/Pobreza-sera-combatida-com-emprego-habitacoes-sociais-diz-ministro-adjunto,d4542ae2-820b-4c6b-bdee-85dc280983b5.html. Retrieved 2010-06-28.
^ Prefeitura.Sp - Descentralized Cooperation
^ International Relations - São Paulo City Hall - Official Sister Cities
^ ^a ^b "International Relations of the City of Porto". © 2006-2009 Municipal Directorateofthe PresidencyServices InternationalRelationsOffice. http://www.cm-porto.pt/document/449218/481584.pdf. Retrieved 2009-07-10.
^ ^a ^b Associação Porto Digital. "C.M. Porto". Cm-porto.pt. http://www.cm-porto.pt/gen.pl?sid=cmp.sections/521. Retrieved 2011-04-17.

External links [link]

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Contents

History [link]

Portuguese rule [link]

Independence from Portugal [link]

Geography [link]

Human Geography [link]

Town subdivisions [link]

Climate [link]

Demographics [link]

Economy [link]

Transportation [link]

Renewal and enlargement [link]

Twin towns — Sister cities [link]

References [link]

External links [link]

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