- published: 08 Jan 2012
- views: 644
- author: OneStrangeStory
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- Anze County
- Astragalus
- Bank
- Baode County
- Battle of Taiyuan
- Bauxite
- Beijing
- Bing (province)
- Birth rate
- Bodhisattva
- Buddhism
- Category Shanxi
- Changzhi
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- Changzhi County
- China
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Anhui
Coordinates: 31°50′N 117°0′E / 31.833°N 117°E / 31.833; 117
Anhui (Chinese: 安徽; pinyin: Ānhuī; Wade–Giles: An-hui, Mandarin pronunciation: [ánxwéi]) is a province in the People's Republic of China. Located in eastern China across the basins of the Yangtze River and the Huai River, it borders Jiangsu to the east, Zhejiang to the southeast, Jiangxi to the south, Hubei to the southwest, Henan to the northwest, and Shandong for a tiny section in the north. The capital of the province is Hefei.
The name "Anhui" derives from the names of two cities in south Anhui, Anqing and Huizhou (now Huangshan City). The abbreviation for Anhui is "皖" (Wǎn), because there were historically a State of Wan, a Mount Wan, and a Wan river in the province.
The province of Anhui was formed in the seventeenth century. Before then, there was no coherent concept of "Anhui". Northern Anhui was firmly a part of the North China Plain in terms of culture, together with modern-day Henan province. Central Anhui constituted most of the fertile and densely-populated Huai He River watershed. Southern Anhui, along the Yangtze, was closer to Hubei and southern Jiangsu provinces in culture. Finally, the hills of southeastern Anhui formed a unique and distinct cultural sphere of its own.
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Anze County
Anze County is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Linfen city.
Coordinates: 36°08′56″N 112°14′55″E / 36.14889°N 112.24861°E / 36.14889; 112.24861
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Baode County
Baode County is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Xinzhou city.
Coordinates: 39°01′24″N 111°05′15″E / 39.02333°N 111.0875°E / 39.02333; 111.0875
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Beijing
Beijing (
/beɪˈdʒɪŋ/; Chinese: 北京; pinyin: Běijīng, [peɪ˨˩ t͡ɕiŋ˥]), formerly romanized as Peking ( /piːˈkɪŋ/ or /peɪˈkɪŋ/), is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The metropolis, located in northern China, is governed as a direct-controlled municipality under the national government, with 14 urban and suburban districts and two rural counties. Beijing Municipality is surrounded by Hebei Province with the exception of neighboring Tianjin Municipality to the southeast.
Beijing is China's second largest city by urban population after Shanghai and is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's largest state-owned companies. Beijing is a major transportation hub in the national highway, expressway, railway and high-speed rail network. Beijing's Capital International Airport is the second busiest in the world by passenger traffic.
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Changzhi County
Changzhi County is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Changzhi city.
Coordinates: 36°00′38″N 113°03′40″E / 36.0106°N 113.061°E / 36.0106; 113.061
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China
China (
i/ˈtʃaɪnə/; Chinese: 中国; pinyin: Zhōngguó; see also Names of China), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is the world's most-populous country, with a population of over 1.3 billion. Covering approximately 9.6 million square kilometres, the East Asian state is the world's second-largest country by land area, and the third- or fourth-largest in total area, depending on the definition of total area.
The People's Republic of China is a single-party state governed by the Communist Party of China. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four directly controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau). Its capital city is Beijing. The PRC also claims Taiwan—which is controlled by the Republic of China (ROC), a separate political entity—as its 23rd province, a claim controversial due to the complex political status of Taiwan and the unresolved Chinese Civil War. The PRC government denies the legitimacy of the ROC.
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Dai County
Dai County (Chinese: 代县; Pinyin: Dài Xiàn) is under the administrative control of Xinzhou City, Shanxi. Also known as Daizhou (代州) in ancient texts.
Coordinates: 39°3′49″N 112°56′35″E / 39.06361°N 112.94306°E / 39.06361; 112.94306
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Daning County
Daning County is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Linfen city.
Coordinates: 36°27′N 110°42′E / 36.45°N 110.7°E / 36.45; 110.7
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Datong
Coordinates: 40°05′N 113°18′E / 40.083°N 113.3°E / 40.083; 113.3
Datong (Chinese: 大同; pinyin: Dàtóng; Wade–Giles: Ta-t'ung) is a prefecture-level city in northern Shanxi Province of North China, located a few hundred kilometres west by rail from Beijing with an elevation of 1,040 metres (3,410 ft). It has a population of 3,318,057 at the 2010 census of whom 1,447,150 live in the built up area made of 3 out of 4 urban districts (City, Mining and Nanjiao).
Near here was the Beidi kingdom of Tai which was conquered by the Zhou dynasty in 457BC. It bordered on the Hu nomads and traded in horses. Tai was later a commandery or county.
The town was founded as Píngchéng (平城) in 200 BC during the Han Dynasty, after the Battle of Baideng between the Han and the Xiongnu. Located near the Great Wall Pass to Inner Mongolia. It blossomed during the following period and became a stop-off point for Camel Caravans moving from China into Mongolia and beyond. It was sacked at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Pingcheng became the capital of Northern Wei from 398 AD until 494 AD. The famous Yungang Grottoes (云冈石窟 Yúngāng Shíkū) were constructed during the later part of this period (460 – 494 AD).
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Dingxiang County
Dingxiang County is a district of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Xinzhou city.
Coordinates: 38°31′28″N 113°00′06″E / 38.52444°N 113.00167°E / 38.52444; 113.00167
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Fangshan County
Fangshan County is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Lüliang city.
Coordinates: 36°05′00″N 111°31′01″E / 36.0833°N 111.517°E / 36.0833; 111.517
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Fanshi County
Fanshi County (Chinese: 繁峙县; pinyin: Fánshì Xiàn) is a county in the Xinzhou prefecture of Shanxi Province in northern China. Fanshi is located north of Mount Wutai and east of Daixian.
The primary industry of Fanshi county is gold mining.
Coordinates: 39°13′13″N 113°31′00″E / 39.22028°N 113.5166667°E / 39.22028; 113.5166667
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Fenxi County
Fenxi County is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Linfen city.
Coordinates: 36°38′03″N 111°29′29″E / 36.63417°N 111.49139°E / 36.63417; 111.49139
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Foguang Temple
Foguang Temple (Chinese: 佛光寺) is a Buddhist temple located five kilometres from Doucun, Wutai County, Shanxi Province of China. The major hall of the temple is the Great East Hall, built in 857 AD, during the Tang Dynasty (618–907). According to architectural records, it is the third earliest preserved timber structure in China. It was rediscovered by the 20th century architectural historian Liang Sicheng (1901–1972) in 1937, while an older hall at Nanchan Temple was discovered by the same team a year later. The temple also contains another significant hall dating from 1137 called the Manjusri Hall. In addition, the second oldest existing pagoda in China (after the Songyue Pagoda), dating from the 6th century, is located in the temple grounds. Today the temple is part of a UNESCO World Heritage site and is undergoing restoration.
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Former Qin
The Former Qin (351-394) was a state of the Sixteen Kingdoms in China. Founded by the Fu family of the Di ethnicity, it completed the unification of North China in 376. Its capital had been Xi'an up to the death of the ruler Fu Jiān. Despite its name, the Former Qin was much later and less powerful than the Qin Dynasty which ruled all of China during the 3rd century BCE. The adjective "former" is used to distinguish it from the "Later Qin" state (384-417).
The defeat of the Former Qin in the Battle of Fei River and the subsequent uprisings split the Former Qin territory into two noncontiguous pieces after the death of Fu Jiān: one located at present day Taiyuan, Shanxi and was soon overwhelmed in 386 by the Xianbei under the Later Yan and the Dingling. The other struggled in its greatly reduced territories around the border of present day Shaanxi and Gansu until disintegration in 394 under years of invasions by the Western Qin and the Later Qin.
In 327, the Gaochang commandery was created by the Former Liang under the Han chinese ruler Zhang Gui. After this, significant Han chinese settlement occurred, a major, large part of the population becoming Chinese. In 383 The General Lu Guang of the Former Qin seized control of the region.
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Former Yan
The Former Yan (Chinese: 前燕; pinyin: Qiányàn; 337-370) was a state of Xianbei ethnicity during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms in China.
Initially, Murong Huang and his son Murong Jun claimed the Jin Dynasty (265-420)-created title "Prince of Yan," but subsequently, in 352, after seizing most of the former Later Zhao territory, Murong Juan would declare himself emperor, and after that point, the rulers of the Former Yan declared themselves "emperors".
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Fujian
Coordinates: 25°54′N 118°18′E / 25.9°N 118.3°E / 25.9; 118.3
Fujian (help·info) (Chinese: 福建), formerly romanised as Fukien or Foukien, is a province on the southeast coast of mainland China. Fujian is bordered by Zhejiang to the north, Jiangxi to the west, and Guangdong to the south. Taiwan lies to the east, across the Taiwan Strait. The name Fujian came from the combination of Fuzhou and Jianzhou (a former name for Jian'ou) two cities in Fujian, during the Tang Dynasty. With a Han majority, it is one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse provinces in China.
Most of Fujian is administered by the People's Republic of China. However, the archipelagos of Kinmen and Matsu are under the control of the Republic of China (Taiwan). Thus, there are two provinces (in the sense of government organizations): the Fujian Province administered by the People's Republic of China and the Fujian Province of the Republic of China.
Recent archaeological discoveries demonstrate that Fujian had entered the Neolithic Age by the middle of the 6th millennium BC. From the Keqiutou site (7450–5590 BP), an early Neolithic site in Pingtan Island located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southeast of Fuzhou, numerous tools made of stones, shells, bones, jades, and ceramics (including wheel-made-ceramics) have been unearthed, together with spinning wheels, a definitive evidence of weaving.
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Fushan County
Fushan County (浮山县) is a county in the municipal region of Linfen, Shanxi. As of 2000 it had 121,323 residents.
Fushan runs two towns and thirteen townships. The executive, legislature and judiciary sit in Chengguan (城关镇), together with the CPC and PSB branches.
On 2009 September 13 about 400 people uniformed as police destroyed a church complex. As it was Sunday the buildings were in use. Several worshippers were struck, and some of them were taken to hospital. A unnamed female parishioner said seven people remained in hospital. (According to rights group ChinaAid, Sept 16).
A statement on the Fushan church's website said some of the injured were unconscious when taken there. Several buildings had been bulldozed and the complex looted, with Bibles, phones and money stolen.
A county executive officer said that, as the church was not licensed, one could not say that it was a "place of worship". It was merely a matter of demolishing an illegal structure "without a land certificate or construction design. The construction department and the land department government had talked to them several times before it was pulled down." he denied any violence had taken place, and refused to give his name to reporters.
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Gansu
Coordinates: 38°0′N 102°20′E / 38°N 102.333°E / 38; 102.333
Gansu (help·info) (simplified Chinese: 甘肃; traditional Chinese: 甘肅; pinyin: Gānsù; Wade–Giles: Kan-su, Kansu, Kan-suh) is a province located in the northwest of the People's Republic of China.
It lies between the Tibetan and Huangtu plateaus, and borders Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, and Ningxia to the north, Xinjiang and Qinghai to the west, Sichuan to the south, and Shaanxi to the east. The Yellow River passes through the southern part of the province.
Gansu has a population of 26 million (2009) and has a large concentration of Hui Chinese, and the historical home, along with Shaanxi of the dialect of the Dungans, who are Hui who migrated to Central Asia. The southwestern corner of Gansu is home to a large Tibetan population. The capital is Lanzhou, located in the southeast part of the province. Gansu is abbreviated as "甘" (Gān) or "陇" (Lǒng), and is also known as Long West or Long Right, in reference to the Long Mountain east of Gansu.
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Gaoping
Gaoping (Chinese: 高平) is a county-level city in Shanxi Province, China with a history stretching back to the Warring States Period (403–221 BCE). Part of the city was formerly known as Changping where a noted battle took place in 260 BCE between forces from the rival States of Qin and Zhao.
Gaoping is also famed as the birthplace of Lord Yan, a legendary figure who was an early leader (or series of leaders) among the ancient Han Chinese.
Gaoping (along with several other locations in China) was traditionally identified as Yan's hometown. Not until the late 20th and early 21st century was Gaoping widely accepted as Yan's birthplace by the global scholarly community.
The hilly area around Gaoping is known as the Sheep's Head Mountains (Chinese: 羊头山), and it is this area that preserves the most concrete evidences of Yan's habitation there. A local temple to a female river spirit has been identified as portraying Yan's daughter Nüwa (Chinese: 女娃) - not to be confused with the goddess Nüwa (Chinese: 女娲) - since the Ming Dynasty. Ancient sources, such as the Guo Yu, record that Yan and his posterity flourished in the area around a river called the "Giang [Jiang] Water". The river is believed by scholars to be the Giang River of old is now called the Jiang River (Chinese: 绛河) or the Jiang Water (Chinese: 降水), and is located in Tunliu County, from whence it flows east into the Zhang River.
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Gu County
Gu County is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Linfen city.
Coordinates: 36°16′03″N 111°55′11″E / 36.2675°N 111.91972°E / 36.2675; 111.91972
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Guangdong
Coordinates: 23°24′N 113°30′E / 23.4°N 113.5°E / 23.4; 113.5
Guangdong is a province on the South China Sea coast of the People's Republic of China. The province was previously often written with the alternative English name Kwangtung Province. It surpassed Henan and Sichuan to become the most populous province in China in January 2005, registering 79 million permanent residents and 31 million migrants who lived in the province for at least six months of the year. The provincial capital Guangzhou and economic hub Shenzhen are amongst the most populous and important cities in China.
Since 1989 Guangdong has topped the total GDP rankings among all provincial-level divisions, with Jiangsu and Shandong second and third in rank. According to provincial annual preliminary statistics, Guangdong's GDP in 2010 reached CNY 4,550 billion, or USD 689.02 billion, making its economy roughly the same size as that of Turkey or Indonesia. Guangdong has the fourth highest GDP per capita among all provinces of mainland China, after Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Liaoning. The province contributes approximately 12% of the PRC's national economic output, and is home to the production facilities and offices of a wide-ranging set of multinational and Chinese corporations. Guangdong also hosts the largest Import and Export Fair in China called the Canton Fair in Guangdong's capital city Guangzhou.
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Guangling County
Guangling County(Chinese: 广灵县) is in the northeast of Shanxi province, China. It is under the administration of Datong city. Guangling is a basin surrounded by Taihang Mountains. The temperature ranges from -34℃ to 38.2℃, average 7℃. Guangling has nine township level divisions. Famous tourist attractions include: Temple of Water God(水神堂), Temple of Holy Spring(圣泉寺), Zhao Great Wall(赵长城). Local products include: papercut, millet, sunflower seeds, dry Tofu etc.
Coordinates: 39°45′31″N 114°16′08″E / 39.7586°N 114.269°E / 39.7586; 114.269
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Gujiao
Gujiao (Chinese: 古交市; pinyin: Gǔjiāo Shì) is a county-level city in Shanxi province, People's Republic of China. It is administered by the prefecture-level city Taiyuan. Gujiao's population in 1990 stood at 173,022. Its estimated current population is 210,000.
Coordinates: 37°54′37″N 112°02′37″E / 37.9104°N 112.0437°E / 37.9104; 112.0437
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Hai River
The Hai River (Chinese: 海河; pinyin: Hǎi Hé; literally "Sea River"), previously called Bai He (Chinese: 白河; pinyin: Bái Hé; literally "White River"; Pei Ho in Western sources), is a river in the People's Republic of China which flows through Beijing and Tianjin before emptying into the Yellow Sea at the Bohai Gulf.
The Hai River at Tianjin is formed by the confluence of five rivers, the Southern Canal, Ziya River, Daqing River, Yongding River, and the Northern Canal. The southern and northern canals are parts of the Grand Canal. The Southern Canal is joined by the Wei River at Linqing. The Northern Canal joins with the Bai He (or Chaobai River) at Tongzhou. The Northern Canal (sharing a channel with Bai He) is also the only waterway from the sea to Beijing. Therefore, early Westerners also called the Hai He the Bai He.
At Tianjin, through the Grand Canal, the Hai connects with the Yellow and Yangtze rivers. The construction of the Grand Canal greatly altered the rivers of the Hai He basin. Previously, the Wei, Ziya Yongding and Bai Rivers flowed separately to the sea. The Grand Canal cut through the lower reaches of these rivers and fused them into one outlet to the sea, in the form of the current Hai He.
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Han Dynasty
The Han Dynasty (simplified Chinese: 汉朝; traditional Chinese: 漢朝; pinyin: Hàn Cháo; Wade–Giles: Han Ch'ao; IPA: [xân tʂʰɑ̌ʊ̯]) (206 BCE – 220 CE) was an imperial dynasty of China, preceded by the Qin Dynasty (221–207 BCE) and succeeded by the Three Kingdoms (220–280 CE). It was founded by the rebel leader Liu Bang, known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu of Han. It was briefly interrupted by the Xin Dynasty (9–23 CE) of the former regent Wang Mang. This interregnum separates the Han into two periods: the Western Han (206 BCE – 9 CE) and Eastern Han (25–220 CE). Spanning over four centuries, the period of the Han Dynasty is considered a golden age in Chinese history. To this day, China's majority ethnic group refers to itself as the "Han people" and Chinese characters are referred to as "Han characters".
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Hanging Temple
Coordinates: 39°39′57″N 113°42′18″E / 39.66583°N 113.705°E / 39.66583; 113.705
The Hanging Temple or Hanging Monastery (simplified Chinese: 悬空寺; traditional Chinese: 懸空寺; pinyin: Xuánkong Sì) is a temple built into a cliff (75 m or 246 ft above the ground) near Mount Heng in Hunyuan County, Shanxi province, China. The closest city is Datong, 64.23 kilometers to the northwest. Along with the Yungang Grottoes, the Hanging Temple is one of the main tourist attractions and historical sites in the Datong area. Built more than 1,500 years ago, this temple is notable not only for its location on a sheer precipice but also because it includes Buddhist, Taoist, and Confucian elements. The structure is kept in place with oak crossbeams fitted into holes chiseled into the cliffs. The main supportive structure was hidden inside the bedrock.
According to the history of Shangshen Mountain, construction of the temple was by only one man, a monk named Liao Ran (了然). Over a history of more than 1,600 years many repairs and extension led to its present day scale. This temple is over 50 meters tall.
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Hebei
Coordinates: 39°18′N 116°42′E / 39.3°N 116.7°E / 39.3; 116.7
Hebei (help·info) (Chinese: 河北; pinyin: Héběi; Postal map spelling: Hopeh) is a province of the People's Republic of China in the North China region. Its one-character abbreviation is "冀" (jì), named after Ji Province, a Han Dynasty province (zhou) that included what is now southern Hebei. The name Hebei means "north of the river", referring to its location completely above the Yellow River.
In 1928, Hebei was formed after the central government dissolved the province of Chih-li (直隸), which means "Directly Ruled (by the Imperial Court)".
Beijing and Tianjin Municipalities, which border each other, were carved out of Hebei. The province borders Liaoning to the northeast, Inner Mongolia to the north, Shanxi to the west, Henan to the south, and Shandong to the southeast. Bohai Bay of the Yellow Sea is to the east. A small part of Hebei, an exclave disjointed from the rest of the province, is wedged between the municipalities of Beijing and Tianjin.
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Hequ County
Hequ County is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Xinzhou city.
Coordinates: 39°16′33″N 111°24′25″E / 39.2758°N 111.407°E / 39.2758; 111.407
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Heshun County
Heshun County is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Jinzhong city.
Coordinates: 37°17′21″N 113°18′18″E / 37.2891°N 113.305°E / 37.2891; 113.305
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Hohhot
Hohhot (Mongolian:
, Chinese: 呼和浩特; pinyin: Hūhéhàotè, abbreviated Hū Shì (Chinese: 呼市); also romanized as Huhehot or Huhhot), is a city in north-central China and the capital of the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region, serving as the region's administrative, economic, and cultural centre.
The city was founded by Mongol ruler Altan Khan in the late 16th century. It was chosen as the region's administrative centre in 1952, replacing Ulanhot. A city with a rich cultural background, Hohhot is known for its historical sites and temples and is one of the major tourist destinations of Inner Mongolia. It is also nationally known as the home of China's dairy giants Mengniu and Yili, and was declared "Dairy Capital of China" by the China Dairy Industry Association and the Dairy Association of China in 2005.
The name of the city in Mongolian means "Blue City." The color blue in Mongolian culture is associated with the sky, eternity and purity; in Chinese, the name can be translated as Qīng Chéng (Chinese: 青城), literally, "Blue/Green City."
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Hong Kong
Coordinates: 22°16′42″N 114°09′32″E / 22.27833°N 114.15889°E / 22.27833; 114.15889
Hong Kong (Chinese: 香港) is one of two special administrative regions (SARs) of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the other being Macau. A city-state situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is known for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour. With a land mass of 1,104 km2 (426 sq mi) and a population of seven million people, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Hong Kong's population is 95 percent ethnic Chinese and 5 percent from other groups. Hong Kong's Han Chinese majority originate mainly from the cities of Guangzhou and Taishan in the neighbouring Guangdong province.
Hong Kong became a colony of the British Empire after the First Opium War (1839–42). Originally confined to Hong Kong Island, the colony's boundaries were extended in stages to the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 and then the New Territories in 1898. It was occupied by Japan during the Pacific War, after which the British resumed control until 1997, when China resumed sovereignty. The region espoused minimum government intervention under the ethos of positive non-interventionism during the colonial era. The time period greatly influenced the current culture of Hong Kong, often described as "East meets West", and the educational system, which used to loosely follow the system in England until reforms implemented in 2009.
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Hongdong County
Hongdong County (Chinese: 洪洞县; Pinyin: Hóngdòng Xiàn) is a county in Linfen, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
The second ideograph in the name of Hongdong County (Chinese: 洞) is always pronounced Pinyin: Tóng, instead of Dòng by local people, including local people who speaks standard mandarin. The official website of the County Government uses Hóngtóng for domain name, complying local accent.
Coordinates: 36°19′12″N 111°40′12″E / 36.32°N 111.67°E / 36.32; 111.67
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Houma, Shanxi
Houma (Chinese: 侯马; Pinyin: Hóumǎ) is a city in the Shanxi province on the People's Republic of China, on the Fen River south of Linfen. It is 274 km large and has a population of 102,400.
Near Houma is Xintian, the capital of the state of Jin, founded in 589 or 585 and abandoned in 376 BC. Ancient bronzeware workshops have been found here.
Coordinates: 35°36′N 111°21′E / 35.6°N 111.35°E / 35.6; 111.35
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Huairen County
Huairen County is a district of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Shuozhou city.
Coordinates: 39°49′40″N 113°06′00″E / 39.8279°N 113.1°E / 39.8279; 113.1
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Huang He
The Yellow River or Huang He, formerly spelled Hwang Ho, is the second-longest river in China after the Yangtze and the sixth-longest in the world at the estimated length of 5,464 kilometers (3,395 mi). Originating in the Bayan Har Mountains in Qinghai Province in western China, it flows through nine provinces of China and empties into the Bohai Sea. The Yellow River basin has an east-west extent of 1900 km (1,180 mi) and a north-south extent of 1100 km (684 mi). Its total basin area is 742,443 km² (290,520 mi²).
The Yellow River is called "the cradle of Chinese civilization" as its basin – specifically, the Wei valley that cuts across the long Ordos loop – was the birthplace of ancient Chinese civilizations and the most prosperous region in early Chinese history. However, frequent devastating floods and course changes produced by the continual elevation of the river bed, sometimes above the level of its surrounding fields has also earned it the unenviable names "China's Sorrow" and "Scourge of the Sons of Han."
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Hubei
Hubei (help·info) (Chinese: 湖北; pinyin: Húběi; Wade–Giles: Hu-pei; Postal map spelling: Hupeh) is a province in Central China. The name of the province means "north of the lake", referring to its position north of Lake Dongting. The provincial capital is Wuhan.
Hubei is officially abbreviated to "鄂" (È), an ancient name associated with the eastern part of the province since the Qin dynasty, while a popular name for Hubei is "楚" (Chǔ), after the powerful state of Chu that existed here during the Eastern Zhou dynasty. It borders Henan to the north, Anhui to the east, Jiangxi to the southeast, Hunan to the south, Chongqing to the west, and Shaanxi to the northwest. The high-profile Three Gorges Dam is located at Yichang, in the west of the province.
By the Spring and Autumn Period (770 BC - 476 BC), the territory of today's Hubei was part of the powerful state of Chu. Chu was nominally a tributary state of the Zhou Dynasty, and it was itself an extension of the Chinese civilization that had emerged some centuries before in the north; but it was also culturally unique, and was a powerful state that held onto much of the middle and lower Yangtze River, with power extending northwards into the North China Plain.
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Huguan County
Huguan County is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Changzhi city.
Coordinates: 35°58′26″N 113°20′10″E / 35.974°N 113.336°E / 35.974; 113.336
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Hukou Waterfall
The Hukou Waterfall (simplified Chinese: 壶口瀑布; traditional Chinese: 壺口瀑布; pinyin: Hǔkǒu Pùbù), the largest waterfall on the Yellow River, China, the “second largest” waterfall in China (after the Huangguoshu Waterfall, Detian – Ban Gioc Falls, etc.), is located at the intersection of Shanxi Province and Shaanxi Province, 165 km (103 mi) to the west of Fenxi City, and 50 km (31 mi) to the east of Yichuan. The Hukou Waterfall exists where water in the middle reaches of the Yellow River flows through Jinxia Grand Canyon. The width of the waterfall changes with the season, usually 30 metres (98 ft) wide but increasing to 50 m (164 ft) during flood season. It has a height of over 20 m (66 ft). When the Yellow River approaches the Hukou Mountain, blocked by mountains on both sides, its width is abruptly narrowed down to 20 m (66 ft) - 30 m (98 ft). The water's velocity increases, and then plunges over a narrow opening on a cliff, forming a waterfall 15 m (49 ft) high and 20 m (66 ft) wide, as if water were pouring down from a huge teapot. Hence it gets the name Hukou (literally, Flask Mouth) Waterfall.
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Hunyuan
Hunyuan County is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Datong prefecture-level city.
Coordinates: 39°41′N 113°41′E / 39.69°N 113.68°E / 39.69; 113.68
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Hunyuan County
Hunyuan County is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Datong prefecture-level city.
Coordinates: 39°41′N 113°41′E / 39.69°N 113.68°E / 39.69; 113.68
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Inner Mongolia
Coordinates: 44°N 113°E / 44°N 113°E / 44; 113
Inner Mongolia (Mongolian: s
, Öbür Monggol and c Өвөр Монгол, Övör Mongol; Chinese: 内蒙古; pinyin: Nèi Měnggǔ, but officially romanized to Nei Mongol) is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China, located in the northern region of the country. Inner Mongolia shares an international border with the countries of Mongolia and the Russian Federation. Its capital is Hohhot and the largest city is Baotou.
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was established in 1947 on the area of former Republic of China provinces of Suiyuan, Chahar, Rehe, Liaobei and Xing'an along with the northern parts of Gansu and Ningxia. It is the third-largest subdivision of China spanning about 1,200,000 km² (463,000 sq mi) or 12% of China's total land area. It has a population of about 24 million as of 2004. The majority of the population in the region are Han Chinese, with a substantial Mongol minority. The official languages are Chinese and Mongolian, the latter written in the Mongolian script, as opposed to the Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet used in the state of Mongolia.
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Ji County, Shanxi
Ji County, Shanxi is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Linfen city.
Coordinates: 36°09′32″N 110°41′35″E / 36.159°N 110.693°E / 36.159; 110.693
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Jiancaoping District
Jiancaoping District is a district of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Taiyuan city.
Coordinates: 37°56′40″N 112°28′57″E / 37.94444°N 112.4825°E / 37.94444; 112.4825
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Jiang County
Jiang County is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Yuncheng city.
Coordinates: 35°29′03″N 111°37′41″E / 35.48417°N 111.62806°E / 35.48417; 111.62806
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Jiaocheng County
Jiaocheng County is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Lüliang city.
Coordinates: 37°40′N 111°50′E / 37.66°N 111.84°E / 37.66; 111.84
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Jiaokou County
Jiaokou County (simplified Chinese: 交口县; traditional Chinese: 交口縣; pinyin: Jiāokǒu Xiàn) is a county in Lüliang City, Shanxi province, China.
Jiaokou county includes the towns:
and the townships:
Jiaokou county was developed in 1971. The local government is in Shuitou.
Sea buckthorn is a famous wild plant which grows locally. Its juice has a special flavor, so some local factories produce and sell it; one of these companies is Weishijie.
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Jiexiu
Jiexiu is a county-level city of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Jinzhong city.
Coordinates: 37°01′37″N 111°55′01″E / 37.027°N 111.917°E / 37.027; 111.917
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Jingle County
Jingle County is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Xinzhou city.
Coordinates: 38°23′45″N 112°05′09″E / 38.39583°N 112.08583°E / 38.39583; 112.08583
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Jinyuan District
Jinyuan District is a district of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Taiyuan city.
Coordinates: 37°43′42″N 112°28′36″E / 37.72833°N 112.47667°E / 37.72833; 112.47667
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Jishan County
Jishan County is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Yuncheng city.
Coordinates: 35°34′54″N 110°57′29″E / 35.5817°N 110.958°E / 35.5817; 110.958
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Kelan County
Kelan County (Simplified Chinese: 岢岚县,Traditional Chinese:岢嵐縣) is a county in Xinzhou Prefecture, Shanxi Province of China.
Area: 1984 km2.
Population: 80,000
Postal Code: 036300
Telephone Area Code: 0350
The county government is located in Lanyi town.
Coordinates: 38°44′41″N 111°34′45″E / 38.74472°N 111.57917°E / 38.74472; 111.57917
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Lan County
Lan County is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Lüliang city.
Coordinates: 38°16′46″N 111°40′16″E / 38.27944°N 111.67111°E / 38.27944; 111.67111
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Later Liang Dynasty
The Later Liang (simplified Chinese: 后梁; traditional Chinese: 後梁; pinyin: Hòu Liáng) (June 1, 907–923) was one of the Five Dynasties during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period in China. It was founded by Zhu Wen, posthumously known as Taizu of Later Liang, after he forced the last emperor of the Tang dynasty to abdicate in his favour (and then murdered him). The Later Liang dynasty would last until 923 when it was destroyed by the Later Tang Dynasty.
Zhu Wen initially allied himself as Huang Chao’s lieutenant. However, he took Huang’s best troops and established his own power base as a warlord in Kaifeng. By 904, he had exerted control over both of the twin Tang Dynasty capitals of Chang'an and Luoyang. Tang emperor Zhaozong was ordered murdered by Zhu in 904 and the last Tang emperor, Ai Di (Emperor Ai of Tang), was deposed three years later. Emperor Ai of Tang was murdered in 908, also ordered by Zhu.
Meanwhile, Zhu Wen declared himself emperor of the new Later Liang in Kaifeng in 907. The name Liang refers to the Henan region in which the heart of the regime rested.
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Later Tang Dynasty
The Later Tang Dynasty was a short-lived dynasty that lasted from 923 to 936 as one of the five dynasties during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. It was also the first in a series of three dynasties ruled by the Shatuo. At its height, it controlled most of northern China.
From the fall of the Tang Dynasty in 907, a rivalry had developed between the successor Later Liang Dynasty, formed by Zhu Wen and the State of Jin by Li Keyong in present-day Shanxi. That rivalry was not quelled by the death of Li Keyong. His son, Li Cunxu continued to expand Jin territories at the expense of the Later Liang. The fact that an alliance forged by Li Keyong with the powerful Khitan, who, like the Shatuo, were also a people of the northern steppe, was maintained, figured significantly in the expansion and ultimate triumph of the Shatuo.
Li Cunxu was successful in overthrowing the Later Liang Dynasty in 923 and proclaimed himself emperor of the Later Tang Dynasty, which he referred to as the “Restored Tang”. As a part of “restoring the Tang”, the capital was moved back to the old Tang eastern capital of Luoyang.
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Later Yan
The Later Yan (simplified Chinese: 后燕; traditional Chinese: 後燕; pinyin: Hòuyàn; 384-407 or 409) was a Murong-Xianbei state, located in modern day northeast China, during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms in China.
All rulers of the Later Yan declared themselves "emperors". Later Yan fell to the Goguryeo dynasty.
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Later Zhao
The Later Zhao (simplified Chinese: 后赵; traditional Chinese: 後趙; pinyin: Hòuzhào; 319-351) was a state of the Sixteen Kingdoms during the Jin Dynasty (265-420) in China. It was founded by the Shi family of the Jie ethnicity. The Later Zhao was the second in territories to the Former Qin that once unified Northern China under Fu Jiān.
When Later Zhao was founded by Shi Le, the capital was at Xiangguo (襄國, in modern Xintai, Hebei), but in 335 Shi Hu moved the capital to Yecheng (鄴城, in modern Handan, Hebei), where it would remain for the rest of the state's history (except for Shi Zhi's brief attempt to revive the state at Xiangguo).
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Later Zhou Dynasty
The Later Zhou Dynasty (Simplified Chinese 后周; Traditional Chinese 後周; pinyin Hòu Zhōu) was the last a succession of five dynasties that controlled most of northern China during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, which lasted from 907 to 960 and bridged the gap between the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty.
Guo Wei, a Han Chinese, served as the Assistant Military Commissioner at the court of the Later Han Dynasty, a regime ruled by Shatuo Turks. A teenager came to the throne of the Later Han in 948 after the death of the founding emperor, Gaozu. Guo Wei led a successful coup against the teenage emperor and declared himself emperor of the new Later Zhou Dynasty on New Year’s Day in 951.
Guo Wei, posthumously known as Emperor Taizu of Later Zhou, was the first Han Chinese ruler of northern China since 923. He is regarded as an able leader who attempted reforms designed to alleviate burdens faced by the peasantry. His rule was vigorous and well-organized. However, it was also a short reign. His death from illness in 954 ended his three year reign.
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Liao Dynasty
The Liao Dynasty (simplified Chinese: 辽朝; traditional Chinese: 遼朝; pinyin: Liáo Cháo; Khitan language: Mos Jælut), also known as the Khitan Empire (simplified Chinese: 契丹国; traditional Chinese: 契丹國; pinyin: Qìdān Guó; Khitan: Mos diau-d kitai huldʒi gur), was an empire in East Asia that ruled over Mongolia and portions of Kazakhstan, the Russian Far East, and northern China proper between 907–1125. It was founded by the Khitan Great Khan Abaoji around the time of the collapse of the Han Chinese Tang Dynasty.
The Liao Empire was destroyed by the Jurchen of the Jin Dynasty in 1125. However, remnants of its people, led by Yelü Dashi, established Western Liao Dynasty, also known as Kara-Khitan Khanate, which ruled over parts of Central Asia for almost a century before being conquered by Genghis Khan's Mongolian army.
The Khitan were a Mongolic tribe who originally formed a part of Tanshihuai's Xianbei state before submitting along with the Kumo Xi to the Yuwen chieftains after the state's disintegration. They considered themselves descendants of the legendary Qishou Khagan, who was descended from Tanshihuai (reigned 157–181). The Kumo Xi and Khitan separated as one body from the Yuwen after the Yuwen were defeated by Murong Huang of the Murong tribe in 344. In 388 the Khitan separated from the Kumo Xi. This began the written history of the Khitan as an independent tribe. In the period of Zhenjun (r. 440–449) they 'asked for paying tribute' (any presentation of gifts by foreigners were seen as submissive 'tribute') and presented famous steeds to the court of the Northern Wei. In the Xianzu period (466–470) Mofuhe Hechen of the Khitan leading the eight Khitan tribes (Xiwandan, Hedahe, Fufuyu, Yuling, Rilian, Pijie, Li and Tuliuyu) presented famous steeds and high quality fur to the Northern Wei at their capital Datong and the Khitan were 'allowed' to trade in the area of modern-day Miyun County of Beijing City.
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Liaoning
Coordinates: 41°06′N 122°18′E / 41.1°N 122.3°E / 41.1; 122.3
Liaoning (help·info) (simplified Chinese: 辽宁; traditional Chinese: 遼寧; pinyin: Liáoníng; Manchu: ᠯᡳᠶᠣᠣ ᠨᡳᠩ, Liyoo ning) is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the northeast of the country. Its one-character abbreviation is "辽" (pinyin: liáo), a name taken from the Liao River that flows through the province. "Níng" means "peace". The modern province was established in 1907 as Fengtian province (奉天 pinyin: Fèngtiān; Postal map spelling: Fengtien; Manchu: ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ ᡳᠮᡳᠶᠠᠩᡤᠠ, Abkai imiyangga) and the name was changed to Liaoning in 1929. Under the Japanese puppet Manchukuo regime, the province reverted to its 1907 name, but the name Liaoning was restored in 1945.
Liaoning is located in the southern part of the Northeast, and is often called "the Golden Triangle" because of its superior geographical location, with the Yellow Sea (Korea Bay) and the Bohai Sea in the south, North Korea in the southeast, Jilin province to the northeast, Hebei province to the west, and Inner Mongolia to the northwest. The Yalu River marks the border between North Korea and the province. It empties into the Korea Bay between Dandong, Liaoning and Sinŭiju, North Korea.
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Licheng County
Licheng County (Chinese: 黎城县; pinyin: Líchéng Xiàn) is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Changzhi city.
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Lin County, Shanxi
Lin County (Chinese: 临县; pinyin: Lín Xiàn) is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Lüliang city.
Coordinates: 37°58′N 110°57′E / 37.967°N 110.95°E / 37.967; 110.95
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Lingqiu County
Lingqiu County is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Datong city.
Coordinates: 39°26′33″N 114°14′04″E / 39.4425°N 114.23444°E / 39.4425; 114.23444
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Lingshi County
Lingshi County is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Jinzhong city.
Coordinates: 36°50′56″N 111°46′35″E / 36.84889°N 111.77639°E / 36.84889; 111.77639
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Linyi County, Shanxi
Linyi County, Shanxi is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Yuncheng city.
Coordinates: 35°08′39″N 110°46′28″E / 35.14417°N 110.77444°E / 35.14417; 110.77444
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Lishi District
Lishi District (Chinese: 离石区; Pinyin: Líshí Qū) is a district of Lüliang, Shanxi, China. The district is a major hub for the coal industry in Lüliang as well as an administrative center for the prefecture.
Lishi sports three major supermarkets to purchase groceries. These are:
Kaixinyu - a large chain with three outlets in the city. Kaixinyu is popular for low prices though its selection, especially of foreign products and of fresh produce, is particularly low.
Jiajiali - Jiajiale is a slightly more up-scale supermarket that banks on high-grade products. It is probably the most expensive supermarket in the Lishi City region.
Meijiale - Meijiale is the largest supermarket in Lishi city. It is not quite as expensive as Jiajiale although it is more expensive than Kiaxinyu. Of the three supermarkets it has the best selection of fresh produce and meats although it is still of secondary quality to the open air markets that are spread throughout the city.
Lishi is host to a wide variety of restaurants. There are numerous dining options in the city from the level of roadside venders operating out of the back of an electric bike up to up-scale restaurants connected to the many expensive hotels in the city. Some of the most notable fascets of Lishi dining include:
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Liulin County
Liulin (Chinese: 柳林; pinyin: Liǔlín is a county of western Shanxi province, China, bordering Shaanxi province (and the Yellow River) to the west. It is under the administration of Lüliang city.
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Loufan County
Loufan County is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Taiyuan city.
Coordinates: 38°04′07″N 111°47′51″E / 38.06861°N 111.7975°E / 38.06861; 111.7975
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Lucheng, Changzhi
Lucheng (潞城, pinyin: Lùchéng) is a county-level city in southern Shanxi province of the People's Republic of China. It covers an area of 615 km² and has a population of 210,000. It is a division of the prefecture-level city of Changzhi which was founded in 1994. Lucheng's economy is driven by coal and limestone mining.
A village in Lucheng county, Zhangzhuangcun (张庄村, pinyin: Zhāngzhuāngcūn), sometimes translated as Long Bow Village, was made famous by the book Fanshen written by William H. Hinton. The book chronicles the changes Zhangzhuangcun underwent after the defeat of occupying Japanese forces by the communist Eighth Route Army and the ensuing land reform movement by the Communist Party of China. Hinton documented his return to Zhangchuangcun years later in Shenfan, chronicling what had happened in the years since and describing how the Cultural Revolution affected the village.
Coordinates: 36°19′49.57″N 113°13′38.25″E / 36.3304361°N 113.2272917°E / 36.3304361; 113.2272917
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Lüliang
Lüliang (simplified Chinese: 吕梁; traditional Chinese: 呂梁; pinyin: Lǚliáng) is a prefecture-level city in the west of Shanxi province, People's Republic of China, bordering Shaanxi province to the west, Jinzhong and the provincial capital of Taiyuan to the east, Linfen to the south, and Xinzhou to the north. It has a total area of 21,000 square kilometers and total population of 3,600,000.
Lüliang has direct jurisdiction over 1 district, 2 county-level cities, and 10 counties:
Lüliang has a monsoon-influenced continental climate, that, under the Köppen climate classification, falls on the borderline between the semi-arid (Köppen BSk) and humid continental (Dwa) regimes, and features large diurnal temperature variation. Winters are cold and very dry, while summers are hot and slightly humid. The monthly daily average temperature ranges from −7.5 °C (18.5 °F) in January to 23.3 °C (73.9 °F) in July, while the annual mean is 9.13 °C (48.4 °F). Close to three-fourths of the annual precipitation occurs from June to September.
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Macau
Coordinates: 22°10′N 113°33′E / 22.167°N 113.55°E / 22.167; 113.55
Macau (Chinese: 澳門), also spelled Macao ( /məˈkaʊ/), is one of the two special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China, the other being Hong Kong. Macau lies on the western side of the Pearl River Delta across from Hong-Kong which is to the east, bordering Guangdong province to the north and facing the South China Sea to the east and south.
The territory's economy is heavily dependent on gambling and tourism, but also includes manufacturing.
Macau is a former Portuguese colony, and is both the first and last European colony in China. Portuguese traders first settled in Macau in the 16th century and subsequently administered the region until the handover on 20 December 1999. The Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration and the Basic Law of Macau stipulate that Macau operates with a high degree of autonomy until at least 2049, fifty years after the transfer. Macau was first lent by the Chinese empire as a trading port in the 16th century, and had to administer the city under Chinese authority and sovereignty. In 1887, Macau became a colony of the Portuguese empire and its sovereignty transferred to the Portuguese.
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Matsu Islands
The Matsu Islands (simplified Chinese: 马祖列岛; traditional Chinese: 馬祖列島; pinyin: Mǎzǔ Lièdǎo; Fuzhou dialect: Mā-cū liĕk-dō̤ or less frequently, simplified Chinese: 马祖群岛; traditional Chinese: 馬祖群島; pinyin: Mǎzǔ Qúndǎo; Fuzhou dialect: 馬祖島 Mā-cū-dō̤) are a minor archipelago of 19 islands and islets in the Taiwan Strait administered as Lienchiang County (連江縣; Lièng-gŏng-gâing) under Fujian Province of the Republic of China (Taiwan). Only a small area of what is historically Lienchiang County is under the control of the ROC. The People's Republic of China (AKA "China") controls the part of the county on mainland China and has a separate administration for that jurisdiction, Lianjiang County, which claims the entire archipelago to be its Mazu Township (馬祖鄉; Mā-cū-hiŏng).
They are named after the goddess Mazu. Kinmen is the other archipelago on the Fujian coast controlled by the ROC.
Fujianese Mainlanders started migrating to the islands during the Yuan Dynasty. Most people on Matsu came from Houguan (侯官) (today Changle County (長樂縣 Diòng-lŏ̤h-gâing), Fujian).
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Ming Dynasty
The Ming Dynasty, also Empire of the Great Ming, was the ruling dynasty of China for 276 years (1368–1644) following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty. The Ming, described by some as "one of the greatest eras of orderly government and social stability in human history", was the last dynasty in China ruled by ethnic Han Chinese. Although the Ming capital Beijing fell in 1644 to a rebellion led by Li Zicheng (who established the Shun Dynasty, soon replaced by the Manchu-led Qing Dynasty), regimes loyal to the Ming throne—collectively called the Southern Ming—survived until 1662.
Ming rule saw the construction of a vast navy and a standing army of one million troops. Although private maritime trade and official tribute missions from China had taken place in previous dynasties, the tributary fleet under the Muslim eunuch admiral Zheng He in the 15th century far surpassed all others in size. There were enormous construction projects, including the restoration of the Grand Canal and the Great Wall and the establishment of the Forbidden City in Beijing during the first quarter of the 15th century. Estimates for the late-Ming population vary from 160 to 200 million.
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Nanjiao District
Nanjiao District is a district of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Datong city.
Coordinates: 40°00′19″N 113°09′00″E / 40.00528°N 113.15°E / 40.00528; 113.15
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Ningwu County
Ningwu County is a district of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Xinzhou city.
Coordinates: 39°00′19″N 112°18′08″E / 39.00528°N 112.30222°E / 39.00528; 112.30222
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Northern Han
The Northern Han kingdom (simplified Chinese: 北汉; traditional Chinese: 北漢; pinyin: Běi Hàn) is a state of the Ten Kingdoms in the Period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. It was founded by Liu Min (劉旻), formerly known as Liu Chong (劉崇), and lasted from 951 – 979.
The Shatuo Turks had ruled most of northern China since 923 through the Later Tang Dynasty, Later Jin Dynasty, and the Later Han Dynasty. The short-lived Later Han Dynasty fell in 950. Liu Min founded the Northern Han Kingdom, sometimes referred to as the Eastern Han, in 951 claiming that he was the legitimate heir to the imperial throne of the Later Han Dynasty. Liu Min immediately restored the traditional relationship the Shatuo Turks had with the Khitans, who had founded the Liao Dynasty.
The Northern Han was a small kingdom located in Shanxi with its capital located at Taiyuan. Shanxi had been a traditional base of power since the fading days of the Tang Dynasty in the late ninth century and early tenth century. It was wedged between the two major powers of the day, the Liao Dynasty to the north and the Song Dynasty to the south. It also shared a border with the Tangut kingdom of Western Xia.
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Northern Wei Dynasty
The Northern Wei Dynasty (Chinese: 北魏朝; pinyin: Běi Wèi Cháo), also known as the Tuoba Wei (拓拔魏), Later Wei (後魏), or Yuan Wei (元魏), was a dynasty which ruled northern China from 386 to 534 (de jure until 535). Described as "part of an era of political turbulence and intense social and cultural change", the Northern Wei Dynasty is particularly noted for unifiying northern China in 439: this was also a period of introduced foreign ideas; such as Buddhism, which became firmly established. Many antiques and art works, both Daoist and Buddhist, from this period have survived. During the Taihe period (477-499) of Emperor Xiaowen, court advisers instituted sweeping reforms and introduced changes that eventually led to the dynasty moving its capital from Datong to Luoyang, in 494. It was the time of the construction of the Buddhist cave sites of Yungang by Datong during the mid-to-late 5th century, and towards the latter part of the dynasty, the Longmen Caves outside the later capital city of Luoyang, in which more than 30,000 Buddhist images from the time of this dynasty have been found. It is thought the dynasty originated from the Tuoba clan of the Xianbei tribe. The Tuoba renamed themselves the Yuan as a part of systematic Sinicization. Towards the end of the dynasty there was significant internal dissension resulting in a split into Eastern Wei Dynasty and Western Wei Dynasty.
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Pianguan County
Pianguan County is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Xinzhou city.
Coordinates: 39°26′06″N 111°30′45″E / 39.435°N 111.5125°E / 39.435; 111.5125
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Pingding County
Coordinates: 37°48′0″N 113°37′0″E / 37.8°N 113.616667°E / 37.8; 113.616667 Pingding County (Chinese: 平定县) is a county in Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China under the jurisdiction of the city of Yangquan.
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Pinglu County
Pinglu County (Chinese: 平陆县; pinyin: Pínglù Xiàn) is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Yuncheng city.
Coordinates: 34°53′53″N 111°11′38″E / 34.898°N 111.194°E / 34.898; 111.194
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Pinglu District
Pinglu District (Chinese: 平鲁区; pinyin: Pínglǔ Qū) is a district of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Shuozhou city.
Coordinates: 39°30′44″N 112°17′17″E / 39.5122°N 112.288°E / 39.5122; 112.288
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Pingshun County
Pingshun County is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Changzhi city.
Coordinates: 36°12′00″N 113°26′12″E / 36.2°N 113.43667°E / 36.2; 113.43667
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Pingyao
Pingyao (Chinese: 平遥; pinyin: Píngyáo) is a county in central Shanxi province, People's Republic of China. It lies about 715 kilometres (444 mi) from Beijing and 80 kilometres (50 mi) from the provincial capital, Taiyuan. During the Qing Dynasty, Pingyao was a financial center of China. Its history dates back 2,700 years, and is one of the best preserved ancient cities in the known world. It is still inhabited by 50,000 residents and is renowned for its well-preserved ancient city wall, and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Pingyao still retains its city layout from the Ming and Qing dynasties, conforming to a typical bagua pattern. More than 300 sites in or near the city have ancient ruins. Preserved Ming- and Qing-style residences number close to 4,000. The streets and storefronts still largely retain their historical appearance.
In the Spring and Autumn Period, the county belonged to the kingdom of Jin. It was part of the kingdom of Zhao in the Warring States Period. In the Qin Dynasty, it was known as Pingtao. During the Han Dynasty, it was known as Zhongdu county. In 1986, the People's Republic of China designated Pingyao as one of the Chinese Historic and Cultural Cities. It became a World Heritage Site in 1997, including the outlying Zhenguo Temple and Shuanglin Temple.
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Pu County
Pu County (Chinese: 蒲县; pinyin: Pú Xiàn) is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Linfen city.
Coordinates: 36°24′47″N 111°05′55″E / 36.41306°N 111.09861°E / 36.41306; 111.09861
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Qi County, Shanxi
Qi County, Shanxi is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Jinzhong city.
Coordinates: 37°21′15″N 112°18′43″E / 37.3542°N 112.312°E / 37.3542; 112.312
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Qin County
Qin County is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Changzhi city.
It comprises the towns of Dingchang (定昌镇), Guocun (郭村镇), Guxian (故县镇), Xindian (新店镇), Zhangyuan (漳源镇), and Cecun (册村镇) and the townships of Duanliu (段柳乡), Songcun (松村乡), Cicun (次村乡), Niusi (牛寺乡), Nanli (南里乡), Nanquan (南泉乡), and Yang'an (杨安乡).
Coordinates: 36°45′23″N 112°41′50″E / 36.75639°N 112.69722°E / 36.75639; 112.69722
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Qing Dynasty
The Qing Dynasty was the last imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917. It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China.
The dynasty was founded by the Jurchen Aisin Gioro clan in contemporary Northeastern China. The Aisin Gioro leader, Nurhachi, who was originally a vassal of the Ming emperors, began unifying the Jurchen clans in the late sixteenth century. By 1635, Nurhachi's son Hong Taiji could claim they constituted a single and united Manchu people and began forcing the Ming out of Liaoning in southern Manchuria. In 1644, the Ming capital Beijing was sacked by a peasant revolt led by Li Zicheng, a former minor Ming official who became the leader of the peasant revolt, who then proclaimed the Shun dynasty. The last Ming ruler, the Chongzhen Emperor, committed suicide when the city fell. When Li Zicheng moved against Ming general Wu Sangui, the latter made an alliance with the Manchus and opened the Shanhai Pass to the Manchurian army. Under Prince Dorgon, they seized control of Beijing and overthrew Li Zicheng's short-lived Shun Dynasty. Complete pacification of China was accomplished around 1683 under the Kangxi Emperor.
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Qingxu County
Qingxu County is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Taiyuan city.
Coordinates: 37°36′26″N 112°21′31″E / 37.60722°N 112.35861°E / 37.60722; 112.35861
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Qinshui County
Qinshui County is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Jincheng city.
Coordinates: 35°41′31″N 112°11′08″E / 35.69194°N 112.18556°E / 35.69194; 112.18556
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Qinyuan County
Qinyuan County is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Changzhi city.
Coordinates: 36°30′02″N 112°20′19″E / 36.50056°N 112.33861°E / 36.50056; 112.33861
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Quwo County
Quwo County is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Linfen city. The town of Quwo is in the Fen River valley about 30 miles south of Linfen and about 10 miles east of the point where the Fen River turns west. From 745 to 677 BC Quwo was a state that broke off from the State of Jin.
Coordinates: 35°38′04″N 111°28′01″E / 35.6344°N 111.467°E / 35.6344; 111.467
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Republic of China
Taiwan (i/ˌtaɪˈwɑːn/ TY-WAHN; Chinese: 臺灣 or 台灣; pinyin: Táiwān; see below), officially the Republic of China (ROC; Chinese: 中華民國; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Mínguó), is a state in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China now governs the island of Taiwan (formerly known as Formosa), which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu, and other minor islands. Neighboring states include the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the east and northeast, and the Philippines to the south. Taipei is the capital city and economic and cultural centre of the country, and New Taipei is the most populous city.
The earliest evidence of inhabitation of Taiwan dates back to the late Paleolithic era. The island of Taiwan was mainly inhabited by Taiwanese aborigines before being colonized in the 17th century by the Dutch and the Spanish Empire. The first Han Chinese polity on Taiwan began when Koxinga's troops defeated Dutch forces and established the Kingdom of Tungning. The island was subsequently ruled by the Qing Dynasty after the kingdom's defeat in the Battle of Penghu in 1683, a period that lasted for over 200 years. Following Japan's victory over the Qing Dynasty in the first Sino-Japanese war, Taiwan was ceded to Japan under the Treaty of Shimonoseki in 1895.
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Ruicheng County
Ruicheng County (simplified Chinese: 芮城县; traditional Chinese: 芮城縣; pinyin: Ruìchéng Xiàn) is located in the Shanxi province of China. The town of Ruicheng has the following features:
Yongle Gong (Palace of Eternal Joy), is a Taoist temple noted for the wall paintings inside its three main halls. It was moved to Ruicheng in 1959 to preserve it when the Sanmenxia Dam was built, putting the town of Yongle, the previous location of the temple, under water. The temple is 4 km north of the town on the main road.
The Yellow River lies just south of Ruicheng. A pumping station on the river doubles as a monument to Yu the Great, the legendary figure credited with controlling the course of the Yellow River and saving many lives in the process.
Apples are to be found in abbundance in Ruicheng, being the most popular variety of fruit grown by local farmers.
Coordinates: 34°41′31″N 110°41′36″E / 34.69194°N 110.69333°E / 34.69194; 110.69333
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Shaanxi
Shaanxi (help·info) (simplified Chinese: 陕西; traditional Chinese: 陝西; pinyin: Shǎnxī; Wade–Giles: Shan-hsi; Postal map spelling: Shensi) is a province in the central part of Mainland China, and it includes portions of the Loess Plateau on the middle reaches of the Yellow River in addition to the Qinling Mountains across the southern part of this province. Shaanxi is the historical home, along with Gansu of the dialect of the Dungans, of the Hui people, who emigrated out of China to Central Asia.
By regular Hanyu Pinyin rules, if tone marks are not written, both Shaanxi and the neighbouring province of Shanxi, to the east of Shaanxi, should be spelled "Shanxi"; the difference is in tone: Shānxī (山西) and Shǎnxī (陕西). To make the difference clear without tonal marks, the spelling "Shaanxi" was contrived (following the romanization system of Yuen Ren Chao) for the province of Shǎnxī, while "Shanxi" is used for the province of Shānxī. Shaanxi is the official spelling on Chinese Government's official web portal. This makes "Shaanxi" the only name of Chinese provinces that has not been romanized according to pinyin rules.
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Shandong
Coordinates: 36°24′N 118°24′E / 36.4°N 118.4°E / 36.4; 118.4
Shandong (help·info) (simplified Chinese: 山东; traditional Chinese: 山東; pinyin: Shāndōng; Wade–Giles: Shan1-tung1) is a coastal province of the People's Republic of China, and is part of the East China region. Shandong has played a major role in Chinese history from the beginning of Chinese civilization along the lower reaches of the Yellow River and served as a pivotal cultural and religious site for Taoism, Chinese Buddhism, and Confucianism. Shandong's Mount Tai is the most revered mountain of Taoism and one of the world's sites with the longest history of continuous religious worship. The Buddhist temples in the mountains to the south of the provincial capital of Jinan were once among the foremost Buddhist sites in China. The city of Qufu is the birthplace of Confucius, and was later established as the center of Confucianism. Shandong's location at the intersection of ancient as well as modern north-south and east-west trading routes have helped to establish it as an economic center. After a period of political instability and economic hardship that began in the late 19th century, Shandong has emerged as one of the most populous (95,793,065 inhabitants at the 2010 Census) and most affluent provinces in the People's Republic of China (GDP of 3.94 trillion CNY in 2010).
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Shanghai
Shanghai is the largest city by population of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the largest city proper by population in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities of the PRC, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010. It is a global city, with influence in commerce, culture, finance, media, fashion, technology, and transport. It is a major financial center and the busiest container port in the world.
Located in the Yangtze River Delta in eastern China, Shanghai sits at the mouth of the Yangtze River in the middle portion of the Chinese coast. The municipality borders Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces to the west, and is bounded to the east by the East China Sea.
Once a fishing and textiles town, Shanghai grew in importance in the 19th century due to European recognition of its favorable port location and economic potential. The city was one of several opened to foreign trade following the British victory over China in the first opium war and the subsequent 1842 Treaty of Nanking which allowed the establishment of the Shanghai International Settlement. The city then flourished as a center of commerce between east and west, and became the undisputed financial hub of the Asia Pacific in the 1930s. However, with the Communist Party takeover of the mainland in 1949, the city's international influence declined. In the 1990s, the economic reforms introduced by Deng Xiaoping resulted in an intense re-development of the city, aiding the return of finance and foreign investment to the city.
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Shanxi
Coordinates: 37°42′N 112°24′E / 37.7°N 112.4°E / 37.7; 112.4
Shanxi (help·info) (Chinese: 山西; pinyin: Shānxī; Wade–Giles: Shan-hsi; Postal map spelling: Shansi) is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the North China region. Its one-character abbreviation is "晋" (pinyin: Jìn), after the state of Jin that existed here during the Spring and Autumn Period.
The name Shanxi literally means "mountain's west", which refers to the province's location west of the Taihang Mountains. Shanxi borders Hebei to the east, Henan to the south, Shaanxi to the west, and Inner Mongolia to the north and is made up mainly of a plateau bounded partly by mountain ranges. The capital of the province is Taiyuan.
Shanxi, the territory of state of Jin during the Spring and Autumn Period (722 BC - 403 BC), underwent a three-way split into the states of Han, Zhao and Wei in 403 BC, the traditional date taken as the start of the Warring States Period (403 BC - 221 BC). By 221 BC all of these states had fallen to the state of Qin, which established the Qin Dynasty (221 BC - 206 BC).
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Shanyin County
Shanyin County is a district of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Shuozhou city.
Coordinates: 39°31′34″N 112°49′01″E / 39.5262°N 112.817°E / 39.5262; 112.817
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Shenchi County
Shenchi County is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Xinzhou city.
Coordinates: 39°05′30″N 112°12′37″E / 39.09167°N 112.21028°E / 39.09167; 112.21028
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Shilou County
Shilou County is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Lüliang city.
Coordinates: 36°59′57″N 110°50′03″E / 36.99917°N 110.83417°E / 36.99917; 110.83417
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Shouyang County
Shouyang County is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Jinzhong city.
Coordinates: 37°53′28″N 113°10′27″E / 37.89111°N 113.17417°E / 37.89111; 113.17417
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Shuocheng District
Shuocheng District is a district of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Shuozhou city.
Coordinates: 39°19′11″N 112°25′55″E / 39.3198°N 112.432°E / 39.3198; 112.432
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Shuozhou
Shuozhou (Chinese: 朔州; pinyin: Shuòzhōu) is a city in the north of Shanxi Province in North China, located on the upper reaches of the Fen River. As of 2004, its population is approximately 1.25 million, and the city has an area of approximately 5,737 square kilometres. Administratively, Shuozhou is a prefecture-level city, with its city seat in Shuocheng District. The Dayun Expressway (Datong—Yuncheng) passes through it, and it has 5 specialized train lines.
It is a centre of industry, and its notable industries are primarily mining of coal and other ores such as iron, bauxite, mica, manganese, and graphite. Other economic sectors include agriculture, chemical industry, ceramics, and fishing.
On March 19, 2005, a mine explosion occurred at the Xishui coal mine, rocking nearby Kangjiayao coal mine, and killing at least 65 miners. It is reported that the mine had resumed operation illegally after having been ordered to suspend work because of safety problems.Reckless mining has sent millions of tons of coal dust into the air, contaminating both ground and underground water, and transforming natural eco-systems. Destroyed Mountain@党家庙, Polluted water
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Sichuan
Coordinates: 30°N 103°E / 30°N 103°E / 30; 103
Sichuan (help·info) (Chinese: 四川, known formerly in the West by its postal map spellings of Szechwan or Szechuan) is a province in Southwest China with its capital in Chengdu. The current name of the province, "四川", is an abbreviation of "四川路" (Sì Chuānlù), or "Four circuits of rivers", which is itself abbreviated from "川峡四路" (Chuānxiá Sìlù), or "Four circuits of rivers and gorges", named after the division of the existing circuit into four during the Northern Song Dynasty.
The province and its vicinity were the cradle of unique local civilizations, which can be dated back to at least the fifteenth century BC (coinciding with the later years of the Shang Dynasty). Beginning from the ninth century BC, Shu (today Chengdu) and Ba (today Chongqing City) emerged as cultural and administrative centers where two rival kingdoms were established.
Shu's existence was unknown until an archaeological discovery in 1986 at a small village named Sanxingdui (三星堆) in Guanghan County. It is believed to be an ancient city of the Shu Kingdom, where excavations have yielded invaluable archaeological information.
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Taigu County
Taigu County (Chinese: 太谷县; pinyin: Tàigǔ Xiàn) is a county of Shanxi, China under the administration of Jinzhong city. It is located at 37°25'N 112°33'E, and divided administratively into three town-level entities (Mingxing 明星镇, Hucun 胡村镇, and Fancun 范村镇), and six township-level entities (Houcheng 侯城乡, Beiwang 北汪乡, Shuixiu 水秀乡, Yangyi 阳邑乡, Xiaobai 小白乡, and Rencun 任村乡). Taigu is linked to nearby Yuci in Jinzhong by rail via the Taigu Railway Stop.
Taigu experiences a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dwa). Spring is dry, with frequent dust storms, followed by early summer heat waves. Summer tends to be hot with most of the year's rainfall concentrated in July and August. Winter is long and cold, but dry and sunny.
Downtown Taigu contains the local government institutions and buildings supporting the needs of the county. Significant buildings include the Taigu People's Government Building, Taigu People's Court Building, and Taigu People's Procuratorate Building.
While economic activity in the Taigu area is primarily agricultural, major non-agricultural industries in Taigu County include production of malleable cast iron, cast steel, insulator fittings, radiator piping, and other small industrial components.
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Taihang Mountains
The Taihang Mountains (Chinese: 太行山; pinyin: Tàiháng Shān) are a Chinese mountain range running down the eastern edge of the Loess Plateau in Henan, Shanxi and Hebei provinces. The range extends over 400 km from north to south and has an average elevation of 1,500 to 2,000 meters. The principal peak is Xiao Wutaishan (2,882 metres). Cangyan Shan in Hebei forms the eastern tip of the Taihang range.
The name of Shanxi Province, meaning "west of the mountains", derives from its location west of the Taihang Mountains, as does the name of Shandong Province (east of the mountains).
The Red Flag Canal is located on the edge of the Taihang Mountains.
The Shitai Passenger Railway crosses under the Taihang Mountains in Taihang Tunnel which, at almost 28 km, is the longest railway tunnel in China.
Coordinates: 38°N 113°E / 38°N 113°E / 38; 113
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Taiyuan
Taiyuan (Chinese: 太原; pinyin: Tàiyuán [tʰâɪɥǎn]) is the capital and largest city of Shanxi province in North China. At the 2010 census, it had a total population of 4,201,591 inhabitants on 6959 km² whom 3,212,500 are urban on 1,460 km². The name of the city literally means "Great Plains", referring to the location where the Fen River leaves the mountains.
From around 859BC the area was held by the Rong people. In 662 they were driven out by the Beidi.
Taiyuan was an ancient capital, constructed by Zhaojianzi (simplified Chinese: 赵简子; traditional Chinese: 趙簡子) in 497 BC, named Jinyang (t 晉陽, s 晋阳). It served as the capital of Zhao. It was renamed Taiyuan following its conquest by the Qin Dynasty in 221 BC. Under the later Han dynasty, it was the capital of Bing Province (Bingzhou). For a time in the 6th century, the city was a secondary capital of Eastern Wei and Northern Qi states, growing into a fairly large city and also becoming a center of Buddhism. A new city was built in AD 562, which was later linked to the old city during the Tang Dynasty in AD 733. From that time until the middle of the Tang dynasty (618–907), the construction of the cave temples at Tianlong Mountain just southwest of the city, continued. The dynastic founder of the Tang began his conquest of the empire with Taiyuan as a base and using the support of its local aristocracy. It was periodically designated as the Tang's northern capital and grew into a heavily fortified military base.
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Tianjin
Tianjin (help·info) (Chinese: 天津; pinyin: Tiānjīn; Mandarin pronunciation: [tʰjɛ́ntɕín]; Tianjinese: /tʰiɛn˨˩tɕin˨˩/~[tʰjɛ̃̀ɦɪ̀ŋ]; Postal map spelling: Tientsin) is a metropolis in northern China and one of the five national central cities of the People's Republic of China. It is governed as a direct-controlled municipality, one of four such designations, and is, thus, under direct administration of the central government. Tianjin borders Hebei Province and Beijing Municipality, bounded to the east by the Bohai Gulf portion of the Yellow Sea.
As a dual-core city, Tianjin is divided into the old city and the Binhai New Area. Binhai New Area is a new growth pole in China, and it maintains an annual growth rate of nearly 30% of the GDP. As of the end of 2010, 285 Fortune Global 500 companies have established branch offices in Binhai. It is a base of China's advanced industry, financial reform, and innovation.
In terms of urban population, it is the sixth-largest city of the People's Republic of China, and its urban land area (Binhai New Area is not included) ranks fifth in the nation after Beijing, Shanghai, Wuhan and Guangzhou. Tianjin's urban area is located along the Hai River, which connects to the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers via the Grand Canal in Tianjin. Tianjin was once home to foreign concessions in the late Qing Dynasty and early Kuomintang (KMT) era. The municipality incorporates the coastal region of Tanggu, home to the Binhai New Area and the Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA).
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Tianzhen County
Tianzhen County is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Datong city.
Coordinates: 40°25′03″N 114°04′44″E / 40.4176°N 114.079°E / 40.4176; 114.079
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Tunliu County
Tunliu County is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Changzhi city.
Coordinates: 36°18′55″N 112°53′30″E / 36.31528°N 112.89167°E / 36.31528; 112.89167
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Wanbailin District
Wanbailin District is a district of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Taiyuan city.
Coordinates: 37°52′23″N 112°31′00″E / 37.87306°N 112.5166667°E / 37.87306; 112.5166667
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Wanrong County
Wanrong County is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Yuncheng city.
Coordinates: 35°23′35″N 110°42′47″E / 35.393°N 110.713°E / 35.393; 110.713
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Wenshui County
Wenshui County is a county in Shanxi Province, China under the administration of Lüliang city.
Coordinates: 36°05′00″N 111°31′01″E / 36.0833°N 111.517°E / 36.0833; 111.517
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Wenxi County
Wenxi County is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Yuncheng City.
Coordinates: 35°23′24″N 111°18′27″E / 35.39°N 111.3075°E / 35.39; 111.3075
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Wenzhou
Wenzhou (simplified Chinese: 温州; traditional Chinese: 溫州; pinyin: Wēnzhōu; formerly Yongjia, Yung-chia) is a prefecture-level city in southeastern Zhejiang province, People's Republic of China. As of the 2010 census, about 3,039,500 live in the Wenzhou city proper; the area under its jurisdiction, which includes two satellite cities and six counties, had a population of 9,122,100. The prefectural area borders Lishui to the west, Taizhou to the north, and looks out to the East China Sea on its eastern coast.
Wenzhou was a prosperous foreign treaty port, which remains well-preserved today. It is situated in a mountainous region and, as a result, has been isolated for most of its history from the rest of the country, making the local culture and language very distinct not only from the rest of China but from neighbouring areas as well. It is also known for its emigrants who leave their native land for Europe and the United States, with a reputation for being entrepreneurs who start restaurants, retail and wholesale businesses in their adopted countries. People of Wenzhou origin make up a large number of ethnic Chinese residents of Italy, the Netherlands, France, and Africa.
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Wutai County
Wutai County (Chinese: 五台县) is a county under the administration of Xinzhou prefecture-level city of Shanxi Province in northern China.
Coordinates: 38°44′05″N 113°15′04″E / 38.73472°N 113.25111°E / 38.73472; 113.25111
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Wuxiang County
Wuxiang County is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Changzhi city.
Coordinates: 36°53′N 112°44′E / 36.89°N 112.74°E / 36.89; 112.74
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Wuzhai County
Wuzhai County is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Xinzhou city.
Coordinates: 38°54′39″N 111°50′49″E / 38.91083°N 111.84694°E / 38.91083; 111.84694
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Xi County, Shanxi
Xi County, Shanxi is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Linfen city.
Coordinates: 36°42′42″N 111°00′00″E / 36.71167°N 111°E / 36.71167; 111
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Xia County, Shanxi
Xia (Chinese: 夏县; Pinyin: Xià Xiàn) is a county in the northern province of Shanxi in the People's Republic of China. It is under the jurisdiction of Yuncheng City (运城市; pinyin: Yùnchéng Shì), in the southernmost region of Shanxi.
Coordinates: 35°08′18″N 111°13′15″E / 35.13833°N 111.22083°E / 35.13833; 111.22083
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Xiangfen County
Xiangfen County (Chinese: 襄汾县; pinyin: Xiāngfén Xiàn) is an administrative district of the Shanxi province in China. It has an area of 1,034 km2 (399 sq mi) and has 500,000 inhabitants.
Coordinates: 35°52′35″N 111°26′31″E / 35.87639°N 111.44194°E / 35.87639; 111.44194
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Xiangning County
Xiangning County is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Linfen city.
Coordinates: 35°58′13″N 110°50′49″E / 35.97028°N 110.84694°E / 35.97028; 110.84694
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Xiangyuan County
Xiangyuan County is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Changzhi city.
Coordinates: 36°32′06″N 113°03′05″E / 36.535°N 113.05139°E / 36.535; 113.05139
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Xiaodian District
Xiaodian District is a district of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Taiyuan city.
Coordinates: 37°44′39″N 112°33′21″E / 37.74417°N 112.55583°E / 37.74417; 112.55583
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Xing County
Xing County is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Lüliang city.
Coordinates: 38°27′45″N 111°07′38″E / 38.4625°N 111.12722°E / 38.4625; 111.12722
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Xinghualing District
Xinghualing District is a district of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Taiyuan city.
Coordinates: 37°54′37″N 112°33′35″E / 37.91028°N 112.55972°E / 37.91028; 112.55972
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Xinjiang County
Xinjiang County (Chinese: 新绛县; pinyin: Xīnjiàng Xiàn), formerly Jiangzhou (Chinese: 绛州), lies in the municipal region of Yuncheng in the province of Shanxi.
The county's area is approximately 600 km2. It is bordered by Wenxi County to the east and Jishan County to the west. Xiangning County to the northwest, Xiangfen County to the northeast, and Houma City to the east are all in Linfen Municipality.
The Fenhe (汾河) River, a major tributary of the Yellow, flows westward through the county.
Xinjiang's population is 320,000 (2002). The county executive, legislature, and judiciary are in Longxing Town (龙兴镇), together with the CPC and PSB branches.
Until recently, its industry was dominated by the production of handicrafts, including lacquerware, embroidery, and leather goods, as well as the manufacture of drugs.
Xinjiang is known for its folk opera performances.
The county is the home of the Jiangzhou Drum Troupe (山西绛州鼓乐团, also known as Shanxi Jiangzhou Drum Art Ensemble, 山西绛州鼓乐艺术团), China's most famous traditional percussion ensemble, which was founded in 1987.
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Xinrong District
Xinrong District (simplified Chinese: 新荣区; traditional Chinese: 新榮區; pinyin: Xīnróng Qū is a district of the city of Datong, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
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Xinzhou
Xinzhou (Chinese: 忻州; pinyin: Xīnzhōu) is a prefecture-level city of the People's Republic of China province of Shanxi.
Xinzhou has numerous public schools, including Xin Zhou Yi Zhong Xue (Xin Zhou Number One High School), which is considered the most prestigious of public high schools in the region.
Another public high school of interest is the nearby laboratory high school. It functions as an extension of the Xin Zhou Teacher's University. A third type of high school is the Xin Zhou Shi Yan Zhong Xue (Xin Zhou Experimental High School). This school was initiated as a public-private partnership. The school is partially funded by the Chinese government, follows national educational standards, and maintains close ties (and even joint faculty) with Xin Zhou Yi Zhong Xue; however, it maintains a greater independence from the government than traditional public schools. The experimental school also runs a small primary school program (generally only one class per grade level) which is populated almost exclusively by the children of Yi Zhong Xue and Shi Yan Zhong Xue faculty members.
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Xinzhou, Shanxi
Xinzhou (Chinese: 忻州; pinyin: Xīnzhōu) is a prefecture-level city of the People's Republic of China province of Shanxi.
Xinzhou has numerous public schools, including Xin Zhou Yi Zhong Xue (Xin Zhou Number One High School), which is considered the most prestigious of public high schools in the region.
Another public high school of interest is the nearby laboratory high school. It functions as an extension of the Xin Zhou Teacher's University. A third type of high school is the Xin Zhou Shi Yan Zhong Xue (Xin Zhou Experimental High School). This school was initiated as a public-private partnership. The school is partially funded by the Chinese government, follows national educational standards, and maintains close ties (and even joint faculty) with Xin Zhou Yi Zhong Xue; however, it maintains a greater independence from the government than traditional public schools. The experimental school also runs a small primary school program (generally only one class per grade level) which is populated almost exclusively by the children of Yi Zhong Xue and Shi Yan Zhong Xue faculty members.
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Xiyang County
Xiyang County is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Jinzhong city.
Coordinates: 37°36′00″N 113°42′19″E / 37.6°N 113.70528°E / 37.6; 113.70528
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Yangcheng County
Yangcheng County is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Jincheng city.
The movie Inn of the Sixth Happiness is based on the story of Gladys_Aylward's missionary activities in the town.
Coordinates: 35°29′10″N 112°24′53″E / 35.48611°N 112.41472°E / 35.48611; 112.41472
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Yanggao County
Yanggao County is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Datong city.
Coordinates: 40°22′03″N 113°45′11″E / 40.3675°N 113.75306°E / 40.3675; 113.75306
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Yangqu County
Yangqu County is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Taiyuan city.
In 1920, Peder Torjesen, a Norwegian missionary, went to Yangqu County in Shanxi Province and established various social and community services as part of his ministry. In 1989 the Shanxi provincial government invited Torjesen’s descendants, who had since emigrated to the United States, to return to Shanxi and resume this charitable work. In response, the Torjesen family and their friends established Shanxi Evergreen Services. (‘Evergreen’ is a reference to the Chinese name that Torjesen used, 叶永青). The organisation has since grown steadily.
Work has included long-term training programmes for local health professionals in family medicine and maternal and child health. A ‘Samaritan Fund’ covers the costs of essential medical treatment for impoverished people in Yangqu County.
SES provides scholarships for children from poor families to remain in school, and has established a community centre that includes a library and computer equipment. Various activities for local children take place at the centre, which also oversees a mobile library service that lends reading materials to rural schools.
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Yangquan
Coordinates: 37°51′N 113°34′E / 37.85°N 113.567°E / 37.85; 113.567
Yangquan (simplified Chinese: 阳泉; traditional Chinese: 陽泉; pinyin: Yángquán) is a prefecture-level city in the east of Shanxi province, People's Republic of China. Situated at the eastern edge of the Loess Plateau and the west side of the Taihang Mountains, Yangquan occupies a total area of 4,452 square kilometres (1,719 sq mi). According to the 2010 Census, Yangquan has a population of 1,368,502 inhabitants, 95,386 more than in 2000 (an annualized growth rate of 0.73% for the last decade).
Yangquan has a monsoon-influenced humid continental climate (Köppen Dwa), with cold and very dry winters, and hot, somewhat humid summers. Monthly daily average temperatures range from −3.4 °C (25.9 °F) in January to 24.0 °C (75.2 °F) in July, and the annual mean is 11.3 °C (52.3 °F). The annual precipitation stands at 516 millimetres (20.3 in), with close to 75% of this total falling from June to September. The city is quite sunny, receiving upwards of 2,700 hours of bright sunshine annually.
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Yanhu District
Yanhu District (simplified Chinese: 盐湖区; traditional Chinese: 鹽湖區; pinyin: Yánhú Qū; literally "salt lake") is the main district of Yuncheng, Shanxi province, China.
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Yaodu District
Yaodu District is a district of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Linfen city.
Coordinates: 36°04′52″N 111°31′15″E / 36.08111°N 111.52083°E / 36.08111; 111.52083
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Yellow River
The Yellow River or Huang He, formerly spelled Hwang Ho, is the second-longest river in China after the Yangtze and the sixth-longest in the world at the estimated length of 5,464 kilometers (3,395 mi). Originating in the Bayan Har Mountains in Qinghai Province in western China, it flows through nine provinces of China and empties into the Bohai Sea. The Yellow River basin has an east-west extent of 1900 km (1,180 mi) and a north-south extent of 1100 km (684 mi). Its total basin area is 742,443 km² (290,520 mi²).
The Yellow River is called "the cradle of Chinese civilization" as its basin – specifically, the Wei valley that cuts across the long Ordos loop – was the birthplace of ancient Chinese civilizations and the most prosperous region in early Chinese history. However, frequent devastating floods and course changes produced by the continual elevation of the river bed, sometimes above the level of its surrounding fields has also earned it the unenviable names "China's Sorrow" and "Scourge of the Sons of Han."
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Yicheng County
Yicheng County is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Linfen city.
Coordinates: 35°47′41″N 111°33′22″E / 35.7946°N 111.556°E / 35.7946; 111.556
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Ying County
Ying County is a district of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Shuozhou city.
Coordinates: 39°33′15″N 113°11′28″E / 39.5542°N 113.191°E / 39.5542; 113.191
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Yingze District
Yingze District is a district of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Taiyuan city.
Coordinates: 37°53′41″N 112°34′03″E / 37.89472°N 112.5675°E / 37.89472; 112.5675
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Yonghe County
Yonghe County is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Linfen city.
Coordinates: 36°45′39″N 110°37′54″E / 36.76083°N 110.63167°E / 36.76083; 110.63167
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Youyu County
Youyu County is a district of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Shuozhou city.
Coordinates: 39°59′20″N 112°28′01″E / 39.989°N 112.467°E / 39.989; 112.467
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Yu County, Shanxi
Yu County (Chinese: 盂县; pinyin: Yú Xiàn) is a county located in Yangquan in the east of Shanxi, China.
It is best known for its production of black pepper and coal.
Yu Xian is an ancient place, which is known to contain many mysteries and treasures. It was apparent that during the Spring and Autumn Period, this land once formed an individual kingdom.
In 2005, the county's GDP is approximately 3.0 billion, Government Finance Income has exceeded the 600 million yuan mark. The GPC now equaling to 3,646 income for farmers and the total retail sales of consumer goods has reached 970 million yuan. Furthermore, there is 100 million kg of crop output and 10.71 million tons of coal production.
Yu Xian literally translates into ‘cup county’. The name is derived from the shape of the county’s location. For the territory is surrounded by mountains, the area forms a concave dip which resembles the shape of a "cup", in Chinese, cup translates to “Yu” (盂).
Cangshan (藏山)
Coordinates: 38°05′17″N 113°24′48″E / 38.08806°N 113.41333°E / 38.08806; 113.41333
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Yuan Dynasty
The Yuan Dynasty (Chinese: 元朝, p Yuán Cháo; Mongolian: Их Юань улс) was the branch of Mongol Borjigin dynasty established by Kublai Khan. Although the Mongols had ruled northern China for decades, it was not until 1271 that Kublai Khan officially proclaimed the dynasty in the traditional Chinese style. His realm – the Great Yuan Empire (t 大元帝國, s 大元帝国, p Dà Yuán Dìguó) – was by this point isolated from the other khanates and controlled only most of present-day China and its surrounding areas including modern Mongolia. It was the first non-Han dynasty to rule all of China and lasted until 1368, after which its remnants in Mongolia were known as the Northern Yuan.
The Yuan is considered both a successor to the Mongol Empire and as an imperial Chinese dynasty. In official Chinese histories, the Yuan Dynasty bore the Mandate of Heaven, following the Song Dynasty and preceding the Ming Dynasty. Although the dynasty was established by Kublai Khan, he placed his grandfather Genghis Khan on the imperial records as the official founder of the dynasty as Taizu.
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Yuanping, Shanxi
Yuanping (Chinese: 原平; pinyin: Yuánpíng) is a county-level city in the north of Shanxi province, People's Republic of China. It is located along the G55 Erenhot–Guangzhou Expressway nearly due north of the provincial capital of Taiyuan, and is under the administration of Xinzhou City.
Yuanping is at the junction of the Beijing-Tongliao Railway and the Datong-Puzhou Railway.
Yuanping has a monsoon-influenced continental semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk), with cold and very dry winters, and hot, humid summers. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −7.7 °C (18.1 °F) in January to 23.3 °C (73.9 °F) in July, and the annual mean is 9.03 °C (48.3 °F). A majority of the 417 millimetres (16.4 in) of precipitation occurs in July and August alone. Due to the high elevation and dry climate, the diurnal temperature variation easily exceeds 15 °C (27.0 °F) in winter and spring. The area also receives plentiful sunshine year-round, with an average annual total of more than 2,580 hours.
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Yuanqu County
Yuanqu County (Chinese: 垣曲县; pinyin: Yuánqǔ Xiàn) is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Yuncheng city.
Coordinates: 35°17′38″N 111°40′24″E / 35.29389°N 111.67333°E / 35.29389; 111.67333
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Yuci District
Yuci District (simplified Chinese: 榆次区; traditional Chinese: 榆次區; pinyin: Yúcì Qū) is a district in Jinzhong, Shanxi, China.
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Yuncheng
Yuncheng (simplified Chinese: 运城; traditional Chinese: 運城; pinyin: Yùnchéng) is the southernmost municipality in Shanxi province, China. It borders Linfen and Jincheng municipalities to the north and east, and Henan and Shaanxi provinces to the south and west.
The Olympic Torch Relay went through this city June 25, 2008 on its way to Beijing.
The Municipal executive, legislature and judiciary are in Yanhu District (盐湖区), together with the CPC and Public Security bureaux.
In early China, it was the location of the state of Kunwu (昆吾).
Rural communities in the Yuncheng Municipal region have been the hunting grounds of Snakeheads, Chinese Human trafficking mafia. Rural children, typically middle school students fit for labour, were "recruited" with the promise of jobs in in China's far southwest -- Longchuan County in Yunnan's Dehong Prefecture. Once in Longchuan the children were whisked ("through sugar-cane fields on a motorcycle") over the international border into Kachin State and imprisoned. They were made to sign demands for ransom (e.g. 40 - 80 000 RMB). They are subjected to Torture (burnt by cigarette, violated by chopstick, fingernails pulled by pliers, forced into fights by starvation, terrorised by captive animals) prior to making telephone appeals home.
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Yuncheng, Shanxi
Yuncheng (simplified Chinese: 运城; traditional Chinese: 運城; pinyin: Yùnchéng) is the southernmost municipality in Shanxi province, China. It borders Linfen and Jincheng municipalities to the north and east, and Henan and Shaanxi provinces to the south and west.
The Olympic Torch Relay went through this city June 25, 2008 on its way to Beijing.
The Municipal executive, legislature and judiciary are in Yanhu District (盐湖区), together with the CPC and Public Security bureaux.
In early China, it was the location of the state of Kunwu (昆吾).
Rural communities in the Yuncheng Municipal region have been the hunting grounds of Snakeheads, Chinese Human trafficking mafia. Rural children, typically middle school students fit for labour, were "recruited" with the promise of jobs in in China's far southwest -- Longchuan County in Yunnan's Dehong Prefecture. Once in Longchuan the children were whisked ("through sugar-cane fields on a motorcycle") over the international border into Kachin State and imprisoned. They were made to sign demands for ransom (e.g. 40 - 80 000 RMB). They are subjected to Torture (burnt by cigarette, violated by chopstick, fingernails pulled by pliers, forced into fights by starvation, terrorised by captive animals) prior to making telephone appeals home.
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Yushe County
Yushe County is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Jinzhong city.
Coordinates: 37°04′18″N 112°58′31″E / 37.07167°N 112.97528°E / 37.07167; 112.97528
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Zezhou County
Zezhou County is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Jincheng city.
Coordinates: 35°37′03″N 112°54′03″E / 35.6175°N 112.90083°E / 35.6175; 112.90083
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Zhangzi County
Zhangzi County is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Changzhi city.
Coordinates: 36°07′26″N 112°52′37″E / 36.12389°N 112.87694°E / 36.12389; 112.87694
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Zhejiang
Coordinates: 29°12′N 120°30′E / 29.2°N 120.5°E / 29.2; 120.5
Zhejiang (Chinese: 浙江; pinyin: Zhèjiāng; Wade–Giles: Che-chiang or Chekiang) is an eastern coastal province of the People's Republic of China. The word Zhejiang (crooked river) was the old name of the Qiantang River, which passes through Hangzhou, the provincial capital. The name of the province is often abbreviated to its first character, "浙".
Zhejiang borders Jiangsu province and Shanghai municipality to the north, Anhui province to the northwest, Jiangxi province to the west, and Fujian province to the south; to the east is the East China Sea, beyond which lie the Ryukyu Islands of Japan.
The area of modern Zhejiang was outside the major sphere of influence of early Chinese civilization during the Shang Dynasty (sixteenth century to eleventh century BC). Instead, this area was populated by peoples collectively known as the Yue, such as the Dongyue and the Ouyue. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the state of Yue emerged in northern Zhejiang. The Yue state was heavily influenced by the Chinese civilization further north. Under King Goujian of Yue, Yue reached its zenith and was able to wipe out the powerful state of Wu to its immediate north, in 473 BC. Then, in 333 BC, Yue was in turn conquered by the state of Chu, which was to the west. In 221 BC, the state of Qin completed the conquest of the last of the formerly independent states of China, including the state of Chu. This conquest made what is now Zhejiang part of a unified Chinese empire.
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Zhongyang County
Zhongyang County is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Lüliang city.
Coordinates: 37°21′56″N 111°10′01″E / 37.3655°N 111.167°E / 37.3655; 111.167
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Zuoquan County
Zuoquan County is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Jinzhong city.
Coordinates: 37°04′53″N 113°22′49″E / 37.08139°N 113.38028°E / 37.08139; 113.38028
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Zuoyun County
Zuoyun County is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Datong city.
Coordinates: 40°01′N 112°45′E / 40.01°N 112.75°E / 40.01; 112.75
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Anhui
Coordinates: 31°50′N 117°0′E / 31.833°N 117°E / 31.833; 117
Anhui (Chinese: 安徽; pinyin: Ānhuī; Wade–Giles: An-hui, Mandarin pronunciation: [ánxwéi]) is a province in the People's Republic of China. Located in eastern China across the basins of the Yangtze River and the Huai River, it borders Jiangsu to the east, Zhejiang to the southeast, Jiangxi to the south, Hubei to the southwest, Henan to the northwest, and Shandong for a tiny section in the north. The capital of the province is Hefei.
The name "Anhui" derives from the names of two cities in south Anhui, Anqing and Huizhou (now Huangshan City). The abbreviation for Anhui is "皖" (Wǎn), because there were historically a State of Wan, a Mount Wan, and a Wan river in the province.
The province of Anhui was formed in the seventeenth century. Before then, there was no coherent concept of "Anhui". Northern Anhui was firmly a part of the North China Plain in terms of culture, together with modern-day Henan province. Central Anhui constituted most of the fertile and densely-populated Huai He River watershed. Southern Anhui, along the Yangtze, was closer to Hubei and southern Jiangsu provinces in culture. Finally, the hills of southeastern Anhui formed a unique and distinct cultural sphere of its own.
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Beijing
Beijing ( /beɪˈdʒɪŋ/; Chinese: 北京; pinyin: Běijīng, [peɪ˨˩ t͡ɕiŋ˥]), formerly romanized as Peking ( /piːˈkɪŋ/ or /peɪˈkɪŋ/), is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The metropolis, located in northern China, is governed as a direct-controlled municipality under the national government, with 14 urban and suburban districts and two rural counties. Beijing Municipality is surrounded by Hebei Province with the exception of neighboring Tianjin Municipality to the southeast.
Beijing is China's second largest city by urban population after Shanghai and is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's largest state-owned companies. Beijing is a major transportation hub in the national highway, expressway, railway and high-speed rail network. Beijing's Capital International Airport is the second busiest in the world by passenger traffic.
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Buddhism
Buddhism is a religion and philosophy indigenous to the Indian subcontinent and encompasses a variety of traditions, beliefs, and practices largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, who is commonly known as the Buddha (meaning "the awakened one" in Sanskrit and Pāli). The Buddha lived and taught in the eastern part of Indian subcontinent some time between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE. He is recognized by Buddhists as an awakened or enlightened teacher who shared his insights to help sentient beings end ignorance (avidyā), craving (taṇhā), and suffering (dukkha), by recognizing dependent origination and sunyata, and attain Nirvana.
Two major branches of Buddhism are recognized: Theravada ("The School of the Elders") and Mahayana ("The Great Vehicle"). Theravada has a widespread following in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia. Mahayana is found throughout East Asia and includes the traditions of Pure Land, Zen, Nichiren Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhism, Shingon, Tiantai (Tendai) and Shinnyo-en. In some classifications, Vajrayana—practiced mainly in Tibet and Mongolia, and adjacent parts of China and Russia—is recognized as a third branch, while others classify it as a part of Mahayana. There are other categorisations of these three Vehicles or Yanas.
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China
China (i/ˈtʃaɪnə/; Chinese: 中国; pinyin: Zhōngguó; see also Names of China), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is the world's most-populous country, with a population of over 1.3 billion. Covering approximately 9.6 million square kilometres, the East Asian state is the world's second-largest country by land area, and the third- or fourth-largest in total area, depending on the definition of total area.
The People's Republic of China is a single-party state governed by the Communist Party of China. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four directly controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau). Its capital city is Beijing. The PRC also claims Taiwan—which is controlled by the Republic of China (ROC), a separate political entity—as its 23rd province, a claim controversial due to the complex political status of Taiwan and the unresolved Chinese Civil War. The PRC government denies the legitimacy of the ROC.
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County-level cities
A county-level city (Chinese: 县级市; pinyin: xiànjí shì) is a county-level administrative division of mainland China. County-level cities are usually governed by prefecture-level divisions, but a few are governed directly by province-level divisions.
Most county-level cities were created in the 1980s and 1990s by replacing counties.
County-level cities are not "cities" in the strictest sense of the word, since they usually contain rural areas many times the size of their urban, built-up area. This is because the counties that county-level cities have replaced are themselves large administrative units containing towns, villages, and farmland. To distinguish a "county-level city" from its actual urban area (the traditional meaning of the word "city"), the term 市区 shìqū, or "urban area", is used.
In France, an equivalent of a county-level city is an agglomeration community.
While the idea of a "city" being a unit consisting of several "towns" is not a common one in English-speaking world, a somewhat similar naming convention is used for Local Government Areas in some parts of Australia. For example, in New South Wales such a unit may often be called a "city" (rather than a traditional "shire"), and consist of "towns". E.g. City of Blue Mountains is made of a number of towns (Katoomba, Springwood, etc.).
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CPC Party Chief
In the Politics of the People's Republic of China, a party chief (simplified Chinese: 党委书记; traditional Chinese: 黨委書記; pinyin: Dǎngwěi shūji), variously called a party boss, and officially termed the Communist Party Committee Secretary for a certain region, is the leader of the local Communist Party of China division, and in most cases, the de facto first-in-charge of its area of jurisdiction. Aside from the regional or municipal affix, the title does not change regardless of the size of the jurisdiction.
Beginning at the provincial level, China's party-government dual administrative system arranges a hierarchy by which the party chief is in charge of determining the direction of policy as well as personnel changes, and the corresponding government leader is responsible for implementing party policy and arranging the annual budget, as well as other everyday government matters and ceremonial tasks. The list of party chief levels is as follows:
In writing and the mass media, the "CPC" designation before the title is not used often because it is assumed that "Provincial Committee Secretary" refers to the Communist Party secretary.
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Cultural Revolution
The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, commonly known as the Cultural Revolution (Chinese: 文化大革命; pinyin: Wénhuà Dàgémìng), was a social-political movement that took place in the People's Republic of China from 1966 through 1976. Set into motion by Mao Zedong, then Chairman of the Communist Party of China, its stated goal was to enforce socialism in the country by removing capitalist, traditional and cultural elements from Chinese society, and to impose Maoist orthodoxy within the Party. The revolution marked the return of Mao Zedong to a position of absolute power after the failed Great Leap Forward. The movement politically paralyzed the country and significantly affected the country economically and socially.
The Revolution was launched in May 1966. Mao alleged that bourgeois elements were infiltrating the government and society at large, aiming to restore capitalism. He insisted that these "revisionists" be removed through violent class struggle. China's youth responded to Mao's appeal by forming Red Guard groups around the country. The movement spread into the military, urban workers, and the Communist Party leadership itself. It resulted in widespread factional struggles in all walks of life. In the top leadership, it led to a mass purge of senior officials who were accused of taking a "capitalist road", most notably Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping. During the same period Mao's personality cult grew to immense proportions.
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District of China
The term district, in the context of China, is used to refer to several unrelated political divisions in both ancient and modern China.
In the modern context, districts (simplified Chinese: 区; traditional Chinese: 區; Hanyu Pinyin: qū; Tongyong Pinyin: cyu) refer to two types of divisions in the People's Republic of China: city districts and the soon-to-be-phased-out county districts (also known as district public offices). Districts can also refer to a type of division in the Republic of China on Taiwan.
However, if the word "district" is encountered in the context of ancient Chinese history, then it is a translation for xian, another type of administrative division in China.
A city district (市辖区, pinyin: shìxiáqū, lit. a city-governed district) is a subdivision of a municipality or a prefecture-level city. The rank of a district derives from the rank of its city. Districts of a municipality are prefecture-level; districts of a sub-provincial city are sub-prefecture-level; and districts of a prefecture-level city are county-level.
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Fujian
Coordinates: 25°54′N 118°18′E / 25.9°N 118.3°E / 25.9; 118.3
Fujian (help·info) (Chinese: 福建), formerly romanised as Fukien or Foukien, is a province on the southeast coast of mainland China. Fujian is bordered by Zhejiang to the north, Jiangxi to the west, and Guangdong to the south. Taiwan lies to the east, across the Taiwan Strait. The name Fujian came from the combination of Fuzhou and Jianzhou (a former name for Jian'ou) two cities in Fujian, during the Tang Dynasty. With a Han majority, it is one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse provinces in China.
Most of Fujian is administered by the People's Republic of China. However, the archipelagos of Kinmen and Matsu are under the control of the Republic of China (Taiwan). Thus, there are two provinces (in the sense of government organizations): the Fujian Province administered by the People's Republic of China and the Fujian Province of the Republic of China.
Recent archaeological discoveries demonstrate that Fujian had entered the Neolithic Age by the middle of the 6th millennium BC. From the Keqiutou site (7450–5590 BP), an early Neolithic site in Pingtan Island located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southeast of Fuzhou, numerous tools made of stones, shells, bones, jades, and ceramics (including wheel-made-ceramics) have been unearthed, together with spinning wheels, a definitive evidence of weaving.
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Gansu
Coordinates: 38°0′N 102°20′E / 38°N 102.333°E / 38; 102.333
Gansu (help·info) (simplified Chinese: 甘肃; traditional Chinese: 甘肅; pinyin: Gānsù; Wade–Giles: Kan-su, Kansu, Kan-suh) is a province located in the northwest of the People's Republic of China.
It lies between the Tibetan and Huangtu plateaus, and borders Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, and Ningxia to the north, Xinjiang and Qinghai to the west, Sichuan to the south, and Shaanxi to the east. The Yellow River passes through the southern part of the province.
Gansu has a population of 26 million (2009) and has a large concentration of Hui Chinese, and the historical home, along with Shaanxi of the dialect of the Dungans, who are Hui who migrated to Central Asia. The southwestern corner of Gansu is home to a large Tibetan population. The capital is Lanzhou, located in the southeast part of the province. Gansu is abbreviated as "甘" (Gān) or "陇" (Lǒng), and is also known as Long West or Long Right, in reference to the Long Mountain east of Gansu.
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Governor of Shanxi
The politics of Shanxi Province in the People's Republic of China is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in mainland China.
The Governor of Shanxi (山西省省长) is the highest ranking official in the People's Government of Shanxi. However, in the province's dual party-government governing system, the Governor has less power than the Shanxi Communist Party of China Provincial Committee Secretary (山西省委书记), colloquially termed the "Shanxi CPC Party Chief".
Secretaries of the CPC Shanxi Committee:
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Guangdong
Coordinates: 23°24′N 113°30′E / 23.4°N 113.5°E / 23.4; 113.5
Guangdong is a province on the South China Sea coast of the People's Republic of China. The province was previously often written with the alternative English name Kwangtung Province. It surpassed Henan and Sichuan to become the most populous province in China in January 2005, registering 79 million permanent residents and 31 million migrants who lived in the province for at least six months of the year. The provincial capital Guangzhou and economic hub Shenzhen are amongst the most populous and important cities in China.
Since 1989 Guangdong has topped the total GDP rankings among all provincial-level divisions, with Jiangsu and Shandong second and third in rank. According to provincial annual preliminary statistics, Guangdong's GDP in 2010 reached CNY 4,550 billion, or USD 689.02 billion, making its economy roughly the same size as that of Turkey or Indonesia. Guangdong has the fourth highest GDP per capita among all provinces of mainland China, after Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Liaoning. The province contributes approximately 12% of the PRC's national economic output, and is home to the production facilities and offices of a wide-ranging set of multinational and Chinese corporations. Guangdong also hosts the largest Import and Export Fair in China called the Canton Fair in Guangdong's capital city Guangzhou.
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Hebei
Coordinates: 39°18′N 116°42′E / 39.3°N 116.7°E / 39.3; 116.7
Hebei (help·info) (Chinese: 河北; pinyin: Héběi; Postal map spelling: Hopeh) is a province of the People's Republic of China in the North China region. Its one-character abbreviation is "冀" (jì), named after Ji Province, a Han Dynasty province (zhou) that included what is now southern Hebei. The name Hebei means "north of the river", referring to its location completely above the Yellow River.
In 1928, Hebei was formed after the central government dissolved the province of Chih-li (直隸), which means "Directly Ruled (by the Imperial Court)".
Beijing and Tianjin Municipalities, which border each other, were carved out of Hebei. The province borders Liaoning to the northeast, Inner Mongolia to the north, Shanxi to the west, Henan to the south, and Shandong to the southeast. Bohai Bay of the Yellow Sea is to the east. A small part of Hebei, an exclave disjointed from the rest of the province, is wedged between the municipalities of Beijing and Tianjin.
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Hong Kong
Coordinates: 22°16′42″N 114°09′32″E / 22.27833°N 114.15889°E / 22.27833; 114.15889
Hong Kong (Chinese: 香港) is one of two special administrative regions (SARs) of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the other being Macau. A city-state situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is known for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour. With a land mass of 1,104 km2 (426 sq mi) and a population of seven million people, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Hong Kong's population is 95 percent ethnic Chinese and 5 percent from other groups. Hong Kong's Han Chinese majority originate mainly from the cities of Guangzhou and Taishan in the neighbouring Guangdong province.
Hong Kong became a colony of the British Empire after the First Opium War (1839–42). Originally confined to Hong Kong Island, the colony's boundaries were extended in stages to the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 and then the New Territories in 1898. It was occupied by Japan during the Pacific War, after which the British resumed control until 1997, when China resumed sovereignty. The region espoused minimum government intervention under the ethos of positive non-interventionism during the colonial era. The time period greatly influenced the current culture of Hong Kong, often described as "East meets West", and the educational system, which used to loosely follow the system in England until reforms implemented in 2009.
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Hubei
Hubei (help·info) (Chinese: 湖北; pinyin: Húběi; Wade–Giles: Hu-pei; Postal map spelling: Hupeh) is a province in Central China. The name of the province means "north of the lake", referring to its position north of Lake Dongting. The provincial capital is Wuhan.
Hubei is officially abbreviated to "鄂" (È), an ancient name associated with the eastern part of the province since the Qin dynasty, while a popular name for Hubei is "楚" (Chǔ), after the powerful state of Chu that existed here during the Eastern Zhou dynasty. It borders Henan to the north, Anhui to the east, Jiangxi to the southeast, Hunan to the south, Chongqing to the west, and Shaanxi to the northwest. The high-profile Three Gorges Dam is located at Yichang, in the west of the province.
By the Spring and Autumn Period (770 BC - 476 BC), the territory of today's Hubei was part of the powerful state of Chu. Chu was nominally a tributary state of the Zhou Dynasty, and it was itself an extension of the Chinese civilization that had emerged some centuries before in the north; but it was also culturally unique, and was a powerful state that held onto much of the middle and lower Yangtze River, with power extending northwards into the North China Plain.
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Hui people
The Hui people (Chinese: 回族; pinyin: Huízú, Xiao'erjing: حُوِ ذَو / حواري) are a predominantly Muslim ethnic group in China. Hui people are found throughout the country, though they are concentrated mainly in the provinces of Ningxia, Qinghai, and Gansu. According to a 2000 census, China is home to approximately 9.8 million Hui people, the majority of whom are Chinese-speaking practitioners of Islam, though some practice other religions. Although many Hui people are ethnically similar to Han Chinese, the group has retained some Persian and Central Asian features, their ethnicity and culture having been shaped profoundly by their position along the Silk Road trading route.
In the People's Republic of China, the Hui people are one of 56 officially recognized ethnic groups. Under this definition, the Hui people are defined to include all historically Muslim communities in People's Republic of China that are not included in China's other ethnic groups. Since China's Muslims speaking various Turkic, Mongolic, or Iranian languages are all included into those other groups (e.g., Uyghurs, Dongxiang, or Tajiks) the "officially recognized" Hui ethnic group consists predominantly of Chinese speakers. In fact, the "Hui nationality" is unique among China's officially recognized ethnic minorities in that it does not have any particular non-Chinese language associated with it.
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Inner Mongolia
Coordinates: 44°N 113°E / 44°N 113°E / 44; 113
Inner Mongolia (Mongolian: s, Öbür Monggol and c Өвөр Монгол, Övör Mongol; Chinese: 内蒙古; pinyin: Nèi Měnggǔ, but officially romanized to Nei Mongol) is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China, located in the northern region of the country. Inner Mongolia shares an international border with the countries of Mongolia and the Russian Federation. Its capital is Hohhot and the largest city is Baotou.
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was established in 1947 on the area of former Republic of China provinces of Suiyuan, Chahar, Rehe, Liaobei and Xing'an along with the northern parts of Gansu and Ningxia. It is the third-largest subdivision of China spanning about 1,200,000 km² (463,000 sq mi) or 12% of China's total land area. It has a population of about 24 million as of 2004. The majority of the population in the region are Han Chinese, with a substantial Mongol minority. The official languages are Chinese and Mongolian, the latter written in the Mongolian script, as opposed to the Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet used in the state of Mongolia.
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Khitan people
The Khitan people (Chinese: 契丹; pinyin: Qìdān; Persian: ختن, Khitan), or Khitai, Kitan, or Kidan, were a nomadic Mongolic people, originally from Mongolia and Manchuria (the northeastern region of modern day China) from the 4th century. As the Liao Dynasty they dominated a vast area north of, and including parts of, China; but have left few relics that have survived until today. After the fall of Liao in 1125, many Khitans moved further west and established the state of Kara Khitai, which was finally destroyed by the Mongol Empire in 1218.
There is no consensus on the etymology of the name of Khitan. There are basically three speculations. Feng Jiasheng argues that it comes from the Yuwen chieftains' names. Zhao Zhenji thinks that the term originated from Xianbei and means "a place where Xianbei had resided". Japanese scholar Otagi Matuo considers Khitan's original name is "Xidan", which means "the people who are similar to the Xi people" or "the people who inhabit among the Xi people".
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Li Cunxu
Emperor Zhuangzong of Later Tang (後唐莊宗), personal name Li Cunxu (simplified Chinese: 李存勗; traditional Chinese: 李存勖 or 李存勗; pinyin: Lǐ Cúnxù), nickname Yazi (亞子), was the Prince of Jin (908-923) and later became Emperor of Later Tang (923–926). He was the son of Li Keyong.
Li Cunxu was successful in overthrowing the Later Liang Dynasty in 923 and proclaimed himself emperor of the Later Tang Dynasty, which he referred to as the “Restored Tang.” As a part of “restoring the Tang,” the capital was moved back to the old Tang eastern capital of Luoyang.
As with all of the other dynasties of the Five Dynasties, this was a short-lived regime lasting only thirteen years. Li Cunxu himself lived only three years after the founding of the dynasty, having been killed during an officer’s rebellion led by Guō Cóngqiān (郭從謙) in 926. He was succeeded by Lǐ Sìyuán(李嗣源).
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Li Ka-shing
Sir Ka-shing Li, GBM, KBE, JP (born 13 June 1928 in Chaozhou, China) is a Hong Kong business magnate and philanthropist, widely considered one of the most influential businessmen in Asia. His companies were involved in real estate, ports, and infrastructure, among other ventures. He is the richest person of Asian descent in the world and the ninth richest person in the world with an estimated wealth of US $25.5 billion as of 2012. Presently, he is the chairman of Hutchison Whampoa Limited (HWL) and Cheung Kong Holdings; through them, he is the world's largest operator of container terminals and the world's largest health and beauty retailer.
Considered one of the most powerful figures in Asia, Li was named "Asia's Most Powerful Man, Li Ka-Ching" by Asiaweek in 2001. His companies make up 15% of the market cap of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.Forbes Magazine and the Forbes family honoured Li Ka-shing with the first ever "Malcolm S. Forbes Lifetime Achievement Award" on 5 September 2006, in Singapore. In spite of his wealth, Li has cultivated a reputation for leading a no-frills lifestyle, and is known to wear simple black dress shoes and an inexpensive Seiko wristwatch, which is at odds with the house he owns in one of Hong Kong's most expensive precincts, Deep Water Bay in Hong Kong Island. Li is also regarded as one of Asia's most generous philanthropists, donating over US $1.41 billion to date to charity and other various philanthropic causes.
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Liaoning
Coordinates: 41°06′N 122°18′E / 41.1°N 122.3°E / 41.1; 122.3
Liaoning (help·info) (simplified Chinese: 辽宁; traditional Chinese: 遼寧; pinyin: Liáoníng; Manchu: ᠯᡳᠶᠣᠣ ᠨᡳᠩ, Liyoo ning) is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the northeast of the country. Its one-character abbreviation is "辽" (pinyin: liáo), a name taken from the Liao River that flows through the province. "Níng" means "peace". The modern province was established in 1907 as Fengtian province (奉天 pinyin: Fèngtiān; Postal map spelling: Fengtien; Manchu: ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ ᡳᠮᡳᠶᠠᠩᡤᠠ, Abkai imiyangga) and the name was changed to Liaoning in 1929. Under the Japanese puppet Manchukuo regime, the province reverted to its 1907 name, but the name Liaoning was restored in 1945.
Liaoning is located in the southern part of the Northeast, and is often called "the Golden Triangle" because of its superior geographical location, with the Yellow Sea (Korea Bay) and the Bohai Sea in the south, North Korea in the southeast, Jilin province to the northeast, Hebei province to the west, and Inner Mongolia to the northwest. The Yalu River marks the border between North Korea and the province. It empties into the Korea Bay between Dandong, Liaoning and Sinŭiju, North Korea.
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Liu Chong
Liu Chong may refer to:
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Liu Zhiyuan
Gaozu of Later Han (or Liu Zhiyuan) (895–948) was the Shato founder of the Later Han Dynasty, the fourth of the Five Dynasties in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period of Chinese history. It was also one of the shortest-lived kingdoms in Chinese history, lasting only three years. Liu was posthumously given the title of Gaozu.
Liu Zhiyuan was the military governor of Bingzhou, an area around modern-day Taiyuan in Shanxi, long a stronghold of the Shatuo Turks, for the Later Jin Dynasty. The Later Jin had been little more than a puppet of the powerful Khitan empire to the north. When, in 946, the emperor of the Later Jin decided to defy the Khitan under growing pressure from not only subjects among the Shatuo Turks, but also Han Chinese at their subservient status, the Khitans led a military attack that shattered the Later Jin Dynasty. On the return to their southern capital at present-day Beijing, the Khitan emperor died, providing just enough of a vacuum of power for Liu Zhiyuan to move in and declare the establishment of the Later Han Dynasty. He named his government "Han" as a consequence of claiming to be a descendant of Liu Bang, the first Emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, thus relinquishing his Shatuo Turk originality.
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Macau
Coordinates: 22°10′N 113°33′E / 22.167°N 113.55°E / 22.167; 113.55
Macau (Chinese: 澳門), also spelled Macao ( /məˈkaʊ/), is one of the two special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China, the other being Hong Kong. Macau lies on the western side of the Pearl River Delta across from Hong-Kong which is to the east, bordering Guangdong province to the north and facing the South China Sea to the east and south.
The territory's economy is heavily dependent on gambling and tourism, but also includes manufacturing.
Macau is a former Portuguese colony, and is both the first and last European colony in China. Portuguese traders first settled in Macau in the 16th century and subsequently administered the region until the handover on 20 December 1999. The Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration and the Basic Law of Macau stipulate that Macau operates with a high degree of autonomy until at least 2049, fifty years after the transfer. Macau was first lent by the Chinese empire as a trading port in the 16th century, and had to administer the city under Chinese authority and sovereignty. In 1887, Macau became a colony of the Portuguese empire and its sovereignty transferred to the Portuguese.
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Manchu
The Manchus (Manchu:
Manju; simplified Chinese: 满族; traditional Chinese: 滿族; pinyin: Mǎnzú) are an ethnic minority of China who originated in Manchuria (northeastern China).
For centuries, the Manchu ethnicity has acculturated with the majority Han ethnicity of China. Most Manchu today speak Standard Chinese, while the Manchu language is only spoken by elderly people in remote northeastern China and a few scholars; there are around ten thousand speakers of Xibe, a closely related language spoken in the Ili region of Xinjiang. In recent years, however, there has been a resurgence of interest in Manchu culture among both ethnic Manchus and Han. The number of Chinese today with some Manchu ancestry is quite large—with 10.68 million members (in China), Manchu is the 3rd largest ethnic group in China after the Han and the Zhuang. The adoption of favorable policies towards ethnic minorities (such as preferential university admission, government employment opportunities and exemption from the one child policy) has encouraged some people with mixed Han and Manchu ancestry to re-identify themselves as Manchu.
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Matsu Islands
The Matsu Islands (simplified Chinese: 马祖列岛; traditional Chinese: 馬祖列島; pinyin: Mǎzǔ Lièdǎo; Fuzhou dialect: Mā-cū liĕk-dō̤ or less frequently, simplified Chinese: 马祖群岛; traditional Chinese: 馬祖群島; pinyin: Mǎzǔ Qúndǎo; Fuzhou dialect: 馬祖島 Mā-cū-dō̤) are a minor archipelago of 19 islands and islets in the Taiwan Strait administered as Lienchiang County (連江縣; Lièng-gŏng-gâing) under Fujian Province of the Republic of China (Taiwan). Only a small area of what is historically Lienchiang County is under the control of the ROC. The People's Republic of China (AKA "China") controls the part of the county on mainland China and has a separate administration for that jurisdiction, Lianjiang County, which claims the entire archipelago to be its Mazu Township (馬祖鄉; Mā-cū-hiŏng).
They are named after the goddess Mazu. Kinmen is the other archipelago on the Fujian coast controlled by the ROC.
Fujianese Mainlanders started migrating to the islands during the Yuan Dynasty. Most people on Matsu came from Houguan (侯官) (today Changle County (長樂縣 Diòng-lŏ̤h-gâing), Fujian).
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Meng Xuenong
Meng Xuenong (simplified Chinese: 孟学农; traditional Chinese: 孟學農; pinyin: Mèng Xuénóng; born August 8[citation needed], 1949) is a politician of the People's Republic of China. He was the Governor of Shanxi province. A native of Penglai county, Shandong, Meng had previous provincial-level leadership experience as Mayor of Beijing, until he was dramatically sacked for his failure to control and conceal the SARS epidemic. He is also a member of the 16th CPC Central Committee and a deputy in the 2003-08 National People's Congress.
Meng studied engineering at Beijing Normal University (1969–72) during the later stages of the Cultural Revolution before being assigned to Beijing's No.2 Motor Vehicle Plant. He joined the Communist Party of China (CPC) in July 1972, rising through the ranks of the Beijing municipal Communist Youth League (CYL) and the car industry. In 1986 he was transferred to senior posts in the hospitality industry, briefly serving as General Manager of the Beijing Hotel group. He then spent four years (1991–1995) at the University of Science and Technology of China, alongside Qiang Wei (强卫), who has been a consistent colleague. After graduating with an MBA, he became a vice-mayor of Beijing in 1993.
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Mongol
Mongols (Mongolian: Монголчууд (help·info)), Mongolchuud) are a Central-East Asian ethnic group that lives mainly in the countries of Mongolia, China, and Russia. Owing to wars and migrations, Mongols are also found in some Central Asian states such as Kazakhstan. In China, ethnic Mongols can be found mainly in the central north region of China such as Inner Mongolia (a smaller number of Mongols can also be found in Xinjiang in northwest China). The Buryat branch of the Mongol ethnic group can be found in the autonomous republic of Buryatia, Russia. Ethnic Mongols are bound together by a common language and culture. They speak languages belonging to the Mongolic languages. The contiguous territories inhabited by ethnic Mongols is also known as Greater Mongolia[disambiguation needed 
]. There are approximately 10 million ethnic Mongols in total.
A definition includes the Mongols proper, who can be approximately divided into the eastern Mongols (the Khalkha Mongols, the Inner Mongolians, the Buryats), and the Oirats. In a wider sense, the Mongol people includes all people who speak a Mongolic language, such as the Kalmyks of eastern Europe.
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Paracel Islands
The Paracel Islands, also called Xisha Islands (Chinese: 西沙群岛) in Chinese and Hoàng Sa Islands (Quần đảo Hoàng Sa, 群島黃沙) in Vietnamese, is a group of islands under the administration of Hainan Province, the People's Republic of China. Vietnam and the Republic of China (Taiwan) also claim sovereignty of these islands. China and South Vietnam each occupied part of the Paracel Islands before 1974 when a brief conflict occurred. China took over and has controlled all of the Paracel Islands since then.
The Paracel Islands consist of over 30 islets, sandbanks or reefs, occupy about 15,000 km² of the ocean surface, and are located in the South China Sea. Turtles live on the islands, and seabirds have left nests and guano deposits, but there are no permanent human residents except for a small number of troops. The archipelago is approximately equidistant from the coastlines of Vietnam and China, 180 nautical miles SE of Hainan Island, and about one-third of the way from central Vietnam to the northern Philippines.
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Politics of Shanxi
The politics of Shanxi Province in the People's Republic of China is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in mainland China.
The Governor of Shanxi (山西省省长) is the highest ranking official in the People's Government of Shanxi. However, in the province's dual party-government governing system, the Governor has less power than the Shanxi Communist Party of China Provincial Committee Secretary (山西省委书记), colloquially termed the "Shanxi CPC Party Chief".
Secretaries of the CPC Shanxi Committee:
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Pratas Islands
The Pratas Islands, also called Dongsha Islands (simplified Chinese: 东沙群岛; traditional Chinese: 東沙群島; pinyin: Dōngshā Qúndǎo), consist of three islands forming from an atoll located in northeastern South China Sea, 340 km (211 mi) southeast of Hong Kong. The islands are governed by the Republic of China (Taiwan). The People's Republic of China claims sovereignty over these islands along with all other territories currently controlled by the Republic of China. It is the seventh national park of the Republic of China. The main island of the group, Dongsha Island, is the largest of the South China Sea Islands.
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Province (China)
In the context of Chinese government, a province (sheng), formally provincial level division, is the highest-level administrative division. The People's Republic of China (PRC) currently administers 33 such divisions, classified as 22 provinces, 4 municipalities, 5 autonomous regions and 2 special administrative regions.
Additionally, the PRC claims sovereignty over Taiwan Province, but since the Chinese Civil War ended in 1949 this area has been administered by the Republic of China (ROC) under a province of the same name. The ROC also administers some offshore islands including Quemoy/Kinmen (Jinmen) and Matsu (Mazu), which form Fujian Province, ROC. These were part of an originally unified Fujian province, which since 1949 has been divided between the PRC and ROC.
In the People's Republic of China, every province has a Communist Party of China provincial committee, headed by a secretary beside the two special administrative regions. The committee secretary is in charge of the province, rather than the governor of the provincial government.
wn.com/Province_(China) -
Province of China
In the context of Chinese government, a province (sheng), formally provincial level division, is the highest-level administrative division. The People's Republic of China (PRC) currently administers 33 such divisions, classified as 22 provinces, 4 municipalities, 5 autonomous regions and 2 special administrative regions.
Additionally, the PRC claims sovereignty over Taiwan Province, but since the Chinese Civil War ended in 1949 this area has been administered by the Republic of China (ROC) under a province of the same name. The ROC also administers some offshore islands including Quemoy/Kinmen (Jinmen) and Matsu (Mazu), which form Fujian Province, ROC. These were part of an originally unified Fujian province, which since 1949 has been divided between the PRC and ROC.
In the People's Republic of China, every province has a Communist Party of China provincial committee, headed by a secretary beside the two special administrative regions. The committee secretary is in charge of the province, rather than the governor of the provincial government.
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Senkaku Islands
The Senkaku Islands (尖閣諸島, Senkaku Shotō?, variants: Senkaku-guntō and Senkaku-rettō), also known as the Diaoyu Islands or Diaoyutai Islands (simplified Chinese: 钓鱼岛及其附属岛屿; traditional Chinese: 釣魚台群島; pinyin: Diàoyútái Qúndǎo) or the Pinnacle Islands, are a group of uninhabited islands controlled by Japan in the East China Sea. They are located roughly due east of mainland China, northeast of Taiwan, west of Okinawa Island, and north of the southwestern end of the Ryukyu Islands.
Since the transfer of administration from United States to Japan in 1971, ownership of the islands by Japan has been disputed by the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China (Taiwan). The Chinese claim the discovery and control of the islands from the 14th century. Japan controlled the islands from 1895 until her surrender at the end of World War II. The United States administered them as part of the United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands from 1945 until 1972, when the islands reverted to Japanese control under the Okinawa Reversion Treaty between the United States and Japan.
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Shaanxi
Shaanxi (help·info) (simplified Chinese: 陕西; traditional Chinese: 陝西; pinyin: Shǎnxī; Wade–Giles: Shan-hsi; Postal map spelling: Shensi) is a province in the central part of Mainland China, and it includes portions of the Loess Plateau on the middle reaches of the Yellow River in addition to the Qinling Mountains across the southern part of this province. Shaanxi is the historical home, along with Gansu of the dialect of the Dungans, of the Hui people, who emigrated out of China to Central Asia.
By regular Hanyu Pinyin rules, if tone marks are not written, both Shaanxi and the neighbouring province of Shanxi, to the east of Shaanxi, should be spelled "Shanxi"; the difference is in tone: Shānxī (山西) and Shǎnxī (陕西). To make the difference clear without tonal marks, the spelling "Shaanxi" was contrived (following the romanization system of Yuen Ren Chao) for the province of Shǎnxī, while "Shanxi" is used for the province of Shānxī. Shaanxi is the official spelling on Chinese Government's official web portal. This makes "Shaanxi" the only name of Chinese provinces that has not been romanized according to pinyin rules.
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Shandong
Coordinates: 36°24′N 118°24′E / 36.4°N 118.4°E / 36.4; 118.4
Shandong (help·info) (simplified Chinese: 山东; traditional Chinese: 山東; pinyin: Shāndōng; Wade–Giles: Shan1-tung1) is a coastal province of the People's Republic of China, and is part of the East China region. Shandong has played a major role in Chinese history from the beginning of Chinese civilization along the lower reaches of the Yellow River and served as a pivotal cultural and religious site for Taoism, Chinese Buddhism, and Confucianism. Shandong's Mount Tai is the most revered mountain of Taoism and one of the world's sites with the longest history of continuous religious worship. The Buddhist temples in the mountains to the south of the provincial capital of Jinan were once among the foremost Buddhist sites in China. The city of Qufu is the birthplace of Confucius, and was later established as the center of Confucianism. Shandong's location at the intersection of ancient as well as modern north-south and east-west trading routes have helped to establish it as an economic center. After a period of political instability and economic hardship that began in the late 19th century, Shandong has emerged as one of the most populous (95,793,065 inhabitants at the 2010 Census) and most affluent provinces in the People's Republic of China (GDP of 3.94 trillion CNY in 2010).
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Shanghai
Shanghai is the largest city by population of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the largest city proper by population in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities of the PRC, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010. It is a global city, with influence in commerce, culture, finance, media, fashion, technology, and transport. It is a major financial center and the busiest container port in the world.
Located in the Yangtze River Delta in eastern China, Shanghai sits at the mouth of the Yangtze River in the middle portion of the Chinese coast. The municipality borders Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces to the west, and is bounded to the east by the East China Sea.
Once a fishing and textiles town, Shanghai grew in importance in the 19th century due to European recognition of its favorable port location and economic potential. The city was one of several opened to foreign trade following the British victory over China in the first opium war and the subsequent 1842 Treaty of Nanking which allowed the establishment of the Shanghai International Settlement. The city then flourished as a center of commerce between east and west, and became the undisputed financial hub of the Asia Pacific in the 1930s. However, with the Communist Party takeover of the mainland in 1949, the city's international influence declined. In the 1990s, the economic reforms introduced by Deng Xiaoping resulted in an intense re-development of the city, aiding the return of finance and foreign investment to the city.
wn.com/Shanghai -
Shanxi
Coordinates: 37°42′N 112°24′E / 37.7°N 112.4°E / 37.7; 112.4
Shanxi (help·info) (Chinese: 山西; pinyin: Shānxī; Wade–Giles: Shan-hsi; Postal map spelling: Shansi) is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the North China region. Its one-character abbreviation is "晋" (pinyin: Jìn), after the state of Jin that existed here during the Spring and Autumn Period.
The name Shanxi literally means "mountain's west", which refers to the province's location west of the Taihang Mountains. Shanxi borders Hebei to the east, Henan to the south, Shaanxi to the west, and Inner Mongolia to the north and is made up mainly of a plateau bounded partly by mountain ranges. The capital of the province is Taiyuan.
Shanxi, the territory of state of Jin during the Spring and Autumn Period (722 BC - 403 BC), underwent a three-way split into the states of Han, Zhao and Wei in 403 BC, the traditional date taken as the start of the Warring States Period (403 BC - 221 BC). By 221 BC all of these states had fallen to the state of Qin, which established the Qin Dynasty (221 BC - 206 BC).
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Sichuan
Coordinates: 30°N 103°E / 30°N 103°E / 30; 103
Sichuan (help·info) (Chinese: 四川, known formerly in the West by its postal map spellings of Szechwan or Szechuan) is a province in Southwest China with its capital in Chengdu. The current name of the province, "四川", is an abbreviation of "四川路" (Sì Chuānlù), or "Four circuits of rivers", which is itself abbreviated from "川峡四路" (Chuānxiá Sìlù), or "Four circuits of rivers and gorges", named after the division of the existing circuit into four during the Northern Song Dynasty.
The province and its vicinity were the cradle of unique local civilizations, which can be dated back to at least the fifteenth century BC (coinciding with the later years of the Shang Dynasty). Beginning from the ninth century BC, Shu (today Chengdu) and Ba (today Chongqing City) emerged as cultural and administrative centers where two rival kingdoms were established.
Shu's existence was unknown until an archaeological discovery in 1986 at a small village named Sanxingdui (三星堆) in Guanghan County. It is believed to be an ancient city of the Shu Kingdom, where excavations have yielded invaluable archaeological information.
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Spratly Islands
The Spratly Islands are a group of more than 750 reefs,islets, atolls, cays and islands in the South China Sea. The archipelago lies off the coasts of the Philippines and Malaysia (Sabah), about one third of the way from there to southern Vietnam. They contain less than four square kilometers of land area spread over more than 425,000 square kilometers of sea. The Spratlys are one of three archipelagos of the South China Sea which comprise more than 30,000 islands and reefs and which complicate governance and economics in that region of Southeast Asia. Such small and remote islands have little economic value in themselves, but are important in establishing international boundaries. There are no native islanders but there are, at least for now, rich fishing grounds; and initial surveys indicate the islands may contain significant reserves of oil and natural gas.
About 45 islands are occupied by relatively small numbers of military forces from Vietnam, the People's Republic of China, the Republic of China (Taiwan), Malaysia and the Philippines. Brunei has also claimed an EEZ in the southeastern part of the Spratlys encompassing just one area of small islands above mean high water (on Louisa Reef.)
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Tianjin
Tianjin (help·info) (Chinese: 天津; pinyin: Tiānjīn; Mandarin pronunciation: [tʰjɛ́ntɕín]; Tianjinese: /tʰiɛn˨˩tɕin˨˩/~[tʰjɛ̃̀ɦɪ̀ŋ]; Postal map spelling: Tientsin) is a metropolis in northern China and one of the five national central cities of the People's Republic of China. It is governed as a direct-controlled municipality, one of four such designations, and is, thus, under direct administration of the central government. Tianjin borders Hebei Province and Beijing Municipality, bounded to the east by the Bohai Gulf portion of the Yellow Sea.
As a dual-core city, Tianjin is divided into the old city and the Binhai New Area. Binhai New Area is a new growth pole in China, and it maintains an annual growth rate of nearly 30% of the GDP. As of the end of 2010, 285 Fortune Global 500 companies have established branch offices in Binhai. It is a base of China's advanced industry, financial reform, and innovation.
In terms of urban population, it is the sixth-largest city of the People's Republic of China, and its urban land area (Binhai New Area is not included) ranks fifth in the nation after Beijing, Shanghai, Wuhan and Guangzhou. Tianjin's urban area is located along the Hai River, which connects to the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers via the Grand Canal in Tianjin. Tianjin was once home to foreign concessions in the late Qing Dynasty and early Kuomintang (KMT) era. The municipality incorporates the coastal region of Tanggu, home to the Binhai New Area and the Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA).
wn.com/Tianjin -
Town of China
When referring to political divisions of China, town is the standard English translation of the Chinese 鎮 (simplified: 镇; pinyin: zhèn; Wade-Giles chen4). It is a fourth-level administrative unit, i.e. one of the units into which counties and districts are divided.
Another common fourth-level unit is the township (乡; pinyin: xiāng); a township is typically smaller in population and more remote than a town (zhèn).
Similarly to a higher-level administrative units, the borders of a town (zhen) would typically include an urban core (what one would call a "town" in Europe or America - a small town with the population on the order of 10,000 people), as well as rural area with some villages (村 cun, or 庄 zhuang).
A typical provincial map would merely show a zhen with a circle centered at its urban area and labeled with its name, while a more detailed one (e.g., the map of Xianning prefecture-level city at its official web site) would also show the borders dividing the county or county-level city into town (镇) and/or township (乡) units.
wn.com/Town_of_China -
Township of China
Township (China) may refer to:
wn.com/Township_of_China -
Xianbei
The Xianbei (simplified Chinese: 鲜卑; traditional Chinese: 鮮卑; pinyin: Xiānbēi; Wade–Giles: Hsien-pei) were a significant Mongolic nomadic people residing in Manchuria, Inner Mongolia and eastern Mongolia.
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Xinjiang
Xinjiang (XUAR) (Uyghur: شىنجاڭ, ULY: Shinjang; Mandarin pronunciation: [ɕíntɕjɑ́ŋ]; Chinese: 新疆; pinyin: Xīnjiāng; Wade–Giles: Hsin1-chiang1; Postal map spelling: Sinkiang) is an autonomous region (Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region) of the People's Republic of China. It is the largest Chinese administrative division and spans over 1.6 million km2. Xinjiang borders Russia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan and India, has abundant oil reserves and is China's largest natural gas-producing region.
It is home to a number of different ethnic groups including the Uyghur, Han, Kazakh, Hui, Kyrgyz, and Mongol. More than a dozen autonomous prefectures and counties for minorities are located in Xinjiang. Older English-language reference works often refer to the area as Chinese Turkestan, Sinkiang, and East Turkestan. Xinjiang is divided into the Dzungarian Basin in the north and the Tarim Basin in the south by a mountain range. Only about 4.3% of Xinjiang's land area is fit for human habitation.
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Yen Hsi-shan
Yan Xishan, (traditional Chinese: 閻錫山; simplified Chinese: 阎锡山; pinyin: Yán Xíshān; Wade–Giles: Yen Hsi-shan) (8 October 1883 – 22 July 1960) was a Chinese warlord who served in the government of the Republic of China. Yan effectively controlled the province of Shanxi from the 1911 Xinhai Revolution to the 1949 Communist victory in the Chinese Civil War. As the leader of a relatively small, poor, remote province, Yan Xishan survived the machinations of Yuan Shikai, the Warlord Era, the Nationalist Era, the Japanese invasion of China, and the subsequent civil war, being forced from office only when the Nationalist armies with which he was aligned had completely lost control of the Chinese mainland, isolating Shanxi from any source of economic or military supply. Yan has been viewed by Western biographers as a transitional figure who advocated using Western technology to protect Chinese traditions, while at the same time reforming older political, social, and economic conditions in a way that paved the way for the radical changes that would occur after his rule.
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Yu Youjun
Yu Youjun (simplified Chinese: 于幼军; traditional Chinese: 于幼軍; pinyin: Yú Yòujūn; born January 1953) is a politician of the People's Republic of China. He is currently a deputy director of the Office of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project Commission of the State Council. Among other positions, he was once the mayor of Shenzhen, governor of Shanxi province, and secretary of the leading party group of the Ministry of Culture. In October 2008 he was removed from the 17th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and put on probation for 2 years.
A native of Feng County in Jiangsu, Yu holds a doctorate in philosophy. He joined the CPC in June 1976. Working mainly in Guangdong province, he eventually served as the party secretaries of various districts in the city of Guangzhou. From 1994 to 2000 he was a member of the standing committee and concurrently chief of the propaganda department of the CPC Guangdong Provincial Committee.
Yu came to prominence as Mayor of Shenzhen, China's first and arguably most successful Special Economic Zone (SEZ), from 2000 to 2003. In November 2002, a 18,000-character essay "Shenzhen, who has abandoned you?" published online by a netizen 'Crazy for her' (wǒwèiyīkuáng) attracted much attention for its comprehensive and data-rich examination of various public policies pertaining to the SEZ and the implications of extending them to other parts of the country. Mayor Yu met with the author of the essay Guo Zhongxiao (呙中校) on January 19, 2003, to discuss his essay and exchange views on Shenzhen and its development. His act was hailed in various media as a great step forward in boosting communication and dialog between high officials and Internet users.
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Yuan Chunqing
Yuan Chunqing (Chinese: 袁纯清; March 1952 -) is the former governor of Shanxi Province in the People's Republic of China, and the vice secretary of the Communist Party of China Shanxi committee.
Yuan was born in Hanzhou, Hunan Province. He graduated from the department of law of Peking University, and obtained a masters degree in law from the China University of Political Science and Law in 1990, as well as a doctoral degree in management from the international business school of Hunan University.
He has been an alternate member of the 16th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and a full member of the 17th Central Committee.
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Zhejiang
Coordinates: 29°12′N 120°30′E / 29.2°N 120.5°E / 29.2; 120.5
Zhejiang (Chinese: 浙江; pinyin: Zhèjiāng; Wade–Giles: Che-chiang or Chekiang) is an eastern coastal province of the People's Republic of China. The word Zhejiang (crooked river) was the old name of the Qiantang River, which passes through Hangzhou, the provincial capital. The name of the province is often abbreviated to its first character, "浙".
Zhejiang borders Jiangsu province and Shanghai municipality to the north, Anhui province to the northwest, Jiangxi province to the west, and Fujian province to the south; to the east is the East China Sea, beyond which lie the Ryukyu Islands of Japan.
The area of modern Zhejiang was outside the major sphere of influence of early Chinese civilization during the Shang Dynasty (sixteenth century to eleventh century BC). Instead, this area was populated by peoples collectively known as the Yue, such as the Dongyue and the Ouyue. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the state of Yue emerged in northern Zhejiang. The Yue state was heavily influenced by the Chinese civilization further north. Under King Goujian of Yue, Yue reached its zenith and was able to wipe out the powerful state of Wu to its immediate north, in 473 BC. Then, in 333 BC, Yue was in turn conquered by the state of Chu, which was to the west. In 221 BC, the state of Qin completed the conquest of the last of the formerly independent states of China, including the state of Chu. This conquest made what is now Zhejiang part of a unified Chinese empire.
wn.com/Zhejiang
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Beautiful pictures of Shanxi Province
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:21
- Updated: 24 Oct 2012
Beautiful pictures of the unique buildings and scenery of Shanxi Province of China. We do not own credits to any of these photos. Pictures from:www.pics-site.com
http://wn.com/Beautiful_pictures_of_Shanxi_Province
Cotton Mountain ~ Shanxi Province
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:15
- Updated: 15 Nov 2012
Cotton Mountain Shanxi Province, China & Hanging Monasteries. All credit to fly_silence@163.com for images & Sounds of Nature, Relax, Chinese Bamboo Flute Music. No Copyright infringement intended.
http://wn.com/Cotton_Mountain_~_Shanxi_Province
Pingyao,Shanxi,China
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:01
- Updated: 24 Oct 2012
walled ancient city Of Pingyao in Shanxi Province,China
http://wn.com/Pingyao,Shanxi,China
Shanxi Slashing Noodle Concerto
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:31
- Updated: 02 Oct 2012
Theatrical Chinese Cooking at its best!
http://wn.com/Shanxi_Slashing_Noodle_Concerto
chinese shanxi province Modern slave
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:22
- Updated: 01 Jun 2012
i was shocked ,this is Harmony china？？？？？？？
http://wn.com/chinese_shanxi_province_Modern_slave
Shanxi Province: Tourist Attractions
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:40
- Updated: 28 Sep 2012
People's Republic of China (Part 6).
http://wn.com/Shanxi_Province_Tourist_Attractions
Shanxi Xingyi (1of2)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:17
- Updated: 19 Nov 2012
Wang Ying performing Siba Four Siezes, Zhang Shutian performing 5 elements, a Linkage performance, and Zhao Yongchang performing Song style Animals.
http://wn.com/Shanxi_Xingyi_1of2
Shanxi Xingyi (2of2)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:58
- Updated: 08 Oct 2012
Xing Yi's 5 elements performed by an aged fellow; 2nd, Lui Guichang performing a linkage form; and lastly a Xing Yi 2 person set.
http://wn.com/Shanxi_Xingyi_2of2
Wenmiao Temple in Shanxi Taiyuan: April 2008
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:34
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
Wen Miao Budist Temple built in the Tang Dynasty. Shanxi Taiyuan in April 2008...
http://wn.com/Wenmiao_Temple_in_Shanxi_Taiyuan_April_2008
Noodle Making in Shanxi, China 山西刀削面和晋中面食文化
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:58
- Updated: 21 Oct 2012
Central Shanxi is the noodle capital of China. Marco Polo visited this area two times on his legendary trip to China and stole the noodle-making secret to Italy and Europe where people at that time could make only bread out of flour. Introduction of noodle to Europe not only added more tastes to Italian's dining tables but also helped them to resolve the problem of conserving wheat-made food. Most of noodle-making tricks invented in Shanxi have now spread to other provinces of China. Gradually some of them, for example "la mian" (拉面) or hand-pulled noodle, even lost their originated-in-Shanxi labels as they gain popularity in new places. Yet the knife-sliced noodle is still primarily only found in Shanxi. A lot of people love eating knife-sliced noodle(刀削面) but only Shanxi guys know how to make it. By training and practicing, anybody can become an expert of hand-pulled noodle or "La-Mian"(拉面). However unless you have at least one or two real genetic genes of Shanxi from your grandpa or grandma, nobody can make a bowl of knife-sliced noodles look and taste like "Dao Xue Mian"刀削面. This is one of a few remaining precious culture birthmark of our Shanxi people, the proud descendants of ancient Jin Kindom(晋国) and San Jin Culture(三晋文化). 山西人的面食文化
http://wn.com/Noodle_Making_in_Shanxi,_China_山西刀削面和晋中面食文化
Shanxi's special pulled noodles
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:21
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
From my trip to China. My mom's the one doing translation for my step dad.
http://wn.com/Shanxi's_special_pulled_noodles
China: Train to Shanxi Taiyuan: April 2008
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:50
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
Footage of me on the train ride to Shanxi Taiyuan, April 2008
http://wn.com/China_Train_to_Shanxi_Taiyuan_April_2008
Discovering China - Shanxi Style Praying Mantis Kung Fu
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:49
- Updated: 05 Nov 2012
[Ben] "So I'm here with Longfei Yang, he's a master of the Shanxi style Praying Mantis Kung Fu, thanks very much for being here with us today Longfei." [Longfei Yang, Praying Mantis Kung Fu Master] "I'm very happy to be here with everyone." [Ben] "So Longfei, can you give us a little introduction, what is the Shanxi style Praying Mantis?" [Longfei Yang, Praying Mantis Kung Fu Master] "The history of the Praying Mantis style can be verified by many historical records which all say that it started with a Chinese man called Wang Lang. Wang Lang saw some Praying Mantis's while he was in a competition. He had lost in a competition of martial arts and then saw a Praying Mantis fighting a cicada. Using the movements of the Praying Mantis he created the Praying Mantis style Kung Fu. Later on, the Praying Mantis was spread over the country through Shaolin Temples. In Chinese history, there was a General in Yuanguo Temple in Shanxi Province. When he went back to his hometown in Henan Province after his retirement, he found that a little Shaolin monk called Xiaolong was learning the Praying Mantis from the General's son. The little monk was very interested in this Mantis. The General was very unhappy that his son is teaching the Mantis to an outsider. In ancient China, families are usually conservative on this. Monk Xiaolong was very smart. He asked to become a disciple to learn the Praying Mantis. The abbot in the temple also helped him to convince the General to teach him. Thus ...
http://wn.com/Discovering_China_Shanxi_Style_Praying_Mantis_Kung_Fu
Shanxi Xingyi 2 Person Practice
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:00
- Updated: 08 Nov 2012
Two older Che Style fellows practicing their Xingyi. Clips originaly provided by Wu Liming, from Xugou, Shanxi.
http://wn.com/Shanxi_Xingyi_2_Person_Practice
Threat:Exceptional phenomenon bofore the quake in Shanxi
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:47
- Updated: 15 May 2012
wuhan027.topcities.com Earthquake threat：Exceptional phenomenon appeared in the sky 10 minutes bofore the earthquake on May 12,2008 in Mei County,Shanxi,China. Threat phenomenon bofore the quake in Shanxi
http://wn.com/ThreatExceptional_phenomenon_bofore_the_quake_in_Shanxi
7ヶ月妊婦を強制堕胎Shanxi Late-term Forced Abortion Sparks Outrage
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:52
- Updated: 19 Nov 2012
News of a woman from northern China forced to have a late term abortion has sparked outraged. Feng Jianmei is from Ankang in Shanxi Province. Local family planning officials said she had violated the Chinese regime's one-child policy when she fell pregnant with a second child. On June 2nd Feng was forced to end her pregnancy at more than seven months, rights groups reported. Graphic pictures of Feng in hospital after the forced abortion caused uproar. [Chinese Netizen]: "I think this is just too cruel and inhumane. The government needs to change. The right to give birth is the most fundamental right. This birth planning policy must be removed." Local officials have since denied forcing Feng to abort, claiming she had agreed to the procedure. Feng had earlier been unable to pay a fine of 40000 Yuan, or around 6300 US dollars, for her second pregnancy. Chinese rights lawyer Li Tiantian says Feng's case is just one of many abuses that happen under China's one-child policy. [Li Tiantian, Chinese Rights Lawyer]: "I previously heard about induced births at 8 or 9 months, and family planning officials end up drowning the live babies. From a legal standpoint this is murder. This is what the government does." Rights groups have long condemned the brutal practices of China's family planning authorities. They've been calling on western governments and international organizations to step up pressure on the Chinese regime to end the abuse of women and children. Tags: China forced ...
http://wn.com/7ヶ月妊婦を強制堕胎Shanxi_Late-term_Forced_Abortion_Sparks_Outrage
Gai Shanxi and Her Sisters (盖山西和她的姐妹们) - Clip 3
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:55
- Updated: 30 Nov 2010
Ban Zhongyi (班忠义). China, 2007. Documentary, 80 min. Mandarin, Japanese, Shanxi dialect w/ English subtitles. Rent Gai Shanxi and Her SIsters at Amazon here: www.amazon.com GAI SHANXI AND HER SISTERS tells the story of one womans brutal ordeal as a comfort woman for the Japanese Army during World War II.Hou Dong-E, known as Gai Shanxi, the fairest woman in Chinas Shanxi province, was one of the many women abducted from their villages to be sexually enslaved by Japanese soldiers stationed nearby. Fifty years later, she joined other women throughout Asia to seek justice and reparations, but she died before her demands were answered. Chinese filmmaker Ban Zhongyi unearths Gai Shanxis tragic life through the stories of the surviving women in the region. Ban also collects revelatory testimonies from former Japanese soldiers stationed in Shanxi during the war, breaking a decades-long silence over a dark chapter of Chinas history. Following one womans heroic journey, GAI SHANXI AND HER SISTERS tells a universal story of female solidarity and survival. To purchase or rent, visit dgeneratefilms.com
http://wn.com/Gai_Shanxi_and_Her_Sisters_盖山西和她的姐妹们_Clip_3
Yingxian Wooden Pagoda, Datong, Shanxi, China
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:30
- Updated: 27 Jun 2012
http://wn.com/Yingxian_Wooden_Pagoda,_Datong,_Shanxi,_China
Stephon Marbury in Shanxi, China - shoot-around
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:00
- Updated: 04 Sep 2012
Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China. January 30, 2010. The team is the Shanxi Zhongyu (Brave Dragons) of the Chinese Basketball Association. heartofbeijing.blogspot.com
http://wn.com/Stephon_Marbury_in_Shanxi,_China_shoot-around
Making Traditional Hand-Pulled Noodles from Shanxi, China
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 18:50
- Updated: 31 Oct 2012
SupremeMasterTV.com Making Traditional Hand-Pulled Noodles from Shanxi, China (In Chinese). Episode 1131, Air Date: 19 October 2009.
http://wn.com/Making_Traditional_Hand-Pulled_Noodles_from_Shanxi,_China
XINGYI - 5 ELEMENTS - Song Style - Shanxi
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:39
- Updated: 15 Nov 2012
Xingyi 5 Elements, Song style, demonstrated in Shanxi. Zhao family. www.chinesemartialarts.eu
http://wn.com/XINGYI_5_ELEMENTS_Song_Style_Shanxi
Child slaves, Shanxi, China. 山西童奴
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:01
- Updated: 30 Aug 2012
For whom the bell tolls? For you, and me. We all chinese are sinners with these crimes. 丧钟为谁而鸣？丧钟为你我而鸣。在这样的罪行面前，每一个中国人，都是罪人。
http://wn.com/Child_slaves,_Shanxi,_China_山西童奴
Stephon Marbury practicing with Shanxi's full squad
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:17
- Updated: 04 Sep 2012
Shanxi Zhongyu practice in the Chinese Basketball Association on Tuesday afternoon, February 2, 2010. Marbury arrived in Taiyuan, Shanxi, China exactly one week ago at 11 pm heartofbeijing.blogspot.com
http://wn.com/Stephon_Marbury_practicing_with_Shanxi's_full_squad
photo: AP / Jerome Delay
25 Nov 2012
Joseph Kabila, president of the Democratic Republic of Congo, has held direct talks with the leader of the M23 rebels in Uganda, hours after a regional summit called on them to end their offensive in the east of the country. Jean-Marie Runiga Lugerero, the political leader of the eastern DR Congo rebel group, said on Sunday he had an initial meeting with Kabila after the summit in the Ugandan capital, Kampala, ended on Saturday....(size: 20.0Kb)
photo: AP
26 Nov 2012
This town of 19,000 nestled in an idyllic mountain pass of impossibly green pastures and golden autumn trees is on the front lines of Turkey's rapidly escalating guerrilla war. In a struggle for autonomy as well as independent language and education rights, the outlawed Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) has waged a low-grade conflict in Turkey for decades. ... 4 just as a Turkish army tank rolled by. ... "The violence is getting worse....(size: 8.8Kb)
photo: AP / Henry Griffin
26 Nov 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling "In our opinion and from our experience," declared John Kerry in 1971, "there is nothing in South Vietnam which could happen that realistically threatens the United States of America. And to attempt to justify the loss of one American life in Vietnam, Cambodia or Laos by linking such loss to the preservation of freedom..is to us the height of criminal hypocrisy..." ... The U.S....(size: 6.4Kb)
photo: AP / Ahmed Gomaa
26 Nov 2012
Egyptian President Mohammed Mursi is due to meet meet senior judges to try and ease a crisis over the extent of his powers. A decree giving him sweeping new powers was announced on Thursday, sparking violent nationwide protests and leading to a 9% drop in Egypt's stock market. Mr Mursi said on Sunday the decree was temporary and not intended to concentrate power in his hands. ... ....(size: 2.8Kb)
Wall Street Journal
27 Nov 2012
The farmer-turned-entrepreneur figured that to stay in business, he had to get bigger, say former employees and others familiar with his business. ... Three years later, Mr. Wang is in financial trouble. ... The biggest loan to Mr. ... Mr. ... Wang's troubles began in 2009 when the government in northern Shanxi province, responding to several mining accidents, launched a campaign to force small coal mines to shut down or sell to state-owned enterprises....(size: 5.9Kb)
Caixin Online
26 Nov 2012
A restaurant explosion in Shouyang
County, Shanxi Province, killed 14 people Economic
Conference to Discuss 7.5 Percent Growth
The annual Central Economic Work Conference will be held in December, and
among the many goals that will be discussed is achieving economic growth of 7.5
percent in 2013, according to ....(size: 4.0Kb)
Stockhouse
26 Nov 2012
"The Huajie facility nearly doubles our storage capacity to a total of 220,000 metric tons and extends our reach into the fast-growing industrial area of northern Shanxi Province," stated Mr. ... The Company's headquarters are located in Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province. ... The Company's storage tanks have the largest storage capacity of any non-government operated entity in Shanxi....(size: 9.4Kb)
CNTV
25 Nov 2012
BEIJING, Nov. ... Tracy became the only league player who received warmly cheer even in a road game. ... Former Lakers player Mbenga had a double-digit 15 points and 10 rebounds for Qingdao. ... In Sunday's other games, Liaoning Hengye beat Jilin Northeast Tiger 103-84, Shanxi Zhongyu beat Dongguan Marco Polo 112-111, Bayi Fubang beat Tianjin Ronggang 97-86, Shandong Gold beat Foshan Long Lions 97-85, Zhejiang Guangsha beat Zhejiang Chouzhou 95-81....(size: 6.6Kb)
Sun Sentinel
25 Nov 2012
(Reuters) - China's princelings, the children of the country's political elite, have often had a poor image with a string of scandals in the past three decades, including execution for hooliganism, defection and more recently murder and corruption. ... Li junior is tipped to be promoted as governor of the northern coal-rich province of Shanxi from executive vice governor, sources with ties to the leadership told Reuters....(size: 5.5Kb)
The Hindu
24 Nov 2012
Xinhua
24 Nov 2012
Photo taken on Nov. 24, 2012 shows the explosion site at Xiyangyang (Happy Sheep) Hotpot Restaurant in Shouyang County of Jinzhong City, north China's Shanxi Province. ... (Xinhua/Yan Yan) TAIYUAN, Nov. 24 (Xinhua) -- The death toll from an explosion at a hot pot restaurant in north China's Shanxi Province on Friday evening rose to 14 early Saturday with another 47 people being injured, local investigators said....(size: 2.0Kb)
Seattle Post
24 Nov 2012
The government of Shouyang county in Shanxi province says on its official website that a gas leak caused the blast and triggered a fire Friday evening at the ......(size: 0.8Kb)
Star Tribune
24 Nov 2012
The government of Shouyang county in Shanxi province says on its official website that a gas leak caused the blast and triggered a fire Friday evening at the Xinyangyang hotpot restaurant. ......(size: 1.0Kb)
Newsvine
24 Nov 2012
The government of Shouyang county in Shanxi province says on its official website that a gas leak caused the blast and triggered a fire Friday evening at the Xinyangyang hotpot restaurant. ... ....(size: 0.9Kb)
Khaleej Times
24 Nov 2012
The Times of India
24 Nov 2012
Coordinates: 37°42′N 112°24′E / 37.7°N 112.4°E / 37.7; 112.4
Not to be confused with the neighbouring province of Shaanxi.
| Shanxi Province | |||||||||
|
|||||||||
| Abbreviations: simplified Chinese: 晋; traditional Chinese: 晉 (pinyin: Jìn) | |||||||||
.svg) |
|||||||||
| Origin of name | 山 shān - mountain 西 xī - west "west of the Taihang Mountains" |
||||||||
| Administration type | Province | ||||||||
| Capital (and largest city) |
Taiyuan | ||||||||
| CPC Ctte Secretary | Yuan Chunqing | ||||||||
| Governor | Wang Jun | ||||||||
| Area | 156,800 km2 (60,500 sq mi) (19th) | ||||||||
| - Latitude | 34° 35' to 40° 44' N | ||||||||
| - Longitude | 110° 13' to 114° 33' E | ||||||||
| Population (2010) - Density |
35,712,111 (18th) 213 /km2 (550 /sq mi) (19th) |
||||||||
| GDP (2011) - per capita |
CNY 1110.0 billion US$ 176.2 billion (21st) CNY 26,283 US$ 3,883 (17th) |
||||||||
| HDI (2008) | 0.800 (high) (14th) | ||||||||
| Ethnic composition | Han - 99.7% Hui - 0.2% |
||||||||
| Languages and dialects | {{{Dialects}}} | ||||||||
| Prefectural level | 11 divisions | ||||||||
| County level | 119 divisions | ||||||||
| Township level* | 1388 divisions | ||||||||
| ISO 3166-2 | CN-14 | ||||||||
| Official website www.shanxigov.cn (Chinese) |
|||||||||
| Source for population and GDP data:
《中国统计年鉴—2005》 China Statistical Yearbook 2005
Source for nationalities data:
ISBN 7503747382 《2000年人口普查中国民族人口资料》 Tabulation on nationalities of 2000 population census of China
*As at December 31, 2004ISBN 7105054255 |
|||||||||
| Template ■ Discussion ■ WikiProject China | |||||||||
Shanxi (help·info) (Chinese: 山西; pinyin: Shānxī; Wade–Giles: Shan-hsi; Postal map spelling: Shansi) is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the North China region. Its one-character abbreviation is "晋" (pinyin: Jìn), after the state of Jin that existed here during the Spring and Autumn Period.
The name Shanxi literally means "mountain's west", which refers to the province's location west of the Taihang Mountains.[1] Shanxi borders Hebei to the east, Henan to the south, Shaanxi to the west, and Inner Mongolia to the north and is made up mainly of a plateau bounded partly by mountain ranges. The capital of the province is Taiyuan.
Contents |
History[link]
Shanxi, the territory of state of Jin during the Spring and Autumn Period (722 BC - 403 BC), underwent a three-way split into the states of Han, Zhao and Wei in 403 BC, the traditional date taken as the start of the Warring States Period (403 BC - 221 BC). By 221 BC all of these states had fallen to the state of Qin, which established the Qin Dynasty (221 BC - 206 BC).
The Han Dynasty (206 BC - AD 220) ruled Shanxi as the province (zhou) of Bingzhou (幷州 Bīng Zhōu). During the invasion of northern nomads during the Sixteen Kingdoms period (304 - 439), several regimes including Later Zhao, Former Yan, Former Qin, and Later Yan continuously controlled what is now Shanxi. They were followed by Northern Wei (386 - 534), a Xianbei kingdom, which had one of its earlier capitals at present-day Datong in northern Shanxi, and which went on to rule nearly all of northern China.
The Tang Dynasty (618 - 907) originated in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province. Modern Chinese people are called Tang Ren globally due to the power and impact of the Tang Dynasty in history. During the Tang Dynasty and after, the area was called Hédōng (河東), or "east of the (Yellow) river". Empress Wu Zetian, China's only female ruler, was born in Shanxi Province.
During the first part of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period (907 - 960), Shanxi supplied rule for three of the Five Dynasties, as well as being the only one of the Ten Kingdoms located in northern China. Shanxi was initially home to the jiedushi (commander) of Hedong, Li Cunxu, who overthrew the first of the Five Dynasties, Later Liang Dynasty (907 - 923) to establish the second, Later Tang Dynasty (923 - 936). Another jiedushi of Hedong, Shi Jingtang, overthrew Later Tang to establish the third of the Five Dynasties, Later Jin Dynasty, and yet another jiedushi of Hedong, Liu Zhiyuan, established the fourth of the Five Dynasties (Later Han Dynasty) after the Khitans destroyed Later Jin, the third. Finally, when the fifth of the Five Dynasties (Later Zhou Dynasty) emerged, the jiedushi of Hedong at the time, Liu Chong, rebelled and established an independent state called Northern Han, one of the Ten Kingdoms, in what is now northern and central Shanxi.
Shi Jingtang, founder of the Later Jin Dynasty, the third of the Five Dynasties, ceded a large slice of northern China to the Khitans in return for military assistance. This territory, called The Sixteen Prefectures of Yanyun, included a part of northern Shanxi. The ceded territory became a major problem for China's defense against the Khitans for the next 100 years, because it lies to the south of the Great Wall.
During the Northern Song Dynasty (960 - 1127), the sixteen ceded prefectures continued to be an area of contention between Song China and the Liao Dynasty. Later the Southern Song Dynasty abandoned all of North China to the Jurchen Jin Dynasty (1115-1234) in 1127, including Shanxi.
The Mongol Yuan Dynasty divided China into provinces but did not establish Shanxi as a province. Shanxi only gained its present name and approximate borders in the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644). During the Qing Dynasty (1644–1911), Shanxi extended northwards beyond the Great Wall to include parts of Inner Mongolia, including what is now the city of Hohhot, and overlapped with the jurisdiction of the Eight Banners and the Guihua Tümed banner in that area.
During most of the Republic of China's period of rule over mainland China (1912–1949), the warlord Yen Hsi-shan held Shanxi, regardless of the frequent political upheavals shaking the rest of China. During the Second Sino-Japanese War, Japan occupied much of the province after defeating China in the Battle of Taiyuan. Shanxi was also a major battlefield between the Japanese and the Chinese communist guerrillas of the Eighth Route Army during the war.
After the defeat of Japan, much of the Shanxi countryside became important bases for the communist People's Liberation Army in the ensuing Chinese Civil War. Yen had incorporated thousands of former Japanese soldiers among his own forces, and these soldiers became part of his failed defense of Taiyuan against the People's Liberation Army in early 1949.
For centuries Shanxi served as the center of trade and banking, with the term "Shanxi Merchant" (晋商 jìnshāng) once synonymous with wealth. The well-preserved city of Pingyao in Shanxi also shows many signs of its former dominance as a center of trade and banking. Due to Shanxi's geographic location in the Great China and its natural environment, Shanxi was the richest province in Zhongyuan or Center China. In the Qing Dynasty, Pingyao served as the centre of Chinese banking industry. This county, in contemporary time, is famous for its UNESCO ancient city walls and ancient China's equivalent of modern day Wall Street for its financial importance in history. In modern times, coal mining is important in Shanxi's economy, but severe critics have complained of deplorable mine conditions. Since 2004 the province has been plagued with labour safety issues, including a slave labour scandal involving children, causing significant civil unrest and national embarrassment.
Geography[link]
Shanxi is located on a plateau made up of higher ground to the east (Taihang Mountains) and the west (Lüliang Mountains) and a series of valleys in the center through which the Fen River runs. The highest peak is Mount Wutai (Wutai Shan) in northeastern Shanxi with an altitude of 3058 m. The Great Wall of China forms most of the northern border with Inner Mongolia. The Zhongtiao Mountains run along part of the southern border and separate Shanxi from the east-west part of the Yellow River. Mount Hua is to the southwest.
The Huang He (Yellow River) forms the western border of Shanxi with Shaanxi. The Fen and Qin rivers, tributaries of the Huang He, run north-to-south through the province, and drain much of its area. The north of the province is drained by tributaries of the Hai River, such as Sanggan and Hutuo rivers. The largest natural lake in Shanxi is Xiechi Lake, a salt lake near Yuncheng in southwestern Shanxi.
Shanxi has a continental monsoon climate, and is rather arid. Average January temperatures are below 0 °C, while average July temperatures are around 21 - 26 °C. Winters are long, dry, and cold, while summer is warm and humid. Spring is extremely dry and prone to dust storms. Shanxi is one of the sunniest parts of China; early summer heat waves are common. Annual precipitation averages around 350–700 mm, with 60% of it concentrated between June and August. [2]
Major cities:
Administrative divisions[link]
Main articles: List of administrative divisions of Shanxi and List of township-level divisions of Shanxi
Shanxi is divided into eleven prefecture-level divisions, all of them prefecture-level cities:
| Map | # | Name | Administrative Seat | Hanzi Hanyu Pinyin |
Population (2010) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
|||||
| — Prefecture-level city — | |||||
| 1 | Taiyuan | Xinghualing District | 太原市 Tàiyuán Shì |
4,201,591 | |
| 2 | Changzhi | Chengqu District | 长治市 Chángzhì Shì |
3,334,564 | |
| 3 | Datong | Chengqu District | 大同市 Dàtóng Shì |
3,318,057 | |
| 4 | Jincheng | Chengqu District | 晋城市 Jìnchéng Shì |
2,279,151 | |
| 5 | Jinzhong | Yuci District | 晋中市 Jìnzhōng Shì |
3,249,425 | |
| 6 | Linfen | Yaodu District | 临汾市 Línfén Shì |
4,316,612 | |
| 7 | Lüliang | Lishi District | 吕梁市 Lǚliáng Shì |
3,727,057 | |
| 8 | Shuozhou | Shuocheng District | 朔州市 Shuòzhōu Shì |
1,714,857 | |
| 9 | Xinzhou | Xinfu District | 忻州市 Xīnzhōu Shì |
3,067,501 | |
| 10 | Yangquan | Chengqu District | 阳泉市 Yángquán Shì |
1,368,502 | |
| 11 | Yuncheng | Yanhu District | 运城市 Yùnchéng Shì |
5,134,794 | |
The 11 prefecture-level divisions of Shanxi are subdivided into 119 county-level divisions (23 districts, 11 county-level cities, and 85 counties). Those are in turn divided into 1388 township-level divisions (561 towns, 634 townships, and 193 subdistricts).
Politics[link]
Main articles: Politics of Shanxi and List of provincial leaders of the People's Republic of China
The Politics of Shanxi Province is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in mainland China.[citation needed]
The Governor of Shanxi (山西省省长) is the highest ranking official in the People's Government of Shanxi. However, in the province's dual party-government governing system, the Governor has less power than the Shanxi Communist Party of China Provincial Committee Secretary (山西省委书记), colloquially termed the "Shanxi CPC Party Chief".
The province went through significant political instability since 2004, due largely to the number of scandals that have hit the province, mostly on labour safety. Yu Youjun and Meng Xuenong were top officials appointed by the central government to resolve sensitive issues as the province's party boss. However, the situation has, by and large, deteriorated during their tenures in office. As a result both Yu and Meng were forced to relocate themselves to relatively insignificant positions elsewhere in the country. In 2008 Shanxi's regional political problems were complicated by the death of Political Consultative Conference Chair Jin Yinhuan due to a car accident.
Economy[link]
The GDP per capita of Shanxi is below national average. Compared to the provinces in East China, Shanxi is less developed for many reasons. Its geographic location limits it participation in international trade, which involves mostly eastern coastal provinces. Important crops in Shanxi include wheat, maize, millet, legumes, and potatoes. The local climate and dwindling water resources limits agriculture in Shanxi.[2]
Shanxi possesses 260 billion metric tons of known coal deposits, about one third of China's total. As a result, Shanxi is a leading producer of coal in China and has more coal companies than any other province,[3], with an annual production exceeding 300 million metric tonnes. The Datong (大同), Ningwu (宁武), Xishan (西山), Hedong (河东), Qinshui (沁水), and Huoxi (霍西) coalfields are some of the most important in Shanxi. Shanxi also contains about 500 million tonnes of bauxite deposits, about one third of total Chinese bauxite reserves.[4][5]
Industry in Shanxi is centered around heavy industries such as coal and chemical production, power generation, and metal refining.[citation needed] There are countless military-related industries in Shanxi Province due to its geographic location and history when it is used to be the base of the Chinese Communist Party and the People's Liberation Army. Taiyuan Satellite Launch Centre, one of China's three satellite launch centers, is located in the middle of Shanxi Province with China's largest stockpile of nuclear missiles.
Many private corporations joint with the state-owned mining corporations have invested billions of dollars in the Mining Industry of Shanxi Province. Hong Kong billionaire Li Ka-shing has made one of his largest investment ever in China on exploiting coal gas in Shanxi. Foreign investors include mining companies from Canada, the United States, Japan, the United Kingdom, Germany and Italy.[citation needed]
The mining related companies include Daqin Railway Co. Ltd., which runs one of the busiest and most technologically advanced railway in China connecting Datong and Qinhuangdao and exclusively for coal shipping.[citation needed] The revenue of Daqin Railway Co. Ltd. is among the highest in Shanxi Province's companies due to its exporting of coal to Japan, Korea, and South-East Asia.
Shanxi's nominal GDP in 2011 was 1110.0 billion yuan (US$176.2 billion), ranked 21st in China. Its per-capita GDP was 21,544 yuan (US$3,154).[6]
Shanxi is infamous for bad working conditions in coal mining and other heavy industries. Thousands of workers have died every year in those industries. Cases of child labour abuse were discovered recently.[7][8]
In contrast with the poverty, Shanxi is known for its wealthy mine owners in China.[citation needed] Consortiums of mine owners from Shanxi have influences in Beijing's real estate market because of their speculation. The only other wealth group in China having the same influence is the entrepreneurs from Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province which is the centre of light industry of China and the world.[citation needed]
Industrial zones[link]
- Taiyuan Economic & Technology Development Zone
Taiyuan Economic & Technology Development Zone is a state-level development zone approved by State Council in 2001, with a planned area of 9.6 km². It is only 2 km away from Taiyuan Airport and 3 km away from railway station. The National Highway 208 and 307 passes through the zone. So far, it has formed a "four industrial base, a professional industry park" development pattern.[9]
- Taiyuan Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone
Established in 1991, Taiyuan Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone is the only state-level Hi-tech Development Zone in Shanxi Province, with total area of 24 km². It is situated close to Taiyuan Wusu Airport and Highway G208. The nearest port to the zone is Tianjin Port.[10]
Transportation[link]
The transport infrastructure in Shanxi is very developed. There are many important national highways and railways that connect the province with neighboring provinces.[11]
Road[link]
Shanxi's road hub is in the capital, Taiyuan. The major highways in province form a road network connecting all the counties. Examples of major highways are:
- Dayun Highway(大運公路)
- Datong-Yuncheng Highway (大同－運城）)
- Taiyuan-Jiuguan Expressway (太原－舊關高速公路)
- Beijing-Shijiazhuang expressway (北京－石家庄高速公路)
- Beijing-Tianjin-Tanggu expressway (京津唐高速公路)
- Beijing-Shenzhen expressway
Rail[link]
Shanxi has extensive rail infrastructure to neighboring provinces. The rail network connects to major cities Taiyuan, Shijiazhuang, Beijing, Yuanping, Baotou, Datong, Menyuan and Jiaozuo. The province also have extensive rail network to coastal cities such as Qinhuangdao, Qingdao, Yantai and Lianyungang.[11]
The province has a rail network called the Shuozhou-Huanghua Railway. It will service Shenchi county in Shanxi with Huanghua port in Hebei. It will become the second largest railway for coal transport from west to east in China.[12]
Aviation[link]
Shanxi's main aviation transport hub is Taiyuan Wusu Airport (IATA: TYN). The airport has routes connecting Shanxi to 28 domestic cities including Beijing, Xi'an, Chengdu and Chongqing. There are international routes to Hong Kong, Singapore, Japan and Russia. There is also another airport in Datong, which has domestic routes to other mainland cities.[11][13]
Demographics[link]
The population is mostly Han Chinese with minorities of Mongol, Manchu, and the Hui.
| Ethnic groups in Shanxi, 2000 census | ||
|---|---|---|
| Nationality | Population | Percentage |
| Han Chinese | 32,368,083 | 99.68% |
| Hui | 61,690 | 0.19% |
| Manchu | 13,665 | 0.042% |
| Mongol | 9,446 | 0.029% |
Source: Department of Population, Social, Science and Technology Statistics of the National Bureau of Statistics of China (国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司) and Department of Economic Development of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission of China (国家民族事务委员会经济发展司), eds. Tabulation on Nationalities of 2000 Population Census of China (《2000年人口普查中国民族人口资料》). 2 vols. Beijing: Nationalities Publishing House (民族出版社), 2003. (ISBN 7-105-05425-5)
In 2004, the birth rate was 12.36 births/1000 population, while the death rate was 6.11 deaths/1000 population. The sex ratio was 105.5 males/100 females. [3]
Health[link]
In the 2000s, the province was considered to be one of the most polluted areas in China.[3] The pollution, caused in part by heavy coal mining, has enhanced health problems in the province.[14]
Culture[link]
People in most regions of Shanxi speak dialects of Jin, a subdivision of spoken Chinese. However, dialects in the southwest, near the border with Henan and Shaanxi, are classified as part of the Zhongyuan Mandarin subdivision of the Mandarin group rather than Jin. In terms of characteristics, Jin dialects are generally distinguished by their retention of the entering tone from Middle Chinese. In this respect they are unique in all of northern China, as most of the surrounding Mandarin dialects (spoken over the remainder of northern China) have lost it. (In central and southern China, it is much more common for the entering tone to be kept.) Jin is also noted for extremely complex tone sandhi systems.
Shanxi cuisine is most well known for its extensive use of vinegar as a condiment and for its noodles. A dish originating from Taiyuan, the provincial capital, is the Taiyuan Tounao (太原头脑, literally "Taiyuan Head"). It is a soup brewed using mutton, shanyao (山药, Chinese wild yam), lotus roots, astragalus membranaceus (黄芪, membranous milk vetch), tuber onions, as well as cooking liquor for additional aroma. It can be enjoyed by dipping pieces of unleavened cake into the soup, and is reputed to have medicinal properties.
Shanxi Opera (晋剧 Jinju) is a popular form of Chinese opera in Shanxi. It was popularized during the late Qing Dynasty, with the help of the then-ubiquitous Shanxi merchants who were active across parts of China. Also called Zhonglu Bangzi (中路梆子), it is a type of bangzi opera (梆子), a group of operas generally distinguished by their use of wooden clappers for rhythm and by a more energetic singing style; Shanxi opera is also complemented by quzi (曲子), a blanket term for more melodic styles from further south. Puzhou Opera (蒲剧 Puju), from southern Shanxi, is a more ancient type of bangzi that makes use of very wide linear intervals.
Shanxi merchants (晋商 Jinshang) constituted a historical phenomenon that lasted for centuries from the Song to the Qing Dynasty. Shanxi merchants ranged far and wide from Central Asia to the coast of eastern China; by the Qing Dynasty they were conducting trade across both sides of the Great Wall. During the late Qing Dynasty, a new development occurred: the creation of piaohao (票号), which were essentially banks that provided services like money transfers and transactions, deposits, and loans. After the establishment of the first piaohao in Pingyao, the bankers in Shanxi dominated China's financial market for centuries until the collapse of Qing Dynasty and the coming of British banks.
Tourism[link]
- Jinci in Taiyuan, famous for its temples and Song Dynasty paintings and architectures.
- Zuoquan County, famous for its China Communist Party battlefield sites.
- The Ancient City of Pingyao is a World Heritage Site near Taiyuan. Once a great financial center of China, it is noted for its preservation of many features of northern Han Chinese culture, architecture, and way of life during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
- The Yungang Grottoes, its literal translation being The Cloud Ridge Caves, are shallow caves near Datong. There are over 50,000 carved images and statues of Buddhas and Boddhisatvas within these grottoes, ranging from 4 centimeters to 7 meters tall.a World Heritage Site in Datong, consist of 252 caves noted for their collection of 5th and 6th century Buddhist grotto sculptures and reliefs.
- Mount Wutai (Wutai Shan) is the highest point in the province. It is known as the residence of the bodhisattva Manjusri, and as a result is also a major Buddhist pilgrimage destination, with many temples and natural sights. Points of interest include Tang Dynasty (618–907) era timber halls located at Nanchan Temple and Foguang Temple, as well as a giant white stupa at Tayuan Temple built during the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644).
- Mount Hengshan (Heng Shan), in Hunyuan County, is one of the "Five Great Peaks" of China, and is also a major Taoist site. Not far from Heng Shan, the Hanging Temple is located on the side of a cliff and has survived for 1400 years despite earthquakes in the area.
- Pagoda of Fogong Temple, in Ying County, is a pagoda built in 1056 during the Liao Dynasty. It is octagonal with nine levels (five are visible from outside), and at 67 m (220 ft) in height, it is currently the tallest wooden pagoda in the world. It is also the oldest fully wooden pagoda in China, although many no-longer-existing wooden pagodas have preceded it, and many existing stone and brick pagodas predate it by centuries.
- Hukou Waterfall is located in the Yellow River on the Shanxi-Shaanxi border. At 50 meters high it is the second highest waterfall in China.
- Dazhai is a village in Xiyang County. Situated in hilly, difficult terrain, it was a holy site during the Cultural Revolution, when it was set out to the entire nation as exemplary of the hardiness of the proletariat, especially peasants.
- Niangziguan Township is located in north-east of Pingding County which is in the junction of Shanxi and Heibei Province. It is an old village famous for Niangziguan.
Education[link]
Major Post-Secondary institutes in Shanxi include:
- Changzhi College (长治学院)
- Changzhi Medical College (长治医学院)
- Datong University (山西大同大学)
- Jinzhong College (晋中学院)
- Lvliang Higher College
- North China University of Science and Technology (华北工学院)
- Shanxi Agricultural University (山西农业大学)
- Shanxi College of Traditional Chinese Medicine (山西中医学院)
- Shanxi Medical University (山西医科大学)
- Shanxi Teachers University also called Shanxi Normal University (山西师范大学)
- Shanxi University (山西大学)
- Shanxi University of Finance and Economics (山西财经大学)
- North China University (中北大学)
- Taiyuan Normal University (太原师范学院)
- Taiyuan University of Science and Technology (太原科技大学)
- Taiyuan University of Technology (太原理工大学)
- Xinzhou Teachers University (忻州师范学院)
- Yuncheng University (运城学院)
Major Secondary Schools in Shanxi include:
- Taiyuan No.5 High school
- Taiyuan No.10 High school
- Shanxi Experimental Secondary School(山西省实验中学)
- Yuci No.1 High School
- Kangjie High School (康杰中学)
References[link]
- ^ (Chinese) Origin of the Names of China's Provinces, People's Daily Online.
- ^ [1]
- ^ a b Shanxi Province: Economic News and Statistics for Shanxi's Economy
- ^ 3.9.1 Resources-China Mining
- ^ hktdc.com - Profiles of China Provinces, Cities and Industrial Parks
- ^ 山西省统计局：山西省人均GDP 已达至3154美元
- ^ "Chinese mine blast toll doubles". BBC News. 2009-11-22. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8372760.stm. Retrieved 2010-05-23.
- ^ 23 miners died and 53 sickened in Shanxi state-owned coal mine | China Labour Bulletin
- ^ RightSite.asia | Taiyuan Economic & Technology Development Zone
- ^ RightSite.asia | Taiyuan Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone
- ^ a b c Shanxi Province
- ^ Brief Introduction of Shuozhou
- ^ Datong Transportation: by Air, Train, Bus and Taxi
- ^ Disabilities in China's polluted Shanxi, 2009
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Shanxi |
- Shanxi Government website
- Shanxi travel guide from Wikitravel
- Shanxi Community in Canada website
- Shanxi Community in Japan website
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