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The year 1962 in film involved some significant events.

Events[link]

• May - The Golden Horse Film Festival and Awards are officially founded by the Taiwanese government.
• September 2 - Filming of Sergei Bondarchuk's War and Peace begins and will continue for another 6 years.
• October 5 - Dr. No launches the James Bond film series, the second longest-running motion picture franchise of all time (next to Godzilla), running more than 40 years.

Top grossing films (U.S.)[link]

Awards[link]

Academy Awards:

Best Picture: Lawrence of Arabia - Horizon-Spiegel-Lean, Columbia

Best Director: David Lean - Lawrence of Arabia

Best Actor: Gregory Peck - To Kill a Mockingbird

Best Actress: Anne Bancroft - The Miracle Worker

Best Supporting Actor: Ed Begley - Sweet Bird of Youth

Best Supporting Actress: Patty Duke - The Miracle Worker

Best Foreign Language Film: Sundays and Cybele (Les dimanches de ville d'Avray), directed by Serge Bourguignon, France

Golden Globe Awards:

Drama:

Best Picture: Lawrence of Arabia

Best Actor: Gregory Peck - To Kill a Mockingbird

Best Actress: Geraldine Page - Sweet Bird of Youth

Musical or comedy:

Best Picture (tie): That Touch of Mink

Best Picture (tie): The Music Man

Best Actor: Marcello Mastroianni - Divorce, Italian Style

Best Actress: Rosalind Russell - Gypsy

Other

Best Director: David Lean - Lawrence of Arabia

Palme d'Or (Cannes Film Festival):

Keeper of Promises (O Pagador de Promessas), directed by Anselmo Duarte, Brazil

Golden Lion (Venice Film Festival):

Family Diary (Cronaca familiare, Journal intime), directed by Valerio Zurlini, France / Italy

My Name is Ivan (Ivanovo detstvo), directed by Andrei Tarkovsky, USSR

Golden Bear (Berlin Film Festival):

A Kind of Loving, directed by John Schlesinger, United Kingdom

Films released in 1962[link]

U.S.A. unless stated

#

• The 300 Spartans

A

• Advise and Consent, directed by Otto Preminger, starring Henry Fonda, Charles Laughton, Walter Pidgeon, Don Murray, Peter Lawford
• All Night Long, starring Patrick McGoohan and Richard Attenborough - (U.K.)
• The Amphibian Man - (U.S.S.R.)
• Atraco a las tres (Robbery at 3 O'Clock) - (Spain)
• An Autumn Afternoon (Sanma no aji), directed by Yasujiro Ozu - (Japan)

B

• Baat Ek Raat Ki, starring Dev Anand - (India)
• Big and Little Wong Tin Bar, starring Jackie Chan - (Hong Kong)
• Billy Budd, directed by and starring Peter Ustinov with Terence Stamp - (U.K.)
• Billy Rose's Jumbo, starring Doris Day
• Birdman of Alcatraz, directed by John Frankenheimer, starring Burt Lancaster
• Boccaccio '70, directed by Federico Fellini, Mario Monicelli, Vittorio De Sica and Luchino Visconti, starring Anita Ekberg and Sophia Loren - (Italy)
• Bon Voyage!
• The Boys, directed by Sidney J. Furie - (U.K.)
• Boys' Night Out, starring Kim Novak and James Garner

C

• Os Cafajestes - (Brazil)
• Cape Fear, directed by J. Lee Thompson, starring Gregory Peck, Robert Mitchum, Polly Bergen
• Carnival of Souls
• Carry On Cruising - (U.K.)
• Cleo from 5 to 7, directed by Agnès Varda - (France)
• The Counterfeit Traitor, starring William Holden

D

• David and Lisa, starring Keir Dullea and Janet Margolin
• The Day of the Triffids - (U.K.)
• Days of Wine and Roses, starring Jack Lemmon and Lee Remick
• Le Doulos (The Finger Man), directed by Jean-Pierre Melville, starring Jean-Paul Belmondo - (France)
• Dr. No. The first James Bond film, directed by Terence Young, starring Sean Connery and Ursula Andress - (U.K.)

E

• The Easy Life (Il sorpasso), directed by Dino Risi, starring Vittorio Gassman and Jean-Louis Trintignant - (Italy)
• Eclipse (L'Eclisse), directed by Michelangelo Antonioni, starring Alain Delon and Monica Vitti - (Italy/France)
• Elektra, directed by Michael Cacoyannis, starring Irene Pappas - (Greece)
• Experiment in Terror, starring Glenn Ford and Lee Remick
• The Exterminating Angel (El ángel exterminador), directed by Luis Buñuel - (Mexico)

F

• Family Diary (Cronaca familiare), starring Marcello Mastroianni - (Italy)
• Follow That Dream, starring Elvis Presley, Arthur O'Connell and Joanna Moore
• The Four Days of Naples (Le Quattro giornate di Napoli) - (Italy)
• Freud, starring Montgomery Clift

G

• Gay Purr-ee, an animated musical with the voices of Judy Garland and Mel Blanc
• Gigot, starring Jackie Gleason
• Girls! Girls! Girls!, starring Elvis Presley
• Gorath - (Japan)
• The Grim Reaper (La commare secca), directed by Bernardo Bertolucci - (Italy)
• Gypsy, starring Rosalind Russell and Natalie Wood
• Guns of Darkness directed by Anthony Asquith (U.K.)

H

• Half Ticket - (India)
• Harakiri (Seppuku) - (Japan)
• Hatari!, starring John Wayne, Red Buttons and Elsa Martinelli
• Hell is for Heroes, starring Steve McQueen and Bobby Darin
• How the West Was Won, starring James Stewart, Henry Fonda, Eli Wallach, John Wayne, Debbie Reynolds, Gregory Peck, Carroll Baker, George Peppard and more
• Hussar of the Dead (El Húsar de la Muerte), (Restored, originally released in 1925) - (Chile)

I

• In Search of the Castaways
• The Intruder, directed by Roger Corman, starring William Shatner
• It Happened In Athens, starring Jayne Mansfield
• It's Only Money, starring Jerry Lewis

J

• Jigsaw - (U.K.)
• Jules et Jim, directed by François Truffaut, starring Jeanne Moreau and Oskar Werner - (France)

K

• Kid Galahad, starring Elvis Presley, Gig Young and Charles Bronson
• A Kind of Loving, directed by John Schlesinger, starring Alan Bates - (U.K.)
• King Kong vs. Godzilla, directed by Ishirō Honda - (Japan)
• Knife in the Water (Nóż w wodzie), directed by Roman Polanski - (Poland)

L

• The L-Shaped Room, directed by Bryan Forbes, starring Leslie Caron and Tom Bell - (U.K.)
• Last Year at Marienbad (U.S. release)
• Lawrence of Arabia, directed by David Lean, starring Peter O'Toole and Omar Sharif - (U.K./U.S.)
• Lisa - (U.S./U.K.)
• Life for Ruth - (U.K.)
• Lolita, directed by Stanley Kubrick, starring James Mason, Shelley Winters, Peter Sellers, Sue Lyon
• The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner, directed by Tony Richardson, starring Tom Courtenay - (U.K.)
• Lonely are the Brave, starring Kirk Douglas
• Long Day's Journey into Night, directed by Sidney Lumet, starring Katharine Hepburn
• The Longest Day, starring John Wayne, Henry Fonda, Richard Burton, Sean Connery and more
• Love at Twenty, a film in 5 segments directed by François Truffaut, Shintaro Ishihara, Andrzej Wajda, Renzo Rossellini and Marcel Ophuls - (International)
• Love on a Pillow, starring Brigitte Bardot - (France)
• Lycanthropus - (Italy/Austria)

M

• Mafioso, starring Alberto Sordi - (Italy)
• Mamma Roma, directed by Pier Paolo Pasolini, starring Anna Magnani - (Italy)
• The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance, directed by John Ford, starring John Wayne and James Stewart
• The Manchurian Candidate, directed by John Frankenheimer, starring Frank Sinatra, Laurence Harvey, Janet Leigh, Angela Lansbury
• Merrill's Marauders, directed by Samuel Fuller
• The Miracle Worker, directed by Arthur Penn, starring Anne Bancroft and Patty Duke
• Mister Magoo's Christmas Carol, (on NBC-TV)
• Mr. Hobbs Takes a Vacation, starring James Stewart and Maureen O'Hara
• The Music Man, starring Robert Preston, Shirley Jones, Buddy Hackett, Paul Ford, Ron Howard
• Mutiny on the Bounty, starring Marlon Brando and Trevor Howard
• My Geisha, starring Shirley MacLaine
• My Life to Live (Vivre sa vie), directed by Jean-Luc Godard - (France)
• My Name is Ivan (Ivanovo detstvo), directed by Andrei Tarkovsky - (U.S.S.R.)

O

• On the Beat, starring Norman Wisdom - (U.K.)

P

• O Pagador de Promessas (The Keeper of Promises), directed by Anselmo Duarte - (Brazil)
• Panic in Year Zero!
• Period of Adjustment, starring Jane Fonda, Jim Hutton, Anthony Franciosa, Lois Nettleton
• Phaedra - (Greece)
• The Phantom of the Opera - (U.K.)
• The Pigeon That Took Rome, starring Charlton Heston
• Pitfall (Otoshiana) - (Japan)
• Premature Burial, directed by Roger Corman
• Pressure Point, starring Sidney Poitier and Bobby Darin
• Professor, starring Shammi Kapoor - (India)

R

• Requiem for a Heavyweight, starring Anthony Quinn and Jackie Gleason
• Ride the High Country (a.k.a. Guns in the Afternoon), directed by Sam Peckinpah, starring Joel McCrea and Randolph Scott

S

• Sahib Bibi Aur Ghulam, starring Meena Kumari and Guru Dutt - (India)
• Salvatore Giuliano, directed by Francesco Rosi - (Italy)
• Sanjuru (Tsubaki Sanjûrô), directed by Akira Kurosawa, starring Toshirō Mifune - (Japan)
• Santo vs. las Mujeres Vampiro - (Mexico)
• Sergeants 3, starring Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin, Sammy Davis, Jr., Peter Lawford, Joey Bishop
• State Fair, starring Pat Boone, Tom Ewell, Ann-Margret, Pamela Tiffin, Bobby Darin
• Sundays and Cybele (Les dimanches de ville d'Avray) - (France)
• Sweet Bird of Youth, starring Paul Newman, Geraldine Page, Ed Begley, Rip Torn
• A Symposium on Popular Songs

T

• The Tale of Zatoichi, directed by Kenji Misumi - (Japan)
• Taras Bulba, starring Yul Brynner and Tony Curtis
• Tender Is the Night, starring Jennifer Jones
• Term of Trial, starring Laurence Olivier and Simone Signoret - (U.K.)
• That Touch of Mink, starring Cary Grant and Doris Day
• To Kill a Mockingbird, directed by Robert Mulligan, starring Gregory Peck
• Tower of London, starring Vincent Price
• The Trial (Le Procès), directed by and starring Orson Welles with Anthony Perkins and Jeanne Moreau - (France/Italy/West Germany)
• The Trial of Joan of Arc (Procès de Jeanne d'Arc), directed by Robert Bresson - (France)
• Tudor - (Romania)
• Two for the Seesaw, starring Shirley MacLaine and Robert Mitchum
• Two Half Times in Hell (Két félidő a pokolban), directed by Zoltán Fábri - (Hungary)

V

• The Vanishing Corporal (Le Caporal épinglé), directed by Jean Renoir, starring Jean-Pierre Cassel and Claude Brasseur - (France)
• A Very Private Affair, starring Brigitte Bardot - (France)
• Village of Daughters - (U.K.)

W

• Walk on the Wild Side, starring Laurence Harvey, Capucine, Jane Fonda
• War of the Buttons (La Guerre des boutons) - (France)
• What Ever Happened to Baby Jane?, directed by Robert Aldrich, starring Bette Davis and Joan Crawford
• Who's Got the Action? starring Dean Martin and Lana Turner
• Winter Light (Nattvardsgästerna), directed by Ingmar Bergman - (Sweden)
• The Wonderful World of the Brothers Grimm

Short film series[link]

• Looney Tunes (1930–1969)
• Terrytoons (1930–1964)
• Merrie Melodies (1931–1969)
• Bugs Bunny (1940-1962)
• Yosemite Sam (1945–1963)
• Speedy Gonzales (1953–1968)

Births[link]

• January 5 - Suzy Amis, actress
• January 17 - Jim Carrey, Canadian actor and comedian
• February 5 - Jennifer Jason Leigh, actress
• February 17 - Lou Diamond Phillips, actor
• February 27 - Adam Baldwin, actor
• March 18 - Thomas Ian Griffith, actor
• March 20 - Stephen Sommers, director
• March 21 - Matthew Broderick, actor
• May 12 - Emilio Estevez, actor
• June 13 - Ally Sheedy, actress
• June 27 - Tony Leung, actor
• July 3 - Tom Cruise, actor
• July 19 - Anthony Edwards, actor
• August 13 - John Slattery, actor
• August 16 - Steve Carell, actor, comedian, voice artist, producer, writer, director
• September 11 - Elizabeth Daily, actress
  • Kristy McNichol, actress
• September 17 - Baz Luhrmann, Australian director
• October 1 - Esai Morales, actor
• October 11 - Joan Cusack, actress, sister of actor John Cusack
• October 12 - Deborah Foreman, actress
• October 13 - Kelly Preston, actress
• October 26 - Cary Elwes, actor
• November 11 - Demi Moore, actress
• November 19 - Jodie Foster, actress and director
• December 22 - Ralph Fiennes, English actor

Deaths[link]

• January 13 - Ernie Kovacs, 42, American comedian, actor
• April 10 - Michael Curtiz, 75, Hungarian-born director
• April 17 - Louise Fazenda, 66, American actress
• May 14 - Florence Auer, 82, American actress
• June 19 - Frank Borzage, 69, American director, actor
• June 24 - Lucile Watson, 83, Canadian actress
• July 2 - Valeska Suratt, 80, stage & silent screen actress
• August 5 - Marilyn Monroe, 36, American actress
• August 23 - Hoot Gibson, 70, American actor
• October 6 - Tod Browning, 82, American director
• October 26 - Louise Beavers, 60, American actress
• December 15 - Charles Laughton, 63, British actor
• December 28 - Kathleen Clifford, 75, American actress

Film debuts[link]

• Nancy Allen
• Bernardo Bertolucci - director
• Jackie Chan
• Julie Christie
• Robert Duvall
• Sally Field
• John Hurt
• Ian McShane
• Sarah Miles
• Sydney Pollack
• John Schlesinger - director
• Tom Skerritt
• Terence Stamp

References[link]

Hind Rostom
Hind Rostom
Born	(1929-11-11)November 11, 1929 Alexandria, Egypt
Died	August 8, 2011 (aged 81) Cairo, Egypt
Occupation	Actress
Spouse	Hassan Reda Dr.Mohammad Fayad

Hind Rostom (Arabic: هند رستم‎) (November 11, 1929 – August 8, 2011) was one of the most popular Egyptian actresses.

Life and careers[link]

Rostom was born in Alexandria, Egypt on November 11, 1929 to a middle-class Turkish father and an aristocratic mother.^[1] She started her career at the age of 16 with the film Azhaar wa Ashwak (Flowers and Thorns). Her first true success was in 1955 when the famous director Hassan Al Imam offered her a role in Banat el Lail (Women of the Night). Her famous films include Ibn Hamidu in 1957, Youssef Chahine's Bab El Hadid (Railway Station) with Farid Shawki in 1958, Salah Abu Seif's La Anam (Sleepless) with Faten Hamama, Omar Sharif, and Rushdy Abaza in 1958, Sira' fi al-Nil (Struggle in the Nile) with Omar Sharif and Rushdy Abaza in 1959, and Chafika el Koptia (Chafika the Coptic Girl) in 1963. Rostom was known as the queen of seduction in Egyptian cinema, and the "Marilyn Monroe of the East". She decided to retire acting in 1979 because she wanted the audience to remember her at her best.

Rostom once more turned down an offer of one million gineih (Egyptian pounds) for her biography in December 2002. The offer was made by an Egyptian satellite channel to portray her life as a drama series. She was asked to submit a complete history of her past achievements, and work experiences with prominent actors of the past, such as Farid Shawki, Faten Hamama, Yousif Shahin, Shukri Sarhan, and Shadia. The actress stated that she refused to sell her life as a means of entertainment and felt that her personal life was of her concern and no one else. Rostom made a statement when she turned down belly dancer Fifi Abdo's invitation to attend a party held in Hind Rostom's honour.

On August 8, 2011, Rostom died in a hospital in Al-Mohandeseen because of a heart attack.

Marriages[link]

• Hassan Reda, a film director and father of her only daughter "Basant".
• Mohammad Fayad, a physician.

Death[link]

Hind Rostom died on 8 August 2011, aged 81, due to a heart attack after being hospitalised for a few hours in Mohandesseen, Cairo.

Filmography[link]

Selective

• 1949: Ghazal El Banat (غزل البنات)
• 1950: Baba Amin (‏بابا أمين‎)
• 1954: El sittat maarfoush yiktibu
• 1955: El Gassad
• 1955: Banat el lail
• 1957: Inta habibi
• 1957: Ibn Hamidu
• 1957: Bab el hadid (‏باب الحديد‎)
• 1958: La anam
• 1958: Ismail Yasseen fi mostashfet al-maganin
• 1959: Sira' fi al-Nil
• 1960: Bayn el samaa wa el ard
• 1963: Chafika el Keptia
• 1965: El Rahiba
• 1967: El khouroug min el guana
• 1971: Madrasatee al-hisnaa
• 1972: Wakr al-ashrar
• 1979: Hayati azaab

References[link]

• An interview with Hend Rostom. (Arabic)
• Al-Ahram's article. (Arabic)

External links[link]

• Hind Rostom at the Internet Movie Database.

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Howard Keel
from the trailer for Annie Get Your Gun (1950)
Born	Harold Clifford Keel (1919-04-13)April 13, 1919 Gillespie, Illinois, U.S.
Died	November 7, 2004(2004-11-07) (aged 85) Palm Desert, California, U.S.
Occupation	Actor/Singer
Years active	1948–2002
Spouse	Rosemary Cooper (1943-48) (divorced) Helen Anderson (1949-70) (divorced) Judy Keel (1970-2004) (his death)

Harold Clifford Keel (April 13, 1919 – November 7, 2004), known professionally as Howard Keel, was an American actor and singer. He starred in many film musicals of the 1950s. He is best known to modern audiences for his starring role in the CBS television series Dallas (1981-1991)as Clayton Farlow, opposite Barbara Bel Geddes's character, but to an earlier generation, he was known as the star of some of the most famous MGM film musicals ever made, with a rich baritone singing voice.

Early years[link]

Keel was born Harold Clifford Keel in Gillespie, Illinois, to Navyman-turned-coalminer Homer Keel and his wife, Grace Osterkamp Keel. (It is often erroneously stated—by the MGM publicity department of the 1950s—that Keel's birth name was Harold Leek).

Young Harold spent his childhood in poverty. One of his teachers, Miss Rosa Burke, noticed one day that he was not eating his lunch. From that day forward, Miss Burke would pack two lunches - one for herself and one for Harold. When he became famous and would perform near Gillespie, Burke always received tickets to attend his performances.

After his father's death in 1930, Keel and his mother moved to California, where he graduated from Fallbrook High School at the age of 17. He worked various odd jobs until finally settling at Douglas Aircraft Company as a traveling representative.

Career and personal life[link]

At the age of 20, Keel was overheard singing by his landlady, Mom Rider, and was encouraged to take vocal lessons. One of Keel's musical heroes was the great baritone Lawrence Tibbett. Howard would later remark that learning that his own voice was a basso cantante was one of the greatest disappointments of his life. Nevertheless, his first public performance occurred in the summer of 1941, when he played the role of Samuel the Prophet in Handel's oratorio Saul (singing a duet with bass-baritone George London).

In 1943, Keel met and married his first wife, actress Rosemary Cooper. In 1945, Keel briefly understudied for John Raitt in the Broadway hit Carousel before being assigned to Oklahoma!, written by Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II. When performing this play during this period, Keel accomplished a feat that has never been duplicated; he performed the leads in both shows on the same day.

In 1947, Oklahoma! became the first American postwar musical to travel to London, England, and Harold joined the production. On the opening night, April 30, at the Drury Lane Theatre, the capacity audience (which included the future Queen Elizabeth II) demanded fourteen encores. Keel was hailed as the next great star, becoming the toast of London's West End.

During the London run, his marriage to Rosemary ended in divorce and Keel fell in love with a young member of the show's chorus, dancer Helen Anderson. They married in January 1949 and, a year later, Harold - now called Howard - celebrated the birth of his daughter, Kaija.

While living in London, Keel made his film debut as Howard Keel at the British Lion studio in Elstree, in The Small Voice (1948), released in the US as Hideout. In the film he played an escaped convict holding a playwright and his wife hostage in their English country cottage.

Additional Broadway credits include Saratoga, No Strings, and Ambassador. He appeared at The Muny in St. Louis, MO as General Waverly in White Christmas (2000), Henry Higgins in My Fair Lady (1996); Emile de Becque in South Pacific (1992), and Adam in Seven Brides For Seven Brothers (1954).

Keel was a devout Methodist.^[1]

MGM years[link]

From London's West End, Howard ended up at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer making his film musical debut as Frank Butler in the movie version of Irving Berlin's Annie Get Your Gun (1950).

Howard's MGM career was to become a frustrating business. MGM never seemed to know quite how to use him and, besides his plum film roles in Show Boat (1951), Kiss Me Kate (1953), Seven Brides for Seven Brothers (1954), and Kismet (1955), he was forced into a series of unremarkable musicals and B-films. On loan at Warner Brothers, Keel played Wild Bill Hickok in Calamity Jane (1953), a highly popular Oscar-winning musical starring Doris Day in one of her most famous screen roles. The film was Warner Brothers' answer to Annie Get Your Gun, and included the smash hit song "Secret Love".

There were two more children born to Howard and Helen, daughter Kirstine in 1952, and son Gunnar in 1955. Soon after, Howard was released from his contract and returned to his first love; the stage.

1960s–1980s[link]

As America's taste in entertainment evolved, finding jobs became more difficult for Keel. The 1960s held limited prospects for career advancement, and consisted primarily of nightclub work, B-Westerns and summer stock. Due to his declining career, Keel began to drink heavily and his marriage to Helen crumbled. They divorced in 1970.

1970 turned out to be more fortunate for Howard. He went on a blind date with airline stewardess Judy Magamoll, who was 25 years his junior and who knew nothing about his stardom. Years later, Howard would call the relationship love at first sight, but the age difference bothered him tremendously. For Judy, however, it was not a problem and with the aid of Robert Frost's poem "What Fifty Said," she convinced him to proceed with their relationship. They were married in December 1970, and his drinking problem soon ceased thereafter. He resumed his routine of nightclub, cabaret and summer stock jobs with his new wife at his side. In 1971-72, Howard appeared briefly in the West End and Broadway productions of the musical, Ambassador, which flopped. In 1974, Howard became a father for the fourth time with the birth of his daughter, Leslie Grace. In January 1986, Keel underwent double heart bypass surgery.

[edit] The Love Boat, Dallas, and revived career

Keel continued to tour, with his wife and daughter in tow, but by 1980 had decided to make a career/life change. Howard moved his family to Oklahoma with the intention of joining an oil company. The family had barely settled down when Howard was called back to California to appear with Jane Powell on an episode of The Love Boat. While there, he was told that the producers of the television series Dallas wanted to speak with him. After several cameo appearances, Keel joined the show permanently as the dignified and hot-tempered oil baron, Clayton Farlow. His acting career became highly successful once again.

Recording career[link]

With renewed fame, Keel commenced his first solo recording career, at age 64, as well as a successful concert career in the UK. He released an album, in 1984, With Love, which sold poorly. However, his album, And I Love You So reached #6 in the UK Albums Chart in 1984.^[2] The follow up album, Reminiscing - The Howard Keel Collection peaked at #20 in the UK chart, spending twelve weeks in that listing in 1985 and 1986.^[2]

In 1988 the album, Just for You reached #51 in the UK Albums Chart.^[2] In 1994, he and Judy moved to Palm Desert, California. The Keels were active in community charity events, and attended the annual Howard Keel Golf Classic at Mere Golf Club in Cheshire, England, which raised money for the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC). Howard attended the event for many years up until the year of his death.

Death[link]

Keel died at his Palm Desert home on November 7, 2004, six weeks after being diagnosed with colon cancer. He is survived by Judy, his wife of thirty-four years, his four children, ten grandchildren and a great-granddaughter. He was cremated and his ashes splitted in Mere Golf Club, Liverpool John Lennon Airport, and Tuscany, Italy.

Family[link]

Keel had four children, three with second wife Helen Anderson – two daughters, Katija Liane (born January 14, 1950) and Kirstine Elizabeth (born June 21, 1952), and a son, Gunnar Louis (born June 3, 1955) – and one with his third wife Judy – a daughter, Leslie Grace (born September 1, 1974).

Filmography[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Howard Keel

• Howard Keel at the Internet Movie Database
• Howard Keel at the Internet Broadway Database
• Howard Keel at AllRovi
• Photographs and literature on Howard Keel

Helen Keller
Helen Keller sitting holding a magnolia flower, circa 1920.
Born	Helen Adams Keller (1880-06-27)June 27, 1880 Tuscumbia, Alabama, USA
Died	June 1, 1968(1968-06-01) (aged 87) Arcan Ridge, Easton, Connecticut, USA
Signature

Helen Adams Keller (June 27, 1880 – June 1, 1968) was an American author, political activist, and lecturer. She was the first deafblind person to earn a Bachelor of Arts degree.^[1][2] The story of how Keller's teacher, Anne Sullivan, broke through the isolation imposed by a near complete lack of language, allowing the girl to blossom as she learned to communicate, has become widely known through the dramatic depictions of the play and film The Miracle Worker.

A prolific author, Keller was well-traveled, and was outspoken in her anti-war convictions. A member of the Socialist Party of America and the Industrial Workers of the World, she campaigned for women's suffrage, labor rights, socialism, and other radical left causes. She was inducted into the Alabama Women's Hall of Fame in 1971.^[3]

Early childhood and illness[link]

Keller with Anne Sullivan vacationing at Cape Cod in July 1888

Helen Adams Keller was born on June 27, 1880, in Tuscumbia, Alabama. Her family lived on a homestead, Ivy Green,^[4] that Helen's grandfather had built decades earlier.^[5] Helen's father, Arthur H. Keller,^[6] spent many years as an editor for the Tuscumbia North Alabamian and had served as a captain for the Confederate Army.^[5] Helen's paternal grandmother was the second cousin of Robert E. Lee.^[7] Helen's mother, Kate Adams,^[8] was the daughter of Charles Adams.^[9] Though originally from Massachusetts, Charles Adams also fought for the Confederate Army during the American Civil War, earning the rank of brigadier-general.^[7]

Helen's father's lineage can be traced to Casper Keller, a native of Switzerland.^[7][10] Coincidentally, one of Helen's Swiss ancestors was the first teacher for the deaf in Zurich.^[7] Helen reflects upon this coincidence in her first autobiography, stating "that there is no king who has not had a slave among his ancestors, and no slave who has not had a king among his."^[7]

Helen Keller was not born blind and deaf; it was not until she was 19 months old that she contracted an illness described by doctors as "an acute congestion of the stomach and the brain", which might have been scarlet fever or meningitis. The illness did not last for a particularly long time, but it left her deaf and blind. At that time, she was able to communicate somewhat with Martha Washington,^[11] the six-year-old daughter of the family cook, who understood her signs; by the age of seven, she had over 60 home signs to communicate with her family.

In 1886, her mother, inspired by an account in Charles Dickens' American Notes of the successful education of another deaf and blind woman, Laura Bridgman, dispatched young Helen, accompanied by her father, to seek out Dr. J. Julian Chisolm, an eye, ear, nose, and throat specialist in Baltimore, for advice.^[12] He subsequently put them in touch with Alexander Graham Bell, who was working with deaf children at the time. Bell advised the couple to contact the Perkins Institute for the Blind, the school where Bridgman had been educated, which was then located in South Boston. Michael Anaganos, the school's director, asked former student Anne Sullivan, herself visually impaired and only 20 years old, to become Keller's instructor. It was the beginning of a 49-year-long relationship, Sullivan evolving into governess and then eventual companion.

Anne Sullivan arrived at Keller's house in March 1887, and immediately began to teach Helen to communicate by spelling words into her hand, beginning with "d-o-l-l" for the doll that she had brought Keller as a present. Keller was frustrated, at first, because she did not understand that every object had a word uniquely identifying it. In fact, when Sullivan was trying to teach Keller the word for "mug", Keller became so frustrated she broke the doll.^[13] Keller's big breakthrough in communication came the next month, when she realized that the motions her teacher was making on the palm of her hand, while running cool water over her other hand, symbolized the idea of "water"; she then nearly exhausted Sullivan demanding the names of all the other familiar objects in her world.

Due to a protruding left eye, Keller was usually photographed in profile. Both her eyes were replaced in adulthood with glass replicas for "medical and cosmetic reasons".^[14]

Formal education[link]

Starting in May, 1888, Keller attended the Perkins Institute for the Blind. In 1894, Helen Keller and Anne Sullivan moved to New York to attend the Wright-Humason School for the Deaf, and to learn from Sarah Fuller at the Horace Mann School for the Deaf. In 1896, they returned to Massachusetts and Keller entered The Cambridge School for Young Ladies before gaining admittance, in 1900, to Radcliffe College, where she lived in Briggs Hall, South House. Her admirer, Mark Twain, had introduced her to Standard Oil magnate Henry Huttleston Rogers, who, with his wife Abbie, paid for her education. In 1904, at the age of 24, Keller graduated from Radcliffe, becoming the first deaf blind person to earn a Bachelor of Arts degree. She maintained a correspondence with the Austrian philosopher and pedagogue Wilhelm Jerusalem, who was one of the first to discover her literary talent.^[15]

Determined to communicate with others as conventionally as possible, Keller learned to speak, and spent much of her life giving speeches and lectures. She learned to "hear" people's speech by reading their lips with her hands—her sense of touch had become extremely supple. She became proficient at using Braille and reading sign language with her hands as well.^{[volume & issue needed]}

Companions[link]

Anne Sullivan stayed as a companion to Helen Keller long after she taught her. Anne married John Macy in 1905, and her health started failing around 1914. Polly Thompson was hired to keep house. She was a young woman from Scotland who had no experience with deaf or blind people. She progressed to working as a secretary as well, and eventually became a constant companion to Keller.^[16]

Keller moved to Forest Hills, Queens, together with Anne and John, and used the house as a base for her efforts on behalf of the American Foundation for the Blind.^[17]

After Sullivan died in 1936, Keller and Thompson moved to Connecticut. They traveled worldwide and raised funds for the blind. Thompson had a stroke in 1957 from which she never fully recovered, and died in 1960.^[1]

Winnie Corbally, a nurse who was originally brought in to care for Thompson in 1957, stayed on after her death and was Keller's companion for the rest of her life.^[1]

Political activities[link]

Helen Keller portrait, 1904.

Keller went on to become a world-famous speaker and author. She is remembered as an advocate for people with disabilities, amid numerous other causes. She was a suffragist, a pacifist, an opponent of Woodrow Wilson, a radical socialist and a birth control supporter. In 1915 she and George Kessler founded the Helen Keller International (HKI) organization. This organization is devoted to research in vision, health and nutrition. In 1920 she helped to found the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). Keller traveled to 40 some-odd countries with Sullivan, making several trips to Japan and becoming a favorite of the Japanese people. Keller met every U.S. President from Grover Cleveland to Lyndon B. Johnson and was friends with many famous figures, including Alexander Graham Bell, Charlie Chaplin and Mark Twain. Keller and Chaplin shared anti-capitalist views; Keller and Twain were both considered radicals at the beginning of the 20th century, and as a consequence, their political views have been forgotten or glossed over in popular perception.^[19]

Keller was a member of the Socialist Party and actively campaigned and wrote in support of the working class from 1909 to 1921. She supported Socialist Party candidate Eugene V. Debs in each of his campaigns for the presidency. Newspaper columnists who had praised her courage and intelligence before she expressed her socialist views now called attention to her disabilities. The editor of the Brooklyn Eagle wrote that her "mistakes sprung out of the manifest limitations of her development." Keller responded to that editor, referring to having met him before he knew of her political views:

Keller joined the Industrial Workers of the World (known as the IWW or the Wobblies) in 1912,^[19] saying that parliamentary socialism was "sinking in the political bog". She wrote for the IWW between 1916 and 1918. In Why I Became an IWW,^[21] Keller explained that her motivation for activism came in part from her concern about blindness and other disabilities:

The last sentence refers to prostitution and syphilis, the former a frequent cause of the latter, and the latter a leading cause of blindness. In the same interview, Keller cited the 1912 strike of textile workers in Lawrence, Massachusetts for instigating her radicalization.

Writings[link]

Helen Keller, circa 1912

Keller wrote a total of 12 published books and several articles.

One of her earliest pieces of writing, at age 11, was The Frost King (1891). There were allegations that this story had been plagiarized from The Frost Fairies by Margaret Canby. An investigation into the matter revealed that Keller may have experienced a case of cryptomnesia, which was that she had Canby's story read to her but forgot about it, while the memory remained in her subconscious.^[1]

At age 22, Keller published her autobiography, The Story of My Life (1903), with help from Sullivan and Sullivan's husband, John Macy. It includes words that Keller wrote and the story of her life up to age 21, and was written during her time in college.

Keller wrote The World I Live In in 1908 giving readers an insight into how she felt about the world.^[22] Out of the Dark, a series of essays on socialism, was published in 1913.

When Keller was young, Anne Sullivan introduced her to Phillips Brooks, who introduced her to Christianity, Keller famously saying: "I always knew He was there, but I didn't know His name!"^[23][24][25]

Her spiritual autobiography, My Religion, was published in 1927 and then in 1994 extensively revised and re-issued under the title Light in My Darkness. It advocates the teachings of Emanuel Swedenborg, the Christian revelator and theologian who gives a spiritual interpretation of the teachings of the Bible and who claims that the second coming of Jesus Christ has already taken place. Adherents use several names to describe themselves, including Second Advent Christian, Swedenborgian and New Church.

Akita dog[link]

When Keller visited Akita Prefecture in Japan in July 1937, she inquired about Hachikō, the famed Akita dog that had died in 1935. She told a Japanese person that she would like to have an Akita dog; one was given to her within a month, with the name of Kamikaze-go. When he died of canine distemper, his older brother, Kenzan-go, was presented to her as an official gift from the Japanese government in July 1938. Keller is credited with having introduced the Akita to the United States through these two dogs.

By 1939 a breed standard had been established and dog shows had been held, but such activities stopped after World War II began. Keller wrote in the Akita Journal:

Later life[link]

Keller suffered a series of strokes in 1961 and spent the last years of her life at her home.^[1]

On September 14, 1964, President Lyndon B. Johnson awarded her the Presidential Medal of Freedom, one of the United States' two highest civilian honors. In 1965 she was elected to the National Women's Hall of Fame at the New York World's Fair.^[1]

Keller devoted much of her later life to raising funds for the American Foundation for the Blind. She died in her sleep on June 1, 1968, at her home, Arcan Ridge, located in Easton, Connecticut. A service was held in her honor at the National Cathedral in Washington, D.C., and her ashes were placed there next to her constant companions, Anne Sullivan and Polly Thompson.

Portrayals[link]

Keller's life has been interpreted many times. She appeared in a silent film, Deliverance (1919), which told her story in a melodramatic, allegorical style.^[28]

She was also the subject of the documentaries Helen Keller in Her Story, narrated by Katharine Cornell, and The Story of Helen Keller, part of the Famous Americans series produced by Hearst Entertainment.

The Miracle Worker is a cycle of dramatic works ultimately derived from her autobiography, The Story of My Life. The various dramas each describe the relationship between Keller and Sullivan, depicting how the teacher led her from a state of almost feral wildness into education, activism, and intellectual celebrity. The common title of the cycle echoes Mark Twain's description of Sullivan as a "miracle worker." Its first realization was the 1957 Playhouse 90 teleplay of that title by William Gibson. He adapted it for a Broadway production in 1959 and an Oscar-winning feature film in 1962, starring Anne Bancroft and Patty Duke. It was remade for television in 1979 and 2000.

In 1984, Helen Keller's life story was made into a TV movie called The Miracle Continues.^[29] This film that entailed the semi-sequel to The Miracle Worker recounts her college years and her early adult life. None of the early movies hint at the social activism that would become the hallmark of Keller's later life, although a Disney version produced in 2000 states in the credits that she became an activist for social equality.

The Bollywood movie Black (2005) was largely based on Keller's story, from her childhood to her graduation. A documentary called Shining Soul: Helen Keller's Spiritual Life and Legacy was produced by the Swedenborg Foundation in the same year. The film focuses on the role played by Emanuel Swedenborg's spiritual theology in her life and how it inspired Keller's triumph over her triple disabilities of blindness, deafness and a severe speech impediment.

On March 6, 2008, the New England Historic Genealogical Society announced that a staff member had discovered a rare 1888 photograph showing Helen and Anne, which, although previously published, had escaped widespread attention.^[30] Depicting Helen holding one of her many dolls, it is believed to be the earliest surviving photograph of Anne.^[31]

Posthumous honors[link]

Helen Keller as depicted on the Alabama state quarter

In 1999, Keller was listed in Gallup's Most Widely Admired People of the 20th century.

In 2003, Alabama honored its native daughter on its state quarter.^[32]

The Helen Keller Hospital in Sheffield, Alabama is dedicated to her.^[33]

There are streets named after Helen Keller in Getafe, Spain, in Lod, Israel^[34], in Lisbon, Portugal^[35] and in Caen, France.

A preschool for the deaf and hard of hearing in Mysore, India, was originally named after Helen Keller by its founder K. K. Srinivasan.

On October 7, 2009, a bronze statue of Helen Keller was added to the National Statuary Hall Collection, as a replacement for the State of Alabama's former 1908 statue of the education reformer Jabez Lamar Monroe Curry. It is displayed in the United States Capitol Visitor Center and depicts Keller as a seven-year-old child standing at a water pump. The statue represents the seminal moment in Keller's life when she understood her first word: W-A-T-E-R, as signed into her hand by teacher Anne Sullivan. The pedestal base bears a quotation in raised letters and Braille characters: "The best and most beautiful things in the world cannot be seen or even touched, they must be felt with the heart."^[36] The statue is the first one of a person with a disability and of a child to be permanently displayed at the U.S. Capitol.^[37][38][39]

See also[link]

• Helen Keller Services for the Blind

References[link]

Further reading[link]

• Keller, Helen with Anne Sullivan and John A. Macy (1903) The Story of My Life. New York, NY: Doubleday, Page & Co.
• Lash, Joseph P. (1980) Helen and Teacher: The Story of Helen Keller and Anne Sullivan Macy . New York, NY: Delacorte Press. ISBN 978-0-440-03654-8
• Herrmann, Dorothy (1998) Helen Keller: A Life. New York, NY: Knopf. ISBN 978-0-679-44354-4
• "Keller, Helen Adams" World Encyclopedia. Philip's, 2008. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. University of Edinburgh. February 10, 2012 <http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t142.e6208>

External links[link]

Wikisource has original works written by or about: Helen Keller

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Helen Keller

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Helen Keller

• The Story of My Life by Helen Keller at Project Gutenberg
• The Story of My Life with introduction to the text
• Works by or about Helen Keller in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
• Booknotes interview with Dorothy Herrmann on Helen Keller: A Life, October 25, 1998.

v t e Helen Keller Life history Ivy Green Tuscumbia, Alabama Laura Bridgman Alexander Graham Bell Schools attended Perkins School for the Blind Anne Sullivan Wright-Humason School for the Deaf Horace Mann School for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing The Cambridge School of Weston Radcliffe College Related foundations Helen Keller International American Civil Liberties Union Helen Keller Services for the Blind Related works The Frost King The Story of My Life The World I Live In My Religion Light in My Darkness Deliverance Helen Keller in Her Story The Miracle Worker The Miracle Continues Black