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Chadar (Hindi: चडार / चढार) is a Hindu caste found in central region of India. The other surnames used by peoples of this caste are Chidar, Charar, Athiya, Chandel, Pawar, Soniya, Vilye, Gehlot, Sutrakar, Sandariya, Verma, Sagar, Charul, Thakur, Pushkar, Chandravansi.

These are known to be Chandra Vanshi Kshatriya. Only few thousand chadar people currently exist and the number of chadars is continuously decreasing. Thus, they are moving towards minority community. The Chadar have customs and lifestyle like tribes. Chadars do not marry outside their community. The marriages are restricted within Chadar and subcaste of Chadar.

Surname and Pronunciation[link]

Chadar (Hindi:चडार) is commonly pronounced as Cha_daa_r.

Chadar kshatriya were known for very aggressive attacks (चढाइ) on enemy. The chadar / chadhar (चडार or चढार) surname originated from the word Chadhai (Hindi: चढाइ) which means Attack for which Chadars were known.

Other Surnames used by Chadars[link]

The other names used by people of this caste are:

1. Athya
2. Chidar
3. Charar
4. Athiya
5. Chandel
6. Pawar
7. Soniya
8. Vilye
9. Gehlot
10. Sandariya
11. Verma
12. Sutrakar
13. Charul
14. Thakur
15. Pushkar
16. Chandravansi
17. Gohiya
18. Sarawat
19. Bunkar

Origin[link]

The origin of chadar is from Chittorgarh Rajsthan and their near regions like Kota, Bundi, etc. The Chadars are known to be descendants of Chandela's. From the ninth century to the 13th century, the Chandelas ruled over central India. Their first capital city was Khajuraho, which was later shifted to Mahoba. They are regarded to be Chandravanshi; i.e., the descendants of the Som (Sanskrit literal meaning: moon). The Chandela are a Rajput clan found in Rajasthan, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, a dynasty, who ruled much of the Bundelkhand region of central India for long periods between the 10th and the 13th centuries AD. The Chandela dynasty is famous in Indian history for sculptures at temples of Khajuraho which is now a world heritage site.

Muslim invasions[link]

After about two centuries of obscurity a notable Chandella ruler Keerat Pal Singh rose to power and re-established his domain over Kalinjar and Mahoba. His illustrious daughter Durgavati was married to Gond ruler Dalpat-shah of Garh Mandla (near Jabalpur) in 1543 A.D. Later, Keerat Pal Singh battled bravely with Sher Shah Suri, while defending Kalinjar fort in 1545. Sher Shah, however, captured the fort after a prolonged fight but was killed in an explosion while directing final assault on the fort.

The account of Rani Durgavati's deeds is most glorious. She administered her territory admirably well after the death of Raja Dalpat Shah and in 1564 A.D. gallantly resisted the unprovoked aggression of Mughal Emperor Akbar, whose general Asif Khan attracted Garh Mandla to annex Rani's territory. The Rani gave a brave fight but lost her life in the battle-field. The aggression of Akbar on women rulers like Durga Wati and Chand-bibi tarnish his image as a liberal ruler.

There ends the saga of brave and valorous, patron of art and culture, rich and devout kings of the Chandela dynasty who ruled over central India for half a millennium. Their kingdom decreased and expanded in size in accordance with the velour and fortune of the individual ruler. But the most important objects which nearly every king left behind are the magnificent and exquisitely carved temples, thereby engraving their names in history in the golden letters.

Geographical distribution[link]

This caste is found mainly in districts of Madhya Pradesh (Jabalpur, Damoh, Sagar, Bhopal, Indore, Gwalior), including Uttar Pradesh (Jhansi, Lalitpur), Maharashtra (Mumbai, Nagpur, Amravati) and Rajasthan (Kota).

Occupation[link]

Chadars are mostly in government service. They are also considered to be good farmers. Being brave fighters and kshatriya, Chadar are the representative, commonly called Gram Rakshak (also Kotewar / Kutwar), of Govt. of Madhya Pradesh in most of the villages of Jabalpur, Damoh, Sagar etc.

References[link]

Kuldeep Manak (Punjabi: ਕੁਲਦੀਪ ਮਾਣਕ‌) was a noted Punjabi singer^[3][4] from Indian Punjab. He was best known for singing a rare genre of Punjabi music, Kali,^[5] known by its plural from kalian or kaliyan.^[1][6]

Early life[link]

Manak was born as Latif Muhammad (Urdu: لطیف محمد) on 15 November 1951, to father Nikka Khan, in the village of Jalal^[1] in Bathinda district of East Punjab. He completed his matriculation from the village school, where he was a keen field hockey player. He had an inclination towards singing from a very young age and was persuaded by his teachers to sing and perform on stage.

Family[link]

Manak's father, Nikka Khan, was a singer himself. Manak had two brothers: Siddqui, a devotional singer, and Rafiq, a tantric, who was also briefly noted. Kuldeep Manak's ancestors were the Hazoori Raagis (designated cantors) of Kirtan for Maharaja Hira Singh of Nabha.

He was married to Sarabjeet and had two children, a son named Yudhvir Manak and a daughter named Shakti.^[3] They both are married. Yudhvir is following in his father's footsteps as a singer.^[3][7]

Career[link]

Manak learned music under Ustad Khushi Muhammad Qawwal^[8] of Firozpur^[5] He left Bathinda and went to Ludhiana to pursue his career as a singer and started singing with the duo Harcharan Grewal and Seema.^[1] When they came to Delhi, a music company official spotted Manak and asked him to record the song jija akhian na maar ve main kall di kurhi (written by Babu Singh Maan Mararawala) with Seema. In 1968, at the age of 17,^[6] he was given the chance to record the song with Seema. His first record features this song along with laung karaa mittra, machhli paunge maape (written by Gurdev Singh Maan).^[1] This record was a runaway success.

Later, he started an office at Bathinda along with writer Dilip Singh Sidhu of Kanakwal, but did not stay there for long and returned to Ludhiana. The first folk song sung by Manak was maa Mirze di boldi, followed by ohne maut ne 'waajan maarian.^{[citation needed]}

The writer Hardev Dilgir (also known as Dev Tharikewala) spotted Manak at one of his live performances and penned many Lok Gathavan (English: old folk stories) for him.^[6]

His first EP, Teri Khatar Heere,^[2] was released by HMV in the 1970s which included the 4 songs Jaimal Phatta, Teri Khatar Heere (Kali), Raja Rasaloo and Dulla Bhatti (Dulleya ve tokra chukayeen aanke). In 1976 his first LP, Ik Tara, was released including the kali Tere Tille Ton,^[8][2] Chheti Kar Sarwan Bachcha and Garh Mughlane Dian Naaran and more. His further album released as a Super-7 vinyl was called 'Punjab Diyan Lok Gathavan', and contained Gorakh da Tilla. Further albums included 'Sahiban Da Tarla' (1978), 'Sahiban Bani Bharaawan Di' (1978), 'Maa Hundhi Ae Maa' (1980), 'Akhan ch Najaiz Vikdi', 'Ichhran Dhaahan Maardi', 'Jugni Yaaran Di' (1983) and 'Do Gabhru Punjab De'. Manak's voice was versatile as within one album he sang in many different pitches and tones to reflect a song's meaning. For example in the album 'Sahiban da Tarla' the songs Sahiban da Tarla, Yaari Yaaran di and Teri aan ma Teri Ranjha are all sang with different pitches.^{[citation needed]}

In 2012, Manak was featured in an album by Kalikwest, released on February 10, 2012, along with Bhinda Jatt, Sukhwinder Panchhi, Manjeet Pappu, Sukhdev Sukha, Inder Kooner, and Harleen Kaur. ^[9]

In films[link]

He also acted and sung in many Punjabi films like 'Saidan Jogan' (1979) with the song, sathon naee majhin chaar hundian, 'Lambardaarni' (1980) with yaaran da truck balliye (song), and Balbiro Bhabi (1981) as actor, singer and composer. He also sung a song, "ajj dhee ik raje di", in the 1983 film Sassi Punnu.^[10]

Manak also took part in the parliament elections of 1996 as an independent member from Bathinda^[11] but did not win.

Death[link]

Manak was battling a kidney disease for quite a long time. He died on 30 November 2011 due to Pneumonia lung infection, at the DMC Hospital in Ludhiana. He was 62 years old.His buriel took place at village Jalal in Bathinda.^[12]His Last album was Maharajas in which he sang 2 songs with both Jazzy B and Yudhveer Manak and 4 songs only with Jazzy B.

See also[link]

• Surinder Kaur
• Didar Sandhu
• Asa Singh Mastana
• List of Punjabi singers

References[link]

External links[link]

• Kuldeep Manak Bio - Bhangra.org
• Kuldeep Manak video Interview DESIblitz.com

This article uses bare URLs for citations. Please consider adding full citations so that the article remains verifiable. Several templates and the Reflinks tool are available to assist in formatting. (Reflinks documentation) (January 2012)

Harjit Harman (Punjabi: ਹਰਜੀਤ ਹਰਮਨ) is a famous Punjabi singer of Indian Punjab. He belongs to Doda village near Nabha, Punjab.^[1]

Career[link]

Although Harjit is active on the Punjabi music since 1999, he had to wait till 2002 to find fame with his solo album Zanjeeri. He has since produced several hit albums such as Panjebaan, Mundri, Hoor, and others.

In 2011, his album Shaan-E-Quam (Pride of the Nation) was nominated for the Global Indian Music Awards under the category "Best Folk Album." ^[2]

Music[link]

Harjit Harman has a unique voice that is melodious and loud at the same time. This style was popularized by Hans Raj Hans and Harbhajan Maan and it continues to be very popular among a new generation of Punjabi music lovers.

Filmography[link]

• Desi Romeos (2012)

Discography[link]

Notable albums of Harjit Harman:

• Jhanjhar (2012)
• Shaan-E-Kaum (2011)
• Hoor (2009)
• Mundri (2007)
• Singh Soorme (2005)
• Panjebaan (2004)
• Mutiyare (2003)
• Tere Pain Bhulekhe (2002)
• Zanjeeri (2002)
• Kudi Chiran Ton Vichhari (1999)

Popular Songs[link]

The following are some of Harjit Harman's more popular songs:

• Hoor (Album: Hoor) [1]
• Mundri (Album: Mundri) [2]
• Panjebaan (Album: Panjeban) [3]
• Sajjan Milade (Album: Hoor) [4]
• Jogi (Album: Mundri) [5]
• Chandol (Album: Mundri) [6]
• Jattan De Putt (Album: Panjebaan)
• Dil Marjaane Nu (Album Panjebaan)
• Patari (Album: Tere Pain Bhulekhe)
• Charkha (Album: Tere Pain Bhulekhe)
• Teri Yaad (Album: Zanjeeri)
• mittran da na chalda

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website

Rishi Kapoor
Born	(1952-09-04) 4 September 1952 (age 59) Chembur Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Other names	Chintu Ji
Occupation	Actor, Producer, Director
Years active	1970, 1973–present
Spouse	Neetu Singh (1980–present)
Children	Riddhima Kapoor Sahani, Ranbir Kapoor

Rishi Kapoor (Hindi: ऋषि कपूर) (born 4 September 1952^{[citation needed]}) is an Indian Bollywood actor, film producer and director.

Early life[link]

Born in south mumbai, Kapoor is the second son of film director and star Raj Kapoor. He did his schooling with his brothers at Campion School,Mumbai. His brothers are well-known actors: Randhir Kapoor and Rajiv Kapoor.

Career[link]

Rishi Kapoor debuted in his father's 1970 film Mera Naam Joker, playing his father's role as a child. Rishi Kapoor had his first lead role opposite Dimple Kapadia in the popular 1973 film Bobby which became an instant hit among youngsters. Since then he played leading roles as the romantic lead in over 100 films. He made a popular pairing with future wife Neetu Singh in films such as Khel Khel Mein (1975), Kabhie Kabhie (1976), Amar Akbar Anthony (1977) and Doosra Aadmi (1978). In the 1980s he appeared in hit films like Karz (1980), Naseeb (1981), Kaatilon Ke Kaatil (1981), Prem Rog 1982), Coolie (1983), Saagar (1985), Nagina (1986) and Chandni (1989). In the 1990s he continued to appear in hits like Henna (1991) which was his father's last directorial film later completed by his brother Randhir, Bol Radha Bol (1992), Deewana (1992) and Damini - Lightning (1993). After several box office failures from the mid 1990s, he eventually moved on to supporting roles in the 2000s. In 1999 he directed the film Aa Ab Laut Chalen, starring Aishwarya Rai, Akshaye Khanna, Kader Khan, Paresh Rawal and Jaspal Bhatti

His last film as a romantic lead was the delayed release Karobaar: The Business of Love (2000). He has since then played supporting roles in films like Yeh Hai Jalwa (2002), Hum Tum (2004), Fanaa (2006), Namaste London (2007), Love Aaj Kal (2009) and Patiala House (2010). He also appeared in the British films Don't Stop Dreaming (2007) and Sambar Salsa (2008). He reunited onscreen with Neetu Singh in the film Do Dooni Chaar (2010).

Kapoor has acted in Heena, directed by his brother, Randhir Kapoor and his father, the late Raj Kapoor, and in Prem Granth, a movie produced by the three Kapoor brothers (Rishi, Randhir and Rajiv Kapoor, directed by Rajiv Kapoor).

Rishi has acted in the movie Chintu Ji in which he plays himself. The film has references that pertain to Raj Kapoor, his father, his mother, his wife and his earlier films like Chandni, Mera Naam Joker and others.^[1] In 2012 he appeared in a villainous role in Agneepath and in the multi-starrer Housefull 2 where he appeared with brother Randhir for the first time.

Personal life[link]

Rishi Kapoor is married to actress of the seventies, Neetu Singh. Initially when Kapoor told his parents that he wanted to marry Singh, they refused, as did Singh's parents. It is famously known that Kapoor went to Singh's house while he was sick and had a fever to go ask for Neetu Singh's hand in marriage. His determination did not go unnoticed, and eventually both sides agreed. The couple tied the knot in 1981 after a highly publicized engagement. Kapoor was 29 at the time. Today Kapoor and Singh are happily married and have two children; Bollywood actor Ranbir Kapoor and designer Riddhima Kapoor Sahani. Rishi is the paternal uncle of today's actresses Karishma Kapoor and Kareena Kapoor.

Awards[link]

National Film Awards[link]

• 1971 - National Film Award for Best Child Artist for Mera Naam Joker

Filmfare Awards[link]

Winner

• 1974 - Filmfare Best Actor Award for Bobby
• 2008 - Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award
• 2011 - Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor for Do Dooni Chaar

Nominated

• 1980 - Filmfare Best Actor Award for Sargam
• 1983 - Filmfare Best Actor Award for Prem Rog
• 1986 - Filmfare Best Actor Award for Tawaif
• 1990 - Filmfare Best Actor Award for Chandni
• 2010 - Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award for Luck By Chance

Other Awards[link]

• 1970 - Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards: Special Award for Mera Naam Joker.^[2]
• 2006 - Zee Cine Award for Lifetime Achievement
• 2007 - MTV Lycra Awards: Maha Style Icon of the Year 2006.[2]
• 2008 - FICCI "Living Legend in Entertainment" Award.^[3][4]
• 2008 - Lifetime Achievement Award at the 10th Mumbai Academy of the Moving Image International Film (M.A.M.I).^[5]
• 2009 - Honoured by Russian Government for contribution to cinema.^[6]
• 2010 - Apsara Film & Television Producers Guild Awards: Best Actor in a Supporting Role for Love Aaj Kal.^[7]
• 2010 - Star Screen Award for Best Supporting Actor for Luck By Chance
• 2011 - Zee Cine Awards: Best Lifetime Jodi along with Neetu Singh.^[8]
• 2011 - Stardust Award for Best Actor for Do Dooni Chaar.^[9]

Filmography[link]

Following is the filmography of Rishi Kapoor along with his "Lead Female Actors".