- published: 24 Mar 2010
- views: 13089
- author: John Wood
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- A174 road
- A19 road
- A64 road
- A66 road
- Ainsty
- Airedale Line
- Airport
- Ampleforth
- Ampleforth College
- Anne McIntosh
- Appleton-le-Moors
- Arriva
- Auto racing
- BBC Radio Leeds
- BBC Radio York
- BBC Tees
- BBC Yorkshire
- Bedale
- Bedfordshire
- Beeching Axe
- Beningbrough Hall
- Berkshire
- Bolton Abbey
- Bolton Castle
- Bolton-on-Swale
- Boroughbridge
- Borrowby, Hambleton
- Brigantes
- Brimham Rocks
- Bristol
- British Superbike
- Brompton, Hambleton
- Brotton
- Buckinghamshire
- Byland Abbey
- Calderdale
- Cambridgeshire
- Castle Howard
- Catterick Garrison
- Cawood
- Ceremonial county
- Cheshire
- City of Bradford
- City of Leeds
- City of London
- City of Wakefield
- City of York
- Cleveland Hills
- Cleveland, England
- Comprehensive school
- Conference National
- Conistone
- Cornwall
- County borough
- County Durham
- Craven
- Croft Circuit
- Culture of Yorkshire
- Cumbria
- Dales & District
- Dalton, Hambleton
- Danby Wiske
- Darlington
- Deira
- Derbyshire
- Devon
- Districts of England
- Dorset
- Duncombe Park
- Easby, Hambleton
- Easingwold
- East Coast Main Line
- East Sussex
- Ebberston
- Eggborough
- Egton
- Elmet
- England
- English Heritage
- Esk Valley Line
- Essex
- Eston
- Eston Nab
- Falconry
- Filey
- First Group
- Folkton
- Football League
- Fountains Abbey
- Geology of Yorkshire
- Giggleswick
- Gisborough Priory
- Glasshouses
- Gloucestershire
- Goathland
- God's Own Country
- Grassington
- Great Ayton
- Greater London
- Greater Manchester
- Guisborough
- Hambleton
- Hampshire
- Harrogate
- Harrogate & District
- Harrogate (borough)
- Harrogate Line
- Hawes
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- Heatwave
- Helmsley
- Helmsley Castle
- Herefordshire
- Hertfordshire
- High Bentham
- History of York
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- Howardian Hills
- Hugh Bayley
- Hull City A.F.C.
- Hull to York Line
- Hunmanby
- Ian Swales
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- Ingleby Barwick
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- ISO 3166-2 GB
- Julian Sturdy
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- Kettlewell
- Killinghall
- Kilnsey
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- Labour Party (UK)
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- Mount Grace Priory
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- National Express
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- Robert Goodwill
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- Rock-It-Ball
- Roman Britain
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- Rugby league
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- Rutland
- Ryedale
- Saltburn-by-the-Sea
- Scagglethorpe
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- Scandinavian York
- Scarborough Castle
- Selby
- Selby (district)
- Selby Abbey
- Semi-arid climate
- Settle
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- Shandy Hall
- Sheffield
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-
A168 road
The A168 is a major road in North Yorkshire, England. It runs from Northallerton to Wetherby, acting as a local access road for the A1(M).
The majority of it was built during A1 upgrades as parts of it between Dishforth and Walshford are originally part of the old A1 southbound carriageway until it was upgraded to the A1(M) several feet to the west.
The original route ran from Topcliffe to Northallerton, the current southern section of the A167.
Heading northwards, it begins at the roundabout with the A659 (Wattlesyke for Collingham) near junction 45 of the A1(M). This section of road was built when the A1 was improved to A1(M) in the Bramham to Wetherby section of the A1 Darrington to Dishforth scheme which was completed in December 2009. At Sweep Farm it follows the route of the former A1. It meets the eastern terminus of the A58 at a roundabout, and follows the former A1 Wetherby bypass across the River Wharfe, built in 1959. It runs next to the motorway Wetherby bypass and there is a roundabout for the former B1224, for Wetherby Racecourse. There is a roundabout for an industrial estate and then one for the newly-diverted B1224, and junction 46 of the A1(M), where it rejoins the former Great North Road. There is a junction for Kirk Deighton then one for Cowthorpe. At Walshford Bridge it crosses the River Nidd.
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A174 road
The A174 is a major road in North Yorkshire, England. It runs from Thornaby-on-Tees to Whitby.
Coordinates: 54°33′56″N 0°54′56″W / 54.5656°N 0.9156°W / 54.5656; -0.9156 (A174 road)
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A19 road
The A19 is a major road in England running approximately parallel to and east of the A1 road, although the two roads meet at the northern end of the A19, the two roads originally met at the southern end of the A19 in Doncaster but the old route of the A1 was changed to the A638. From Sunderland northwards, the route was formerly the A108. In the past the route was known as the East of Snaith-York-Thirsk-Stockton-on-Tees-Sunderland Trunk Road. Most traffic joins the A19, heading for Teesside, from the A168 at Dishforth Interchange.
The southern end of the A19 starts at the St Mary's Roundabout with the A630 Church Way and A638 just to the north of Doncaster itself near to the parish church; this junction has been improved in recent years. It leaves the A638 at the next roundabout as Bentley Road, and then winds its way over the East Coast Main Line, which it follows through Selby and York, through the suburb of Bentley passing the Shell Bentley Service Station, St Peter's church and the Druid's Arms and out into the countryside to the north of the urban area. It then passes the Pavilion exhibition centre.
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A64 road
The A64 is a major road in North and West Yorkshire, England which links Leeds, York and Scarborough. The A64 starts as the A64(M) ring road motorway in Leeds, then towards York it becomes a high quality dual carriageway for the remainder of its route, except sections of the road from Malton to Scarborough.
The road approximates a section of the old Roman road running from Chester to Bridlington, intersecting Ermine Street - the Old North Road - at York.
The road begins in Leeds as the A64(M) at Richmond Hill and the Woodpecker Junction, and close to the West Yorkshire Playhouse and the NHS's imposing Quarry House. It leads onto the York Road, passing All Saints Richmond Hill CE Primary School where there is a flyover for Lupton Avenue, and a left turn for the B6159 Harehills Lane near the Victoria Primary School. At Killingbeck, the A63 forks to the right at its western terminus. It passes Asda on the left, with the Killingbeck Retail Park, and Seacroft Hospital on the right. It meets Foundry Lane and Cross Gates Road at a roundabout next to Killingbeck police station. It meets, and overlaps with, the Leeds Outer Ring Road (A6120) at a roundabout near Swarcliffe next to St Theresa's RC Primary School, and at Seacroft there is a roundabout where the A64 leaves to the right, with the Ramada Leeds North hotel to the east.
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A66 road
The A66 is a major road in northern England which in part follows the course of the Roman road from Scotch Corner to Penrith. It runs from east of Middlesbrough in the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire to Workington in Cumbria. It is anomalously numbered since west of Penrith it trespasses into numbering zone 5; this is because it originally terminated at the A6 in Penrith, but was extended further west in order to create one continuous east–west route. Most of what is now the A66 west of Penrith was originally A594 – only a small stub of this road remains, from Maryport to Cockermouth.
From its eastern terminus between Redcar and Middlesbrough, it runs past Stockton-on-Tees and Darlington mainly as two to three lane dual-carriageway and single carriageway past Darlington, becoming motorway standard as the A66(M) shortly before meeting junction 57 of the A1(M). It follows the A1(M) south to Scotch Corner from where it continues west across the Pennines, past Brough, Appleby, Kirkby Thore, Temple Sowerby, Penrith, Keswick and Cockermouth, and on through the northern reaches of the Lake District, before arriving at the coastal town of Workington. There is a short stretch of two lane dual carriageway alongside the northern part of Bassenthwaite Lake between Keswick and Cockermouth. Whilst the eastbound section follows the straight line of the disused Cockermouth, Keswick and Penrith Railway, the westbound section has numerous bends with climbs and dips. The western end of the Bassenthwaite stretch has been permanently reduced to a single lane with a 50 miles per hour (80 km/h) limit monitored by average speed cameras.
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Ainsty
The Ainsty or the Ainsty of York was a historic district of Yorkshire, England adjacent to the City of York. Originally a wapentake or subdivision of the West Riding of Yorkshire it later had a unique status as a rural area controlled by the corporation of the city.
The Ainsty covered a few square miles situated to the west of York. It was bounded by three rivers: the Nidd to the north; the Ouse to the west and the Wharfe to the south. The Ainsty was unique among the wapentakes of Yorkshire in that it was not formally included in any Ridings from 1449 until 1836.
The Ainsty originally formed part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, although the City of York claimed jurisdiction over the area under a royal charter of King John granted in the early 13th century. The validity of this charter was a matter of dispute between the city and the Crown, eventually leading to the imprisonment of the mayor in 1280 when it was proved that a clause in the document had been altered. The bailiffs of the city were subsequently able to resume jurisdiction of the wapentake, although it was not formally included in the city when it was created a county of itself in 1396.
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Ampleforth
Coordinates: 54°12′04″N 1°06′25″W / 54.201°N 1.107°W / 54.201; -1.107
Ampleforth is a village and civil parish in the Ryedale district of North Yorkshire, England, about 23 miles (37 km) north of York. The village is situated on the edge of the North York Moors National Park. The parish has a population of 883 according to the 2001 census and includes Ampleforth College.
Until immediately after the Second World War Ampleforth mainly consisted of houses built along the main road which serves as the principal thoroughfare. Here there are several buildings dating back to the 19th century including the village's shop and the adjoining Coram Cottage, constructed in 1856.
After the war the village began to spread southwards and further east along what now are called Mill Lane and East Lane. At the southern end of the village there is a former council estate constructed in the 1960s which formed the greatest part of the development. Construction of new houses continues today. Along East Lane small farms are gradually being developed into large homes so that the rural and residential split becomes less marked.
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Ampleforth College
Coordinates: 54°12′06″N 1°05′02″W / 54.201770°N 1.083910°W / 54.201770; -1.083910
Ampleforth College is a coeducational independent day and boarding school in the village of Ampleforth, North Yorkshire, England. It opened in 1802 as a boys' school, and is run by the Benedictine monks and lay staff of Ampleforth Abbey.
The school is situated in a valley with sports pitches, wooded areas and lakes. There are three lakes remaining of the original five constructed by the Fairfax family centuries ago. The middle lake is stocked with trout (mainly brown and rainbow, although the occasional blue back has been seen).
Its affiliated preparatory school, St Martin's Ampleforth, is located across the valley at Gilling Castle.
The college began as a small school for 70 boys founded by Benedictine monks at Ampleforth Abbey in 1802. The school formally constituted as a Roman Catholic boarding school in 1900. Various buildings were slowly added, including the school theatre which was built in 1909. The first boarding houses were founded in 1926 to accommodate the growing pupil numbers.
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BBC Radio York
BBC Radio York is the BBC Local Radio service for the English county of North Yorkshire.
The station was launched at 6:30am on 4 July 1983 - a launch featured on the cover of the Radio Times. A year prior to its launch, a temporary AM service was broadcast for coverage of Pope John Paul II's visit to the city.
BBC Radio York was the only local radio station in North Yorkshire in its first nine years of operation. The independent commercial rival, Minster FM, began broadcasting on 4 July 1992. Stray FM, the independent station covering the Harrogate and Ripon areas, made its first transmission exactly two years to the day after Minster's launch and eleven years to the day after BBC York's launch.
The first station manager was John Jefferson with the late Tony Fish as Programme Organiser. The original team included David Farwig, Derm Tanner, Andy Joynson, Will Hanrahan, Graham Pass, Andy Hitchcock, Chris Loveder and Chris Choi, Charlotte Counsel, Shirley Lewis and Sandy Barton.
Initially, the station was only on air for a few hours a day (6.30am to 1pm and 4pm to 6pm during the week with weekend programming restricted to 8am until around 2pm) and carried BBC Radio 2 the rest of the time. At first, local sports coverage was produced by BBC Radio Leeds. During the second half of the 1980s broadcast hours expanded. Afternoon broadcasting was introduced and weekend programming started at 7am. Radio York also started producing its own sports programming on Saturday afternoons but did not introduce Sunday afternoon programming until the end of the decade.
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Bedale
Coordinates: 54°17′00″N 1°35′00″W / 54.2833°N 1.5833°W / 54.2833; -1.5833
Bedale is a market town and civil parish in the district of Hambleton, North Yorkshire, England. It lies 34 miles (55 km) north of Leeds, 26 miles (42 km) southwest of Middlesbrough, and 7 miles (11 km) south west of the county town of Northallerton. It was originally in Richmondshire and listed in the Domesday Book as part of Catterick wapentake, which was also known as Hangshire (so named from Hang Bank in Finghall and because of the many gallows used to execute marauding Scots); it was split again and Bedale remained in East Hang. Bedale Beck is a tributary of the River Swale, which forms one of the Yorkshire Dales, with its predominance of agriculture and its related small traditional trades, although tourism is increasingly important.
Before the Harrying of the North, Bedale was held by Torpin (Thorfinn[disambiguation needed
]), a patronym retained by the infamous Dick Turpin. The parish church also dates from this time (as evidenced by its crypt), before significant remodelling.
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Bedfordshire
Bedfordshire (
/ˈbɛdfərdʃər/ or /ˈbɛdfərdʃɪər/; abbreviated Beds.) is a ceremonial county of historic origin in England that forms part of the East of England region.
It borders Cambridgeshire to the north-east, Northamptonshire to the north, Buckinghamshire to the west and Hertfordshire to the south-east.
The highest elevation point is 243 metres (797 ft) on Dunstable Downs in the Chilterns.
As part of a 2002 marketing campaign, the plant conservation charity Plantlife chose the Bee Orchid as the county flower.
The traditional nickname for people from Bedfordshire is "Bedfordshire Bulldogs" or "Clangers", this last deriving from a local dish comprising a suet crust dumpling filled with meat or jam or both.
It is the 14th most densely populated county of England and the fifth most densly populated non-metropolitan county with over half the population of the county living in the two largest built up areas of Bedford (102,000) and Luton (236,000).
The first recorded use of the name was in 1011 as "Bedanfordscir," meaning the shire or county of Bedford, which itself means "Beda's ford" (river crossing).
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Beningbrough Hall
Beningbrough Hall is a large Georgian mansion near the village of Beningbrough, North Yorkshire, England overlooking the River Ouse. It boasts one of Britain's finest baroque interiors and an attractive walled garden, as well as being home to over 100 portraits on loan from the National Portrait Gallery. It has a restaurant, shop and garden shop, and was shortlisted in 2010 for the Guardian Family Friendly Museum Award.
Beningbrough Hall, situated a few miles outside of York, was built in 1716 by a York landowner, John Bourchier III to replace his family's modest Elizabethan manor, which had been built by Sir Ralph Bourchier on his inheritance to the estate in 1556. It has a baroque interior and amazing cantilevered stairs, exceptional wood carving and unusual central corridors which run the length of the house. Externally the house is an imposing red-brick Georgian mansion with a grand drive running up to the main frontage.
Little is known about the architect. Possibly it was Thomas Archer. Local builder William Thornton oversaw the construction, but Beningbrough's actual designer remains a mystery.
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Berkshire
Berkshire ( /ˈbɑrkʃər/ or /ˈbɑrkʃɪər/, abbreviated Berks) is both a ceremonial county and a historic county of England. The administrative county of Berkshire including the Berkshire County Council were abolished in 1998. The county is often referred to as the Royal County of Berkshire because of the presence of the royal residence of Windsor Castle in the county; this usage, which dates to the 19th century at least, was recognised by the Queen in 1957, and letters patent issued confirming this in 1974.
The ceremonial county has the same boundaries as the former administrative county, but historically the county was not co-terminous with this. The county borders the counties of Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Surrey, Wiltshire and Hampshire. Historically the county included several towns to the northwest of the county (including Abingdon, Didcot and Wantage) that were moved into Oxfordshire in 1974 boundary changes. At the same time the town of Slough was moved into Berkshire from Buckinghamshire.
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Bolton Abbey
Bolton Abbey is the estate within which is located the ruined 12th-century Augustinian Bolton Priory in North Yorkshire, England. It gives its name to the parish of Bolton Abbey.
The monastery was originally founded at Embsay in 1120. Led by a prior, Bolton Abbey was technically a priory, despite its name. It was founded in 1154 by the Augustinian order, on the banks of the River Wharfe. The land at Bolton, as well as other resources, were given to the order by Lady Alice de Romille of Skipton Castle in 1154. In the early 14th century Scottish raiders caused the temporary abandonment of the site and serious structural damage to the priory. The seal of the priory featured the Blessed Virgin Mary and the Child and the phrase sigillum sancte Marie de Bolton.
The nave of the abbey church was in use as a parish church from about 1170 onwards, and survived the Dissolution of the Monasteries.
Building work was still going on at the abbey when the Dissolution of the Monasteries resulted in the termination of the priory in 1539. The east end remains in ruins. A tower, begun in 1520, was left half-standing, and its base was later given a bell-turret and converted into an entrance porch. Most of the remaining church is in the Gothic style of architecture, but more work was done in the Victorian era, including windows by [August Pugin].
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Bolton Castle
Bolton Castle in North Yorkshire, is located in Wensleydale in the Yorkshire Dales (grid reference SE03379183). The nearby village Castle Bolton takes its name from the castle. The castle is a Grade I listed building and a Scheduled Ancient Monument. The castle was damaged in the English Civil War, but much of it remains. It has never been sold and is still in the ownership of the descendants of the Scrope family, and is now a tourist attraction.
It was built between 1378 and 1399 by Richard le Scrope, 1st Baron Scrope of Bolton and Chancellor of England, and is an example of a quadrangular castle. Construction was reputed to cost 18,000 Marks. The licence to build it was granted in July 1379 and a contract with the mason Johan Lewyn was made in September 1378. Leland described 'An Astronomical Clock' in the courtyard and how smoke was conveyed from the hearth in the hall through tunnels. Bolton Castle was described by Sir Francis Knollys as having 'The highest walls of any house he had seen'.
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Boroughbridge
Coordinates: 54°05′42″N 1°23′53″W / 54.095°N 1.398°W / 54.095; -1.398
Boroughbridge is a small town and civil parish in the Harrogate district of North Yorkshire, England. It is situated 13 miles (21 km) northwest of York. Until its bypass was built, it was on the main A1 road from London to Edinburgh. The A1 crosses the River Ure here.
Traditionally the origin of the name "Boroughbridge" lies in its location relative to the nearby town of Aldborough. Aldborough was the principal town in the area during the Roman period, known then as Isurium Brigantum. After the Norman Conquest it appears that the crossing of Dere Street (the Roman Road heading to the North from York) over the Ure was diverted from just north of Aldborough to its present position in the town of Boroughbridge.
A new town grew up around this crossing and, whilst the Old Town became known as the "Ald-Borough" (Hence Aldborough), the New Town became "New Borough on t'Brigg" (Brigg being Bridge), which naturally became "Borough on t'Brigg" and finally Boroughbridge.
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Bristol
Bristol
i/ˈbrɪstəl/ is a city, unitary authority area and ceremonial county in South West England, with an estimated population of 433,100 for the unitary authority in 2009, and a surrounding Larger Urban Zone (LUZ) with an estimated 1,070,000 residents in 2007. It is England's sixth and the United Kingdom's eighth most populous city, one of the group of English Core Cities and the most populous city in South West England.
Historically within Gloucestershire, the city received a Royal Charter in 1155 and was granted County status in 1373. From the 13th century, for half a millennium, it ranked amongst the top three English cities after London, alongside York and Norwich, on the basis of tax receipts, until the rapid rise of Liverpool, Birmingham and Manchester during the Industrial Revolution in the latter part of the 18th century. It borders the counties of Somerset and Gloucestershire, and is also located near the historic cities of Bath to the south east and Gloucester to the north. The city is built around the River Avon, and it also has a short coastline on the Severn Estuary, which flows into the Bristol Channel.
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Brotton
Coordinates: 54°34′05″N 0°56′13″W / 54.568°N 0.937°W / 54.568; -0.937
Brotton is a village in the parish of Skelton and Brotton, in the unitary authority of Redcar and Cleveland and ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. It is approximately 2.5 miles (4 km) southeast of Saltburn-by-the-Sea, 16.7 miles (26.9 km) east of Middlesbrough and 16.6 miles (26.7 km) northwest of Whitby. In 2002, the village had a population of 5,384.
The name of the village (known in medieval times as 'Broctune') literally means, "town on the brow of a hill", and is listed in the Domesday Book. The hill in question, Warsett Hill, tops the large Huntcliffe which was the site of one of the many Roman signal stations built along the east coast to defend against Anglo-Saxon attack. Brotton was one of a number of manors granted by William the Conqueror to Robert de Brus, Lord of Skelton. Over recent years it has become somewhat isolated because of a bypass which was opened in 1998 between the villages of Skelton-in-Cleveland and Carlin How.
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Buckinghamshire
Buckinghamshire ( /ˈbʌkɪŋəmʃər/ or /ˈbʌkɪŋəmʃɪər/; archaically the County of Buckingham; abbreviated Bucks) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan home county in South East England. The county town is Aylesbury, the largest town in the ceremonial county is Milton Keynes and largest town in the non-metropolitan county is High Wycombe.
The area under the control of Buckinghamshire County Council, or shire county, is divided into four districts—Aylesbury Vale, Chiltern, South Bucks and Wycombe. The Borough of Milton Keynes is a unitary authority and forms part of the county for various functions such as Lord Lieutenant but does not come under county council control. The ceremonial county, the area including Milton Keynes borough, borders Greater London (to the south east), Berkshire (to the south), Oxfordshire (to the west), Northamptonshire (to the north), Bedfordshire (to the north east) and Hertfordshire (to the east).
Sections of the county closer to London are part of the Metropolitan Green Belt, which limits development. It is the location of the nationally important Pinewood Studios and Dorney Lake, which will be holding the rowing events at the 2012 Summer Olympics. It is also well known for the new town of Milton Keynes and the Chiltern Hills area of outstanding natural beauty.
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Byland Abbey
Byland Abbey is a ruined abbey and a small village in the Ryedale district of North Yorkshire, England at grid reference SE549790.
It was founded as a Savigniac abbey in January 1135 and was absorbed by the Cistercian order in 1147. It wasn't an easy start for the community who had had to move five times before settling at New Byland, near Coxwold in 1177. Its early history was marked by disputes with no fewer than four other religious establishments: (Furness Abbey, Calder Abbey, Rievaulx Abbey and Newburgh Priory). However, once it had overcome this bad start, it was described in the late 14th century as "one of the three shining lights of the north". Its financial success was not as great as that of places like Rievaulx, but it was famed for its sheep rearing and wool exports. Its church was said to be among the finest 12th-century churches in Europe.
It was dissolved on 30 November 1538. In 1539, its site was granted to Sir William Pickering.
Impressive remains can still be seen, in the care of English Heritage, including the lower half of a huge rose window. An interesting feature is the preservation of some of the brightly-coloured medieval floor tiles. An altar table was also recovered, although that is now in Ampleforth, and a stone lectern base from the chapter house is the only example its kind in Britain.
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Calderdale
The Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale is a metropolitan borough of West Yorkshire, England, through which the upper part of the River Calder flows, and from which it takes its name. There are also some small river valleys that contain tributaries of the River Calder.
Calderdale is made up of the amalgamation of six former local government districts, spanning (from east to west), the towns of Brighouse, Elland, Halifax, Sowerby Bridge, Hebden Bridge and Todmorden.
Halifax acts as the borough's main commercial, cultural and administrative centre, with numerous high street chain stores, markets, central library, borough council offices, public transport hub, central police station and the further and higher education college, as well as other major local organisations.
The borough covers part of the South Pennines and is the southern-most of the Yorkshire Dales. However, not being part of the Yorkshire Dales national park, Calderdale is generally less well known than its neighbours to the north.
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Cambridgeshire
Cambridgeshire ( /ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒʃər/ or /ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒʃɪər/; also known, archaically, as the County of Cambridge; abbreviated Cambs.) is a county in England, bordering Lincolnshire to the north, Norfolk to the northeast, Suffolk to the east, Essex and Hertfordshire to the south, and Bedfordshire and Northamptonshire to the west. The principal settlement is the city of Cambridge. Modern Cambridgeshire was formed from the historic counties of Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire, together with the Isle of Ely and the Soke of Peterborough; it contains most of the region known as Silicon Fen.
Cambridgeshire is twinned with Kreis Viersen in Germany.
Cambridgeshire is noted as the site of some of the earliest known Neolithic permanent settlements in the United Kingdom, along with sites at Fengate and Balbridie.
Cambridgeshire was recorded in the Domesday Book as "Grantbridgeshire" (or rather Grentebrigescire) (cf the river Granta). Covering a large part of East Anglia, Cambridgeshire today is the result of several local government unifications. In 1888 when county councils were introduced, separate councils were set up, following the traditional division of Cambridgeshire, for
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Catterick Garrison
Coordinates: 54°22′39″N 1°43′19″W / 54.3774°N 1.7220°W / 54.3774; -1.7220
Catterick Garrison is a major garrison located in Northern England. It is the largest British Army garrison in the world with a population of around 12,000, in addition to a large temporary population of soldiers, and is larger than the neighbouring village of Catterick.
It is not one single enclosed site, but consists of several separate barracks around which a town has developed. The Garrison gained its first large supermarket, a Tesco store, in 2000; along with a retail park including a McDonalds. The road signs have been changed to read "Town Centre" instead of "Camp Centre" (which is a roundabout). The garrison houses both 4 Mechanised Brigade and the Infantry Training Centre (Catterick)—where all infantry soldiers receive their basic training.
The siting of the garrison was first recommended by Robert Baden-Powell who founded the Scouting movement in 1908 whilst he was based at the army barracks—at that time located in Richmond Castle. The area was originally named Richmond Camp before being changed to Catterick Camp in 1915.
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Cawood
Coordinates: 53°50′00″N 1°07′54″W / 53.833278°N 1.131646°W / 53.833278; -1.131646
Cawood (other names: Carwood) is a large village (formerly a market town) and civil parish in the Selby district of North Yorkshire, England that is notable as the finding-place of the Cawood sword.
In his King's England series, Arthur Mee refers to Cawood as "the Windsor of the North". It used to be the residence of the Archbishops of York. The name is believed to come from the characteristic noise made by crows in the nearby woods. Cawood is south of the point where the River Wharfe flows in to the River Ouse which subsequently forms the northern border of the village. Cawood Bridge is the only bridge from the village which spans the river. The bridge was opened in 1872: before then the only means of crossing was by use of a ferry. Dick Turpin is said to have forded the river when he escaped to York, which lies ten miles north of Cawood. The river Ouse used to flood the village regularly in winter. Since the floods of January 1982, whose height is marked on the bridgekeepers' cottage, river defences have been raised so that the fields on the northern side (Kelfield Ings) and the former Ferry Boat Inn, also on the Kelfield side, are now the only areas that flood, even at times of exceptionally high waters, such as in November 2000.
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Cheshire
Cheshire ( /ˈtʃɛʃər/ or /ˈtʃɛʃɪər/; also known as the County Palatine of Chester, and archaically, as the County of Chester; abbreviated Ches.) is a ceremonial county in North West England. Cheshire's county town is the city of Chester, although the largest town since county boundary changes in 1974 is Warrington (moved from Lancashire for administrative purposes in 1974). Other major towns include Widnes (also moved from Lancashire in 1974), Congleton, Crewe, Ellesmere Port, Runcorn, Macclesfield, Winsford, Northwich, and Wilmslow. Historically the county contained the Wirral, Stockport, Altrincham and other towns. The county is bordered by Merseyside and Greater Manchester to the north, Derbyshire to the east, Staffordshire and Shropshire to the south, and Flintshire and Wrexham in Wales to the west. The county is a part of the Welsh Marches.
Cheshire's area is 2,343 square kilometres (905 sq mi) and its population is around 700,000. Apart from the large towns along the River Mersey and the historic city of Chester, it is mostly rural, with a number of small towns and villages that support an agricultural industry. It is historically famous as a former principality and for the production of Cheshire cheese, salt, bulk chemicals, and woven silk.
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City of Bradford
The City of Bradfordi/ˈbrædfəd/ is a local government district of West Yorkshire, England with the status of a city and metropolitan borough. It is named after its largest settlement, Bradford, but covers a far larger area which includes the towns of Keighley, Shipley, Bingley, Ilkley, Haworth, Silsden and Denholme. Bradford has a population of 501,700, making it the fourth-most populous metropolitan district and the sixth-most populous local authority district in England. It forms part of the West Yorkshire Urban Area conurbation which in 2001 had a population of 1.5 million and the city is part of the Leeds-Bradford Larger Urban Zone (LUZ), which, with a population of 2,393,300, is the third largest in the United Kingdom after London and Manchester.
The city is situated on the edge of the Pennines, and is bounded to the east by the City of Leeds, the south east by the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees and the south west by the Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale. The Pendle borough of Lancashire lies to the west, whilst the Craven and Harrogate boroughs of North Yorkshire lie to the north west and north east of the city. Bradford, the urban core, is the 11th largest settlement in England, and the contiguous urban area to the north which includes the towns of Shipley and Bingley is heavily populated. The spa town of Ilkley lies further north, whilst the town of Keighley lies to the west. Roughly two thirds of the district is rural, with an environment varying from moorlands in the north and west, to valleys and floodplains formed by the river systems that flow throughout the district. More than half of Bradford’s land is green open space, stretching over part of the Airedale and Wharfedale Valleys, across the hills and the Pennine moorland between. The Yorkshire Dales and the Peak District are both in close proximity.
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City of Leeds
Coordinates: 53°47′59″N 1°32′57″W / 53.79972°N 1.54917°W / 53.79972; -1.54917 The City of Leeds is a local government district of West Yorkshire, England, governed by Leeds City Council, with the status of a city and metropolitan borough. The metropolitan district includes Leeds and the towns of Farsley, Garforth, Guiseley, Horsforth, Morley, Otley, Pudsey, Rothwell, Wetherby and Yeadon. It has a population of 798,800 (2010 est.) and is the second largest local government district in England by population; and the second largest metropolitan district by area.
The current city boundaries were set on 1 April 1974 by the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972, as part a reform of local government in England. The city is a merger of eleven former local government districts; the unitary City and County Borough of Leeds combined with the municipal boroughs of Morley and Pudsey, the urban districts of Aireborough, Garforth, Horsforth, Otley and Rothwell, and parts of the rural districts of Tadcaster, Wharfedale and Wetherby from the West Riding of Yorkshire.
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City of London
The City of London is an area in central London, England. In the medieval period it constituted most of London, but the conurbation has grown far beyond it. As the City’s boundaries have remained almost unchanged since the Middle Ages, it is now only a tiny part of the metropolis, though it remains a notable part of central London, holds city status in its own right, and is a separate ceremonial county.
It is often referred to as the City (often written on maps as "City") or the Square Mile, as it is just over one square mile (1.12 sq mi/2.90 km2) in area. These terms are also often used as metonyms for the United Kingdom's financial services industry, which continues a notable history of being based in the City.
The term London now refers to a much larger conurbation roughly corresponding to Greater London, a local government area which includes 32 London boroughs including the City of Westminster as well as the City of London. The local authority for the City, the City of London Corporation, is unique in the United Kingdom, and has some unusual responsibilities for a local authority in Britain, such as being the police authority for the City. It also has responsibilities and ownerships beyond the City's boundaries. The Corporation is headed by the Lord Mayor of the City of London, an office separate from (and much older than) the Mayor of London.
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City of Wakefield
Coordinates: 53°40′59″N 1°29′56″W / 53.683°N 1.499°W / 53.683; -1.499
The City of Wakefield ( /ˈweɪkfiːld/) is a local government district of West Yorkshire, England, with the status of a city and metropolitan borough. Wakefield is the district's administrative centre. The district includes the "Five Towns" of Normanton, Pontefract, Featherstone, Castleford and Knottingley. Other towns include Ossett, Hemsworth, South Kirkby & Moorthorpe and South Elmsall. Wakefield lies between Leeds and Sheffield and is ranked as the 89th largest city in the European Union. In 2010, Wakefield was named as the UK's third 'most musical' City by PRS for Music.
In recent years, the economic and physical condition of several of the former mining towns and villages in Wakefield District have started to improve due to the booming economy of Leeds - and an increase in numbers of commuters to the city from the sub-region - and a recognition of undeveloped assets. For instance Castleford, to the North East of Wakefield is seeing extensive development and investment because of the natural asset of its outlook on to the River Aire, its easy access to the national motorway network and the availability of former mining land for house-building. In Ossett, house prices have risen from an average of £50,000 in 1998 to £130,000 in 2003.
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Conistone
Conistone is a small village (population 117 in the 2001 census) in North Yorkshire, England. It lies 3 miles north of Grassington, beside the River Wharfe, in Upper Wharfedale.
The village is set in characteristic limestone scenery, including Mossdale Caverns, the dry gorge of Conistone Dib and the limestone outcrop of Conistone Pie. Above the Dib a Dalesway path connects Kettlewell, to its north, and Grassington, to its south, providing distant views over the Wharfedale. From the B6160 road, the Wharfe is crossed at Conistone by a stone-arch bridge, which is within easy walking distance of Kilnsey, with its Crag.
Conistone, bridge and Dib, over Wharfedale from west
Stone arch bridge over Wharfe
Meadowsweet along B6160, toward Kilnsey
Wall across Dib
View down Dib from top, at Dalesway path
Conistone Dib
Coordinates: 54°06′N 2°02′W / 54.1°N 2.033°W / 54.1; -2.033
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Cornwall
Cornwall ( /ˈkɔrnwɔːl/ or /ˈkɔrnwəl/;Cornish: Kernow [ˈkɛrnɔʊ]; Latin: Cornubia or Cornuvia) is a unitary authority and ceremonial county of England, within the United Kingdom. It is bordered to the north and west by the Celtic Sea, to the south by the English Channel, and to the east by the county of Devon, over the River Tamar. Cornwall has a population of 537,400 and covers an area of 3,563 km2 (1,376 sq mi). The administrative centre and only city is Truro.
The area now known as Cornwall was first inhabited in the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods. It continued to be occupied by Neolithic and then Bronze Age peoples, and later (in the Iron Age) by Brythons with distinctive cultural relations to neighbouring Wales and Brittany. There is little evidence that Roman rule was effective west of Exeter and few Roman remains have been found. Cornwall was a division of the Dumnonii tribe—whose tribal centre was in the modern county of Devon—known as the Cornovii, separated from Wales after the Battle of Deorham, often coming into conflict with the expanding English kingdom of Wessex before King Athelstan in AD 936 set the boundary between English and Cornish at the Tamar. From the early Middle Ages, British language and culture was apparently shared by Brythons trading across both sides of the Channel, evidenced by the corresponding high medieval Breton kingdoms of Domnonee and Cornouaille and the Celtic Christianity common to both territories.
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County Durham
County Durham /ˈdʌrəm/ is a ceremonial county and (smaller) unitary district in north east England. The county town is Durham. The largest settlement in the ceremonial county (in its own unitary Borough) is the town of Darlington. The county has a mixture of mining and farming heritage, as well as a heavy railway industry, particularity in the southwest of the county in Darlington, Shildon and Stockton. Its economy was historically based on coal and iron mining. It is an area of regeneration and promoted as a tourist destination.
The ceremonial county borders Tyne and Wear, North Yorkshire and Northumberland forms part of the North East England region.
Many counties are named after their principal town, and the expected form here would be Durhamshire. The county is commonly known as County Durham but was officially named Durham until at least 1997. The structural change legislation in 2009, however, referred to the county of County Durham. The former postal county was known as "County Durham" to distinguish it from the post town of Durham. Durham is the only English county name to be prefixed with "County" in common usage - a practice more common in Ireland.
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Craven
Craven is in recent times the name of a local government district in North Yorkshire, England that came into being in 1974, centred on the market town of Skipton. In the changes to British local government of that year this district was formed as the merger of Skipton urban district, Settle Rural District and most of Skipton Rural District, all in the West Riding of Yorkshire. It comprises the upper reaches of Airedale, Wharfedale, Ribblesdale, and includes most of the Aire Gap and Craven Basin.
Additionally, the name Craven is much older than the modern district, and once encompassed a larger area. This history is also still reflected in the way the term is still commonly used, for example by the Church of England.
Craven has been the name of this district throughout recorded history but it was never defined until 1974; its boundaries differed according to whether considering administration, taxation or religion.
The name Craven may be derived from the pre-Celtic cravona, meaning stony region. Or from the Celtic (Cumbric), related to the Welsh word craf meaning garlic. In the Middle Ages, the area was known for its wild garlic.[citation needed]
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Croft Circuit
Croft Circuit is a motor racing circuit located near Dalton-on-Tees in North Yorkshire, England. The tarmac circuit is just over 2 miles (3 km) long and is based on the lands of an airfield, but has long since moved on from being a basic airfield circuit. The circuit holds meetings of the British Touring Car Championship, British Superbike and Pickup Truck Racing race series.
The first records of racing at Croft date back to the 1920s, but it was after the Second World War that Croft circuit became a significant motorsport venue.
At the beginning of the Second World War an airfield named RAF Croft was built on the site now occupied by the circuit. Croft Aerodrome, as it was known, was mainly used as a bomber base. It was home to a number of different aircraft types including Wellington, Lancaster, Whitley, Stirling and Halifax bombers.
There were a number of notorious accidents mainly involving returning bombers missing their runway. One bomber made it all the way back from Germany only to crash into a tree at Atley Hill, about 4 miles (6 km) away; all the crew were killed. The dead stump of the tree survived as a grim memorial on Atley Hill until it was grubbed out by the landowner in the mid 1990s.
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Cumbria
Cumbria ( /ˈkʌmbriə/, locally [ˈkʊmbɾiə]) is a non-metropolitan county in North West England. The county and Cumbria County Council, its local authority, came into existence in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. Cumbria's largest settlement and county town is Carlisle and the only other major urban area is the town of Barrow-in-Furness on the south-western tip of the county. It consists of six districts, and in 2008 had a population of just under half a million. Cumbria is one of the most sparsely populated counties in the United Kingdom, with 73.4 people per km2 (190/sq mi). In comparison, the Borough of Barrow-in-Furness, in the south, has a population density over twelve times this at 921/km2 (2,385.3/sq mi).
Cumbria, the third largest ceremonial county in England by area, is bounded to the north by the Scottish council areas of Dumfries and Galloway and Scottish Borders, to the west by the Irish Sea, to the south by Lancashire, to the southeast by North Yorkshire, and to the east by County Durham and Northumberland.
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Danby Wiske
Coordinates: 54°22′52″N 1°28′54″W / 54.3811°N 1.4818°W / 54.3811; -1.4818
Danby Wiske is a village in the district of Hambleton in North Yorkshire, England. It is the main settlement in the civil parish of Danby Wiske with Lazenby. The village lies on a minor road between the village of Streetlam and the A167 near Northallerton. There is a junction in the centre of the village, with another minor road leading to the nearby village of Yafforth. Danby means the village of the Danes, and Wiske refers to the River Wiske which passes nearby.
Danby Wiske is on the 192-mile (309 km) Coast to Coast Walk, originated and described by Alfred Wainwright.
There is a Village Hall which is used for fundraising, community activities and social functions.
The village church is known simply as Danby Wiske Parish Church and is a Grade 1 Listed Building. The doorway dates from Norman times, and has a 12th century north aisle. The church tower underwent a small restoration program in early 2010
Danby Wiske is around ¼ mile from the East Coast Main Line; there was once a railway station here, but this has long since closed.
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Darlington
Coordinates: 54°31′37″N 1°33′09″W / 54.5270°N 1.5526°W / 54.5270; -1.5526
Darlington is a market town in the Borough of Darlington, part of the ceremonial county of County Durham, in the North East of England. It lies on the small River Skerne, a tributary of the River Tees, not far from the main river. It is the main population centre in the borough, with a population of 97,838 as of 2001. The town owes much of its development to the influence of local Quaker families during the Victorian era, and it is famous as the location of the world's first passenger railway. It is popularly known by locals as "Darlo". The railway station is an important stop on the East Coast Main Line.
The name Darlington derives from the Anglo-Saxon Dearthington, which seemingly meant 'the settlement of Deornoth's people' but by Norman times the name had changed to Derlinton. During the 17th and 18th centuries the town was generally known by the name of Darnton. Darlington started life as an Anglo-Saxon settlement. It has an historic market area in the town centre. Built in 1183, the Grade I listed St Cuthbert's Church is one of the most important early English churches in the north of England.
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Deira
Deira (Old English: Derenrice (Scandinavian: Deren Riket; Germanic Deren Reich) or Dere) was a kingdom in Northern England during the 6th century AD. It extended from the Humber to the Tees, and from the sea to the western edge of the Vale of York. It later merged with the kingdom of Bernicia to the north to form the kingdom of Northumbria.
The name of the kingdom is of Brythonic origin, perhaps from Deifr, meaning "waters", or from Daru, meaning "oak", in which case it would mean "the people of the Derwent", a derivation also found in the Latin name for Malton, Derventio.
According to Simeon of Durham it extended from the Humber to the Tyne, but the land was waste north of the Tees. After the Brythonic kingdom centered around Eboracum, which may have been called Ebrauc, was taken by Edwin, the city of Eboracum became its capital and was called Eoforwic (boar-place) by the Angles. Before this it is likely that the capital would have been at or near Pocklington.
The first Deiran Anglian king of whom we have any record is Ælla, who flourished in the later 6th century after conquering the realm from the Britons in 581. After his death, Deira was subject to king Æthelfrith of Bernicia, who united the two kingdoms into Northumbria. Æthelfrith ruled until the accession of Ælla's son Edwin, in 616 or 617, who also ruled both kingdoms until 633.
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Derbyshire
Coordinates: 53°8′N 1°36′W / 53.133°N 1.6°W / 53.133; -1.6
Derbyshire (i/ˈdɑrbɨʃə/ DAR-bi-shər or /ˈdɑrbɪʃɪər/ DAR-bi-sheer; abbreviated Derbys. or Derbs.) is a county in the East Midlands of England. A substantial portion of the Peak District National Park lies within Derbyshire. The southern extremity of the Pennine range of hills extends into the north of the county. The county contains within its boundary of approximately 225 miles part of the National Forest. It borders on Greater Manchester to the northwest, West Yorkshire to the north, South Yorkshire to the northeast, Nottinghamshire to the east, Leicestershire to the southeast, Staffordshire to the west and southwest and Cheshire also to the west. In 2003 the Ordnance Survey placed Church Flatts farm, near Coton in the Elms, as the furthest point from the sea in Great Britain.
The city of Derby is now a unitary authority area, but remains part of the ceremonial county of Derbyshire. The non-metropolitan county contains 30 towns with between 10,000 and 100,000 inhabitants. There is a large amount of sparsely populated agricultural upland: 75% of the population live in 25% of the area.[citation needed]
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Devon
Coordinates: 50°42′N 3°48′W / 50.7°N 3.8°W / 50.7; -3.8
Devon ( /ˈdɛvən/) is a large county in southwestern England. The county is sometimes referred to as Devonshire, although it has never been officially "shired" and that use often indicates a traditional or historical context. Nowadays, "Devonshire" is mostly a demonym.
The county shares borders with Cornwall to the west and Dorset and Somerset to the east. Its southern coast abuts the English Channel and its northern coast the Bristol Channel and Celtic Sea. The name "Devon" derives from the ancient Dumnonia, which was home to the independent kingdom of Brythonic Celtic speaking people who inhabited this area of the southwestern peninsula of Britain continuously from through the Roman era until partial absorption into the English-speaking Kingdom of Wessex some time in the eighth or ninth century, with some emigration to the sister Kingdom of Domnonee in Brittany taking place.
Devon is the fourth largest of the English counties by area and has a population of 1,141,600 making it the 11th most populous. The county town is the cathedral city of Exeter. In addition to Devon County Council, the county contains two unitary authorities (independent from Devon County Council's control): the port city of Plymouth and Torbay, a conurbation of seaside resorts. Plymouth is also the largest city in Devon. Much of the county is rural (including national park) land, with a low population density by British standards. It contains Dartmoor 954 km2 (368 sq mi), the largest open space in southern England. It is the only English county to have two separate coastlines – a north and southern coastline.
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Dorset
Dorset (
/ˈdɔrsɨt/) (or archaically, Dorsetshire), is a county in South West England on the English Channel coast. The county town is Dorchester which is situated in the south. The Hampshire towns of Bournemouth and Christchurch joined the county with the reorganisation of local government in 1974. The ceremonial county comprises the area covered by the non-metropolitan county, which is governed by Dorset County Council, together with the unitary authorities of Poole and Bournemouth. Dorset covers an area of 2,653 square kilometres (1,024 sq mi); it borders Devon to the west, Somerset to the north-west, Wiltshire to the north-east, and Hampshire to the east. Around half of Dorset's population lives in the South East Dorset conurbation. The rest of the county is largely rural with a low population density.
The county has a long history of human settlement and some notable archaeology, including the hill forts of Maiden Castle and Hod Hill. A large defensive ditch, Bokerley Dyke, delayed the Saxon conquest of Dorset for up to 150 years. In 1348 the black death came ashore at Melcombe Regis and spread throughout England, killing a third of the population. Dorset has seen much civil unrest: the first trade union was formed by farm labourers from Tolpuddle in 1834, the Glorious Revolution was instigated in an ice-house at Charborough Park, and the Duke of Monmouth and his rebels landed at Lyme Regis. During the English Civil War (1642–1651) angry yokels fought with Cromwell's forces near Shaftesbury. The naval base at Portland has had a pivotal role in the nation's defence for many years, and with Weymouth and Poole was one of the main embarkation points on D-Day.
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Easingwold
Coordinates: 54°07′11″N 1°11′23″W / 54.1198°N 1.1897°W / 54.1198; -1.1897
Easingwold is a small market town and a civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. It has a population of 4,233. It is located 13 miles (21 km) north of York, at the foot of the Howardian Hills. The name of Easingwold is Anglo Saxon in origin. King John had a hunting lodge there and the royal Forest of Galtres once surrounded the area. The town was bypassed by the A19 in November 1994. Easingwold School is the largest in the surrounding area and has around 1,300 pupils. Easingwold also has a primary school. There are also several pubs in Easingwold and plenty of shops.
Easingwold is served by several buses to nearby villages, towns and the city of York.
The Cabinet Office have their Emergency Planning College at the Hawkhills, Easingwold.
Easingwold has its own secondary school Easingwold School, which is now a specialist Language College and a pupil roll of around 1,300 pupils.
Easingwold Community Primary School is a local authority school with a school roll of around 324 pupils.
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East Sussex
East Sussex ( /ˈsʌsɨks/) is a county in South East England. It is bordered by the counties of Kent, Surrey and West Sussex, and to the south by the English Channel.
East Sussex is part of the historic county of Sussex, which has its roots in the ancient kingdom of the South Saxons, who established themselves there in the 5th century AD, after the departure of the Romans. Archaeological remains are plentiful, especially in the upland areas. The area's position on the coast has also meant that there were many invaders, including the Romans and later the Normans. Earlier industries have included fishing, iron-making, and the wool trade, all of which have declined, or been lost completely.
Sussex is traditionally divided into six sub-divisions known as rapes. From the 12th century the three eastern rapes and the three western rapes each had separate quarter sessions, with the county town of the three eastern rapes being Lewes. This situation was formalised by Parliament in 1865, and the two parts were made into administrative counties, each with distinct elected county councils in 1889 under the Local Government Act 1888. In East Sussex there were also three self-administered county boroughs: Brighton, Eastbourne and Hastings.
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Ebberston
Coordinates: 54°13′48″N 0°37′23″W / 54.229905°N 0.622990°W / 54.229905; -0.622990
Ebberston is a small village near Pickering in the Ryedale district of North Yorkshire, England. In 2009 a 500 lb unexploded bomb was unearthed adjacent to the village. The bomb hailed from a 'Whitley Mark V Bomber', of the No. 102 Squadron RAF, based at RAF Linton-on-Ouse which crash landed on October 27, 1940, with all personnel having bailed out and survived.
The 12th century Church, St Mary the Virgin, is to the west of the village just off the A170.
Media related to Ebberston at Wikimedia Commons
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Eggborough
Coordinates: 53°42′18″N 1°08′44″W / 53.704881°N 1.145592°W / 53.704881; -1.145592
Eggborough is a village and civil parish of 750 homes, in the Selby district of North Yorkshire, England, close to the county borders with South Yorkshire, West Yorkshire and the East Riding. The village is situated at the intersection of the A19 and the A645, approximately seven miles east of Pontefract and seven miles south-west of Selby. It is also located close to the M62. Primary age children attend Whitley and Eggborough Primary School which lies in Learning Lane on the other side of the M62.
There are two pubs in the village; The Jolly Miller and the Horse and Jockey. There is also it's own Sports and leisure Complex, which is based in the Grounds of the Power Station. At the Complex it offers a Nine Hole Golf Course, 2 mini football pitches, 2 full size pitches (new one to be displayed early October), Bowling Green, Kids Park, Miniature Railway, a Licensed Bar, Snooker, Pool, Green Room and a fantastic Concert Hall.
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Egton
Coordinates: 54°26′45″N 0°45′17″W / 54.445800°N 0.754800°W / 54.445800; -0.754800
Egton is a village and civil parish in the Scarborough district of North Yorkshire, England about 5 miles (8.0 km) west of Whitby. There is a nearby village called Egton Bridge which is home to Egton railway station. The village was included in the Survey of English Dialects. Unlike the other sites, a full book was written on the local dialect by Hans Tidholm. Being a very isolated village, its ways of speech were very unusual in Britain.
According to the 2001 UK census, Egton parish had a population of 459.
Egton is home to the Egton Road Race or Gooseberry Run, an annual charity race around the village.
Egton is an important local centre for family history. Prior to 1880, many important BMD records were administered from Egton parish. The church in Egton holds detailed transcriptions of parish records. However, the cemetery is some half a mile West, at the old church site. After 1870 many parishioners were buried at nearby Aislaby.
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Elmet
Elmet was an independent Brythonic kingdom covering a broad area of what later became the West Riding of Yorkshire during the Early Middle Ages, between approximately the 5th century and early 7th century. Although its precise boundaries are unclear, it appears to have been bordered by the River Sheaf in the south and the River Wharfe in the east. It adjoined Deira to the north and Mercia to the south, and its western boundary appears to have been near Craven, which was possibly a minor British kingdom. As such it was well to the east of other territories of the Britons in Wales and the West Country (i.e. Cornwall and Dumnonia), and to the south of those in the Hen Ogledd or Old North. As one of the southeasternmost Brythonic regions for which there is reasonably substantial evidence, it is notable for having survived relatively late in the period of Anglo-Saxon conquest.
Elmet was invaded and conquered by Northumbria in the autumn of 616 or 626. The kingdom is chiefly attested in topographical and archaeological evidence, references in early Welsh poetry, and historical sources such as the Historia Brittonum and Bede. The name survives throughout the area in place names such as Barwick-in-Elmet and Sherburn-in-Elmet. A local parliamentary constituency is also called Elmet.
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England
Englandi/ˈɪŋɡlənd/ is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, while the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separate it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period, but it takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in AD 927, and since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century, has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world. The English language, the Anglican Church, and English law—the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world—developed in England, and the country's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation. England's Royal Society laid the foundations of modern experimental science.
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Esk Valley Line
Coordinates: 54°34′23″N 1°14′17″W / 54.573°N 1.238°W / 54.573; -1.238
The Esk Valley Line is the railway line from Middlesbrough to Whitby in North Yorkshire, England. The route follows the course of the River Esk for much of its eastern half.
It was designated as a community rail line in July 2005, being one of seven intended pilots for the Department for Transport's Community Rail Development Strategy. Part of the line may be upgraded as part of the Tees Valley Metro project.
The line is operated by Northern Rail using Class 142 and Class 156 DMUs. Previously Class 144 DMUs were used frequently. It is one of the most rural railway lines in the United Kingdom and its sole main line link is via Middlesbrough. It also has a connection with the preserved North Yorkshire Moors Railway at Grosmont.
The route serves the following towns and villages.
The Esk Valley Line was once part of a large network covering the area, much of which was destroyed by Dr Beeching's cuts. Today's route is formed from four separate railway lines:
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Essex
Essex ( /ˈɛsɨks/) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in the East of England, and one of the home counties. It is located to the northeast of Greater London. It borders with Cambridgeshire and Suffolk to the north, Hertfordshire to the west, Kent to the South and London to the south west. Essex County Council is the principal local authority for much of the county, sharing functions with twelve district councils. The county town is Chelmsford. The southern Essex boroughs of Thurrock and Southend-on-Sea are governed separately as unitary authorities. It was established in antiquity and formed the eastern portion of the Kingdom of Essex. Sections of the county closer to London are part of the Metropolitan Green Belt, which prohibits development. It is the location of the regionally significant Lakeside Shopping Centre and London Stansted Airport; and the new towns of Basildon and Harlow.
The name Essex originates in the Anglo-Saxon period of the Early Middle Ages and has its root in the Old English Ēastseaxe (i.e. the "East Saxons"), the eastern kingdom of the Saxons. Originally (in 527 AD) it occupied territory to the north of the River Thames, incorporating all of what later became Middlesex and most of what later became Hertfordshire, though its territory was later restricted to lands east of the River Lea.Colchester in the north east of the county is Britain's oldest recorded town, dating back to before the Roman conquest, when it was known as Camulodunum and was sufficiently well-developed to have its own mint. Subsequently the Kingdom of Essex was subsumed into the Kingdom of England and Essex eventually became a county.
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Eston
Coordinates: 54°33′36″N 1°08′38″W / 54.560°N 1.144°W / 54.560; -1.144
Eston is a town within the unitary authority of Redcar and Cleveland, England. It falls inside the Greater Eston initiative. As with the rest of Redcar and Cleveland, it is part of the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire.
Eston is next to Normanby, Grangetown and Teesville, indeed several institutions in Teesville and Normanby have Eston in their name, such as Eston Sports Academy, Eston Cemetery and Eston Park School. It is included in the Redcar and Cleveland redevelopment initiative named Greater Eston.
The land around Eston has been occupied since 2400 BC, but it was the discovery of ironstone in Eston Hills by industrialists from Middlesbrough (most notably Henry Bolckow and John Vaughan) in 1841, that saw Eston develop from two cottages in 1850 to a thriving mining town. Miners' cottages, although altered, can still be seen in parts of Eston. The mining history of Eston was the subject of a film, A Century in Stone, which describes how the mines were responsible for making Teesside the iron and steel capital of the world. The film, by Craig Hornby of Pancrack Films, not only sold out in local cinemas, but also across Australia.
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Filey
Coordinates: 54°12′36″N 0°17′21″W / 54.2101°N 0.2893°W / 54.2101; -0.2893
Filey is a small town and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. It forms part of the borough of Scarborough and is located between Scarborough and Bridlington on the North Sea coast. Although it started out as a fishing village, it has a large beach and is a popular tourist resort. Until 1974 it was an urban district in the East Riding of Yorkshire.
According to the 2001 UK census, Filey parish had a population of 6,819.
Filey is at the eastern end of the Cleveland Way a long-distance footpath; this starts at Helmsley and skirts the North York Moors. It was the second National Trail to be opened (1969). It is also the northern end of the Yorkshire Wolds Way National Trail which starts at Hessle and crosses the Yorkshire Wolds. Filey is the finishing point for Great Yorkshire Bike Ride. The 70-mile (110 km) ride begins at Wetherby Racecourse.
Filey has a railway station on the Yorkshire Coast Line. Previously Filey also had a second station Filey Holiday Camp railway station to the south of the town serving the former Butlins holiday camp. This camp has now been re-developed into a 600-home holiday housing development, The Bay Filey. It is one of the largest coastal developments of this kind in the UK and the first homes began to be handed over to buyers in 2007.
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Folkton
Coordinates: 54°12′08″N 0°23′06″W / 54.202300°N 0.385100°W / 54.202300; -0.385100
Folkton is a small village and civil parish at the foot of the Yorkshire Wolds and on the edge of the Vale of Pickering on an area known as Folkton Carr (carr meaning low lands) in the Scarborough district of North Yorkshire, England.
There is a church dedicated to St John the Evangelist. Folkton House, the former rectory is located on Filey Road. Towards Flixton is the former village school which is now closed, built in 1832.
According to the 2001 UK census, Folkton parish had a population of 461.
To the south are the Wolds and further north, across the Carrs and up the hills at the other side of the Vale is Scarborough, beyond which to the north-west are the Yorkshire Moors.
The area has been settled for many thousands of years. Above the village, at the top of Folkton Hill, was where the ‘Folkton Drums’ were discovered. They are a set of chalk (the predominant stone in the area) carvings from the Stone Age. Bowl-shaped, they have been called drums as the carvings would be upside down were they to be used as bowls. They were buried in a tumulus that sits at the intersection of several natural pathways through the Dales. This tumulus has now been identified as one of a network that acted as a guide through the maze of hills and valleys that make up the Dales which would have been heavily forested at the time. They can now be seen on display at the British Museum.
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Giggleswick
Coordinates: 54°04′26″N 2°17′23″W / 54.0738°N 2.2896°W / 54.0738; -2.2896
Giggleswick is a village and civil parish in the Craven district of North Yorkshire, England near the town of Settle. It is the site of Giggleswick School.
A Dictionary of British Place Names contains the entry:
The town is served by Giggleswick railway station which provides services to Leeds in one direction and Lancaster and Morecambe in the other. The station is served by only five trains per day in each direction and is operated by Northern Rail.
The parish church is named after St Alkelda. The present building dates mostly from the 15th century, but carved stones discovered during the restoration of 1890-2 indicated that a building existed on the site before the Norman Conquest. It is a Grade I listed building.
The late Richard Whiteley of Channel 4's Countdown was a pupil at Giggleswick School. Russell Harty was an English teacher at the school at the same time. The internationally renowned operatic soprano, Sarah Fox, was born in the village and attended Giggleswick School. The Victorian era actor Sir John Hare was born here in 1844.
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Glasshouses
Coordinates: 54°04′35″N 1°43′54″W / 54.0763°N 1.7317°W / 54.0763; -1.7317
Glasshouses is a small village in Nidderdale, North Yorkshire, England. It lies about 1 mile south east of Pateley Bridge on the east side of Nidderdale and has a recently rebuilt river bridge across the river Nidd.
The old twine mill, on the banks of the Nidd, now houses a number of small businesses. There is a public house, The Birch Tree Inn, on the main Harrogate to Pateley Bridge road just outside the village.
May day is celebrated every year with traditional May Pole dancing and the crowning of the 'May Queen' on the village green.
Media related to Glasshouses at Wikimedia Commons
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Gloucestershire
Gloucestershire (i/ˈɡlɒstərʃər/ GLOSS-tər-shər; abbreviated Glos.) is a county in South West England. The county comprises part of the Cotswold Hills, part of the flat fertile valley of the River Severn, and the entire Forest of Dean.
The county town is the city of Gloucester, and other principal towns include Cheltenham, Cirencester, Stroud, and Tewkesbury.
When considered as a ceremonial county, Gloucestershire borders the preserved county of Gwent in Wales (now Monmouthshire), and in England the ceremonial counties of Herefordshire, Worcestershire, Warwickshire, Oxfordshire, Wiltshire and Somerset. Ceremonially, it includes the area covered by the South Gloucestershire unitary authority.
According to a 2002 campaign by the charity Plantlife, the county flower of Gloucestershire is the Wild Daffodil.
Gloucestershire is a historic county mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in the 10th century, though the areas of Winchcombe and the Forest of Dean were not added until the late 11th century. Gloucestershire originally included the then "small town" of Bristol. The "local" rural community moved to the port city, (as Bristol was to become) and Bristol's population growth accelerated during the industrial revolution. Bristol became part of the administrative County of Avon in 1974.
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Goathland
Coordinates: 54°24′01″N 0°43′12″W / 54.40022°N 0.71995°W / 54.40022; -0.71995
Goathland is a village and civil parish in the Scarborough district of North Yorkshire, England. It is in the North York Moors national park situated due north of Pickering, off the A169 to Whitby. It is surrounded by beautiful scenery, and has the advantage of having a station on the steam-operated North Yorkshire Moors Railway line.
According to the 2001 UK census, Goathland parish had a population of 407.
Goathland village sits 500 feet above sea level and has a history extending back to Viking times. In 1109 King Henry I granted land to Osmund the priest and brethren of the hermitage of Goathland (called Godelandia) for the soul of his mother Queen Matilda, who had died in 1083. This is recorded in a charter held at Whitby Abbey. The village was a spa town during the 19th century. It is still a very green area, with many stone footpaths. There are many hotels and guest houses in the village, the largest being the Mallyan Spout Hotel, named after the nearby beautiful waterfall. There is also a caravan site, reached by driving along the track which is the site of the older railway route, 1835 to 1860.
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Grassington
Coordinates: 54°04′16″N 1°59′53″W / 54.071°N 1.998°W / 54.071; -1.998
Grassington is a market town and civil parish in the Craven district of North Yorkshire, England. The town is situated in Wharfedale around 9 miles (14 km) from Bolton Abbey and is surrounded by limestone scenery. Nearby villages include Linton, Threshfield, Hebden, Conistone and Kilnsey.
Although often described by local people as a village, Grassington was granted a Royal Charter for a market and fair in 1282 giving it market town status. The market was held regularly until about 1860. A change in land use from the early 17th century, when lead mining began to assume more importance, brought some prosperity, but Grassington's heyday arrived during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. The opening of the Yorkshire Dales Railway to Threshfield in 1901 brought new visitors, many of whom settled, some finding work in Skipton or in the developing limestone quarries.The Old Hall at Grassington is reputedly the oldest house in Yorkshire, dating from the late thirteenth or early fourteenth century.
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Great Ayton
Coordinates: 54°29′44″N 1°07′45″W / 54.49569°N 1.12919°W / 54.49569; -1.12919
Great Ayton is a village and civil parish in the Hambleton district of North Yorkshire on the edge of the North York Moors in England. It lies 7 miles (11.3 km) south-east from Middlesbrough and 3 miles (4.8 km) north-east from Stokesley. According to the 2001 census, it has a population of 4,570.
The village was the boyhood home of Captain Cook, the British explorer and navigator.
The name Great Ayton is thought[by whom?] to derive from Ea-tun, tun meaning farm and 'ea' meaning river. In the 18th and 19th centuries it was a centre for the industries of weaving, tanning, brewing and tile making. It was home to the Great Ayton Friends' School (Quaker) from 1841 until its closure in 1997.[citation needed]
The village is served by Great Ayton railway station on the Esk Valley Line.
Great Ayton is situated at the foot of the Cleveland Hills beneath Easby Moor and the distinctively-shaped Roseberry Topping. The River Leven, a tributary of the River Tees, flows through the village and links its two centres, High Green and Low Green.
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Greater London
Greater London is the top-level administrative division of England covering London. It was created in 1965 and spans the City of London and the 32 London boroughs. This territory has the same boundaries as the London Government Office Region and the London European Parliament constituency. The region has by far the highest GVA per capita in the United Kingdom. It covers 1,572 km2 (607 sq mi) and had a 2009 mid-year estimated population of 7,753,600. The term Greater London was in use before 1965 to refer to a variously defined area, larger than the County of London and often similar to the Metropolitan Police District.
In addition to its administrative and statistical functions, Greater London (excluding the City of London) is one of the 48 ceremonial counties of England, and is under the Greater London Lieutenancy.
Instead of forming a single political unit, London is divided into the small, interior City of London and the much wider Greater London. This arrangement has come about because as the area of London grew and absorbed neighbouring settlements, a series of administrative reforms did not fully amalgamate the City of London with the metropolitan area, and its unique political structure was retained. Outside the limited boundaries of the old city, a variety of arrangements governed the wider area since 1855, culminating with the creation of the Greater London administrative area in 1965.
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Greater Manchester
Greater Manchester is a metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 2.6 million. It encompasses one of the largest metropolitan areas in the United Kingdom and comprises ten metropolitan boroughs: Bolton, Bury, Oldham, Rochdale, Stockport, Tameside, Trafford, Wigan, and the cities of Manchester and Salford. Greater Manchester was created on 1 April 1974 as a result of the Local Government Act 1972.
Greater Manchester spans 493 square miles (1,277 km2). It is landlocked and borders Cheshire (to the south-west and south), Derbyshire (to the south-east), West Yorkshire (to the north-east), Lancashire (to the north) and Merseyside (to the west). There is a mix of high-density urban areas, suburbs, semi-rural and rural locations in Greater Manchester, but overwhelmingly the land use is urban. It has a focused central business district, formed by Manchester city centre and the adjoining parts of Salford and Trafford, but Greater Manchester is also a polycentric county with ten metropolitan districts, each of which has at least one major town centre and outlying suburbs. The Greater Manchester Urban Area is the third most populous conurbation in the UK, and spans across most of the county's territory.
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Guisborough
Coordinates: 54°32′06″N 1°03′23″W / 54.5350°N 1.0563°W / 54.5350; -1.0563
Guisboroughi/ˈɡɪzbrə/ is a market town and civil parish within the unitary authority of Redcar and Cleveland and the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England.
The civil parish of Guisborough has a population of 18,108 and includes the outlying villages of Upleatham, Dunsdale, and Newton under Roseberry as well as Guisborough itself.
For the last couple of centuries, Guisborough was part of the North Riding of Yorkshire, from 1974 to 1996 part of the County of Cleveland and, at present, one of the major towns of the unitary authority of Redcar and Cleveland. Gighesbore is listed in the Domesday Book and the ruined Gisborough Priory dates back to the 12th century. The priory and Gisborough Hall (16th century, demolished and rebuilt) are spelt without the first U. Some other old sites and names use that same spelling.
Some theories date the town back to the Roman occupation of Britain, where it may have been a military fortification. There are a few Roman artifacts from the area that support this, such as an elaborate ceremonial helmet, the Guisborough Helmet, but the theory remains unproven[citation needed].
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Hambleton
Coordinates: 54°20′02″N 1°25′44″W / 54.334°N 1.429°W / 54.334; -1.429
Hambleton is a local government district of North Yorkshire, England. The main town and administrative centre is Northallerton, and includes the market towns and major villages of Bedale, Thirsk, Great Ayton, Stokesley and Easingwold.
The district was formed by the Local Government Act 1972 on 1 April 1974, as a merger of the urban district of Northallerton with Bedale Rural District, Easingwold Rural District, Northallerton Rural District, and part of Thirsk Rural District and Croft Rural District, all in the North Riding of Yorkshire.
The district is named after the Hambleton Hills, part of the North York Moors National Park, on the eastern edge of the district. This area is the subject of a national habitat protection scheme as articulated in the United Kingdom's Biodiversity Action Plan.
Hambleton covers an area of 1,311.17 km² most of which, 1,254.90 km², is green space. The district is named after the Hambleton Hills, part of the North York Moors National Park, on the eastern edge of the district. This area is the subject of a national habitat protection scheme as articulated in the United Kingdom's Biodiversity Action Plan.
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Hampshire
Hampshire (i/ˈhæmpʃɪər/ or /ˈhæmpʃər/; abbreviated Hants) is a county on the southern coast of England in the United Kingdom. The county town of Hampshire is Winchester, the former capital city of England. Hampshire is the most populous ceremonial county in the United Kingdom and if excluding newly formed metropolitan counties such as the West Midlands, Hampshire would be the most populous county in the whole of the United Kingdom. Hampshire is notable for housing the birthplaces of the Royal Navy, British Army, and Royal Air Force. The ceremonial county borders Dorset to the west, Wiltshire to the north-west, Berkshire to the north, Surrey to the north-east, and West Sussex to the east. The southern boundary is the coastline of the English Channel and The Solent.
Hampshire is the largest county in South East England and the third largest shire county in the United Kingdom despite losing more land than any other English county during the Local Government Act 1972 boundary changes. At its greatest size in 1889, Hampshire was the fifth largest county in England. It now has an overall area of 3,700 square kilometres (1,400 sq mi), and measures approximately 86 kilometres (53 mi) east–west and 76 kilometres (47 mi) north–south.
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Harrogate
Coordinates: 53°59′28″N 1°32′20″W / 53.991°N 1.539°W / 53.991; -1.539
Harrogate is a spa town in North Yorkshire, England. The town is a tourist destination and its visitor attractions include its spa waters, RHS Harlow Carr gardens, and Bettys Tea Rooms. From the town one can explore the nearby Yorkshire Dales national park. Historically in the West Riding of Yorkshire, Harrogate grew out of two existing smaller settlements, High Harrogate and Low Harrogate, in the 17th century.
Harrogate spa water contains iron, sulphur and common salt. The town became known as 'The English Spa' in the Georgian Era, after its waters were first discovered in the 16th century. In the 17th and 18th centuries especially, these 'chalybeate' waters (i.e. containing iron) were a popular health treatment, and the influx of wealthy but sickly visitors contributed significantly to the wealth of the town.
Harrogate railway station and Harrogate bus station in the town centre provide transport connections. Leeds Bradford International Airport is 10 miles (16 km) south west of Harrogate. The main road through the town is the A61, connecting Harrogate to Leeds and Ripon. Harrogate is also connected to Wetherby and the A1, by the A661. The town of Harrogate on its own had a population of 71,594 at the 2001 UK census; the urban area comprising Harrogate and nearby Knaresborough had a population of 85,128, while the figure for the much wider Borough of Harrogate, comprising Harrogate, Knaresborough, Ripon and a large rural area, was 151,339.
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Hawes
Coordinates: 54°18′14″N 2°12′08″W / 54.3039°N 2.2021°W / 54.3039; -2.2021
Hawes is a small market town and civil parish in the Richmondshire district of North Yorkshire, England, being granted its market charter in 1699. Historically within the North Riding of Yorkshire, Hawes is located at the head of Wensleydale in the Yorkshire Dales, the River Ure runs through the town and the dale which is one of the honeypot tourist attractions of the Yorkshire Dales National Park. The parish of Hawes also includes the neighbouring hamlet of Gayle. The hill of Great Shunner Fell stands over the town. The town is famous as being the home of Wensleydale cheese.
Local tourist attractions include the Dales Countryside Museum, based in the old Hawes railway station of the Wensleydale Railway; nearby Hardraw Force waterfall; and the Buttertubs Pass, which links Wensleydale to Swaledale. Further down the dale is Aysgarth Falls. Hawes itself has a regular market, as well as many shops, pubs and tearooms. The Hawes Promotion/Relegation party for fans of Sunderland AFC takes place there every summer. It is well attended and organised, and grows year upon year.
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Haxby
Coordinates: 54°00′58″N 1°04′30″W / 54.016°N 1.075°W / 54.016; -1.075
Haxby is a town and civil parish in the unitary authority of City of York, on the River Foss, five miles (8 km) north of York and south of Strensall, in North Yorkshire, England. Haxby is bordered on the east by the River Foss, and to the west by the village of Wigginton, whose expansion has caused the two settlements to form a continuous urban environment. To the south is the garden village of New Earswick and the York Outer Ring Road (A1237) with the open farmland to the north as far as the villages of Sutton-on-the-Forest and Strensall.
According to the 2001 census the parish had a population of 8,754. Before 1996 it was part of the Ryedale district. The centre of the town was made a Conservation Area by the local authority in 1976.
"Haxby" is a Norse place-name and translates as "Farmstead or village of a man called Hákr". It is formed from a Norse personal name and the Old Scandinavian word bý, meaning "farmstead, village or settlement". Haxby was recorded as Haxebi in the Domesday Book of 1086. The town is primarily a dormitory for commuters to nearby towns and cities, though local service industries provide employment opportunities proportionate to the size of its population.
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Helmsley
Coordinates: 54°14′48″N 1°03′16″W / 54.246572°N 1.054344°W / 54.246572; -1.054344
Helmsley is a market town and civil parish in the Ryedale district of North Yorkshire, England. The town is located at the point where the valleys of Bilsdale and Ryedale leave the higher moorland and join the flat Vale of Pickering. It is situated on the River Rye and lies on the A170 road, 14 miles (23 km) east of Thirsk, 13 miles (21 km) west of Pickering and some 24 miles (39 km) due north of York. The settlement grew up largely as a result of its position at a road junction and river crossing point. Helmsley is a compact town, retaining its medieval layout around the Market Place with more recent development having taken place to the north and south of its main thoroughfare, Bondgate. It is an historic town of considerable architectural character whose centre has been designated as a Conservation Area. The town is associated with the Earls of Feversham whose ancestral home Duncombe Park was built overlooking the castle. A statue of William Duncombe, 2nd Baron Feversham stands in the town's square. The town is a popular tourist centre and has won Gold medals in the Large Village category of Yorkshire in Bloom for the last three years. The town square is a popular meeting place for motorcyclists as it is at the end of the B1257 road from Stokesley, which is a favourite with local bikers.
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Herefordshire
Herefordshire ( /ˈhɛrɨfərdʃər/; abbreviated Herefs.) is a historic and ceremonial county in the West Midlands region of England. For Eurostat purposes it is a NUTS 3 region (code UKG11) and is one of three counties that comprise the "Herefordshire, Worcestershire and Gloucestershire" NUTS 2 region. It also forms a unitary district known as the County of Herefordshire. It borders the English ceremonial counties of Shropshire to the north, Worcestershire to the east, Gloucestershire to the south-east, and the Welsh preserved counties of Gwent to the south-west and Powys to the west. Hereford is a cathedral city and is the county town; with a population of approximately 55,800 inhabitants it is also the largest settlement.
The county is one of the most rural and sparsely populated in England, with a population density of 82/km² (212/sq mi). The land use is predominantly agricultural and the county is well known for its fruit and cider production, and the Hereford cattle breed.
From 1974 to 1998, Herefordshire was part of the former non-metropolitan county of Hereford and Worcester.
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Hertfordshire
Hertfordshire (i/ˈhɑrtfərdʃɪər/ or /ˈhɑrfərdʃər/; abbreviated Herts) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in the East region of England. The county town is Hertford.
Hertfordshire is one of the home counties and lies inland, bordered by Greater London (to the south), Buckinghamshire (to the west), Bedfordshire (including the unitary authorities of Luton and Central Bedfordshire to the north), Cambridgeshire (to the north east) and Essex (to the east).
Hertfordshire was originally the area assigned to a fortress constructed at Hertford under the rule of Edward the Elder in 913. The name Hertford is derived from the Anglo-Saxon heort ford, meaning deer crossing (of a watercourse). The name Hertfordshire first appears in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in 1011. Deer feature prominently in many county emblems.
There is evidence of human beings living in Hertfordshire since the Middle Stone Age. It was first farmed during the Neolithic period and permanent habitation appeared at the beginning of the Bronze Age. This was followed by tribes settling in the area during the Iron Age.
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Howardian Hills
The Howardian Hills form an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty in North Yorkshire, England. located between the Yorkshire Wolds, the North York Moors National Park and the Vale of York. The AONB includes farmland, wooded rolling countryside, villages and historic houses with parkland. The hills take their name from the noble Howard family who owned large areas of the hills.
The Howardian Hills form a roughly rectangular area of well-wooded undulating countryside rising between the flat agricultural Vales of Pickering and York.The irregular 180 metres (591 ft) ridges of the Howardian Hills are a southern extension of the rocks of the Hambleton Hills in the North York Moors. Jurassic limestone gives the landscape its character. The area contains a rich tapestry of wooded hills and valleys, pastures and rolling farmland, as well as extensive views from the higher ground across the agricultural plains below. On the eastern edge, the River Derwent cuts through the Hills in the Kirkham Gorge, a deep winding valley which was formed as an overflow channel from glacial Lake Pickering.
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Hunmanby
Coordinates: 54°10′54″N 0°19′03″W / 54.181786°N 0.317532°W / 54.181786; -0.317532
Hunmanby is a large village (claimed to have been the largest in Great Britain), which was classified as a town until the 1960s, and civil parish in the Scarborough district of North Yorkshire, England. It is situated on the edge of the Yorkshire Wolds, approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) south-west of Filey and is on the route of the Centenary Way.
According to the 2001 UK census, Hunmanby parish had a population of 3,279.
It is served by Hunmanby railway station on the Yorkshire Coast Line that runs between Hull and Scarborough.
The village's name of Hunmanby originated with the Danes, appearing in the Domesday Book as 'Hundemanbi' meaning 'farmstead of the hounds men', relating to the hunting down of wolves on the Yorkshire Wolds.
Evidence exists showing that Hunmanby was occupied by much earlier people than the Danes. A landslip occurred in 1907 revealing a British chariot burial site from the 1st or 2nd century BC, in which a chariot was buried horse and all. A tumulus on a local farm was opened up to reveal an ancient burial site containing 15 skeletons. Roman pottery and flint axe and arrowheads are frequently found in and around Hunmanby.
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Ingleby Barwick
Coordinates: 54°31′08″N 1°18′40″W / 54.519°N 1.311°W / 54.519; -1.311
Ingleby Barwick ( /ˈbɑrɪk/) is a large private residential estate and civil parish built on what was the southern perimeter of Thornaby airfield in the borough of Stockton-on-Tees and ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. The estate is enclosed by water to the west, north and east. It was officially opened in 1981 by the mayor of Langbaurgh.
Although the development of Ingleby Barwick, as the housing estate which is present today, did not start until the late 1970s, the land has been occupied for thousands of years. Ingleby Barwick has a ceremonial Coat of Arms. The arms contain a representation of the three rivers that run around Ingleby Barwick. It also depicts mill-rinds which are an historical link to the Turner family, who used to own the land which now forms Ingleby Barwick. The crest shows a Teal bird which refers to Teal a horse, trained at Middleham by Captain Neville Crump, which won the Grand National in 1952.
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Isle of Wight
The Isle of Wight is a county and the largest island of England, located in the English Channel, on average about 2–5 miles (3–7 km) off the south coast of the county of Hampshire, separated from the mainland by a strait called the Solent. The Island has many resorts which have been holiday destinations since Victorian times.
The Island has a rich history, including a brief status as an independent kingdom in the 15th century. Until 1995, like Jersey and Guernsey, the Island had its own Governor—most notably Lord Mountbatten from 1969 to 1974, after which he became Lord Lieutenant until his assassination in 1979.
It was home to the poets Swinburne and Alfred Lord Tennyson, and to Queen Victoria, who built her much-loved summer residence and final home Osborne House at East Cowes. The Island's maritime and industrial history encompasses boat building, sail making, the manufacture of flying boats, the world's first hovercraft and the testing and development of Britain's space rockets. It is home to the Isle of Wight International Jazz Festival, Bestival and the recently revived Isle of Wight Festival, which, in 1970, was the largest rock music event ever held. The Island has some exceptional wildlife and is one of the richest locations of dinosaur fossils in Europe.
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Kent
Kent /ˈkɛnt/ is a county in South East England, and one of the home counties. It borders East Sussex, Surrey and Greater London and has a defined boundary with Essex in the middle of the Thames Estuary. The ceremonial county boundaries of Kent include the shire county of Kent and the unitary borough of Medway. Kent has a nominal border with France halfway through the Channel Tunnel. Maidstone is its county town and historically Rochester and Canterbury have been accorded city status, though only the latter still holds it.
Kent's location between London and the continental Europe has led to its being in the front line of several conflicts, including the Battle of Britain during World War II. East Kent was known as Hell Fire Corner during the conflict. England has relied on the county's ports to provide warships through much of the past 800 years; the Cinque Ports in the 12th–14th centuries and Chatham Dockyard in the 16th–20th centuries were of particular importance to the country's security. France can be seen clearly in fine weather from Folkestone, and the iconic White Cliffs of Dover.
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Kettlewell
Coordinates: 54°08′49″N 2°02′49″W / 54.147°N 2.047°W / 54.147; -2.047
Kettlewell is a village in Upper Wharfedale, North Yorkshire, England. It lies between the villages of Grassington, Kilnsey and Conistone to the south, Starbotton to the north west, the hamlet of Horsehouse to the north east, and later on Coverdale. Kettlewell nestles at the feet of Great Whernside, and Buckden Pike, where Park Gill Beck joins the River Wharfe, and set to the east of the Wharfe. Both river and beck are joined by attractive stone bridges there.
It is believed that the name Kettlewell is Anglo Saxon and comes from Chetelewelle which means a bubbling spring or stream. Signs of their farming methods can still be seen in terraced fields to the south of the village.
In the 13th century a market was established in Kettlewell, which became a thriving community. Textiles (and, in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, lead mining) revitalised the village and Kettlewell's appearance today derives much from its past 200 years. The remains of the smelting-mill, used from 1700 to 1880, can be seen near the meeting of the rivers Cam and Dowber Becks half a mile above the village.
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Killinghall
Killinghall is a village and civil parish in the Harrogate district of North Yorkshire, England.
It is located three miles north of Harrogate, extending south from the bridges on the A61 over the River Nidd. The undeveloped area between Killinghall and Harrogate is known as Killinghall Moor. The village of Ripley lies a mile to the north and Hampsthwaite two miles to the west. Killinghall is located on the A61 making it convenient for travel to Harrogate or Ripon. A regular bus service between Ripon, Harrogate and Leeds stops in Killinghall.
It is primarily a commuter village, although there are a few farms, two public houses (The Greyhound and the Three Horseshoes), a day nursery for children, a fish & chip shop, doctor's office and a large garden centre with nursery.
The village is well represented locally by successful football and cricket teams.
There is also a Killinghall in Bradford.
Coordinates: 54°01′22″N 1°33′50″W / 54.02278°N 1.56389°W / 54.02278; -1.56389
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Kilnsey
Coordinates: 54°06′23″N 2°02′30″W / 54.106390°N 2.041780°W / 54.106390; -2.041780
Kilnsey is a small village in Wharfedale, North Yorkshire, England. It lies on the B6160 road, between the villages of Grassington and Kettlewell, near Arncliffe and just across the River Wharfe from Conistone.
The most notable feature of Kilnsey is a large limestone cliff called Kilnsey Crag, overlooking the road and the River Wharfe from the west. The Crag is around 170 feet high, with an overhang of 40 feet. West from Kilnsey towards Malham Tarn runs the historic Mastiles Lane, a Roman marching road, later an important drovers' way for Fountains Abbey flocks to summer pasture on higher ground, approximately five miles distant. This is now a Dales walking track. The Old Hall in Kilnsey was medieval administrative site for wool trade. Most of the present building, well restored, dates from 1658.
Kilnsey has one pub, the Tennant Arms, a trout farm, and a small collection of houses.
The village hosts a large, annual agricultural show.
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Kingston upon Hull
Kingston upon Hull (i/ˌkɪŋstən əpɒn ˈhʌl/ KING-stən ə-pon HUL), usually referred to as Hull, is a city and unitary authority area in the ceremonial county of the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It stands on the River Hull at its junction with the Humber estuary, 25 miles (40 km) inland from the North Sea. Hull has a resident population of 263,900 (2010 est.). The Larger Urban Zone (LUZ) population stands at 573,300.
Renamed Kings town upon Hull by King Edward I in 1299, the town and city of Hull has served as market town, military supply port, a trading hub, fishing and whaling centre, and industrial metropolis.
Hull was an early theatre of battle in the English Civil Wars. Its 18th-century Member of Parliament, William Wilberforce, played a key role in the abolition of the slave trade in Britain.
The city is unique in the UK in having had a municipally-owned telephone system from 1902, sporting cream, not red, telephone boxes.
After suffering heavy damage during the Second World War, Hull weathered a period of post-industrial decline, during which the city gained unfavourable results on measures of social deprivation, education and policing. In recent years the city has embarked on an extensive programme of economic regeneration, reconstruction and urban renewal. The economic crisis since 2008 has caused some setbacks to these developments.
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Kirkbymoorside
Coordinates: 54°16′08″N 0°55′48″W / 54.269°N 0.930°W / 54.269; -0.930
Kirkbymoorside is a small market town and civil parish in the Ryedale district of North Yorkshire, England, which lies approximately 25 miles (40.2 km) north of York midway between Pickering and Helmsley, and has a population of approximately 3,000.[citation needed]
Kirkbymoorside is noted as "Chirchebi" in Domesday Book (1086). It has served as a trading hub at least since 1254, when it became a market town. There are two ancient coaching inns extant, the Black Swan with its carved porch, and the cruck-framed George and Dragon, which originated in the 13th century. The Georgian façades point to later periods of commercial prosperity on the coaching route between York and Scarborough.
Some Ancient British, Viking and Anglo-Saxon remains have been found in the vicinity. The Norman baron Robert de Stuteville built a wooden moated castle on Vivers Hill. The estate passed to the Wake family in the 13th century, who brought prosperity to the town. However, it was badly hit by the Black Death of the mid-14th century, after which the wooden castle lay in ruins. Prosperity returned after 1408, when the Neville family took over, although little remains of the fortified manor they built to the north of the town. The Nevilles remained Catholic and took part in the Rising of the North of 1569. By 1660 there was a grammar school. (The building is now part of the library.) The great Toll Booth in the middle of the town was built about 1730 with stone taken from the Nevilles' manor. The old Market Hall was gutted by fire but rebuilt in 1872. By 1881 the population of the town was 2,337.
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Kirklees
Coordinates: 53°35′35″N 1°48′04″W / 53.593°N 1.801°W / 53.593; -1.801
The Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees is a metropolitan borough of West Yorkshire, England. It has a population of 401,000 and includes the settlements of Batley, Birstall, Cleckheaton, Denby Dale, Dewsbury, Heckmondwike, Holmfirth, Huddersfield, Kirkburton, Marsden, Meltham, Mirfield and Slaithwaite. Huddersfield is the largest settlement of the district, and its centre of administration.
The borough was formed under the Local Government Act 1972 on 1 April 1974, by a merger of the county boroughs of Dewsbury and Huddersfield along with the municipal boroughs of Batley and Spenborough and the urban districts of Colne Valley, Denby Dale, Heckmondwike, Holmfirth, Kirkburton, Meltham and Mirfield.
The name "Kirklees" was chosen by the merging councils from more than fifty suggestions, including "Upper Agbrigg", "Brigantia" and "Wooldale". It was named after Kirklees Priory, legendary burial place of Robin Hood. The site of the priory is now Kirklees Park Estate, situated mid way between Huddersfield and Dewsbury and the location of Kirklees Hall.
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Knaresborough
Coordinates: 54°00′30″N 1°28′01″W / 54.0084°N 1.467°W / 54.0084; -1.467
Knaresborough is an old and historic market town, spa town and civil parish in the Borough of Harrogate, North Yorkshire, England, located on the River Nidd, four miles east of the centre of Harrogate.
Knaresborough is mentioned in the Domesday Book as Chednaresburg or Chenaresburg. Knaresborough Castle dates from Norman times; around 1100, the town began to grow and provide a market and attract traders to service the castle. The present parish church, St John's, was established around this time. The earliest name for a Lord of Knaresborough is from around 1115 when Serlo de Burgh held the 'Honour of Knaresborough' from the King.
Hugh de Morville was granted the Honour of Knaresborough in 1158. He was constable of Knaresborough and leader of the group of four knights who murdered Archbishop Thomas Beckett at Canterbury Cathedral on 29 December 1170. The four knights fled to Knaresborough and hid at the castle. Hugh de Morville forfeited the lands in 1173, not for his implication in the murder of Thomas Becket, but for "complicity in the rebellion of young Henry", according to the Early Yorkshire Charters.
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Lancashire
Lancashire ( /ˈlæŋkəʃər/ or, less commonly, /ˈlæŋkəʃɪər/) is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England. It takes its name from the city of Lancaster, and is sometimes known as the County of Lancaster. Although Lancaster is still considered to be the county town, Lancashire County Council is based in Preston. Lancashire is sometimes referred to by the abbreviation Lancs, as originally used by the Royal Mail. The population of the county is 1,449,700. People from the county are known as Lancastrians.
The history of Lancashire is thought to have begun with its founding in the 12th century. In the Domesday Book (1086), some of its lands had been treated as part of Yorkshire. The land that lay Inter Ripam et Mersam, "between the Ribble and Mersey", formed part of the returns for Cheshire. Once its initial boundaries were established, it bordered Cumberland, Westmorland, Yorkshire and Cheshire.
Lancashire emerged during the Industrial Revolution as a major commercial and industrial region. The county encompassed several hundred mill towns and collieries. By the 1830s, approximately 85% of all cotton manufactured worldwide was processed in Lancashire.Preston, Accrington, Blackburn, Bolton, Rochdale, Oldham, Chorley, Darwen, Nelson, Colne and Burnley were major cotton mill towns during this time. Blackpool was a major centre for tourism for the inhabitants of Lancashire's mill towns, particularly during wakes week.
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Leicestershire
Leicestershire (i/ˈlɛstəʃɪər/ or /ˈlɛstərʃər/ or /ˈlɛstəʃə/; abbreviation Leics.) is a landlocked county in the English Midlands. It takes its name from the heavily populated City of Leicester, traditionally its administrative centre, although the City of Leicester unitary authority is today administered separately from the rest of Leicestershire. The county borders Derbyshire to the north-west, Nottinghamshire to the north, Rutland to the east, Warwickshire to the south-west, Staffordshire to the west, Lincolnshire to the north-east, and Northamptonshire to the south-east. The border with Warwickshire is Watling Street (the A5).
County Hall, situated in Glenfield, about 3 miles (5 km) north-west of Leicester city centre, is the seat of Leicestershire County Council and the headquarters of the county authority. The City of Leicester is administered from offices in Leicester itself and the City Council meets at Leicester Town Hall.
The River Soar rises to the east of Hinckley, in the far south of the county, and flows northward through Leicester before emptying into the River Trent at the point where Derbyshire, Leicestershire, and Nottinghamshire meet. A large part of the north-west of the county, around Coalville, forms part of the new National Forest area extending into Derbyshire and Staffordshire. The highest point of the county is Bardon Hill at 278 metres (912 ft), which is also a Marilyn.
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Leyburn
Coordinates: 54°18′32″N 1°49′44″W / 54.309°N 1.829°W / 54.309; -1.829
Leyburn is a busy market town and civil parish in the district of Richmondshire, North Yorkshire, England sitting above the northern bank of the River Ure in Wensleydale. Historically within the North Riding of Yorkshire, the name was derived from 'Ley' or 'Le' (clearing), and 'burn' (stream), meaning clearing by the stream. The town boasts two markets, several pubs, two banks with cash machines, and many small specialty stores. Market day is Friday. It is served by local buses that connect to Richmond, Hawes and Bedale. The local Rotary Club sponsors the annual Wensleydale Wander in March or April. The Wander is an organised walk with two options; a shorter walk of 12 miles (19 km) and a longer walk of 22 miles (35 km).
Leyburn had a population of 1,844 at the 2001 census, but this swells in summer due to its picturesque position in proximity to the Yorkshire Dales national park. It contains a range of public services, with two primary schools and a secondary school which serves the whole of Wensleydale, a police station and a medical centre. A wide range of independently owned shops are situated around a market square with a number of pubs and bars to entertain tourists and locals. It is home to Tennant's auction house, a small department store called Milner's and others, including: Campbell's supermarket, a chocolate shop, a range of oriental takeaways, electrical stores, a hunting and sports shop and also an art shop.
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Lincolnshire
Coordinates: 53°4′N 0°11′W / 53.067°N 0.183°W / 53.067; -0.183
Lincolnshire ( /ˈlɪŋkənʃə/ or /ˈlɪŋkənʃɪə/; abbreviated Lincs) is a county in the east of England. It borders Norfolk to the south east, Cambridgeshire to the south, Rutland to the south west, Leicestershire and Nottinghamshire to the west, South Yorkshire to the northwest, and the East Riding of Yorkshire to the north. It also borders Northamptonshire in the south for just 20 yards (18 m), England's shortest county boundary. The county town is Lincoln, where the county council has its headquarters.
The ceremonial county of Lincolnshire is composed of the non-metropolitan county of Lincolnshire and the area covered by the unitary authorities of North Lincolnshire and North-East Lincolnshire. Therefore, part of the ceremonial county is in the Yorkshire and the Humber region, and part is in the East Midlands region. The county is the second largest of the English counties and one that is predominantly agricultural in land use. The county can be broken down into a number of geographical sub-regions including: the Lincolnshire Fens (south Lincolnshire), the Carrs (similar to the Fens but in north Lincolnshire), the Lincolnshire Wolds, and the industrial Humber Estuary and North Sea coast around Grimsby and Scunthorpe.
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M62 motorway
The M62 motorway is a west–east trans-Pennine motorway in Northern England, connecting Liverpool and Hull via Manchester and Leeds. The road also forms part of the unsigned Euroroutes E20 (Shannon to Saint Petersburg) and E22 (Holyhead to Ishim). The road is 107 miles (172 km) long; for 7 miles (11 km), it shares its route with the M60 motorway around Manchester. The motorway, which was first proposed in the 1930s, and originally conceived as two separate routes, was built in stages between 1971 and 1976, with construction beginning at Pole Moor and finishing in Tarbock on the outskirts of Liverpool. The motorway also absorbed the northern end of the Stretford-Eccles bypass, which was built between 1957 and 1960. Adjusted for inflation to 2007, the motorway cost approximately £765 million to build. The motorway is relatively busy, with an average daily traffic flow of 100,000 cars in Yorkshire, and has several areas prone to gridlock, in particular, between Leeds and Huddersfield in West Yorkshire.
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Malham
Coordinates: 54°03′40″N 2°09′11″W / 54.061°N 2.153°W / 54.061; -2.153
Malham is a village and civil parish in the Craven district of North Yorkshire, England. The name means "hollows", most probably referring to the basin of the cove. Situated in the Yorkshire Dales with a population of approximately 150. The surrounding countryside is well known for its limestone pavements and other examples of limestone scenery. The most obvious tourist attractions are Malham Tarn, Malham Cove, and the Dry valley. The village hosts an annual agricultural and horticultural show on the Saturday before the August Bank Holiday. This is known as the Malham Show and now has competitions for everything from Lego models to fell running. Another major annual event is the Malham Safari, where the villagers and particularly the local school build sculptures around the village. This event attracts many tourists and stalls are put up on the green.
Malham is a popular walkers' destination. The rise in tourism over Malham's history has led to some deterioration of the area's surrounding paths as tourists wander off the paths and cause pockets of erosion, a process often called "footpath erosion". The footpaths in the area are maintained by the Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority.
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Malham Cove
Coordinates: 54°04′15″N 2°09′31″W / 54.070833°N 2.158611°W / 54.070833; -2.158611
Malham Cove is a natural limestone formation 1 km north of the village of Malham, North Yorkshire, England. A well-known beauty spot, it is a large, curved limestone cliff at the head of a valley, with a fine area of limestone pavement at the top.
Describing the cove in 1779, Adam Walker said, "This beautiful rock is like the age-tinted wall of a prodigious castle; the stone is very white, and from the ledges hang various shrubs and vegetables, which with the tints given it by the bog water. & c. gives it a variety that I never before saw so pleasing in a plain rock."[citation needed]
On the west side of the 80 metre (260 foot) high cliff face are about 400 irregular stone steps: these form part of the route of the Pennine Way and lead to an uneven limestone pavement at the top.
Originally, a large waterfall flowed over the cove as a glacier melted above it. The remnant of a stream which once fell over the cliff now flows out of the lake of Malham Tarn, on the moors 2 km north of the cove. That stream now disappears underground at the aptly named 'Water Sinks', 1.5 kilometres (one mile) before its valley reaches the top of the cove. A stream of a similar size (Malham Beck) emerges from a cave at the bottom of the cove. It used to be assumed that the two streams were one and the same. However, experiments with dyes have now shown that two separate streams go underground at different locations, cross paths without mixing behind the cliff, and re-emerge a couple of kilometres apart. This shows the complexity of the system of caves behind the cliff, which is thought to be around 50,000 years old. Divers have so far explored over 1.6 km of cave passage entered from the base of the cove.
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Masham
Coordinates: 54°13′22″N 1°39′15″W / 54.2227°N 1.6541°W / 54.2227; -1.6541
Masham ( /ˈmæsəm/ MASS-əm) is a small market town and civil parish in the Harrogate district of North Yorkshire, England. It has a population of 1,235. Situated in Wensleydale on the western bank of the River Ure, the name derives from the Anglo-Saxon "Mæssa's Ham", the homestead belonging to Mæssa. The Romans had a presence here, but the first permanent settlers were the Angles. Around 900 AD the Vikings invaded the region, burning and laying waste to the church and causing great suffering in Masham. They also introduced sheep farming, something for which the town is well known today.
The nearest railway stations are Thirsk and Northallerton. Both are on the TransPennine Express line; Northallerton is also on the East Coast Main Line.
Masham was historically a large parish in the North Riding of Yorkshire. As well as the town of Masham the parish included the townships of Burton-on-Yore, Ellingstring, Ellington High and Low, Fearby, Healey with Sutton, Ilton cum Pott and Swinton. In 1866 the townships became separate civil parishes. Masham Moor was an area of moorland to the west of the parish bordering the West Riding, common to the parishes of Masham and East Witton. It was divided between the parishes of Healey, Ilton cum Pott and Colsterdale in 1934.
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Merseyside
Merseyside ( /ˈmɜrzisaɪd/) is a metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 1,365,900. It encompasses the metropolitan area centred on both banks of the lower reaches of the Mersey Estuary, and comprises five metropolitan boroughs: Knowsley, St Helens, Sefton, Wirral, and the city of Liverpool. Merseyside, which was created on 1 April 1974 as a result of the Local Government Act 1972, takes its name from the River Mersey.
Merseyside spans 249 square miles (645 km2) of land which border Lancashire (to the north-east), Greater Manchester (to the east), and Cheshire (to the south and south-west); the Irish Sea is to the west. North Wales is across the Dee Estuary. There is a mix of high density urban areas, suburbs, semi-rural and rural locations in Merseyside, but overwhelmingly the land use is urban. It has a focused central business district, formed by Liverpool City Centre, but Merseyside is also a polycentric county with five metropolitan districts, each of which has at least one major town centre and outlying suburbs. The Liverpool Urban Area is the seventh most populous conurbation in the UK, and dominates the geographic centre of the county, while the smaller Birkenhead Urban Area dominates the Wirral Peninsula in the south.
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Middleham
Coordinates: 54°17′09″N 1°48′31″W / 54.2859°N 1.8087°W / 54.2859; -1.8087
Middleham is a small market town and civil parish in the Richmondshire district of North Yorkshire, England. It lies in Wensleydale, in the Yorkshire Dales, on the north-facing side of the valley just above the junction of the River Ure and River Cover. There has been a settlement there since Roman Britain. It was recorded in the Domesday book as "Medelai".
Middleham is twinned with the northern French town of Azincourt.
The first known settlement at Middleham was during the Roman Era. The IXth Legion of the Roman Army conquered York in 69 AD and moved north quickly. A branch road of the Great North Road passed through Middleham to Bainbridge. Near Middleham, the Romans built a guard station to control traffic on the River Ure.
Before the Norman Conquest the lands in this area were controlled by Gilpatrick. in 1069, the land in the area of Middleham was given to William the Conqueror's nephew, Alan Rufus. Rufus built a wooden motte-and-bailey castle above the town, whose earthworks are still visible today and called "William's Hill". Rufus also built the well known castle at Richmond.
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Middleham Castle
Middleham Castle in Wensleydale, in the county of North Yorkshire, was built by Robert Fitzrandolph, 3rd Lord of Middleham and Spennithorne, commencing in 1190. It was built near the site of an earlier motte and bailey castle. In 1270 it came into the hands of the Neville family, the most notable member of which was Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, known to history as the "Kingmaker", a leading figure in the Wars of the Roses. Following the death of Richard, Duke of York at Wakefield in December 1460, his younger sons, George, Duke of Clarence and Richard, Duke of Gloucester, came into Warwick's care, and both lived at Middleham with Warwick's own family. Their brother King Edward IV was imprisoned at Middleham for a short time, having been captured by Warwick in 1469. Following Warwick's death at Barnet in 1471 and Edward's restoration to the throne, his brother Richard married Anne Neville, Warwick's younger daughter, and made Middleham his main home. Their son Edward was also born at Middleham and later also died there.
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Middlesbrough
Middlesbrough (i/ˈmɪdəlzbrə/ MID-əlz-brə) is a large town situated on the south bank of the River Tees in north east England, that sits within the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire. The local authority, a unitary authority, is Middlesbrough Borough Council.
Historically part of the North Riding of Yorkshire, in 1968 the town became the centre of the County Borough of Teesside, which was absorbed by the non-metropolitan county of Cleveland in 1974. In 1996 Cleveland was abolished, and Middlesbrough became a unitary authority, within the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire.
It is locally regarded that the town exceeds the confines of the Middlesbrough Borough to include the areas of Eston, Grangetown, Normanby, Ormesby, and South Bank which are wards of the neighbouring unitary authority of Redcar and Cleveland.[citation needed][by whom?]
To the northeast of Middlesbrough lies the Tees Estuary, approximately 6 miles (9.7 km) away. A few miles to the south lies the edge of the North York Moors National Park.
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Muston
Coordinates: 54°12′03″N 0°19′16″W / 54.200700°N 0.321000°W / 54.200700; -0.321000
Muston is a village and civil parish, in the Scarborough district of North Yorkshire, England. Muston is made up of two words Mus (Moss, Marsh, or Morass) and Ton (Town, or Towne).
According to the 2001 UK census, Muston parish had a population of 325.
The village is situated on the Yorkshire Wolds Way National Trail, a long distance footpath.
In July/August, Muston hosts its annual week long scarecrow festival.
There is a derelict windmill on the outskirts of the village, just off the A165. References to a mill first appear in 1341.[citation needed] The current mill is thought to have been built in 1826 and was in use until 1932.
The village has its own cricket team, Muston CC, which plays in the Derwent Valley 'A' league.[citation needed]
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New Marske
Coordinates: 54°34′54″N 1°02′27″W / 54.58177°N 1.04084°W / 54.58177; -1.04084
New Marske is a village in the unitary authority of Redcar and Cleveland and the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England, in the region of North East England. Roughly a mile south west of Marske-by-the-Sea and set on a hillside, it was originally a group of miners' terraced houses.
1966 saw the development of what was originally known as Errington Park Estate the development of which ended in 1984, when the development of a 14 hole golf course was supposed to take place.
New Marske has no railway station, but the closest, Longbeck railway station, links to Saltburn, Middlesbrough and Darlington. New Marske is situated near an area of woodland called Errington Woods, in which are the remains of disused mine workings. There are several farms in the vicinity, and there is a primary school (first opened in the 1970s to replace the old school house) serving the recently-built housing estate. The recent building of housing on the old primary school site has meant that the other school of the village has been extended to cater for the new children and closing of the old school. This new housing reflects the rapid growth of villages in the area.
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Newcastle Airport
Newcastle International Airport (IATA: NCL, ICAO: EGNT) is located in Woolsington, a village within the boundary of the City of Newcastle upon Tyne, England, 5 NM (9.3 km; 5.8 mi) north-west of the city centre. In 2011 it was the 11th busiest airport in the United Kingdom.
The airport is owned by seven local authorities (51%) and Copenhagen Airport (49%). The seven local authorities are: City of Sunderland, Durham County Council, Gateshead MBC, North Tyneside MBC, Northumberland County Council, City of Newcastle and South Tyneside MBC, with the highest percentage of local authority ownership being in the hands of City of Sunderland and the lowest being City of Newcastle.
Newcastle Airport has a CAA Public Use Aerodrome Licence (Number P725) that allows flights for the public transport of passengers or for flying instruction.
The Airport was opened on 26 July 1935 as Woolsington Aerodrome by the Secretary of State for Air, Sir Phillip Cunliffe-Lister. Incorporating a clubhouse, hangar, workshops, fuel garage and grass runway, at the time it cost £35,000 to build.
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Norfolk
Norfolk ( /ˈnɔrfək/) is a low-lying county in the East of England. It has borders with Lincolnshire to the west, Cambridgeshire to the west and southwest and Suffolk to the south. Its northern and eastern boundaries are the North Sea coast and to the north-west the county is bordered by The Wash. The city of Norwich is the county town at Norfolk which is fifth largest ceremonial county in England, with an area of 5,371 km² (2,074 sq mi).
Of the 34 non-metropolitan English counties, Norfolk is the seventh most populous, with a population of 850,800 (mid 2008). However, as a largely rural county it has a low population density, 155 people per square kilometre (or 401 per square mile). Norfolk has about one-thirtieth the population density of central London, the tenth lowest density county in the country, with 38% of the county’s population living in the four major built up areas of Norwich (195,000), Great Yarmouth (67,000), King's Lynn (41,000) and Thetford (22,000).The Broads, a well known network of rivers and lakes, is located towards the county's east coast, bordering Suffolk. The area has the status of a National Park and is protected by the Broads Authority. Historical sites, such as those in the centre of Norwich, also contribute to tourism.
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North Grimston
Coordinates: 54°05′55″N 0°42′54″W / 54.098598°N 0.714985°W / 54.098598; -0.714985
North Grimston is a village in the Ryedale district of North Yorkshire, England.
The Church at North Grimston is dedicated to St Nicholas. The font dates back to Saxon times.
North Grimston was served by North Grimston railway station on the Malton and Driffield Railway between 1853 and 1950.
Media related to North Grimston at Wikimedia Commons
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North Lincolnshire
North Lincolnshire is a unitary authority area in the region of Yorkshire and the Humber in England. For ceremonial purposes it is part of Lincolnshire. There are three significant towns: Scunthorpe (the administrative centre), Brigg and Barton-upon-Humber.
It is also home to the Haxey Hood, which is a traditional event which takes place in Haxey on 6 January in the afternoon and is a kind of large rugby football scrum where a leather tube (called the "hood") is pushed to 1 of 4 pubs, where it remains until next year's game.
The 846 km2 (327 sq mi) council area lies on the south side of the Humber estuary and consists mainly of agricultural land, including land on either side of the River Trent. It borders onto North East Lincolnshire, Lincolnshire, South Yorkshire, Nottinghamshire and the East Riding of Yorkshire. The council's administrative base is at Pittwood House in Scunthorpe.
Before the creation of Humberside in 1974, it was part of Lincolnshire, becoming North Lincolnshire only in 1996, on the abolition of Humberside. Until 1 April 1996, the area had been part of Humberside. The district was formed by a merger of the boroughs of Glanford and Scunthorpe, and southern Boothferry.
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North York Moors
The North York Moors is a national park in North Yorkshire, England. The moors are one of the largest expanses of heather moorland in the United Kingdom. It covers an area of 1,436 km2 (554 sq mi), and it has a population of about 25,000. The North York Moors became a National Park in 1952, through the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act of 1949.
To the east the area is clearly defined by the impressive cliffs of the North Sea coast. The northern and western boundaries are defined by the steep scarp slopes of the Cleveland Hills edging the Tees lowlands and the Hambleton Hills above the Vale of Mowbray. To the south lies the broken line of the Tabular Hills and the Vale of Pickering.
Four roads cross the moors from north to south. In the east the A171 joins Whitby and Scarborough. Further inland, the A169 runs between Pickering and Whitby. More centrally, a minor road departs from the A170 at Keldholme and passes through Castleton before joining the A171 which connects Whitby and Guisborough. The most westerly route is the B1257 connecting Helmsley to Stokesley. The A170 from Thirsk to Scarborough marks the southern boundary of the moors area.
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North Yorkshire
North Yorkshire is a county in England. It is a non-metropolitan or shire county located in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England, and a ceremonial county primarily in that region but partly in North East England. Created in 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972 it covers an area of 8,654 square kilometres (3,341 sq mi), making it the largest ceremonial county in England. The majority of the Yorkshire Dales and all of the North York Moors lie within North Yorkshire's boundaries, and around 40% of the county is covered by National Parks. The county town is Northallerton.
The area under the control of the county council, or shire county, is divided into a number of local government districts; they are Craven, Hambleton, Harrogate, Richmondshire, Ryedale, Scarborough and Selby.
The Department for Communities and Local Government did consider reorganising North Yorkshire County Council's administrative structure by abolishing the seven district councils and the county council to create a North Yorkshire unitary authority. The changes were planned to be implemented no later than 1 April 2009. This was rejected on 25 July 2007 so the County Council and District Council structure will remain.
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Northallerton
Coordinates: 54°20′16″N 1°25′43″W / 54.3378°N 1.4285°W / 54.3378; -1.4285
Northallerton ( /ˌnɔːˈθælətən/) is an affluentmarket town and civil parish in the Hambleton district of North Yorkshire, England. It lies in the Vale of Mowbray and at the northern end of the Vale of York. It has a population of 15,741 according to the 2001 census. It has served as the county town of the North Riding of Yorkshire and since 1974, of North Yorkshire.
There has been a settlement at Northallerton since Roman times, however its growth in importance began in the 11th century when King William II gifted land to the Bishop of Durham. Under the Bishop's authority Northallerton became an important centre for religious affairs. It was also a focus for much conflict in subsequent years between the English and the Scots, most notably the Battle of the Standard, nearby in 1138, which saw losses of as many as 12,000 men.
In later years trade and transport became more important. Lying on the main route between Edinburgh and London it became an important stopping point for coaches travelling the route, eventually superseded by the growth of the railways in the 19th century. Lying in the centre of a large rural area Northallerton was established as a market town in 1200 by Royal Charter, and there is still a market in the town today.
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Northamptonshire
Coordinates: 52°17′N 0°50′W / 52.283°N 0.833°W / 52.283; -0.833
Northamptonshire ( /nɔrˈθæmptənʃər/ or /nɔrθˈhæmptənʃɪər/; archaically, the County of Northampton; abbreviated Northants. or N/hants) is a landlocked ceremonial county in the East Midlands region of England. Its population is 629,676 as at the 2001 census. It has boundaries with eight other ceremonial counties: Warwickshire to the west, Leicestershire and Rutland to the north, Cambridgeshire to the east, Bedfordshire to the south-east, Buckinghamshire to the south, Oxfordshire to the south-west and Lincolnshire to the north-east – England's shortest county boundary at 19 metres (21 yd). The county seat is Northampton. Other large population centres include Kettering, Corby, Wellingborough, Rushden and Daventry.
Northamptonshire's county flower is the cowslip[citation needed].
Much of Northamptonshire’s countryside appears to have remained somewhat intractable with regards to early human occupation, resulting in an apparently sparse population and relatively few finds from the Palaeolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic periods. In about 500 BC the Iron Age was introduced into the area by a continental people in the form of the Hallstatt culture, and over the next century a series of hill-forts were constructed at Arbury Camp, Rainsborough camp, Borough Hill, Castle Dykes, Guilsborough, Irthlingborough, and most notably of all, Hunsbury Hill. There are two more possible hill-forts at Arbury Hill (Badby) and Thenford.
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Northumberland
Northumberland ( /nɔrˈθʌmbərlənd/; abbreviated Northumb. or Northd, the latter being preferred by the Royal Mail) is the northernmost ceremonial county and a unitary district in North East England. It borders Cumbria to the west, County Durham to the south and Tyne and Wear to the south east and the Scottish Borders council area to the north. Its North Sea coastline is a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty with a 64 mile (103 km) long distance path. Since 1981, the county council has been located in Morpeth, situated in the east of the county.
The historical boundaries of the county of Northumberland included Newcastle upon Tyne, the traditional county town, as well as Tynemouth and other settlements in North Tyneside, all areas transferred to Tyne and Wear in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972. The historical county boundaries are sometimes taken to exclude Islandshire, Bedlingtonshire and Norhamshire (collectively North Durham), exclaves of County Durham which were incorporated into Northumberland in 1844. For Eurostat purposes Northumberland is a NUTS 3 region (code UKC21) and is one of three local authority areas that comprise the "Northumberland and Tyne and Wear" NUTS 2 region.
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Northumbria
Northumbria (Old English: Norþanhymbra / Norþhymbre) was a mediæval kingdom of the Angles, in what is now Northern England and South-East Scotland, becoming subsequently an earldom in a united Anglo-Saxon kingdom of England. The name reflects the approximate southern limit to the kingdom's territory, the Humber Estuary.
Northumbria was formed by Æthelfrith in central Great Britain in Anglo-Saxon times. At the beginning of the 7th century the two kingdoms of Bernicia and Deira were unified. (In the 12th century writings of Henry of Huntingdon the kingdom was defined as one of the Heptarchy of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms.) At its greatest the kingdom extended at least from just south of the Humber, to the River Mersey and to the Forth (roughly, Sheffield to Runcorn to Edinburgh) – and there is some evidence that it may have been much greater (see map).
The later (and smaller) earldom came about when the southern part of Northumbria (ex-Deira) was lost to the Danelaw. The northern part (ex-Bernicia) at first retained its status as a kingdom but when it become subordinate to the Danish kingdom it had its powers curtailed to that of an earldom, and retained that status when England was reunited by the Wessex-led reconquest of the Danelaw. The earldom was bounded by the River Tees in the south and the River Tweed in the north (broadly similar to the modern North East England).
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Nottinghamshire
Nottinghamshire ( /ˈnɒtɪŋəmʃər/ or /ˈnɒtɪŋəmʃɪər/; abbreviated Notts) is a county in the East Midlands of England, bordering South Yorkshire to the north-west, Lincolnshire to the east, Leicestershire to the south, and Derbyshire to the west. The traditional county town is Nottingham, though the county council is based in West Bridgford in the borough of Rushcliffe, at a site facing Nottingham over the River Trent.
The districts of Nottinghamshire are Ashfield, Bassetlaw, Broxtowe, Gedling, Mansfield, Newark and Sherwood, and Rushcliffe. The City of Nottingham was administratively part of Nottinghamshire between 1974 and 1998 but is now a unitary authority, remaining part of Nottinghamshire for ceremonial purposes.
As of 2006 the county is estimated to have a population of just over one million. Over half of the population of the county live in the Greater Nottingham conurbation (which continues into Derbyshire). The conurbation has a population of about 650,000, though less than half live within the city boundaries.
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Ormesby
Ormesby is a former village, and now suburb, spanning the Middlesbrough and Redcar and Cleveland unitary authorities in north east England, within the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire. It forms part of the Middlesbrough urban agglomeration. It has a population of approximately 6,500 residents.
A survival of the original Ormesby village is the High Street's 18th century Sundial Row, a terrace of ex-almshouses and stables which are now private houses. Alongside the almshouses is a betting shop which was once a school: it bears the inscription,
These buildings, together with the Grade I listed National Trust property, Ormesby Hall form the centrepieces to a conservation area.
Ormesby manor and church are recorded in the Domesday Book as the property of ‘Orme’, to whose name the suffix ‘by’ (the Viking word for habitation or dwelling place) was added to make Ormesby.
The manor of Ormesby was extensive and stretched about four miles from the banks of the River Tees to the brow of the hill south of Ormesby village. Its east and west boundaries were defined by the becks, Spencer Beck and Ormesby Beck, - beck being the north of England word for stream. A third beck, the aptly named Middle Beck, ran parallel to the others, through the middle of the village, along Church Lane, dividing the manor into two strips of land of roughly the same size.
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Oxfordshire
Oxfordshire ( /ˈɒksfərdʃər/ or /ˈɒksfərdʃɪər/; archaically the County of Oxford; abbreviated Oxon from the Latinised form of "Oxford", Oxonia) is a county in the South East region of England, bordering on Warwickshire and Northamptonshire (to the north/northeast), Buckinghamshire (to the east), Berkshire (to the south), Wiltshire (to the southwest) and Gloucestershire (to the west).
The county has major education and tourist industries. The area is noted for the concentration of performance motorsport companies and facilities. Oxford University Press is the largest firm among a concentration of print and publishing firms; the University of Oxford is also linked to the concentration of local biotechnology companies.
The main centre of population is the city of Oxford. Other significant settlements are Banbury, Bicester, Kidlington, and Chipping Norton to the north of Oxford; Witney to the west; Thame and Chinnor to the east; and Abingdon, Wantage, Didcot, Wallingford and Henley-on-Thames to the south. Future population growth in the county is hoped[clarification needed] to be concentrated around Oxford, Banbury, Bicester, Didcot and Witney, near the South Midlands growth area.
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Pateley Bridge
Coordinates: 54°05′07″N 1°45′44″W / 54.0854°N 1.7622°W / 54.0854; -1.7622
Pateley Bridge (known locally as Pateley) is a small market town in Nidderdale in the Borough of Harrogate, North Yorkshire, England, on the River Nidd.
It has the oldest sweet shop in England and is the home of the Nidderdale Museum.
The last Dales agricultural show of the year, the Nidderdale Show, is held annually on the showground by the River Nidd. The show attracts over 14000 visitors each year.
Pateley was first recorded in the 12th century. It takes its name from the Old English paða-leah, meaning "clearing near the paths" and referring to paths up Nidderdale and from Ripon to Craven, which intersected here.. The local story that the name comes from 'Pate', an old Yorkshire dialect word for 'Badger', is incorrect.
In 1320 the Archbishop of York granted a charter for a market and fair at Pateley.
Until 1964, Pateley was the terminus of the railway line running up Nidderdale from Nidd Valley Junction, near Harrogate. Between 1907 and 1937, the Nidd Valley Light Railway ran farther up the dale. Access is now by road, with an hourly bus service from Harrogate.
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Redcar
Coordinates: 54°37′07″N 1°04′07″W / 54.61856°N 1.06856°W / 54.61856; -1.06856
Redcar is a seaside resort in the north east of England, and a major town in the unitary authority of Redcar and Cleveland in the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire. It lies 7.5 miles (12.1 km) east-northeast of Middlesbrough by the North Sea coast. The combined population of the wards of Coatham, Dormanstown, Kirkleatham, Newcomen, West Dyke and Zetland was 36,610 in the 2001 census.
Redcar originated as a fishing town in the early 14th century, trading with the larger adjacent market town of Coatham. Until the mid 19th century it was a sub-parish of the village of Marske-by-the-Sea, when Redcar emerged as a seaside tourist destination. With the opening of the Middlesbrough to Redcar Railway in 1846, Redcar became a resort for Victorian tourists.
Redcar means "(place by the) red marsh" from the Old English rēad "red" and Old Scandinavian kjarr. However the first part of the name could also represent OE hrēod, (reed), giving a sense "reedy marshland", referring to the low lying land by the sea on which Redcar lies. Redcar originated as a fishing town in the 14th century, trading with the larger adjacent market town of Coatham. Until the mid 19th century it was a sub-parish of the local village of Marske-by-the-Sea (mentioned in the Domesday book).
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Redcar and Cleveland
The borough of Redcar & Cleveland is a unitary authority in the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England consisting of Redcar, Saltburn-by-the-Sea, Guisborough, and small towns such as Brotton, Eston, Skelton and Loftus. It had a resident population of 139,132 in 2001, and is part of the Tees Valley economic area. It is represented in Parliament by Ian Swales (Liberal Democrat) for the Redcar constituency and by Tom Blenkinsop (Labour) for the Middlesbrough South and East Cleveland constituency.
The district was created in 1974 as the borough of Langbaurgh, one of four districts of the new non-metropolitan county of Cleveland. It was formed from the Coatham, Kirkleatham, Ormesby, Redcar and South Bank wards of the county borough of Teesside, along with Guisborough, Loftus, Saltburn and Marske-by-the-Sea, Eston Grange and Skelton and Brotton urban districts, from the North Riding of Yorkshire. The borough was named after the ancient Langbaurgh wapentake of Yorkshire. On 1 January 1988 the borough was renamed as Langbaurgh-on-Tees.
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Redcar Racecourse
Redcar Racecourse is a thoroughbred horse racing venue located in Redcar, North Yorkshire, England.
Its address is Redcar Racecourse Ltd, Thrush Road, Redcar TS10 2BY
Redcar is Yorkshire's seaside track, oval-shaped and perfectly flat. The present racecourse was opened in 1870, or 1875 and prior to this Redcar races were held on the sands at Coatham.
The course itself is a left handed oval of just over 1m 4f with relatively tight banked bends. There is also a 3f chute that joins the track where the top bend meets the straight, providing a 1m straight course, purported to be the only 'Straight Mile' in the UK that is straight and level.
Coordinates: 54°36′27″N 1°03′54″W / 54.6075°N 1.065°W / 54.6075; -1.065
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Reeth
Coordinates: 54°23′15″N 1°56′32″W / 54.3876°N 1.9422°W / 54.3876; -1.9422
Reeth is a village in the Yorkshire Dales within the Richmondshire district of North Yorkshire, England and principal settlement of Swaledale. It is situated at the meeting point of the two most northerly of the Yorkshire Dales: Swaledale and Arkengarthdale.
In Saxon times, Reeth was only a settlement on the forest edge, but by the time of the Norman Conquest it had grown sufficiently in importance to be noted in the Domesday Book.
Later it became a centre for hand-knitting and the local lead industry was controlled from here, but it was always a market centre for the local farming community. Its 18th-century houses and hotels are clustered around a triangular green. The village has three pubs all situated on the green. They are the Black Bull, the King's Arms and the Buck Hotel. The village is overlooked by the fells of Fremington Edge and Calver Hill. The village also offers several B & Bs and tea rooms as well as a hotel, the Burgoyne, that overlooks the village green.
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Richmond Castle
Richmond Castle in Richmond, North Yorkshire, England, stands in a commanding position above the River Swale, close to the centre of the town of Richmond. It was originally called Riche Mount, 'the strong hill'. The castle was constructed from 1071 onwards as part of the Norman Conquest of Saxon England as the Domesday Book of 1086 refers to 'a castlery' at Richmond in that year.
William the Conqueror had put down the 1069 rebellion at York which was followed by his "harrying of the North" - an act of ethnic cleansing which depopulated large areas for a generation or more. As a further punishment he divided up the lands of north Yorkshire among his most loyal followers. Alain Le Roux de Ponthievre of Brittany received the borough of Richmond and began constructing the castle to defend against further rebellions and establish a personal power base for one of the most extensive Norman estates in England which covered parts of eight counties - the Honour of Richmond. The Dukes of Brittany became the owners of the castle though it was often confiscated for various periods by English Kings.
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Richmondshire
Coordinates: 54°19′48″N 2°00′43″W / 54.330°N 2.012°W / 54.330; -2.012
Richmondshire is a local government district of North Yorkshire, England. It covers a large northern area of the Yorkshire Dales including Swaledale and Arkengarthdale, Wensleydale and Coverdale, with the prominent Scots' Dyke and Scotch Corner along the centre. Teesdale lies to the north. It is larger than four of the English counties, such as Berkshire.
The history of this district in antiquity is not well known, but the closest important Roman settlement was at Catterick in what became known as Rheged, site of the Battle of Catterick. At the terminus of Scandinavian York, there was a local bout of rebellion in Stainmore, which resulted in the death of Eric Bloodaxe. The Scandinavian settlement of this area was eastwards from the Irish Sea with names such as Gilpatrick in Middleham and Thorfinn in Bedale occurring at the time of the Domesday Book. At the time of the Norman Conquest it was the Fee of Gillingshire, held by Edwin, Earl of Mercia.Gillingshire was made up of the Borough of Richmond and five wapentakes of Gilling West, Gilling East, Hang West, Hang East and Hallikeld. After the Harrying of the North, the land became capital of the Duchy of Brittany's Honour of Richmond (first as a barony, then a county and later a dukedom). The honour of Richmond was one of the three largest lordships created by William the Conqueror. He granted it to his cousin, Alan the Red, brother of the Duke of Brittany. Alan had other English estates and by the time that Domesday Book was compiled he was one of the richest and most powerful barons. He died in 1093 and was succeeded by two of his brothers in turn. The family held on to this estate until 1399. Work on the castle started in 1071 after the northern rebellions had died down.
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Rievaulx
Rievaulx ( /ˈriːvoʊ/ REE-voh) is a small village and civil parish near Helmsley in North Yorkshire, England and is located in what was the inner court of Rievaulx Abbey, close to the River Rye. The inner court of the monastery contained buildings such as the brewhouse, bakehouse and guesthouse. Its name originated as Rye (the river) + Norman-French val or valle = "valley". Its old local pronunciation was as "Rivers", and changed to "Reevo" when education brought a general familiarity with the French language.
The abbey was closed as part of the Dissolution of the Monasteries by Henry VIII in 1535 and the grounds were bought by the Duke of Rutland. He was keen to continue the iron-smelting industry which had been conducted by the monks. He therefore established a charcoal-fired blast furnace and the associated structures and workings in what became Rievaulx village [1][dead link]. This continued until its disruption during the Civil War, with production ceasing in 1647.
The village then became agricultural in nature and remains as a small settlement, situated below the Abbey and the Rievaulx Terrace & Temples. The old watermill has been converted into a house around the workings, many of which are still extant, including the mill wheel, though the mill has been out of operation for a long time. The miller's cottage also still stands and is a separate abode.
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Rievaulx Abbey
Rievaulx Abbey /riːˈvoʊ/ ree-VOH is a former Cistercian abbey headed by the Abbot of Rievaulx. It is located in Rievaulx, near Helmsley in North Yorkshire, England.
It was one of the wealthiest abbeys in England and was dissolved by Henry VIII of England in 1538. Its ruins are a tourist attraction.
Rievaulx Abbey was founded in 1132 by twelve monks from Clairvaux Abbey as a mission for the colonisation of the north of England and Scotland. It was the first Cistercian abbey in the north. With time it became one of the great Cistercian abbeys of Yorkshire, second only to Fountains Abbey in fame.[citation needed]
The remote location was ideal for the Cistercians, whose desire was to follow a strict life of prayer and self-sufficiency with little contact with the outside world. The patron, Walter Espec, settled another Cistercian community, founding Wardon Abbey in Bedfordshire on unprofitable wasteland on one of his inherited estates.
The abbey lies in a wooded dale by the River Rye, sheltered by hills. To have enough flat land to build on, a small part of the river was diverted several metres west of its former channel. The monks altered the course of the river three times during the 12th century. The old course of the river is visible in the abbey's grounds. This is one illustration of the technical ingenuity of the monks, who over time built up a very profitable business mining lead and iron, rearing sheep and selling wool to buyers from all over Europe. Rievaulx Abbey became one of the greatest and wealthiest in England, with 140 monks and many more lay brothers, receiving grants of land totalling 6,000 acres (24 km²) and establishing daughter houses in England and Scotland.
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Ripon
Coordinates: 54°08′17″N 1°31′25″W / 54.13796°N 1.52365°W / 54.13796; -1.52365
Ripon is a cathedral city, market town and successor parish in the Borough of Harrogate, North Yorkshire, England, located at the confluence of two streams of the River Ure in the form of the Laver and Skell. The city is noted for its main feature the Ripon Cathedral which is architecturally significant, as well as the Ripon Racecourse and other features such as its market. The city itself is just over 1,300 years old.
The city was originally known as Inhrypum and was founded by Saint Wilfrid during the time of Angle kingdom Northumbria, a period during which it enjoyed prominence in terms of religious importance in Great Britain. After a period of Viking control, it passed to the Cerdic dynasty who unified England and then the Normans who destroyed much of the city. After a brief period of building projects under the Plantagenets, the city emerged with a prominent wool and cloth industry. Ripon became well known for its production of spurs during the 16th and 17th century, but would later remain largely unaffected by the Industrial Revolution.
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Ripon Cathedral
Ripon Cathedral is the seat of the Bishop of Ripon and Leeds and the mother church of the Diocese of Ripon and Leeds, situated in the small North Yorkshire city of Ripon, England.
A church on the site is thought to date from 672, when it is believed to have been the second stone building erected in the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Northumbria[citation needed]. The crypt dates from this period.
People have been coming to worship and pray at Ripon for more than 1,350 years. The Cathedral building itself is part of this continuing act of worship, begun in the 7th century when Saint Wilfrid built one of England’s first stone churches on this site, and still renewed every day. Within the nave and choir, you can see the evidence of 800 years in which master craftsmen have expressed their faith in wood and stone.
Today’s church is the fourth to have stood on this site. Saint Wilfrid brought stonemasons, plasterers and glaziers from France and Italy to build his great basilica in AD 672. A contemporary account by Eddius Stephanus tells us:
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Ripon Racecourse
Ripon Racecourse is a thoroughbred horse racing venue located in Ripon, North Yorkshire, England and is nicknamed the Garden Racecourse. The Ripon area is steeped in equine history and racing has taken place on several sites serving the region, with the first recorded meeting on Bondgate Green in 1664. An 1856 OS map shows a racecourse on the north side of the Ure beside the road to Thirsk and adjacent to the railway station.
Racing on the present site on Boroughbridge Road began on August 6, 1900. The course is a right-handed oval of approximately 1m5f with a 5f finishing straight and a 6f chute. The racecourse competes with three other North Yorkshire racecourses, being Thirsk, Catterick and York. The West Yorkshire racecourses, Wetherby and Pontefract are also nearby.
Coordinates: 54°07′24.38″N 1°29′53.73″W / 54.1234389°N 1.4982583°W / 54.1234389; -1.4982583
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River Aire
The River Aire is a major river in Yorkshire, England, 71 miles (114 km) in length. Part of the river is canalised, and is known as the Aire and Calder Navigation.
The Aire rises at Malham Tarn, flowing underground to Aire Head, near Malham, in North Yorkshire, and then flows through Gargrave and Skipton. After Cononley, the river enters West Yorkshire where it passes through the former industrial areas of Keighley, Bingley, Saltaire and Shipley. It then passes through Leeds and on to the villages of Swillington and Woodlesford. At Castleford is the confluence of the Aire and Calder; just downstream of the confluence was the ford where the ancient British road, used by the Romans, crossed on its way north to York. The river re-enters North Yorkshire near Knottingley and in its lower reaches forms part of the boundary between North Yorkshire and the East Riding of Yorkshire.
The River Aire empties into the River Ouse at Airmyn, 'myn' being an old English word for 'river mouth'. The name possibly derived from Brythonic *Isara, meaning "strong river". The Aire could have been the winwœd or winwæd written about in Old English, from the Old English elements winnan or win ("strife", "fight") and wæd ("shallow water", "ford"), however others have proposed that it is actually the Went (also called the "wynt" in Old English) or the Cock Beck (see Battle of the Winwaed). Still others have claimed that it is actually the name of the battle and not the body of water itself.
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River Foss
The River Foss is an improved river in North Yorkshire, England, and a tributary of the River Ouse. It rises in the Foss Crooks woods near Oulston reservoir close to the village of Yearsley and runs south through the Vale of York to the Ouse. The name most likely comes from the Roman word Fossa, meaning ditch and is mentioned in the Domesday Book.
The responsibility for the management of the river's drainage area lies with the Foss Internal Drainage Board (IDB). It has responsibility for the area from Crayke to the pre-1991 city boundary of York covering 9,085 hectares and 162.54 km of waterways. The Foss IDB is itself part of the York Consortium of Drainage Boards that oversees 10 IDB's in the Yorkshire region.
The typical river level range at the Foss Barrier is between 5.05m and 7.90m. The highest river level recorded at this location was 10.20 metres and the river level reached 9.34 metres on 23 January 2008.
The source of this river is a spring situated in the Howardian Hills adjacent to, and flowing into, Oulston Reservoir near Newburgh Priory, 4 miles (6.5 km) north of Easingwold. From there to the Blue Bridge in York, where it joins the River Ouse, it is 19.5 miles (31 km) in length. For part of its way it runs close to the B1363 between Brandsby and Stillington. The river flows in a series of wide meanders in southerly direction for most of its course towards York. As of 2010 the river is only navigable for some 1.5 miles (2 km) upstream of Castle Mills Lock. The bridges by Peasholme Green and Foss Bank restrict the headroom to an air space of 2.4 metres.
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River Ribble
The River Ribble is a river that runs through North Yorkshire and Lancashire, in northern England. The river's drainage basin also includes parts of Greater Manchester around Wigan.
The Ribble begins at the confluence of the Gayle Beck and Cam Beck near the famous viaduct at Ribblehead, in the shadow of the Yorkshire three peaks.
It flows through Settle, Clitheroe, Ribchester and Preston, before emptying into the Irish Sea between Lytham St. Annes and Southport, a length of 75 miles (121 km).
The main tributaries of the Ribble are the Hodder and Calder which join the river near Great Mitton, the River Darwen which joins at Walton-le-Dale and the River Douglas which joins near Hesketh Bank.
The Ribble Way is a long-distance footpath which follows the river for much of its course. The Ribble marked the northernmost extent of the ancient kingdom of Mercia. At the time of the Domesday Book, the river formed the northern boundary of an area of land (known as Inter Ripam et Mersam) that was included in the Domesday information for Cheshire, though it was probably not formally part of the county of Cheshire.
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River Swale
The River Swale is a river in Yorkshire, England and a major tributary of the River Ure, which itself becomes the River Ouse, emptying into the North Sea via the Humber Estuary.
The name Swale is from the Anglo-Saxon word Sualuae meaning rapid and liable to deluge. Annual rainfall figures of 1800mm p.a. in the headwaters and 1300mm p.a. in the lower waters over a drop of 148m in 32 km, gives proof to its name. The river gives its name to the valley through which it flows, namely Swaledale.
The river and its valley are home to many types of flora and fauna typical to the Yorkshire Dales. Like similar rivers in the region, the river carves through several types of rock and has features typical of both river and glacial erosion. The River Swale has been a contributory factor in the settlements that have been recorded throughout its history. It has provided water to aid in the raising of crops and livestock, but also in the various mining activities that have occurred since Roman times and before.
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River Tees
The River Tees is in northern England. It rises on the eastern slope of Cross Fell in the North Pennines, and flows eastwards for 85 miles (137 km) to reach the North Sea between Hartlepool and Redcar near to Middlesbrough.
It drains an area of 708 square miles (1834 square km) and subsumes no important tributaries. Before the reorganization of the historic English counties, the river formed the boundary between County Durham and Yorkshire. In its lower reaches it now forms the boundary between the ceremonial counties of County Durham and North Yorkshire, while in the highest part of its course it forms the boundary between the historic counties of Westmorland and Durham. The head of the valley, whose upper portion is known as Teesdale, has a desolate grandeur, surrounded by hills, some exceeding 2500 feet (762 m), and bleak moorland. This area is part of the North Pennine Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, recently designated a geological Europark, the first in the UK. In the headwaters is the Cow Green Reservoir constructed to store water to be released in dry conditions to supoport industrial need for water on Teesside.
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River Wharfe
The River Wharfe is a river in Yorkshire, England. For much of its length it is the county boundary between West Yorkshire and North Yorkshire. The name Wharfe is Celtic and means "twisting, winding".
The valley of the River Wharfe is known as Wharfedale. The river source is at Beckermonds, Langstrothdale in the Yorkshire Dales National Park and flows through Kettlewell, Grassington, Bolton Abbey, Addingham, Ilkley, Burley-in-Wharfedale, Otley, Wetherby and Tadcaster. It then flows into the River Ouse near Cawood. The section of the river from its source to around Addingham is known as Upper Wharfedale and has a very different character to the river downstream.
The river is approximately 97 km long before it joins the River Ouse. It is a public navigation from the weir at Tadcaster to its junction with the River Ouse near Cawood and tidal from Ulleskelf.
The river source is the confluence of Oughtershaw Beck and Green Field Beck in Langstrothdale near Beckermonds. It flows east and south east taking the flows from many small streams, whose sources are the shake holes from Yockenthwaite Moor on the north bank and Horse Head Moor on the south bank. After Hubberholme, the river flows south past Buckden and Starbotton and then south east past Kettlewell before flowing south again. Near Conistone are the gentle waterfalls of Scar Lash. Shortly before reaching Grassington, the river turns south east over Linton Falls. South of Appletreewick, the river flows south west for a short distance until it reaches Gill Beck and returns southward. To the north of Bolton Bridge, the river narrows and goes over waterfalls in an area known as The Strid. The river winds south and south east towards Ilkley where it heads east through Otley and Collingham. It briefly flows north to Wetherby before turning south and then south east past Ulleskelf to the confluence with the River Ouse.
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Romanby
Coordinates: 54°19′44″N 1°26′38″W / 54.3288°N 1.4440°W / 54.3288; -1.4440
Romanby is a village and civil parish in the Hambleton district of North Yorkshire, England. Romanby is situated just south-west of Northallerton, and at the 2001 UK census had a population of 6,051.
The name Romanby suggests that the village dates from Roman times, but in fact it is thought to derive from the Viking name Hromund.
The Community of Romanby is served by Romanby Primary School. The local secondary school is the Allertonshire School and the local College is Northallerton College.
'The Golden Lion' is a Pub that lies at the heart of Romanby village.
Romanby Church was demolished in 1523 on the orders of the Bishop of Durham, Thomas Wolsey. Romanby now has two churches, St James' Church (built in 1882) and Romanby Methodist Church.
Romanby Golf Course lies on the outskirts of Romanby, it has an 18 hole course, floodlit driving range and a clubhouse.
Northallerton Town Football Club is located in Romanby
A self contained village, it boasts two shops, post office, dentist, hairdressers and a pub
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Rutland
Coordinates: 52°39′20.00″N 0°39′30.00″W / 52.65556°N 0.65833°W / 52.65556; -0.65833
Rutland ( /ˈrʌtlənd/) is a landlocked county in central England, bounded on the west and north by Leicestershire, northeast by Lincolnshire and southeast by Peterborough (a unitary authority ceremonially in Cambridgeshire) and Northamptonshire.
Its greatest length north to south is only 18 miles (29.0 km), greatest breadth east to west, 17 miles (27.4 km). It is the smallest (in terms of population) normal unitary authority in mainland England (only the City of London is smaller in terms of area), and is 348th of the 354 districts in terms of population. It is the smallest historic English county, leading to the adoption of the Latin motto Multum In Parvo or "much in little" by the county council in 1950. Among modern ceremonial counties the Isle of Wight, City of London and City of Bristol are all smaller. The former County of London, in existence 1889 to 1965, also had a smaller area.
The only towns in Rutland are Oakham, the county town, and Uppingham. At the centre of the county is the large artificial reservoir, Rutland Water, with a similar surface area to Windermere. It is an important nature reserve serving as an overwintering site for wildfowl and a breeding site for ospreys. The town of Stamford is just over the border in a protruding part of Lincolnshire.
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Ryedale
Coordinates: 54°08′20″N 0°47′24″W / 54.139°N 0.79°W / 54.139; -0.79
Ryedale is a non-metropolitan district of the shire county of North Yorkshire in England. Settlements include Helmsley, Kirkbymoorside, Malton, Norton-on-Derwent, Pickering, and Terrington.
The name refers to the River Rye and was previously used for the Ryedale wapentake of Yorkshire, that covered roughly the same area. The current district was formed on 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, and was a merger of urban district of Norton and Norton Rural District, from the historic East Riding of Yorkshire, along with the urban districts of Malton and Pickering with Flaxton Rural District, Helmsley Rural District, Kirkbymoorside Rural District, Malton Rural District and Pickering Rural District, all from the North Riding of Yorkshire.
The district lost about half its population in 1996, when an expanded City of York became a unitary authority, specifically the parishes of Clifton Without, Earswick, Haxby, Heworth Without, Holtby, Huntington, Murton, New Earswick, Osbaldwick, Rawcliffe, Skelton, Stockton-on-the-Forest, Strensall, Towthorpe, and Wigginton According to the 2001 census these parishes combined had a population of 50,163, compared to the population of the rump Ryedale district of 50,872.
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Scagglethorpe
Coordinates: 54°08′31″N 0°43′22″W / 54.142048°N 0.722764°W / 54.142048; -0.722764
Scagglethorpe is a village and civil parish in the Ryedale district of North Yorkshire, England.
Scagglethorpe is located near Malton just off the A64 almost half way between York and Scarborough.
Scagglethorpe is derived from the Viking word Schachetorp, meaning hamlet of a man called Skakull or Skakli, as listed in the Domesday book 1086.
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Scampston
Coordinates: 54°10′03″N 0°40′59″W / 54.1675°N 0.6831°W / 54.1675; -0.6831
Scampston is a village and civil parish in the Ryedale district of North Yorkshire, England. It lies close to the A64 road, on the outskirts of Rillington and approximately 3 miles east of Malton.
Scampston was the birth place of William Latimer, 4th Baron Latimer, the first member of the British Parliament to be impeached.
Media related to Scampston at Wikimedia Commons
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Scarborough Castle
Scarborough Castle is a former medieval Royal fortress situated on a rocky promontory overlooking the North Sea and Scarborough, North Yorkshire, England. The site of the castle, encompassing the Iron Age settlement, Roman signal station, an Anglo-Scandinavian settlement and chapel, the 12th century enclosure castle and 18th century battery, is a scheduled monument of national importance.
Fortifications for a wooden castle were built in the 1130s, but the present stone castle dates from the 1150s. Over the centuries, several other structures were added, with medieval monarchs investing heavily in what was then an important fortress that guarded the Yorkshire coastline, Scarborough's port trade, and the north of England from Scottish or continental invasion. It was fortified and defended during various civil wars, sieges and conflicts, as kings fought with rival barons, faced rebellion and clashed with republican forces, though peace with Scotland and the conclusion of civil and continental wars in the 17th century led to its decline in importance.
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Selby
Coordinates: 53°46′54″N 1°04′13″W / 53.781789°N 1.070309°W / 53.781789; -1.070309
Selby is a town and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. Situated 12 miles (19.3 km) south of the city of York, along the course of the River Ouse, Selby is the largest and, with a population of 13,012, most populous settlement of the wider Selby local government district.
Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, much of the wealth of the town was facilitated via Selby's position upon the banks of the River Ouse. In the past, Selby had a large shipbuilding industry and was an important port, for the most part due to the Selby Canal which brought trade from the city of Leeds.
The town’s origins date from the establishment of a Viking settlement on the banks of the River Ouse. Archaeological investigations in Selby have revealed extensive remains, including waterlogged deposits in the core of the town dating from the Roman period onwards. It is believed that Selby originated as a settlement called Seletun which was referred to in the Anglo Saxon Chronicle of AD 779.
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Selby Abbey
Selby Abbey is an Anglican parish church in the town of Selby, North Yorkshire.
It is one of the relatively few surviving abbey churches of the medieval period, and, although not a cathedral, is one of the biggest. It was founded by Benedict of Auxerre in 1069 and subsequently built by the de Lacy family.
Like York Minster, the church rests on a base of sand and has suffered from subsidence. Many sections collapsed entirely during the 17th century, and further serious damage was done by a fire of 1906 which melted the bells in the central tower. Nevertheless, extensive rebuilding and refurbishment has made the church one of the most impressive in the country. The tower is Norman, but the eastern end is in Decorated Gothic style, and the west front a mixture of Norman, Gothic and Victorian.
The interior bears some similarity to that of Durham Cathedral, on which the design was modelled. Richly-carved and moulded capitals are found throughout the church. A major feature is the east window, which contains original medieval glass and depicts the Tree of Jesse, a popular subject of that period. The chancel stonework is thought to have been designed by Henry Yevele.
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Settle
Coordinates: 54°04′20″N 2°16′55″W / 54.07213°N 2.28189°W / 54.07213; -2.28189
Settle is a small market town and civil parish within the Craven district of North Yorkshire, England. Historically within the West Riding of Yorkshire, it is served by the Settle railway station, which is located near the town centre, and Giggleswick railway station which is a mile away. It is 29 miles (47 km) from Leeds Bradford Airport. The main road running through Settle is the B6480, which links to the A65, connecting Settle to Skipton and Kendal. The town has a population of 2,421 according to the 2001 Census.
Settle is thought to be of Anglian 7th century origins, its name being the Angle word for settlement. After the Harrying of the North between 1069 and 1071, the area was described in the Domesday Book as "waste". A market charter was granted to Henry de Percy (1228–1272) by Henry III in 1249. A market square developed and the main route through the medieval town was aligned on an east-west direction, from what is now Albert Hill down Victoria Street, High Street and Cheapside and on through Kirkgate. This led to Giggleswick, important because it was here that citizens had to go to attend the parish church. The first bridge over the River Ribble was mentioned in 1498.
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Shandy Hall
Shandy Hall was the home of the Rev. Laurence Sterne who is famous for his novel Tristram Shandy in Coxwold, North Yorkshire, England. Sterne lived there from 1760 to 1768 as perpetual curate of Coxwold.
The home was originally built in c.1450 as a parsonage for the Coxwold village priest. It is a small building, with a mossy stone-covered roof, wide gables, and massive chimney-stacks, originally a timber framed open-hall house considerably altered in the 17th century. The stone tablet above its doorway states that Sterne wrote Tristram Shandy and A Sentimental Journey at Shandy Hall. This is not entirely accurate, for two volumes of Tristram Shandy had already been published in 1759 before Sterne moved to Coxwold.
The house is a Grade 1 Listed Building. It was extended and altered internally for Sterne and subject to restoration in 1960.
Shandy Hall is also the name of a homestead museum located in Harpersfield, Ohio, owned and maintained by the Western Reserve Historical Society.
Shandy Hall was also the home of Dr. Philip Cross, a physician from County Cork, convicted of murdering his wife.
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Sheffield
Sheffield
i/ˈʃɛfiːld/ is a city and metropolitan borough of South Yorkshire, England. Its name derives from the River Sheaf, which runs through the city. Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, and with some of its southern suburbs annexed from Derbyshire, the city has grown from its largely industrial roots to encompass a wider economic base. The population of the City of Sheffield is 555,500 (2010 est.) and it is one of the eight largest regional English cities that make up the English Core Cities Group.
During the 19th century, Sheffield gained an international reputation for steel production. Many innovations were developed locally, including crucible and stainless steel, fuelling an almost tenfold increase in the population during the Industrial Revolution. Sheffield received its municipal charter in 1843, becoming the City of Sheffield in 1893. International competition in iron and steel caused a decline in traditional local industries during the 1970s and 1980s, coinciding with the collapse of coal mining in the area.
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Sheriff Hutton
Coordinates: 54°05′20″N 1°00′11″W / 54.089000°N 1.003000°W / 54.089000; -1.003000
Sheriff Hutton is a village and civil parish in the Ryedale district of North Yorkshire, England. It lies about ten miles north by north-east of York. Sheriff Hutton is so named because it was once held by Bertram de Bulmer, the Sheriff of York, who died in 1166.
A motte-and-bailey castle was built here in 1140 by Bertram de Bulmer, during the reign of King Stephen, the remains of which can be seen to the south of the churchyard. The extant remains of the stone-built Sheriff Hutton Castle were built at the western end of the village by John, Lord Neville in the late fourteenth century.
John Rushton, in his book The Ryedale Story, says of Sheriff Hutton: "Few villages touch national history so closely as Sheriff Hutton, still a real village despite recent growth. Castle ruins dominate the scene and there is fine country never far away".
The parish Church of St Helen and Holy Cross celebrated its ninth centenary in 2000 and is allegedly the only site outside of London where a Prince of Wales is buried. The basis for this story is a memorial to a Prince of Wales inside the parish church. Although there is some doubt, it is believed to be that of Edward of Middleham, Richard III's son, who died in 1484. The memorial is a cenotaph, not a tomb, as the prince was buried elsewhere, and its present position in the north-east corner of the church is not where it was intended to stand. From past records, it would seem that the monument has had several sites within the church. Made of alabaster, it has suffered over the years and during the twentieth century and has been restored several times.
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Shropshire
Shropshire ( /ˈʃrɒpʃər/ or /ˈʃrɒpʃɪər/; alternatively Salop; abbreviated, in print only, Shrops) is a county in the West Midlands region of England. It borders Wales to the west, Cheshire to the north, Staffordshire to the east, Worcestershire to the south-east and Herefordshire to the south. A unitary authority (Shropshire Council) was created on 1 April 2009, taking over from the previous county council and 5 district councils, and covers most of the county. The borough of Telford and Wrekin, included in Shropshire for ceremonial purposes, has been a separate unitary authority since 1998.
The county's population and economy is centred on five towns: the county town of Shrewsbury, which is culturally and historically important and is located in the centre of the county;Telford, a new town in the east which was constructed around a number of older towns, most notably Wellington, Dawley and Madeley, which is today the most populous; and Oswestry in the north-west, Bridgnorth just to the south of Telford, and Ludlow in the south. The county has many further smaller towns, including Whitchurch in the north, Newport just to the north-east of Telford, and Market Drayton in the north-east of the county.
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Skipton
Coordinates: 53°57′43″N 2°01′01″W / 53.962°N 2.017°W / 53.962; -2.017
Skipton (also known as Skipton-in-Craven) is a market town and civil parish within the Craven district of North Yorkshire, England. It is located along the course of both the Leeds and Liverpool Canal and the River Aire, on the south side of the Yorkshire Dales, 16 miles (26 km) northwest of Bradford and 38 miles (61 km) west of York. At the time of the United Kingdom Census 2001, Skipton had a population of 14,313.
Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, Skipton was anciently distinguished by Skipton Castle, first constructed in 1090 as a wooden motte-and-bailey by Robert de Romille, a Norman baron. In the 12th century William le Gros replaced it with a stone keep as a means to repel attacks from the Kingdom of Scotland to the north,[citation needed] the erection of which elevated Skipton from a poor dependent village to a burgh administered by a reve. The protection offered by Skipton Castle during the Middle Ages encouraged the urbanisation of the surrounding area, and during times of war and disorder, attracted an influx of families.
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Skipton Castle
Skipton Castle is situated within the town of Skipton, North Yorkshire, England. The castle has been preserved for over 900 years, built in 1090 by Robert de Romille, a Norman baron.
The castle has stood in Skipton for over 900 years. It was first built as a motte and bailey castle in 1090 by Robert de Romille, a Norman baron. The wooden castle was replaced with a stone keep as it was not strong enough to withstand attacks from the Scots to the north.
In 1310, Edward II granted the castle to Robert Clifford who was appointed Lord Clifford of Skipton and Guardian of Craven. Robert Clifford ordered many improvements to the fortifications but died in the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314 when the improvements were barely complete.
During the English Civil War it was the only Royalist stronghold in the north of England until December 1645. After a three year siege, a surrender was negotiated in 1645 between Oliver Cromwell and the Royalists. Oliver Cromwell ordered the removal of the castle roofs. During the siege local legend has it that the walls were reinforced against cannon fire by hanging sheep fleeces over the sides to deaden the impact from the rounds and that sheep fleeces feature on the towns coat of arms as a result. Skipton remained the Cliffords' principal seat until 1676. Lady Anne Clifford (1590-1676) was the last Clifford to own it. After the three year siege, she ordered repairs and as a commemoration she planted a yew tree in the central courtyard to mark its repair after the English Civil War.
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Somerset
The ceremonial and non-metropolitan county of Somerset (i/ˈsʌmərsɛt/ or /ˈsʌmərsɨt/) in South West England borders Bristol and Gloucestershire to the north, Wiltshire to the east, Dorset to the south-east, and Devon to the south-west. It is partly bounded to the north and west by the Bristol Channel and the estuary of the River Severn. Its traditional northern border is the River Avon, but the administrative boundary has crept southwards with the creation and expansion of the City of Bristol, and latterly the county of Avon and its successor unitary authorities to the north. Somerset's county town, Taunton, is in the south.
Somerset is a rural county of rolling hills such as the Blackdown Hills, Mendip Hills, Quantock Hills and Exmoor National Park, and large flat expanses of land including the Somerset Levels. There is evidence of human occupation from Palaeolithic times, and of subsequent settlement in the Roman and Anglo-Saxon periods. The county played a significant part in the consolidation of power and rise of King Alfred the Great, and later in the English Civil War and the Monmouth Rebellion.
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South Yorkshire
South Yorkshire is a metropolitan county in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England. It has a population of 1.29 million. It consists of four metropolitan boroughs: Barnsley, Doncaster, Rotherham, and City of Sheffield. South Yorkshire was created on 1 April 1974 as a result of the Local Government Act 1972.
Lying on the east side of the Pennines, South Yorkshire is landlocked, and borders Derbyshire (to the south-west), West Yorkshire (to the northwest), North Yorkshire (to the north), the East Riding of Yorkshire (to the northeast), Lincolnshire (to the east) and Nottinghamshire (to the southeast). The Sheffield Urban Area is the ninth most populous conurbation in the UK, and dominates the western half of South Yorkshire with over half of the county's population living within it.
South Yorkshire County Council was abolished in 1986, and so its districts (the metropolitan boroughs) are now effectively unitary authority areas; however, the metropolitan county, which is some 1,552 square kilometres (599 sq mi), continues to exist in law and as a geographic frame of reference. As a ceremonial county, South Yorkshire has a Lord Lieutenant and a High Sheriff.
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Staffordshire
Staffordshire (/ˈstæfərdʃɪər/ or /ˈstæfərdʃaɪər/; abbreviated Staffs) is a landlocked county in the West Midlands region of England. Part of the National Forest lies within its borders. It adjoins the ceremonial counties of Cheshire (to the north west), Derbyshire (to the east), Leicestershire (to the east), Warwickshire (to the south east), West Midlands (to the south), Worcestershire (to the south), and Shropshire (to the west).
The largest city in Staffordshire is Stoke-on-Trent, which is administered separately from the rest of the county as an independent unitary authority. Lichfield also has city status, although this is a considerably smaller cathedral city. Major towns include Stafford (the county town), Burton upon Trent, Cannock, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Leek and Tamworth.
Wolverhampton, Walsall, West Bromwich and Smethwick were also in Staffordshire until local government reorganisation in 1974, but are now within the West Midlands County in the West Midlands Conurbation.
With the exception of Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire is divided into the districts of Cannock Chase, East Staffordshire, Lichfield, Newcastle-under-Lyme, South Staffordshire, Stafford, Staffordshire Moorlands, and Tamworth.
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Stokesley
Coordinates: 54°28′16″N 1°11′26″W / 54.4712°N 1.1905°W / 54.4712; -1.1905
Stokesley is a small market town and civil parish in the Hambleton district of North Yorkshire, England. It lies on the River Leven. Stokesley is located about two miles south of the boundary of the borough of Middlesbrough and ten miles south of Middlesbrough town centre. Stokesley is located between Middlesbrough, Guisborough and Northallerton, in a farming area. Local attractions for visitors include nearby Great Ayton, Captain Cook's monument, Roseberry Topping and the North York Moors.
Stokesley was first granted a charter to hold fairs in 1223 by Henry III. The Pack Horse Bridge, crossing the River Leven from the riverside walk, dates from the 17th century. Renowned for its large range of building types, the latter construction within Stokesley of sundry fine Georgian architecture is thought to have contributed much to its later character. Other prominent historical features around the town include the Mill Wheel, thought to represent the site of a mill recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086. The famous survey, by William the Conqueror, also contained the first written record of "a church and priest" in Stokesley. Its equivalent today, The Church of St Peter and St Paul, is located just off the market Plain and has woodwork carved by the Mouseman of Kilburn.
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Streetlam
Coordinates: 54°23′06″N 1°31′22″W / 54.38506°N 1.52287°W / 54.38506; -1.52287
Streetlam is a hamlet in the Hambleton district of North Yorkshire, England, located 6 miles (9.7 km) northwest of Northallerton. The population fluctuates around 25. Streetlam is situated in a largely flat area of farmland in the Vale of York, which is a low lying area of ground that extends about 40 miles from north to south in between two hilly national parks to the west and the east. Streetlam is 174 miles (280 km) south of Edinburgh and is 240 miles (387 km) north of London.
The hilly and low mountainous areas of land around Streetlam are called the Pennines and the North York Moors. The Pennines and North York Moors can be seen in the distance to the west and east of Streetlam respectively. The main local industry is farming; however, there are many people in Streetlam and the immediate surrounding area who base themselves locally and commute to work in neighbouring population centres including Northallerton, Darlington and Teesside. Due to the small population in Streetlam there is a lack of public facilities. Streetlam has a working BT telephone box, a Royal Mail post box with daily 4 pm collections and a notice board. Residents travel the short distance to neighbouring towns, most notably Northallerton, Darlington and Richmond to run errands.
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Studley Royal Park
Coordinates: 54°6′58″N 1°34′23″W / 54.11611°N 1.57306°W / 54.11611; -1.57306
Studley Royal including the ruins of Fountains Abbey is a designated World Heritage Site in North Yorkshire, England. The site, which has an area of 323 hectares (800 acres) features an 18th century landscaped garden, some of the largest Cistercian ruins in Europe, a Jacobean mansion and a Victorian church designed by William Burges. It was developed around the ruins of the Cistercian Fountains Abbey.
Fountains Abbey was founded in 1132 by Benedictine monks who left St Mary's Abbey, York to follow the Cistercian order. After the dissolution of the monasteries in 1539 by Henry VIII, the Abbey buildings and over 500 acres (200 ha) of land were sold by the Crown to Sir Richard Gresham, a merchant. The property was passed down through several generations of Sir Richard's family, then sold to Stephen Proctor who built Fountains Hall probably between 1598 and 1604. The hall is a Jacobean mansion, built partly with stone from the Abbey ruins. Fountains Abbey mill is the only 12th-century Cistercian cornmill left in the UK and the oldest 'intact' building on the estate.
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Stump Cross Caverns
Stump Cross Caverns is a limestone cave system between Wharfedale and Nidderdale in North Yorkshire, England.
The caverns at Stump Cross are located beneath Greenhow hill, 1275 metres above sea level. Their name was taken from Stump Cross, which in ancient times marked the limit of Knaresborough Forest. The area above the caves consists largely of moorland, the nearest towns being Pateley Bridge and Grassington. One mile of the caves have been open to the public for many years, although the entire system is much more extensive than the show caves, extending more than 4 miles (6 km). It has not yet been fully explored.
The system is located in a region of limestone extending from Wharfedale to Greenhow and the Craven Fault.Lead has been mined in the region since the era of the Roman empire.
The caves are thought to have been formed around 500000 years ago, although the process by which they were created began during a much earlier period in which the region was covered by ocean. They were discovered in January 1860 by William and Mark Newbould, who were amongst a group of miners prospecting for lead veins in the Yorkshire Dales. Some sources have given the date of their discovery as 1858. By 1867 1100 yards of the caves had been explored.
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Suffolk
Suffolk ( /ˈsʌfək/) is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in East Anglia, England. It has borders with Norfolk to the north, Cambridgeshire to the west and Essex to the south. The North Sea lies to the east. The county town is Ipswich; other important towns include Lowestoft, Bury St Edmunds and Felixstowe, one of the largest container ports in Europe. It is one of the few counties in the United Kingdom that does not contain a city.
The county is low-lying with very few hills, and is largely arable land with the wetlands of The Broads in the North. The Suffolk Coast and Heaths are an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
By the 5th century the Angles, after whom East Anglia and England itself are named, had established control of the region and later became the "north folk" and the "south folk", hence, "Norfolk" and "Suffolk". Suffolk, and several adjacent areas, became the kingdom of East Anglia, which was settled by the Angles in the 5th century AD, later merging with Mercia and then Wessex.
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Surrey
Surrey /ˈsʌri/ is a county in the South East of England, and one of the home counties. The county borders Greater London, Kent, East Sussex, West Sussex, Hampshire, and Berkshire. The historic county town is Guildford.Surrey County Council sits at Kingston upon Thames, although this has been part of Greater London since 1965. The London boroughs of Lambeth, Wandsworth and Southwark were considered part of Surrey until 1889; and Croydon, Kingston, Merton, Sutton, Barnes and Richmond - all now reclassified as part of Greater London - were part of Surrey until 1965.
Surrey is divided into 11 boroughs and districts: Elmbridge, Epsom and Ewell, Guildford, Mole Valley, Reigate and Banstead, Runnymede, Spelthorne, Surrey Heath, Tandridge, Waverley, Woking. After the elections of 1 May 2008, the Conservatives are in control of 10 out of 11 councils in Surrey, with Epsom and Ewell in Residents Association control. The Conservatives hold all 11 Parliamentary constituencies within the county borders.
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Tadcaster
Coordinates: 53°53′07″N 1°15′43″W / 53.8852°N 1.2620°W / 53.8852; -1.2620
Tadcaster is a market town and civil parish in the Selby district of North Yorkshire, England. Lying near the Great North Road approximately 15 miles (24 km) east of Leeds and 10 miles (16 km) west of York. It is the last town on the River Wharfe before it joins the River Ouse about 10 miles (16 km) downstream. It is part of the shire county of North Yorkshire, despite being further south than York, the traditional centre of Yorkshire and thus historically in the West Riding.
The town is twinned with Saint Chély d'Apcher in France.
For local government purposes, the River Wharfe divides the town into eastern and western electoral wards. The combined population of Tadcaster East and Tadcaster West in 2004 was 7,280, 3,800 in Tadcaster East and 3,480 in Tadcaster West (source: Office of National Statistics). The local authority is Selby District Council.
Tadcaster gave its name to a much larger rural district council, Tadcaster Rural District and other administrative areas. This may lead to confusion when comparing the size and extent of the current town with information for earlier periods. For example the population in 1911 of the Tadcaster sub-district was 6831 compared with that of the Tadcaster Registration District, 32052 (source: A Vision of Britain through time).
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Teesdale
Coordinates: 54°32′42″N 1°55′37″W / 54.545°N 1.927°W / 54.545; -1.927
Teesdale is a dale, or valley, of the east side of the Pennines in England. Large parts of Teesdale fall within the North Pennines Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) - the second largest AONB in England and Wales. The River Tees rises below Cross Fell, the highest hill (2930 feet O.D.) in the Pennines, and its uppermost valley is remote and high. The local climate was scientifically classified as "Sub-Arctic" and snow has sometimes lain on Cross Fell into June (there is an alpine ski area Yad Moss).
Unusually for the Pennines, rock of volcanic origin, the Whin Sill contributes to the surface geology and scenery of Teesdale. Around 295 million years ago upwelling magma spread through fissures and between strata in the earlier Carboniferous limestone country rock.
Economic deposits in Llandovery rocks include slate pencils.
More recently, Ice Age glacial activity shaped the valley, and much of the pre-glacial river course is now buried beneath glacial drift.
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Teesville
Coordinates: 54°33′54″N 1°09′47″W / 54.565°N 1.163°W / 54.565; -1.163
Teesville is an area in the Middlesbrough agglomeration in the north east of England, and part of the Unitary Authority of Redcar and Cleveland and in the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire. It has a population of approximately 7,000 residents. It is between South Bank and the River Tees, to the north, and Normanby, Eston and the Eston Hills, commanding an excellent view of the monument at Eston Nab, to the south.
Teesville has the distinction of being the home of Redcar and Cleveland's town hall. The building departs from the neo-gothic norms of town halls in the region, presenting with a more modern 1960's design.
Eston Park School is one of two secondary schools on the same site as the town hall. It is a Business & Enterprise College. Gillbrook College is the other secondary school on the same site. It opened in 1955 as Eston Grammar School and is now an Arts College. Gillbrook College moved into a new building in 2008, owned by the government backed Building Schools for the Future project. Both schools are due to amalgamate and use the Gillbrook College building.
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Thirsk
Coordinates: 54°13′57″N 1°20′35″W / 54.23256°N 1.34293°W / 54.23256; -1.34293
Thirsk is a small market town and civil parish in the Hambleton district of North Yorkshire, England. The parish has a population of 4,703 according to the 2001 Census. Thirsk is a popular tourist destination, known for the Thirsk Racecourse, the North York Moors, and as the home of author James Herriot.
The town is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1089 as Tresche, derived from the Viking (Old Norse) word þresk = "marsh". It is surrounded by a number of villages also having names of Danish origin, such as Thirlby, Boltby, Borrowby and Sowerby (the -by suffix (Danish in origin) meaning village or farmstead).
Thomas Lord, who founded Lord's Cricket Ground in London, was born in a house which now houses the Thirsk Museum. Another local attraction is the Kilburn White Horse, a chalk horse carved into the hillside about four miles (6 km) east of the town in 1857.
Thirsk's chief modern claim to fame is as the home of the veterinary surgeon and author James Herriot, although it was renamed "Darrowby" in the books. The veterinary practice at 23 Kirkgate, in which he was a partner along with Donald Sinclair (Siegfried Farnon in the books) now houses a museum dedicated to his life and works, The World of James Herriot.
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Thirsk Racecourse
Thirsk Racecourse is a thoroughbred horse racing venue located in Thirsk, North Yorkshire, England. The course is a left handed oval of about 1m2f with a 3f finishing straight and a 6f chute. The present course opened in 1923, but racing had taken place on the old course over 200 years earlier.
The main road from Ripon to Thirsk runs past the course, and it is very popular with northern trainers.
In 1940 it staged the war-time substitute St. Leger.
Coordinates: 54°13′56.16″N 1°21′26.72″W / 54.2322667°N 1.3574222°W / 54.2322667; -1.3574222
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Thornborough Henges
The Thornborough Henges is an unusual ancient monument complex that includes the three aligned henges that give the site its name. The complex is located near the village of Thornborough, close to the town of Masham in North Yorkshire, England. The complex includes many large ancient structures including a cursus, henges, burial grounds and settlements. They are thought to have been part of a Neolithic and Bronze Age 'ritual landscape' comparable with Salisbury Plain and date from between 3500 and 2500 BC. This monument complex has been called 'The Stonehenge of the North' and has been described by English Heritage as the most important ancient site between Stonehenge and the Orkney Islands[citation needed].
The cursus is the oldest and largest ancient monument at Thornborough. It is almost a mile in extent and runs from Thornborough Village, under the (later) central henge and terminates close to the River Ure in a broadly east/west alignment.
Cursuses are perhaps the most enigmatic of ancient monuments. They typically comprise two parallel ditches, the larger of which can be a mile or more in extent, cut to create a "cigar shaped" enclosure. Typically, burial mounds and mortuary enclosures are found alongside cursus monuments indicating that they probably had a ceremonial function.
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Tyne and Wear
Tyne and Wear /ˌtaɪn ənd ˈwɪər/ is a metropolitan county in north east England around the mouths of the Rivers Tyne and Wear. It came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. It consists of the five metropolitan boroughs of South Tyneside, North Tyneside, City of Newcastle upon Tyne, Gateshead and the City of Sunderland.
Prior to reforms in 1974, the territory comprising the county of Tyne and Wear straddled the border between the counties of Northumberland and County Durham. North Tyneside and Newcastle upon Tyne had previously existed within of Northumberland, whereas South Tyneside, Gateshead and Sunderland were all previously within the borders of County Durham, with the River Tyne forming the border of the two counties.
Tyne and Wear is bounded on the east by the North Sea, and as a ceremonial county, shares borders with Northumberland to the north and County Durham to the south.
Tyne and Wear County Council was abolished in 1986, and so its districts (the metropolitan boroughs) are now unitary authorities. However, the metropolitan county continues to exist in law and as a geographic frame of reference.
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Vale of Mowbray
Coordinates: 54°20′31″N 1°26′06″W / 54.342°N 1.435°W / 54.342; -1.435 The Vale of Mowbray (sometimes mistakenly referred to as the Vale of York) is a stretch of low lying land between the North Yorkshire Moors and the Hambleton Hills to the east and the Yorkshire Dales to the west. To the north lie the Tees Valley lowlands and to the south the Vale of Mowbray becomes the Vale of York proper.
The Vale of Mowbray is distinguishable from the Vale of York by its meandering rivers and more undulating landscape.
The main characteristic of the vale of Mowbray is the fertile agricultural land used for crops and permanent grassland, though isolated pockets of woodland remain. The roads in the Vale of Mowbray are characteristically contained by low hedges with wide verges. The villages are often linear following the major through road, the houses are generally brick built with pantile roofs.
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Vale of Pickering
The Vale of Pickering is a low-lying flat area of land in North Yorkshire, England. It is drained by the River Derwent. The landscape is rural with scattered villages and small market towns. It has been inhabited continuously from the Mesolithic period. The present economy is largely agricultural with light industry and tourism playing an increasing role.
The Vale of Pickering is a low-lying plain, orientated in an east-west direction. It is well defined by the Yorkshire Wolds escarpment to the south, the Corallian limestone foothills of the North York Moors to the north, the North Sea coast to the east and the Howardian Hills to the west. The east west orientated main roads (A64 and A170) in the vale follow the shoreline of the glacial lake, which formed in the vale after the last ice age. The main A169 road crosses the vale in a north-south direction, joining the market towns of Malton and Pickering. At the eastern edge of the vale the A165 carries traffic along a north-south coastal route through Scarborough. The main line railway crosses the eastern part of the vale from south to north west linking Malton to Scarborough and the east coast rail line links Scarborough to Filey, and Bridlington. There is a heritage railway from Pickering to Grosmont with connections to Whitby, which operates steam and old diesel engines in the tourist seasons. Administratively, the Vale of Pickering lies largely in the Ryedale District Council area with a smaller area to the east lying in Scarborough District.
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Warwickshire
Warwickshire (i/ˈwɒrɨkʃər/ or /ˈwɒrɨkʃɪər/) is a landlocked non-metropolitan county in the West Midlands region of England. The county town is Warwick, although the largest town is Nuneaton. The county is famous for being the birthplace of William Shakespeare and George Elliot. Commonly used abbreviations for the county are Warks or Warwicks.
The five districts of North Warwickshire, Nuneaton & Bedworth, Rugby, Warwick and Stratford-on-Avon together form the Warwickshire County Council area, and are within the 1974 boundaries. The shape of the administrative area of Warwickshire differs considerably from that of the historic county, which also includes the now autonomous unitary authorities of Coventry and Solihull, as well as a small area around central and northeast Birmingham.
For Eurostat purposes it is a NUTS 3 region (code UKG13) and is one of three counties that comprise the "Herefordshire, Worcestershire and Warwickshire" NUTS 2 region.
Warwickshire is bounded to the north-west by the West Midlands metropolitan county and Staffordshire, by Leicestershire to the north-east, Northamptonshire to the east, Worcestershire to the west, Oxfordshire to the south and Gloucestershire to the south-west. The northern tip of the county is only 3 miles (5 km) from the Derbyshire border. An average-sized English county covering an area of almost 2,000 km2, it runs some 60 miles (97 km) north to south.
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Wensleydale
Wensleydale is the valley (dale) of the River Ure on the east side of the Pennines in North Yorkshire, England.
Wensleydale lies in the Yorkshire Dales National Park – one of only a few valleys in the Dales not currently named after its principal river, but the older name, "Yoredale", can still be seen on some maps and as the Yoredale Series of geological strata. The village name 'Wensley' is a derivative of Woden's ley, or meadow of the pagan god Woden, while the valley itself takes its name from the village which was formerly a market town. The valley is famous for its cheese, with the main commercial production at Hawes.
Wensleydale was the home of one of Yorkshire's most famous clans, the Metcalfes, after they emigrated from Dentdale. The Metcalfe Society hold records dating back to Metcalfes living in the area during the 14th century. They were one of the most prominent families in Yorkshire for over five centuries. Sir James Metcalfe (1389–1472), who was born and lived in Wensleydale, was a captain in the army which fought with King Henry V in the battle of Agincourt in 1415. Metcalfe is still one of the most common surnames in Yorkshire.
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Wensleydale Railway
Coordinates: 54°17′35″N 1°44′53″W / 54.293°N 1.748°W / 54.293; -1.748
The Wensleydale Railway is a railway line in Wensleydale and Lower Swaledale in North Yorkshire, England and the name of the company (Wensleydale Railway plc) that operates services on the line.
The line currently runs 22 miles (35 km) between Northallerton on the East Coast Main Line and Redmire. This makes the line the second longest heritage railway in Great Britain. Occasional freight services and excursions travel the full length of the line, however regular passenger services currently only operate between Leeming Bar and Redmire, a distance of 16.5 miles (27 km).
The line formerly ran from Northallerton to Garsdale on the Settle-Carlisle Railway. However, the track between Redmire and Garsdale has been lifted and several bridges and viaducts demolished.
There are plans to provide regular services between Leeming Bar and Northallerton and to re-open the section between Redmire and Garsdale (though the latter would require much restoration and is likely to be done in stages). This would recreate 40 miles (64 km) of track between Northallerton and Garsdale and make it the largest private railway in Europe.
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West Sussex
West Sussex is a county in the south of England, bordering East Sussex (with Brighton and Hove), Hampshire and Surrey. The county of Sussex has been divided into East and West since the 12th century, and obtained separate county councils in 1888, but it remained a single ceremonial county until 1974 and the coming into force of the Local Government Act 1972. At the same time the Mid Sussex region (including Haywards Heath, Burgess Hill and East Grinstead) was transferred from East Sussex.
West Sussex has a wide range of scenery, including Wealden, Downland and coastal. It has a number of stately homes including Goodwood, Petworth House and Uppark and also castles such as Arundel Castle and Bramber Castle. Over half the county is protected countryside, offering walking, cycling and other recreational opportunities for visitors and residents alike.
Chichester is the county town of West Sussex, and the highest point of the county is Black Down, at 280 metres (919 ft, grid reference SU919296).
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West Yorkshire
West Yorkshire is a metropolitan county within the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England with a population of 2.2 million. West Yorkshire came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972.
West Yorkshire, which is landlocked, consists of five metropolitan boroughs (City of Bradford, Calderdale, Kirklees, City of Leeds and City of Wakefield) and shares borders with the counties of Derbyshire (to the south), Greater Manchester (to the south-west), Lancashire (to the north-west), North Yorkshire (to the north and east) and South Yorkshire (to the south-east).
West Yorkshire County Council was abolished in 1986, and so its districts (the metropolitan boroughs) are now effectively unitary authorities. However, the metropolitan county, which covers an area of 2,029 square kilometres (783 sq mi), continues to exist in law, and as a geographic frame of reference.
West Yorkshire encompasses the West Yorkshire Urban Area, which is the most built-up and biggest urban area within the historic county boundaries of Yorkshire.
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Westow
Coordinates: 54°04′39″N 0°50′58″W / 54.0775°N 0.84933°W / 54.0775; -0.84933
Westow is a country village and civil parish in the Ryedale district of the county of North Yorkshire, England. The village has a population of around 300.
Westow is situated in the lee of Spy Hill, part of the Howardian Hills, an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, 3 miles (4.8 km) from the A64 road linking Leeds to the East Coast, 5 miles (8 km) west of the market town Malton, and 15 miles (24 km) east from the city of York.
The village has deep associations with agriculture and is surrounded by a traditional, diverse farming landscape, much of it estate owned and managed. The village has views to the North Yorkshire Moors National Park to the east, and the Yorkshire Wolds to the south.
Westow has an active village cricket team with a strong family tradition. Records show the team existed as far back as 1875. Lands around Westow are also the setting for traditional, seasonal field sports which provide income to the local agricultural community and serve as social events. The Middleton Hunt covers the area and is well subscribed. Neighbouring villages are Crambe, Whitwell-on-the-Hill, Welburn, Howsham, Leavening and Burythorpe.
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Whale Hill
Coordinates: 54°33′54″N 1°08′12″W / 54.565°N 1.1367°W / 54.565; -1.1367
Whale Hill is an area of Eston, England, in the unitary authority of Redcar and Cleveland. Lying at at the foot of the Cleveland Hills, it is part of the Middlesbrough agglomeration.
The neighbourood has a population of around 1,500 people, with a mix of age-groups living in private and social housing.
The suburb also benefits from a local private members' club, which within the past year has seen mass improvement in the appearance to match the rest of the town.
From March 2012 the town has had new shops built and an extension to the park and gardens. And the purpose built community centre has also had a make over.
The local community centre, built in the 1970s, is a helping hand for the community. They have also raised large amounts of money, and have helped make the towns appearance win awards, with the local roundabout has been upgraded with a centrepiece of three whales swimming together and large flower bed around. They have also raised money to build a large community park, and are still raising money to expand and improve this.
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Wharram Percy
Wharram Percy is a deserted medieval village (DMV) site on the western edge of the chalk Wolds in North Yorkshire, England. The site is about one mile south of Wharram-le-Street and is clearly signposted from the B1248 Beverley to Malton road. grid reference SE858646.
Wharram Percy is perhaps the best-known DMV in the whole of England, although there are several others which are in a similarly good state of preservation. The reason for its celebrity is that it was researched each summer by combined teams of archaeologists, historians and even botanists, from circa 1950 to 1990 following its identification in 1948 by Professor Maurice Beresford of the University of Leeds. It is mentioned in the 1086 Domesday Book as Warran or Warron.
Although the site has apparently been settled since pre-historic times, the village seems to have been most active from the tenth to the twelfth centuries. The Black Death of 1348–49 does not seem to have played a significant part in the desertion of Wharram Percy although the large fall in population in the country as a whole at that time must have made relocation to a less remote spot more likely. The villagers of Wharram Percy seem to have suffered instead from changes in prices and wages in the 15th century, which gave pastoral farming (particularly of sheep) an advantage over traditional cereal farming. The village was finally abandoned in the early 16th century when the lord of the manor turned out the last few families and knocked down their homes to make room for extra sheep pasturage.
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Whitby
Coordinates: 54°29′09″N 0°37′14″W / 54.4858°N 0.6206°W / 54.4858; -0.6206
Whitby is a seaside town, port and civil parish in the Scarborough borough of North Yorkshire, England. Situated on the east coast of Yorkshire at the mouth of the River Esk, Whitby has a combined maritime, mineral and tourist heritage, and is home to the ruins of Whitby Abbey where Caedmon, the earliest English poet, lived. The fishing port emerged during the Middle Ages and developed important herring and whaling fleets, and was where Captain Cook learned seamanship. Tourism started in Whitby in Georgian times and developed with the coming of the railway in 1839. Tourist interest is enhanced by its location surrounded by the high ground of the North York Moors national park and heritage coastline and by association with the horror novel Dracula. Jet and alum were mined locally, and Whitby jet, which was mined by the Romans and Victorians became fashionable during the 19th century.
The earliest record of a permanent settlement is in 656, when Streonshal, was the place where Oswy, the Christian king of Northumbria, founded the first abbey, under the abbess, Hilda. The Synod of Whitby was held there in 664. In 867, the monastery was destroyed by Viking raiders, and was re-founded in 1078. It was in this period that the town gained its current name, Whitby, (from "white settlement" in Old Norse). In the following centuries Whitby functioned as a fishing settlement until, in the 18th century, it developed as a port and centre for shipbuilding and whaling, trade in locally mined alum and the manufacture of Whitby jet jewellery.
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Whitby Abbey
Whitby Abbey is a ruined Benedictine abbey overlooking the North Sea on the East Cliff above Whitby in North Yorkshire, England. It was disestablished during the Dissolution of the Monasteries under the auspices of Henry VIII. It is a Grade I Listed building in the care of English Heritage and its site museum is housed in Cholmley House.
The first monastery was founded in 657 AD by the Anglo-Saxon era King of Northumbria, Oswy (Oswiu) as Streoneshalh (the older name for Whitby). He appointed Lady Hilda, abbess of Hartlepool Abbey and niece of Edwin the first Christian king of Northumbria, as founding abbess. The name Streoneshalh is thought to signify Fort Bay or Tower Bay in reference to a supposed Roman settlement that previously existed on the site. This contention has never been proven though and alternate theories have been proposed, such as the name meaning Streona's settlement. Some believe that the name referred to Eadric Streona, but this is highly unlikely due to chronological considerations: Streona died in 1017 so the naming of Streoneshalh would have preceded his birth by several hundred years.
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Wiltshire
Wiltshire ( /ˈwɪltʃər/ or /ˈwɪltʃɪər/, formerly /ˈwɪlʃər/; or the County of Wilts) is a ceremonial county in South West England. It is landlocked and borders the counties of Dorset, Somerset, Hampshire, Gloucestershire, Oxfordshire and Berkshire. It contains the unitary authority of Swindon and covers 3,485 km2 (1,346 square miles). The ancient county town was Wilton, but since 1930 Wiltshire County Council and its successor Wiltshire Council (from 2009) have been based at Trowbridge.
Wiltshire is characterised by its high downland and wide valleys. Salisbury Plain is famous as the location of the Stonehenge and Avebury stone circles and other ancient landmarks and as the main training area in the UK of the British Army. The city of Salisbury is notable for its mediaeval cathedral. Important country houses open to the public include Longleat, near Warminster, and the National Trust's Stourhead, near Mere.
The county, in the 9th century written as Wiltunscir, later Wiltonshire, is named after the former county town of Wilton, itself named after the river Wylye, one of eight rivers which drain the county.
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Wintringham
Coordinates: 54°08′44″N 0°38′55″W / 54.14563°N 0.64848°W / 54.14563; -0.64848
Wintringham is a village and civil parish in the Ryedale district of North Yorkshire, England. It is near the A64 road and 6 miles (9.7 km) east of Malton.
The Yorkshire Wolds Way National Trail and the Centenary Way, long distance footpaths pass through the village. The vanished hamlet of Linton in the southeast of Wintringham parish was probably the birthplace of Lady Margaret Hoby, author of the earliest extant diary of a woman in English.
Media related to Wintringham at Wikimedia Commons
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Worcestershire
Worcestershire (i/ˈwʊstərʃər/ WUUS-tər-shər or /ˈwʊstərʃɪər/ WUUS-tər-sheer ; abbreviated Worcs) is a non-metropolitan county in the West Midlands of England. In 1974, it merged with the neighbouring county of Herefordshire to form Hereford and Worcester. This was divided in 1998, re-establishing Worcestershire as a county. The Malvern Hills forms the east–west border between the two counties, with the exception of West Malvern in Worcestershire.
The county borders Herefordshire, Shropshire, Staffordshire, West Midlands, Warwickshire and Gloucestershire. To the west, the county is bordered by the Malvern Hills and the spa town of Malvern. The southern part of the county is bordered by Gloucestershire and the northern edge of the Cotswolds; to the east is Warwickshire. There are two major rivers flowing through the county, the Severn and the Avon.
The cathedral city of Worcester is the largest settlement and administrative seat of the county, which includes the principal settlements of Bromsgrove, Stourport-on-Severn, Droitwich, Evesham, Kidderminster, Malvern, and the largest town, Redditch, and a number of smaller towns such as Pershore, Tenbury Wells and Upton upon Severn. The north of the county includes part of the industrial West Midlands conurbation while the south of the county is largely rural. The average salary is £20,300.
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Yarm
Coordinates: 54°30′18″N 1°20′53″W / 54.505°N 1.348°W / 54.505; -1.348
Yarm is a small town and civil parish in the borough of Stockton-on-Tees in North East England. It is on the south bank of the River Tees and for ceremonial purposes is in the county of North Yorkshire. The bridge at Yarm marked the furthest reach of tidal flow up the River Tees until the opening, in 1995, of the Tees Barrage, which now regulates river flow above Stockton. As the last bridge on the river before the sea, it was superseded by the a new toll bridge opened in Stockton in 1771. The oldest part of the town, around the High Street, is situated in a loop of the river and the newer parts of the town extend to the point where the River Leven meets the River Tees.
The name of the town is thought to be derived from the Old Norse word yarum meaning an enclosure to catch fish or from the Old English gearum with the same meaning. Yarm was first mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 and was originally a chapelry in the Kirklevington parish in the North Riding of Yorkshire; it later became a parish in its own right.
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Yedingham
Coordinates: 54°12′13″N 0°37′57″W / 54.203545°N 0.632636°W / 54.203545; -0.632636
Yedingham is a village halfway between West Knapton and Allerston, 9 miles north east of Malton.
The village name is thought to mean 'Homestead of Eada and his people'
There is a small Church dedicated to St John the Baptist and the River Derwent flows through to the north of the village. The original bridge crossing the Derwent was built in 1731. This was replaced by the current bridge built in 1970.
The village hall can be found next to The Providence, a public house.
To the north of the village lies the remains of a Benedictine priory. This was home to Benedictine nuns from 1163-1539.
Media related to Yedingham at Wikimedia Commons
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York
York (locali/ˈjɔːk/) is a walled city, situated at the confluence of the Rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England. The city has a rich heritage and has provided the backdrop to major political events throughout much of its two millennia of existence. The city offers a wealth of historic attractions, of which York Minster is the most prominent, and a variety of cultural and sporting activities.
The city was founded by the Romans in 71 AD, under the name of Eboracum. It became in turn the capital of the Roman province of Britannia Inferior, and of the kingdoms of Northumbria and Jorvik. In the Middle Ages, York grew as a major wool trading centre and became the capital of the northern ecclesiastical province of the Church of England, a role it has retained.
In the 19th century York became a hub of the railway network and a confectionery manufacturing centre. In recent decades, the economy of York has moved from being dominated by its confectionery and railway-related industries to one that provides services. The University of York and health services have become major employers, whilst tourism has become an important element of the local economy.
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York Minster
York Minster is a cathedral in York, England and is one of the largest of its kind in Northern Europe. The minster is the seat of the Archbishop of York, the second-highest office of the Church of England and is the cathedral for the Diocese of York; it is run by a dean and chapter under the Dean of York. The formal title of York Minster is "The Cathedral and Metropolitical Church of St Peter in York". The title "minster" is attributed to churches established in the Anglo Saxon period as missionary teaching churches, and serves now as an honorific title. Services in the minster are sometimes regarded as on the High Church or Anglo-Catholic end of the Anglican continuum.
The minster has a very wide Decorated Gothic nave and chapter house, a Perpendicular Gothic choir and east end and Early English north and south transepts. The nave contains the West Window, constructed in 1338, and over the Lady Chapel in the east end is the Great East Window, (finished in 1408), the largest expanse of medieval stained glass in the world. In the north transept is the Five Sisters Window, each lancet being over 16 metres (52 ft) high. The south transept contains a famous rose window.
wn.com/York_Minster -
York railway station
York railway station is a main-line railway station in the city of York, England. It lies on the East Coast Main Line (ECML) 188.5 miles (303 km) north of London's King's Cross station towards Edinburgh's Waverley Station. Originally it was part of the North Eastern Railway.
York is one of the most important railway junction stations on the British railway network, approximately halfway between Edinburgh to London Kings Cross. It is also a few miles north of the point where the Cross Country and Trans-Pennine routes via Leeds leave the ECML. The junction was historically a major site for rolling stock manufacture, maintenance and repair.
The first York railway station was a temporary wooden building on Queen Street outside the walls of the city, opened in 1839 by the York and North Midland Railway. It was succeeded in 1841, inside the walls, by what is now York old railway station. In due course, the irksome requirement that through trains between London and Newcastle needed to reverse out of the old York station in order to continue their journey necessitated the construction of a new through station outside the walls. This was the present station, designed by the North Eastern Railway architects Thomas Prosser and William Peachey, which opened in 1877. It had 13 platforms and was at that time the largest station in the world. As part of the new station project, the Royal Station Hotel (now The Royal York Hotel), designed by Peachey, opened in 1878.
wn.com/York_railway_station -
Yorkshire
Yorkshire (/ˈjɔːkʃə/) is a historic county of Northern England and the largest in the United Kingdom. Due to its great size in comparison to other English counties, functions have been increasingly undertaken over time by its subdivisions, which have also been subject to periodic reform. Throughout these changes, Yorkshire has continued to be recognised as a geographical territory and cultural region. The name is familiar and well understood across the United Kingdom and is in common use in the media and the military, and also features in the titles of current areas of civil administration, such as North Yorkshire, South Yorkshire, West Yorkshire and East Riding of Yorkshire. The county's name is commonly abbreviated as Yorks.
Within the borders of the historic county of Yorkshire are areas which are widely considered to be among the greenest in England, due to the vast stretches of unspoiled countryside in the Yorkshire Dales and North York Moors and to the open aspect of some of the major cities. Yorkshire has sometimes been nicknamed God's Own County. The emblem of Yorkshire is the white rose of the English royal House of York, and the most commonly used flag representative of Yorkshire is the White Rose on a dark blue background, which after years of use, was recognised by the Flag Institute on 29 July 2008.Yorkshire Day, held on 1 August, is a celebration of the general culture of Yorkshire, ranging from its history to its own dialect.
wn.com/Yorkshire -
Yorkshire Air Museum
The Yorkshire Air Museum & Allied Air Forces Memorial, (RAF Elvington airfield during the World War II), is an air museum in England. The museum was founded, and first opened to the public, in the early 1980s.
The Yorkshire Air Museum & Allied Air Forces Memorial is the largest independent air museum in Britain and is located on the former World War II, Station near York. It is the most original WWll RAF Bomber Command station open to the public and the only base used by French Heavy Bomber Squadrons during the war (346 'Guyenne' & 347 'Tunisie'. They were preceded by No. 77 Squadron RAF. It is also the only allied air forces memorial in Europe. The Museum has a good international reputation and profile with established branches in Canada and France and is supported by over 4000 registered “friends” across the world.
The Vice President of the Museum is Chief of the Air Staff, Air Chief Marshal Sir Stephen Dalton KCB, BSc, FRAes, DCMI, RAF.
The Museum's principal activity is in education and the history of flight, through which it is involved with aerospace manufacturers and organisations via its long term "Reach for the Sky" project which in 2008 delivered the first KS2 History of Aviation educational resource book to all 26,000 primary schools in UK, supported by RAeS and the Ministry of Transport.
wn.com/Yorkshire_Air_Museum -
Yorkshire Dales
The Yorkshire Dales is the name given to an upland area in Northern England.
The area lies within the county boundaries of historic Yorkshire, though it spans the ceremonial counties of North Yorkshire, West Yorkshire and Cumbria. Most of the area falls within the Yorkshire Dales National Park, created in 1954, and now one of the fifteen National parks of Britain, but the term also includes areas to the east of the National Park, notably Nidderdale.
The Dales is a collection of river valleys and the hills among them, rising from the Vale of York westwards to the hilltops of the main Pennine watershed. In some places the area extends westwards across the watershed, but most of the valleys drain eastwards to the Vale of York, into the Ouse and then the Humber.
The word dale comes from the Nordic/Germanic word for valley (dal, tal), and occurs in valley names across Yorkshire and Northern England. but the name Yorkshire Dales is generally used to refer specifically to the dales west of the Vale of York and north of the West Yorkshire Urban Area. The Yorkshire Dales is served by its own radio station, Fresh Radio, which broadcasts programmes from studio bases in Skipton and Richmond.
wn.com/Yorkshire_Dales
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Ampleforth College
Coordinates: 54°12′06″N 1°05′02″W / 54.201770°N 1.083910°W / 54.201770; -1.083910
Ampleforth College is a coeducational independent day and boarding school in the village of Ampleforth, North Yorkshire, England. It opened in 1802 as a boys' school, and is run by the Benedictine monks and lay staff of Ampleforth Abbey.
The school is situated in a valley with sports pitches, wooded areas and lakes. There are three lakes remaining of the original five constructed by the Fairfax family centuries ago. The middle lake is stocked with trout (mainly brown and rainbow, although the occasional blue back has been seen).
Its affiliated preparatory school, St Martin's Ampleforth, is located across the valley at Gilling Castle.
The college began as a small school for 70 boys founded by Benedictine monks at Ampleforth Abbey in 1802. The school formally constituted as a Roman Catholic boarding school in 1900. Various buildings were slowly added, including the school theatre which was built in 1909. The first boarding houses were founded in 1926 to accommodate the growing pupil numbers.
wn.com/Ampleforth_College -
Anne McIntosh
Anne Caroline Ballingall McIntosh (born 20 September 1954) is a Conservative Party politician in the United Kingdom. She is the Member of Parliament (MP) for the Thirsk and Malton constituency, having previously been MP for Vale of York from 1997 to 2010, and a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 1989 to 1999.
Born in Edinburgh, the daughter of a Scottish doctor father and Danish mother, Anne McIntosh was educated at the Harrogate Ladies College in North Yorkshire and at the University of Edinburgh where she was a law graduate in 1977, gaining an LLB. She also studied at the University of Aarhus in the Jutland region of Denmark.
In 1978, she became a trainee at the European Community (EEC) Competition Directorate, before joining Didier and Associates in Brussels in 1979 as a legal advisor. She trained for the Scottish Bar in Edinburgh from 1980, being admitted to the Faculty of Advocates in June 1982. She worked as an advocate with the Community Law Office in Brussels, before becoming a political advisor to the European Democrats group in the European Parliament in 1983 until 1989.
wn.com/Anne_McIntosh -
Deira
Deira (Old English: Derenrice (Scandinavian: Deren Riket; Germanic Deren Reich) or Dere) was a kingdom in Northern England during the 6th century AD. It extended from the Humber to the Tees, and from the sea to the western edge of the Vale of York. It later merged with the kingdom of Bernicia to the north to form the kingdom of Northumbria.
The name of the kingdom is of Brythonic origin, perhaps from Deifr, meaning "waters", or from Daru, meaning "oak", in which case it would mean "the people of the Derwent", a derivation also found in the Latin name for Malton, Derventio.
According to Simeon of Durham it extended from the Humber to the Tyne, but the land was waste north of the Tees. After the Brythonic kingdom centered around Eboracum, which may have been called Ebrauc, was taken by Edwin, the city of Eboracum became its capital and was called Eoforwic (boar-place) by the Angles. Before this it is likely that the capital would have been at or near Pocklington.
The first Deiran Anglian king of whom we have any record is Ælla, who flourished in the later 6th century after conquering the realm from the Britons in 581. After his death, Deira was subject to king Æthelfrith of Bernicia, who united the two kingdoms into Northumbria. Æthelfrith ruled until the accession of Ælla's son Edwin, in 616 or 617, who also ruled both kingdoms until 633.
wn.com/Deira -
Hugh Bayley
Hugh Bayley (born 9 January 1952) is a British Labour Party politician and Member of Parliament for York Central. He held the City of York seat from 1992 to the 2010 general election, when boundary changes took effect.
Bayley was born in Maidenhead, Berkshire and was educated at Haileybury and Imperial Service College, the University of Bristol, where he obtained a Politics BSc degree in 1974; and the University of York where he was awarded a BPhil degree in Southern African Studies in 1976. After his studies in 1975 he became a District Officer and later a National Officer with NALGO until 1982.
He was elected as a councillor in the London Borough of Camden in 1980. He became the General Secretary of the International Broadcasting Trust in 1982. Bayley stepped down as a councillor and moved to York to take up a post as Research Officer in Health Economics at the University of York from 1987-92. He was a lecturer in Social Policy at the University from 1986 until 1998.
Hugh Bayley was nominated as the Labour candidate for York at the 1987 general election but was defeated by just 147 votes by the Conservative Conal Gregory. After the election, Hugh Bayley became a Health Economics Research Fellow at the University of York, and became a member of the local health authority.
wn.com/Hugh_Bayley -
Ian Swales
Ian Cameron Swales (5 April 1953) is a British Liberal Democrat politician. He is the Member of Parliament for the constituency of Redcar in England from May 2010. Swales took Redcar from Labour incumbent Vera Baird for the Liberal Democrats in the 2010 general election, with a 21.8% swing. Swales added over 10,000 votes to his 2005 general election total. This was the biggest swing against any Labour candidate in the election and also the biggest gain by any Liberal Democrat.
Swales was educated at Ashville College, Harrogate before graduating in chemical engineering from the UMIST. He worked for Imperial Chemical Industries from 1978 to 1999.
Swales has three children with his wife Pat. His interests include travel, reading, cooking, walking and keeping fit.
wn.com/Ian_Swales -
Julian Sturdy
Julian Charles Sturdy (born 1971) is a British Conservative Party politician. He was elected at the 2010 general election as Member of Parliament (MP) for York Outer.
The son of Robert Sturdy Conservative Party MEP for the East of England Sturdy grew up in Yorkshire and was educated at Ashville College, a co-educational independent school in the spa town of Harrogate in North Yorkshire, from 1981 to 1989, at which he states “...my years there helped shape me into being the person I am today", followed by Harper Adams Agricultural College close to the village of Edgmond (near to the market town of Newport) in Shropshire.
Prior to entering Parliament, Sturdy served as a Harrogate councillor, between 2002 and 2007. He stood as the Conservative Party candidate for Scunthorpe in the 2005 general election, finishing second with 25.7% of the vote. His father is the Member of the European Parliament for the East of England Robert Sturdy. He is also a farmer, a career for which he had studied at agricultural college.
wn.com/Julian_Sturdy -
Nigel Adams
Nigel Adams (born 30 November 1966) is a British Conservative Party politician, who was elected at the 2010 general election as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Selby and Ainsty in North Yorkshire.
Born in Goole, and raised in Selby, the son of a school caretaker and school cleaner, Nigel Adams attended Camblesforth Primary School, Selby Grammar School and Selby High School. He left school in 1984, aged 17. Later, following redundancy, he set up a telecommunication company with a £20 government grant and went on to sell it to a PLC.
He worked in sales and marketing within the telecommunications industry. He was the founding managing director of Advances Digital Telecom Ltd, 1993-1999. He was appointed director of JWE Telecom plc for a year in 1999. He became the non-executive chairman of Pareto Law plc from 2001 until 2002. In 2003 he was director of Ebor Events Ltd until 2005, when he became a director of the Yorkshire Tourist Board. He has been a director of NGC Networks Ltd since 2006.
wn.com/Nigel_Adams -
Robert Goodwill
Robert Goodwill (born 31 December 1956) is a British farmer and Conservative Party politician. He is the Member of Parliament (MP) for Scarborough and Whitby and a former Member of the European Parliament (MEP).
Goodwill was born in North Yorkshire and was educated at the Quaker Bootham School in York, and the University of Newcastle upon Tyne where he received a Bachelor of Science degree in agriculture in 1979. He is a farmer of 250 acres (100 ha) of mainly arable land near Malton which has been in his family since 1850. He has been the managing director of Mowthorpe (UK) Ltd since 1995 which offers environmentally friendly burials in the North Yorkshire countryside [1].
Goodwill unsuccessfully contested Redcar at the 1992 general election where he finished second, some 11,577 votes behind the sitting Labour MP Mo Mowlam. He unsuccessfully contested Cleveland and Richmond at the 1994 European election. He again attempted to enter the House of Commons at the 1997 general election when he was selected for the marginally held Conservative seat of North West Leicestershire following the deselection[citation needed] of the sitting MP David Ashby. Goodwill was defeated by Labour's David Taylor by 13,219 votes. In 1998, he contested the Yorkshire SouthEuropean Parliament by-election, but was again defeated.
wn.com/Robert_Goodwill -
Stuart Bell
Sir Stuart Bell (born 16 May 1938) is a British Labour Party politician, who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Middlesbrough since 1983.
Bell was born in County Durham in 1938, the son of a miner. He attended the Hookergate Grammar School (now known as Hookergate School) on School Lane in High Spen near Rowlands Gill, Gateshead. He went to the Durham Pitmans College. He joined the Labour Party in 1964, and was called to the Bar at Gray's Inn in 1970. He worked as an international lawyer in Paris until 1977, representing large multi-national companies such as GM and HP. He contested Hexham at the 1979 general election, but was defeated by the Conservative MP and former Cabinet minister Geoffrey Rippon.
He was elected to the City Council in Newcastle upon Tyne in 1980. In 1982, the veteran Labour MP for Middlesbrough, Arthur Bottomley announced that he would step down at the next general election, and Bell subsequently won the selection process to fight the seat at the 1983 general election. Bell held Middlesbrough comfortably and was elected with a majority just short of 10,000 votes.
wn.com/Stuart_Bell -
Tom Blenkinsop
Thomas Francis Blenkinsop (born 14 August 1980) is a British Labour Party politician and Member of Parliament (MP) for Middlesbrough South and East Cleveland.
Born in Middlesbrough, Blenkinsop attended St Augustine's RC Primary School in Coulby Newham and Newlands School FCJ, before attending St Mary's Sixth Form College in Saltersgill. He attended Teesside University where he obtained a BSc in Philosophy, Politics and Economics, and the University of Warwick, where he was awarded an MA in Continental philosophy.
He became a constituency researcher for Ashok Kumar from 2002 until 2008 when he became a full-time regional official for the Community Trade Union until his election to parliament.
He stood as a candidate for the 2010 general election after the sudden death of Kumar, taking the seat with a 1,677 majority.
He was appointed to the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Select Committee and the Standards and Privileges Committee in June 2010, and the Treasury Select Committee in 2011.
He has been married to Victoria Emtage since 2007.
wn.com/Tom_Blenkinsop -
William Hague
William Jefferson Hague MP FRSL (born 26 March 1961) is a British politician, who is the current Foreign Secretary and First Secretary of State. He served as Leader of the Conservative Party from June 1997 to September 2001. In Parliament, he has represented the constituency of Richmond (Yorks) since 1989.
Educated at Wath-upon-Dearne Grammar School, a state grammar school, then the University of Oxford (graduating with First Class Honours in Philosophy, Politics and Economics) and INSEAD, Hague was first elected to the House of Commons in a by-election in 1989. Hague rose through the ranks of John Major's government and entered the Cabinet in 1995 as the Secretary of State for Wales. Following the Conservatives' defeat in the 1997 general election, he was elected as leader of the Conservative Party. He resigned as party leader after the 2001 general election following a landslide defeat to the Labour Party. He was the first leader of the Conservatives not to have become Prime Minister since Austen Chamberlain in the early 1920s.
wn.com/William_Hague
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Whitby North Yorkshire
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:17
- Updated: 06 Jan 2013
Whitby,a pretty little seaside town just 21 miles north of Scarborough. This place is loaded in history and legends,it is said that the novalist Bram Stoker wrote his novel Dracula here in Whitby. All the little narrow streets,with shops and cafe's,it is a dream to visit, i often visit this place. I hope you enjoy the video.
http://wn.com/Whitby_North_Yorkshire
Whitby,a pretty little seaside town just 21 miles north of Scarborough. This place is loaded in history and legends,it is said that the novalist Bram Stoker wrote his novel Dracula here in Whitby. All the little narrow streets,with shops and cafe's,it is a dream to visit, i often visit this place. I hope you enjoy the video.
North Yorkshire Police Press Conference to announce the PC Bramma Children's Fund
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:43
- Updated: 15 Jan 2013
On 15 January 2013, North Yorkshire Police held a press conference outside Selby Police Station. Attended by Temporary Chief Constable Tim Madgwick and Police Federation representative Sgt Mike Stubbs. They announced a special trust fund to be set up to assist the children of their lost colleague PC Andrew Bramma who was killed in a road traffic collision whilst responding to an emergency call.
http://wn.com/North_Yorkshire_Police_Press_Conference_to_announce_the_PC_Bramma_Children's_Fund
On 15 January 2013, North Yorkshire Police held a press conference outside Selby Police Station. Attended by Temporary Chief Constable Tim Madgwick and Police Federation representative Sgt Mike Stubbs. They announced a special trust fund to be set up to assist the children of their lost colleague PC Andrew Bramma who was killed in a road traffic collision whilst responding to an emergency call.
- published: 15 Jan 2013
- views: 10
- author: Dave Roberts
Hotel Raven Hall Country House Hotel North Yorkshire county United Kingdom
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:01
- Updated: 14 Jan 2013
Hotel Raven Hall Country House Hotel North Yorkshire county United Kingdom
http://wn.com/Hotel_Raven_Hall_Country_House_Hotel_North_Yorkshire_county_United_Kingdom
Hotel Raven Hall Country House Hotel North Yorkshire county United Kingdom
- published: 13 Jan 2013
- author: BeautifullHotelsH
Metal Detecting Weekend in North Yorkshire
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 23:46
- Updated: 15 Jan 2013
Selection of weird and wonderful finds culminating in a nice hammered silver on the way back to the car.
http://wn.com/Metal_Detecting_Weekend_in_North_Yorkshire
Selection of weird and wonderful finds culminating in a nice hammered silver on the way back to the car.
- published: 27 Oct 2012
- views: 3599
- author: Janhyooz
NYMR TV Episode 33 - April 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 16:14
- Updated: 03 Dec 2012
WIN A FAMILY DAY PASS FOR FOUR ON THE FABULOUS NYMR! What do you think about this programme? This is a pilot for a new look NYMR TV show which aims to broadcast news, reviews and information about the NYMR. What you think really counts and will influence how we progress with the programme - so please leave us your comments below. WIN A FAMILY DAY PASS FOR FOUR! In this programme we give you a chance to win a family day ticket on the fabulous North Yorkshire Moors Railway. Watch the programme and answer the simple question to win. Send your answer and details to: tv@nymr.co.uk Good luck and thank you for watching!
http://wn.com/NYMR_TV_Episode_33_April_2012
WIN A FAMILY DAY PASS FOR FOUR ON THE FABULOUS NYMR! What do you think about this programme? This is a pilot for a new look NYMR TV show which aims to broadcast news, reviews and information about the NYMR. What you think really counts and will influence how we progress with the programme - so please leave us your comments below. WIN A FAMILY DAY PASS FOR FOUR! In this programme we give you a chance to win a family day ticket on the fabulous North Yorkshire Moors Railway. Watch the programme and answer the simple question to win. Send your answer and details to: tv@nymr.co.uk Good luck and thank you for watching!
- published: 04 Apr 2012
- views: 18338
- author: nymrcouk
BBC Look North - Yorkshire & Lincolnshire - 14/1/13 + Weather
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:05
- Updated: 16 Jan 2013
If there is a story that was featured on this episode of the news programme and would like us to upload it, please comment on the news programme that it is on. PLEASE DO THIS WITHIN A WEEK OF THIS VIDEO BEING UPLOADED!
http://wn.com/BBC_Look_North_Yorkshire_Lincolnshire_14_1_13_+_Weather
If there is a story that was featured on this episode of the news programme and would like us to upload it, please comment on the news programme that it is on. PLEASE DO THIS WITHIN A WEEK OF THIS VIDEO BEING UPLOADED!
- published: 15 Jan 2013
- views: 1
- author: GBNews1
Silage 2011, Ripley, North Yorkshire
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 18:07
- Updated: 22 Nov 2012
http://wn.com/Silage_2011,_Ripley,_North_Yorkshire
The North Yorkshire Moors Railway - A Great Day Out
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:38
- Updated: 07 Jan 2013
With our magnificent steam engines, beautiful rural stations and smartly uniformed staff, a visit to the North Yorkshire Moors Railway is like taking a step back in time. steam trains, diesel engines, locomotives, Sir Nigel Gresley, Pickering, Grosmont, Goathland, Whitby,Yorkshire Moors, walking, days out, railway heritage, Scarborough From the smoke and steam pouring from the engines to the cosy wood-panelled carriages and friendly conductor service, the railway is both lovingly preserved and charmingly authentic It's also the perfect starting point for a day out, whether you're travelling between the rugged Yorkshire villages, hiking on the wind swept moors or spending a day by the seaside in Whitby. For more information and to book tickets please visit our website: www.nymr.co.uk
http://wn.com/The_North_Yorkshire_Moors_Railway_A_Great_Day_Out
With our magnificent steam engines, beautiful rural stations and smartly uniformed staff, a visit to the North Yorkshire Moors Railway is like taking a step back in time. steam trains, diesel engines, locomotives, Sir Nigel Gresley, Pickering, Grosmont, Goathland, Whitby,Yorkshire Moors, walking, days out, railway heritage, Scarborough From the smoke and steam pouring from the engines to the cosy wood-panelled carriages and friendly conductor service, the railway is both lovingly preserved and charmingly authentic It's also the perfect starting point for a day out, whether you're travelling between the rugged Yorkshire villages, hiking on the wind swept moors or spending a day by the seaside in Whitby. For more information and to book tickets please visit our website: www.nymr.co.uk
- published: 26 Jul 2011
- views: 45934
- author: idefinitiontv1
James Herriot Museum, Thirsk, North Yorkshire: World Of James Herriot
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:45
- Updated: 31 Dec 2012
A Film by Sarah Macmillan, NORTHERN LANDSCAPES Filmed in association with the World Of James Herriot Museum in Thirsk, North Yorkshire. The World of James Herriot, located in the picturesque market town of Thirsk North Yorkshire, is one of the country's best loved family attractions. The museum encompasses the very essence of the world renowned vet James Herriot. It offers visitors an unforgettable experience of the life and times of a man who became an international celebrity after the publication of his books. So come and discover the charm of the World of James Herriot, and be inspired. The World of James Herriot pays a unique tribute to the life and times of the author Alf Wight, otherwise known as James Herriot. After his death in 1995, Hambleton District Council bought and restored the practice in Thirsk to its original stature with a £1.4 million investment. The project has allowed visitors to see a snapshot of life in the 1940's of the man, who captured the hearts and minds of so many people, both in the UK and abroad as James Herriot. More info visit the website www.Worldofjamesherriot.org Visit my website www.northernlandscapes.org.uk
http://wn.com/James_Herriot_Museum,_Thirsk,_North_Yorkshire_World_Of_James_Herriot
A Film by Sarah Macmillan, NORTHERN LANDSCAPES Filmed in association with the World Of James Herriot Museum in Thirsk, North Yorkshire. The World of James Herriot, located in the picturesque market town of Thirsk North Yorkshire, is one of the country's best loved family attractions. The museum encompasses the very essence of the world renowned vet James Herriot. It offers visitors an unforgettable experience of the life and times of a man who became an international celebrity after the publication of his books. So come and discover the charm of the World of James Herriot, and be inspired. The World of James Herriot pays a unique tribute to the life and times of the author Alf Wight, otherwise known as James Herriot. After his death in 1995, Hambleton District Council bought and restored the practice in Thirsk to its original stature with a £1.4 million investment. The project has allowed visitors to see a snapshot of life in the 1940's of the man, who captured the hearts and minds of so many people, both in the UK and abroad as James Herriot. More info visit the website www.Worldofjamesherriot.org Visit my website www.northernlandscapes.org.uk
- published: 09 Oct 2011
- views: 4562
- author: smacmillan13
NYMR Railway in Wartime 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:33
- Updated: 29 Oct 2012
Relive the amazing spirit and camaraderie of World War II and enjoy the various re-enactments, entertainment, street parades and vehicle displays along the line at Pickering, Le Visham, Goathland, Grosmont and Whitby Stations. New for 2012 the North Yorkshire Moors Railway has expanded to the Pickering Showground and will include Park and Ride, even more re-enactments, vintage traders, food stalls, children's games, living history displays, fashion shows, evening dances plus camping throughout the entire weekend. Filming courtesy of Iain Hodgman, Alan Whitehouse and Paul Taylor
http://wn.com/NYMR_Railway_in_Wartime_2012
Relive the amazing spirit and camaraderie of World War II and enjoy the various re-enactments, entertainment, street parades and vehicle displays along the line at Pickering, Le Visham, Goathland, Grosmont and Whitby Stations. New for 2012 the North Yorkshire Moors Railway has expanded to the Pickering Showground and will include Park and Ride, even more re-enactments, vintage traders, food stalls, children's games, living history displays, fashion shows, evening dances plus camping throughout the entire weekend. Filming courtesy of Iain Hodgman, Alan Whitehouse and Paul Taylor
- published: 12 Oct 2012
- views: 4551
- author: nymrcouk
North Yorkshire Moors Railway Diesel Gala - Friday 16th & Sunday 18th September 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:20
- Updated: 16 Dec 2012
Grosmont & Levisham stations, Darnholm & Thomasson Foss, North Yorkshire Moors. Friday 16th & Sunday 18th September 2011. Loco's featured: 20096, 20107, D5061, 31128 "Charybdis", D6515, 37264, 55002 "King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry" & 73136 "Perseverance". Some video from Friday morning and Sunday at this year's North Yorkshire Moors Railway's diesel gala. First, on the Friday, 55002 passes Darnholm on the first train of the gala from Grosmont, with 20096 & 20107 on the rear (giving a little push). Next, D5061 coasts past Darnholm, on the first train from Pickering to Whitby. Next, 37264 passes Darnholm on the first Grosmont - Goathland shuttle, followed later by 73136 & D6515 double heading the next Grosmont - Pickering service. The last video from Darnholm is of 31128, coasting downhill on the 10:00 from Pickering to Grosmont. Before heading off to work, I stopped off at Levisham on the way, just in time to capture the Class 73 & 33 arriving, and the Class 20's depart. Moving onto Sunday (I spent most of the day riding, but got some footage still), D6515 departs Grosmont on a Battersby to Whitby service. Next, 31128 does the same on a later service. For the last 3 services, I moved up to Thomasson Foss, and captured D5061 on a Grosmont - Pickering service, 55002 on a (late running) Pickering - Grosmont service (with 73136 on the rear) & 37264 on the last train of the gala from Grosmont to Pickering.
http://wn.com/North_Yorkshire_Moors_Railway_Diesel_Gala_Friday_16th_Sunday_18th_September_2011
Grosmont & Levisham stations, Darnholm & Thomasson Foss, North Yorkshire Moors. Friday 16th & Sunday 18th September 2011. Loco's featured: 20096, 20107, D5061, 31128 "Charybdis", D6515, 37264, 55002 "King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry" & 73136 "Perseverance". Some video from Friday morning and Sunday at this year's North Yorkshire Moors Railway's diesel gala. First, on the Friday, 55002 passes Darnholm on the first train of the gala from Grosmont, with 20096 & 20107 on the rear (giving a little push). Next, D5061 coasts past Darnholm, on the first train from Pickering to Whitby. Next, 37264 passes Darnholm on the first Grosmont - Goathland shuttle, followed later by 73136 & D6515 double heading the next Grosmont - Pickering service. The last video from Darnholm is of 31128, coasting downhill on the 10:00 from Pickering to Grosmont. Before heading off to work, I stopped off at Levisham on the way, just in time to capture the Class 73 & 33 arriving, and the Class 20's depart. Moving onto Sunday (I spent most of the day riding, but got some footage still), D6515 departs Grosmont on a Battersby to Whitby service. Next, 31128 does the same on a later service. For the last 3 services, I moved up to Thomasson Foss, and captured D5061 on a Grosmont - Pickering service, 55002 on a (late running) Pickering - Grosmont service (with 73136 on the rear) & 37264 on the last train of the gala from Grosmont to Pickering.
- published: 19 Sep 2011
- views: 12443
- author: Rickstew86
Valley Bridge - What's going on? - Part 3
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:25
- Updated: 17 Jan 2013
Part 4 now online! youtu.be Following hot on the heels of the first two parts here is part three of the Valley Bridge issue. Still no one has been down to sort the bridge or make the underneath safe to walk/drive under. This is a short video about the iconic structure and roadway known as Valley Bridge in Scarborough. www.real-whitby.co.uk www.real-whitby.co.uk The bridge was built in 1865, and was instrumental in linking the South of the town with the North. In 1928 the bridge was widened, to allow a greater flow of traffic, both mechanised and pedestrian. The bridge is "owned" by North Yorkshire County Council, and under a highways agreement is inspected and maintained by Scarborough Borough Council. Presumably these organisations are paid a lot of money to do this work. Over the recent years it seems to have been very badly neglected. So much so, that large holes have opened up in the structure, through rusting, cracking and other factors. This video aims to highlight that. The copyright to the audio track used in this video is owned by a third party and is used as an illustrative measure only.
http://wn.com/Valley_Bridge_What's_going_on?_Part_3
Part 4 now online! youtu.be Following hot on the heels of the first two parts here is part three of the Valley Bridge issue. Still no one has been down to sort the bridge or make the underneath safe to walk/drive under. This is a short video about the iconic structure and roadway known as Valley Bridge in Scarborough. www.real-whitby.co.uk www.real-whitby.co.uk The bridge was built in 1865, and was instrumental in linking the South of the town with the North. In 1928 the bridge was widened, to allow a greater flow of traffic, both mechanised and pedestrian. The bridge is "owned" by North Yorkshire County Council, and under a highways agreement is inspected and maintained by Scarborough Borough Council. Presumably these organisations are paid a lot of money to do this work. Over the recent years it seems to have been very badly neglected. So much so, that large holes have opened up in the structure, through rusting, cracking and other factors. This video aims to highlight that. The copyright to the audio track used in this video is owned by a third party and is used as an illustrative measure only.
- published: 06 Jan 2013
- views: 922
- author: TWiG Filmnation
Middleham Wensleydale North Yorkshire
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:09
- Updated: 17 Jan 2013
The Dales town of Middleham is situated in Wensleydale North Yorkshire, it is most famous for 'Mddleham Castle the childhood home of King Richard III & its many Horse Racing Stables'. Richard III is in turn famous for being the last King of England that was killed in battle & for being responsible for locking up two Princes in a tower, whom were never seen again. Early mornings horses are exercised around the town & at 'High Moor' Le Tour De France the worlds greatest cycle race visits Middleham in 2014 on Stage 1 or le grand departe on its route from Leeds to Harrogate, with a 70km sprint finish to Harrogate. French Translation; La ville de Middleham Dales est situé dans Wensleydale North Yorkshire, il est plus célèbre pour 'Mddleham Château de la maison d'enfance du roi Richard III et ses nombreuses écuries de courses hippiques. Richard III est à son tour célèbre pour être le dernier roi d'Angleterre, qui a été tué dans la bataille et d'être responsables de blocage des deux princes dans une tour, qui n'ont jamais été revus. Les premiers chevaux sont exercés le matin autour de la ville et à 'Hautes Fagnes' Le Tour de France de la course mondes plus grand cycle de visites Middleham en 2014 sur l'étape 1 ou le grand Departe sur sa route de Leeds à Harrogate, avec une finition 70 km sprint à Harrogate.
http://wn.com/Middleham_Wensleydale_North_Yorkshire
The Dales town of Middleham is situated in Wensleydale North Yorkshire, it is most famous for 'Mddleham Castle the childhood home of King Richard III & its many Horse Racing Stables'. Richard III is in turn famous for being the last King of England that was killed in battle & for being responsible for locking up two Princes in a tower, whom were never seen again. Early mornings horses are exercised around the town & at 'High Moor' Le Tour De France the worlds greatest cycle race visits Middleham in 2014 on Stage 1 or le grand departe on its route from Leeds to Harrogate, with a 70km sprint finish to Harrogate. French Translation; La ville de Middleham Dales est situé dans Wensleydale North Yorkshire, il est plus célèbre pour 'Mddleham Château de la maison d'enfance du roi Richard III et ses nombreuses écuries de courses hippiques. Richard III est à son tour célèbre pour être le dernier roi d'Angleterre, qui a été tué dans la bataille et d'être responsables de blocage des deux princes dans une tour, qui n'ont jamais été revus. Les premiers chevaux sont exercés le matin autour de la ville et à 'Hautes Fagnes' Le Tour de France de la course mondes plus grand cycle de visites Middleham en 2014 sur l'étape 1 ou le grand Departe sur sa route de Leeds à Harrogate, avec une finition 70 km sprint à Harrogate.
- published: 23 Jun 2012
- views: 318
- author: Durham Telly
North Yorkshire 9th Feb 2011 Prt1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:04
- Updated: 29 Dec 2012
Aled is in rural North Yorkshire helping a family relocate from Essex. With a budget of £500000 they have already ruled out 30 properties, so Aled has his work cut out trying to find something which is close to perfection. A Victorian house-keeper's cottage comes fairly close, but can it beat the Mystery House, a barn conversion?
http://wn.com/North_Yorkshire_9th_Feb_2011_Prt1
Aled is in rural North Yorkshire helping a family relocate from Essex. With a budget of £500000 they have already ruled out 30 properties, so Aled has his work cut out trying to find something which is close to perfection. A Victorian house-keeper's cottage comes fairly close, but can it beat the Mystery House, a barn conversion?
- published: 09 Feb 2011
- views: 8623
- author: ToddAJFC
Scarborough Hotels - Park Manor Hotel
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:36
- Updated: 01 Nov 2012
www.parkmanor.co.uk Scarborough Hotels About Park Manor Hotel Park Manor is a hotel in Scarborough which is a privately family owned hotel and boasts an impressive location close to Scarborough's famous North Bay with Peasholm Park, the Scarborough Open Air Theatre and many more attractions...
http://wn.com/Scarborough_Hotels_Park_Manor_Hotel
www.parkmanor.co.uk Scarborough Hotels About Park Manor Hotel Park Manor is a hotel in Scarborough which is a privately family owned hotel and boasts an impressive location close to Scarborough's famous North Bay with Peasholm Park, the Scarborough Open Air Theatre and many more attractions...
- published: 20 Aug 2012
- views: 145663
- author: ParkManorHotel
16mm Garden Railways in North Yorkshire
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:09
- Updated: 07 Oct 2012
Enjoy a summer afternoon steaming in Yorkshire Correction Elinor was spelt wrongly - apparently this is a Welsh name - sincere apologies See 2012 version
http://wn.com/16mm_Garden_Railways_in_North_Yorkshire
Enjoy a summer afternoon steaming in Yorkshire Correction Elinor was spelt wrongly - apparently this is a Welsh name - sincere apologies See 2012 version
- published: 22 Aug 2011
- views: 8700
- author: bingban
IC82 meets LNERFAN4472 at the NYMR
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 17:23
- Updated: 15 Jan 2013
This was our first visit to the North Yorkshire Moors Railway where we got to meet Harry (LNERFAN4472) and a whole host of preserved locomotives. We were very fortunate with the weather and had a great time travellingup and down the line from Pickering to Grosmont.
http://wn.com/IC82_meets_LNERFAN4472_at_the_NYMR
This was our first visit to the North Yorkshire Moors Railway where we got to meet Harry (LNERFAN4472) and a whole host of preserved locomotives. We were very fortunate with the weather and had a great time travellingup and down the line from Pickering to Grosmont.
- published: 06 Apr 2012
- views: 9078
- author: InterCity82
North Yorkshire Moors Railway
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:16
- Updated: 11 Jan 2013
Video filmed in HD at Goathland on the North Yorkshire Moors Railway on Good Firday 6th April 2007. Steam locomotives featured include LNER Class K1 2-6-0 62005, LNER Class A4 60007 Sir Nigel Gresley and BR Class 4MT 2-6-0 75029. Produced by FreeFoto.com principal photographer Ian Britton. Filmed with a Canon XH A1 HDV video camera at 1080i 30.
http://wn.com/North_Yorkshire_Moors_Railway
Video filmed in HD at Goathland on the North Yorkshire Moors Railway on Good Firday 6th April 2007. Steam locomotives featured include LNER Class K1 2-6-0 62005, LNER Class A4 60007 Sir Nigel Gresley and BR Class 4MT 2-6-0 75029. Produced by FreeFoto.com principal photographer Ian Britton. Filmed with a Canon XH A1 HDV video camera at 1080i 30.
- published: 14 May 2009
- views: 18156
- author: brittonian
Typical UK Metal Detecting Finds - Ploughed Fields in North Yorkshire
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:52
- Updated: 13 Jan 2013
Aaargh! I say George 6th - its a George 3rd shilling...One days detecting finds from a farm in North Yorkshire. It is a typical cross section of what comes up in fields which have been worked for many years with finds spanning many hundreds of years. The one obvious thing missing is some hammered silver coins - they were found by other members of the club with one being recovered less than a minute into the dig. I seem to find everything else but hammered silver - but they will come. Sooner or later. Check out my other detecting videos in the playlist on the right side of this page and on my channel. Subscribe for more. Thanks for watching.
http://wn.com/Typical_UK_Metal_Detecting_Finds_Ploughed_Fields_in_North_Yorkshire
Aaargh! I say George 6th - its a George 3rd shilling...One days detecting finds from a farm in North Yorkshire. It is a typical cross section of what comes up in fields which have been worked for many years with finds spanning many hundreds of years. The one obvious thing missing is some hammered silver coins - they were found by other members of the club with one being recovered less than a minute into the dig. I seem to find everything else but hammered silver - but they will come. Sooner or later. Check out my other detecting videos in the playlist on the right side of this page and on my channel. Subscribe for more. Thanks for watching.
- published: 25 Oct 2011
- views: 3518
- author: pondguru
Green Laning North Yorkshire Moors - Rutland Rig
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:11
- Updated: 01 Jan 2013
One section of 100+mile loop on green lanes open to all traffic from Farndale to Scarborough climbing up onto the moor tops and back
http://wn.com/Green_Laning_North_Yorkshire_Moors_Rutland_Rig
One section of 100+mile loop on green lanes open to all traffic from Farndale to Scarborough climbing up onto the moor tops and back
- published: 04 Aug 2011
- views: 1762
- author: hantsenduro
North Yorkshire, England
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:44
- Updated: 11 Nov 2012
A video of the North Yorkshire, including places such as Harrogate, Knaresborough, York, Whitby, Scarborough and all the surrounding areas. Honors for this video (7) #12 - Most Discussed (Today) - Travel & Events - United Kingdom #30 - Most Viewed (Today) - Travel & Events - United Kingdom #5 - Top Favorites (Today) - Travel & Events - United Kingdom #47 - Top Favorites (Today) - Travel & Events #39 - Top Favorites (This Week) - Travel & Events - United Kingdom #11 - Top Rated (Today) - Travel & Events - United Kingdom #42- Top Rated (This Week) - Travel & Events - United Kingdom
http://wn.com/North_Yorkshire,_England
A video of the North Yorkshire, including places such as Harrogate, Knaresborough, York, Whitby, Scarborough and all the surrounding areas. Honors for this video (7) #12 - Most Discussed (Today) - Travel & Events - United Kingdom #30 - Most Viewed (Today) - Travel & Events - United Kingdom #5 - Top Favorites (Today) - Travel & Events - United Kingdom #47 - Top Favorites (Today) - Travel & Events #39 - Top Favorites (This Week) - Travel & Events - United Kingdom #11 - Top Rated (Today) - Travel & Events - United Kingdom #42- Top Rated (This Week) - Travel & Events - United Kingdom
- published: 07 Aug 2008
- views: 9840
- author: haynfrn
North Yorkshire 4th Feb 2011 Prt3
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:42
- Updated: 11 Jan 2013
Aled travels to North Yorkshire, where he helps a couple hunt down their ideal property on a budget of £850000. The pair want to put their culinary skills to use by opening their own business, so require a large detached house with a good-sized kitchen.
http://wn.com/North_Yorkshire_4th_Feb_2011_Prt3
Aled travels to North Yorkshire, where he helps a couple hunt down their ideal property on a budget of £850000. The pair want to put their culinary skills to use by opening their own business, so require a large detached house with a good-sized kitchen.
- published: 04 Feb 2011
- views: 2870
- author: ToddAJFC
NYMR PICKERING TO WHITBY
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:00
- Updated: 08 Jan 2013
On a dull start to the Bank Holiday what better way to cheer us up than a run on the North Yorkshire Moors Railway from Pickering to Whitby and return , this was a first time for me for the full run , well worth it for the views, this journey is just short of 2 hours one way, but must enjoy some of the most scenic views of the North Yorkshire Moors
http://wn.com/NYMR_PICKERING_TO_WHITBY
On a dull start to the Bank Holiday what better way to cheer us up than a run on the North Yorkshire Moors Railway from Pickering to Whitby and return , this was a first time for me for the full run , well worth it for the views, this journey is just short of 2 hours one way, but must enjoy some of the most scenic views of the North Yorkshire Moors
- published: 03 Jun 2012
- views: 5910
- author: howarth004
photo: Creative Commons / INABA Tomoaki
16 Jan 2013
YURI KAGEYAMA. AP Business Writers= TOKYO (AP) — Boeing Co.'s 787 planes were grounded for safety checks Wednesday by two major Japanese airlines after one was forced to make an emergency landing in the latest blow for the new jet ... The 787, known as the Dreamliner, is Boeing's newest and most technologically advanced jet, and the company is counting heavily on its success ... The grounding was done voluntarily by the airlines ... The U.S ... U.S....(size: 11.1Kb)
photo: White House / Pete Souza
17 Jan 2013
AMY TEIBEL. Associated Press= JERUSALEM (AP) — Israel's premier on Wednesday dismissed President Barack Obama's reported displeasure with his hard-line policies toward the Palestinians, a sisgn that the two could be headed for a showdown. Polls suggest Benjamin Netanyahu is poised to win Israel's elections next week and continue in office ... could suffer in unprecedented ways if the Israeli government doesn't change its policies....(size: 10.2Kb)
photo: AP / BP
16 Jan 2013
IN what could be the first spillover from France's intervention in Mali, Islamist militants attacked and occupied a natural gas complex partly operated by energy company BP in southern Algeria ... It said it was holding 41 foreigners, including seven Americans ... End of sidebar ... Attacks on oil-rich Algeria's hydrocarbon facilities are very rare, despite decades of fighting an Islamist insurgency, mostly in the north of the country ... ....(size: 7.4Kb)
photo: French MoD photo
16 Jan 2013
The move reversed France's earlier insistence on providing only aerial and logistical support for a military intervention led by African ground troops ... By afternoon, he had outlined a far longer-term commitment ... On Tuesday, U.S ... Over the weekend, the rebels made their way to the rice-growing region, just north of the central Malian city of Segou, then seized Diabaly, a town of 35,000 that is home to an important military camp ... ... ....(size: 3.6Kb)
photo: GFDL
17 Jan 2013
TOKYO. Aviation regulators on Thursday grounded most of the world's 787 Dreamliner fleet until a fire risk linked to the plane's batteries can been fixed, deepening a crisis for its US manufacturer Boeing. Regulators in Japan, India and Chile followed the lead of the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in ordering an indefinite halt to all operations, after a Japanese Dreamliner on Wednesday was forced into an emergency landing ... ....(size: 4.5Kb)
York Press
17 Jan 2013
BBC News
17 Jan 2013
Residents and commuters across North Yorkshire are being warned of snowfall and plummeting temperatures on Friday ... "We are constantly monitoring predicted weather conditions along our route, and the latest information we have is that heavier snowfalls are expected between Peterborough and the North East on Friday afternoon and evening....(size: 2.7Kb)
York Press
17 Jan 2013
THE Secretary of State for Education has met with a North Yorkshire MP to discuss the future of school funding in the region. Nigel Adams, MP for Selby and Ainsty, met with Michael Gove and other North Yorkshire MPs at ... “We met with the education secretary to make the case for greater flexibility in the funding formula for North Yorkshire schools....(size: 1.9Kb)
BBC News
17 Jan 2013
The race, whose Yorkshire route was announced earlier, will start in Leeds on 5 July 2014. Crossing South, West and North Yorkshire riders miss the East Riding ... However Councillor John Weighell, of North Yorkshire County Council, said he was "absolutely thrilled" the tour would be passing through ... "Just to have the tour for almost a full day is wonderful news for the economy and for tourism in North Yorkshire."....(size: 2.6Kb)
noodls
17 Jan 2013
Businesses are being given the opportunity to find out how to sell their goods or services to local councils in North Yorkshire and York ... York and North Yorkshire region ... The event is being hosted by North Yorkshire County Council, in partnership with Craven District Council and the York, North Yorkshire & East Riding Local Enterprise Partnership....(size: 2.2Kb)
York Press
17 Jan 2013
A spokesman for North Yorkshire Police said hosting the opening stages of the Tour De France in 2014 was an honour for both the country and the region ... "North Yorkshire Police is looking forward to helping make the event an enjoyable experience for the many spectators and tourists expected to visit the area ... Susie Cawood, head of York and North Yorkshire Chamber of Commerce, said....(size: 19.2Kb)
York Press
17 Jan 2013
Ray Galloway, who is retiring from North Yorkshire Police, says the core team of officers will continue the investigation into Claudia Lawrence’s disappearance. THE detective who has led one of North Yorkshire’s most perplexing murder investigations was today retiring from the force ... investigations carried out by North Yorkshire Police....(size: 1.7Kb)
BBC News
17 Jan 2013
Tour de France officials were entertained at Harewood during Yorkshire's bid to host the event ... Councillor John Weighell from North Yorkshire County Council said ... "Just to have the Tour for almost a full day is wonderful news for the economy and for tourism in North Yorkshire." Continue reading the main story “Start Quote....(size: 6.4Kb)
noodls
17 Jan 2013
(Source. Ryedale District Council). Weather Warnings ... Roads. Details of local road closures are available from North Yorkshire County Council's website and City of York Council website ... Refuse and recycling collections ... A comprehensive guide to safe winter driving is available on the North Yorkshire Police website. Follow North Yorkshire Police on Twitter for useful winter driving tips @NYorksPolice....(size: 2.5Kb)
York Press
17 Jan 2013
noodls
17 Jan 2013
Funding to support the project has been awarded by Craven District Council, Yorkshire Housing, Craven Community Safety Partnership and North Yorkshire County Council ... All completed applications should be submitted by 5pm 15 February 2013 to feedback@cravendc.gov.uk; alternatively post your application to Policy Development Officer, Council Officer, 1 Belle Vue Square, Broughton Road, Skipton, North Yorkshire, BD23 1FJ....(size: 4.0Kb)
noodls
17 Jan 2013
The scheme, which would see a reservoir built to protect homes and businesses, is a partnership effort by Ryedale District Council, North Yorkshire County Council and the Environment Agency to prevent some flooding - protecting the town from a 1.25 year standard....(size: 1.9Kb)
Sky Sports
17 Jan 2013
Team Sky rider Ben Swift has tipped the Yorkshire stages of next year's Tour de France to spring "a few surprises" and set the tone for a thrilling race ... Yorkshire-born Swift knows many of the roads well and is confident that such a test so early in the three-week marathon will provide compelling racing ... "I'm also familiar with the North Yorkshire roads and there are a lot of really interesting climbs up there, too."....(size: 3.1Kb)
For other uses, see Yorkshire North.
| North Yorkshire | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Geography | |
| Status | Ceremonial and (smaller) non-metropolitan county |
| Origin | 1974 |
| Region | Yorkshire and the Humber (Part of the ceremonial county is in the North East Region) |
| Area - Total |
Ranked 1st 8,654 km2 (3,341 sq mi) |
| Admin HQ | Northallerton[1] |
| ISO 3166-2 | GB-NYK |
| ONS code | 36 |
| NUTS 3 | UKE22 |
| Demography | |
| Population - Total (2005) - Density - Admin. council - Admin. pop. |
Ranked 16th 1,082,000 126 /km2 (330 /sq mi) Ranked 19th 599,800 |
| Ethnicity | 97.9% White 1.0% S.Asian 1.1% Other |
| Politics | |
 North Yorkshire County Council http://www.northyorks.gov.uk/ |
|
| Executive | Conservative |
| Members of Parliament | |
| Districts | |
Neighbouring counties are: County Durham, East Riding of Yorkshire, Cumbria, Lancashire, South Yorkshire and West Yorkshire |
|
North Yorkshire is a county in England. It is a non-metropolitan or shire county located in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England, and a ceremonial county primarily in that region but partly in North East England. Created in 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972[2] it covers an area of 8,654 square kilometres (3,341 sq mi), making it the largest ceremonial county in England. The majority of the Yorkshire Dales and all of the North York Moors lie within North Yorkshire's boundaries, and around 40% of the county is covered by National Parks. The county town is Northallerton.
Contents |
Divisions and environs[link]
The area under the control of the county council, or shire county, is divided into a number of local government districts; they are Craven, Hambleton, Harrogate, Richmondshire, Ryedale, Scarborough and Selby.[3]
The Department for Communities and Local Government did consider reorganising North Yorkshire County Council's administrative structure by abolishing the seven district councils and the county council to create a North Yorkshire unitary authority. The changes were planned to be implemented no later than 1 April 2009.[4][5] This was rejected on 25 July 2007 so the County Council and District Council structure will remain.[6]
The largest settlement in the administrative county is Harrogate, while in the ceremonial county it is York.
York, Middlesbrough and Redcar and Cleveland are unitary authority boroughs which form part of the ceremonial county for various functions such as the Lord Lieutenant of North Yorkshire, but do not come under county council control. Uniquely for a district in England, Stockton-on-Tees is split between North Yorkshire and County Durham for this purpose. Middlesbrough, Stockton-on-Tees, and Redcar and Cleveland boroughs form part of the North East England region.[7]
The ceremonial county area, including the unitary authorities, borders East Riding of Yorkshire, South Yorkshire, West Yorkshire, Lancashire, Cumbria and County Durham.
Physical features[link]
The geology of North Yorkshire is closely reflected in its landscape. Within the county are the North York Moors and most of the Yorkshire Dales; two of eleven areas of countryside within England and Wales to be officially designated as national parks. Between the North York Moors in the east and the Pennine Hills in the west lie the Vales of Mowbray and York. The Tees Lowlands lie to the north of the North York Moors and the Vale of Pickering lies to the south. Its eastern border is the North sea coast. The highest point is Whernside, on the Cumbrian border, at 736 metres (2,415 ft).[8] The three major rivers in the county are the River Swale, River Ure and the River Tees. The Swale and the Ure form the River Ouse which flows through York and into the Humber estuary. The Tees forms the border between North Yorkshire and County Durham and flows from upper Teesdale to Middlesbrough and Stockton and to the coast.
History[link]
North Yorkshire was formed on 1 April 1974 as a result of the Local Government Act 1972, and covers most of the lands of the historic North Riding, as well as the northern half of the West Riding, the northern and eastern fringes of the East Riding of Yorkshire and the former county borough of York.
York became a unitary authority independent of North Yorkshire on 1 April 1996,[9] and at the same time Middlesbrough, Redcar and Cleveland and areas of Stockton-on-Tees south of the river became part of North Yorkshire for ceremonial purposes, having been part of Cleveland from 1974 to 1996.
Governance[link]
North Yorkshire is a non-metropolitan county that operates a cabinet-style council.[10] The full council of 72 elects a council leader, who in turn appoints up to 9 more councillors to form the executive cabinet. The cabinet is responsible for making decisions in the County. The county council have their offices in the county hall in Northallerton.
Economy[link]
Agriculture is an important industry, as are mineral extraction and power generation. The county also has healthy high technology, service and tourism sectors.[11] The number of people claiming Job Seeker's Allowance is low, at 2.7%.[12]
This is a chart of trend of regional gross value added for North Yorkshire at current basic prices with figures in millions of British Pounds Sterling.[13]
| Year | Regional Gross Value Added[14] | Agriculture[15] | Industry[16] | Services[17] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1995 | 7,278 | 478 | 2,181 | 4,618 |
| 2000 | 9,570 | 354 | 2,549 | 6,667 |
| 2003 | 11,695 | 390 | 3,025 | 8,281 |
Education[link]
See also: List of schools in North Yorkshire
North Yorkshire LEA has a mostly comprehensive education system with 42 state schools secondary (not including sixth form colleges) and 12 independent schools.
Climate[link]
North Yorkshire has a Temperate Climate like much of the UK. However there are large climate variations within the county. The upper Pennines border on a Subarctic climate, whereas the Vale of Mowbray has an almost Semi-arid climate. Overall, with the county being situated in the east, it receives below average rainfall for the UK, but the upper Dales of the Pennines are one of the wettest parts of England, where in contrast the driest parts of the Vale of Mowbray are some of the driest areas in the UK. Summer temperatures are above average, at 22°C, but highs can regularly reach up to 28°C, with over 30°C reached in Heatwaves. Winter temperatures are below average, with average lows of 1°C. Snow and Fog can be expected depending on location, with the North Yorkshire Moors and Pennines having snow lying for an average of between 45 and 75 days per year.[18] Sunshine is most plentiful on the coast, receiving an average of 1650 hours a year, and reduces further west in the county, with the Pennines only receiving 1250 hours a year.
| Climate data for North Yorkshire | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 15 (59) |
17 (63) |
21 (70) |
24 (75) |
29 (84) |
32 (90) |
34 (93) |
33 (91) |
29 (84) |
28 (82) |
19 (66) |
16 (61) |
34 (93) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 6 (43) |
7 (45) |
10 (50) |
13 (55) |
16 (61) |
19 (66) |
22 (72) |
22 (72) |
18 (64) |
14 (57) |
10 (50) |
7 (45) |
13.7 (56.6) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 1 (34) |
1 (34) |
2 (36) |
4 (39) |
7 (45) |
10 (50) |
12 (54) |
12 (54) |
10 (50) |
7 (45) |
4 (39) |
1 (34) |
5.9 (42.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −14 (7) |
−10 (14) |
−13 (9) |
−3 (27) |
−1 (30) |
2 (36) |
5 (41) |
4 (39) |
−1 (30) |
−7 (19) |
−14 (7) |
−19 (−2) |
−19 (−2) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 40 (1.57) |
35 (1.38) |
43 (1.69) |
46 (1.81) |
42 (1.65) |
47 (1.85) |
51 (2.01) |
59 (2.32) |
53 (2.09) |
62 (2.44) |
56 (2.2) |
59 (2.32) |
593 (23.35) |
| Source: [19][20] | |||||||||||||
Towns and villages[link]
Settlements by population[link]
| Rank | Town | Population | Year | Borough | Definition | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Harrogate | 71,594 | 2001 | Harrogate | Town | Unparished; collection of wards |
| 2 | Scarborough | 50,135 | 2001 | Scarborough | Town | Unparished; collection of wards |
| 3 | Ripon | 15,922 | 2001 | Harrogate | Civil Parish | |
| 4 | Northallerton | 15,741 | 2001 | Hambleton | Civil Parish | |
| 5 | Knaresborough | 14,740 | 2001 | Harrogate | Civil Parish | |
| 6 | Skipton | 14,313 | 2001 | Craven | Civil Parish | |
| 7 | Whitby | 13,594 | 2001 | Scarborough | Civil Parish | |
| 8 | Selby | 13,012 | 2001 | Selby | Civil Parish | |
| 9 | Richmond | 8,178 | 2001 | Richmondshire | Civil Parish | |
| 10 | Tadcaster | 7,000 | 2001 | Selby | Civil Parish | |
| 11 | Norton | 6,943 | 2001 | Ryedale | Civil Parish | |
| 12 | Pickering | 6,846 | 2001 | Ryedale | Civil Parish | |
| 13 | Filey | 6,819 | 2001 | Scarborough | Civil Parish | |
| 14 | Sherburn-in-Elmet | 6,221 | 2001 | Selby | Civil Parish | |
| 15 | Killinghall | 5,230[21] | 2010 | Harrogate | Civil Parish |
Main article: List of civil parishes in North Yorkshire
Italicised locations lie outside the current North Yorkshire shire county.
- Ampleforth, Appleton-le-Moors
- Bedale, Bolton-on-Swale, Boroughbridge, Borrowby (Hambleton), Borrowby (Scarborough), Brompton (Hambleton), Brotton, Buckden
- Castleton, Catterick, Catterick Garrison, Cawood, Clapham, Conistone
- Dalton (Hambleton), Dalton (Richmondshire), Danby Wiske
- Easby (Hambleton), Easingwold, Egton, Eston, Ebberston
- Filey, Folkton, Flixton, North Yorkshire
- Giggleswick, Glasshouses, Goathland, Grangetown, Grassington, Great Ayton, Grosmont, Guisborough, Ganton
- Harrogate, Hawes, Hebden, Helmsley, High Bentham, Horton in Ribblesdale, Hunmanby, Huntington
- Ingleton
- Kettlewell, Kilnsey, Kirkbymoorside, Knaresborough
- Leyburn
- Malham, Malton, Masham, Marske-by-the-Sea, Middleham, Middlesbrough, Middleton, Ryedale, Muston
- New Marske, Normanby, Northallerton, Norton-on-Derwent, North Grimston,
- Osmotherley, Ormesby
- Pateley Bridge, Pickering
- Redcar, Reeth, Richmond, Rievaulx, Ripon, Robin Hood's Bay, Romanby
- Saltburn, Scarborough, Scorton, Selby, Settle, Sherburn-in-Elmet, Sheriff Hutton, Skelton, Skipton, South Bank, Sowerby, Stokesley, Streetlam, Sutton-under-Whitestonecliffe, Swinton, near Malton, Scagglethorpe, Scampston,
- Tadcaster, Teesville, Thirsk, Thornaby-on-Tees
- Whale Hill, Whitby, Westow, Wintringham
- Yarm, York, Yedingham
Places of interest[link]
Italicised locations lie outside the current North Yorkshire shire county.
- Ampleforth College
- Beningbrough Hall
- Bolton Abbey
- Bolton Castle
- Brimham Rocks
- Byland Abbey - English Heritage (EH)
- Castle Howard and the Howardian Hills
- Catterick Garrison
- Cleveland Hills
- Drax
- Duncombe Park - stately home
- Embsay & Bolton Abbey Steam Railway
- Eston Nab
- Falconry
- Flamingo Land Theme Park and Zoo
- Fountains Abbey
- Gisborough Priory
- Helmsley Castle - EH
- Ingleborough Cave - show cave
- Kirkham Priory
- Lightwater Valley
- Malham Cove
- Middleham Castle
- Mount Grace Priory - EH
- North Yorkshire Moors Railway
- Ormesby Hall - Palladian Mansion
- Richmond Castle
- Rievaulx Abbey - EH
- Ripley Castle - Stately home and historic village
- Ripon Cathedral
- Selby Abbey
- Scarborough Castle - EH
- Shandy Hall - stately home
- Skipton Castle
- Stanwick Iron Age Fortifications - EH
- Studley Royal Park
- Stump Cross Caverns - show cave
- Thornborough Henges
- Wharram Percy
- Whitby Abbey
- York Minster
- Yorkshire Air Museum
News and media[link]
The County is served by BBC North East and Cumbria, and for more southerly parts of the county BBC Yorkshire. Yorkshire Television and Tyne Tees Television are also received in most areas of the County. BBC Tees is broadcast to northern parts of the county, whist BBC Radio York is broadcast more widely. BBC Radio Leeds is broadcast to southern parts of the county.
Transport[link]
The main north-south road through the county is the A1/A1(M) which has gradually been upgraded to motorway status since the early 1990s. The only other motorways within the county are the short A66(M) near Darlington and a small stretch of the M62 motorway close to Eggborough.[3] The other nationally maintained trunk routes are the A168/A19, A64, the A66 and A174.
The East Coast Main Line (ECML) bisects the county stopping at Northallerton, Thirsk and York. Passenger services on the ECML within the county are operated by East Coast, First TransPennine Express and Grand Central. First TransPennine Express run services on the York to Scarborough Line and the Northallerton–Eaglescliffe Line (for Middlesbrough) that both branch off the ECML.
Northern Rail operate the remaining lines in the county including commuter services on the Harrogate Line, Airedale Line and York & Selby Lines, of which the former two are covered by the Metro ticketing area. Remaining branch lines operated by Northern include the Yorkshire Coast Line from Scarborough to Hull, the Hull to York Line via Selby, the Tees Valley Line from Darlington to Saltburn and the Esk Valley Line from Middlesbrough to Whitby. Last but certainly not least, the Settle-Carlisle Line runs through the west of the county with services again operated by Northern.
The county suffered badly under the Beeching cuts of the 1960s which saw places like Richmond, Ripon, Tadcaster, Helmsley, Pickering and the Wensleydale communities lose their passenger services. Notable lines closed were the Scarborough and Whitby Railway, Malton and Driffield Railway and the secondary main line between Northallerton and Harrogate via Ripon.
Heritage railways within North Yorkshire include the North Yorkshire Moors Railway between Pickering and Grosmont, which opened in 1973, the Derwent Valley Light Railway near York, and the Embsay and Bolton Abbey Steam Railway. The Wensleydale Railway, which started operating in 2003, runs services between Leeming Bar and Redmire along a former freight only line. The medium term aim to operate into Northallerton station on the ECML once agreement can be reached with Network Rail, whilst the longer term aim to re-instate the full line west via Hawes to Garsdale on the Settle-Carlisle line.
York railway station is the largest station in the county with 11 platforms and is a major tourist attraction in its own right. The station is immediately adjacent to the world famous National Railway Museum.
As well as long distance coach services operated by National Express and Megabus local bus service operators include Arriva, Harrogate & District, Scarborough & District (East Yorkshire Motor Services), Yorkshire Coastliner, First and the local Dales & District.
There are no major airports in the county itself but nearby airports include Durham Tees Valley, Newcastle, Robin Hood Doncaster Sheffield and Leeds Bradford.
Sports[link]
North Yorkshire is home to several football clubs, the most successful of which is Middlesbrough FC who play in the Coca-Cola Championship; others include York City FC who have played in the Football League but today play in the Conference National. Whitby Town FC have reached the FA cup first round seven times, and have played the likes of Hull City, Wigan and Plymouth Argyle, they currently play in the Evo-Stik Premier league.
No notable rugby union teams hail from the county but York City Knights are a rugby league team and play in the Rugby League Championship.
North Yorkshire is home to many racecourses; these include Catterick Bridge, Redcar, Ripon and Thirsk. It also has one motor racing circuit, Croft Circuit; the circuit holds meetings of the British Touring Car Championship, British Superbike and Pickup Truck Racing race series.
Yorkshire County Cricket Club, play a number of fixtures at North Marine Road, Scarborough.
The ball game Rock-It-Ball was developed in the county.
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ "North Yorkshire County Council : Contact us". www.northyorks.gov.uk. http://www.northyorks.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=42. Retrieved 2009-05-16.
- ^ Arnold-Baker, C., Local Government Act 1972, (1973)
- ^ a b "Transport map of shire county divided into districts" (PDF). North Yorkshire County Council. http://www.northyorks.gov.uk/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=514&p=0. Retrieved 2008-10-10.
- ^ "New council for North Yorkshire". North Yorkshire County Council. http://www.northyorks.gov.uk/public/site/NYCC/menuitem.72980bf1db3dfb9fd7428f1040008a0c/?vgnextoid=cfa68f0788110110VgnVCM100000420f1cacRCRD. [dead link]
- ^ "Proposals for future unitary structures: Stakeholder consultation" (PDF). Communities and Local Government. http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/localgovernment/pdf/322770.pdf. Retrieved 2008-10-10.
- ^ "Decision letter: North Yorkshire County Council" (PDF). Communities and Local Government. http://www.communities.gov.uk/pub/59/DecisionletterNorthYorkshireCountyCouncil_id1512059.pdf. [dead link]
- ^ North East Assembly - List of local authorities and members
- ^ http://bubl.ac.uk/org/tacit/marilyns/chapter6.htm
- ^ OPSI - The North Yorkshire (District of York) (Structural and Boundary Changes) Order 1995
- ^ "North Yorkshire County Council Constitution". North Yorkshire County Council. http://www.northyorks.gov.uk/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=1990&p=0. Retrieved 10 May 2010.
- ^ http://www.northyorks.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=2874
- ^ http://www.northyorks.gov.uk/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=12525&p=0
- ^ "Regional Gross Value Added" (PDF). Office for National Statistics. 2005-12-21. pp. 240–253. http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_economy/RegionalGVA.pdf. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
- ^ Components may not sum to totals due to rounding
- ^ includes hunting and forestry
- ^ includes energy and construction
- ^ includes financial intermediation services indirectly measured
- ^ "Regional mapped climate averages". The Met Office. http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/regmapavge.html#. Retrieved 27 September 2010.
- ^ "UK mapped climate averages". The Met Office. http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/ukmapavge.html. Retrieved 27 September 2010.
- ^ "Temperature of -19C is new Yorkshire record". BBC News Online (BBC). 3 December 2010. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-york-north-yorkshire-11908065. Retrieved 4 December 2010.
- ^ http://www.northyorks.gov.uk/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=16424&p=0
External links[link]
- BBC North Yorkshire North Yorkshire features, videos and pictures from the BBC
- Yorkshire Dales Rivers Trust
- North Yorkshire at the Open Directory Project
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Coordinates: 54°23′25″N 1°23′51″W / 54.39028°N 1.3975°W / 54.39028; -1.3975
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Yorkshire
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For other uses, see Yorkshire (disambiguation).
| Yorkshire | |
 Flag of Yorkshire |
|
 Yorkshire within England, showing ancient extent |
|
| Geography | |
| 1831 area | 3,669,510 acres (14,850 km2)[1] |
| 1901 area | 3,883,979 acres (15,718 km2)[1] |
| 1991 area | 2,941,247 acres (11,903 km2)[1] |
| HQ | York |
| Chapman code | YKS |
| History | |
| Origin | Kingdom of Jórvík |
| Created | In antiquity |
| Succeeded by | Various |
| Demography | |
|---|---|
| 1831 population - 1831 density |
1,371,359[1] 0.37/acre |
| 1901 population - 1901 density |
3,512,838[1] 0.9/acre |
| 1991 population - 1991 density |
3,978,484[1] 1.35/acre |
| Subdivisions | |
| Type | Ridings |
 |
|
| Units | 1 North • 2 West • 3 East |
Yorkshire (/ˈjɔːkʃə/) is a historic county of Northern England and the largest in the United Kingdom.[2] Due to its great size in comparison to other English counties, functions have been increasingly undertaken over time by its subdivisions, which have also been subject to periodic reform. Throughout these changes, Yorkshire has continued to be recognised as a geographical territory and cultural region.[3][4] The name is familiar and well understood across the United Kingdom and is in common use in the media and the military,[5] and also features in the titles of current areas of civil administration, such as North Yorkshire, South Yorkshire, West Yorkshire and East Riding of Yorkshire. The county's name is commonly abbreviated as Yorks.
Within the borders of the historic county of Yorkshire are areas which are widely considered to be among the greenest in England, due to the vast stretches of unspoiled countryside in the Yorkshire Dales and North York Moors and to the open aspect of some of the major cities.[6][7] Yorkshire has sometimes been nicknamed God's Own County.[4][8] The emblem of Yorkshire is the white rose of the English royal House of York, and the most commonly used flag representative of Yorkshire is the White Rose on a dark blue background,[9] which after years of use, was recognised by the Flag Institute on 29 July 2008.[10] Yorkshire Day, held on 1 August, is a celebration of the general culture of Yorkshire, ranging from its history to its own dialect.[11]
Contents |
Toponymy[link]
The county of Yorkshire was so named as it is the Shire (administrative area or county) of the City of York (local i/ˈjɔːk/) or York's Shire. "York" comes from the Viking name for the city, Jórvík. "Shire" is from Old English, scir, and appears to be allied to shear as it is a division of the land. The "shire" suffix is locally pronounced /-ʃə/ "shuh", or occasionally /-ʃiə/, a homophone of "sheer".[12]
History[link]
Main article: History of Yorkshire
Celtic tribes[link]
Early inhabitants of Yorkshire were Celts, who formed two separate tribes, the Brigantes and the Parisii. The Brigantes controlled territory which later became all of the North Riding of Yorkshire and the West Riding of Yorkshire. The tribe controlled most of Northern England and more territory than any other Celtic tribe in England.[13] That they had the Yorkshire area as their heartland is evident in that Isurium Brigantum (now known as Aldborough) was the capital town of their civitas under Roman rule. Six of the nine Brigantian poleis described by Claudius Ptolemaeus in the Geographia fall within the historic county.[14][15] The Parisii who controlled the area that would become the East Riding of Yorkshire, may have been related to the Parisii of Lutetia Parisiorum, Gaul (known today as Paris, France).[16] Their capital was at Petuaria close to the Humber estuary. The Roman conquest of Britain began in 43 AD, however the Brigantes remained in control of their kingdom as a client state of Rome for an extended period, reigned over by the Brigantian monarchs Cartimandua and her husband Venutius. Initially, this situation suited both the Romans and the Brigantes who were known as the most militant tribe in Britain.[17]
Roman Yorkshire[link]
Queen Cartimandua left her husband Venutius for his armour bearer, Vellocatus, setting off a chain of events which changed control of the Yorkshire area. Cartimandua, due to her good relationship with the Romans, was able to keep control of the kingdom; however her former husband staged rebellions against her and her Roman allies.[18] At the second attempt, Venutius seized the kingdom, but the Romans, under general Petillius Cerialis, conquered the Brigantes in 71 AD.[19]
Under Roman rule, the high profile of the area continued. The fortified city of Eboracum (now known as York) was named as capital of Britannia Inferior and joint-capital of all Roman Britain.[20] During the two years before the death of Emperor Septimius Severus, the Roman Empire was run from Eboracum by him.[21]
Another Emperor, Constantius Chlorus, died in Yorkshire during a visit in 306 AD. This saw his son Constantine the Great proclaimed Emperor in the city, who would become renowned due to his contributions to Christianity.[22] In the early 5th century, the Roman rule ceased with the withdrawal of the last active Roman troops. By this stage, the Empire was in heavy decline.[21]
Second Celtic period and Angles[link]
After the Romans left, small Celtic kingdoms arose in Yorkshire; the Kingdom of Ebrauc around York and more notably the Kingdom of Elmet in West Yorkshire.[23][24] Elmet remained independent from the Northumbrian Angles until some time in the early 7th Century, when King Edwin of Northumbria expelled its last king, Certic, and annexed the region. At its greatest extent, Northumbria stretched from the Irish Sea to the North Sea and from Edinburgh down to Hallamshire in South Yorkshire.[25]
Kingdom of Jórvík[link]
Main article: Kingdom of Jórvík
An army of Danish Vikings, the Great Heathen Army[26] as its enemies often referred to it, invaded Northumbrian territory in 866 AD. The Danes conquered and assumed what is now modern day York and renamed it Jórvík, making it the capital city of a new Danish kingdom under the same name. The area which this kingdom covered included most of Southern Northumbria, roughly equivalent to the borders of Yorkshire extending further West.[27]
The Danes went on to conquer an even larger area of England which afterwards became known as the Danelaw; but whereas most of the Danelaw was still English land, albeit in submission to Viking overlords, it was in the Kingdom of Jórvík that the only truly Viking territory on mainland Britain was ever established. The Kingdom prospered, taking advantage of the vast trading network of the Viking nations, and established commercial ties with the British Isles, North-West Europe, the Mediterranean and the Middle East.[28]
Founded by the Dane Halfdan Ragnarsson in 875,[29] ruled for the great part by Danish kings, and populated by the families and subsequent descendants of Danish Vikings, the leadership of the kingdom nonetheless passed into Norwegian hands during its twilight years.[29] Eric Bloodaxe, an ex-king of Norway who was the last independent Viking king of Jórvík, is a particularly noted figure in history,[30] and his bloodthirsty approach towards leadership may have been at least partly responsible for convincing the Danish inhabitants of the region to accept English sovereignty so readily in the years that followed.
After around 100 years of its volatile existence, the Kingdom of Jorvik finally came to an end. The Kingdom of Wessex was now in its ascendant and established its dominance over the North in general, placing Yorkshire again within Northumbria, which retained a certain amount of autonomy as an almost-independent earldom rather than a separate kingdom. The Wessex Kings of England were reputed to have respected the Norse customs in Yorkshire and left law-making in the hands of the local aristocracy.[31]
Norman conquest[link]
In the weeks immediately leading up to the Battle of Hastings in 1066 AD, Harold II of England was distracted by events in Yorkshire. His brother Tostig and Harold Hardrada, King of Norway, attempted a takeover in the north, having won the Battle of Fulford. The King of England marched North where the two armies met at the Battle of Stamford Bridge. Tostig and Hardrada were both killed and their army was defeated decisively. However, Harold Godwinson was forced immediately to march his army back down to the South where William the Conqueror was landing. The King was defeated at Hastings, which led to the Norman conquest of England.
The people of the North rebelled against the Normans in September 1069 AD, enlisting Sweyn II of Denmark. They tried to take back York, but the Normans burnt it before they could.[32] What followed was the Harrying of the North ordered by William. From York to Durham, crops, domestic animals, and farming tools were scorched. Many villages between the towns were burnt and local Northerners were indiscriminately murdered.[33] During the winter that followed, families starved to death and thousands of peasants died of cold and hunger. Orderic Vitalis put the estimation at "more than 100,000" people from the North died from hunger.[34]
In the centuries following, many abbeys and priories were built in Yorkshire. Norman landowners were keen to increase their revenues and established new towns such as Barnsley, Doncaster, Hull, Leeds, Scarborough, Sheffield, and others. Of towns founded before the conquest, only Bridlington, Pocklington, and York continued at a prominent level.[35] The population of Yorkshire boomed until hit by the Great Famine in the years between 1315 and 1322.[35]
In the early 12th century, people of Yorkshire had to contend with the Battle of the Standard at Northallerton with the Scots. Representing the Kingdom of England led by Archbishop Thurstan of York, soldiers from Yorkshire defeated the more numerous Scots.[36]
The Black Death reached Yorkshire by 1349, killing around a third of the population.[35]
Wars of the Roses[link]
Further information: House of York and Wars of the Roses
When King Richard II was overthrown in 1399, antagonism between the House of York and the House of Lancaster, both branches of the royal House of Plantagenet, began to emerge. Eventually the two houses fought for the throne of England in a series of civil wars, commonly known as the Wars of the Roses. Some of the battles took place in Yorkshire, such as those at Wakefield and Towton, the latter of which is known as the bloodiest battle ever fought on English soil.[38] Richard III was the last Yorkist king.
Henry Tudor of the House of Lancaster, defeated and killed Richard at the Battle of Bosworth Field. He then became King Henry VII and married Elizabeth of York daughter of Yorkist Edward IV, ending the wars.[39] The two roses of white and red, emblems of the Houses of York and Lancaster respectively, were combined to form the Tudor Rose of England.[a][40] This rivalry between the royal houses of York and Lancaster has passed into popular culture as a rivalry between the counties of Yorkshire and Lancashire, particularly in sport (for example the Roses Match played in County Cricket), although the House of Lancaster was based in York and the House of York in London. In Football, matches between Manchester United and Leeds United are usually described as "War of the Roses" games, the teams also tend to wear their: Red(Manchester) and White(Leeds)kits during these matches.
Saints, Civil War and textile industry[link]
The wool textile industry which had previously been a cottage industry centred on the old market towns moved to the West Riding where budding entrepreneurs were building mills that took advantage of water power gained by harnessing the rivers and streams flowing from the Pennines. The developing textile industry in general helped Wakefield and Halifax grow.[41]
The English Reformation began under Henry VIII and the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1536 led to a popular uprising known as Pilgrimage of Grace, started in Yorkshire as a protest. Some Catholics contingent in Yorkshire continued to practice their religion and those caught were executed during the reign of Elizabeth I. One such person was a York woman named Margaret Clitherow who was later canonised.[42]
During the English Civil War, which started in 1642 between king and parliament, Yorkshire had divided loyalties; Hull famously shut the gates of the city on the king when he came to enter the city a few months before fighting began, while the North Riding of Yorkshire in particular was strongly royalist.[43][44] York was the base for Royalists, and from there they captured Leeds and Wakefield only to have them recaptured a few months later. The royalists won the Battle of Adwalton Moor meaning they controlled Yorkshire (with the exception of Hull). From their base in Hull the Parliamentarians ("Roundheads") fought back, re-taking Yorkshire town by town, until they won the Battle of Marston Moor and with it control of all of the North of England.[45]
In the 16th and 17th centuries Leeds and other wool industry centred towns continued to grow, along with Huddersfield, Hull and Sheffield, while coal mining first came into prominence in the West Riding of Yorkshire.[46] Canals and turnpike roads were introduced in the late 18th century. In the following century the spa towns of Harrogate and Scarborough also flourished, due to people believing mineral water had curing properties.[47]
Yorkshire today[link]
Main article: History of local government in Yorkshire
The 19th century saw Yorkshire's continued growth, with the population growing and the Industrial Revolution continuing with prominent industries in coal, textile and steel (especially in Sheffield). However, despite the booming industry, living conditions declined in the industrial towns due to overcrowding, this saw bouts of cholera in both 1832 and 1848.[48] Fortunately for the county, advances were made by the end of the century with the introduction of modern sewers and water supplies. Several Yorkshire railway networks were introduced as railways spread across the country to reach remote areas.[49] County councils were created for the three ridings in 1889, but their area of control did not include the large towns, which became county boroughs, and included an increasing large part of the population.[50]
During the Second World War, Yorkshire became an important base for RAF Bomber Command and brought the county into the cutting edge of the war.[51] In the 1970s there were major reforms of local government throughout the United Kingdom. Some of the changes were unpopular,[52] and controversially Yorkshire and its ridings lost status in 1974[53] as part of the Local Government Act 1972.[54] The East Riding was resurrected with reduced boundaries in 1996 with the abolition of Humberside. With slightly different borders, the government office entity which currently contains most of the area of Yorkshire is the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England.[53] This region includes a northern slice of Lincolnshire, but omits Saddleworth (now in Greater Manchester); the Forest of Bowland (Lancashire); Sedbergh and Dent (Cumbria); Upper Teesdale (County Durham) as well as Middlesbrough, and Redcar and Cleveland.[52]
Geography[link]
Physical and geological[link]
- Main articles: Geology of Yorkshire and List of places in Yorkshire
Historically, the northern boundary of Yorkshire was the River Tees, the eastern boundary was the North Sea coast and the southern boundary was the Humber Estuary and River Don and River Sheaf. The western boundary meandered along the western slopes of the Pennine Hills to again meet the River Tees.[55] It is bordered by several other historic counties in the form of County Durham, Lincolnshire, Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire, Cheshire, Lancashire and Westmorland.[56] In Yorkshire there is a very close relationship between the major topographical areas and the geological period in which they were formed.[55] The Pennine chain of hills in the west is of Carboniferous origin. The central vale is Permo-Triassic. The North York Moors in the north-east of the county are Jurassic in age while the Yorkshire Wolds to the south east are Cretaceous chalk uplands.[55]
Yorkshire is drained by several rivers. In western and central Yorkshire the many rivers empty their waters into the River Ouse which reaches the North Sea via the Humber Estuary.[57] The most northerly of the rivers in the Ouse system is the River Swale, which drains Swaledale before passing through Richmond and meandering across the Vale of Mowbray. Next, draining Wensleydale, is the River Ure, which joins the Swale east of Boroughbridge. The River Nidd rises on the edge of the Yorkshire Dales National Park and flows along Nidderdale before reaching the Vale of York.[57]
The Ouse is the name given to the river after its confluence with the Ure at Ouse Gill Beck. The River Wharfe, which drains Wharfedale, joins the Ouse upstream of Cawood.[57] The Rivers Aire and Calder are more southerly contributors to the River Ouse and the most southerly Yorkshire tributary is the River Don, which flows northwards to join the main river at Goole. In the far north of the county the River Tees flows eastwards through Teesdale and empties its waters into the North Sea downstream of Middlesbrough. The smaller River Esk flows from west to east at the northern foot of the North York Moors to reach the sea at Whitby.[57] The River Derwent rises on the North York Moors, flows south then westwards through the Vale of Pickering then turns south again to drain the eastern part of the Vale of York. It empties into the River Ouse at Barmby on the Marsh.[57] To the east of the Yorkshire Wolds the River Hull flows southwards to join the Humber Estuary at Kingston upon Hull. The western Pennines are served by the River Ribble which drains westwards into the Irish Sea close to Lytham St Annes.[57]
Natural areas[link]
Main article: Topographical areas of Yorkshire
The countryside of Yorkshire has acquired the common nickname of God's Own County.[4][8] In recent times, North Yorkshire has displaced Kent to take the title Garden of England according to The Guardian.[58] Yorkshire includes the North York Moors and Yorkshire Dales National Parks, and part of the Peak District National Park. Nidderdale and the Howardian Hills are designated Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty.[59] Spurn Point, Flamborough Head and the coastal North York Moors are designated Heritage Coast areas,[60] and are noted for their scenic views with rugged cliffs[61] such as the jet cliffs at Whitby,[61] the limestone cliffs at Filey and the chalk cliffs at Flamborough Head.[62][63] Moor House - Upper Teesdale, most of which is part of the former North Riding of Yorkshire, is one of England's largest national nature reserves.[64]
The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds runs nature reserves such as the one at Bempton Cliffs with coastal wildlife such as the Northern Gannet, Atlantic Puffin and Razorbill.[65] Spurn Point is a narrow, 3 miles (4.8 km) long sand spit. It is a National Nature Reserve owned by the Yorkshire Wildlife Trust and is noted for its cyclical nature whereby the spit is destroyed and re-created approximately once every 250 years.[66] There are seaside resorts in Yorkshire with sand beaches; Scarborough is Britain's oldest seaside resort dating back to the spa town-era in the 17th century,[67] while Whitby has been voted as the United Kingdom's best beach, with a "postcard-perfect harbour".[68]
Historically, Yorkshire was divided into three ridings and the Ainsty of York. The term 'riding' is of Viking origin and derives from Threthingr meaning a third part. The three ridings in Yorkshire were named the East Riding, West Riding and North Riding.[69] The East and North Ridings of Yorkshire were separated by the River Derwent and the West and North Ridings were separated by the Ouse and the Ure/Nidd watershed. In 1974 the three ridings of Yorkshire were abolished and York which had been independent of the three ridings, was incorporated into the new county called North Yorkshire. It later became part of York Unitary Authority.[70]
Economy[link]
 |
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Yorkshire largely has a mixed economy. The City of Leeds is Yorkshire's largest city (see the list of English districts by population) and is the main centre of trade and commerce. Leeds is one of the UK's largest financial centres. Leeds' traditional industries have been mixed between the service-based industries as well as textile manufacturing and coal mining to the south and east of the city. Sheffield traditionally has had heavy industrial manufacturing such as coal mining and the steel industry. Since the decline of such industries Sheffield has attracted tertiary and administrative businesses including a growing retail trade, particularly with the development of Meadowhall. However, while Sheffield's heavy industry has declined, the region has reinvented itself as a world renowned centre for specialist engineering. A cluster of hi-tech facilities including The Welding Institute and the Boeing partnered Advanced Materials Research Centre[71] have all helped to raise the region's profile and to bring significant investment into Yorkshire. Bradford, Halifax, Keighley and Huddersfield are traditional centres of wool milling. These have since declined, and in areas such as Bradford, Dewsbury and Keighley have suffered a decline in their local economy. North Yorkshire has an established tourist industry with two national parks (Yorkshire Dales National Park, North Yorkshire Moors National Park), Harrogate, York and Scarborough and such an industry is growing in Leeds. Kingston upon Hull is Yorkshire's largest port and has a large manufacturing base, its fishing industry has however declined somewhat in recent years. The North still has an agricultural backdrop, although this is much more diversified than once was the case, with tourism to help support local businesses.
Coal mining was prolific in the south of the county during the 19th century and for most of the 20th century, particularly around Barnsley and Wakefield. As late as the 1970s, the number of miners working in the area was still in six figures.[72] However, the bulk of the industry was placed under threat on 6 March 1984 when the Conservative governed National Coal Board announced the closure of 20 pits nationwide (some of them in South Yorkshire) in a move which would result in the loss of some 20,000 jobs, a significant percentage of these being in the region as well. Three days later, miners in South Yorkshire went on strike and within a short time most of the rest of the country's miners had followed suit. Orgreave coking plant near Sheffield was picketed by striking miners on 29 May that year, with the subsequent clashes between miners and police resulting in 69 injuries and 81 arrests.[73] On 15 June, a striking miner was killed in a clash at Kellingley Colliery near Pontefract. Several other coal pits in the area were also scene of violent clashes before the strike finally ended on 3 March 1985 after virtually a whole year.[74] By March 2004, a mere three coalpits remained open in the area.[75] Three years later, the only remaining coal pit in the region was Maltby Colliery near Rotherham.[76]
Many large British companies are based in Yorkshire or were founded there. These include; Morrisons (Bradford), Asda (Leeds), Comet (Hull), Jet2.com (Leeds), Ronseal (Sheffield), Optare (Leeds), Wharfedale (Leeds), Plaxton (Scarborough), Little Chef (Sheffield), Halifax Bank (Halifax), Yorkshire Bank Leeds, Yorkshire Building Society Bradford, GHD (Leeds), Marks and Spencer (Leeds), Burtons (Leeds), Jaeger Ilkley, Magnet Kitchens (Keighley), McCains (Scarborough), First Direct (Leeds), Tetley's Brewery (Leeds), Timothy Taylor Brewery (Keighley), Bradford and Bingley (Bingley) and Skipton Building Society (Skipton).
Transport[link]
_and_M62_interchange.jpg)
The most prominent road in Yorkshire, historically called the Great North Road, is known as the A1.[77] This trunk road passes through the centre of the county and is the prime route from London to Edinburgh.[78] Another important road is the more easterly A19 road which starts in Doncaster and ends just north of Newcastle-upon-Tyne at Seaton Burn. The M62 motorway crosses the county from east to west from Hull towards Greater Manchester and Merseyside.[79] The M1 carries traffic from London and the south of England to Yorkshire. In 1999 about 8 miles (13 km) was added to make it swing east of Leeds and connect to the A1.[80] The East Coast Main Line rail link between Scotland and London runs roughly parallel with the A1 through Yorkshire and the Trans Pennine rail link runs east to west from Hull to Liverpool via Leeds.[81]
Before the advent of rail transport, the seaports of Hull and Whitby played an important role in transporting goods. Historically canals were used, including the Leeds and Liverpool Canal, which is the longest canal in England. Mainland Europe (the Netherlands and Belgium) can be reached from Hull via regular ferry services from P&O Ferries.[82] Yorkshire also has air transport services from Leeds Bradford International Airport. This airport has experienced significant and rapid growth in both terminal size and passenger facilities since 1996, when improvements began, until the present day.[83] South Yorkshire is served by the Robin Hood Airport Doncaster Sheffield, based in Finningley.[84] Sheffield City Airport opened in 1997 after years of Sheffield having no airport, due to a council decision in the 1960s not to develop one because of the city's good rail links with London and the development of airports in other nearby areas. The newly opened airport never managed to compete with larger airports such as Leeds Bradford International Airport and East Midlands Airport and attracted only a few scheduled flights, while the runway was too short to support low cost carriers. The opening of Doncaster Sheffield Airport, effectively made the airport redundant and it officially closed in April 2008.
Culture[link]
Main article: Culture of Yorkshire
See also: Yorkshire dialect and accent
The culture of the people of Yorkshire is an accumulated product of a number of different civilisations who have directly controlled its history, including; the Celts (Brigantes and Parisii), Romans, Angles, Norse Vikings and Normans amongst others.[85] The western part of the historic North Riding had an additional infusion of Breton culture due to the Honour of Richmond being occupied by Alain Le Roux, grandson of Geoffrey I, Duke of Brittany.[86] The people of Yorkshire are immensely proud of their county and local culture and it is sometimes suggested they identify more strongly with their county than they do with their country.[87] Yorkshire people have their own Yorkshire dialects and accents and are, or rather were, known as Tykes. Though distinct accents remain, dialects are no longer in everyday use. Some have incorrectly argued the dialect was a fully fledged language in its own right.[88] The county has also produced a unique set of Yorkshire colloquialisms, which are in use in the county. Among Yorkshire's unique traditions is the Long Sword dance, a traditional dance not found elsewhere in England. The most famous traditional song of Yorkshire is On Ilkla Moor Baht 'at ("On Ilkley Moor without a hat"), it is considered the unofficial anthem of the county.[89]
Architecture[link]
Throughout Yorkshire many castles were built during the Norman-Breton period, particularly after the Harrying of the North. These included Bowes Castle, Pickering Castle, Richmond Castle, Skipton Castle, York Castle and others.[90] Later medieval castles at Helmsley, Middleham and Scarborough were built as a means of defence against the invading Scots.[91] Middleham is notable because Richard III of England spent his childhood there.[91] The remains of these castles, some being English Heritage sites, are popular tourist destinations.[91] There are several stately homes in Yorkshire which carry the name "castle" in their title, even though they are more akin to a palace.[92] The most notable examples are Allerton Castle and Castle Howard,[93] both linked to the Howard family.[94] Castle Howard and the Earl of Harewood's residence, Harewood House, are included amongst the Treasure Houses of England, a group of nine English stately homes.[95]
There are numerous other Grade I listed buildings within the historic county including public buildings such as Leeds Town Hall, Sheffield Town Hall, Ormesby Hall, the Yorkshire Museum and Guildhall at York. Large estates with significant buildings were constructed at Brodsworth Hall, Temple Newsam and Wentworth Castle. In addition to this there are properties which are conserved and managed by the National Trust, such as Nunnington Hall, the Rievaulx Terrace & Temples and Studley Royal Park.[96] Religious architecture includes extant cathedrals as well as the ruins of monasteries and abbeys. Many of these prominent buildings suffered from the Dissolution of the Monasteries under Henry VIII; these include Bolton Abbey, Fountains Abbey, Gisborough Priory, Rievaulx Abbey, St Mary's Abbey and Whitby Abbey among others.[97] Notable religious buildings of historic origin still in use include York Minster, the largest Gothic cathedral in northern Europe,[97] Beverley Minster, Bradford Cathedral and Ripon Cathedral.[97]
Literature and art[link]
When Yorkshire formed the southern part of the kingdom of Northumbria there were several notable poets, scholars and ecclesiastics, including Alcuin, Cædmon and Wilfrid.[98] The most esteemed literary family from the county are the three Brontë sisters, with part of the county around Haworth being nicknamed Brontë Country in their honour.[99] Their novels, written in the mid-19th century, caused a sensation when they were first published, yet were subsequently accepted into the canon of great English literature.[100] Among the most celebrated novels written by the sisters are Anne Brontë's The Tenant of Wildfell Hall, Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre and Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights.[99] Wuthering Heights was almost a source used to depict life in Yorkshire, illustrating the type of people that reside there in its characters, and emphasising the use of the stormy Yorkshire moors. Nowadays, the parsonage which was their former home is now a museum in their honour.[101] Bram Stoker authored Dracula while living in Whitby[102] and it includes several elements of local folklore including the beaching of the Russian ship Dmitri, which became the basis of Demeter in the book.[103]
The novelist tradition in Yorkshire continued into the 20th century, with authors such as J. B. Priestley, Alan Bennett, A S Byatt, and Barbara Taylor Bradford being prominent examples.[104][105] Taylor Bradford is noted for A Woman of Substance which was one of the top-ten best selling novels in history.[106] Another well known author was children's writer Arthur Ransome who penned the Swallows and Amazons series.[105] James Herriot, the best selling author of over 60 million copies of books about his experiences of some 50 years as a veterinarian in Thirsk, North Yorkshire, the town which he refers to as Darrowby in his books[107] (although born in Sunderland), has been admired for his easy reading style and interesting characters.[108] Poets include Ted Hughes, W. H. Auden, William Empson and Andrew Marvell.[105][109][110] Three well known sculptors emerged in the 20th century; contemporaries Henry Moore and Barbara Hepworth, and Leeds-raised eco artist Andy Goldsworthy. Some of their works are available for public viewing at the Yorkshire Sculpture Park.[111] There are several art galleries in Yorkshire featuring extensive collections, such as Ferens Art Gallery, Leeds Art Gallery, Millennium Galleries and York Art Gallery.[112][113][114] Some of the better known local painters are William Etty and David Hockney;[115] many works by the latter are housed at Salts Mill 1853 Gallery in Saltaire.[116]
Sport[link]
File:Sheffield FC.svg
Badge of the world's oldest football club; Sheffield F.C..
Yorkshire has a long tradition in the field of sports, with participation in football, rugby league, cricket and horse racing being the most established sporting ventures.[117][118][119][120] Yorkshire County Cricket Club represents the historic county in the domestic first class cricket County Championship; with a total of 30 championship titles, 12 more than any other county, Yorkshire is the most decorated county cricket club.[119] Some of the most highly regarded figures in the game were born in the county[121] amongst them Geoff Boycott, Len Hutton and Herbert Sutcliffe.[121] England's oldest horse race, which began in 1519, is run each year at Kiplingcotes near Market Weighton.[120] Continuing this tradition in the field of horse racing, there are currently nine established racecourses in the county.[122] Britain's oldest organised fox hunt is the Bilsdale, originally founded in 1668.[123][124] Yorkshire is officially recognised by FIFA as the birth-place of club football,[125][126] as Sheffield FC founded in 1857 are certified as the oldest association football club in the world.[127] The world's first inter-club match and local derby was competed in the county, at the world's oldest ground Sandygate Road.[128] The Laws of the Game which are now used worldwide were drafted by Ebenezer Cobb Morley from Hull.[129]
Football clubs founded in Yorkshire include Barnsley, Bradford City, Doncaster Rovers, York City, Huddersfield Town, Hull City, Leeds United, Middlesbrough, Rotherham United, Sheffield United and Sheffield Wednesday, four of which have been the league champions with Huddersfield being the first club to win three consecutive league titles.[130] Middlesbrough F.C. recently came to prominence by reaching the 2006 UEFA Cup Final[131] and winning the 2004 League Cup.[132] Noted players from Yorkshire who have had an impact on the game include World Cup-winning goalkeeper Gordon Banks[133] and two time European Footballer of the Year award winner Kevin Keegan,[134] as well as prominent managers Herbert Chapman, Brian Clough, Bill Nicholson, George Raynor and Don Revie.[135]
The Rugby Football League and with it the sport of rugby league was founded in 1895 at the George Hotel, Huddersfield, after a North-South schism within the Rugby Football Union.[136] The top league is the engage Super League and the most decorated Yorkshire clubs are Huddersfield Giants, Hull FC, Bradford Bulls, Hull KR, Wakefield Trinity Wildcats, Castleford Tigers and Leeds Rhinos.[137] In total six Yorkshiremen have been inducted into the Rugby League Hall of Fame amongst them is Roger Millward, Jonty Parkin and Harold Wagstaff.[138] In the area of boxing "Prince" Naseem Hamed from Sheffield achieved title success and widespread fame,[139] in what the BBC describes as "one of British boxing's most illustrious careers".[139] Yorkshire also has an array of racecourses, in North Yorkshire, there is Catterick, Redcar, Ripon, Thirsk and York in the East Riding of Yorkshire there is Beverley, in West Yorkshire there is Pontefract and Wetherby, while in South Yorkshire there is Doncaster.
The sport of Knurr and Spell was unique to the region, being one of the most popular sports in the area during the 18th and 19th centuries, prior to a decline in the 20th century to virtual obscurity.[140][141][142]
Cuisine[link]
The traditional cuisine of Yorkshire, in common with the North of England in general, is known for using rich tasting ingredients, especially with regard to sweet dishes, which were affordable for the majority of people.[143] There are several dishes which originated in Yorkshire or are heavily associated with it.[143] Yorkshire pudding, a savoury batter dish, is by far the best known of Yorkshire foods, and is eaten throughout England. It is commonly served with roast beef and vegetables to form part of the Sunday roast.[143]
Other foods associated with the county include: Yorkshire curd tart, a curd tart recipe with rosewater;[144][145] Parkin, a sweet ginger cake which is different from standard ginger cakes in that it includes oatmeal and treacle;[146] and Wensleydale cheese, a cheese associated with Wensleydale and often eaten as an accompaniment to sweet foods.[147] The beverage ginger beer, flavoured with ginger, came from Yorkshire and has existed since the mid 18th century.[citation needed] Liquorice sweet was first created by George Dunhill from Pontefract, who in the 1760s thought to mix the liquorice plant with sugar.[148] Yorkshire and in particular the city of York played a prominent role in the confectionery industry, with chocolate factories owned by companies such as Rowntree's, Terry's and Thorntons inventing many of Britain's most popular sweets.[149][150] Another traditional Yorkshire food is pikelets which are similar to crumpets but much thinner.[151] The Rhubarb Triangle is a location within Yorkshire which supplies most of the rhubarb to locals.
In recent years curries have become popular in the county largely due to the immigration and successful integration of Asian families. There are many famous curry empires with their origins in Yorkshire including the 850-seater Aakash restaurant in Cleckheaton which has been described as "the world's largest curry house".[152]
Beer and brewing[link]
Yorkshire has a number of breweries including Black Sheep, Copper Dragon, Cropton Brewery, John Smith's, Sam Smith's, Tetley's, Kelham Island Brewery, Theakstons and Timothy Taylor.[153] The beer style most associated with the county is bitter.[154] As elsewhere in the North of England, when served through a handpump, a sparkler is used giving a tighter, more solid head.[155]
Brewing has taken place on a large scale since at least the 12th century, for example at the now derelict Fountains Abbey which at its height produced 60 barrels of strong ale every ten days.[156] Most current Yorkshire breweries date from the Industrial Revolution of the late eighteenth and early 19th century.[153]
Music and film[link]
Yorkshire has a rich heritage of folk music and folk dance including particularly Long Sword dance.[157] Yorkshire folk song was chiefly distinguished by the use of dialect, particularly in the West Riding and exemplified by the song 'On Ilkla Moor Baht 'at', probably written in the later 19th century and using a Kent folk tune (almost certainly borrowed via a Methodist hymnal), but often seen as an unofficial Yorkshire anthem.[158] The most famous folk performers from the county are the Watersons from Hull, who began recording Yorkshire versions of folk songs from 1965.[159] Other Yorkshire folk musicians include Heather Wood (born 1945) of the Young Tradition, the short-lived electric folk group Mr Fox (1970–2), The Deighton Family, Julie Matthews, Kathryn Roberts, and Kate Rusby.[159] Yorkshire has a flourishing folk music culture, with over forty folk clubs and thirty annual folk music festivals.[160] In 2007 the Yorkshire Garland Group was formed to make Yorkshire folk songs accessible online and in schools.[161]
In the field of classical music, Yorkshire has produced some major composers, including Frederick Delius, George Dyson, Edward Bairstow, William Baines, Kenneth Leighton, Eric Fenby, Haydn Wood, Arthur Wood, Arnold Cooke, Gavin Bryars, and in the area of TV, film and radio music, John Barry and Wally Stott.
Yorkshire is often called the home of the brass band and the county boasts some of the most famous and successful bands in the world such as Black Dyke, Brighouse & Rastrick, Yorkshire Imperial, Yorkshire Building Society, and Carlton Main Frickley.[citation needed] Historically the bands evolved around the mines, mills and steel works in the county but the demise of these industries has meant that the bands are now professional ensembles in their own right.[citation needed] Although brass is still considered by many in the UK to be a niche form of music, its popularity has increased overseas and UK bands often perform in Europe, Australia, the far east and the USA.[citation needed]
During the 1970s David Bowie, himself of a father from Tadcaster in North Yorkshire,[162] hired three musicians from Hull in the form of Mick Ronson, Trevor Bolder and Mick Woodmansey; together they recorded Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars, an album that went on to become widely considered as one of the greatest and most influential of all time.[163] In the following decade, Def Leppard, from Sheffield achieved worldwide fame, particularly in America. Their 1983 album, Pyromania (album) and 1987 album, Hysteria (Def Leppard album) became one of the most successful albums of all time. Yorkshire had a very strong post-punk scene which went on to achieve wide spread acclaim and success, including; The Sisters of Mercy, The Cult, Vardis, Gang of Four, ABC, The Human League, New Model Army, Soft Cell, Chumbawamba, The Wedding Present and The Mission.[164] Pulp from Sheffield had a massive hit in the form of Common People during 1995, the song focuses on working-class northern life.[165] The 21st century saw popularity of indie rock and post-punk revival bands from the area with the Kaiser Chiefs, The Cribs and the Arctic Monkeys, the latter of whom hold the record for the fastest-selling debut album in British music history with Whatever People Say I Am, That's What I'm Not.[166] Also, the indie rock band One Night Only come from the village Helmsley.
The three most prominent British television shows filmed in (and based on) Yorkshire are the sitcom Last of the Summer Wine, the drama series Heartbeat, and the soap opera Emmerdale, the latter two of which are produced by Yorkshire Television. Last of the Summer Wine in particular is noted for holding the record of longest-running comedy series in the world, from 1973 until today.[167] Other notable television series set in Yorkshire include All Creatures Great And Small, The Beiderbecke Trilogy, Rising Damp, Fat Friends and The Royal. Several noted films are set in Yorkshire, including Kes, This Sporting Life, Room at the Top, Brassed Off, Mischief Night, Rita, Sue and Bob Too and Calendar Girls. A comedy film set in Sheffield named The Full Monty, won an Academy Award and was voted the second best British film of all-time by ANI.[168] The county is also referenced in Monty Python's The Meaning of Life during a segment on birth where a title card read, "The Miracle of Birth, Part II—The Third World". The scene opens into a mill town street, subtitled "Yorkshire".[169] Monty Python also performed the Four Yorkshiremen sketch live, which first featured on At Last the 1948 Show.[170]
Governance[link]
Politics[link]
Main articles: Yorkshire (UK Parliament constituency), High Sheriff of Yorkshire, and Lord Lieutenant of Yorkshire
From 1290, Yorkshire was represented by two Members of Parliament of the House of Commons of the Parliament of England. After the union with Scotland two members represented the county in the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1832. In 1832 the county benefited from the disfranchisement of Grampound by taking an additional two members.[171] Yorkshire was represented at this time as one single, large, county constituency.[171] Like other counties, there were also some county boroughs within Yorkshire, the oldest was the City of York which had existed since the ancient De Montfort's Parliament of 1265. After the Reform Act 1832, Yorkshire's political representation in parliament was drawn from its subdivisions, with Members of Parliament representing each of the three historic Ridings of Yorkshire; East Riding, North Riding and West Riding constituencies.[171]
For the 1865 general elections and onwards, the West Riding was further divided into Northern, Eastern and Southern parliamentary constituencies, though these only lasted until the major Redistribution of Seats Act 1885.[172] This act saw more localisation of government in the United Kingdom, with the introduction of 26 new parliamentary constituencies within Yorkshire, while the Local Government Act 1888 introduced some reforms for the county boroughs, of which there were 8 in Yorkshire by the end of the 19th century.[173]
With the Representation of the People Act 1918 there was some reshuffling on a local level for the 1918 general election, revised again during the 1950s.[174] The most controversial reorganisation of local government in Yorkshire was the Local Government Act 1972,[175] put into practice in 1974. Under the act, the Ridings lost their lieutenancies, shrievalties, administrative counties. County boroughs and their councils were abolished, to be replaced by metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties with vastly changed borders.[54] Although some government officials[176] and Prince Charles[177] have asserted such reform is not meant to alter the ancient boundaries or cultural loyalties, there are pressure groups such as the Yorkshire Ridings Society who want greater recognition for the historic boundaries.[178] In 1996 the East Riding of Yorkshire was reformed as a unitary authority area and a ceremonial county. The Yorkshire and the Humber region of government office covers most, but not all of the historic county.Yorkshire and the Humber is a constituency for European elections, returning six MEPs to the European Parliament.
Monarchy and peerage[link]
When the territory of Yorkshire began to take shape as a result of the invasion of the Danish vikings, they instituted a monarchy based at the settlement of Jórvík, York.[179] The reign of the Viking kings came to an end with the last king Eric Bloodaxe dying in battle in 954 after the invasion and conquest by the Kingdom of England from the south. Jórvík was the last of the independent kingdoms to be taken to form part of the Kingdom of England and thus the local monarchal title became defunct.[180]
Though the monarchal title became defunct, it was succeeded by the creation of the Earl of York title of nobility[181] by king of England Edgar the Peaceful in 960.(The earldom covered the general area of Yorkshire and is sometimes referred to as the Earl of Yorkshire)[181] The title passed through the hands of various nobles, decided upon by the current king of England. The last man to hold the title was William le Gros, however the earldom was abolished by Henry II as a result of a troubled period known as The Anarchy.[182]
The peerage was recreated by Edward III in 1385, this time in the form of the prestigious title of Duke of York which he gave to his son Edmund of Langley. Edmund founded the House of York; later the title would be merged with that of the King of England. Much of the modern day symbolism of Yorkshire, such as the White Rose of York, is derived from the Yorkists,[183] giving the house a special affinity within the culture of Yorkshire. Especially celebrated is the Yorkist king Richard III who spent much of his life at Middleham Castle in Yorkshire.[37][184] Since that time the title has passed through the hands of many, being merged with the crown and then recreated several times. The title of Duke of York remains prestigious and is given to the second son of the British monarch.[185]
Notable people[link]
Main article: List of people from Yorkshire
See also[link]
- Outline of England
- Yorkshire and the Humber
- 1931 Dogger Bank earthquake
- East Riding of Yorkshire
- High Sheriff of Yorkshire
- List of collieries in Yorkshire 1984-present with dates of closure
- List of Commissioners' churches in Yorkshire
- Lord Lieutenant of Yorkshire
- North Yorkshire
- South Yorkshire
- West Yorkshire
- Yorkshire Ambulance Service
- Yorkshire Building Society
- Yorkshire Forward
- Yorkshire Regiment
- Yorkshire Society
- Yorkshire Terrier
- Yorkshire Wolds
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- ^ "Murder in the Cathedral: Crown, Church and People 1154-1173" (PDF). SQA.org.uk. http://www.sqa.org.uk/files_ccc/03miHistoryInt2.pdf. Retrieved 2007-10-24.
- ^ "The White Rose of Yorkshire". YorkshireHistory.com. http://www.yorkshirehistory.com/yorkshirerose.htm. Retrieved 2007-10-24.
- ^ "Why a Yorkshire Branch Site?". Richard III Society - Yorkshire Branch. http://www.richardiiiyorkshire.co.uk/. Retrieved 2007-10-24.
- ^ "The Dukes of the Peerage of the United Kingdom: Duke of York". UKDukes.co.uk. http://www.ukdukes.co.uk/the_dukes/the_duke_of_york/. Retrieved 2007-10-24.
Notes[link]
- a Though the Wars of the Roses were fought between royal houses bearing the names of York and Lancaster, the wars took place over a wide area of England. They were a dynastic clash between cadet branches of the House of Plantagenet.The most prominent family in Yorkshire, below the monarchy, the Nevilles of Sheriff Hutton and Middleham fought for the Yorkists, as did the Scropes of Bolton, the Latimers of Danby and Snape, as well as the Mowbrays of Thirsk and Burton in Lonsdale. Yet some fought for the Lancastrians such as the Percies, the Cliffords of Skipton, Ros of Helmsley, Greystock of Henderskelfe, Stafford of Holderness and Talbot of Sheffield.
External links[link]
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- The History of Yorkshire
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"James Heriot" redirects here. For the American soldier, see James D. Heriot.
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2007) |
| James Alfred Wight | |
|---|---|
| Born | (1916-10-03)3 October 1916 Sunderland, County Durham, England |
| Died | 23 February 1995(1995-02-23) (aged 78) Thirlby, North Yorkshire, England |
| Resting place | Cremated and ashes scattered in unknown location |
| Pen name | James Herriot |
| Occupation | Veterinary Surgeon |
| Language | English |
| Nationality | British |
| Education | MRCVS |
| Alma mater | Glasgow Veterinary College |
| Period | 1940-1995 |
| Subjects | autobiographical, memoirs |
| Spouse(s) | Joan Catherine Anderson Danbury (1941-his death) |
| Children | James Alexander Wight (13 February 1943-present) Rosemary Page (Née Wight) (9 May 1947-present) |
| Relative(s) | James Henry Wight (father) Hannah Bell Wight (mother) |
James Herriot was the pen name of James Alfred Wight, OBE, FRCVS, also known as Alf Wight (3 October 1916 – 23 February 1995), a British veterinary surgeon and writer, who used his many years of experiences as a veterinarian to write a series of books of stories about animals and their owners. He is best known for these semi-autobiographical works, which are often referred to collectively as All Creatures Great and Small, a title used in some editions and in film and television adaptations.
Contents |
Biography[link]
James Alfred Wight was born on 3 October 1916, in Sunderland, County Durham, England, to James (1890–1960) and Hannah Bell (1890–1980) Wight. Shortly after their wedding, the Wights moved from Brandling Street, Sunderland[1] to Glasgow in Scotland, where James took work as both a ship plater and pianist for a local cinema, while Hannah was a singer, as well as a dressmaker.[1] For Alf's birth, his mother returned to Sunderland, bringing him back to Glasgow when he was three weeks old. He attended Yoker Primary School and Hillhead High School. From his father he gained a passion for Sunderland Football Club and remained a lifelong fan. In 1992 he was named a Life President of the club.
In 1939, at the age of 23, he qualified as a veterinary surgeon with Glasgow Veterinary College. In January 1940, he took a brief job at a veterinary practice in Sunderland, but moved in July to work in a rural practice based in the town of Thirsk, Yorkshire, close to the Yorkshire Dales and North York Moors, where he was to remain for the rest of his life. On 5 November 1941, he married Joan Catherine Anderson Danbury. The couple had two children, James Alexander (Jim), born 1943, who also became a vet and was a partner in the practice, and Rosemary (Rosie), born 1947, who became a physician in general practice.
Wight served in the Royal Air Force in 1942. His wife moved to her parents' house during this time and, upon being discharged from the RAF as a Leading Aircraftman, Wight joined her. They lived there until 1946, at which point they moved back to 23 Kirkgate, staying until 1953.
Later, he moved with his wife to a house on Topcliffe Road, Thirsk, opposite the secondary school. The original practice is now a museum, "The World of James Herriot", while the Topcliffe Road house is in private ownership and not open to the public. He later moved with his family to the village of Thirlby, about four miles from Thirsk, where he resided until his death.
Wight intended for years to write a book, but with most of his time consumed by veterinary practice and family, his writing ambition went nowhere. Challenged by his wife, in 1966 (at the age of 50), he began writing. After several rejected stories on other subjects like football, he turned to what he knew best. In 1969 Wight wrote If Only They Could Talk, the first of the now-famous series based on his life working as a vet and his training in the Royal Air Force during the Second World War. Owing in part to professional etiquette, which at that time frowned on veterinary surgeons and other professionals from advertising their services, he took a pen name, choosing "James Herriot" after seeing the Scottish goalkeeper Jim Herriot play for Birmingham City F.C. in a televised game against Manchester United. If Only They Could Talk was published in the United Kingdom in 1970 by Michael Joseph Ltd, but sales were slow until Thomas McCormack, of St. Martin's Press in New York City, received a copy and arranged to have the first two books published as a single volume in the United States. The resulting book, titled All Creatures Great and Small, was a huge success, spawning numerous sequels, movies and a successful television adaptation.
Wight was found to have prostate cancer in 1991,[1] and underwent treatment in the Lambert Memorial Hospital in Thirsk. He died on 23 February 1995, aged 78, at home in Thirlby.[2]
On 29 July 2009, UK-based open-access rail operator Grand Central Railway, which operates train services from Wight's birthplace of Sunderland to London King's Cross (calling at Thirsk), named Class 180 DMU No. 180112 (British Rail Class 180) "James Herriot" in his honour. The ceremony was carried out jointly by Alf Wight's daughter Rosie and son Jim.[3]
Author[link]
 |
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In his books, Wight calls the town where Herriot lives and works, "Darrowby", which he based largely on the towns of Thirsk[4] and Sowerby. He also renamed Donald Sinclair and his brother Brian Sinclair as Siegfried and Tristan Farnon, respectively, and used the name "Helen Alderson" for Joan Danbury.
Contrary to popular belief, Wight's books are only partially autobiographical, with many of the stories being only loosely based on real events or people. Wight's son, Jim, states that a lot of the stories, although set in the 1930s, 40s or 50s in the books, were actually inspired by cases that Wight attended in the 1960s and 70s.[1]
From an historical standpoint, the stories help document a transitional period in the veterinary industry; agriculture was moving from the traditional use of beasts of burden (in Britain, primarily the draught horse) to reliance upon the mechanical tractor and medical science was just on the cusp of discovering the antibiotics and other drugs that eliminated many of the ancient remedies still in use. These and other sociological factors, like increased affluence, prompted a large-scale shift in veterinary practice over the course of the 20th century; at its start, virtually all of a vet's time was spent working with large animals: horses (motive power in both town and country), cattle, sheep, goats and pigs. By the year 2000, the majority of vets practised mostly on dogs, cats, and other companion animals belonging to a population having a larger disposable income, people who could afford, and had the leisure time, to keep animals merely for pleasure. Wight (as Herriot) occasionally steps out of his narrative to comment, with the benefit of hindsight, on the primitive state of veterinary medicine at the time of the story he is relating; for example, he describes his first hysterectomy on a cat and his first (almost disastrous) Caesarean section on a cow.
The Herriot books are described often as "animal stories", (Wight himself was known to refer to them as his "little cat-and-dog stories".[5]) and given that they are about the life of a country veterinarian, animals certainly play a significant role in most of the stories. Yet animals play a lesser, sometimes even a negligible, role in many of Wight's tales: the overall theme of his stories is Yorkshire country life, with its people and their animals as primary elements, which provide their distinct character. Furthermore, it is Wight's shrewd observations of persons, animals, and their close inter-relationship, which give his writing much of its flavour. Wight was just as interested in their owners as he was in his patients and his writing is, at root, an amiable but keen comment on the human condition. The Yorkshire animals provide the elements of pain and drama; the role of their owners is to feel and express joy, sadness, and, sometimes, triumph. The animal characters also prevent Wight's stories from becoming twee or melodramatic; animals, unlike some humans, do not pretend to be ailing, nor have they imaginary complaints and needless fears. Their ill-health is real, not the result of flaws in their character, which they avoid mending. In an age of social uncertainties, when there seem to be no remedies for anything, Wight's stories of resolute grappling with mysterious bacterial foes or severe injuries have an almost heroic quality, giving the reader a sense of assurance, even hope. Best of all, James Herriot has an abundant humour about himself and his difficulties. He never feels superior to any living thing and is ever eager to learn — about animal doctoring and about his fellow human creature.
The books have been adapted for film and television, including a 1975 film titled All Creatures Great and Small and a long-running BBC television programme of the same title.
At the time of his death, the Reader's Digest Condensed Book volume containing All Creatures Great And Small (Volume 96, 1973 #5) was the most popular book in that series' history.[5] His last book, Every Living Thing, immediately went into the top 10 bestseller list in Britain, and had an 865,000 copy first edition printing in the United States.[5]
Herriot's fame has generated a thriving tourist economy in Thirsk. Local businesses include the "World of James Herriot" museum (located at 23 Kirkgate, the original practice surgery) and a pub called the "Darrowby Inn". Many of the original contents of his surgery can be found at the Yorkshire Museum of Farming in Murton, York. Parts of the BBC TV series set, including the living room and the dispensary (see picture, right), are on display at the James Herriot museum in Thirsk, which is also open to the public.
In July 2010 it was announced that Koco Drama,[6][not in citation given], a subsidiary of Shed Media, would be producing a three-part drama called Young James Herriot for the BBC, inspired by the true story of James Herriot/James Wight and how he learnt his trade in Scotland. This series will draw on archives and exclusive access to the diaries and case notes he kept during his student days in Glasgow, as well as the biography written by his son.[7] The book to accompany the BBC series, Young Herriot, was written by the historian and author John Lewis-Stempel. The first episode was shown on BBC1 on 18 December 2011.
In September 2010, the Gala Theatre in Durham presented the world premiere professional stage adaptation of All Creatures Great & Small.[citation needed]
Bibliography[link]
Books for adults[link]
- If Only They Could Talk (1970) ISBN 0-330-23783-7
- It Shouldn't Happen to a Vet (1972) ISBN 0-330-23782-9
- All Creatures Great and Small (1972)
- Let Sleeping Vets Lie (1973) ISBN 978-0-7181-1115-1
- Vet in Harness (1974) ISBN 0-330-24663-1
- All Things Bright and Beautiful (1974)
- Vets Might Fly (1976) ISBN 0-330-25221-6
- Vet in a Spin (1977) ISBN 0-330-25532-0
- All Things Wise and Wonderful (1977)
- James Herriot's Yorkshire (1979) ISBN 0-7181-1753-0
- The Lord God Made Them All (1981) ISBN 0-7181-2026-4
- Every Living Thing (1992) ISBN 0-7181-3637-3
- James Herriot's Cat Stories (1994) ISBN 0-7181-3852-X
- James Herriot's Favourite Dog Stories (1995) ISBN 0-7181-4062-1
Omnibus editions[link]
In the United States, Herriot's novels were considered too short to publish independently, and so several pairs of novels were collected into omnibus volumes. The title All Creatures Great and Small was taken from the second line of the hymn All Things Bright and Beautiful, and inspired by a punning suggestion from Herriot's daughter, who thought the book should be called Ill Creatures Great and Small.
- All Creatures Great and Small (1972) (incorporating If Only They Could Talk and It Shouldn't Happen to a Vet) ISBN 0-330-25049-3
- All Things Bright and Beautiful (1974) (incorporating Let Sleeping Vets Lie and Vet in Harness) ISBN 0-330-25580-0
- All Things Wise and Wonderful (1977) (incorporating Vets Might Fly and Vet in a Spin) ISBN 0-7181-1685-2
Dog Stories: fly leaf lists publishing dates of 1970, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1976, 1977, 1981 and 1986.
Books for children[link]
- Blossom Comes Home (1969) ISBN 0-7181-3060-X
- Moses the Kitten (1984) ISBN 0-312-54905-9
- Only One Woof (1985) ISBN 0-312-09129-X
- The Christmas Day Kitten (1986) ISBN 0-312-13407-X
- Bonny's Big Day (1987) ISBN 0-312-01000-1
- The Market Square Dog (1989) ISBN 0-312-03397-4
- Oscar, Cat-About-Town (1990) ISBN 0-312-05137-9
- Smudge, the Little Lost Lamb (1991) ISBN 0-312-06404-7
- James Herriot's Treasury for Children (1992) ISBN 0-312-08512-5
Biographies[link]
- Lord, Graham. James Herriot: The Life of a Country Vet (1997) ISBN 0-7472-1975-3
- Wight, Jim. The Real James Herriot: The Authorized Biography (1999) ISBN 0-7181-4290-X
- Lewis-Stempel, John. "Young Herriot: The Early Life and Times of James Herriot" (2011) ISBN 1-84990-271-2
See also[link]
- All Creatures Great and Small (film)
- All Creatures Great and Small (TV series)
- Young James Herriot (TV series)
- Donald Sinclair
- Brian Sinclair
References[link]
- ^ a b c d Wight, Jim. 2000. The real James Herriot: A memoir of my father. New York: Ballantine Books. ISBN 978-0-345-42151-7
- ^ Associated Press, Obituary
- ^ Douglas, Andrew (29 July 2009). "Grand Central Railways honour James Herriot". The Northern Echo. Newsquest Media Group. http://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/4518641.Grand_Central_Railways_honour_James_Herriot/. Retrieved 16 September 2009.
- ^ "Thirsk Tourist Information". Hello Yorkshire. http://www.hello-yorkshire.co.uk/north-yorkshire/thirsk/tourist-information/all-categories/all-specials/. Retrieved 8 June 2009.
- ^ a b c Margolis, Jonathan (12 December 2002 Time Magazine[not in citation given]
- ^ http://www.kocodrama.com/index.aspx
- ^ "BBC One and drama announce two exciting new commissions for Scotland", BBC Press Office, 26 July 2010. Retrieved 7 January 2012
External links[link]
 |
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: James Herriot |
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: James Herriot |
- Official James Herriot Website (worldofjamesherriot.org)
- James Alfred Wight OBE (thirsk.org.uk)
- Information on days out in Herriot Country and where to stay
- James Herriot at the Internet Movie Database
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Herriot, James |
| Alternative names | Wight, James Alfred |
| Short description | British veterinarian and author |
| Date of birth | 3 October 1916 |
| Place of birth | Sunderland, England |
| Date of death | 23 February 1995 |
| Place of death | Thirlby, England |
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
