- published: 06 Jun 2012
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- author: NaszeMiastoTV
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- Above mean sea level
- Adam Darski
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Aalborg
Aalborg (or Ålborg) (Danish pronunciation: [ˈʌlb̥ɒːˀ] (
listen)) is a Danish industrial and university city in North Jutland. The city of Aalborg has a population of 104,885 (126,556 including Nørresundby) making it the fourth largest city in Denmark in terms of population. The municipality of Aalborg has a population of 201,142 (2012) making it the third most populous municipality in the country after Copenhagen and Århus. The earliest settlements date back to around AD 700. Aalborg's location by the Limfjord made it an important harbour during the Middle Ages, and an industrial centre later. Today, the city is in transition from a working-class industrial city to a knowledge-based one.
Aalborg traces its history back over 1000 years. It was originally settled as a trading post because of its position on the Limfjord. The sites of what were two settlements and a visible burial ground can be seen on Lindholm Høje, a hill overlooking the city. The sizes of these settlements emphasise the significance of this place as a crossroads. The first mention of Aalborg under its original name Alabu, is found on a coin dated to 1040. An alternative spelling is Alebu and an approximate translation of the name is The (dwelling) place by the stream.
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Arka Gdynia
Morski Związkowy Klub Sportowy Arka Gdynia (Polish pronunciation: [ˈarka ˈɡdɨɲa]) is a Polish professional football club, based in Gdynia, Poland, that plays in the Polish 1 Liga. The club was founded as Klub Sportowy Gdynia in 1929. Its activities were interrupted between 1939–1945 due to the German occupation of Poland. They are allied with Cracovia Krakow
First Level: 1974-75, 1976-82, 2005-07, 2008-2011
Second Level: 1961-62 (2 seasons), 1964-68, 1969-74, 1975-76, 1982-84, 1985-87, 1988-89, 1992-95, 2001-05, 2007-08, 2011-
Third Level: 1954-60 (7 seasons), 1962-64, 1968-69, 1984-85, 1987-88, 1989-92, 1995-01
Fourth Level: 1953
Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
wn.com/Arka_Gdynia -
Baranovichi
Baranovichi /bəˈrɑːnəvɪtʃiː/ ( listen) (Belarusian: Бара́навічы [baˈranavʲitʂɨ], Łacinka: Baranavičy, Baranavichy; Russian: Бара́новичи, Polish: Baranowicze, Yiddish: באראנאוויטש, Baranovich), is a city in the Brest Province of western Belarus with a population (as of 1995) of 173,000. It is a significant railway junction and home to a state university.
The village of Baranowicze, as it was originally called, was first mentioned in 1706 as a private property of a Polish family named Rozwadowski. In the late 18th century, in the effect of the Partitions of Poland, the town became part of the Russian Empire. In the 1870s the locality became an important railway junction, on the crossing of the Warsaw-Moscow and Vilnia-Lviv lines, and was renamed Baranovichi after the Baranovich family. Soon the village started to grow, and by 1883 it became a town of almost 2,000 inhabitants. By 1897 the population of the town had risen to 4,600 inhabitants (ca. 50% Jews). At the beginning of the First World War it was chosen as the location of the Stavka, which was removed to Mogilev in August 1915.
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Barcelona
Barcelona (English /bɑrsɨˈloʊnə/, Catalan: [bərsəˈɫonə], Spanish: [barθeˈlona]) is the capital of Catalonia and the second largest city in Spain, after Madrid, with a population of 1,621,537 within its administrative limits on a land area of 101.4 km2 (39 sq mi). The urban area of Barcelona extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of between 4,200,000 and 4,500,000 within an area of 803 km2 (310 sq mi), being the sixth-most populous urban area in the European Union after Paris, London, the Ruhr, Madrid and Milan. About five million people live in the Barcelona metropolitan area. It is also Europe's largest metropolis on the Mediterranean Sea. It is the main component of an administrative area of Greater Barcelona, with a population of 3,218,071 in an area of 636 km² (density 5,060 hab/km²). It is located on the Mediterranean coast between the mouths of the rivers Llobregat and Besòs and is bounded to the west by the Serra de Collserola ridge (512 m/1,680 ft).
Founded as a Roman city, Barcelona became the capital of the County of Barcelona. After merging with the Kingdom of Aragon, Barcelona became one of the most important cities of the Crown of Aragon. Besieged several times during its history, Barcelona has a rich cultural heritage and is today an important cultural centre and a major tourist destination. Particularly renowned are the architectural works of Antoni Gaudí and Lluís Domènech i Montaner, which have been designated UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The headquarters of the Union for the Mediterranean is located in Barcelona. The city is known for hosting the 1992 Summer Olympics as well as world-class conferences and expositions, including the 1888 Exposición Universal de Barcelona, the 1929 Barcelona International Exposition (Expo 1929), the 2004 Universal Forum of Cultures, and the 2004 World Urban Forum.
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Bay of Puck
The Bay of Puck or Puck Bay (Polish: Zatoka Pucka; Kashubian: Pùckô Hôwinga), historically also known as the Bay of Putzig (German: Putziger Wiek), is a shallow western branch of the Bay of Gdańsk in the southern Baltic Sea, off the shores of Gdańsk Pomerania, Poland. It is separated from the open sea by the Hel Peninsula.
The bay has an average depth of 2–6 metres. There is a shallow sand-bank from Rewa Cape to Kuźnica in the middle of Hel Peninsula. The bay is available only for small fishing boats and yachts, which have to stick to the strict deeper routes. There are deposits of potassium salt below the Bay of Puck.
The main ports are Puck, Jastarnia, and Hel.
Coordinates: 54°40′00″N 18°35′00″E / 54.6667°N 18.5833°E / 54.6667; 18.5833
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Beijing
Beijing (
/beɪˈdʒɪŋ/; Chinese: 北京; pinyin: Běijīng, [peɪ˨˩ t͡ɕiŋ˥]), formerly romanized as Peking ( /piːˈkɪŋ/ or /peɪˈkɪŋ/), is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The metropolis, located in northern China, is governed as a direct-controlled municipality under the national government, with 14 urban and suburban districts and two rural counties. Beijing Municipality is surrounded by Hebei Province with the exception of neighboring Tianjin Municipality to the southeast.
Beijing is China's second largest city by urban population after Shanghai and is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's largest state-owned companies. Beijing is a major transportation hub in the national highway, expressway, railway and high-speed rail network. Beijing's Capital International Airport is the second busiest in the world by passenger traffic.
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Belarus
Belarus (
i/bɛləˈruːs/ bel-ə-ROOSS; Belarusian: Беларусь, Russian pronunciation: [bʲɛlaˈrusʲ] Russian: Беларусь, Белоруссия, Belarus', Belorussiya), officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered clockwise by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital is Minsk; other major cities include Brest, Grodno (Hrodna), Gomel (Homiel), Mogilev (Mahilyow) and Vitebsk (Vitsebsk). Over forty percent of its 207,600 square kilometres (80,200 sq mi) is forested, and its strongest economic sectors are agriculture and manufacturing.
Until the 20th century, the lands of modern-day Belarus belonged to several countries, including the Principality of Polotsk, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and the Russian Empire. In the aftermath of the Russian Revolution, Belarus became a founding constituent republic of the Soviet Union and was renamed as the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR). The borders of Belarus took their modern shape in 1939 when some lands of the Second Polish Republic were incorporated into it after the Soviet invasion of Poland. The nation and its territory were devastated in World War II, during which Belarus lost about a third of its population and more than half of its economic resources. The republic was redeveloped in the post-war years. In 1945 the Belorussian SSR became a founding member of the United Nations, along with the Soviet Union and the Ukrainian SSR.
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Belgrade
Belgrade ( /ˈbɛlɡreɪd/; Serbian: Београд; [beǒɡrad] ( listen); names in other languages) is the capital and largest city of Serbia. The city is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers, where the Pannonian Plain meets the Balkans. Its name in English translates to White city. The city proper has a population of over 1.1 million, while its metropolitan area has over 1.6 million people, making it one of the largest cities in Southeast Europe.
One of the largest prehistoric cultures of Europe, the Vinča culture, evolved around the area Belgrade in the 6th millennium BC. In antiquity, Thraco-Dacians inhabited the region, and after 279 BC Celts conquered the city, naming it Singidūn. It was conquered by the Romans during the reign of Augustus, and awarded city rights in the mid 2nd century. It was settled by the Slavs in the 520s, and changed hands several times before it became the capital of King Stephen Dragutin (1282–1316). In 1521 Belgrade was conquered by the Ottoman Empire and became the seat of a the Sanjak of Smederevo. It frequently passed from Ottoman to Habsburg rule, which saw the destruction of most of the city during the Austro-Ottoman wars. Belgrade was again named the capital of Serbia in 1841. The north of Belgrade remained a Habsburg outpost until 1918, when it was merged into the capital city. As a strategic location, the city was battled over in 115 wars and razed to the ground 44 times. Belgrade was the capital of Yugoslavia (in various forms of governments) from its creation in 1918, to its final dissolution in 2006.
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Berlin
Berlin ( /bɜrˈlɪn/; German pronunciation: [bɛɐ̯ˈliːn] ( listen)) is the capital city of Germany and one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.5 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city and is the second most populous city proper and the eighth most populous urban area in the European Union. Located in northeastern Germany, it is the center of the Berlin-Brandenburg Metropolitan Region, which has 5.9 million residents from over 190 nations. Located in the European Plains, Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. Around one third of the city's area is composed of forests, parks, gardens, rivers and lakes.
First documented in the 13th century, Berlin was the capital of the Kingdom of Prussia (1701–1918), the German Empire (1871–1918), the Weimar Republic (1919–1933) and the Third Reich (1933–1945).Berlin in the 1920s was the third largest municipality in the world. After World War II, the city became divided into East Berlin—the capital of East Germany—and West Berlin, a West German exclave surrounded by the Berlin Wall (1961–1989). Following German reunification in 1990, the city regained its status as the capital of Germany, hosting 147 foreign embassies.
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Białystok
Białystok ([bʲaˈwɨstɔk] ( listen)) (Belarusian: Беласток, Biełastok) is the largest city in northeastern Poland and the capital of the Podlaskie Voivodeship. Located in the North Podlasie Lowland (pl:Nizina Północnopodlaska) on the banks of the Biała River, Białystok ranks second in terms of population density, eleventh in population, and thirteenth in area, of the cities of Poland. It has historically attracted migrants from elsewhere in Poland and beyond, particularly from Central and Eastern Europe. This is facilitated by the fact that the nearby border with Belarus is also the eastern border of the European Union, as well as the Schengen Area. The city and its adjacent municipalities constitute Metropolitan Białystok. The city has a Warm Summer Continental climate, characterized by warm summers and long frosty winters. Forests are an important part of Białystok's character, and occupy around 1,756 ha (4,340 acres) (17.2% of the administrative area of the city) which places it as the fifth most "wooded" city in Poland.
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Brooklyn
Coordinates: 40°41′34″N 73°59′25″W / 40.69278°N 73.99028°W / 40.69278; -73.99028
Brooklyn is the most populous of New York City's five boroughs, with approximately 2.5 million residents, and the second-largest in area. Since 1896, Brooklyn has had the same boundaries as Kings County, which is now the most populous county in New York State and the second-most densely populated county in the United States, after New York County (Manhattan). It is also the westernmost county on Long Island.
Brooklyn was an independent city until it was annexed by New York City in 1898. It continues to maintain a distinct culture. Many Brooklyn neighborhoods are ethnic enclaves where particular ethnic groups and cultures predominate.
Brooklyn's official motto is Eendraght Maeckt Maght. Written in the (early modern spelling of the) Dutch language, it is inspired by the motto of the United Dutch Provinces and translated "Unity makes strength". The motto is displayed on the borough seal and flag, which also feature a young robed woman bearing fasces, a traditional emblem of republicanism. Brooklyn's official colors are blue and gold.
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Bydgoszcz
Bydgoszcz [ˈbɨdɡɔʂt͡ʂ] ( listen) (German: Bromberg (
listen), Latin: Bydgostia) is a city located in northern Poland, on the Brda and Vistula rivers. With a city population of 358,029 (June 2009), and an urban agglomeration with more than 460,000 inhabitants, Bydgoszcz is the 8th-largest city in Poland. It has been the seat of Bydgoszcz County and the co-capital, with Toruń, of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999. Prior to this, between 1947 and 1998, it was the capital of the Bydgoszcz Voivodeship, and before that, of the Pomeranian Voivodeship between 1945 and 1947.
Bydgoszcz is part of the metroplex Bydgoszcz-Toruń, which totals over 850,000 inhabitants. Bydgoszcz is the seat of Casimir the Great University, University of Technology and Life Sciences and a conservatory, as well as a Collegium Medicum of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń. Bydgoszcz hosts the Filharmonia Pomorska concert hall, the Opera Nova opera house, and the Bydgoszcz Ignacy Jan Paderewski Airport. Due to its location between the Vistula and Odra rivers, and the water course of the Bydgoszcz Canal, the city forms part of a water system connected via the Noteć, Warta, Odra, and Elbe with the Rhine and Rotterdam. Bydgoszcz was a candidate for the title of European Capital of Culture in 2016.
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Bytów County
Bytów County (Kashubian: bëtowsczi pòwiat, Polish: powiat bytowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Bytów, which lies 79 kilometres (49 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk. The only other town in the county is Miastko, lying 37 km (23 mi) west of Bytów.
The county covers an area of 2,192.81 square kilometres (846.6 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 75,313, out of which the population of Bytów is 16,715, that of Miastko is 10,987, and the rural population is 47,611.
Bytów County on a map of the counties of Pomeranian Voivodeship
Bytów County is bordered by Słupsk County to the north, Lębork County to the north-east, Kartuzy County and Kościerzyna County to the east, Chojnice County and Człuchów County to the south, and Szczecinek County and Koszalin County to the west.
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Cape Rozewie
Cape Rozewie (German: Rixhöft) is a headland on the Baltic coast of Poland, in Pomeranian Voivodeship. It was formerly thought to be the most northerly point in Poland, but since measurements carried out in December 2000, that distinction is now given to a nearby beach in Jastrzębia Góra, marked by the "Northern Star" obelisk on the clifftop. Rozewie is site of a lighthouse and a nature reserve. Both Rozewie and Jastrzębia Góra are parts of the town of Władysławowo.
In a well-known under the name Rosenhoupt (other sources: Rosehaupt) point already in ancient times the fire lit, designed to facilitate orientation during the fishermen fishing in the Baltic Sea. At Cape Rozewie, which is the northernmost point in Poland, at the end of the seventeenth century, became a lighthouse.
Unfortunately, after the partitions of the Prussian Polish coast is not burned any navigational light. It shone again only when the right by Rozewie there were several casualties (eg, during a storm in 1807, crashed here 14 French vessels).
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Cape Town
Cape Town (Afrikaans: Kaapstad; Xhosa: iKapa) is the second-most populous city in South Africa, and the provincial capital and primate city of the Western Cape. As the seat of the National Parliament, it is also the legislative capital of the country. It forms part of the City of Cape Town metropolitan municipality. The city is famous for its harbour as well as its natural setting in the Cape floral kingdom, including such well-known landmarks as Table Mountain and Cape Point. Cape Town is also Africa's most popular tourist destination.
Located on the shore of Table Bay, Cape Town was originally developed by the Dutch East India Company as a victualling (supply) station for Dutch ships sailing to Eastern Africa, India, and the Far East. Jan van Riebeeck's arrival on 6 April 1652 established the first permanent European settlement in South Africa. Cape Town quickly outgrew its original purpose as the first European outpost at the Castle of Good Hope, becoming the economic and cultural hub of the Cape Colony. Until the Witwatersrand Gold Rush and the development of Johannesburg, Cape Town was the largest city in South Africa.
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Chałupy
Chałupy (Kashubian: Chalëpë) is a popular Polish sea side resort with very good conditions for windsurfing and kitesurfing, it's a part of the town of Władysławowo. Located between Władysławowo and Kuźnica on the Hel Peninsula on the southern Baltic Sea in Puck County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland. 333 inhabitants (2005).
Coordinates: 54°46′N 18°31′E / 54.767°N 18.517°E / 54.767; 18.517
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China
China (i/ˈtʃaɪnə/; Chinese: 中国; pinyin: Zhōngguó; see also Names of China), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is the world's most-populous country, with a population of over 1.3 billion. Covering approximately 9.6 million square kilometres, the East Asian state is the world's second-largest country by land area, and the third- or fourth-largest in total area, depending on the definition of total area.
The People's Republic of China is a single-party state governed by the Communist Party of China. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four directly controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau). Its capital city is Beijing. The PRC also claims Taiwan—which is controlled by the Republic of China (ROC), a separate political entity—as its 23rd province, a claim controversial due to the complex political status of Taiwan and the unresolved Chinese Civil War. The PRC government denies the legitimacy of the ROC.
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Chojnice County
Chojnice County (Polish: powiat chojnicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Chojnice, which lies 103 kilometres (64 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk. The county also contains the towns of Czersk, lying 30 km (19 mi) east of Chojnice, and Brusy, 24 km (15 mi) north-east of Chojnice.
The county covers an area of 1,364.25 square kilometres (526.7 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 91,585, out of which the population of Chojnice is 39,716, that of Czersk is 9,463, that of Brusy is 4,582, and the rural population is 37,824.
Chojnice County on a map of the counties of Pomeranian Voivodeship
Chojnice County is bordered by Bytów County and Kościerzyna County to the north, Starogard County and Tuchola County to the east, Sępólno County to the south, and Człuchów County to the west.
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Częstochowa
Częstochowa [t͡ʂɛ̃stɔˈxɔva] ( listen) is a city in south Poland on the Warta River with 240,027 inhabitants (June 2009). It has been situated in the Silesian Voivodeship (administrative division) since 1999, and was previously the capital of Częstochowa Voivodeship (1975–1998). However, Częstochowa is historically part of Lesser Poland, not of Silesia, and before 1795 (see: Partitions of Poland), it belonged to the Kraków Voivodeship.
The town is known for the famous Pauline monastery of Jasna Góra, which is the home of the Black Madonna painting (Polish: Jasnogórski Cudowny obraz Najświętszej Maryi Panny Niepokalanie Poczętej), a shrine to the Virgin Mary. Every year, millions of pilgrims from all over the world come to Częstochowa to see it. The city was became home to the Frankism religion in the late 18th and 19th Century. There is also a Lusatian culture excavation site and museum in the city and ruins of a medieval castle in Olsztyn, approximately 25 kilometres (ca. 16 mi) from the city centre.
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Człuchów County
Człuchów County (Polish: powiat człuchowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Człuchów, which lies 115 kilometres (71 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk. The county also contains the towns of Czarne, lying 28 km (17 mi) west of Człuchów, and Debrzno, 16 km (10 mi) south-west of Człuchów.
The county covers an area of 1,574.41 square kilometres (607.9 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 56,797, out of which the population of Człuchów is 14,597, that of Czarne is 5,917, that of Debrzno is 5,359, and the rural population is 30,924.
Człuchów County on a map of the counties of Pomeranian Voivodeship
Człuchów County is bordered by Bytów County to the north, Chojnice County to the east, Sępólno County to the south, Złotów County to the south-west and Szczecinek County to the west.
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Côte d'Opale
The French Opal Coast covers the seaside holiday area of the Pas de Calais, from Calais in the north to Berck in the south, but also extends to Le Crotoy. It is known for its beautiful cliffs such as Cape Blanc Nez and Cape Gris Nez and for its wide area of dunes.
Many artists have been inspired by its landscapes, among them the composer Henri Dutilleux, the writers Victor Hugo and Charles Dickens, and the painters J. M. W. Turner, Carolus-Duran, Maurice Boitel and Eugène Boudin. It was the painter Édouard Lévêque who coined the name for this area in 1911 to describe the distinctive quality of its light.
Coordinates: 50°30′N 1°35′E / 50.5°N 1.583°E / 50.5; 1.583
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Dar Pomorza
Coordinates: 54°31′10″N 18°33′10″E / 54.5194°N 18.5529°E / 54.5194; 18.5529
The Dar Pomorza is a Polish sailing frigate built in 1909 which is currently preserved in Gdynia as a museum ship. She has served as a sail training ship in Germany, France, and Poland. Dar Pomorza won the Cutty Sark Trophy in 1980.
The ship was built in 1909 by Blohm & Voss and dedicated in 1910 by Deutscher Schulschiff-Verein as the German training ship Prinzess Eitel Friedrich, named for Duchess Sophia Charlotte of Oldenburg, wife of Prince Eitel Friedrich of Prussia. In 1920, following World War I, the ship was taken as war-reparations by Great Britain, then brought to France, where she was assigned to the seamen's school at St-Nazaire under the name "Colbert". The ship was then given to Baron de Forrest as compensation for the loss of a sailing yacht. Due to the high costs of refurbishing the ship, she was sold in 1929.
Still bearing the name Prinzess Eitel Friedrich, she was bought by the Polish community of Pomerania for £7,000, as the new training ship for the Polish Naval Academy in Gdynia. She was given the name Dar Pomorza, which means "the gift of Pomerania". In 1930 the ship was repaired and fitted with an auxiliary diesel engine.
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Darłowo
Darłowo [darˈwɔvɔ] (in full The Royal City of Darłowo; Polish: Królewskie Miasto Darłowo, German: Rügenwalde), is a town at the south coast of the Baltic Sea in Middle Pomerania, north-western Poland, with 14,931 inhabitants (2006). Located in Sławno County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999, it was previously in the Koszalin Voivodeship (1950–1998).
After the last Ice-age had ended at about 8.000 B.C., settlers of the Stone Age first populated the region. Celtic and Germanic culture artefacts have been found in the region including a number of Roman coins found around Darłowo.[citation needed]
On Ptolemy's chart of Germania Magna a settlement of the Rugians called Rugium is listed in the vicinity of a river which probably is identical with the Grabowa River flowing into the Wieprza river.
By the the 11th century a fortress named Dirlow, (or Dirlovo) existed where the River Wieprza entered the Baltic. From this fortress, the district of Dirlow was administered, which belonged to the castelany of Schlawe. The town of Rügenwalde was later founded in the district of Dirlow, but not at the location of the fortress itself.
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Denmark
The Kingdom of Denmark (Danish: Kongeriget Danmark, pronounced [ˈkɔŋəʁiːəð ˈdanmɑɡ̊] ( listen)) is a constitutional monarchy and sovereign state consisting the country of Denmark in northern Europe and two autonomous constituent countries, the Faroe Islands in the North Atlantic and Greenland in North America. The kingdom is a unitary state with some power being devolved from Denmark proper to Greenland and the Faroe Islands; this polity is referred to as the Danish Realm. Denmark proper is the hegemonial area, where judicial, executive, and legislative power resides. The Faroe Islands are defined to be a community of people within the kingdom, and the Greenlandic people are defined as a separate people with the right to self-determination.
Denmark is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, located southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. The country consists of a large peninsula, Jutland and many islands, most notably Zealand, Funen, Lolland, Falster and Bornholm, as well as hundreds of minor islands often referred to as the Danish Archipelago.
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Donas
The Donas hill is in Poland in the Pomerania region, within the borders of the City of Gdynia, in the Dabrowa district. Its height is 205.7 m. In March 1945, a battle took place between the Red Army and the Germans. On the top, there is a GSM tower erected (Idea-Donas tower 2004), with a visitors terrace 232 m above sea level. The view includes Gdańsk, Gdynia, Gdańsk Bay, Hel Peninsula and Wiezyca mountain, the highest in the Pomerania region. Nearby is the old and abandoned cemetery that served the village of Kolonia Chwaszczynska's population.
It is also referred to as the Donasty
Coordinates: 54°28′10″N 18°26′14″E / 54.46944°N 18.43722°E / 54.46944; 18.43722
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Dziwnów
Dziwnów [ˈd͡ʑivnuf] (German: Berg Dievenow) is a town in north-western Poland situated on the Baltic Sea at the mouth of the river Dziwna. Previously in the Szczecin Voivodeship (1975–1998), Dziwnów has been in Kamień Pomorski County in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999. The population is 3,031 (2004).
Dziwnów is twinned with:
Fishing Port
Yacht Quay
Bascule bridge
Coordinates: 54°01′N 14°45′E / 54.017°N 14.75°E / 54.017; 14.75
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England
Englandi/ˈɪŋɡlənd/ is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, while the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separate it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period, but it takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in AD 927, and since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century, has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world. The English language, the Anglican Church, and English law—the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world—developed in England, and the country's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation. England's Royal Society laid the foundations of modern experimental science.
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Finland
Coordinates: 65°N 27°E / 65°N 027°E / 65; 027
Finlandi/ˈfɪnlənd/ ( Finnish: Suomi; Swedish: Finland (help·info)), officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden in the west, Norway in the north and Russia in the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.
Around 5.4 million people reside in Finland, with the majority concentrated in the southern region. It is the eighth largest country in Europe in terms of area and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union. Finland is a parliamentary republic with a central government based in Helsinki and local governments in 336 municipalities, and an autonomous region of the Åland Islands. About one million residents live in the Greater Helsinki area, which consists of Helsinki, Espoo, Kauniainen and Vantaa, and a third of the country's GDP is produced there. Other larger cities include Tampere, Turku, Oulu, Jyväskylä, Lahti and Kuopio.
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France
France (Englishi/ˈfræns/ FRANSS or /ˈfrɑːns/ FRAHNSS; French: [fʁɑ̃s] ( listen)), officially the French Republic (French: République française [ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz]), is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is often referred to as l’Hexagone ("The Hexagon") because of the geometric shape of its territory. It is the largest western European country and it possesses the second-largest exclusive economic zone in the world, covering 11,035,000 km2 (4,260,000 sq mi), just behind that of the United States (11,351,000 km2 / 4,383,000 sq mi).
Over the past 500 years, France has been a major power with strong cultural, economic, military and political influence in Europe and around the world. During the 17th and 18th centuries, France colonised great parts of North America and Southeast Asia; during the 19th and early 20th centuries, France built the second largest colonial empire of the time, including large portions of North, West and Central Africa, Southeast Asia, and many Caribbean and Pacific Islands.
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Free City of Danzig
The Free City of Danzig (German: Freie Stadt Danzig; Polish: Wolne Miasto Gdańsk) was a semi-autonomous city-state that existed between 1920 and 1939, consisting of the Baltic Sea port of Danzig (today Gdańsk) and surrounding areas.
The Free City was created on 15 November 1920 in accordance with the terms of Part III, Section XI of the Treaty of Versailles of 1919 without a referendum. The Free City included the city of Danzig and over two hundred nearby towns, villages, and settlements. As the League of Nations decreed, the region was to remain separated from the nation of Germany, and from the newly resurrected nation of Poland. The Free City was not an independent state; it was under League of Nations protection and put into a binding customs union with Poland. Poland also had special utilization rights towards the city. The Free City was created in order to give Poland sufficient access to the sea, while at the same time recognizing that its population was mainly German.
In 1933, the City's government was taken over by the local Nazi Party and the democratic opposition was suppressed. After the German invasion of Poland in 1939, the Free City was abolished and incorporated into the newly formed Reichsgau of Danzig-West Prussia. Widespread anti-Semitic and anti-Polish discrimination and organized murder followed.
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Gdańsk
Gdańsk ( /ɡəˈdænsk/ or /ɡəˈdɑːnsk/; Polish: [ˈɡdaɲsk]; German: Danzig, pronounced [ˈdantsɪç]) is a Polish city on the Baltic coast, at the center of the country's fourth-largest metropolitan area.
The city lies on the southern edge of Gdańsk Bay (of the Baltic Sea), in a conurbation with the city of Gdynia, spa town of Sopot, and suburban communities, which together form a metropolitan area called the Tricity (Trójmiasto), with a population of over 800,000. Gdańsk itself has a population of 455,830 (June 2010), making it the largest city in the Pomerania region of Northern Poland.
Gdańsk is Poland's principal seaport as well as the capital of the Pomeranian Voivodeship. It is also historically the largest city of the Kashubian region. The city is close to the former late medieval/modern boundary between West Slavic and Germanic lands and it has a complex political history with periods of Polish rule, periods of German rule, and extensive self-rule, with two spells as a free city. It has been part of modern Poland since 1945.
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Gdańsk Bay
Coordinates: 54°28′59″N 18°57′31″E / 54.48306°N 18.95861°E / 54.48306; 18.95861
Gdańsk Bay or the Bay of Gdańsk or Danzig Bay (Polish: Zatoka Gdańska; Kashubian: Gduńskô Hôwinga; Russian: Гданьская бухта, Gdan'skaja bukhta, and German: Danziger Bucht) is a southeastern bay of the Baltic Sea. It is named after the adjacent port city of Gdańsk in Poland and is sometimes referred to as a gulf.
The western part of Gdańsk Bay is formed by the shallow waters of the Bay of Puck. The southeastern part is the Vistula Lagoon, separated by the Vistula Spit and connected to the open sea by the Strait of Baltiysk.
The bay is enclosed by a large curve of the shores of Gdańsk Pomerania in Poland (Cape Rozewie, Hel Peninsula) and the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia (Sambian Peninsula). The coast of the bay features two very long sandspits, the Hel peninsula and the Vistula Spit. The first one defines the Bay of Puck, the latter one defines the Vistula Lagoon.
The maximum depth is 120 meters, and it has a salinity 0.7%.
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Gdańsk County
Gdańsk County (Polish: powiat gdański) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. It includes areas to the east and south of the city of Gdańsk, from which the county takes its name, although the city is not part of its territory. The county seat and only town in Gdańsk County is Pruszcz Gdański, which lies 12 kilometres (7 mi) south of central Gdańsk.
The county covers an area of 793.17 square kilometres (306.2 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 85,566, out of which the population of Pruszcz Gdański is 23,986 and the rural population is 61,580.
Gdańsk County on a map of the counties of Pomeranian Voivodeship
Gdańsk County is bordered by the city of Gdańsk to the north, Nowy Dwór Gdański County to the east, Malbork County to the south-east, Tczew County and Starogard County to the south, and Kościerzyna County and Kartuzy County to the west.
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Gdynia
Gdynia [ˈɡdɨɲa] ( listen) (Kashubian: Gdiniô, German: Gdingen) is a city in the Pomeranian Voivodeship of Poland and an important seaport of Gdańsk Bay on the south coast of the Baltic Sea.
Located in Kashubia in Eastern Pomerania, Gdynia is part of a conurbation with the spa town of Sopot, the city of Gdańsk and suburban communities, which together form a metropolitan area called the Tricity (Trójmiasto), with a population of over a million people.
The area of the later city of Gdynia shared its history with Pomerelia (Eastern Pomerania); in prehistoric times it was the center of Oksywie culture; it was later populated by Slavs with some Baltic Prussian influences.
The decision to build a major seaport at the Gdynia village was made by the Polish government in the winter of 1920, in the midst of the Polish-Soviet War (1919–1920). The authorities and seaport workers of the Free City of Danzig felt Poland's economic rights in the city were being misappropriated to help fight the war.[citation needed] German dock workers went on strike, refusing to unload shipments of military supplies send from the West to aid the Polish army, and Poland realized the need for a port city it was in complete control of, economically and politically.
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General Government
The General Government (German: Generalgouvernement, Polish: Generalne Gubernatorstwo, Ukrainian: Генеральна губернія) was an area of Second Republic of Poland under Nazi German rule during World War II; designated as a separate region of the Third Reich (Großdeutsches Reich) between 1939–1945. Following Operation Barbarossa in June 1941, the former Polish eastern voivodeships (districts) of Kresy (earlier invaded by the Red Army in Nazi–Soviet pact) were added to the General Government by a decree issued by Adolf Hitler.
In terms of international and civil law, all of these acts were illegal from their inception, according to section III of the Fourth Hague Convention (1907) accepted by Germany. The area was not a puppet state; its rulers had no goal of collaborating with Poles throughout the war, regardless of their political orientation. The Nazi authorities made a determined effort to avoid even mentioning the name "Poland" in government correspondence. The only exception to this were the German-backed banknotes and coins (called 'zloty' and 'grosz') printed in 1940 in which the word was used for propaganda purposes. The government and administration of the General Government was composed entirely of Germans, with the intent that the area was eventually to become an ethnic German province. According to Heim ins Reich initiative the only locals remaining were to be those of German descent.
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German Empire
The German Empire (German: Deutsches Kaiserreich) is the common name given to the state officially named the Deutsches Reich (literally: "German Realm"), designating Germany from the unification of Germany and proclamation of Wilhelm I as German Emperor on 18 January 1871, to 1918, when it became a federal republic after defeat in World War I and the abdication of the Emperor, Wilhelm II.
The German Empire consisted of 27 constituent territories (most of them ruled by royal families). While the Kingdom of Prussia contained most of the population and most of the territory of the Reich; the Prussian leadership became supplanted by German leaders and Prussia itself played a lesser role. As Dwyer (2005) points out, Prussia's "political and cultural influence had diminished considerably" by the 1890s. Its three largest neighbors were rivals Imperial Russia to the east and France to the west and ally Austria-Hungary to the south.
After 1850, Germany industrialized rapidly, with a foundation in coal, iron (and later steel), chemicals and railways. From a population of 41 million people in 1871, it grew to 68 million in 1913. From a heavily rural nation in 1815, it was now predominantly urban. During its 47 years of existence, the German Empire operated as an industrial, technological and scientific giant, receiving more Nobel Prizes in science than Britain, France, Russia and the United States combined.
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Germany
Germany (i/ˈdʒɜrməni/), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland, pronounced [ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant] ( listen)), is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state and the largest economy in the European Union. It is one of the major political powers of the European continent and a technological leader in many fields.
A region named Germania, inhabited by several Germanic peoples, was documented before AD 100. During the Migration Period, the Germanic tribes expanded southward, and established successor kingdoms throughout much of Europe. Beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation while southern and western parts remained dominated by Roman Catholic denominations, with the two factions clashing in the Thirty Years' War, marking the beginning of the Catholic–Protestant divide that has characterized German society ever since. Occupied during the Napoleonic Wars, the rise of Pan-Germanism inside the German Confederation resulted in the unification of most of the German states into the German Empire in 1871 which was Prussian dominated. After the German Revolution of 1918–1919 and the subsequent military surrender in World War I, the Empire was replaced by the Weimar Republic in 1918, and partitioned in the Treaty of Versailles. Amidst the Great Depression, the Third Reich was proclaimed in 1933. The latter period was marked by Fascism and World War II. After 1945, Germany was divided by allied occupation, and evolved into two states, East Germany and West Germany. In 1990 Germany was reunified.
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Haikou
Hǎikǒu (Chinese: 海口), is the capital and most populous city of Hainan province, People's Republic of China. It is situated on the northern coast of Hainan, by the mouth of the Nandu River. The northern part of the city is the district of Haidian Island, which is separated from the main part of Haikou by the Haidian River, a branch of the Nandu.
Administratively, Haikou is a prefecture-level city, comprising four districts, and covering 2,280 square kilometres (880 sq mi). There are 2,046,189 inhabitants in the built up area all living within the 4 urban districts of the city.
Haikou was originally a port city. Today, more than half of the island's total trade still goes through its ports. The city is home to Hainan University, which has its main campus on Haidian Island.
The hanzi characters comprising the city's name, 海口, mean ocean/sea and mouth/port, respectively. Thus, the name "Haikou" is also a word for "seaport". Haikou originally served as the port for Qiongshan, the ancient administrative capital of Hainan island, located some 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) inland to the south east. During its early history Haikou was a part of Guangdong province. In the 13th century it was fortified and became a military post under the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). The port is located west of the mouth of the Nandu River, Hainan's principal river. When Qiongshan was opened to foreign trade under the Treaty of Tianjin in 1858, Haikou started to rival the old administrative city. In 1926, Haikou overtook Qiongshan in population and it was declared a separate administrative city. Haikou was developed as a port during the Sino-Japanese War (1937–45) when the Japanese invaded and occupied Hainan Island from early 1939 to 1945.
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Hel Peninsula
Hel Peninsula ( listen (help·info); Polish: Mierzeja Helska, Półwysep Helski; Kashubian: Hélskô Sztremlëzna; German: Halbinsel Hela or Putziger Nehrung) is a 35-km-long sand bar peninsula in northern Poland separating the Bay of Puck from the open Baltic Sea. It is located in Puck County of the Pomeranian Voivodeship.
The width of the peninsula varies from approximately 300 m. near Jurata, through 100 m in the most narrow part to over 3 km at the tip. Since the peninsula was formed entirely of sand, it is frequently turned into an island by winter storms. Until the 17th century the peninsula was a chain of islands that formed a strip of land only during the summer.
A road and a railroad run along the peninsula from the mainland to the town located at the furthest point, Hel, a popular tourist destination. Other towns, ports, and tourist resorts are Jurata, Jastarnia, Kuźnica, Chałupy, and Władysławowo.
After the peninsula became part of the Second Polish Republic after World War I, it acquired considerable military significance, and was turned into a fortified region, with a garrison of about 3,000. In the course of the Battle of Hel in 1939, Polish forces dynamited the peninsula at one point, turning it into an island.
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Hel, Poland
Hel [xɛl] ( listen) (Kashubian Hél, German Hela) is a town in Puck County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland, located on the tip of the Hel Peninsula, some 33 kilometres from the Polish mainland.
The Kashubian village of Hel was first mentioned in 1198 as a centre of herring trade area named Gellen. In one of the Danish chronicles of 1219 it is mentioned that a damaged ship of King Valdemar II the Victorious was set ashore on an "Island of Hel". By 13th century the village became one of the most important trade centres of the area, competing with the nearby town of Gdańsk (German: Danzig). It was then that the village was granted city rights by Duke Świętopełk II the Great of Pomerania. The privileges were later confirmed in 1378 when the town came under the rule of the Teutonic Knights.
Initially the town was located some 1.5 kilometres from its present-day centre. It contained a church, hospital, city house, two market places, several guest houses and a small port. However, during the 15th century the peninsula started to shrink through marine erosion and soon the town was relocated to a safer location. In 1417 St Peter's Church was built in the town, devoted to the patron saint of fishermen. Hel experienced a period of growth, but was later left behind by the faster growing city of Gdańsk. In 1466 King Casimir IV of Poland granted the town as a fief to the rulers of Gdańsk, which ended the century-long struggle for economical domination over the Gdańsk Bay. In 1526 King Sigismund I the Old withdrew all privileges previously granted to Hel and sold the town and the peninsula to the city authorities of Gdańsk. Since then Hel's fate was tied to the fortunes of its bigger neighbour.
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Hong Kong
Coordinates: 22°16′42″N 114°09′32″E / 22.27833°N 114.15889°E / 22.27833; 114.15889
Hong Kong (Chinese: 香港) is one of two special administrative regions (SARs) of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the other being Macau. A city-state situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is known for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour. With a land mass of 1,104 km2 (426 sq mi) and a population of seven million people, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Hong Kong's population is 95 percent ethnic Chinese and 5 percent from other groups. Hong Kong's Han Chinese majority originate mainly from the cities of Guangzhou and Taishan in the neighbouring Guangdong province.
Hong Kong became a colony of the British Empire after the First Opium War (1839–42). Originally confined to Hong Kong Island, the colony's boundaries were extended in stages to the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 and then the New Territories in 1898. It was occupied by Japan during the Pacific War, after which the British resumed control until 1997, when China resumed sovereignty. The region espoused minimum government intervention under the ethos of positive non-interventionism during the colonial era. The time period greatly influenced the current culture of Hong Kong, often described as "East meets West", and the educational system, which used to loosely follow the system in England until reforms implemented in 2009.
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Istanbul
Istanbul (Turkish: İstanbul) is the largest city in Turkey, forming the country's economic, cultural, and historical heart. With a population of 13.4 million, the city is at the center of the second-largest urban area in Europe after Moscow, and among the world's largest cities by population within city limits. Istanbul's vast area of 5,343 square kilometers (2,063 sq mi) is coterminous with Istanbul Province, of which the city is considered capital. Straddling the Bosphorus—one of the world's busiest waterways—in northwestern Turkey, between the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea, Istanbul is a transcontinental city, with one third of its population living in Asia but its commercial and historical center in Europe.
Founded around 660 BC as Byzantium on the Seraglio Point, the city now known as Istanbul developed to become one of the most significant cities in history. For nearly sixteen centuries following its reestablishment as Constantinople in 330 AD, it served as the capital of four empires — the late classical Roman Empire (330–395), the Eastern Roman ("Byzantine") Empire (395–1204 and 1261–1453), the Latin Empire (1204–1261), and the Ottoman Empire (1453–1922). It was instrumental in the advancement of Christianity during Roman and Byzantine times, before the Ottomans conquered the city in 1453 and transformed it into an Islamic stronghold from which the last caliphate ruled. Although the Republic of Turkey established its capital elsewhere, in Ankara, remnants of Istanbul's previous central role still remain highly visible across the city, with palaces and imperial mosques lining its hills.
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Jastarnia
Jastarnia [jasˈtarɲa] (Kashubian: Jastarniô, German: Heisternest) is a small town in Puck County, Pomeranian Voivodship, northern Poland. It is located on the Hel Peninsula on the Baltic Sea. Popular Polish seaside resort and small fishing port.
The municipal commune of Jastarnia consists of 3 districts: Jastarnia, Kuźnica, Jurata.
Jastarnia is twinned with: Wisła, Wałbrzych, Elbe-Parey, Baabe
Coordinates: 54°42′N 18°40′E / 54.7°N 18.667°E / 54.7; 18.667
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Jerusalem
Jerusalem ( /dʒəˈruːsələm/; Hebrew: יְרוּשָׁלַיִם Yerushaláyim ; Arabic: القُدس al-Quds and/or أورشليم Ûrshalîm) is the capital of Israel, though not internationally recognized as such, and one of the oldest cities in the world. It is located in the Judean Mountains, between the Mediterranean Sea and the northern edge of the Dead Sea. If the area and population of East Jerusalem is included, it is Israel's largest city in both population and area, with a population of 801,000 residents over an area of 125.1 km2 (48.3 sq mi). Jerusalem is also a holy city to the three major Abrahamic religions—Judaism, Christianity and Islam.
During its long history, Jerusalem has been destroyed twice, besieged 23 times, attacked 52 times, and captured and recaptured 44 times. The oldest part of the city was settled in the 4th millennium BCE. In 1538, walls were built around Jerusalem under Suleiman the Magnificent. Today those walls define the Old City, which has been traditionally divided into four quarters—known since the early 19th century as the Armenian, Christian, Jewish, and Muslim Quarters. The Old City became a World Heritage site in 1981, and is on the List of World Heritage in Danger. Modern Jerusalem has grown far beyond its boundaries.
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Jurata
Jurata - popular Polish sea side resort, part of the town of Jastarnia. Located on the Hel Peninsula in forested area between Jastarnia and Hel, on the Baltic Sea, Puck County, Pomeranian Voivodeship.
Jurata was established in the interwar period (1928) as a Polish sea side resort, popular especially among Varsovians. Its name comes from the Lithuanian Goddess Jūratė which in Polish is spelled as Jurata.
Railway station
Media related to Jurata at Wikimedia Commons
Coordinates: 54°40′N 18°43′E / 54.667°N 18.717°E / 54.667; 18.717
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Kaliningrad
Kaliningrad (Russian: Калинингра́д; Polish: Królewiec; Lithuanian: Karaliaučius; German: Königsberg; Czech: Královec) is a seaport city and the administrative center of Kaliningrad Oblast, the Russian exclave between Poland and Lithuania on the Baltic Sea. The territory, the northern part of the former East Prussia, borders on NATO and EU members Poland and Lithuania, and is geographically separated from the rest of Russia.
Originally named Königsberg in German, the town was founded in 1255 by the order of the Teutonic Knights in honour of the Czech king Přemysl Otakar II and was part of Prussia and then of Germany until 1945, but was largely destroyed during World War II. Its ruins were occupied by the Red Army in 1945 and its German population forced out. It was renamed Kaliningrad in 1946 in honor of Mikhail Kalinin.
According to the preliminary results of the 2010 Census, its population was 431,491—an increase from 430,003 recorded in the 2002 Census. Its ethnic composition is 77.9% Russians, 8.0% Belarusians, 7.3% Ukrainians, 1.9% Lithuanians, 0.6% Germans, and 0.5% Poles.
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Karlskrona
Karlskrona is a locality and the seat of Karlskrona Municipality, Blekinge County, Sweden with 35,212 inhabitants in 2010. It is also the capital of Blekinge County. Karlskrona is known as Sweden's only baroque city and is host to Sweden's only remaining naval base and the headquarters of the Swedish Coast Guard.
The city centre is located on the island of Trossö. The islet of Stumholmen was formerly property of the Navy and today it houses the National Naval Museum (Marinmuseum).
The city was founded in 1680 when the Royal Swedish Navy was relocated from the Stockholm area to the Trossö island which had up until then been used chiefly for farming and grazing. At the time Sweden was the dominant military power in the Baltic sea region, but needed a better strategic location against Denmark, since southern parts of Sweden had been conquered only a few decades ago (see the Torstenson War). The Swedish fleet tended to get stuck in the ice during winter while located to Stockholm and was therefore moved south. The island had a very strategic position with short sailing distances to the German and Baltic provinces. The city name means Karl's Crown in honour of King Karl XI of Sweden, the name being inspired by the name of the city Landskrona.
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Kartuzy County
Kartuzy County (Kashubian: kartësczi pòwiat, Polish: powiat kartuski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Kartuzy, which lies 29 kilometres (18 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk. The only other town in the county is Żukowo, lying 11 km (7 mi) east of Kartuzy.
The county covers an area of 1,120.04 square kilometres (432.4 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 109,311, out of which the population of Kartuzy is 15,263, that of Żukowo is 6,302, and the rural population is 87,746.
Kartuzy County on a map of the counties of Pomeranian Voivodeship
Kartuzy County is bordered by Wejherowo County to the north, the city of Gdynia to the north-east, the city of Gdańsk and Gdańsk County to the east, Kościerzyna County to the south, Bytów County to the west, and Lębork County to the north-west.
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Kashubia
Kashubia or Cassubia (Kashubian: Kaszëbë, Polish: Kaszuby, German: Kaschubei, Kaschubien) - is a language area in the historic Eastern Pomerania (Pomerelia) region of northwestern Poland. Located west of Gdańsk (inclusive of all but the easternmost district) and the mouth of the Vistula river, it is inhabited by members of the Kashubian ethnic group. According to the 1999 basic study Geografia współczesnych Kaszub (Geography of present-day Kashubia) by the Gdańsk scholar Jan Mordawski 43 municipalities (gminas) of the Pomeranian Voivodeship have a Kashubian share of at least one third of the total population:
The area in question is dominated by podsols formed on sand, gravel and loam. These are classes IV, V and VI soils, i.e. the least fertile types of soil. Brown soils formed on gravel and clay occur to a lesser extent, and are somewhat more fertile than the podsols. Land selected for cultivation usually has a pH of between 5.0 and 6.0. Postglacial relief characterised by numerous ponds and channel lakes are typical for Kashubia.
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Katowice
Katowice (Polish: [katɔˈvʲit͡sɛ] ( listen); German: Kattowitz) is a city in Silesia in southern Poland, on the Kłodnica and Rawa rivers (tributaries of the Oder and the Vistula respectively). Katowice is located in the Silesian Highlands, about 50 km (31 mi) north of the Silesian Beskids (part of the Carpathian Mountains) and about 100 km (62 mi) southeast of the Sudetes Mountains.
It is the central district of the Upper Silesian Metropolis, with a population of 2.2 million to 3.5 million. Katowice is the center of science, culture, industry, business and transportation in southern Poland. It is the main city in the Upper Silesian Industrial Region and of the 2.7 millionconurbation, the Katowice urban area, within a Silesian metropolitan area populated by 4,676,983 people.
Katowice has been the capital of the Silesian Voivodeship since its formation in 1999. Previously, it was the capital of the Katowice Voivodeship, before then, of the Silesian Voivodeship and before then Province of Upper Silesia in Germany.
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Kielce
Kielce [ˈkʲɛlt͡sɛ] ( listen) is a city in central Poland with 204,891 inhabitants (June 2009). It is also the capital city of the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship (Holy Cross Voivodeship) since 1999, previously in Kielce Voivodeship (1919–1939, 1945–1998). The city is located in the middle of the Świętokrzyskie Mountains (Holy Cross Mountains), at the banks of Silnica river, in northern part of the historical Polish province of Lesser Poland. Once an important centre of limestone mining, Kielce is now a centre of trade and commerce, with Kielce Trade Fairs (Targi Kieleckie) ranking third among Central and Eastern Europe trade fairs centres.
The area of Kielce has been inhabited since at least the 5th century BC. Until the 6th or 7th century the banks of the Silnica were inhabited by Kelts. They were driven out by a Slavic tribe of Vistulans who started hunting in the nearby huge forests and had settled most of the area now known as Małopolska and present-day Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. The lands of Wiślanie were at first subdued by Bohemia, however they soon came under the control of the Piast dynasty and became a part of Poland. According to a local legend, Mieszko, son of Boleslaus II of Poland dreamt he was attacked by a band of brigands in a forest. In the dream he saw a vision of Saint Adalbert who drew a winding line which turned into a stream. When Mieszko woke up, he found the Silnica River whose waters helped him regain strength. He also discovered huge white tusks of an unknown animal. Mieszko announced he would build a town and a church to St. Adalbert at that site. According to this legend, the town's name Kielce commemorates the mysterious tusks (kieł in Polish).
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Kotka
Kotka (literally eagle) is a town and municipality of Finland. Its former name is Rochensalm.
Kotka is located on the coast of the Gulf of Finland at the mouth of Kymi River and it is part of the Kymenlaakso region in southern Finland. The municipality has a population of 54,837 (31 January 2012) and covers an area of 949.74 square kilometres (366.70 sq mi) of which 678.45 km2 (261.95 sq mi) is water. The population density is 202.13 inhabitants per square kilometre (523.5 /sq mi). The city centre of Kotka is located at Kotkansaari island.
The municipality is officially unilingually Finnish.
The Port of Kotka is a major Finnish sea port that serves both the foreign trade of Finland and Russia.
The Second All-Russian Conference of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party was held in Kotka, on July 21–23 (Aug. 3–5), 1907.
Kotka is twinned with:
The most famous sport team from Kotka is KTP (Kotkan Työväen Palloilijat). It's currently competing in football and basketball.
View of Kotka
Lutheran Church in Kotka
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Kołobrzeg
Kołobrzeg [kɔˈwɔbʐɛk] ( listen) (German: Kolberg ( listen); Kashubian: Kòłobrzeg) is a city in Middle Pomerania in north-western Poland with some 50,000 inhabitants (as of 2000). Kołobrzeg is located on the Parsęta River on the south coast of the Baltic Sea (in the middle of the section divided by the Oder and Vistula Rivers). It has been the capital of Kołobrzeg County in West Pomeranian Voivodship since 1999, and previously was in Koszalin Voivodship (1950–1998).
During the Early Middle Ages, Slavic Pomeranians founded a settlement at the site of modern Budzistowo. Thietmar of Merseburg first mentioned the site as Salsa Cholbergiensis. Around the year 1000, when the area was under Polish rule, the stronghold became seat of the Diocese of Kołobrzeg. During High Middle Ages, the town was expanded with additional settlement was founded a few kilometers north of the stronghold in the course of the Ostsiedlung and chartered with Lübeck law. The city later joined the Hanseatic League. Within the Duchy of Pomerania, Kolberg was the urban center of the secular reign of the Cammin bishops and their residence throughout the High and Late Middle Ages. When Kolberg was part of Brandenburgian Pomerania during the Early Modern Age, it withstood Polish and Napoleon's troops in the Siege of Kolberg. From 1815, it was part of the Prussian province of Pomerania. During the 19th century a Polish community started to organize itself. As the Nazis took power in Germany, Poles and Jews were discriminated, determined to be subhuman and eventually subjected to genocide. In 1945 Polish and Soviet troops seized the town and it was subsequently attached to Poland, while the remaining German population which had not fled the advancing Red Army was expelled. The town, devastated in the preceding Battle of Kolberg, was rebuilt but lost its status as the regional center to the nearby Koszalin.
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Kościerzyna
Kościerzyna [kɔɕt͡ɕeˈʐɨna] (Kashubian/Pomeranian: Kòscérzëna, former German: Berent (help·info)) is a town in Kashubia in Gdańsk Pomerania region, northern Poland, with some 24,000 inhabitants. It has been the capital of Kościerzyna County in Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999; previously it was in Gdańsk Voivodeship from 1975 to 1998. It is around 50 km south-west of Gdańsk and Tricity.
Records of the Population of Berent from 1641- 1944 are on film rolls (see link below)
1960: 10,900 inhabitants of Kościerzyna
1970: 15,100 inhabitants
1975: 17,100 inhabitants
1980: 18,700 inhabitants
1990: 22,700 inhabitants
1995: 23,100 inhabitants
1998: 23,500 inhabitants
2003: 23,196 inhabitants (Men: 11 272)
City Hall
Railway Museum in Kościerzyna
View from train station in Kościerzyna
Retro train "Costerina" Gdynia - Kościerzyna
Marketplace
Kościerzyna is twinned with: Cölbe, Sanary-sur-Mer, Pryluky
Coordinates: 54°07′N 17°59′E / 54.117°N 17.983°E / 54.117; 17.983
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Kościerzyna County
Kościerzyna County (Polish: powiat kościerski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Kościerzyna, which lies 51 kilometres (32 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk. Its borders equal approximately the borders of the old Marquessate of Berent in the German Empire.
The county covers an area of 1,165.85 square kilometres (450.1 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 66,778, out of which the population of Kościerzyna is 23,016 and the rural population is 43,762.
Kościerzyna County on a map of the counties of Pomeranian Voivodeship
Kościerzyna County is bordered by Kartuzy County to the north, Gdańsk County and Starogard County to the east, Chojnice County to the south, and Bytów County to the west.
The county is subdivided into eight gminas (one urban and seven rural). These are listed in the following table, in descending order of population.
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Kraków
Kraków (Polish pronunciation: [ˈkrakuf] ( listen)) also Cracow, or Krakow (English /ˈkrækaʊ/), is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River (Polish: Wisła) in the Lesser Poland region, the city dates back to the 7th century. Kraków has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Polish academic, cultural, and artistic life and is one of Poland's most important economic hubs. It was the capital of Poland from 1038 to 1569; the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1569 to 1596; the Grand Duchy of Kraków from 1846 to 1918; and Kraków Voivodeship from the 14th century to 1999. It is now the capital of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship.
The city has grown from a Stone Age settlement to Poland's second most important city. It began as a hamlet on Wawel Hill and was already being reported as a busy trading centre of Slavonic Europe in 965. With the establishment of new universities and cultural venues at the emergence of the Second Polish Republic and throughout the 20th century, Kraków reaffirmed its role as a major national academic and artistic centre. The city has a population of approximately 760,000 whereas about 8 million people live within a 100 km radius of its main square.
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Krynica Morska
Krynica Morska [krɨˈɲit͡sa ˈmɔrska] is a town and coextensive municipality (gmina) on the Vistula Spit in northern Poland with 1,364 inhabitants (2006). It has been a part of Nowy Dwór Gdański County in Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999; previously it was in Elbląg Voivodeship (1975-1998). It received town rights in 1991.
Until 1945 it was in East Prussia (within Germany from 1870), and was known as Kahlberg. The settlement was first mentioned in 1424, and became a summer resort around 1840. When it came under Polish rule after the Second World War, it was given the name Łysica (the Polish root łys- corresponding to the German kahl, meaning "bald"). In 1958 it was remained Krynica Morska (Krynica being a common toponym in the south and east of Poland; Morska meaning "of the sea").
Krynica Morska is the main tourist destination on the Vistula Spit. The administrative area of the town extends along most of the Polish part of the spit, up to the Russian border, also including a number of other localities such as Przebrno and Piaski (the latter being about 4 km from the border, which is not crossable at present).
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Kuźnica
Kuźnica (Kashubian: Kùsfeld; German: Küsfeld) is a popular Polish sea side resort, a part of the town of Jastarnia. Located between Chałupy and Jastarnia on the Hel Peninsula on the southern Baltic Sea in Puck County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland. Inhabited predominantly by Kashubians. Fishery and tourism are main occupations of inhabitants.
Coordinates: 54°44′N 18°34′E / 54.733°N 18.567°E / 54.733; 18.567
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Latvia
Latviai/ˈlætviə/ (Latvian: Latvija), officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvian: Latvijas Republika), is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by Estonia (border length 343 km), to the south by Lithuania (588 km), to the east by the Russian Federation (276 km), to the southeast by Belarus (141 km), and shares maritime borders to the west with Sweden. With 2,067,887 inhabitants and a territory of 64,589 km2 (24,938 sq mi) it is one of the least populous and least densely populated countries of the European Union. The capital of Latvia is Riga. The official language is Latvian and the currency is called Lats (Ls). The country has a temperate seasonal climate.
The Latvians are a Baltic people, culturally related to the Lithuanians. Together with the Finno-Ugric Livs (or Livonians), the Latvians are the indigenous people of Latvia.Latvian is an Indo-European language and along with Lithuanian the only two surviving members of the Baltic branch. Indigenous minority languages are Latgalian and the nearly extinct Finno-Ugric Livonian language. In terms of geography, territory and population Latvia is the middle of three Baltic states: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. Latvia and Estonia share a long common history: historical Livonia, times of German (Teutonic Order), Polish-Lithuanian, Swedish, Russian, Nazi German and Soviet rule, 13th century Christianization and 16th century Protestant Reformation. Both countries are home to a large number of ethnic Russians (26.9% in Latvia and 25.5% in Estonia) of whom some are non-citizens. Latvia is historically predominantly Protestant, except for the region of Latgalia in the southeast which is historically predominantly Roman Catholic.
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Lithuania
Lithuania (i/ˌlɪθuːˈeɪniə/ or /ˌlɪθjuːˈeɪniə/; Lithuanian: Lietuva), officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Lietuvos Respublika) is a country in Northern Europe, the largest of the three Baltic states. It is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, whereby to the west lie Sweden and Denmark. It borders Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, Poland to the south, and a Russian exclave (Kaliningrad Oblast) to the southwest. Lithuania has an estimated population of 3.2 million as of 2011, and its capital and largest city is Vilnius. The Lithuanians are a Baltic people, and the official language, Lithuanian, is one of only two living languages (together with Latvian) in the Baltic branch of the Indo-European language family.
For centuries, the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea was inhabited by various Baltic tribes. In the 1230s the Lithuanian lands were united by Mindaugas, who was crowned as King of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the first Lithuanian state, on 6 July 1253. During the 14th century, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was the largest country in Europe: present-day Belarus, Ukraine, and parts of Poland and Russia were territories of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. With the Lublin Union of 1569, Lithuania and Poland formed a voluntary two-state union, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Commonwealth lasted more than two centuries, until neighboring countries systematically dismantled it from 1772 to 1795, with the Russian Empire annexing most of Lithuania's territory.
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London
Londoni/ˈlʌndən/ is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who named it Londinium. London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
London is a leading global city, with strengths in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism and transport all contributing to its prominence. It is the world's leading financial centre alongside New York City and has the fifth-largest city GDP in the world (and the largest in Europe). London has been described as a world cultural capital. It was the world's most visited city during 2011 and London Heathrow is the world's busiest airport by number of international passengers. London's 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education in Europe. In 2012 London will become the first city to host the modern Summer Olympic Games three times.
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Lublin
Coordinates: 51°14′N 22°34′E / 51.233°N 22.567°E / 51.233; 22.567
Lublin [ˈlublʲin] ( listen) (Ukrainian: Люблін, Liublin, Yiddish: לובלין Lublin) is the ninth largest city in Poland, and the second largest city of Lesser Poland. It is the capital of Lublin Voivodeship (province) with a population of 350,392 (June 2009). Lublin is also the largest Polish city east of the Vistula River. Lublin was a candidate for the title of European Capital of Culture in 2016. Lublin is situated around 170 km (105 miles) away from the capital, Warsaw.
The first permanent settlements on the Lublin site were established in the early Middle Ages, though archeological finds indicate a long, earlier presence of various cultures in the general area. The earliest, most significant settlement began in the 6th century, on a hill located in the suburb of Czwartek (in Polish Thursday, most likely in reference to the market day of the settlement). It is likely that the surrounding hills, notably the site of the present day Old Town, were also settled at around this time. In the 10th and 11th centuries the Czwartek settlement developed into an important trade centre. The location of Lublin at the eastern borders of the Polish lands gave it a military significance. The first fortification on the site may have been built as early as the 8th century, possibly on the Castle Hill. Certainly at the end of the 10th century a significant fortification existed there. As the castle grew, the Old Town hill adjacent to it became the main focus of settlement, and the Czwartek settlement declined in relative importance. The castle became the seat of a Castellan, first mentioned in historical sources from 1224, but quite possibly present from the start of the 12th, or even 10th century. The oldest historical document mentioning Lublin dates from 1198, so the name must have come into general use some time earlier.
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Lębork County
Lębork County (Polish: powiat lęborski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland, on the Baltic coast. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Lębork, which lies 61 kilometres (38 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk. The only other town in the county is Łeba, lying 29 km (18 mi) north-west of Lębork.
The county covers an area of 706.99 square kilometres (273.0 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 63,659, out of which the population of Lębork is 35,069, that of Łeba is 3,824, and the rural population is 24,766.
Lębork County on a map of the counties of Pomeranian Voivodeship
Lębork County is bordered by Wejherowo County to the east, Kartuzy County to the south-east, Bytów County to the south and Słupsk County to the west. It also borders the Baltic Sea to the north.
The county is subdivided into five gminas (two urban and three rural). These are listed in the following table, in descending order of population.
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Malbork County
Malbork County (Polish: powiat malborski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Malbork (site of the historic Malbork Castle), 46 kilometres (29 mi) south-east of the regional capital Gdańsk. The only other town in the county is Nowy Staw, lying 12 km (7 mi) north of Malbork. Until 2002 the county also included the areas which now make up Sztum County.
The county covers an area of 494.63 square kilometres (191.0 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 62,960, out of which the population of Malbork is 38,478, that of Nowy Staw is 4,447, and the rural population is 20,035.
Malbork County on a map of the counties of Pomeranian Voivodeship
Malbork County is bordered by Nowy Dwór Gdański County to the north, Elbląg County to the east, Sztum County to the south, Tczew County to the west and Gdańsk County to the north-west.
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Mielno
Mielno [ˈmjɛlnɔ] (formerly German Groß Möllen until 1945) is a large coastal village in Koszalin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Mielno. It lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) north-west of Koszalin and 135 km (84 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin. The village has a population of 2,200.
Mielno is a well-known tourist destination with sandy beaches on the Baltic Sea coast. It lies on a spit between the sea and the large Jamno lake. It is contiguous with the neighbouring resort of Unieście.
Gąski is one of three sites selected by Polish power company PGE in November 2011 to host a nuclear power station with a capacity of 3 gigawatts. In February 2012, residents voted overwhelmingly against the plan. Some 94 percent of the 2,389 people who took part in a referendum opposed the plant and only 5 percent supported it.
Coordinates: 54°15′36″N 16°3′39″E / 54.26°N 16.06083°E / 54.26; 16.06083
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Międzyzdroje
Międzyzdroje [mʲɛnd͡zɨˈzdrɔjɛ] (German: Misdroy) is a town and a seaside resort in northwestern Poland on the island of Wolin on the Baltic coast. Previously in the Szczecin Voivodeship (1975–1998), Międzyzdroje has been in Kamień Pomorski County in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999. Międzyzdroje has a population of 6000 (2004).
It is called The Pearl of the Baltic. It is situated between wide sandy beaches with high cliffs and the forests of the Woliński National Park (which includes a bison reserve). Międzyzdroje has a spa climate and is rich in tourist services.
Miedzyzdroje was the birth place of the Harvard World Model United Nations Conference in 1991.
Międzyzdroje is twinned with:
Coordinates: 53°56′N 14°27′E / 53.933°N 14.45°E / 53.933; 14.45
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Montreal
Montreal (
i/ˌmʌntriːˈɒl/;French: Montréal; pronounced [mɔ̃ʁeal] (
listen)) is a city in Canada. It is the largest city in the province of Quebec, the second-largest city in Canada and the fifteenth largest in North America. Originally called Ville-Marie, or "City of Mary", the city takes its present name from Mount Royal, the triple-peaked hill located in the heart of the city, or Mont Réal as it was spelled in Middle French (Mont Royal in present French). The city is located on the Island of Montreal, which took its name from the same source as the city, and a few much smaller peripheral islands, the largest of which is Île Bizard.
As of May 10, 2011, Statistics Canada identifies Montreal's Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) (land area 4,259 square kilometres (1,644 sq mi)) as Canada's second most populous with an estimated metropolitan area population of 3,824,221 and a population of 1,886,481 in the urban agglomeration of Montreal, which includes all of the municipalities on the Island of Montreal. The city of Montreal proper had a population of 1,649,519.
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Mrzeżyno
Mrzeżyno [mʐɛˈʐɨnɔ] (German: Deep, or Treptower Deep, after 1930 often Regamünde) is a village with a fishing seaport in Gryfice County. This is also a health resort with a lots of pensions, campsites and spa. It is located near the estuary of the Rega river. The village has a popular beach. Every year in July and August, Mrzeżyno is visited by many Polish and German tourists. The right riverside is more developed than left, where there is only one settlement. The population numbers 1,727(2009). The village is situated by a special area of the conservation of nature according to the European Union's program Natura 2000. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) north of Trzebiatów, 27 km (17 mi) north of Gryfice, and 94 km (58 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.
In the 1920s Lyonel Feininger often came to the Treptower Deep to paint and reside.
The first postwar Poland's Wedding to the Sea was performed in Mrzeżyno on 17 March 1945, as Regamünde became part of Poland, according to the Potsdam Conference which ceded the German province of Pomerania to the People's Republic of Poland.
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New York
New York (/njuː ˈjɔrk/; locally IPA: [nɪu ˈjɔək] or [nuː ˈjɔɹk] ( listen)) is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. New York is the 27th most extensive, the 3rd most populous, and the 7th most densely populated of the 50 United States. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east. The state has a maritime border with Rhode Island east of Long Island, as well as an international border with the Canadian provinces of Ontario to the west and north, and Quebec to the north. The state of New York is often referred to as New York State to distinguish it from New York City.
New York City, with a population of over 8.1 million, is the most populous city in the United States. Alone, it makes up over 40 percent of the population of New York state. It is known for its status as a center for finance and culture and for its status as the largest gateway for immigration to the United States. According to the U.S. Department of Commerce, New York City is also a destination of choice for many foreign visitors. Both the state and city were named for the 17th century Duke of York, James Stuart, future James II and VII of England and Scotland.
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Niechorze
Niechorze [ɲɛˈxɔʐɛ] (formerly German Horst) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rewal, within Gryfice County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It is situated between the Baltic Sea to the north and Liwia Łuża lake to the south. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) east of Rewal, 22 km (14 mi) north of Gryfice, and 82 km (51 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.
Before 1945 the area was part of Germany. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
The village has a population of 904.
At the beginning Niechorze was a small fishing town. In 1866 a large lighthouse was built, which still exists. Development of the settlement began in 1870. In 1889 there were already 700 people living in Niechorze. On the 1 July 1896 a narrow-gauge railway was opened connecting Niechorze with Gryfice. On 1 May 1913 the line was extended to Trzebiatów and Pogorzelica. These connections helped to expand the village. Some 18th and 19th-century fishermen's huts still survive, although these are being demolished to make space for hotels.
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Norway
Norwayi/ˈnɔrweɪ/ (Norwegian: Norge (Bokmål) or Noreg (Nynorsk)), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and the subantarctic Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of 385,252 square kilometres (148,747 sq mi) and a population of about 5 million. It is the second least densely populated country in Europe. The majority of the country shares a border to the east with Sweden; its northernmost region is bordered by Finland to the south and Russia to the east; in its south Norway borders the Skagerrak Strait across from Denmark. The capital city of Norway is Oslo. Norway's extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea, is home to its famous fjords.
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Oliwa
Oliwa, also Oliva is one of the quarters of Gdańsk. From east it borders Przymorze and Żabianka, from the north Sopot and from the south with the districts of Strzyża, VII Dwór and Brętowo, while from the west with Matarnia and Osowa. It is known for its medieval monastery, the 1627 Battle of Oliva and the 1660 Peace of Oliva.
Oliwa is a part of the northern Polish city of Gdańsk. It is bordered on the east by the Bay of Gdańsk (Zatoka Gdańska), on the north by the town of Sopot, on the south by the boroughs of Wrzeszcz and Zaspa and on the west by the chain of hills and forest surrounding Gdańsk. Except for the 'old city' Oliwa encompasses the boroughs of Polanki, Jelitkowo, Przymorze and Zabianka.
The population in 2004 was 19,824. The area is 18.23 km² with a population density of 1,087 persons per square km. An interesting site is the old cathedral. Other sites to see are the kloster palace with a park and a botanical garden.
It is not exactly known when Oliwa was established. Archeological excavations suggest that the first settlement in this area was established in early Iron Age. The Cistercian Monks' tradition (unconfirmed by other sources) speaks of it as an early seat of power of the Pomeranian Princes. The name of this suspected burgh is unknown.
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Olsztyn
Olsztyn [ˈɔlʂtɨn] ( listen) (German: Allenstein ( listen); Old Polish: Holstin; Old Prussian: Alnāsteini; Lithuanian: Olštynas) is a city on the Łyna River in northeastern Poland. Olsztyn has been the capital of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship since 1999. It was previously in the Olsztyn Voivodeship (and in other units in 1945–75 and 1975–98). The city has county status.
In 1346 the old Prussian Warmian forest in the vicinity was cleared and a place was selected on the Alle, now Łyna River, for a new settlement. The Teutonic Knights began the construction of Ordensburg castle in 1347 as a stronghold against the Old Prussians, and the settlement of Allenstein was first mentioned the following year. The German name Allenstein meant a castle on the Alle River. It became known in Polish transliteration as Olsztyn. The settlement received municipal rights from Johannes von Leysen on 31 October 1353, and the castle was completed in 1397. Allenstein was incorporated into the Kingdom of Poland during the Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War in 1410 and in 1414 during the Hunger War, but was returned to the monastic state of the Teutonic Knights after hostilities ended.
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Open'er Festival
The Heineken Open'er Festival is a music festival which takes place on the North coast of Poland, in Gdynia. The first edition of the festival was organized in Warsaw in 2002 as Open Air Festival. The main organizer of the festival is the concert agency Alter Art, but the performance took its name from its principal sponsor, Heineken International. 2011 edition of Open'er will be held from 30 June to 3 July. Open’er Festival was given the Best Major Festival prize on European Festival Awards awards ceremony in 2010 and 2011.
Since 2006, the festival takes place on Kosakowo Airport (formerly Babie Doły Military Airport) in Gdynia.
There are three kinds of tickets available for sale: four-days tickets for the whole festival, three-days tickets without first-opening-day and one-day tickets. As it was on previous Open'er performances, ticket will be changed into wrist-band at special points (one placed on the main train station in the center of Gdynia, and the other one right before the entrance to the Festival). Band-wrists serve as proof of a ticket's ownership, which facilitate checks conducted by security guards.
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ORP Blyskawica
ORP Błyskawica was a Grom-class destroyer serving in the Polish Navy during World War II, currently preserved as a museum ship in Gdynia. It is the only ship of the Polish Navy awarded with the Virtuti Militari medal, as well as the oldest preserved destroyer in the world.
She was the latter of two Grom-class destroyers, built for the Polish Navy by J. Samuel White, Cowes. The name means Lightning. The two Groms were some of the most heavily-armed and fastest destroyers on the seas before World War II.
Two days before the war, on 30 August 1939, the Błyskawica withdrew, along with the destroyers Grom and Burza, from the Baltic Sea to Britain in accordance with the Peking Plan to avoid open conflict (and possible destruction) from Germany. From then on they acted in tandem with the Royal Navy's Home Fleet. On 7 September 1939, Błyskawica made contact with and attacked a U-Boat, resulting in possibly the first combat between the Allied and the German fleets.
In early May 1940, Błyskawica took part in the Norwegian Campaign, shelling German positions and downing two Luftwaffe aircraft. Her sister ship Grom was bombed and sunk during the campaign. Later that month, she took part in covering Operation Dynamo, the successful Franco-British evacuation from Dunkirk.
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Plymouth
Plymouthi/ˈplɪməθ/ is a city and unitary authority area on the south coast of Devon, England, about 190 miles (310 km) south-west of London. It is situated between the mouths of the rivers Plym to the east and Tamar to the west, where they join Plymouth Sound. Since 1967, the City of Plymouth has included the suburbs of Plympton and Plymstock, which are on the east side of the River Plym.
Plymouth's history goes back to the Bronze Age, when its first settlement grew at Mount Batten. This settlement continued to grow as a trading post for the Roman Empire, until the more prosperous village of Sutton, the current Plymouth, surpassed it. In 1620, the Pilgrim Fathers left Plymouth for the New World and established Plymouth Colony – the second English settlement in what is now the United States of America. During the English Civil War the town was held by the Parliamentarians and was besieged between 1642 and 1646.
Throughout the Industrial Revolution, Plymouth grew as a major commercial shipping port, handling imports and passengers from the Americas, while the neighbouring town of Devonport grew as an important Royal Naval shipbuilding and dockyard town. In 1914 the three neighbouring and independent towns, viz., the county borough of Plymouth, the county borough of Devonport, and the urban district of East Stonehouse were merged to form a single County Borough. The new, merged town took the name of Plymouth which, in 1928, achieved city status. The city's naval importance later led to its targeting and partial destruction during World War II, an act known as the Plymouth Blitz. After the war the city centre was completely rebuilt.
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Poland
Polandi/ˈpoʊlənd/ (Polish: Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Polish: Rzeczpospolita Polska; Kashubian: Pòlskô Repùblika; Silesian: Polsko Republika), is a country in Central Europe, bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north. The total area of Poland is 312,679 square kilometres (120,726 sq mi), making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. Poland has a population of over 38 million people, which makes it the 34th most populous country in the world and the sixth most populous member of the European Union, being its most populous post-communist member. Poland is a unitary state made up of 16 voivodeships. Poland is a member of the European Union, NATO, the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), European Economic Area, International Energy Agency, Council of Europe, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, International Atomic Energy Agency, G6, Council of the Baltic Sea States, Visegrád Group, Weimar Triangle and Schengen Agreement.
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Poznań
Poznań [ˈpɔznaɲ] ( listen) (Latin: Posnania; German: Posen; Yiddish: פוזנא or פּױזן Poyzn) is a city on the Warta river in west-central Poland, with a population of 556,022 in June 2009. It is among the oldest cities in Poland, and was one of the most important centres in the early Polish state, whose first rulers were buried at Poznań's cathedral. It is sometimes claimed to be the first capital of the kingdom of Poland.
Poznań is now Poland's fifth largest city. It is the historical capital of the Wielkopolska ("Greater Poland") region, and is currently the administrative capital of the province called Greater Poland Voivodeship.
Poznań is an important centre of trade, industry, and education, and hosts regular international trade fairs. It was the host city for the United Nations Climate Change Conference in December 2008, a key stage in the creation of a successor to the Kyoto Protocol. Poznań was a candidate city for European Capital of Culture in 2016. Poznań is currently bidding to host the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics. The local football team has been responsible for the spread of the eponymous goal celebration to Manchester City and to a lesser extent throughout the United Kingdom. Poznań is one of the host cities for UEFA Euro 2012.
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Puck County
Puck County (Polish: powiat pucki, Kashubian: pùcczi pòwiat) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland, on the Baltic coast. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the town of Puck, which lies 40 kilometres (25 mi) north of the regional capital Gdańsk. The county contains three other towns: Władysławowo, 16 km (10 mi) north of Puck, Jastarnia, 18 km (11 mi) east of Puck, and Hel, 29 km (18 mi) east of Puck, at the tip of the Hel Peninsula.
The county covers an area of 577.85 square kilometres (223.1 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 74,196, out of which the population of Władysławowo is 14,892, that of Puck is 11,329, that of Jastarnia is 4,033, that of Hel is 3,898, and the rural population is 40,044.
Puck County on a map of the counties of Pomeranian Voivodeship
Puck County is bordered by the city of Gdynia to the south and Wejherowo County to the south-west. It also borders the Bay of Puck to the east and the Baltic Sea to the north.
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Puck, Poland
Puck [put͡sk] ( listen) (Kashubian: Pùck, German: Putzig, Latvian: Pucka) is a town in northwestern Poland with 11,350 inhabitants. It is in Gdańsk Pomerania on the south coast of the Baltic Sea (Bay of Puck). Previously in the Gdańsk Voivodeship (1975–1998), Puck has been the capital of Puck County in the Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999.
The settlement became a marketplace and a seaport as early as the 7th century. The name, as was common during the Middle Ages, was spelled differently: Pauzigk, Pautzke (in a 1277 document Putzc, 1277 Pusecz, 1288 Puczse and Putsk, 1289 Pucz, see historical maps below) [1]. In 1309 it came under the rule of the Teutonic Order as part of Pomerelia. Puck achieved town status in 1348. Together with the rest of Royal Prussia it joined Poland in 1454 (1466) and was the place of the local County Administration (Starostwo). Since the Polish kings tried to create a fleet at Danzig, but independent Hanseatic Danzig would not allow them in their territory, some ships chartered by Poland had to land at Pautzke (Puck) in 1567. Poland tried to establish a Polish Navy, got to use some harbors in Livonia and Finland, but a standing navy never materialize. Swedish-Lithuanian Vasa King of Poland-Lithuania Sigismund III again tried to establish a fleet in his attempts to wrest the crown of Sweden from King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, but Sigismund's attempts at creating a fleet were destroyed in 1628.
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Radom
Radom [ˈradɔm] ( listen) is a city in central Poland with 223,397 inhabitants (December 31, 2009). It is located on the Mleczna River in the Masovian Voivodeship (since 1999), having previously been the capital of Radom Voivodeship (1975–1998); 100 km south of Poland's capital, Warsaw. In spite of being part of the Masovian Voivodeship, the city historically belongs to Lesser Poland.
It is home to the biennial Radom Air Show, the largest and best-attended air show in Poland, held during the last weekend of August. "Radom" is also the popular unofficial name for a semiautomatic 9 mm Para pistol of Polish design (the Model 35/ViS-35) designed by Piotr Wilniewczyc and Jan Skrzypinski (hence the designation "ViS"), under Director Kazimierz Ołdakowski, which had been in production from 1935 to 1945 at the national arsenal located in the city. The Łucznik Arms Factory (still located in Radom) continues to produces modern military firearms such as assault rifles.
The original settlement dates back to 8th–9th century. It was an early mediaeval town in the valley of the Mleczna River (approximately on the location of present-day Old Town). Around the 2nd half of 10th century, it turned into a fortified town called Piotrówka.
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Republic of Poland
Polandi/ˈpoʊlənd/ (Polish: Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Polish: Rzeczpospolita Polska; Kashubian: Pòlskô Repùblika; Silesian: Polsko Republika), is a country in Central Europe, bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north. The total area of Poland is 312,679 square kilometres (120,726 sq mi), making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. Poland has a population of over 38 million people, which makes it the 34th most populous country in the world and the sixth most populous member of the European Union, being its most populous post-communist member. Poland is a unitary state made up of 16 voivodeships. Poland is a member of the European Union, NATO, the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), European Economic Area, International Energy Agency, Council of Europe, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, International Atomic Energy Agency, G6, Council of the Baltic Sea States, Visegrád Group, Weimar Triangle and Schengen Agreement.
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Rewa, Poland
Rewa [ˈrɛva] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kosakowo, within Puck County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north of Kosakowo, 11 km (7 mi) south-east of Puck, and 31 km (19 mi) north of the regional capital Gdańsk.
It is located on Puck Bay, an inlet of the Baltic Sea, and has a number of sandy beaches which attract tourists. The area is a centre for windsurfing and kitesurfing. The nearby marshes are a nature reserve and attract many wetland birds.
The village has a population of 905.
There's a bus communication with Gdynia.
Coordinates: 54°37′58″N 18°30′37″E / 54.63278°N 18.51028°E / 54.63278; 18.51028
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Riga
Riga (Latvian: Rīga, pronounced [riːɡa] ( listen)) is the capital and largest city of Latvia. With 657,424 inhabitants ( 2011) Riga is the largest city of the Baltic states, one of the largest cities in Northern Europe and home to more than one third of Latvia's population. The city is an important seaport and a major industrial, commercial, cultural and financial centre of the Baltic Sea region.[citation needed] The city lies on the Gulf of Riga, at the mouth of the river Daugava. Riga's territory covers 307.17 km2 (118.60 sq mi) and lies between 1 and 10 metres (3.3 and 33 ft) above sea level, on a flat and sandy plain.
Riga was founded in 1201 and is a former Hanseatic League member. Riga's historical centre is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, noted for its Art Nouveau/Jugendstil architecture and 19th century wooden architecture. The city will be the European Capital of Culture in 2014, along with Umeå in Sweden. The city hosted the 2006 NATO Summit, the Eurovision Song Contest 2003 and the 2006 IIHF Men's World Ice Hockey Championships. It is home to the European Union's office of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC). Riga is served by Riga International Airport, the largest airport in the Baltic states.
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Rome
Rome (/ˈroʊm/; Italian: Roma pronounced [ˈroːma] ( listen); Latin: Rōma) is a city and special comune ("Roma Capitale") in Italy. Rome is the capital of Italy and the capital of Lazio (Latin: Latium). With 2.8 million residents in 1,285.3 km2 (496.3 sq mi), it is also the country's largest and most populated comune and fourth-most populous city in the European Union by population within city limits. Between 3.2 and 3.7 million people live in the Rome metropolitan area. The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.
Rome's history spans two and a half thousand years. It was the capital city of the Roman Kingdom, the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, which was the dominant power in Western Europe and the lands bordering the Mediterranean for over seven hundred years from the 1st century BC until the 7th century AD and the city is regarded as one of the birthplaces of western civilization. Since the 1st century AD Rome has been the seat of the Papacy and, after the end of Byzantine domination, in the 8th century it became the capital of the Papal States, which lasted until 1870. In 1871 Rome became the capital of the Kingdom of Italy, and in 1946 that of the Italian Republic.
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Russia
Russiai/ˈrʌʃə/ or /ˈrʊʃə/ (Russian: Россия, tr. Rossiya; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijə] ( listen)), also officially known as the Russian Federation (Russian: Российская Федерация, tr. Rossiyskaya Federatsiya; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijskəjə fʲɪdʲɪˈratsɨjə] ( listen)), is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both via Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It also has maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk, and the US state of Alaska by the Bering Strait. At 17,075,400 square kilometres (6,592,800 sq mi), Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than one eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area. Russia is also the eighth most populous nation with 143 million people. It extends across the whole of northern Asia and 40% of Europe, spanning nine time zones and incorporating a wide range of environments and landforms. Russia has the world's largest reserves of mineral and energy resources and is the largest producer of oil and natural gas globally. Russia has the world's largest forest reserves and its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the world's fresh water.
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Rzeszów
Rzeszów [ˈʐɛʂuf] ( listen) (Ukrainian: Ряшiв, Riashiv; Russian: Ряшев; German: Reichshof; Latin: Resovia; Yiddish: ריישע-rayshe) is a city in southeastern Poland with a population of 179,455 in 2010. It is located on both sides of the Wisłok River, in the heartland of the Sandomierska Valley. The city, which was granted a town charter in 1354, has been the capital of the Subcarpathian Voivodeship since 1999, and is also the seat of Rzeszów County.
Rzeszów is served by an international airport, is a member of Eurocities, and is home to a number of higher education schools, company headquarters, and foreign consulates.
First humans appeared in the area of Rzeszów in late Paleolithic Age, as archeologists found a tool made in that period, discovered on site Rzeszów 25. In the mid-6th century BC, ancient farmers came to the area of the city, most likely through the Moravian Gate. Later on, Rzeszów was a settlement of the Lusatian culture, which then was replaced with the Przeworsk culture.
In the 5th century, first Slavs appeared in the area, which is confirmed by numerous archeological findings. Most probably, Rzeszów was then inhabited by the Vistulans. Some time between 11th and 13th century, the town was annexed by the Ruthenians, and Polish princes of the Piast dynasty confirmed it in 1264, when in Tarnów, there was a meeting of Prince Bolesław V the Chaste, and Prince Daniel of Galicia, during which both sides agreed that the border would go between Rzeszów and Czudec (Rzeszów belonged to Red Ruthenia, while Czudec and Strzyżów to Lesser Poland).
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Sea Towers
The Sea Towers is a mixed-use skyscraper complex in Gdynia, Poland. Construction commenced on 10 May 2006 and was completed on 28 February 2009. At 143.6 meters, Sea Towers is the tallest building in Poland outside of Warsaw and the tallest residential building in the country. All apartments in the building have been sold. It lays with a wonderful view of the Baltic Sea and the city of Gdynia.
Apartments in Sea Towers
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Seattle
Seattle (pronounced /siːˈætɫ̩/ ( listen) see-AT-əl or /siːˈæɾɫ̩/) is the county seat of King County, in the U.S. state of Washington. With 608,660 residents as of the 2010 Census, Seattle is the largest city in the Northwestern United States. The Seattle metropolitan area of about 3.4 million inhabitants is the 15th largest metropolitan area in the country. The city is a major coastal seaport situated on a narrow isthmus between Puget Sound (an arm of the Pacific Ocean) and Lake Washington, about 114 miles (183 km) south of the Canada–United States border. In 2010, Seattle was the sixth busiest port in the United States, serving as a major gateway for trade with Asia.
The Seattle area had been inhabited by Native Americans for at least 4,000 years before the first permanent white settlers.Arthur A. Denny and his group of travelers, subsequently known as the Denny Party, arrived at Alki Point on November 13, 1851. The settlement was moved to its current site and renamed "Seattle" in 1853, after Chief Seattle of the local Duwamish and Suquamish tribes.
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Shanghai
Shanghai is the largest city by population of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the largest city proper by population in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities of the PRC, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010. It is a global city, with influence in commerce, culture, finance, media, fashion, technology, and transport. It is a major financial center and the busiest container port in the world.
Located in the Yangtze River Delta in eastern China, Shanghai sits at the mouth of the Yangtze River in the middle portion of the Chinese coast. The municipality borders Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces to the west, and is bounded to the east by the East China Sea.
Once a fishing and textiles town, Shanghai grew in importance in the 19th century due to European recognition of its favorable port location and economic potential. The city was one of several opened to foreign trade following the British victory over China in the first opium war and the subsequent 1842 Treaty of Nanking which allowed the establishment of the Shanghai International Settlement. The city then flourished as a center of commerce between east and west, and became the undisputed financial hub of the Asia Pacific in the 1930s. However, with the Communist Party takeover of the mainland in 1949, the city's international influence declined. In the 1990s, the economic reforms introduced by Deng Xiaoping resulted in an intense re-development of the city, aiding the return of finance and foreign investment to the city.
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Sopot
Sopot [ˈsɔpɔt] ( listen) (German: Zoppot ( listen); Kashubian: Sopòt) is a seaside town in Eastern Pomerania on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea in northern Poland, with a population of approximately 40,000.
Sopot is a city with powiat (county) status, in Pomeranian Voivodeship. Until 1999 it was in Gdańsk Voivodeship. It lies between the larger cities of Gdańsk (Danzig) (to the south-east) and Gdynia (to the north), the three towns together making up the metropolitan agglomeration called Trójmiasto (Tri-City).
Sopot is a major health-spa and tourist resort destination. It has the longest wooden pier in Europe, at 515.5 metres, stretching out into the Bay of Gdańsk. The city is also famous for its Sopot International Song Festival, the largest such event in Europe after the Eurovision Song Contest. Among its other attractions is a fountain of bromide spring water, known as the "inhalation mushroom".
The name is thought to derive from an old Slavic word sopot meaning "stream" or "spring". The same root occurs in a number of other Slavic toponyms; it is probably onomatopeic, imitating the sound of running water. (Today several streams run into the sea in the area of the town.)
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Starogard County
Starogard County (Polish: powiat starogardzki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Starogard Gdański, which lies 45 kilometres (28 mi) south of the regional capital Gdańsk. The county contains three other towns: Skarszewy, 13 km (8 mi) north-west of Starogard Gdański, Skórcz, 19 km (12 mi) south of Starogard Gdański, and Czarna Woda, 33 km (21 mi) south-west of Starogard Gdański. Starogard County is part of the area traditionally inhabited by the Kociewiacy ethnic group.
The county covers an area of 1,345.28 square kilometres (519.4 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 121,963, out of which the population of Starogard Gdański is 48,136, that of Skarszewy is 6,824, that of Skórcz is 3,512, that of Czarna Woda is 3,182, and the rural population is 60,309.
Starogard County on a map of the counties of Pomeranian Voivodeship
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Stegna
Stegna [ˈstɛɡna] (German Steegen) is a village in Nowy Dwór Gdański County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Stegna. It lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) north of Nowy Dwór Gdański and 32 km (20 mi) east of the regional capital Gdańsk.
Before 1793 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, 1772-1919 Prussia and Germany, 1920-1939 Free City of Danzig, 1939 - february 1945 Nazi Germany. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
The village has a population of 4,000.
Coordinates: 54°19′35″N 19°6′44″E / 54.32639°N 19.11222°E / 54.32639; 19.11222
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Sweden
Sweden (i/ˈswiːdən/ SWEE-dən; Swedish: Sverige [ˈsværjɛ] ( listen)), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: Konungariket Sverige (help·info)), is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland, and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Øresund.
At 450,295 square kilometres (173,860 sq mi), Sweden is the third largest country in the European Union by area, with a total population of about 9.4 million. Sweden has a low population density of 21 inhabitants per square kilometre (54 /sq mi) with the population mostly concentrated to the southern half of the country. About 85% of the population live in urban areas. Sweden's capital city is Stockholm, which is also the largest city.
Sweden emerged as an independent and unified country during the Middle Ages. In the 17th century, the country expanded its territories to form the Swedish Empire. The empire grew to be one of the great powers of Europe in the 17th and early 18th century. Most of the conquered territories outside the Scandinavian Peninsula were lost during the 18th and 19th centuries. The eastern half of Sweden, present-day Finland, was lost to Russia in 1809. The last war in which Sweden was directly involved was in 1814, when Sweden by military means forced Norway into a personal union. Since then, Sweden has been at peace, practicing "non-participation in military alliances during peacetime and neutrality during wartime". However, Sweden has been a member of the European Union since 1 January 1995 and is a member of the OECD.
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Sydney
Sydney ( /sɪdni/) is the most populous city in Australia and the state capital of New South Wales. Sydney is classified as an Alpha+ World City indicating its influence in the region and throughout the world.
Sydney is located on Australia's south-east coast of the Tasman Sea. As of June 2010, the greater metropolitan area had an approximate population of 4.6 million people. Inhabitants of Sydney are called Sydneysiders, comprising a cosmopolitan and international population.
The site of the first British colony in Australia, Sydney was established in 1788 at Sydney Cove by Arthur Phillip, commodore of the First Fleet as a penal colony. The city is built on hills surrounding Port Jackson which is commonly known as Sydney Harbour, where the iconic Sydney Opera House and the Harbour Bridge feature prominently. The hinterland of the metropolitan area is surrounded by national parks, and the coastal regions feature many bays, rivers, inlets and beaches including the famous Bondi Beach and Manly Beach. Within the city are many notable parks, including Hyde Park and the Royal Botanic Gardens.
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Szczecin
Szczecin ([ˈʂt͡ʂɛt͡ɕin] ( listen); German: Stettin [ʃtɛˈtiːn] ( listen)}), is the capital city of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in Poland. In the vicinity of the Baltic Sea, it is the country's seventh-largest city and the largest seaport in Poland. As of June 2011 the population was 407,811.
Szczecin is located on the Oder River, south of the Szczecin Lagoon and the Bay of Pomerania. The city is situated along the southwestern shore of Dąbie Lake, on both sides of the Oder and on several large islands between the western and eastern branches of the river. Szczecin borders with the town of Police.
The city's beginnings were as an 8th century Slavic Pomeranian stronghold, built at the site of today's castle. In the 12th century, when Szczecin had become one of Pomerania's main urban centres, it lost its independence to Piast Poland, Saxony, the Holy Roman Empire and Denmark. At the same time, the Griffin dynasty established themselves as local rulers, the population was converted to Christianity, and German settlers arrived. The native Slavic population was assimilated and sometimes discriminated against in the following centuries. In 1237/43, the town was built anew and granted vast autonomy rights, and it joined the Hanseatic League.
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Sztum County
Sztum County (Polish: powiat sztumski, German: Stuhm Kreis) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland. Its administrative seat and largest town is Sztum, which lies 56 kilometres (35 mi) south-east of the regional capital Gdańsk. The only other town in the county is Dzierzgoń, lying 21 km (13 mi) east of Sztum.
The county was created, as a result of local pressure, in 2002. The area was previously part of Malbork County.
The county covers an area of 730.85 square kilometres (282.2 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 41,808, out of which the population of Sztum is 9,945, that of Dzierzgoń is 5,630, and the rural population is 26,233.
Sztum County on a map of the counties of Pomeranian Voivodeship
Sztum County is bordered by Malbork County to the north, Elbląg County to the north-east, Ostróda County to the east, Iława County to the south-east, Kwidzyn County to the south and Tczew County to the west.
The county is subdivided into five gminas (two urban-rural and three rural). These are listed in the following table, in descending order of population.
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Sztutowo
Sztutowo [ʂtuˈtɔvɔ] (German: Stutthof) is a village in Nowy Dwór Gdański County, part of the Pomeranian Voivodeship of Poland. It is located about 38 km (24 mi) east of Gdańsk on the northeastern edge of the Vistula Delta, at the base of the Vistula Spit on the Baltic coast.
Sztutowo has been known since the beginning of the 13th century as a fishing settlement in the Pomerelian region. A day's journey from Gdańsk (Danzig) on the Hanseatic post road to Königsberg, it was conquered by the Teutonic Knights in 1308. It eventually came under the control of the Dukes of Eastern Pomerania. A coaching inn and stud farm were founded in 1432 to provide refreshment and fresh horses for the coaches, and the settlement developed into a village.
After the Thirteen Years' War ended in 1466, the village became part of the autonomous Polish province of Royal Prussia. At that time an estate and manor were founded in Sztutowo, and an agrarian settlement developed nearby. It is recorded that Tsar Peter the Great of Russia stayed in Sztutowo in 1716. The village was annexed by King Frederick the Great of Prussia in 1772 during the First Partition of Poland. A later lessee of the manor was the father of the German pessimist philosopher, Arthur Schopenhauer, who spent the first five years of his life there (born 1788 in Danzig).
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Słupsk
Słupsk [swupsk] ( listen) (German: Stolp, Kashubian: Stôłpsk or Słëpsk, Latin: Stolpa) is a city in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, in the northern part of Poland. Before 1 January 1999, it was the capital of the separate Słupsk Voivodeship. It is also a part of the historic region of Pomerania.
The city is located in the northwestern part of the country, on the Slovincian Coast, 18 kilometres (11 mi) from the Baltic Sea on the Słupia River. It is the administrative seat of Słupsk County, although it is not part of that county (the city has county status in its own right). It has a population of 98,757 and occupies 43.15 square kilometres (16.66 sq mi), being one of the most densely populated cities in the country according to the Central Statistical Office. The neighbouring administrative districts (gminas) are Gmina Kobylnica and Gmina Słupsk. There is ongoing discussion regarding extension of the city boundaries to include some territory belonging to those two gminas.
Słupsk had its origins as a Slavic Pomeranian settlement on the Słupia river in early Middle Ages, which later became part of Piast Poland. In 1265 it was given city rights. By the 14th century, the town had become a centre of local administration and trade and a Hanseatic League associate. Between 1368 and 1478, it was the residence of the Dukes of Pomerania. In 1648, according to the peace treaty of Osnabrück, Słupsk became part of Brandenburg-Prussia. In 1815 it was incorporated into the newly formed Province of Pomerania. The city became part of the People's Republic of Poland in 1945.
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Słupsk County
Słupsk County (Polish: powiat słupski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland, on the Baltic coast. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Słupsk, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The only towns in Słupsk County are Ustka, a coastal resort 18 km (11 mi) north-west of Słupsk, and Kępice, 27 km (17 mi) south of Słupsk.
The county covers an area of 2,304 square kilometres (889.6 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 92,172, out of which the population of Ustka is 16,227, that of Kępice is 3,829, and the rural population is 72,116.
Słupsk County on a map of the counties of Pomeranian Voivodeship
Apart from the city of Słupsk, Słupsk County is also bordered by Lębork County to the east, Bytów County to the south-east, and Koszalin County and Sławno County to the west. It also borders the Baltic Sea to the north.
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Taipei
Taipei City (/ˌtaɪˈpeɪ/; [tʰǎipèi]; Chinese: 臺北市 or 台北市; pinyin: Táiběi Shì) is the capital of the Republic of China (Taiwan). Situated at the northern tip of the island of Taiwan, Taipei is located on the Tamsui River; it is about 25 km southwest of Keelung, a port city on the Pacific Ocean. It lies in the two relatively narrow valleys of the Keelung (基隆河) and Xindian (新店溪) rivers, which join to form the Tamsui River along the city's western border. The city proper (Taipei City) is home to an estimated 2,618,772 people. Taipei, New Taipei, and Keelung together form the Taipei metropolitan area with a population of 6,900,273. However, they are administered under different local governing bodies. "Taipei" sometimes refers to the whole metropolitan area, while "Taipei City" refers to the city proper. Taipei City proper is surrounded on all sides by New Taipei.
Taipei is the political, economic, and cultural center of Taiwan. The National Palace Museum which has one of the largest collections of Chinese artifacts and artworks in the world is located in Taipei. Considered to be a global city, Taipei is part of a major industrial area. Railways, high speed rail, highways, airports, and bus lines connect Taipei with all parts of the island. The city is served by two airports – Taipei Songshan and Taiwan Taoyuan.
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Tczew County
Tczew County (Polish: powiat tczewski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Tczew, which lies 31 kilometres (19 mi) south of the regional capital Gdańsk. The county also contains the towns of Pelplin, lying 20 km (12 mi) south of Tczew, and Gniew, 31 km (19 mi) south of Tczew. The county is part of the area traditionally inhabited by the Kociewiacy ethnic group.
The county covers an area of 697.54 square kilometres (269.3 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 112,614, out of which the population of Tczew is 60,263, that of Pelplin is 8,486, that of Gniew is 6,787, and the rural population is 37,078.
Tczew County on a map of the counties of Pomeranian Voivodeship
Tczew County is bordered by Gdańsk County to the north, Malbork County, Sztum County and Kwidzyn County to the east, Świecie County to the south, and Starogard County to the west.
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Tokyo
Tokyo (東京, Tōkyō?, "Eastern Capital") [toːkʲoː], English /ˈtoʊki.oʊ/; officially Tokyo Metropolis (東京都, Tōkyō-to?), is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan. Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area, and the largest metropolitan area of the world. It is the seat of the Japanese government and the Imperial Palace, and the home of the Japanese Imperial Family. Tokyo is in the Kantō region on the southeastern side of the main island Honshu and includes the Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands. Tokyo Metropolis was formed in 1943 from the merger of the former Tokyo Prefecture (東京府, Tōkyō-fu?) and the city of Tokyo (東京市, Tōkyō-shi?).
The Tokyo Metropolitan government administers the 23 special wards of Tokyo (each governed as a city), which cover the area that was the city of Tokyo, as well as 39 municipalities in the western part of the prefecture and the two outlying island chains. The population of the special wards is over 8 million people, with the total population of the prefecture exceeding 13 million. The prefecture is part of the world's most populous metropolitan area with upwards of 35 million people and the world's largest urban agglomeration economy with a GDP of US$1.479 trillion at purchasing power parity in 2008, ahead of New York City metropolitan area, which ranks second on the list. The city hosts 47 of the Fortune Global 500 companies, the highest amount of any city.
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Toronto
Toronto (/təˈrɒntoʊ/, colloquially /ˈtrɒnoʊ/) is the largest city in Canada and the provincial capital of Ontario. It is located in Southern Ontario on the northwestern shore of Lake Ontario. A relatively modern city, Toronto's history dates back to the late-18th century, when its land was first purchased by the British monarchy from the Mississaugas of the New Credit. The settlement was later established as the Town of York and proclaimed as the new capital of Upper Canada by its lieutenant-governor, John Graves Simcoe. In 1834, York was incorporated as a city and renamed to its present name. The city was ransacked in the Battle of York during the War of 1812 and damaged in two great fires in 1849 and in 1904. Since its incorporation, Toronto has repeatedly expanded its borders through amalgamation with surrounding municipalities, most recently in 1998.
With over 2.6 million residents, it is the fifth most populous city in North America. Its metropolitan area has over 5.5 million residents. Toronto is at the heart of the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), and is part of a densely populated region in Southern Ontario known as the Golden Horseshoe, which has a population of nearly 9 million people as of 2011. The census metropolitan area (CMA) had a population of 5,583,064, and the Greater Toronto Area had a population of 6,054,191 in the 2011 Census. Its cosmopolitan and international population reflects its role as an important destination for immigrants to Canada. Toronto is one of the world's most diverse cities by percentage of non-native-born residents, with about 49% of the population born outside Canada. Toronto is also consistently rated as one of the world's most livable cities by the Economist Intelligence Unit and the Mercer Quality of Living Survey.
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Toruń
Toruń [ˈtɔruɲ] ( listen) (German: Thorn ( listen), Kashubian: Torń, Latin: Thorunium, see also: other names) is an ancient city in northern Poland, on the Vistula River. Its population is 205,934 as of June 2009. Toruń is one of the oldest cities in Poland. The medieval old town of Toruń is the birthplace of the astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus.
In 1997 the medieval part of the city was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In 2007 the Old Town in Toruń was added to the list of Seven Wonders of Poland. National Geographic Polska rated the old town market and the Gothic town hall as one of the "30 Most Beautiful Places in the World." In 2010 Forbes magazine ranked Toruń as number one of the "Polish Cities Attractive for Business".[citation needed] In 2009 it was listed as one of the "Best Cities to Live in Poland", in a ranking published by Przekrój.[citation needed]
Previously it was the capital of the Toruń Voivodeship (1975–98) and the Pomeranian Voivodeship (1921–45). Since 1999, Toruń has been a seat of the self-government of the Kujawy-Pomerania Province and, as such, is one of its two capitals (together with Bydgoszcz). The cities and neighboring counties form the Bydgoszcz-Toruń bi-polar metropolitan area. In September 2004, Bydgoszcz Medical School joined Toruń's Nicolaus Copernicus University as its Collegium Medicum.
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Trasa Kwiatkowskiego
Trasa im. Eugeniusza Kwiatkowskiego (Trasa Kwiatkowskiego) – is a highway in Gdynia named after Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski linking the Port of Gdynia to the Tricity beltway (Obwodnica Trójmiejska) and therefore A1 motorway. It is currently 5.4 km long and was completed after 34 years of construction.
Construction began on August 30, 1974. According to initial plans the route was supposed to connect ul. Piotra Ściegiennego in Leszczynkach with ul. Czerwonych Kosynierów (currently ul. Morska), ul. Marchlewskiego (currently ul. Janka Wiśniewskiego), ul. Wincentego Gruny (currently ul. Adm. Unruga) in Obłużu and ul. płk. Dąbka. In later years a connection with the then under construction Obwodnica Trójmiejska was planned.
The first sections opened to traffic were two upper-deck causeways over the railroad and ul. Opata Hackiego and two over the Port of Gdynia. During the 80's construction was halted due to insufficient funds. Only two disconnected sections were completed and during the spring of 1990 the whole project was cancelled.
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Tricity, Poland
Tricity (or Tri-City, in Polish Trójmiasto [Polish pronunciation: [trujˈmʲastɔ]], in Kashubian Trzëgard) is an urban area consisting of three Polish cities: Gdańsk, Gdynia and Sopot. They are situated adjacent to one other, in a row, on the coast of the Gdańsk Bay, Baltic Sea, in Pomerelia (Pomeranian Voivodeship), northern Poland. The Tricity metropolitan area has a population of over 1 million people. The name Trójmiasto was used informally or semi-formally only, until 28 March 2007, when the "Tricity Charter" (in Polish "Karta Trójmiasta") was signed as a declaration of the cities' cooperation.
Nearly 35% taxpayers from Tricity are in the middle and high taxable income groups (average for Poland 10%). Approximately 12% of Tricity taxpayers are in highest taxable income group (Polish average 3%).
The total population of the 3 cities comprising Tricity (Gdańsk + Gdynia + Sopot):
The Tricity metropolitan area also includes Wejherowo, Reda, Rumia, Pruszcz Gdański and several other communities. The total population in 2006 was 1,100,500, in an area of 1580.69 km².
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea.
The United Kingdom is a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system, with its seat of government in the capital city of London. It is a country in its own right and consists of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. There are three devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in Belfast, Edinburgh and Cardiff, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Associated with the UK, but not constitutionally part of it, are three Crown Dependencies. The United Kingdom has fourteen overseas territories. These are remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in 1922, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land surface and was the largest empire in history. British influence can still be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former territories.
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United States
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
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University of Gdansk
University of Gdańsk is a university in Gdańsk, Poland.
The University of Gdańsk was established in 1970 by the amalgamation of the Higher School of Economics in Sopot (in existence since 1945) and Gdańsk College of Education (formed in 1946).
Politicians:
Writers and scientists:
Others:
Coordinates: 54°23′58″N 18°34′7″E / 54.39944°N 18.56861°E / 54.39944; 18.56861
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Usedom
Usedom (German: Usedom [ˈuːzədɔm], Polish: Uznam [ˈuznam]) is a Baltic Sea island on the border between Germany and Poland. It is situated north of the Szczecin Lagoon (German: Stettiner Haff) estuary of the River Oder in Pomerania. Most of the island belongs to the German district of Vorpommern-Greifswald in the Federal State of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, with the exception of the eastern part and the city of Świnoujście (German: Swinemünde) which is in Polish West Pomeranian Voivodeship. Its area is 445 km² (the German part 373 km²; the Polish part 72 km²).
Its population is 76,500 (the German part 31,500; the Polish part 45,000).
The island is separated to the east from the neighbouring island of Wolin by the Świna (German: Swine) strait (or river), which is the main route connecting Szczecin Bay with the Pomeranian Bay, a part of the Baltic Sea. The strait between the island and the mainland is called the Peenestrom; it is a downstream extension of the valley of the Peene river, which flows into the westernmost part of the Stettin Lagoon. The island is mostly flat, partly covered by marshes.
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Ustka
Ustka [ˈustka] (German: Stolpmünde; Kashubian and Pomeranian: Ùskô) is a town in the Middle Pomerania region of northwestern Poland with 17,100 inhabitants (2001). It is also part of Słupsk County in Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999, and was previously in Słupsk Voivodeship (1975–1998).
The first settlers arrived at Ustka as early as the 9th century, and established a fishing settlement with the original name of Ujść.
The area at the mouth of the river Słupia (Stolpe) was ceded to the town of Słupsk (Stolp) in 1337 with the purpose of building a fishing harbour and a commercial port there to the Baltic Sea. According to documents in 1355 a church was built. In 1382 the city of Stolp (Słupsk) became a member of the Hanseatic League.
The town was given to Brandenburg-Prussia as part of the Duchy of Pomerania after the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648. On August 1, 1778, a blaze destroyed 18 houses which, however, were soon re-built. Around the year of 1784 there existed altogether 37 households in Stolpmünde. The first railway station was opened in 1878. The rails were transported by the sea and the bedding for the track was formed by sand taken from the dunes on the Western Beach. The first passenger train departed Ustka (then Stolpmünde) on 1 October 1878. The rail was also used as a main transport facilitating the trade from the harbour. The rail track was extended to run into the harbour, trading mostly grain and spirits. Records state that in 1887, the local harbour shipped 5 million litres of plain spirits. The Harbour lost its importance after the World War II, fishing taking priority over trade. The current shape of the harbour is a result of an investment between 1899 and 1903 creating the largest port between Szczecin (Stettin) and Gdańsk (Danzig).
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Vancouver
Vancouver (/vænˈkuːvər/) is a coastal seaport city on the mainland of British Columbia, Canada. The 2011 census recorded more than 603,000 people in the city, making it the eighth largest among Canadian cities. The metropolitan area, with more than 2.3 million residents, is the third most populous metropolitan area in the country and the most populous in Western Canada. With 5,249 people per square kilometre (13,590 per sq mile), the City of Vancouver is the most densely populated Canadian municipality among those with 5,000 residents or more. Vancouver is one of the most ethnically and linguistically diverse cities in Canada, with 52% for whom English is not their first language.
The original settlement, named Gastown, grew around the Hastings Mill logging sawmill and a nearby tavern, both established in 1867. Enlarging to become the townsite of Granville, with the announcement that the railhead would reach the site it was renamed "Vancouver" and incorporated as a city in 1886. By 1887, the transcontinental railway was extended to the city to take advantage of its large natural seaport, which soon became a vital link in a trade route between the Orient, Eastern Canada, and London. As of 2009, Port Metro Vancouver is the busiest and largest port in Canada, and the most diversified port in North America. While forestry remains its largest industry, Vancouver is well known as an urban centre surrounded by nature, making tourism its second-largest industry. Major film production studios in Vancouver and Burnaby have turned Metro Vancouver into the third-largest film production centre in North America after Los Angeles and New York City, earning it the film industry nickname, Hollywood North.
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Vistula Spit
The Vistula Spit (Polish: Mierzeja Wiślana; Russian: Балтийская коса; German: Frische Nehrung) is a spit, or peninsular stretch of land, which separates Vistula Lagoon from Gdańsk Bay in the Baltic Sea. The border between Poland and Kaliningrad Oblast, an exclave of Russia, bisects it, politically dividing the spit in half between the two countries. The westernmost point of Russia is located on the Vistula Spit. The Polish part contains a number of tourist resorts, incorporated administratively as the town of Krynica Morska.
Until the 13th century, the spit had navigable straits in the middle, which allowed the city of Elbląg part of the monastic State of the Teutonic Knights, direct access to the Baltic Sea. The natural closing of the straits in the late 13th century reduced Elbing's status as an important trading seaport. Thus, and by the Teutonic takeover of Danzig (Gdańsk) and Polish Pomerania in 1308, the importance of Gdańsk.
Nowadays, Poland is considering the idea of digging a channel through its part of the spit, in order to regain direct access to the Baltic, rather than by the only natural, yet Russian-controlled port at Baltiysk.[citation needed] Also, Poland has access to the Baltic via Gdańsk.
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Warsaw
Warsaw (Polish: Warszawa [varˈʂava] ( listen); see also other names) is the capital and largest city of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River, roughly 260 kilometres (160 mi) from the Baltic Sea and 300 kilometres (190 mi) from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population in 2010 was estimated at 1,716,855 residents with a greater metropolitan area of 2,631,902 residents, making Warsaw the 10th most populous city proper in the European Union. The area of the city covers 516.9 square kilometres (199.6 sq mi), while the city's agglomeration covers 6,100.43 square kilometres (2,355.39 sq mi).
Warsaw is an Alpha- global city, a major international tourist destination and an important economic hub in Central Europe. It is also known as the "phoenix city" because it has survived many wars throughout its history. Most notably, the city had to be painstakingly rebuilt after the extensive damage it suffered from World War II, during which 80% of its buildings were destroyed. On 9 November 1940 the city was awarded Poland's highest military decoration for heroism, the Virtuti Militari, for the Siege of Warsaw (1939).
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Wejherowo County
Wejherowo County (Polish: powiat wejherowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland, on the Baltic coast. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Wejherowo, which lies 36 kilometres (22 mi) north-west of the regional capital Gdańsk. The county also contains the towns of Rumia, lying 11 km (7 mi) east of Wejherowo, and Reda, 7 km (4 mi) east of Wejherowo.
The county covers an area of 1,279.84 square kilometres (494.1 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 181,834, out of which the population of Wejherowo is 45,170, that of Rumia is 44,497, that of Reda is 18,509, and the rural population is 73,658.
Wejherowo County on a map of the counties of Pomeranian Voivodeship
Wejherowo County is bordered by Puck County to the north-east, the city of Gdynia to the east, Kartuzy County to the south and Lębork County to the west. It also borders the Baltic Sea to the north.
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Wolin
Wolin (Pomeranian Wòlin, German: Wollin) is the name both of an island in the Baltic Sea, just off the Polish coast, and a town on that island. It is separated from the island of Usedom by the Świna river, and from mainland Pomerania by the Dziwna river. The origins of the name are unknown, although it is likely of Slavic origin. In the old Slavic language the word "wolyn" meant a wetland, and over time, it was Germanised.
Water from the river Oder (Polish: Odra) flows into the Szczecin Lagoon and from there through the Peene west of Usedom, Świna and Dziwna into the Bay of Pomerania in the Baltic Sea.
Most of the island consists of forests and postglacial hills. In the middle is the Wolin National Park. The island is a main tourist attraction of northwestern Poland, and it is crossed by several specially marked tourist trails, such as 73-kilometer long trail from Międzyzdroje to Dziwnówek. There is a main, electrified rail line, which connects Szczecin and Świnoujście, also across the island goes an international road E65 (national road 3 / S3 expressway), which crosses Europe from north to south.
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Wrocław
Wrocław ( /ˈvrɒtswəf/; Polish pronunciation: [ˈvrɔt͡swaf] ( listen); German: Breslau [ˈbʁɛslaʊ̯] ( listen); Czech: Vratislav), situated on the River Oder (Polish: Odra), in Lower Silesia. It is the largest city in western Poland.
Wrocław was the historical capital of Silesia, and today is the capital of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship. Over the centuries, the city has been part of either Poland, Bohemia, Austria, Prussia, or Germany, and has been part of Poland since 1945 as a result of border changes after World War II. According to official figures for 2010, its population is 632,996, making it the fourth largest city in Poland.
Wrocław is one of the hosts of UEFA Euro 2012, and has been selected as a European Capital of Culture for 2016. In 2017, Wrocław will host the World Games, a competition in 37 non-olympic sport disciplines.
The city's name was first recorded, in Latin, in the form "Wrotizlava", in the chronicle of Thietmar of Merseburg, which mentions it as a seat of a newly installed bishopric in the context of the Congress of Gniezno. The first municipal seal stated Sigillum civitatis Wratislavie. A simplified name is given, in 1175, as Wrezlaw, Prezla or Breslaw. The Czech spelling was used in Latin documents as Wratislavia or Vratislavia. At that time, Prezla was used in Middle High German, which became Preßlau. In the middle of the 14th century the Early New High German (and later New High German) form of the name Breslau began to replace its earlier versions.
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Władysławowo
Władysławowo [vwadɨswaˈvɔvɔ] (Kashubian/Pomeranian: Wiôlgô Wies, German: Großendorf) is a town on the south coast of the Baltic Sea in the Kashubia in Eastern Pomerania region, northern Poland, with 15,015 (2009) inhabitants.
Situated in the Puck County in Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999, previously in Gdańsk Voivodeship (1975–1998), Władysławowo is a sea port and a popular seaside holiday destination.
The gmina (urban municipality) of Władysławowo consists of several districts, including Władysławowo proper, Chałupy (to the east, on the Hel peninsula), Chłapowo, Cetniewo, Rozewie, Jastrzębia Góra, Ostrowo, Karwia and Tupadły. Several of these districts serve as popular seaside resorts.
Poland's northern extremity is situated in Jastrzębia Góra, marked by the Gwiazda Północy ("Northern Star") monument, which stands on a cliff overlooking the beach that is the actual most northerly point. The nearby headland of Rozewie was formerly believed to be the country's most northerly point, prior to measurements carried out in December 2000.
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Łeba
Łeba [ˈwɛba] (Kashubian/Pomeranian: Leba; German: Leba) is a town in the Pomeranian Voivodeship of Poland. It is located in the Middle Pomeranian region (Pomorze Środkowe), near Łebsko Lake and the mouth of the river Łeba on the coast of the Baltic Sea.
The Pomerelian settlement of Łeba was first mentioned in a 1282 deed. At that time the village was located about two kilometers west from the present mouth of the Łeba River. Łeba received municipal rights by the State of the Teutonic Order in 1357. Located at the Łebsko Lake at the Baltic Sea, it developed to a fishing port and a wood marketplace. With Lauenburg Land it became a Polish fief during the Thirteen Years' War in 1454, held by the Dukes of Pomerania.
Old Łeba was threatened for many centuries by floods and expanding sand dunes and therefore was rebuilt in a safer location after 1558. The town fell back to the Polish Crown after the death of the last Pomeranian duke Bogislaw XIV until King John II Casimir Vasa enfeoffed Elector Frederick William I of Brandenburg-Prussia with Lauenburg Land by the 1657 Treaty of Bromberg.
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Łódź
Łódź ([wut͡ɕ] ( listen); Yiddish: לאדז', Lodzh) is the third-largest city in Poland. Located in the central part of the country, it had a population of 742,387 in December 2009. It is the capital of Łódź Voivodeship, and is approximately 135 kilometres (84 mi) south-west of Warsaw. The city's coat of arms is an example of canting: depicting a boat, it alludes to the city's name which translates literally as "boat".
Łódź first appears in the written record in a 1332 document giving the village of Łodzia to the bishops of Włocławek. In 1423 King Władysław Jagiełło granted city rights to the village of Łódź. From then until the 18th century the town remained a small settlement on a trade route between Masovia and Silesia. In the 16th century the town had fewer than 800 inhabitants, mostly working on the nearby grain farms.
With the second partition of Poland in 1793, Łódź became part of the Kingdom of Prussia's province of South Prussia, and was known in German as Lodsch. In 1798 the Prussians nationalised the town, and it lost its status as a town of the bishops of Kuyavia. In 1806 Łódź joined the Napoleonic Duchy of Warsaw and in 1810 it had 190 inhabitants. In the 1815 Congress of Vienna treaty it became part of Congress Poland, a client state of the Russian Empire.
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Świnoujście
Świnoujście [ɕfʲinɔˈui̯ɕt͡ɕɛ] ( listen) (German: Swinemünde) is a city and seaport on the Baltic Sea and Szczecin Lagoon, located in the extreme north-west of Poland. It is situated mainly on the islands of Uznam and Wolin, but also occupies smaller islands, of which the largest is Karsibór island, once part of Usedom, now separated by a Piast canal (formerly the Kaiserfahrt) dug in the late 19th century to facilitate ship access to Szczecin (Stettin).
Since 1999 Świnoujście has been a city with the administrative rights of a county (powiat) (Polish: miasto na prawach powiatu), within West Pomeranian Voivodeship. It was previously part of Szczecin Voivodeship (1975–1998). The city lies in the geographic region of Pomerania and had a population of 41,100 in 2006.
The first human settlements, in areas that are now Świnoujście appeared 5 thousand years ago, as confirmed by archaeological findings. For a thousand years the estuary of the river was part of the state of the Świnoujście who were annexed by Polish ruler Mieszko I. In later centuries local Pomeranian princes ruled the area, and on both sides of the river they built fortified castles, which were destroyed several times by the Danish invasions in the twelfth century in 1170 and 1173.
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Adam Darski
Adam Michał Darski (born 10 June 1977 in Gdynia) also known by his stage name Nergal, is a Polish musician and television personality, best known for being the frontman for black/death metal band Behemoth.
Darski was born in Gdynia, Poland, raised Catholic, and started playing guitar at age eight. He goes by the stage name Nergal (naming himself after a Babylonian deity), and he is the founder, lyricist, main composer, frontman and manager of the band Behemoth, which he started when he was still a teenager. He also plays lead, rhythm and acoustic guitar. For a brief time he used the alias Holocausto, inspired by Beherit leader Nuclear Holocausto.[verification needed] In late 1990s he was a vocalist and guitarist of the Danzig influenced band named Wolverine, which was showcasing Nergal's capability of clean singing. He is also known for his contributions with the following bands: Hermh, Nile, Damnation, Vader, Sweet Noise, Mastiphal, December's Fire, Mess Age, Corruption, Hangover, Ex Deo, and Hefeystos.
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Albert Forster
Albert Maria Forster (July 26, 1902 – February 28, 1952) was a Nazi German politician. Under his administration as the Gauleiter of Danzig-West Prussia during the Second World War, the local non-German population suffered ethnic cleansing, mass murder, and forceful Germanisation. Forster was sentenced to death for his crimes after Nazi Germany was defeated.
Forster was born in Fürth, Bavaria, where he attended the Humanistisches Gymnasium from 1912 to 1920. In 1923, he became a member of the SA in Fürth and observed the trial for high treason of Erich Ludendorff, Adolf Hitler, and eight others, which took place between February 26 and April 1, 1924, in the court of Munich.
In 1930, Forster became the Nazi Party's Gauleiter of the Free City of Danzig (now Gdańsk, Poland). In the spring of 1933, Forster spearheaded the Nazi take-over of Danzig. Between 1933-1939, Forster became embroiled in a feud with the Nazi President of the Danzig Senate, Arthur Greiser, who was to remain Forster's life-long nemesis.
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Alexandra Nice
Alexandra Nice (born on October 31, 1972 in Gdynia, Poland) is the stage name of a pornographic actress.
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Andrzej Wajda
Andrzej Wajda (Polish pronunciation: [ˈandʐɛj ˈvajda]; born 6 March 1926) is a Polish film director. Recipient of an honorary Oscar, he is possibly the most prominent member of the unofficial "Polish Film School" (active c. 1955 to 1963). He is known especially for a trilogy of war films: A Generation (1954), Kanał (1956) and Ashes and Diamonds (1958).
Four of his films have been nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film: The Promised Land (1975),The Maids of Wilko (1979), Man of Iron (1981), and Katyń (2007).
Wajda was born in Suwałki, Poland, the son of Aniela (née Biaxowas), a school teacher, and Jakub Wajda, an army officer. Wajda' father was murdered by the Soviets in 1940 in what came to be known as the Katyn massacre. In 1942 he joined the Polish resistance and served in the Armia Krajowa. After the war, he studied to be a painter at Kraków's Academy of Fine Arts before entering the Łódź Film School.
After Wajda's apprenticeship to director Aleksander Ford, Wajda was given the opportunity to direct his own film. With A Generation (1955), the first-time director poured out his disillusionment over jingoism, using as his alter ego a young, James Dean-style antihero played by Zbigniew Cybulski, 22-year-old Roman Polanski also featured. At the same time Andrzej Wajda began his work as a director in theatre, including such as Michael V. Gazzo's Hatful of Rain (1959), Hamlet (1960), and Two for the Seesaw (1963) by William Gibson. Wajda made two more increasingly accomplished films, which developed further the anti-war theme of A Generation: Kanał (1956) [Silver Palm at Cannes Festival in 1957, ex equo with Bergman's The Seventh Seal and Ashes and Diamonds (1958), again with Cybulski.
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Anna Przybylska
Anna Przybylska (born December 26, 1978 in Gdynia, Poland) - popular Polish actress and model.
She has a daughter Oliwia, born October 22, 2002 and son Szymon, born January 13, 2006 with her partner Polish footballer Jarosław Bieniuk. She is ranked high amongst the most beautiful Polish actresses and was chosen, in 2004, to be the Polish ambassador for the ASTOR cometics brand. Two years later, she became the European ambassador for ASTOR.
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Anna Rogowska
Anna Rogowska (born May 21, 1981) is a Polish pole vaulter, current reigning World Champion.
Born in Gdynia, she won the bronze medal at the 2004 Olympics, narrowly beating Monika Pyrek, another Polish pole vaulter born in Gdynia. Early 2005 brought success as she won the silver medal in the European Indoor Championships. On July 22, 2005 in London, she achieved a personal best with 4.80 m, which was also the Polish record. Minutes later she saw Yelena Isinbayeva become the first woman to clear 5.00 m.
Rogowska was among the contenders for a medal in the 2005 World Championships. She finished sixth, however, jumping only 4.35 m under challenging weather conditions.
On August 26, 2005 she achieved another personal best with 4.83 m (new Polish record). This was on the Memorial van Damme. She also holds the Polish indoor record of 4.85 m, set on 6 March 2011.
For her sport achievements, she received:
Golden Cross of Merit in 2004.
Knight's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta (5th Class) in 2009.
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Beijing
Beijing ( /beɪˈdʒɪŋ/; Chinese: 北京; pinyin: Běijīng, [peɪ˨˩ t͡ɕiŋ˥]), formerly romanized as Peking ( /piːˈkɪŋ/ or /peɪˈkɪŋ/), is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The metropolis, located in northern China, is governed as a direct-controlled municipality under the national government, with 14 urban and suburban districts and two rural counties. Beijing Municipality is surrounded by Hebei Province with the exception of neighboring Tianjin Municipality to the southeast.
Beijing is China's second largest city by urban population after Shanghai and is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's largest state-owned companies. Beijing is a major transportation hub in the national highway, expressway, railway and high-speed rail network. Beijing's Capital International Airport is the second busiest in the world by passenger traffic.
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China
China (i/ˈtʃaɪnə/; Chinese: 中国; pinyin: Zhōngguó; see also Names of China), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is the world's most-populous country, with a population of over 1.3 billion. Covering approximately 9.6 million square kilometres, the East Asian state is the world's second-largest country by land area, and the third- or fourth-largest in total area, depending on the definition of total area.
The People's Republic of China is a single-party state governed by the Communist Party of China. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four directly controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau). Its capital city is Beijing. The PRC also claims Taiwan—which is controlled by the Republic of China (ROC), a separate political entity—as its 23rd province, a claim controversial due to the complex political status of Taiwan and the unresolved Chinese Civil War. The PRC government denies the legitimacy of the ROC.
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Ernst Stavro Blofeld
Ernst Stavro Blofeld is a fictional character and a supervillain from the James Bond series of novels and films, who was created by Ian Fleming and Kevin McClory. An evil genius with aspirations of world domination, he is the archenemy of the British Secret Service agent James Bond. Blofeld is head of the global criminal organisation SPECTRE and is commonly referred to as Number 1, an official numerical position given to members of SPECTRE.
Blofeld appears or is heard in three novels: Thunderball, On Her Majesty's Secret Service, and You Only Live Twice; and six official James Bond films: From Russia with Love (1963), Thunderball (1965), You Only Live Twice (1967), On Her Majesty's Secret Service (1969), Diamonds Are Forever (1971) and For Your Eyes Only (1981) (the pre-title sequence of which marks his final appearance and apparent death). He also appears in Never Say Never Again, the 1983 remake of Thunderball.
He was played on screen by Donald Pleasence, Telly Savalas, Charles Gray and Max von Sydow, among others. It was initially a convention of the films not to show Blofeld's face, only a closeup of him stroking his white blue-eyed Turkish Angora.
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Goths
The Goths (Gothic: *Gut-þiuda, *Gutans; Old Norse: Gutar/Gotar; German: Goten; Latin: Gothi; Greek: Γότθοι, Gótthoi) were an East Germanic tribe of Scandinavian origin whose two branches, the Visigoths and the Ostrogoths, played an important role in the fall of the Roman Empire and the emergence of Medieval Europe.
The most important source is Jordanes' 6th-century, semi-fictional Getica which describes a migration from southern Scandza (Scandinavia), to Gothiscandza, believed to be the lower Vistula region in modern Pomerania, and from there to the coast of the Black Sea. The Pomeranian Wielbark culture and the Chernyakhov culture northeast of the lower Danube are archaeological traces of this migration. In the 3rd century, either through crossing the lower Danube, or travelling by sea, the Goths ravaged the Balkan Peninsula and Anatolia as far as Cyprus, sacking Athens, Byzantium, Sparta. By the fourth century, the Goths conquered Dacia, and were divided into at least two distinct groups separated by the Dniester River, the Thervingi, led by the Balti dynasty, and the Greuthungi, led by the Amali dynasty. Centered around their capital at the Dnieper, the Goths ruled a vast area which at its peak under the Kings Ermanaric and Athanaric stretched from the Danube to the Volga river, and from the Black to the Baltic Sea.
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Gunnar Heinsohn
Gunnar Heinsohn is a German sociologist and economist. He was born in Gdynia, Poland, under German occupation used as Kriegsmarine-Arsenal and named Gotenhafen, on November 21, 1943 to Roswitha Heinsohn, née Maurer and the late Kapitänleutnant Heinrich Heinsohn, last serving on U-438. Since 1984, he has been a tenured professor at the University of Bremen, where he heads the Raphael-Lemkin Institut for Comparative Genocide Research named for Raphael Lemkin. His list of publications includes almost 700 scholarly articles, conference presentations, and books. His research has been focused on developing new theories regarding the history and theory of civilization.
Heinsohn proposed a revision of ancient chronology based upon stratigraphy. Taking Immanuel Velikovsky´s revised chronology as a starting point, Heinsohn went on to criticize Velikovsky's chronology as Biblical fundamentalism, proposing an even more drastic revision that is being disputed in circles of chronological revisionists, but is generally being rejected by mainstream historians. What seems to be unique with Heinsohn's approach is that his relative chronology is exclusively based on stratigraphy.[original research?]
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Hong Kong
Coordinates: 22°16′42″N 114°09′32″E / 22.27833°N 114.15889°E / 22.27833; 114.15889
Hong Kong (Chinese: 香港) is one of two special administrative regions (SARs) of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the other being Macau. A city-state situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is known for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour. With a land mass of 1,104 km2 (426 sq mi) and a population of seven million people, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Hong Kong's population is 95 percent ethnic Chinese and 5 percent from other groups. Hong Kong's Han Chinese majority originate mainly from the cities of Guangzhou and Taishan in the neighbouring Guangdong province.
Hong Kong became a colony of the British Empire after the First Opium War (1839–42). Originally confined to Hong Kong Island, the colony's boundaries were extended in stages to the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 and then the New Territories in 1898. It was occupied by Japan during the Pacific War, after which the British resumed control until 1997, when China resumed sovereignty. The region espoused minimum government intervention under the ethos of positive non-interventionism during the colonial era. The time period greatly influenced the current culture of Hong Kong, often described as "East meets West", and the educational system, which used to loosely follow the system in England until reforms implemented in 2009.
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Jacek Fedorowicz
Jacek Jan Fedorowicz (born 18 July 1937) is a Polish satirist and actor.
Fedorowicz was born in pre-war Gdynia, Poland to a family of Varsovians. His parents worked for the newly developed Polish maritime economy. As a 7-year-old boy he survived the Warsaw Uprising. In 1960 graduated from the School of Fine Arts (now the Academy of Fine Arts) in Gdańsk.
Fedorowicz was one of the founders (together with, among others, Zbigniew Cybulski and Bogumił Kobiela) of the student theatre in Gdańsk named Bim-Bom (between 1954 and 1960). He also belonged to the acting company of the theatre (the main role of Dobry Duch in the first programme named Achaaa). During his studies he began his collaboration with a radio station in Gdańsk as an author and actor and also with the press all-over the country (among others with Dookoła świata, Po prostu, Dziennik Bałtycki, Szpilki and ITD) as an author and caricaturist.
In the second half of the 1960s he performed on TVP (Polish Public Television), where he was a co-author of various TV shows, such as: Poznajmy się, Małżeństwo doskonałe, Kariera i Runda. In the 70s he co-created a radio satirical magazine 60 minut na godzinę, where he performed several roles creating famous characters, among which were: Kolega Kierownik and Kolega Kuchmistrz. He also held morning conversations on the radio. Together with Piotr Skrzynecki he hosted the National Festival of Polish Song in Opole. Throughout 60’s and 70’s he performed on stage, first in "Wagabunda" Cabaret (with Maria Koterbska, Mieczysław Czechowicz and Bogumił Kobiela, among others), afterwards in a programme Popierajmy się (with Bohdan Łazuka, Tadeusz Ross, Piotr Szczepanik and Ryszard Markowski). Later on, until the beginning of martial law in Poland, he performed on individual author’s evenings.
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Jörg Berger
Jörg Berger (October 13, 1944 – June 23, 2010) was a German football manager and player, who last managed Arminia Bielefeld.
As an active he played for 1.FC Lok Leipzig.
In 1970 Berger was forced to retire due to a muscle injury and started his managing career after the studying at the DHfK Leipzig. Berger was a reputable manager in East Germany who was planned to manage the East Germany national football team as successor of long time manager Georg Buschner some day.
Berger managed the youth team of the GDR. In 1979, he used a match in Yugoslavia to flee to West Germany. He signed with Second Bundesliga side SV Darmstadt 98. As a GDR refugee he suffered many threats by the East German secret police Stasi. He survived being poisoned whilst managing KSV Hessen Kassel in the mid-1980s. Evidence of the threats to his life were not available until 1990 when Germany was reunified, after which he was able to search his Stasi files.
He was renowned as a great motivator, helping clubs threatened with relegation, but with little chance to build up teams over a longer period. Berger became the ’’fireman’’ of the Bundesliga after he twice failed to gain promotion to the Bundesliga with KSV Hessen Kassel, ending up in fourth position in the Second division of the Bundesliga (1984 and 1985). His greatest achievements were two third positions with Eintracht Frankfurt in 1990 and with FC Schalke 04 in 1996. He was replaced as manager of Schalke by Huub Stevens in October 1996 shortly before they won the UEFA Cup in 1997.
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Kashubians
Kashubians/Kaszubians (Kashubian: Kaszëbi, Polish: Kaszubi/ Kaszuby, German: Kaschuben), also called Kashubs, Kashubes, Kaszubians, Kassubians or Cassubians, are a West Slavic ethnic group in Pomerelia, north-central Poland. Their settlement area is referred to as Kashubia (Kashubian: Kaszëbë, Polish: Kaszuby, German: Kaschubei, Kaschubien).
They speak Kashubian, classified either as a language or a Polish dialect. In analogy to the linguistic classification, Kashubians are considered either an ethnic or a linguistic group.
Slovincians are grouped with the Kashubians as Pomeranians. Similarly the Slovincian and Kashubian languages are grouped as the Pomeranian language, with Slovincian being either a closely related language or a Kashubian dialect.
Among larger cities, Gdynia (Gdiniô) contains the largest proportion of people declaring Kashubian origin. However, the biggest city of the Kashubia region is Gdańsk (Gduńsk), the capital of the Pomeranian Voivodeship and the traditional capital of Kashubia. Between 80.3% and 93.9% people of the people in Linia, Sierakowice, Szemud, Kartuzy, Chmielno, Żukowo, etc. are of Kashubian descent.
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Kazimierz Ostrowski
Kazimierz Ostrowski (born February 14, 1917 in Berlin, died July 12, 1999 in Gdynia) was a Polish painter.
Kazimierz Ostrowski was born on February 14, 1917 in Berlin. In 1920 his family moved to Poznań. In 1934 Ostrowski left for Gdynia where together with his brother Zygmunt he painted signs and names of ships (among others SS Kościuszko and MS Batory). After World War II in 1945 he reported together with his father and two brothers to the Urban Office in Gdynia where he was given the task of changing the street names and signs on the buildings of State institutions. In the same year he began his painting studies at the Academy of the Fine Arts in Sopot. In 1949 he received a scholarship from the French government to study in Paris where he apprenticed to the famous French painter Fernand Léger. In 1950 he came back to Gdynia and married Halina Krywald, with whom he had two children. From 1964 to 1987 he was professor in the painting atelier at the Academy of Fine Arts in Gdańsk. In October 1981 he received the title of associate professor.
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Klaus Hurrelmann
Klaus Hurrelmann is Professor of Public Health and Education at the Hertie School of Governance in Berlin, Germany.
Klaus Hurrelmann was born in 1944 and studied sociology, psychology and education in Berkeley (USA), Freiburg and Münster. He earned his Ph.D. with a dissertation in the area of educational institutions and habilitated in 1975 with a work entitled “The Educational System and Society”. He subsequently took on a professorship for empirical educational – and socialization research at the Universität Essen.
In 1980, he transferred to the Faculty of Education at the Universität Bielefeld. With his colleagues, he established the interdisciplinary, collaborative research center “Prevention and Intervention in Childhood and Youth” and served as its director from 1986 to 1998. He was also co-founder of the Center for Childhood and Youth Research in Bielefeld. In 1994, Klaus Hurrelmann joined the newly established Faculty of Health Sciences at the Universität Bielefeld and held the office of founding dean for several years. He worked in the area of prevention and health promotion and initiated many international co-operations. On behalf of the World Health Organization (WHO), he served as the director of the Collaborating Research Center for Health in Adolescence until 2007 and headed the German section of the study “Health Behavior in School Children (HBSC)”. He was a visiting professor of sociology at New York University in 1990 and in 1999 served as visiting professor of health sciences at UCLA.
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Marcin Mięciel
Marcin Mięciel (born 22 December 1975 in Gdynia) is a Polish footballer who plays for Polish club Łódzki KS. His trademark is the bicycle kick.
Mięciel started his football career at Wisła Tczew for which he played until 1990. The next stop in his career was Lechia Gdańsk. In December 1993 he transferred to Hutnik Warszawa but after only six months he moved on to local rivals Legia Warsaw where he played until 2001 (only interrupted by a half year loan to ŁKS Łódź in 1995).
After a disappointing season at Borussia Mönchengladbach Mięciel went on to Greece. His first stop was Iraklis Saloniki. After two and a half seasons, he moved to local rivals PAOK Thessaloniki FC. He scored five goals in 13 games till the end of the 2004–05 season. In his second season he scored five times in 25 matches. His most successful season was 2006–07: in 29 matches he notched 14 goals. He was one of the topscorers in the Greek league and PAOK's "most valuable player" of that season.
After his first disappointing attempt in the German Bundesliga with Borussia Mönchengladbach Mięciel returned for the 2007–08 season, this time to play for VfL Bochum. The transfer fee was estimated at 250,000 euros. For the 2009–10 season he returned to Legia Warsaw on a free transfer. For the 2010–11 season he returned to Łódzki KS on a free transfer.
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Michael Klim
Michael Klim OAM (born 13 August 1977) is a Polish-born Australian swimmer. He was born in Gdynia. He was educated at the University High School, Melbourne and Wesley College, Melbourne where he is currently employed as the College's elite Head Coach of swimming. During the mid 1990s to early 2000s (decade), he appeared in advertisements for Nintendo Australia, particularly for the Nintendo 64.
Klim married Lindy Rama, a former model and fashion entrepreneur, in April 2006. Rama (known in Bali as Anak Agung] is a Balinese princess, being the niece of Ida Cokorde Pamecutan XI, the king of Denpasar. The couple have two daughters, Stella (born January 2006) and Frankie (born June 2011) and a son, Rocco (born May 2008).
Klim was first selected to represent Australia in the Commonwealth Games in Victoria, Canada in 1994, while still a student at Wesley College, Melbourne. For his achievements he was named the Male Swimmer of the Year by Swimming World Magazine in 1997. In 1999, he set a world record in the 100 m butterfly twice, in a FINA sanctioned time trial (51.81 s). It was broken at the 2003 World Championships in Barcelona by the Ukrainian Andriy Serdinov in the first semifinal of the 100 m butterfly, and then broken another time in the next semifinal by Michael Phelps. Phelps's record was bested by Ian Crocker in the final the following day.
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Mieszko II
Mieszko II Lambert (ca. 990 – 10/11 May 1034) was King of Poland during 1025–1031, and Duke from 1032 until his death.
He was the second son of Bolesław I the Brave, but the eldest born from his third wife Emmilda, daughter of Dobromir, possible ruler of Lusatia. He was probably named after his paternal grandfather, Mieszko I. His second name, Lambert, sometimes erroneously considered to be a nickname, was given to him as a reference to the cult of Saint Lambert. Also, it is probable that this name Lambert was chosen after Bolesław I's half-brother Lambert. It is thought that the choice of this name for his son was an expression of warming relations between Bolesław I and his stepmother Oda.
He organized two devastating invasions to Saxony in 1028 and 1030. Then Mieszko II ran a defensive war against Germany, Bohemia and the Kievan princes. Mieszko II was forced to escape from the country in 1031 after an attack of Yaroslav I the Wise, who installed Mieszko's older half-brother Bezprym onto the Polish throne. Mieszko took refuge in Bohemia, where he was imprisoned by the Duke Oldrich. In 1032 he regained power in one of the three districts, then united the country, making good use of the remaining power structures. At this time, several Polish territorial acquisitions of his father were lost: Upper Lusatia (also known as Milsko), part of Lower Lusatia, Red Ruthenia, western and central part of Upper Hungary (now Slovakia) and probably Moravia.
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Monika Pyrek
Monika Pyrek (born August 11, 1980) is a Polish pole vaulter.
Born in Gdynia, competing at the 2004 Olympics, she placed fourth with 4.55 metres, just behind another Polish pole vaulter born in Gdynia, Anna Rogowska. Monika Pyrek won a silver medal in the 2005 World Championships in Athletics with the result 4.60 m. She also won the silver medal at the 2006 European Athletics Championships.
Monika Pyrek's personal best is 4.82 metres. She has won the Polish Championship several times, most recently at the 2007 Polish Athletics Championships in Poznań.
Monika Pyrek lives and trains in Szczecin in the club MKL Szczecin.
For her sport achievements, she received: Knight's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta (5th Class) in 2009.
Monika Pyrek won the 12th season of Polish Dancing with the Stars - Taniec z Gwiazdami.
wn.com/Monika_Pyrek -
Oksywie culture
The Oksywie Culture was an archaeological culture which existed in the area of modern day Eastern Pomerania around the lower Vistula river from the 2nd century BC to the early 1st century AD.
The Oksywie culture is named after the village Oksywie, now part of the city of Gdynia in northern Poland, where the first archaeological finds typical of this culture were discovered.
Archaeological research of last decades near Pomerania in Poland suggests the transition of the local comonent of the Pomeranian culture into the Oksywie culture in the 2nd century BC. Its timing coincides with the mass migration of a new population from northern Germany - perhaps from the neighbouring Jastorf culture and not a culture in Scandinavia - into the Pomeranian culture areas. It appears likely that the new population which appeared on the southern coast of the Baltic in the early 1st century AD - probably from the east (i.e. the east Baltic cultures and/or the eastern components of the Przeworsk culture) - catalyzed the transformation of the Oksywie culture into the Wielbark culture. The Wielbark culture may have developed a close relationship with not only the local eastern components of the Przeworsk culture, which may have been assimilated into the Wielbark culture, but also, by trade, groups of people in Scandinavia although the Goths as a tribe cannot be identified with a Nordic origin whatsoever.
wn.com/Oksywie_culture -
Pawel Anaszkiewicz
Pawel Anaszkiewicz, born in Gdynia, Poland, is a Polish-Mexican artist. He is a visual artist working with video-installations and sculptures. His video-installations are confronting real and projected spaces. In sculpture he is working with big pieces of rusted metal, and his conception of metal and the space surrounding it is that of two element embracing each other. He is currently working as a professor at the Universidad Autónoma del Estado Morelo's Facultad de Artes Plasticas at Cuernavaca.
wn.com/Pawel_Anaszkiewicz -
Przemysł II
Przemysł II (also given in English and Latin as Premyslas or Premislaus, Polish: Przemysł or less properly Przemysław) (14 October 1257 – 8 February 1296) was the Duke of Poznań, Greater Poland, Kraków and Pomerelia, and then King of Poland from 1295 until his death. After a long period of polish High Dukes, and two nominal kings, he was the first to obtain the hereditary title of King, and for Poland the rank of Kingdom.
Przemysł was born to Duke Przemysł I of Greater Poland and Elisabeth, daughter of Duke Henry II the Pious of Silesia.
Before 1277, he became a duke of Poznań, and after the death of his uncle Boleslaw the Pious in 1279, he became the duke of whole of Greater Poland. Przemysł held a secret meeting and according to the Treaty of Kępno (1282), he was co-ruler with Mestwin II, duke of Pomerelia or Eastern Pomerania. In 1283 that meeting place, the later Kępno received from Przemysł city rights under the name of Langenfort/vort. In 1294 Przemysł became the successor at Gdańsk. In 1287 this alliance had been extended to duke Boguslaw IV of Western Pomerania.
wn.com/Przemysł_II -
Robert M. Citino
Robert M. Citino (born 19 June 1958) is an American historian, currently an Associate Professor at the University of North Texas. He specializes in German military history and has written several historical books on the subject. He has appeared as a consultant on the History Channel several times on the subject of World War II and German military tactics.
Citino was born in Cleveland, Ohio. After graduating with his Bachelor's degree in history from Ohio State University, where he graduated Magna Cum Laude in 1978, Citino then went on to earn his Master's and PhD from Indiana University in 1980 and 1984, respectively. His PhD advisor was Barbara Jelavich. He is married with three daughters, and has taught history at Eastern Michigan University since 1991, occasionally taking a sabbatical to write another book. He is fluent in German and is a prolific reader of early 20th century German military literature, particularly the Militär-Wochenblatt, a professional German military periodical published from 1816 to 1942.
wn.com/Robert_M._Citino -
Shanghai
Shanghai is the largest city by population of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the largest city proper by population in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities of the PRC, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010. It is a global city, with influence in commerce, culture, finance, media, fashion, technology, and transport. It is a major financial center and the busiest container port in the world.
Located in the Yangtze River Delta in eastern China, Shanghai sits at the mouth of the Yangtze River in the middle portion of the Chinese coast. The municipality borders Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces to the west, and is bounded to the east by the East China Sea.
Once a fishing and textiles town, Shanghai grew in importance in the 19th century due to European recognition of its favorable port location and economic potential. The city was one of several opened to foreign trade following the British victory over China in the first opium war and the subsequent 1842 Treaty of Nanking which allowed the establishment of the Shanghai International Settlement. The city then flourished as a center of commerce between east and west, and became the undisputed financial hub of the Asia Pacific in the 1930s. However, with the Communist Party takeover of the mainland in 1949, the city's international influence declined. In the 1990s, the economic reforms introduced by Deng Xiaoping resulted in an intense re-development of the city, aiding the return of finance and foreign investment to the city.
wn.com/Shanghai -
Stefan Liv
Stefan Daniel Patryk Liv (21 December 1980 – 7 September 2011), born Patryk Śliż, was a Polish-born Swedish professional ice hockey goaltender. Liv played professionally in Sweden, North America and Russia. Liv played nine seasons for HV71 in Sweden. He played one season of minor league hockey in North America then returned to Europe. Upon his return, he played three seasons in Sweden, then moved to Russia in 2009. He was a member of Lokomotiv Yaroslavl of the KHL when he died with the rest of the team in a plane crash. He was a member of several Swedish national teams, including the 2006 Olympic championship team.
Liv was born in Gdynia, Poland, as Patryk Śliz, given to an orphanage in Gdańsk and adopted by a Swedish family around the age of two. He kept his original first name as a second first name.
Liv was the starting goaltender for HC Sibir and was often chosen for the Swedish national team. On 22 December 2005, he was named as third goaltender to Team Sweden for the 2006 Winter Olympics. He wore the goaltender's glove on his left hand. He was agile, quick in moving from side to side and skilled with close-range shots, and his unorthodox style reminded some of Dominik Hašek.
wn.com/Stefan_Liv -
Wojciech Szczurek
Wojciech Szczurek (born 1 December 1963 in Gdynia) has been the mayor of the City of Gdynia since 1998. He was also the Advisor to the President of the Republic of Poland - Lech Kaczyński for self-government.
wn.com/Wojciech_Szczurek
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Dworzec w Gdyni otwarty! Nowoczesność łączy się z zabytkowym wnętrzem
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:45
- Updated: 30 Oct 2012
Zakończył się rozpoczęty w sierpniu 2010 roku remont Dworca Głównego w Gdyni. Przeczytajcie więcej i zobaczcie zdjęcia na gdynia.naszemiasto.pl
http://wn.com/Dworzec_w_Gdyni_otwarty!_Nowoczesność_łączy_się_z_zabytkowym_wnętrzem
Zakończył się rozpoczęty w sierpniu 2010 roku remont Dworca Głównego w Gdyni. Przeczytajcie więcej i zobaczcie zdjęcia na gdynia.naszemiasto.pl
#4 Piękna Gdynia (PL)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:21
- Updated: 21 Nov 2012
GDYNIA. Kolejny odcinek Polish Arena, zrealizowany w przepięknym, portowym mieście "Gdynia". Jedno z największych miast w północnej części Polski. Gdynia obok Gdańska i Sopotu wchodzi w skład Trójmiasta. Oficjalny odcinek: polisharena.pl PODRÓŻUJ RAZEM Z NAMI (LOKALIZACJE W FILMIE): 1) Fontanna, Skwer Kościuszki 2) Krzyż na Kamiennej Górze 3) Ławeczka Antoniego Suchanka 4) Pomnik Obrońców Gdyni 1939 5) Muzeum Miasta Gdyni 6) Graffiti 345 metrów, ul. Podgórska 7) Przystań rybacka, Gdynia Orłowo 8) Ławeczka Kaszubów, Plac Kaszubski 9) Akwarium Gdyńskie 10) Wieża widokowa w Kolibkach 11) Molo w Orłowie 12) Kościół NMP Królowej Polski 13) Pomnik Żagle, al. Jana Pawła II 14) Widok na Sea Towers, Port Gdynia 15) Port Jachtowy Marina Gdynia 16) Zlot Trabantów, al. Jana Pawła II 17) Statek Pasażerski Onyx, Port Gdynia 18) Statek Pasażerski Regida, Port Gdynia 19) Widok na morze, Port Gdynia 20) Statek Dar pomorza, Port Gdynia 21) Statek Rubin, Port Gdynia 22) Plaża w Śródmieściu 23) Bulwar Nadmorski im. Feliksa Nowowiejskiego
http://wn.com/_4_Piękna_Gdynia_PL
GDYNIA. Kolejny odcinek Polish Arena, zrealizowany w przepięknym, portowym mieście "Gdynia". Jedno z największych miast w północnej części Polski. Gdynia obok Gdańska i Sopotu wchodzi w skład Trójmiasta. Oficjalny odcinek: polisharena.pl PODRÓŻUJ RAZEM Z NAMI (LOKALIZACJE W FILMIE): 1) Fontanna, Skwer Kościuszki 2) Krzyż na Kamiennej Górze 3) Ławeczka Antoniego Suchanka 4) Pomnik Obrońców Gdyni 1939 5) Muzeum Miasta Gdyni 6) Graffiti 345 metrów, ul. Podgórska 7) Przystań rybacka, Gdynia Orłowo 8) Ławeczka Kaszubów, Plac Kaszubski 9) Akwarium Gdyńskie 10) Wieża widokowa w Kolibkach 11) Molo w Orłowie 12) Kościół NMP Królowej Polski 13) Pomnik Żagle, al. Jana Pawła II 14) Widok na Sea Towers, Port Gdynia 15) Port Jachtowy Marina Gdynia 16) Zlot Trabantów, al. Jana Pawła II 17) Statek Pasażerski Onyx, Port Gdynia 18) Statek Pasażerski Regida, Port Gdynia 19) Widok na morze, Port Gdynia 20) Statek Dar pomorza, Port Gdynia 21) Statek Rubin, Port Gdynia 22) Plaża w Śródmieściu 23) Bulwar Nadmorski im. Feliksa Nowowiejskiego
- published: 25 Sep 2012
- views: 1077
- author: PolishArenaPL
Gdynia - moje miasto
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:10
- Updated: 10 Nov 2012
Do zobaczenia w Gdyni :)
http://wn.com/Gdynia_moje_miasto
Gdynia'82
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:09
- Updated: 15 Dec 2012
Gdynia zimą 1982 r. Dla ilustracji muzycznej wykorzystany utwór Kiev Office "Syndrom"
http://wn.com/Gdynia'82
Gdynia zimą 1982 r. Dla ilustracji muzycznej wykorzystany utwór Kiev Office "Syndrom"
- published: 26 Feb 2012
- views: 5291
- author: Maria Ossowska
Gdynia
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:15
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
Stowarzyszenie Cała Polska miga oraz Pomorska Regionalna Organizacja Turystyczna zapraszają do obejrzenia relacji z wycieczki na Pomorze.
http://wn.com/Gdynia
Stowarzyszenie Cała Polska miga oraz Pomorska Regionalna Organizacja Turystyczna zapraszają do obejrzenia relacji z wycieczki na Pomorze.
- published: 29 Aug 2011
- views: 4992
- author: Krzysztof Ostanówko
94 Urodziny Niepodległej, Parada Niepodległości w Gdyni, 11.11.2012 r.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:38
- Updated: 24 Nov 2012
http://wn.com/94_Urodziny_Niepodległej,_Parada_Niepodległości_w_Gdyni,_11112012_r
Sztorm Gdynia 14.10.2009 - Bulwar
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:14
- Updated: 03 Dec 2012
http://wn.com/Sztorm_Gdynia_14102009_Bulwar
Truck Driving in Real : Gdańsk-Tczew-Gdynia
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 54:49
- Updated: 10 Nov 2012
=======Czytaj Opis======= Gdy rano chcieliśmy się załadować okazało się, że zasilanie windy padło ..., jak już wróciliśmy z warsztatu zostało dla nas tylko lekko ponad 1900 ton :/ Mieliśmy parę punktów w Tczewie, a później było trzeba odbierać towar na wysyłkę od zleceniodawców. Jednym słowem. Poniedziałek to ******* dzień. :D Ender City: ender-city.pl Facebook: www.facebook.com =======================
http://wn.com/Truck_Driving_in_Real_Gdańsk-Tczew-Gdynia
=======Czytaj Opis======= Gdy rano chcieliśmy się załadować okazało się, że zasilanie windy padło ..., jak już wróciliśmy z warsztatu zostało dla nas tylko lekko ponad 1900 ton :/ Mieliśmy parę punktów w Tczewie, a później było trzeba odbierać towar na wysyłkę od zleceniodawców. Jednym słowem. Poniedziałek to ******* dzień. :D Ender City: ender-city.pl Facebook: www.facebook.com =======================
- published: 12 Jul 2012
- views: 1131
- author: GSInfinity
HARDBASS GDYNIA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:34
- Updated: 18 Dec 2012
HARDBASS GDYNIA 15.06.2011 HardBass MP3 SET: www39.zippyshare.com
http://wn.com/HARDBASS_GDYNIA
HARDBASS GDYNIA 15.06.2011 HardBass MP3 SET: www39.zippyshare.com
- published: 17 Jun 2011
- views: 447214
- author: Bercik Bercikowy
Gdynia - Łódź w 10 minut
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:56
- Updated: 11 Dec 2012
Trasa Gdynia-Łódź przyspieszona 20x 3s czasu filmu to 1min czasu rzeczywistego
http://wn.com/Gdynia_Łódź_w_10_minut
Trasa Gdynia-Łódź przyspieszona 20x 3s czasu filmu to 1min czasu rzeczywistego
- published: 15 Jan 2012
- views: 6857
- author: Tomasz Pyra
Gdynia nagrodziła najlepszych maturzystów 2012 roku
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:18
- Updated: 10 Dec 2012
25 września 2012r. w III Liceum Ogólnokształcącym odbyło się spotkanie z 26 najlepszymi - w swoich szkołach - gdyńskimi maturzystami. Każdą z gdyńskich szkół ponadgimnazjalnych reprezentował uczeń, który w minionym roku szkolnym otrzymał najwyższą liczbę punktów z egzaminu maturalnego. Wyróżnieni absolwenci otrzymali pamiątkowe pióra oraz listy gratulacyjne. Dzięki Stowarzyszeniu Plymouth-Gdynia Twinning Panel po raz kolejny wręczona została nagroda dla ucznia, który uzyskał na maturze najwyższą liczbę punktów z języka angielskiego. Wynosi ona 250 funtów. W 2012 r. maturę w Gdyni zdawało 2227 uczniów oraz 242 dorosłych. Wśród największych miast w Polsce nasze może poszczycić się najwyższą zdawalnością (prawie 88,5%), a także najlepszym wynikiem z matematyki (średnia 67,1 pkt). Gdyńscy uczniowie zajęli drugie miejsce pod względem średniej punktów uzyskanych na maturze z języka angielskiego - 77,7 pkt (po Warszawie - 79,3 pkt) oraz francuskiego - 91,7 pkt (po Katowicach - 92,63 pkt).
http://wn.com/Gdynia_nagrodziła_najlepszych_maturzystów_2012_roku
25 września 2012r. w III Liceum Ogólnokształcącym odbyło się spotkanie z 26 najlepszymi - w swoich szkołach - gdyńskimi maturzystami. Każdą z gdyńskich szkół ponadgimnazjalnych reprezentował uczeń, który w minionym roku szkolnym otrzymał najwyższą liczbę punktów z egzaminu maturalnego. Wyróżnieni absolwenci otrzymali pamiątkowe pióra oraz listy gratulacyjne. Dzięki Stowarzyszeniu Plymouth-Gdynia Twinning Panel po raz kolejny wręczona została nagroda dla ucznia, który uzyskał na maturze najwyższą liczbę punktów z języka angielskiego. Wynosi ona 250 funtów. W 2012 r. maturę w Gdyni zdawało 2227 uczniów oraz 242 dorosłych. Wśród największych miast w Polsce nasze może poszczycić się najwyższą zdawalnością (prawie 88,5%), a także najlepszym wynikiem z matematyki (średnia 67,1 pkt). Gdyńscy uczniowie zajęli drugie miejsce pod względem średniej punktów uzyskanych na maturze z języka angielskiego - 77,7 pkt (po Warszawie - 79,3 pkt) oraz francuskiego - 91,7 pkt (po Katowicach - 92,63 pkt).
- published: 25 Sep 2012
- views: 582
- author: umgdynia
Cheerleaders Gdynia (Poland) - "Call Me Maybe"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:35
- Updated: 14 Dec 2012
radioeuro2016.pl - realizacja Mikołaj Polak
http://wn.com/Cheerleaders_Gdynia_Poland_Call_Me_Maybe
radioeuro2016.pl - realizacja Mikołaj Polak
- published: 02 Dec 2012
- views: 4760
- author: mikpolo7777777
Niewybuch pod torami PKP SKM Gdynia Chylonia Saperzy w akcji Utrudnienia w ruchu pociągów
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:15
- Updated: 14 Dec 2012
Niewybuch pod torami PKP SKM Gdynia Chylonia. Saperzy w akcji. Patrol saperski. Utrudnienia w ruchu pociągów. 16.04.2012. Straż Ochrony Kolei SOK Rumia Rumski Gdyni Szybka Kolej Miejska Polskie Linie Kolejowe Policja Pożarna Miejska Pogotowie Ratunkowe na sygnale alarmowo ulica Pucka Leszczynki Saper Marynka Wojenna
http://wn.com/Niewybuch_pod_torami_PKP_SKM_Gdynia_Chylonia_Saperzy_w_akcji_Utrudnienia_w_ruchu_pociągów
Niewybuch pod torami PKP SKM Gdynia Chylonia. Saperzy w akcji. Patrol saperski. Utrudnienia w ruchu pociągów. 16.04.2012. Straż Ochrony Kolei SOK Rumia Rumski Gdyni Szybka Kolej Miejska Polskie Linie Kolejowe Policja Pożarna Miejska Pogotowie Ratunkowe na sygnale alarmowo ulica Pucka Leszczynki Saper Marynka Wojenna
- published: 16 Apr 2012
- views: 4134
- author: rumia24net
HEMPSZOP™ GDYNIA ! (DIIL.TV HD)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:35
- Updated: 10 Dec 2012
WWW.HEMPSZOP.PL WWW.DIIL.TV HEMPSZOP Gdynia Ul. Morska 155 81-006 Gdynia Telefon: +48 796298320 Zapraszamy ! Muzyka: Szwed SWD (DIIL GANG)
http://wn.com/HEMPSZOP™_GDYNIA_!_DIILTV_HD
WWW.HEMPSZOP.PL WWW.DIIL.TV HEMPSZOP Gdynia Ul. Morska 155 81-006 Gdynia Telefon: +48 796298320 Zapraszamy ! Muzyka: Szwed SWD (DIIL GANG)
- published: 06 Jul 2012
- views: 21731
- author: diiltv
Wypadek statku w Gdyni. Prom uderzył w nabrzeże, przewrócił suwnice. Gdynia Port BCT
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:20
- Updated: 29 Nov 2012
Wypadek statku w Gdyni. Prom uderzył w nabrzeże, przewrócił suwnice. W czwartek 17.05.2012 przed godziną 9 prom Stena Sprint podczas manewru wypływania z portu Gdynia uderzył w nabrzeże i zahaczył o suwnicę która się przewróciła na kontenery. 70 metrowy dźwig upadł. Przyczyną był silny wiatr. Trzy osoby obsługi BCT zostały ranne odwiezione je do szpitala. Na miejscu teren zabezpieczyły trzy zastępy państwowej straży pożarnej oraz straż portowa. Choć statek nie doznał uszkodzeń został zawrócony do portu. Na pokładzie promu było 120 pasażerów oraz załoga. # Maritime Office Marine Environment Protection na sygnale alarmowo policja prokurator
http://wn.com/Wypadek_statku_w_Gdyni_Prom_uderzył_w_nabrzeże,_przewrócił_suwnice_Gdynia_Port_BCT
Wypadek statku w Gdyni. Prom uderzył w nabrzeże, przewrócił suwnice. W czwartek 17.05.2012 przed godziną 9 prom Stena Sprint podczas manewru wypływania z portu Gdynia uderzył w nabrzeże i zahaczył o suwnicę która się przewróciła na kontenery. 70 metrowy dźwig upadł. Przyczyną był silny wiatr. Trzy osoby obsługi BCT zostały ranne odwiezione je do szpitala. Na miejscu teren zabezpieczyły trzy zastępy państwowej straży pożarnej oraz straż portowa. Choć statek nie doznał uszkodzeń został zawrócony do portu. Na pokładzie promu było 120 pasażerów oraz załoga. # Maritime Office Marine Environment Protection na sygnale alarmowo policja prokurator
- published: 17 May 2012
- views: 21992
- author: rumia24net
Ding 丁俊暉v John Higgins ~ 2012 Gdynia Open - Poland (ET2) RD.1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 56:32
- Updated: 09 Dec 2012
The European Tour event runs from Friday to Sunday at Hala Sportowo-Widowiskowa in Gdynia www.worldsnooker.com
http://wn.com/Ding_丁俊暉v_John_Higgins_~_2012_Gdynia_Open_Poland_ET2_RD1
The European Tour event runs from Friday to Sunday at Hala Sportowo-Widowiskowa in Gdynia www.worldsnooker.com
- published: 06 Oct 2012
- views: 1579
- author: Victor Yeung
Bieg Niepodległości w Gdyni, 11.11.2012 r.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 34:39
- Updated: 22 Nov 2012
http://wn.com/Bieg_Niepodległości_w_Gdyni,_11112012_r
Gdynia Orłowo - zsuwanie bunkru do wody
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:36
- Updated: 23 Nov 2012
Więcej: www.mmtrojmiasto.pl
http://wn.com/Gdynia_Orłowo_zsuwanie_bunkru_do_wody
Zrzucanie schronu z klifu w Gdyni Redłowie
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:22
- Updated: 30 Nov 2012
Betonowy schron z klifu w Redłowie został we wtorek, 13 listopada 2012 roku zrzucony na plażę. Będzie teraz stanowił atrakcję turystyczną. Więcej zdjęć i informacji: gdynia.naszemiasto.pl
http://wn.com/Zrzucanie_schronu_z_klifu_w_Gdyni_Redłowie
Betonowy schron z klifu w Redłowie został we wtorek, 13 listopada 2012 roku zrzucony na plażę. Będzie teraz stanowił atrakcję turystyczną. Więcej zdjęć i informacji: gdynia.naszemiasto.pl
- published: 13 Nov 2012
- views: 6371
- author: NaszeMiastoTV
Przyjazd kibiców Pogoni Szczecin do Gdyni. Oddziały Prewencji Policji zabezpieczenie Gdynia
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:16
- Updated: 11 Nov 2012
Przyjazd kibiców Pogoni Szczecin do Gdyni. Oddziały Prewencji Policji w trakcie zabezpieczenia przejazdu kiboli na mecz Arka Gdynia - Pogoń Szczecin 1-liga 27.05.2012. Na sygnale alarmowo
http://wn.com/Przyjazd_kibiców_Pogoni_Szczecin_do_Gdyni_Oddziały_Prewencji_Policji_zabezpieczenie_Gdynia
Przyjazd kibiców Pogoni Szczecin do Gdyni. Oddziały Prewencji Policji w trakcie zabezpieczenia przejazdu kiboli na mecz Arka Gdynia - Pogoń Szczecin 1-liga 27.05.2012. Na sygnale alarmowo
- published: 27 May 2012
- views: 36543
- author: rumia24net
Dworzec Gdynia Główna otwarty
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:13
- Updated: 23 Nov 2012
Więcej: www.mmtrojmiasto.pl
http://wn.com/Dworzec_Gdynia_Główna_otwarty
Quick Livener - Prophet (53 Regaty Gdynia-Władysławowo-Gdynia 2012 )
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:30
- Updated: 20 Sep 2012
www.sailbook.pl Video Recorder - HTC One S
http://wn.com/Quick_Livener_Prophet_53_Regaty_Gdynia-Władysławowo-Gdynia_2012_
Jesienne "Psie Fikołki" 2012 w Gdyni
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:59
- Updated: 10 Dec 2012
7 października 2012 r. w Adventure Park w Kolibkach odbyła się jesienna edycja "Psich fikołków" - imprezy skierowanej do właścicieli psów i ich czworonożnych przyjaciół. To cykliczna impreza, która odbywa się dwa razy w roku - wiosną i jesienią. Zgodnie z hasłem, że pies wybiegany, to pies szczęśliwy, podczas festynu można było rozładować energię czworonogów na torze przeszkód, zacieśnić więzi ze swymi pupilami, odbyć dogtrekking z przygodami, a także adoptować psa z gdyńskiego "Ciapkowa". Festyn jest częścią gdyńskiego programu edukacyjno-informacyjnego "Pies w wielkim mieście", realizowanego od 2009 r. W ramach akcji na terenie wszystkich dzielnic zamontowano w sumie ponad 200 dystrybutorów bezpłatnych torebek na psie nieczystości. Co roku Miasto zamawia 0,5 mln takich torebek. Częścią programu są także identyfikatory, dzięki którym każdy zarejestrowany pies staje się obywatelem Gdyni.
http://wn.com/Jesienne_Psie_Fikołki_2012_w_Gdyni
7 października 2012 r. w Adventure Park w Kolibkach odbyła się jesienna edycja "Psich fikołków" - imprezy skierowanej do właścicieli psów i ich czworonożnych przyjaciół. To cykliczna impreza, która odbywa się dwa razy w roku - wiosną i jesienią. Zgodnie z hasłem, że pies wybiegany, to pies szczęśliwy, podczas festynu można było rozładować energię czworonogów na torze przeszkód, zacieśnić więzi ze swymi pupilami, odbyć dogtrekking z przygodami, a także adoptować psa z gdyńskiego "Ciapkowa". Festyn jest częścią gdyńskiego programu edukacyjno-informacyjnego "Pies w wielkim mieście", realizowanego od 2009 r. W ramach akcji na terenie wszystkich dzielnic zamontowano w sumie ponad 200 dystrybutorów bezpłatnych torebek na psie nieczystości. Co roku Miasto zamawia 0,5 mln takich torebek. Częścią programu są także identyfikatory, dzięki którym każdy zarejestrowany pies staje się obywatelem Gdyni.
- published: 08 Oct 2012
- views: 362
- author: umgdynia
photo: AP / Jason DeCrow
16 Dec 2012
NEWTOWN, Conn. — The gunman in the Connecticut shooting rampage committed suicide as first responders closed in, the governor said Sunday, raising the specter that Adam Lanza had planned an even more gruesome massacre and was stopped short. Lanza blasted his way into the building and used a high-power rifle to kill 20 children and six adults, including the principal who tried to stop him, authorities said ... Among the questions ... H ... The Rev....(size: 8.8Kb)
photo: AP / Charles Krupa
18 Dec 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. "Most people reason dramatically, not quantitatively." -Oliver Wendell Holmes. On the same day that a 20-year-old, described as brilliant but remote, walked into an elementary school in Connecticut and massacred 26 children and adults, the school where I teach went on "lock-down." Four students with a handgun were arrested ... That morning before school, he had posted on Twitter and Facebook....(size: 14.0Kb)
photo: AP / Pablo Martinez Monsivais
19 Dec 2012
WASHINGTON. US President Barack Obama backs a new bill to revive an assault weapons ban and other new gun laws, the White House said Tuesday, fleshing out his nascent response to a shocking school massacre. Obama also called an ardently pro-gun senator who has shifted his position on firearms laws since Friday's carnage in Connecticut and has begun meeting top cabinet officials to consider his options, his spokesman Jay Carney said ... ....(size: 4.9Kb)
photo: AP / Manu Brabo
18 Dec 2012
The UN's humanitarian chief has called on Syria to urgently allow fuel imports for aid deliveries and give access to 10 more aid agencies. Valerie Amos met government officials in the capital, Damascus, to discuss the growing humanitarian crisis. UN workers also needed to freely move into opposition-controlled areas to step up their aid efforts, she said ... 'Greater rebel contact' ... The claim could not be independently verified ... ....(size: 2.6Kb)
photo: Creative Commons / Joachim Huber
18 Dec 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. When a Stanford geneticist, Gerald Crabtree, published a provocative and controversial new view on evolutionary change, namely that humans are actually getting dumber, he should have also added that humans are still developing an extermination gene ... Paleontologist Tim Flannery would more than likely agree with Crabtree ... Strange strings of gravel also overlaid some bones ... (1) Kane, Alex ... 195....(size: 9.4Kb)
noodls
19 Dec 2012
(Source. Agora SA Group). Press release. Just before Christmas, on December 21st, 2012 Helios shall open its first cinema in Bydgoszcz in Galeria Pomorska ... The cinema in Bydgoszcz is the seventh multiplex opened by Helios in 2012 ... in Gdynia, Kalisz, Nowy Sacz, Bialystok and Siedlce ... (noodl....(size: 1.9Kb)
Music News
15 Dec 2012
Arctic Monkeys are the latest act to confirm for the 2013 Open'er festival ... They are the latest exciting addition to what is already an outstanding bill joining Blur, Kings of Leon and Queens Of The Stone Age, who will take to the stage in Gdynia on the north coast of Poland for four days of exceptional entertainment at incredibly affordable prices ... EUR 47) Please note....(size: 2.1Kb)
San Francisco Chronicle
15 Dec 2012
Amelia and Terror of the Night is an extraordinary, quirky interactive story book app not only for children. It stands out for its visually stunning presentation and interactivity. Not only in art style but also in unique 3d effect and animations. Gdynia, Poland (PRWEB) December 14, 2012. The book tells a story about little girl Amelia and her 3 animal friends ... Features.. ✓ over 360 interactions and animations, ... ✓ over 400 humorous sounds,....(size: 2.1Kb)
Stuff
15 Dec 2012
... Fenerbahce Istanbul and Spaniards Caja Laboral Vitoria also won their final games in the preliminary group stage to avoid embarrassing early exits for their expensive squads ... Last season's runners-up CSKA Moscow enjoyed a 78-75 win at 2010 champions Barcelona and Montepaschi Siena, who also reached the top 16 with games to spare, squandered a 28-point lead in a 95-88 home defeat by eliminated Polish side Asseco Prokom Gdynia ... ....(size: 3.4Kb)
The Guardian
14 Dec 2012
By Zoran Milosavljevic ... 27 ... Coach Chris Fleming said ... SWEET REVENGE ... Milan crashed out with a third successive defeat after going down 82-81 at holders Olympiakos Piraeus. Last season's runners-up CSKA Moscow enjoyed a 78-75 win at 2010 champions Barcelona and Montepaschi Siena, who also reached the top 16 with games to spare, squandered a 28-point lead in a 95-88 home defeat by eliminated Polish side Asseco Prokom Gdynia ... Sport....(size: 10.4Kb)
CNN
11 Dec 2012
December 11, 2012 -- Updated 1745 GMT (0145 HKT). If meeting Santa is on your Christmas to-do-list then a trip to Rovaniemi in Finland is a must. The village in Lapland, located just north of the Arctic Circle, has become known as the Christmas HQ -- where kids and adults can make gingerbread cookies with Mrs. Claus or enroll in Elf School ... Quebec ... A few thousand Santa Clauses ride between Gdansk and Gdynia, Poland, on Sunday, December 9....(size: 34.6Kb)
noodls
09 Dec 2012
(Source ... The ibis Styles Gdynia Reda in Poland, the ibis Styles Dahab Lagoon in Egypt, the ibis Styles Kuala Lumpur Fraser Business Park and the ibis Styles Kuala Lumpur Cheras in Malaysia, are the new hotels that represent the brand's worldwide expansion ... The ibis Styles Gdynia Reda is a franchised hotel located in Reda, North Poland. It is a region people travel through on the Berlin-Gdansk route, and a prime location ... (noodl....(size: 3.5Kb)
Belfast Telegraph
06 Dec 2012
Rescuers have given up hope of finding any more survivors from a cargo ship that sank in the frigid North Sea off the Dutch coast, saying they are searching for the bodies of six crewmen still missing, bringing the presumed death toll to 11 ... Four bodies were found on Wednesday and 13 survivors were rescued ... The cause of the collision is not known ... He said the Baltic Ace was built in the Gdynia shipyard in Poland in 2007 ... ....(size: 3.4Kb)
NZ Herald
06 Dec 2012
Rescuers called off search efforts for six missing crewmen today from a cargo ship that sank in the North Sea after a collision with another vessel. The presumed death toll is 11 - taking into account the missing and five bodies found so far ... Westenberg said passing ships were still being notified by radio to remain alert for possible human remains ... He said the Baltic Ace was built in the Gdynia shipyard in Poland in 2007 ... - AP. ....(size: 3.8Kb)
Belfast Telegraph
06 Dec 2012
Rescuers have called off search efforts for six missing crewmen from a cargo ship that sank in the frigid North Sea off the Dutch coast. The presumed death toll is 11 - taking into account the missing and five bodies found so far. Four bodies were found on Wednesday and 13 survivors were rescued ... The cause of the collision is not known ... All are expected to recover ... He said the Baltic Ace was built in the Gdynia shipyard in Poland in 2007....(size: 3.6Kb)
Newsday
06 Dec 2012
Photos. AMSTERDAM - (AP) -- Rescuers called off search efforts for six missing crewmen Thursday from a cargo ship that sank in the North Sea after a collision with another vessel. The presumed death toll is 11 -- taking into account the missing and five bodies found so far ... The cause of the collision wasn't known ... All survivors were expected to fully recover ... He said the Baltic Ace was built in the Gdynia shipyard in Poland in 2007 ... ___ ... ....(size: 4.6Kb)
Seattle Post
06 Dec 2012
AMSTERDAM (AP) — Rescuers called off search efforts for six missing crewmen Thursday from a cargo ship that sank in the North Sea after a collision with another vessel. The presumed death toll is 11 — taking into account the missing and five bodies found so far ... The cause of the collision wasn't known ... A ship is posted near the spot to help guide shipping traffic ... He said the Baltic Ace was built in the Gdynia shipyard in Poland in 2007....(size: 3.7Kb)
New York Daily News
06 Dec 2012
AMSTERDAM -- Rescuers called off search efforts for six missing crewmen Thursday from a cargo ship that sank in the North Sea after a collision with another vessel. The presumed death toll is 11 - taking into account the missing and five bodies found so far ... The cause of the collision wasn't known ... A ship is posted near the spot to help guide shipping traffic ... He said the Baltic Ace was built in the Gdynia shipyard in Poland in 2007 ... ....(size: 3.8Kb)
 |
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2010) |
| Gdynia | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Motto: Uśmiechnij się, jesteś w Gdyni (Smile, you're in Gdynia) |
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 Gdynia
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| Coordinates: 54°30′N 18°32′E / 54.5°N 18.533°E / 54.5; 18.533 | |||
| Country |  Poland |
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| Voivodeship | Pomeranian | ||
| County | city county | ||
| City rights | February 10, 1926 | ||
| Boroughs | 22 dzielnicas | ||
| Government | |||
| • Mayor | Wojciech Szczurek | ||
| • Vice President | Ewa Łowkiel | ||
| • Vice President | Michał Guć | ||
| • Vice President | Bogusław Stasiak | ||
| • Vice President | Marek Stępa | ||
| Area | |||
| • Total | 136 km2 (53 sq mi) | ||
| Highest elevation | 205 m (673 ft) | ||
| Lowest elevation | 0 m (0 ft) | ||
| Population (2009) | |||
| • Total | 248,889 | ||
| • Density | 1,800/km2 (4,700/sq mi) | ||
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | ||
| Postal code | 81-004 to 81-919 | ||
| Area code(s) | +48 58 | ||
| Car plates | GA | ||
| Website | http://www.gdynia.pl | ||
Gdynia [ˈɡdɨɲa] ( listen) (Kashubian: Gdiniô, German: Gdingen) is a city in the Pomeranian Voivodeship of Poland and an important seaport of Gdańsk Bay on the south coast of the Baltic Sea.
Located in Kashubia in Eastern Pomerania, Gdynia is part of a conurbation with the spa town of Sopot, the city of Gdańsk and suburban communities, which together form a metropolitan area called the Tricity (Trójmiasto), with a population of over a million people.
Contents |
History[link]
The area of the later city of Gdynia shared its history with Pomerelia (Eastern Pomerania); in prehistoric times it was the center of Oksywie culture; it was later populated by Slavs with some Baltic Prussian influences.
- Late 10th century: Pomerelia was united with Poland.[1]
- During the reign of Mieszko II Pomerelia seceded from Poland and became independent.
- 1116/1121: Bolesław III reunited Pomerelia with Poland.[2]
- 1209: First mention of Oxhöft (now known as Oksywie, which is now a part of Gdynia).
- 1227: Pomerelia again became an independent Duchy.
- 1253: First known mention of the name "Gdynia", as a Pomeranian (Kashubian) fishing village. The first church on this part of the Baltic Sea coast was built there.
- 1294: Pomerelia was inherited by the future Polish king Przemysł II., and remained as part of Poland until –
- 1309-1310; The Teutonic Order conquered Pomerelia and added it to Prussia.
- 1380: The owner of the village which became Gdynia, Peter from Rusocin, gave the village to the Cistercian Order.
- 1382: Gdynia became property of the Cistercian abbey in Oliva, now Oliwa.
- 1454; Thirteen Years' War started.
- 1466: Thirteen Years' War ended. Pomerelia became part of Royal Prussia, a newly established province of the Kingdom of Poland,[3] and later on of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
- 1772: In the First Partition of Poland, Royal Prussia (including Gdynia) was annexed into the Kingdom of Prussia. Gdynia became known in German as Gdingen, and was expropriated from the Cistercian Order.
- 1789: There were only 21 houses in Gdynia.
- 1870:
- The Kingdom of Prussia became part of the German Empire.
- The village of Gdingen had some 1,200 inhabitants, and it was not a poor fishing village as it is sometimes described. It was a popular tourist spot with several guest houses, restaurants, cafes, several brick houses and a small harbour with a pier for small trading ships. The first Kashubian mayor of Gdingen was Jan Radtke.
- 1919: Treaty of Versailles and the start of the dismemberment of eastern Germany.
- 1920: Gdingen (now named Gdynia), along with other parts of former West Prussia, became a part of the new Republic of Poland; simultaneously, the city of Danzig and surrounding area was declared a free city and put under the League of Nations, though Poland was given economic liberties and requisitioned for matters of foreign representation.
Construction of the seaport[link]
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This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability. |
The decision to build a major seaport at the Gdynia village was made by the Polish government in the winter of 1920,[4] in the midst of the Polish-Soviet War (1919–1920).[5] The authorities and seaport workers of the Free City of Danzig felt Poland's economic rights in the city were being misappropriated to help fight the war.[citation needed] German dock workers went on strike, refusing to unload shipments of military supplies send from the West to aid the Polish army,[5] and Poland realized the need for a port city it was in complete control of, economically and politically.
Construction of Gdynia seaport was started in 1921,[5] but because of financial difficulties was conducted slowly and with interruptions. It was accelerated after the Sejm (Polish parliament) passed the Gdynia Seaport Construction Act on 23 September 1922. By 1923 a 550-metre pier, 175 metres of a wooden tide breaker, and a small harbour had been constructed. Ceremonial inauguration of Gdynia as a temporary military port and fishers' shelter took place on 23 April 1923, and the first major seagoing ship arrived on 13 August 1923.
To speed up the construction works, the Polish government in November 1924 signed a contract with the French-Polish Consortium for Gdynia Seaport Construction, which by the end of 1925 had built a small seven-metre-deep harbour, the south pier, part of the north pier, a railway, and had also ordered the trans-shipment equipment. The works were going more slowly than expected, however. They accelerated only after May 1926, because of an increase in Polish exports by sea, economic prosperity, the outbreak of the German–Polish trade war which reverted most Polish international trade to sea routes, and also thanks to the personal engagement of Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski, Polish Minister of Industry and Trade, also responsible for construction of Centralny Okręg Przemysłowy. Till the end of 1930 docks, piers, breakwaters and many auxiliary and industrial installations were constructed (such as depots, trans-shipment equipment, and a rice processing factory) or started (such as a large cold store).
Trans-shipments rose from 10,000 tons (1924) to 2,923,000 tons (1929). At this time Gdynia was the only transit and special seaport designed for coal exports. In the years 1931–1939 the Gdynia harbour was further extended to become a universal seaport. In 1938 Gdynia was the largest and most modern seaport on the Baltic Sea, as well as the tenth biggest in Europe. The trans-shipments rose to 8.7 million tons, which was 46% of Polish foreign trade. In 1938 the Gdynia shipyard started to build its first full-sea ship, the Olza.
Construction of the city[link]
The city was constructed later than the seaport. In 1925 a special committee was inaugurated to build the city; city expansion plans were designed and city rights were granted in 1926, and tax privileges were granted for investors in 1927. The city started to grow significantly after 1928.
A new railway station and the Post Office were completed. The State railways extended their lines, built bridges and also constructed a group of houses for their employees. Within a few years houses were built along some 10 miles of road leading northward from the Free City of Danzig to Gdynia and beyond. Public institutions and private employers helped their staffs to build houses.
In 1933 a plan of development providing for a population of 250,000 was worked out by a special commission appointed by a government committee, in collaboration with the municipal authorities. By 1939 the population had grown to over 120,000.[6]
During World War II (1939–1945)[link]
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This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability. |
The city and seaport were occupied in September 1939 by German troops and renamed Gotenhafen after the Goths, an ancient Germanic tribe, who had lived in the area. Some 50,000 Polish citizens, who after 1920 had been brought into the area by the Polish government after the decision to enlarge the harbour was made, were expelled into the General Government. Kashubians who were suspected to support the Polish cause, particularly those with higher education, were arrested and executed, the main place of executions being Piaśnica (Groß Plaßnitz), where about 12,000 were executed. The German gauleiter, Albert Forster considered Kashubians of "low value" and did not support any attempts to create a Kashubian nationality. Some Kashubians organized anti-Nazi resistance groups, "Gryf Kaszubski" (later "Gryf Pomorski"), and the exiled "Zwiazek Pomorski" in Great Britain.
The harbour was transformed into a German naval base. The shipyard was expanded in 1940 and became a branch of the Kiel shipyard (Deutsche Werke Kiel A.G.). Gotenhafen became an important base, due to its being relatively distant from the war theater, and many German large ships - battleships and heavy cruisers were anchored there. The seaport and the shipyard both witnessed several air raids by the Allies from 1943 onwards, but suffered little damage. The seaport area was largely destroyed by withdrawing German troops and millions of encircled refugees in 1945 being bombarded by Soviet Military (90% of the buildings and equipment were destroyed) and the harbour entrance was blocked by the German battleship Gneisenau that had been brought to Gotenhafen for major repairs.
During 1942, Dr. Joseph Goebbels authorized relocation of SS Cap Arcona to Gotenhafen Harbour as a stand-in for RMS Titanic during filming of the German produced movie TITANIC directed by Herbert Selpin.
The city was also the location for the Nazi concentration camp Gotenhafen, a subcamp of the Stutthof concentration camp near Gdańsk (Danzig).
Gotenhafen was also used during winter 1944-45 to evacuate German troops and refugees trapped by the Red Army. Some of the ships were hit by torpedoes from Soviet submarines in the Baltic Sea on the route West. For example, the ship Wilhelm Gustloff sank taking about 9,400 people with her– the worst loss of life in a single sinking in maritime history.
After World War II[link]
On March 28, 1945, Gotenhafen was captured by the Soviets and assigned to Polish Gdańsk Voivodeship, who again renamed it Gdynia.[4]
In the Polish 1970 protests, worker demonstrations took place at Gdynia Shipyard. Workers were fired upon by the police. The fallen became symbolized by a fictitious worker Janek Wiśniewski, commemorated in a song by Mieczysław Cholewa, Pieśń o Janku z Gdyni. One of Gdynia's important streets is named after Janek Wiśniewski. The same person was portrayed by Andrzej Wajda in his movie Man of Iron as Mateusz Birkut.
On December 4, 1999, a storm destroyed a huge crane in a shipyard, which was able to lift 900 tons.[7]
Economy[link]
![[icon]](http://web.archive.org./web/20121219182251/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} |
This section requires expansion. |
Notable companies that have their headquarters in Gdynia:
- Stocznia Gdynia, the largest Polish shipyard
- PROKOM SA, the largest Polish I.T. company
- C. Hartwig Gdynia SA, one of the largest Polish freight forwarders
- Sony Pictures - finance center
- Thomson Reuters - business data provider
- Nordea - banks
- Vistal - bridge constructions and shipbuilding markets
Transport[link]
Port of Gdynia[link]
Main article: Port of Gdynia
In 2007, 364,202 passengers, 17,025,000 tons of Cargo and 614,373 TEU containers passed through the port. Regular car ferry service operates between here and Karlskrona, Sweden.
Airport[link]
The conurbation's main airport, Gdańsk Lech Wałęsa Airport, lays approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) south-west of central Gdynia, and has connections to approximately 55 destinations. It is the third largest airport in Poland.[8] A second General Aviation terminal is scheduled to be opened by May 2012, which will increase the airport's capacity to 5mln passengers per year.
Another local airport, (Gdynia-Kosakowo Airport) is situated partly in the village of Kosakowo, just to the north of the city, and partly in Gdynia. This has been a military airport since the World War II, but it has been decided in 2006 that the airport will be used to serve civilians.[9] The work is currently under way and the airport should be ready for 2012.
Road transport[link]
Trasa Kwiatkowskiego links Port of Gdynia and the city with Obwodnica Trójmiejska, and therefore A1 motorway.
Education[link]
There are currently 8 universities and institutions of higher education based in Gdynia. Many students from Gdynia attend also universities located in the Tricity.
- State-owned:
- Gdynia Maritime University
- Polish Naval Academy
- University of Gdansk - departments of Biology, Geography and Oceanology
- Privately owned:
- Academy of International Economic and Political Relations
- Kwiatkowski Graduate School of Business Administration
- Pomeranian Higher School of Humanities
- Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University - department in Gdynia
- Higher School of Social Communication
Sports[link]
Sport teams
- Arka Gdynia - men’s football team (Polish Cup winner 1979, currently plays in the top division of Polish football, the Ekstraklasa)
- Bałtyk Gdynia - men's football team, playing in the 2nd league in the season 2009/2010;
- Lotos Gdynia - women’s basketball team (Polish Champion 2004 in Sharp Torell Basket Liga)
- Asseco Prokom Gdynia - men’s basketball team (Dominet Bank Ekstraliga and Euroleague)
- RC Arka Gdynia - rugby team (Champions of Poland in seasons 2003/2004, 2004/2005 and 2009/2010) [10]
- Seahawks Gdynia - American football team (Polish American Football League)
- Kager Gdynia - men’s basketball team (Dominet Bank Ekstraliga)
- KS Laczpol Gdynia - women’s handball team (1st league in season 2003/2004)
Sights and tourist attractions[link]
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This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability. |
Gdynia is a relatively modern city. Its architecture includes the 13th century St. Michael the Archangel's Church in Oksywie, the oldest building in Gdynia, and the 17th century neo-Gothic manor house located on Folwarczna Street in Orłowo. The city also holds many examples of early 20th century architecture, especially monumentalism and early functionalism, and modernism. A good example of modernism is PLO building situated at 10 Lutego Street.
The surrounding hills and the coastline attract many nature lovers. A leisure pier and a cliff-like coastline in Kępa Redłowska, as well as the surrounding Reservation Park, are also popular locations. In the harbour, there are two anchored museum ships, the ORP Blyskawica destroyer and the Dar Pomorza Tall ship frigate. A 1.5 kilometre long promenade leads from the marina in the city centre, to the beach in Redłowo.
Most of Gdynia can be seen from Kamienna Góra (54 metres asl) or the observation point near Chwaszczyno. There are also two observation towers, one at Góra Donas, the other at Kolibki.
Gdynia is also the host of the Heineken Open'er Festival, one of the biggest contemporary music festivals in Poland. The festival welcomes many foreign hip-hop, rock and electronic music artists every year. Another important summer event in Gdynia is the Viva Beach Party, which is a large two-day techno party made on Gdynia's Public Beach, usually held in August. Gdynia also hosts events for the annual Gdańsk Shakespeare Festival.
Modern division into neighbourhoods[link]
- Babie Doły
- Chwarzno Wiczlino
- Chylonia
- Cisowa
- Działki Leśne
- Dąbrowa
- Grabówek
- Kamienna Góra
- Karwiny
- Leszczynki
- Mały Kack
- Obłuże
- Oksywie
- Orłowo
- Pogórze
- Pustki Cisowskie-Demptowo
- Redłowo
- Śródmieście
- Wielki Kack
- Witomino Leśniczówka
- Witomino Radiostacja
- Wzgórze Św. Maksymiliana
Population and area[link]
| Year | Inhabitants | Area |
|---|---|---|
| 1870 | 1200 | |
| 1920 | 1300 | |
| 1926 | 12,000 | 6 km² |
| 1939 | 127,000 | 66 km² |
| 1945 | 70,000 | 66 km² |
| 1960 | 150,200 | 73 km² |
| 1970 | 191,500 | 75 km² |
| 1975 | 221,100 | 134 km² |
| 1980 | 236,400 | 134 km² |
| 1990 | 251,500 | 136 km² |
| 1994 | 252,000 | 136 km² |
| 1995 | 251,400 | 136 km² |
| 2000 | 255,420 | 135.49 km² (after GUS - Central Statistical Office in Warsaw) |
| 2009 | 248,889 | 136,72 km² |
Notable people[link]
- Józef Michał Hubert Unrug (1884–1973), German-born Polish vice admiral who helped create the Polish navy
- Franciszek Stefan Sokół (1890–1956) Polish author, Commissioner of the government of Gdynia and the city's chief promoter and defender
- Karol Olgierd Borchardt (1905–1986), Polish maritime author and educator
- Kazimierz Ostrowski (1917 Berlin - 1999 Gdynia) Polish painter
- Zbigniew Szczepanek (b. 1933) Polish author of maritime textbooks, considered one of the best[weasel words] watercolor artists in Europe
- Jacek Fedorowicz (b. 1937), Polish satirist and actor
- Gunnar Heinsohn (* 1943), German scientist
- Jörg Berger (*1944-2010), German soccer player, trainer
- Klaus Hurrelmann (* 1944), German scientist
- Franciszka Cegielska (1946–2000), Polish politician and Solidarity movement activist[citation needed]
- Marcin Mięciel (* 1975), soccer player
- Michael Klim (* 1977), Polish-born Australian swimmer, world champion
- Adam Darski, Lead Vocals/ Lead Guitar for the Blackened Death Metal band Behemoth
- Stefan Liv, (1980-2011) Swedish ice hockey player
- Monika Pyrek Pole vaulter
- Anna Rogowska Pole vaulter
- Alexandra Nice, born Alexandra Groth (b. 1972) Famous pornographic actress
- Katya Douglas, British Actress (* 1938)
- Anna Przybylska, Polish actress
- Pawel Anaszkiewicz, Polish-Mexican visual artist
International relations[link]
Twin towns — sister cities[link]
Gdynia is twinned with:
Aalborg in Denmark[11]
Kaliningrad, Russia
Plymouth, England, UK
Seattle, USA
Baranovichi, Belarus- Brooklyn, USA
Haikou, China
Karlskrona, Sweden
Syndicat Mixte de la Côte d'Opale, France
Kristiansand, Norway
Kotka, Finland
Liepāja, Latvia
Klaipėda, Lithuania
Kiel, Germany
Cultural references[link]
In 2008, Gdynia made it onto the Monopoly World Edition board after being voted by fans through the internet. Gdynia occupies the space traditionally held by Mediterranean Avenue, being the lowest voted city to make it onto the Monopoly Here and Now board, but also the smallest city to make it in the game. All of the other cities are large and widely known ones, the second smallest being Riga. The unexpected success of Gdynia can be attributed to a mobilization of the town's population to vote for it on the internet.
Monopoly Here and Now: The World Edition (2008)
| Free Parking | Sydney |
Chance
?
|
New York |
London |
Monopoly Cruise |
Beijing |
Hong Kong |
Wind Energy |
Jerusalem |
Go To Jail | |
| Vancouver |
|
Paris |
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| Shanghai |
Belgrade |
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| Community Chest | Community Chest | ||||||||||
| Rome |
Cape Town |
||||||||||
| Monopoly Air |
Monopoly Space |
||||||||||
| Toronto |
Chance
?
|
||||||||||
| Kiev |
Riga |
||||||||||
| Solar Energy |
Super Tax pay |
||||||||||
| Istanbul |
Montreal |
||||||||||
| In Jail/Just Visiting | Athens |
Barcelona |
Chance
?
|
Tokyo |
Monopoly Rail |
Income Tax pay |
Taipei |
Community Chest | Gdynia |
Go Collect  |
|
An abandoned factory district in Gdynia was the scene for the survival series Man vs Wild, season 6, episode 12. The host, Bear Grylls, manages to escape the district after blowing up a door and crawling through miles of sewer.
Ernst Stavro Blofeld, the supervillain in the James Bond novels, was born in Gdynia on May 28, 1908, according to Thunderball.
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ André Vauchez, Richard Barrie Dobson, Adrian Walford, Michael Lapidge,Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages, Routledge 2000, p.: 1163, ISBN 978-1-57958-282-1 link
- ^ James Minahan, One Europe, Many Nations: A Historical Dictionary of European National Groups, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2000, p.375, ISBN 978-0-313-30984-7
- ^ Daniel Stone,A History of East Central Europe, University of Washington Press, 2001, p. 30, ISBN 978-0-295-98093-5 Google Books
- ^ a b World Port Source - Gdynia
- ^ a b c Robert Michael Citino. The path to blitzkrieg: doctrine and training in the German Army, 1920-1939. Lynne Rienner Publishers. 1999. p. 173.
- ^ (ed) Michael Murray, Poland's Progress 1919-1939, John Murray, 1944, London pp 64-6
- ^ "Catastrophic collapses of architectural structures in Poland". SkyscraperCity. http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?p=20126430#post20126430. Retrieved 2009-05-05.
- ^ http://www.airport.gdansk.pl/airport/airport_history
- ^ http://airport.gdynia.pl/en
- ^ http://www.arkarugby.pl/historia-rugby.html
- ^ "Aalborg Kommune - Venskabsbyer". Web.archive.org. 2007-11-14. Archived from the original on 2007-11-14. http://web.archive.org/web/20071114155748/http://www.aalborgkommune.dk/Borgerportal/Serviceomraader/Byen/Venskabsbyer/Towns.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-26.
Further reading[link]
- (ed.) R. Wapiński, Dzieje Gdyni, Gdańsk 1980
- (ed.). S. Gierszewski, Gdynia, Gdańsk 1968
- Gdynia, in: Pomorze Gdańskie, nr 5, Gdańsk 1968
- J. Borowik, Gdynia, port Rzeczypospolitej, Toruń 1934
- B. Kasprowicz, Problemy ekonomiczne budowy i eksploatacji portu w Gdyni w latach 1920-1939, Zapiski Historyczne, nr 1-3/1956
- M. Widernik, Główne problemy gospodarczo-społeczne miasta Gdyni w latach 1926-1939., Gdańsk 1970
- (ed.) A. Bukowski, Gdynia. Sylwetki ludzi, oświata i nauka, literatura i kultura, Gdańsk 1979
- Gminy województwa gdańskiego, Gdańsk 1995
- H. Górnowicz, Z. Brocki, Nazwy miast Pomorza Gdańskiego, Wrocław 1978
- Gerard Labuda (ed.), Historia Pomorza, vol. I-IV, Poznań 1969-2003
- (ed.) W. Odyniec, Dzieje Pomorza Nadwiślańskiego od VII wieku do 1945 roku, Gdańsk 1978
- L. Bądkowski, Pomorska myśl polityczna, Gdańsk 1990
- L. Bądkowski, W. Samp, Poczet książąt Pomorza Gdańskiego, Gdańsk 1974
- B. Śliwiński, Poczet książąt gdańskich, Gdańsk 1997
- Józef Spors, Podziały administracyjne Pomorza Gdańskiego i Sławieńsko-Słupskiego od XII do początków XIV w, Słupsk 1983
- M. Latoszek, Pomorze. Zagadnienia etniczno-regionalne, Gdańsk 1996
- B. Bojarska, Eksterminacja inteligencji polskiej na Pomorzu Gdańskim (wrzesień-grudzień 1939), Poznań 1972
- K. Ciechanowski, Ruch oporu na Pomorzu Gdańskim 1939-1945., Warszawa 1972
External links[link]
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Coordinates: 54°30′N 18°33′E / 54.5°N 18.55°E / 54.5; 18.55
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
