André-Aimé-René Masson (4 January 1896 – 28 October 1987) was a French artist.

Biography[link]

Masson was born in Balagny-sur-Thérain, Oise, but was brought up in Belgium. He began his study of art at the age of eleven in Brussels, at the Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts under the guidance of Constant Montald, and later he studied in Paris. He fought for France during World War I and was seriously injured.

Artistic Works[link]

His early works display an interest in cubism. He later became associated with surrealism, and he was one of the most enthusiastic employers of automatic drawing, making a number of automatic works in pen and ink. Masson would often force himself to work under strict conditions, for example, after long periods of time without food or sleep, or under the influence of drugs. He believed forcing himself into a reduced state of consciousness would help his art be free from rational control, and hence get closer to the workings of his subconscious mind.^{[citation needed]}

From around 1926 he experimented by throwing sand and glue onto canvas and making oil paintings based around the shapes that formed. By the end of the 1920s, however, he was finding automatism rather restricting, and he left the surrealist movement and turned instead to a more structured style, often producing works with a violent or erotic theme, and making a number of paintings in reaction to the Spanish Civil War (he associated once more with the surrealists at the end of the 1930s).

Under the German occupation of France during World War II, his work was condemned by the Nazis as degenerate. With the assistance of Varian Fry in Marseille, Masson escaped the Nazi regime on a ship to the French island of Martinique from where he went on to the United States. Upon arrival in New York City, U.S. customs officials inspecting Masson's luggage found a cache of his erotic drawings. Denouncing them as pornographic, they ripped them up before the artist's eyes.^{[citation needed]} Living in New Preston, Connecticut his work became an important influence on American abstract expressionists, such as Jackson Pollock. Following the war, he returned to France and settled in Aix-en-Provence where he painted a number of landscapes.

Masson drew the cover of the first issue of Georges Bataille's review, Acéphale, in 1936, and participated in all its issues until 1939. His stepbrother, the psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan, was the last private owner of Gustave Courbet's provocative painting L'Origine du monde (The Origin of the World); Lacan asked Masson to paint a surrealist variant.

Family[link]

His son, Diego Masson (born 1935), is a conductor, composer, and percussionist, while another son, Luis, is an actor.^[1] His daughter, Lily Masson (born 1920), is a painter.

Bibliography[link]

• Hélène Parant, Fabrice Flahutez, Camille Morando, La bibliothèque d'André Masson. Une archéologie, Paris, Artvenir, 2011. ISBN 2-9539406-0-2
• André Masson. Catalogue raisonné de l'œuvre peint, 1919-1941, Vaumarcus, éditions ArtAcatos, 2010 ; catalogue établi par Guite Masson, Martin Masson et Catherine Loewer, Préface de Bernard Noël, « André Masson » de Dawn Ades, « Biographie d'André Masson (1896-1941) » de Camille Morando.
• « André Masson », publié à l'initiative de Robert Desnos et d'Armand Salacrou en 1940 (tirage limité sans nom d'éditeur). Chaque exemplaire est paraphé par André Masson. Texte de Jean-Louis Barrault, Georges Bataille, André Breton, Robert Desnos, Paul Éluard, Armel Guerne, Pierre Jean Jouve, Madeleine Landsberg, Michel Leiris, Georges Limbour, Benjamin Péret. Réédition en 1993 aux éditions André Dimanche, à Marseille.
• Dawn Ades,« André Masson », Paris, éd. Albin Michel coll. ‘Les grands maîtres de l’art contemporain’, 1994 (traduit de l’anglais par Jacques Tranier).
• André Breton,« Le Surréalisme et la Peinture », Paris, éd. Gallimard, 1965.
• Jean-Claude Clébert,« Mythologie d'André Masson », Genève, éd. Pierre Cailler, 1971.
• Daniel Guérin « Eux et Lui. suivi de commentaires, ornés de cinq dessins originaux d’André Masson ». Lille, 2000.
• Armel Guerne « André Masson ou les autres valeurs », 2007.
• Hubert Juin, « André Masson », Le musée de poche, Paris, 1963.
• Jean-Clarence Lambert,« André Masson », Paris, éd. Filipacchi, 1979.
• Françoise Levaillant,« Massacre de signes », Tokyo, Misuzu Shobo, 1995.
• Georges Limbour et Michel Leiris « André Masson et son univers », Les Trois collines, Lausanne, 1947.
• Georges Limbour « André Masson, dessins », collection "Plastique", Éd. Braun, Paris, 1951.
• André Masson, « Entretiens avec Georges Charbonnier », préface de Georges Limbour, Julliard, Paris, 1958. Réédition en 1995 aux éditions André Dimanche, Marseille.
• André Masson,« La Mémoire du monde », Genève, Skira, 1974 (entretiens avec Gaétan Picon).
• André Masson,« Le Vagabond du surréalisme », entretiens avec Gilbert Brownstone, Paris, éd. Saint-Germain-des-Près, 1975.
• André Masson, « Le Rebelle du Surréalisme », Paris, éd. Hermann, éd. 1976, (anthologie établie par Françoise Levaillant). Réédition en 1994.
• André Masson,« Les Années surréalistes. Correspondance 1916-1942 », Lyon, La Manufacture, 1990 (édition établie et présentée par Françoise Levaillant, d’après le Doctorat de F. Levaillant, André Masson : Lettres choisies 1922 - 1942, Université de Paris I, Panthéon-Sorbonne, 1986).
• Florence de Mèredieu « André Masson, les dessins automatiques », Blusson, 1988.
• Stephan Moebius « Die Zauberlehrlinge. Soziologiegeschichte des Collège de Sociologie », Konstanz, 2006.
• Bernard Noël,« André Masson, la chair du regard, Paris, Gallimard ‘coll. l'art et l'écrivain’, 1993.
• René Passeron « André Masson et les puissances de signe », Denoël 1975.
• José Pierre,« L’Aventure Surréaliste autour d’André Breton », Paris, éd. Filipacchi, 1986.
• Clark V. Poling,« André Masson and the surrealist self », New Haven & London, Yale university press, 2008.
• Michel Surya « Georges Bataille, la mort à l'œuvre, Gallimard, Paris, 1992.
• Françoise Will-Levaillant « André Masson, période asiatique 1950-1959 », Galerie de Seine, Paris 1972.
• Buchholz, Kai & Wolbert, Klaus (Hg.): André Masson. Bilder aus dem Labyrinth der Seele. Frankfurt a. M. 2003.
• Kaiser-Strohmann, Dagmar. Vom Aufruhr zur Struktur. Schriftwerte im Informel, Exhibition Catalogue, Gustav-Luebcke-Museum Hamm 2008, ISBN 3-9807898-6-1
• Mueller-Yao, Marguerite Hui: Der Einfluss der Kunst der chinesischen Kalligraphie auf die westliche informelle Malerei, Diss. Bonn, Koeln 1985. ISBN 3-88375-051-4
• Mueller-Yao, Marguerite: Informelle Malerei und chinesische Kalligrafie, in: Informel, Begegnung und Wandel, (hrsg von Heinz Althoefer, Schriftenreihe des Museums am Ostwall; Bd. 2), Dortmund 2002, ISBN 3-611-01062-6,
• Rolf Wedewer: Die Malerei des Informel. Weltverlust und Ich-Behauptung, Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich, 2007. ISBN 3-422-06560-1
• An Anthology from X (Oxford University Press 1988). X ran from 1959-62. Edited by David Wright & Patrick Swift. Contributions from painters Masson, Alberto Giacometti, Bacon, Lucian Freud, Frank Auerbach, Oskar Kokoschka, et al., writers W.H. Auden, Samuel Beckett, et al.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Masson at the Tate Gallery.
• Short biography.
• Müller-Yao, Marguerite: Informelle Malerei und chinesische Kalligrafie, Dortmund 2002, ISBN 3-611-01062-6

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Patrick Fiori
Background information
Born	(1969-09-23) 23 September 1969 (age 42)
Origin	Marseille, France
Genres	French pop
Occupations	Singer–songwriter
Years active	1987–present
Labels	Sony BMG, Columbia
Associated acts	Garou, Tina Arena, Daniel Lavoie, Luc Plamondon, Jean-Jacques Goldman, Lara Fabian, Notre-Dame de Paris
Website	www.patrickfiori.net

Patrick Fiori (born Patrick Jean-François Chouchayan on 23 September 1969 in Marseille, France) is a French singer.

Biography[link]

Fiori was born to an Armenian father (Jacques Chouchayan) and a Corsican mother (Marie Antoinette Fiori) in Marseille, France. When he was only 12 years old, he was offered his first role in the musical La légende des santonniers. At the age of 17, he recorded his first single, entitled "Stéphanie". In 1993, Fiori came fourth place in the Eurovision Song Contest with the song "Mama Corsica". The following year, his first album was released, entitled Puisque c'est l'heure. His successful audition for the musical Notre Dame de Paris enabled him to originate the role of Phoebus both onstage and in the recording studio. With Daniel Lavoie and Garou, he recorded the successful song "Belle". The following year, Patrick signed a contract with Sony and recorded his 3rd album Prends Moi (Take me). Patrick finally decided to end his role in Notre Dame de Paris in the year 2000 in order to dedicate more time to his fourth album, Chrysalide. Two years after, his fifth album was released and in 2008 the album Les choses de la vie was released, followed by the most recent album "L'instinct masculin". His 2007 single "4 Mots sur un piano" was number one in the French charts for 2 weeks.

Discography[link]

Studio albums[link]

Compilations[link]

Singles[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website
• Biography of Patrick Fiori, from Radio France Internationale
• CorsicArmenia

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