- published: 14 May 2011
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- author: swisstony123
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- A41 road
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A41 road
The A41 is a major trunk road in England that links London and Birkenhead, although it has now in parts been superseded by motorways. It passes through or near various towns and cities including Watford, Kings Langley, Hemel Hempstead, Aylesbury, Solihull, Birmingham, West Bromwich, Wolverhampton, Newport, Whitchurch, Chester and Ellesmere Port.
It follows part of the line of the old Roman road, Akeman Street and the eighteenth century Sparrows Herne turnpike.
With the opening of the M40 extension in 1990 linking with the M42 near Birmingham, much of the route was downgraded in importance - with the sections between Bicester and the M42 near Solihull being renumbered as the A4141, A4177 and B4100.
The route begins near Marble Arch in London, at the junction with Oxford Street (A40). Here, north-bound traffic uses Gloucester Place, the south-bound uses Baker Street. It becomes a dual-carriageway on Finchley Road, through Swiss Cottage, and along Hendon Way, and intersects with the North Circular Road near Brent Cross shopping centre. The road passes through Hendon and after the junction with the A5150, (close to the Metropolitan Police's police college and the RAF Museum), it runs directly next to the M1. The A41 overlaps the A1 at Five Ways Corner with the section known as Watford Way. It passes through Mill Hill, separating with the A1 at Apex Corner roundabout After crossing the M1, near Elstree, it links the M1 at Junction 4, and then meets the A5 at a roundabout (where the A5 becomes the A5183). The A41 continues next to the M1 into Hertfordshire. This section is known as Elton Way, as far as the roundabout with the B462. The next section is dual-carriageway.
wn.com/A41_road -
A413 road
The A413 is a major road in England that links Gerrards Cross to Towcester. It passes through various towns and villages including Buckingham, Aylesbury, Wendover, Winslow, Great Missenden and Amersham.
It has been diverted a number of times over the last 50 years. In the 1960s, a by-pass was built around Great Missenden and re-routing has taken place through Aylesbury town centre. In the last 20 years[citation needed], by-passes have been built for Amersham and Wendover. In the early 21st century, the junction near Towcester where the A413 joins the A43 has also been redeveloped along with much-needed A43 redevelopment around Silverstone Circuit.
That part of the route which runs along the Misbourne Valley dates back into pre-history. In Medieval times, the Cartulary of Missenden Abbey simply recorded the road as "the Kings Highway". Also just north of Aylesbury the road crosses Holman's Bridge, the location in 1642 of the Battle of Aylesbury.
Aylesbury rockstar John Otway wrote a B-Side about the road on his Number 9 hit single "Bunsen Burner." The song was called "A413 Revisited" and is about John returning home no longer as a one hit wonder but as a two hit artist. The chorus is:
wn.com/A413_road -
A418 road
The A418 road is a main trunk road in Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire, England. It begins at a roundabout with the A4146 just north of Ascott, near Leighton Buzzard. It then runs south as a single carriageway through Wing to Aylesbury. This stretch is proposed for a dual carriageway bypass. After diving through Aylesbury the road runs past Aylesbury College before heading out into Stone. From here it runs past Haddenham to the M40 near Thame. The road has been rerouted in two locations so that it no longer runs through Hulcott and Haddenham.
From the A505 in Buckinghamshire:
In Oxfordshire:
Coordinates: 51°48′11″N 0°50′38″W / 51.80317°N 0.84397°W / 51.80317; -0.84397
wn.com/A418_road -
Addingrove
Coordinates: 51°48′00″N 1°02′10″W / 51.800°N 1.036°W / 51.800; -1.036
Addingrove is a former hamlet in Buckinghamshire, about 4 miles (6.4 km) northwest of the market town of Thame in neighbouring Oxfordshire. The settlement is on the B4011 road between Oakley and Long Crendon.
The largely depopulated former settlement now consists of only Addingrove Farm and a cottage.
The toponym Addingrove is derived from the Old English for "Æddi's wood", after Æddi, the biographer of Saint Wilfrid.[citation needed] From the 11th to the 15th centuries it evolved through the forms Eddingrave, Adegrave and Adingrave before reaching its present form.
The Domesday Book of 1086 records that Ulward, a man of Queen Edith, the manor of Eddingrave in the reign of Edward the Confessor, but that after the Norman conquest of England it was granted to Walter Giffard and assessed at three and a half hides. Addingrove remained part of the Honour until 1256, when Giffard's descendant Joan Marshal beceme married to William de Valence, 1st Earl of Pembroke. After the death of Aymer de Valence, 2nd Earl of Pembroke in 1324, Addingrove passed to William's granddaughter Elizabeth de Comyn. It then passed by Elizabeth's second marriage to Richard Talbot, 2nd Baron Talbot. Talbot also held the manor of Pollicott in Ashendon. When Gilbert Talbot, 5th Baron Talbot died in 1419 he left the manors of Pollicott and Addingrove to his widow Beatrice, who was baroness in her own right until her death in 1421. The two manors were again recorded together in 1432 and 1446, but no subsequent records are known.
wn.com/Addingrove -
Adstock
Coordinates: 51°57′54″N 0°55′34″W / 51.965°N 0.926°W / 51.965; -0.926
Adstock is a village and civil parish about 2.5 miles (4.0 km) northwest of Winslow and 3 miles (4.8 km) southeast of Buckingham in the Aylesbury Vale district of Buckinghamshire. The 2001 Census recorded a parish population of 415.
In the divisions of England that took place between AD 613 and 1017, Buckinghamshire was divided into eight hundreds. The manor of Adstock originally formed part of the Votesdune Hundred, then merged into the Ashendon Hundred and was finally absorbed into the Buckingham Hundred. At that time it was surrounded by the Bernwood, one of the most important Royal Forests. At the end of the 10th century, Adstock formed a portion of the Lands of Godwine, Earl of Kent and his second wife Gytha Thorkelsdóttir.
After the Norman conquest of England, its name was recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Edestoche which is Old English and means Eadda's Farm. Nearby Addington was named after the same person.
wn.com/Adstock -
Akeman Street
Akeman Street was a major Roman road in England that linked Watling Street with the Fosse Way. Its junction with Watling Steet was just north of Verulamium (near modern St Albans) and that with the Fosse Way was at Corinium Dobunnorum (now Cirencester). Its course passes through towns and villages including Hemel Hempstead, Berkhamsted, Tring, Aylesbury, Alchester (outside modern Bicester), Chesterton, Kirtlington, Ramsden and Asthall.
Parts of the A41 road between Tring and Bicester use the course of the former Roman road. A minor road between Chesterton and Kirtlington also uses its course. Other parts are in use as public footpaths, including a 6-mile (9.7 km) stretch between Tackley and Stonesfield that is part of the Oxfordshire Way.
The origins of the road's name are uncertain but certainly date back to the Early Middle Ages. Some have suggested that "Akeman" derives from the Anglo-Saxon words for "oak-man". Others have suggested a connection with Bath, which the Anglo-Saxons called Acemannesceastre (Acemannes apparently being derived from the Roman name Aquae Sulis). It is unclear how this might have become associated with the road, but one possibility is that the name was originally used for the longer stretch of road from Bath.
wn.com/Akeman_Street -
Aldershot
Coordinates: 51°14′49″N 0°45′35″W / 51.2470°N 0.7598°W / 51.2470; -0.7598
Aldershot is a town in the English county of Hampshire, located on heathland about 60 km (37 mi) southwest of London. The town is administered by Rushmoor Borough Council. The town has a population of 33,840, while the Aldershot Urban Area, a loose conurbation (which also includes other towns, such as Camberley, Farnborough, and Farnham) has a population of 243,344, making it the thirtieth-largest urban area in the UK
Aldershot is known for its connection with the British Army. This led to rapid growth from a small village to a Victorian town. Today, Aldershot is known as the "Home of the British Army". Aldershot is twinned with Sulechów in Poland, Meudon in France and Oberursel in Germany.
The name may have derived from the name of "Alder" trees found in the area (Alder-holt meaning copse of Alder trees), indicating that it was a wet, boggy place. Aldershot, Alreshete, dates back to an Anglo-Saxon settlement. Aldershot was included as part of the old Hundred of Crondall referred to in the Domesday Book of 1086. The map of Hampshire in the 1722 edition of William Camden's Britannia or Geographical Description of Britain and Ireland shows a symbol for habitation in Aldershot in the Crundhal (Crondall) hundred.[citation needed]
wn.com/Aldershot -
Aldershot Urban Area
The Aldershot Urban Area is the name used by the ONS to refer to the loose conurbation on the border between Surrey, Berkshire and Hampshire in England. They give it a population of 243,344, making it the thirtieth-largest urban area in the UK . It consists of the following towns:
Several other continuous villages form part of the conurbation, including Ash, Ash Vale, Hale, Hawley, Mytchett, Badshot Lea, Tongham and Frimley Green.
Much of the conurbation is part of the Aldershot Parliamentary Constituency. This includes most of the area west of the River Blackwater minus Farnham, Yateley and Sandhurst.
The urban area also forms a major part of the London commuter belt and is also known as the Blackwater Valley Conurbation, named after the primary local river.
Coordinates: 51°14′N 0°45′W / 51.24°N 0.75°W / 51.24; -0.75
wn.com/Aldershot_Urban_Area -
Amersham
Coordinates: 51°40′37″N 0°36′12″W / 51.6769°N 0.6034°W / 51.6769; -0.6034
Amersham is a market town and civil parish within Chiltern district in Buckinghamshire, England, 27 miles (43 km) north west of London, in the Chiltern Hills. It is part of the London commuter belt.
Amersham is split into two distinct areas: Old Amersham, set in the valley of the River Misbourne, which contains the 13th century parish church of St. Mary's and several old pubs and coaching inns; and Amersham-on-the-Hill, which grew rapidly around the railway station in the early part of the 20th century.
Records date back to pre-Anglo-Saxon times, when it was known as Egmondesham, and by the time that the Domesday Book was written around 1086 it had become known as Elmodesham. The Domesday entry is as follows:
Queen Edith was the wife of Edward the Confessor and sister of king Harold, and after her death in 1075 the land passed to William the Conqueror who granted it to Geoffrey de Mandeville.
In 1200 Geoffrey, Earl of Essex obtained a charter for Amersham allowing him to hold a Friday market and a fair on 7 and 8 September. In 1613 a new charter was granted to Edward, Earl of Bedford, changing the market day to Tuesday and establishing a statute fair on 19 September.
wn.com/Amersham -
Ashendon
Coordinates: 51°49′N 0°59′W / 51.82°N 0.98°W / 51.82; -00.98
Ashendon is a village and civil parish in Buckinghamshire, England. It is about nine miles west of Aylesbury and seven miles north of Thame.
The toponym is derived from the Old English for "Hill overgrown with ash trees". The Domesday Book of 1086 records the village as the property of the Grenville family; it was called Assedune. The original name refers to the fact that in Saxon times this area was completely forested, and served as hunting land for the king.
In recent times the manor of Ashendon passed into the hands of the Marquis of Buckingham.
Included in with the parish of Ashendon are the hamlets of Upper Pollicott and Lower Pollicott. The names of these hamlets derive from the Anglo Saxon Pol's Cottage.
In the less distant past, Ashendon was an entirely farming village and, at present, there is still much agricultural activity within the village. However, some of the farmhouses have been converted into private residences, the best example of this being Ashendon Farm and its barns. Although Ashendon is a small village, in comparison with many nearby Buckinghamshire villages, it has a pub, a recreational playing field, a church and a thriving social club.
wn.com/Ashendon -
Ashford, Surrey
Coordinates: 51°25′57″N 0°28′10″W / 51.43250°N 0.46936°W / 51.43250; -0.46936
Ashford is a town almost entirely in the Surrey borough of Spelthorne in England, with a small part falling within Greater London. It is a suburban development situated 15 miles (24 km) west south-west of Charing Cross in London and forms part of the London commuter belt. It is often referred to as Ashford, Middlesex to distinguish it from the larger town of Ashford, Kent, because it fell within the historic county of Middlesex. Since 1965, when Middlesex County Council was dissolved, it has been part of Surrey and the small London section part of the London Borough of Hounslow.
Ashford appears on the Middlesex Domesday map as Exeforde. It was held by Robert, Count of Mortain. Its Domesday Assets were: 1 plough, meadow for 1 plough; a separate manor in 1066, it was part of the manor of Kempton in 1086. It rendered (in total): 14s 0d.
The settlement was most likely founded in Saxon times[citation needed]Bronze Age artifacts have been found in Ashford (at 51.432708N, 0.485174W), and a henge may have been present in Bronze Age times.
wn.com/Ashford,_Surrey -
Aston Abbotts
Coordinates: 51°52′23″N 0°46′13″W / 51.872951°N 0.770171°W / 51.872951; -0.770171
Aston Abbotts (or Aston Abbots) is a village and civil parish within Aylesbury Vale district in Buckinghamshire, England. It is situated about four miles north of Aylesbury and three miles south west of Wing. The parish had a population of 404 according to the 2001 census.
The village name 'Aston' is a common one in England, and is Anglo-Saxon for Eastern Estate. The suffix 'Abbotts' refers to the ancient abbey in the village, which until the Dissolution of the Monasteries was the country home of the abbots of St Albans in Hertfordshire. The present house known as The Abbey, Aston Abbotts was largely rebuilt in the early 19th century.
The hamlet of Burston sits within this parish.
During the Second World War from 1940 to 1945 Dr Edvard Beneš, the exiled President of Czechoslovakia, stayed at The Abbey in Aston Abbotts. His advisers and secretaries (called his Chancellery) stayed in nearby Wingrave, and his military intelligence staff stayed at nearby Addington. President Beneš donated a bus shelter to the villages of Aston Abbotts and Wingrave in 1944. This is on the A418 between the two villages.
wn.com/Aston_Abbotts -
Aston Clinton
Coordinates: 51°47′56″N 0°43′16″W / 51.799°N 0.721°W / 51.799; -0.721
Aston Clinton is a village and civil parish close to the main A41 road in Buckinghamshire, England between Tring and Aylesbury. The parish covers 3,809 acres (1,541 ha) and is about 4 miles (6.4 km) east of Aylesbury. The village is at the foot of the chalk escarpment of the Chiltern Hills at the junction of the pre-historic track the Icknield Way with Akeman Street Roman road. It is bisected both at the northern end of the parish by the Aylesbury Arm and in the centre of the parish by the Wendover Arm of the Grand Union Canal.
It is believed that the village started at the crossing of two Roman roads, Akeman Street and Icknield Way, both of which are still main roads in the village. After the fall of the Roman Empire, it became a Saxon settlement and remains of a Saxon cemetery were found during the construction of the Aston Clinton Bypass.
Before the Norman conquest of England in 1066 the settlement was held by Wlwen probably under patronage of King Edward the Confessor. The village is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 where in Old English it was called Estone, which means "eastern estate".
wn.com/Aston_Clinton -
Aston Mullins
Coordinates: 51°46′08″N 0°53′11″W / 51.768908°N 0.886257°W / 51.768908; -0.886257
Aston Mullins is a hamlet in the parish of Dinton, in Buckinghamshire, England.
wn.com/Aston_Mullins -
Aston Sandford
Coordinates: 51°45′50″N 0°54′18″W / 51.764°N 0.905°W / 51.764; -0.905
Aston Sandford is a small village and civil parish in the Aylesbury Vale district of Buckinghamshire, England, about 1 mile (1.6 km) east of Haddenham and 4 miles (6.4 km) northwest of Princes Risborough.
The "Aston" part of the toponym is derived from the Old English for "Eastern Estate". At the time of the Domesday Book in 1086 the village was known as Cold Aston, and both it and Haddenham were owned by the same manor, suggesting that Aston got its name from being the farming estate to the east of Haddenham. The owner of both places in 1086 was listed as Manno the Breton.
By 1199 the estate had been annexed by the Norman rulers and was placed into the extensive estates belonging to the heirs of Odo, Bishop of Bayeux: the Sandfords. It was from this time that the village became known as Aston Sandford.
The Church of England parish church of Saint Michael and All Angels is one of the smallest in England. The nave is probably 12th century and the chancel is probably 13th century. The chancel arch is also 13th century. The northeast window and blocked north doorway are probably 14th century and a buttress on the west wall is probably 15th century. However, the building was so extensively restored and reworked in 1878 that it is difficult to date any of its features with certainty.
wn.com/Aston_Sandford -
Aylesbury
Coordinates: 51°49′00″N 0°48′45″W / 51.8168°N 0.8124°W / 51.8168; -0.8124
Aylesbury (
/ˈeɪlzbri/) is the county town of Buckinghamshire in South East England. However the town also falls into a notional geographical region known as the South Midlands an area that ecompasses the north of the South East, and the southern extremities of the East Midlands, and the western portion of the East of England. In the 2001 census the Aylesbury Urban Area, which includes Bierton, Fairford Leys, Stoke Mandeville and Watermead, had a population of 69,021, which included 56,392 for the Aylesbury civil parish.
The town name is of Old English origin. Its first recorded name Æglesburgh is thought to mean "Fort of Aegel", though who Aegel was is not recorded. Since earliest records there have been 57 variations of the name. Excavations in the town centre in 1985 found an Iron Age hillfort dating from the early 4th century BC. The town is sited on an outcrop of Portlandian limestone which accounts for its prominent position in the surrounding landscape, which is largely clay. Aylesbury was a major market town in Anglo-Saxon times, famous in addition as the burial place of Saint Osyth, whose shrine attracted pilgrims. The Early English parish church of St. Mary (which has many later additions) has a crypt beneath. Once thought to be Anglo-Saxon, it is now recognised as being of the same period as the medieval chapel above. At the Norman Conquest, the king took the manor of Aylesbury for himself, and it is listed as a royal manor in the Domesday Book, 1086.
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Aylesbury Gaol
HM Prison Aylesbury (full title Her Majesty's Young Offender Institution (HMYOI) Aylesbury) is a Young Offender Institution situated in Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, England. The prison is located on the north side of the town centre, on Bierton Road. The prison is operated by Her Majesty's Prison Service.
There has been a prison or gaol of some description in Aylesbury since 1180. The current prison is of early Victorian design and has been on its present site since 1845 following extensive public building in the area that also included the workhouse (now the Tindal Centre). Since construction, it has gone through a variety of changes, starting as a county gaol, then became an adult women's prison in 1890, changing to a girls' borstal in the 1930s, and between 1959-1961 was an adult male prison, after which it became a male YOI and since 1989 has held only long term prisoners.
In 1998 Aylesbury Prison was criticised after an inspection report highlighted its poor health regime (the jail saw the rapid turnover of five senior medical officers in two years). The report opened up a wider debate about the pay of medical staff in UK prisons compared to those in the NHS.
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Aylesbury Urban Area
The Aylesbury Urban Area is defined by the Office for National Statistics as a conurbation in central Buckinghamshire, England. It had a population of 69,021 (2001 census). The largest population centre is Aylesbury itself at 56,392.
Aylesbury was, for hundreds of years, a typically small market town like others in the area such as Wendover. It population in 1801 was 3082 with steady growth up to 9099 in 1901, a three-fold increase in 100 years. At the same time, villages and hamlets such Walton and New Zealand grew slowly with separate identities to the growing town.
During the first half of the twentieth century, the population grew slightly more, reaching 21,200 in 1950. However, the rocketing population of the capital, London was creating a strain on the recently introduced Metropolitan Green Belt and Aylesbury was one of the towns chosen for major population growth to house the London overspill.
The population of the town began to increase at a faster rate, as new housing estates were built. At the same time, the centre of Aylesbury was redeveloped, with new shopping areas. The area near the Aylesbury branch of the Grand Union Canal, built in 1814, was developed into a pedestrian square. The population reached 40,000 in 1970 and 51,000 by 1990, with new housing areas being built every few years. By 2001, the urban area housed 69,021 people.
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Aylesbury Vale
The Aylesbury Vale (or Vale of Aylesbury) is a large area of flat land mostly in Buckinghamshire, England. Its boundary is marked by Milton Keynes to the north, Leighton Buzzard and the Chiltern Hills to the east and south, Thame to the south and Bicester and Brackley to the west.
The vale is named after Aylesbury, the county town of Buckinghamshire. Two other towns lie within the vale and they are Winslow and Buckingham.
The bed of the vale is largely made up of clay that was formed at the end of the ice age. Also at this time the vast underground reserves of water that make the water table higher than average in the Vale of Aylesbury were created.
In the 2001 UK census the population of Aylesbury Vale was 165,748, representing an increase since 1991 of 18,600 people. About half of those live in the county town Aylesbury.
Today the area is a local government district of northern Buckinghamshire, administered by Aylesbury Vale District Council. This district was formed on 1 April 1974 by the merger of the boroughs of Aylesbury and Buckingham, Aylesbury Rural District, Buckingham Rural District, Wing Rural District and part of Winslow Rural District. The district offices are based in Aylesbury. The district council's logo includes the historical figure of John Hampden
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Barley End
Coordinates: 51°49′N 0°36′W / 51.81°N 0.6°W / 51.81; -00.60
Barley End is a hamlet within the parish of Pitstone in Buckinghamshire, England.
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Barton Hartshorn
Coordinates: 51°58′23″N 1°04′08″W / 51.973°N 1.069°W / 51.973; -1.069
Barton Hartshorn is a civil parish about 4 miles (6.4 km) southwest of Buckingham in the Aylesbury Vale district of Buckinghamshire. Its southern boundary is a brook called the Birne, and this and the parish's western boundary form part of the county boundary with Oxfordshire.
The toponym "Barton" is derived from the Old English for "Barley Farm", and is a common place name in England. In the 11th century it was recorded as Bertone. In the 15th century it was recorded as Barton Hertishorne and Beggars Barton, and in the 16th century it was Little Barton. "Hartshorn" comes from a separate hamlet in the same parish and is thought[by whom?] to refer to the shape of the land locally: it[clarification needed] lies in the shape of a deer's horn.[citation needed]
Before the Norman Conquest of England Wilaf, a Thegn of Earl Leofwine Godwinson, held the manor. The Domesday Book of 1086 records that it was one of the extensive landholdings of Odo, Bishop of Bayeux. However, by then Odo had already been imprisoned for disobeying William I and forfeited his estates to the Crown.
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Basildon
Coordinates: 51°34′34″N 0°29′19″E / 51.5761°N 0.4886°E / 51.5761; 0.4886
Basildon ( /ˈbæzɪldən/)[citation needed] is a town located in the Basildon District of the county of Essex, England.
It lies 25 miles (40 km) east of Central London and 11 miles (18 km) south of the county town of Chelmsford. Nearby towns include Billericay to the north, Wickford northeast and South Benfleet to the east.
It was designated as a new town after World War II in 1948 to accommodate the London population overspill, created from the conglomeration of four small villages, namely Pitsea, Laindon, Basildon and Vange (the new town took the name Basildon as it was the most central of the four villages).
The local government district of Basildon, formed in 1974 was first led by Ryan O'Rourke and encapsulates a larger area than the town itself; the two neighbouring towns of Billericay and Wickford, as well as rural villages and smaller settlements set among the surrounding countryside, fall within its borders.
Basildon Town is one of the most densely populated areas in the County of Essex, mostly due to its influx of families from the Boroughs of London. However, it is thought that Basildon's population will continue to increase as many people are re-locating to the Town from the Boroughs of London, Essex and the Country. This is mostly due to Basildon's booming economy in industrial areas, the Towns tertiary sector, and its close travel link to Central London.
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Basingstoke
Coordinates: 51°16′00″N 1°05′15″W / 51.2667°N 1.0876°W / 51.2667; -1.0876
Basingstoke is a town in northeast Hampshire, in south central England. It lies across a valley at the source of the River Loddon. It is 48 miles (77 km) southwest of London, 30 miles (48 km) northeast of Southampton, 16 miles (26 km) southwest of Reading and 19 miles (31 km) northeast of the county town, Winchester. In 2008 it had an estimated population of 82,913. It is part of the borough of Basingstoke and Deane and part of the parliamentary constituency of Basingstoke. Basingstoke is often nicknamed "Doughnut City" or "Roundabout City" because of the number of roundabouts.
Often mistaken for a new town, Basingstoke is an old market town expanded in the 1960s as part of a tripartite agreement between London County Council, Hampshire County Council and Basingstoke Borough Council. It was developed rapidly, along with Andover and Tadley, to accommodate part of the London 'overspill' as perceived under the Greater London Plan, 1944. Basingstoke market was mentioned in the Domesday Book and Basingstoke remained a small market town until the 1950s. It still has a regular market, but is now bigger than Hampshire County Council's definition of a market town.
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Battle of Aylesbury
On the 1 November 1642, Royalist forces, under the command of Prince Rupert engaged Aylesbury's Parliamentarian garrison, at Holman's Bridge a few miles to the north of Aylesbury town. The Parliamentarian forces were victorious, despite being heavily outnumbered.
In 1818 remains were discovered near to Holman's Bridge, outside Aylesbury, which were believed to belong to the fatalities from the battle. They were buried in a common grave in St Mary's churchyard in Hardwick.
The following account is taken from Lord Nugent's 'Life of Hampden'.
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Beachampton
Coordinates: 52°01′30″N 0°52′30″W / 52.025°N 0.875°W / 52.025; -0.875
Beachampton is a village and civil parish beside the River Great Ouse in the Aylesbury Vale district of Buckinghamshire, England. The village is about 5 miles (8.0 km) east of Buckingham and a similar distance west of Milton Keynes.
The village toponym is derived from the Old English for "home farm by a stream". In the Domesday Book of 1086 it was recorded as Bechentone.
There is no documentary evidence for the tradition that Hall Farm in Beachampton was the home of Catherine Parr when she was married to King Henry VIII.
Parts of the village stand on high ground, but most of the village is prone to regular flooding by the stream that runs through the village, a tributary of the River Ouse.
The family name "Beachampton" originates in this village, and was first recorded in manorial records in 1175 when Osmer de Beachampton was a tenant here.
The oldest prts of the Church of England parish church of the Assumption of St Mary the Virgin date from 14th century. The Gothic Revival architect G.E. Street rebuilt upper part of the bell-tower in 1873-74.
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Beaconsfield
Coordinates: 51°36′03″N 0°38′05″W / 51.600873°N 0.634682°W / 51.600873; -0.634682
Beaconsfield
i/ˈbɛkənzfiːld/ is a market town and civil parish operating as a town council within the South Bucks district in Buckinghamshire, England. It lies 23.6 miles (38 km) northwest of Charing Cross in Central London, and 17 miles (27 km) south-east of the county town of Aylesbury. Other nearby towns include Amersham to the north northeast and High Wycombe to the west.
The town sits in the Chiltern Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and is part of the London commuter belt, thus the average cost of housing in the town is very high. It is in the South Bucks local government district, which was known as the Beaconsfield district from 1974 to 1980.
The parish comprises Beaconsfield town and land mainly given over arable land though some beech forest remains from that planted to supply the furniture industry of High Wycombe.
The first written reference to Beaconsfield dates from 1185 where it is spelt Bekenesfeld. Although this is mistakenly thought to mean "field by the beacon," actually it is derived from "clearing in the beeches" (beech trees).
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Bedfordshire
Bedfordshire ( /ˈbɛdfərdʃər/ or /ˈbɛdfərdʃɪər/; abbreviated Beds.) is a ceremonial county of historic origin in England that forms part of the East of England region.
It borders Cambridgeshire to the north-east, Northamptonshire to the north, Buckinghamshire to the west and Hertfordshire to the south-east.
The highest elevation point is 243 metres (797 ft) on Dunstable Downs in the Chilterns.
As part of a 2002 marketing campaign, the plant conservation charity Plantlife chose the Bee Orchid as the county flower.
The traditional nickname for people from Bedfordshire is "Bedfordshire Bulldogs" or "Clangers", this last deriving from a local dish comprising a suet crust dumpling filled with meat or jam or both.
It is the 14th most densely populated county of England and the fifth most densly populated non-metropolitan county with over half the population of the county living in the two largest built up areas of Bedford (102,000) and Luton (236,000).
The first recorded use of the name was in 1011 as "Bedanfordscir," meaning the shire or county of Bedford, which itself means "Beda's ford" (river crossing).
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Bedgrove
Coordinates: 51°48′23″N 0°47′01″W / 51.806283°N 0.783516°W / 51.806283; -0.783516
Bedgrove is one of the housing estates of the modern town of Aylesbury in Buckinghamshire, though it takes its name from a farm and hamlet that stood in the area until the area was cleared for building in the late 1950s. At the time it was built it was the largest housing estate of its kind in the country. The housing estate is on the south side of the town. The approximate area of the farm (and associated cottages) was where the petrol station now stands on Camborne Avenue.
In the 2001 census the population of Bedgrove was 9,171 people.
Also the ancient village of Caldicot (mentioned in the Domesday Book) was thought to be situated approximately where Caldicot Close is today, hence the name of the new road.
Bedgrove is served by Bedgrove Infant School, for children aged from three to seven, and Bedgrove Junior School, for children aged from seven to eleven. Both are foundation schools, which each take approximately 430 pupils.
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Berkhamsted
Coordinates: 51°46′N 0°34′W / 51.76°N 0.56°W / 51.76; -0.56
Berkhamsted ( /ˈbɜrkəmstɛd/) is a historic town in England which is situated in the west of Hertfordshire, between the towns of Tring and Hemel Hempstead. It is also a civil parish with a designated Town Council within the administrative district (and borough since 1984) of Dacorum.
The town's most prominent role in national affairs took place in early December 1066. Duke William of Normandy, having defeated the English army at Hastings, then crossing the River Thames at Wallingford. In Berkhamsted he was met by a delegation of the English establishment. He accepted the surrender of the English led by Aetheling Edgar (the heir to the King Harold II's English claim to the Throne of England), Archbishop Aldred, Earl Edwin, Earl Morcar and the chief men of London who swore loyalty to William in return for good government. He was offered the crown there but instead said he would accept the keys to London in Berkhamsted but would accept the crown of England in London. Thus, in Berkhamsted, William of Normandy, William the Bastard, became William the Conqueror. On Christmas Day 1066 William was crowned William I of England in Westminster Abbey. A traditonal local legend refers to Berkhamsted as the real capital of England (if only for a few minutes).
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Berkshire
Berkshire ( /ˈbɑrkʃər/ or /ˈbɑrkʃɪər/, abbreviated Berks) is both a ceremonial county and a historic county of England. The administrative county of Berkshire including the Berkshire County Council were abolished in 1998. The county is often referred to as the Royal County of Berkshire because of the presence of the royal residence of Windsor Castle in the county; this usage, which dates to the 19th century at least, was recognised by the Queen in 1957, and letters patent issued confirming this in 1974.
The ceremonial county has the same boundaries as the former administrative county, but historically the county was not co-terminous with this. The county borders the counties of Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Surrey, Wiltshire and Hampshire. Historically the county included several towns to the northwest of the county (including Abingdon, Didcot and Wantage) that were moved into Oxfordshire in 1974 boundary changes. At the same time the town of Slough was moved into Berkshire from Buckinghamshire.
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Bicester
Coordinates: 51°54′N 1°09′W / 51.90°N 1.15°W / 51.90; -1.15
Bicester (i/ˈbɪstər/ BIS-tər) is a town and civil parish in the Cherwell district of northeastern Oxfordshire in England.
This historic market centre is one of the fastest growing towns in Oxfordshire Development has been favoured by its proximity to junction 9 of the M40 motorway linking it to London, Birmingham and Banbury. It has good road links to Oxford, Kidlington, Brackley, Buckingham, Aylesbury and Witney, as well as rail service.
Bicester has a history going back to Saxon times. The name Bicester, which has been in use since the mid 17th century, derives from earlier forms including Berncestre, Burencestre, Burcester, Biciter and Bissiter (the John Speed map of 1610 shows four alternative spellings and Miss G. H. Dannatt[who?] found 45 variants in wills of the 17th and 18th centuries). Theories advanced for the meaning of the name include "of Beorna" (a personal name), "The Fort of the Warriors" or literally from Latin Bi-cester to mean "The 2 forts". The ruins of the Roman settlement of Alchester are 2 miles (3.2 km) southwest of the town and remains of an Augustinian priory founded in 1180 survive in the town centre.
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Biddlesden
Coordinates: 52°03′22″N 1°04′37″W / 52.056°N 1.077°W / 52.056; -1.077
Biddlesden is a village and civil parish in Aylesbury Vale district in north-west Buckinghamshire, England on the boundary with Northamptonshire. It is about 5 miles (8.0 km) east-north-east of Brackley, Northamptonshire and 5 miles (8.0 km) north-west of Buckingham. The River Great Ouse forms part of the western boundary of the parish, separating the village from Northamptonshire. The ancient royal forest of Whittlewood extended to the northern edge of the village.
The village toponym is derived from the Old English for either house in a valley or Byttel's valley. In the Domesday Book of 1086 the village is recorded as Betesdene.
In 1147 Ernald de Bosco founded the Cistercian Biddlesden Abbey. In 1315, the village was granted a temporary charter[citation needed] to hold a weekly market. When the abbey was seized on behalf of Henry VIII during the Dissolution of the Monasteries it was assessed to be earning in excess of £175 annually in rents and tithes.
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Bierton
Coordinates: 51°49′48″N 0°47′17″W / 51.830°N 0.788°W / 51.830; -0.788
Bierton is a village in Buckinghamshire, England, about half a mile northeast of the town of Aylesbury. It is a mainly farming parish, 10 km² in size.
The village name was first recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Bortone and means "farmstead near a stronghold" in modern English. The hamlets of Broughton, Broughton Crossing and Burcott lie within Bierton with Broughton civil parish within Aylesbury Vale district which in 2001 had a population of 2,119.
The Church of England parish church of Saint James the Great is largely 14th century.
The development of Bierton as a village was hampered by its being a linear settlement along the last road leading from Aylesbury to have its toll gate removed. The extra costs involved in travelling northwards using this route deterred many merchants, who favoured the less costly route via Winslow and Buckingham. The village remained an important point on this alternative northward route however, due to the presence of a wagon pond. This was used to swell the wooden axles of carts, and was a popular watering spot for carthorses.
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Billericay
Coordinates: 51°37′41″N 0°25′06″E / 51.628°N 0.4184°E / 51.628; 0.4184
Billericay (i/bɪləˈrɪkiː/ BIL-ə-RIK-ee) is a town and civil parish in the Basildon borough of Essex, England. It lies within the London Basin, has a population of around 40,000, and constitutes a commuter town 28 miles (45 km) east of central London. The town has three secondary schools and a variety of open spaces. It is thought to have been occupied since the Bronze Ages.
Some of the earliest records of human occupation of Billericay are the burial mounds in Norsey Wood: evidence of occupation in the Bronze and Iron Ages. Evidence of Roman occupation has been found at a number of locations in the town and there may have been a small cavalry fort at Blunts Wall.
The Saxons did not settle in the centre of Billericay. They established themselves two miles south, at Great Burstead. In the late 10th century it was known as 'Burhstede'. Billericay was not mentioned in the Domesday Book, as it lay within Great Burstead. At this time the parish church for Billericay was at Great Burstead. In 1291 the name 'Byllyrica' is first recorded. This is believed to be from a medieval Latin word, bellerīca, meaning 'dyehouse or tanhouse'.
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Birkenhead
Coordinates: 53°23′35″N 3°00′50″W / 53.393°N 3.014°W / 53.393; -3.014
Birkenhead is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral in Merseyside, England. It is on the Wirral Peninsula, along the west bank of the River Mersey, opposite the city of Liverpool. At the 2001 Census, the town had a population of 83,729.Historically part of Cheshire, Birkenhead is perhaps best known as a centre for ship building, as a seaport and its related industries.
The name Birkenhead is possibly from the Old English bircen meaning birch tree, of which many once grew on the headland which jutted into the river at Woodside, however some believe the name to have grown from the River Birket which empties into the docklands.
The earliest records state that the Mersey ferry began operating from Birkenhead in 1150 when Benedictine monks under the leadership of Hamon de Mascy built a priory there. Distanced from the Industrial Revolution in Liverpool by the physical barrier of the River Mersey, Birkenhead retained its agricultural status until the advent of the steam ferry service in 1820.
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Bishop's Stortford
Coordinates: 51°52′19″N 0°10′21″E / 51.8720°N 0.1725°E / 51.8720; 0.1725
Bishop's Stortford is a historic market town and civil parish in the district of East Hertfordshire in the county of Hertfordshire in England. It is situated just west of the M11 motorway, on the county boundary with Essex and is the closest large town to London Stansted Airport and part of the London commuter belt. Bishop's Stortford is 29 miles (47 km) north east of Charing Cross in the centre of London and 35 miles (56 km) from Liverpool Street station where the railway line from Cambridge to London, which runs through the town, terminates. In the 2006 edition of the Channel 4 "Best and Worst Places to Live in the UK", East Hertfordshire was the seventh best district to live in. The town has a population of 34,826.
Nothing of historical significance is known of the Bishop's Stortford area until it became a small Roman settlement on the Roman road of Stane Street between Braughing and Colchester. After the Roman Empire broke down, the small town was abandoned in the 5th century.[citation needed]
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Bletchley
Coordinates: 51°59′38″N 0°43′55″W / 51.994°N 0.732°W / 51.994; -0.732
Bletchley is a constituent town of Milton Keynes, in Buckinghamshire, England. It is situated in the south-west of Milton Keynes, and is split between the civil parishes of Bletchley and Fenny Stratford and West Bletchley.
Bletchley is best known for Bletchley Park, the headquarters of Britain's World War II codebreaking organisation, now a museum.
The town name is Anglo-Saxon and means Blæcca's clearing. It was first recorded in manorial rolls in the 12th century as Bicchelai, then later as Blechelegh (xiii cent.) and Blecheley (xiv–xvi cent.).
Bletchley grew from an obscure hamlet on the road from Fenny Stratford to Buckingham with the arrival of the London and North Western Railway in 1845 and its subsequent junction with the Oxford-Cambridge Varsity Line shortly afterwards. Bletchley grew rapidly to service the junction. Bletchley railway station was for many years an important node on the railway. It is now one of the five stations which serve Milton Keynes.
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Boarstall
Coordinates: 51°49′23″N 1°05′31″W / 51.823°N 1.092°W / 51.823; -1.092
Boarstall is a village and civil parish in the Aylesbury Vale district of Buckinghamshire, about 12 miles (19 km) west of Aylesbury. The parish is on the county boundary with Oxfordshire and the village is about 5.5 miles (9 km) southeast of the Oxfordshire market town of Bicester.
According to legend King Edward the Confessor gave some land to one of his men in return for slaying a wild boar that had infested the nearby Bernwood Forest.[citation needed] The man built himself a mansion on this land and called it "Boar-stall" (Old English for 'Boar House') in memory of the slain beast. The man was also given a horn from the dead beast, and the legend says that whoever shall possess the horn shall be the lord of the manor of Boarstall.[citation needed]
It is certainly the case from manorial records of 1265 that the owner of the manor of Boarstall was the ceremonial keeper of the Bernwood Forest, suggesting a link with the earlier legend. Given the proximity of Boarstall to the king's palace at Brill it would appear that this legend certainly has some basis in fact.[citation needed]
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Borehamwood
Coordinates: 51°39′28″N 0°16′20″W / 51.6578°N 0.2723°W / 51.6578; -0.2723
Boreham Wood, (The correct naming[citation needed]) (often spelt Borehamwood) is a town in southern Hertfordshire, situated 16.5 miles (26.6 km) north of central London. It has a population of 28,546. It is within the civil parish of Elstree and Borehamhwood and the London commuter belt. There is one weekly newspaper, the Boreham Wood and Elstree Times. The town is perhaps most well known for its film and TV studios, commonly known as Elstree Film Studios, hence the associated with Elstree.
On of the earliest mentions of Bosci de Boreham (Wood of Boreham), is in 1188:
In 1776, the House of Lords granted:
Up until 1909, the town was part of the ancient parish of Elstree; the two still share a local council, Elstree and Boreham Wood Town Council.
From the 1920s onwards, the town became known as one of the main centres of the UK film, and later television, industries due to the presence of production studios.
Following World War II, the town's population greatly increased, with large areas of council housing set up for displaced Londoners, many of which are now in private ownership. Fast train connections to central London have resulted in the town becoming a primarily residential suburb.
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Botolph Claydon
Coordinates: 51°54′52″N 0°56′09″W / 51.914362°N 0.935769°W / 51.914362; -0.935769
Botolph Claydon is a hamlet in the civil parish of East Claydon, in Buckinghamshire, England. It is situated about 9 miles east of Bicester in Oxfordshire, and 7 miles north west of Aylesbury.
Anciently the hamlet was called Botyl Claydon. The prefix comes from the Anglo-Saxon word botyl meaning 'house'. The word Claydon is also Anglo Saxon, and means 'clay hill'.
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Bracknell
Coordinates: 51°24′58″N 0°44′56″W / 51.416°N 0.749°W / 51.416; -0.749
Bracknell is a town and civil parish in the Borough of Bracknell Forest in Berkshire, England. It lies 11 miles (18 km) to the southeast of Reading, 10 miles (16 km) southwest of Windsor and 30 miles (48 km) west of central London. The town has a population of 50,131.
The name Bracknell is first recorded in a Winkfield Boundary Charter of AD 942 as Braccan heal, and may mean "Nook of land belonging to a man called Bracca", from the Old English Braccan (genitive singular of a personal name) + heal, healh (a corner, nook or secret place). An early form of the town's name, Brakenhale, still survives as the name of one of its schools.
The town is surrounded, on the east and south, by the vast expanse of Swinley Woods and Crowthorne Woods. The urban area has absorbed parts of many local outlying areas including Warfield, Winkfield and Binfield.
The town covers all of the old village of Easthampstead (though not all of the old parish) and the hamlet of Ramslade. Easthampstead has a very long history. There is a Bronze Age round barrow at Bill Hill. Easthampstead Park was a favoured royal hunting lodge in Windsor Forest and Catherine of Aragon was banished there until her divorce was finalised. It was later the home of the Trumbulls who were patrons of Alexander Pope from Binfield.
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Bragenham
Coordinates: 51°56′11″N 0°43′06″W / 51.9363°N 0.7183°W / 51.9363; -0.7183
Soulbury is a village and also a civil parish within Aylesbury Vale district in Buckinghamshire, England. It is located in the Aylesbury Vale, about three miles south of the Milton Keynes urban area, three miles north of Wing. The village name is Anglo Saxon in origin, and means 'stronghold in a gully'. In the Domesday Book of 1086 the village was recorded as Soleberie.
The parish contains the hamlets of :
The parish extends as far as Rammamere Farm on Watling Street. Rammamere Heath is managed with King's Wood in Heath and Reach as a nature reserve.
A 17th century mansion Liscombe Park, originally the seat of the Lovett Family was rebuilt in the 1920s by the Bonsor Family who live there today. The house is built of brick with small turrets and crennelations, in the style of an 18th century pseudo gothic castle. The interiors are a mixture of panelling and some 18th century styles. Near to the house is the former much older chapel, this today has been converted to a billiards room. The house is not open to the public, but the gardens are sometimes used for fairs and fetes.
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Brentwood, Essex
Coordinates: 51°37′13″N 0°18′18″E / 51.620355°N 0.305006°E / 51.620355; 0.305006
Brentwood is a town and the principal settlement of the Borough of Brentwood, in the county of Essex in the east of England. It is located in the London commuter belt, 20 miles (30 km) east north-east of Charing Cross, and near the M25 motorway.
Brentwood is an affluent suburban town of 47,593 people and with a small, but expanding, shopping area and high street. Beyond this is extensive sprawling residential development entirely surrounded by open countryside and woodland; some penetrating to within only a few hundred yards of the town centre. It is perhaps most widely known for Brentwood School and for several businesses based in the town.
The name was assumed by antiquaries in the 1700s to derive from a corruption of the words 'burnt' and 'wood', with the name Burntwood still visible on some 18th century maps. However, "brent" was the middle English for "burnt". The name describes the presumed reason for settlement in the part of the Forest of Essex (later Epping Forest) that would have covered the area, where the main occupation was charcoal burning. An alternative meaning of "brent" is "holy one", which could refer to the chapel dedicated to Thomas Becket, for the use of pilgrims to Canterbury.
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Brill
Coordinates: 51°49′12″N 1°03′07″W / 51.820°N 1.052°W / 51.820; -1.052
Brill is a village and civil parish in Aylesbury Vale district in Buckinghamshire, England, close to the boundary with Oxfordshire. It is about 4 miles (6.4 km) north-west of Long Crendon and 7 miles (11 km) south-east of Bicester. It has a Royal charter to hold a weekly market, but has not done so for many years.
Brill's name is a combination of Brythonic and Anglo Saxon words for 'hill' (Brythonic breg and Anglo Saxon hyll). In the reign of Edward the Confessor it was a town called Bruhella.
The manor of Brill was the administration centre for the royal hunting Forest of Bernwood and was for a long time a property of the Crown. King Edward the Confessor had a palace here. There is evidence that Henry II, John, Henry III and Stephen all held court at the palace.[citation needed] It remained in place until the time of Charles I, who turned the building into a Royalist garrison in the English Civil War. This led the Parliamentarian John Hampden to destroy it in 1643.
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Broughton Crossing
Broughton Crossing is a small settlement located between the Buckinghamshire villages of Bierton and Broughton in England.
It takes its name from a long-vanished level crossing where the road crossed the now-defunct Cheddington to Aylesbury Line a branch line connecting the West Coast Main Line at Cheddington and Aylesbury. It consists of a public house and a few private houses, the easterly part of the former railway has been made into a road. It is a distinct settlement separated from Broughton itself by the Aylesbury Arm of the Grand Union Canal.
There is an urban myth that there was once a railway station or halt there.
Coordinates: 51°49′25″N 0°47′03″W / 51.82373°N 0.78406°W / 51.82373; -0.78406
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Broughton, Aylesbury
Coordinates: 51°49′01″N 0°46′30″W / 51.816896°N 0.775106°W / 51.816896; -0.775106
Broughton ( /ˈbrɔːtən/) is a hamlet to the east of Aylesbury in Buckinghamshire, England and together with Bierton and other neighbouring hamlets forms part of the civil parish of Bierton with Broughton. Broughton is also the name of a nearby housing estate in Aylesbury itself.
Broughton was first recorded as being part of the manor of Bierton in the late 13th century. The hamlet name is Anglo-Saxon and means farm by a brook. The brook in this case is the Bearbrook that rises near Bedgrove, flows through Broughton then back into Aylesbury before joining the River Thame near Quarrendon.
In the 1840s, a new branch railway was constructed linking Aylesbury to the Midlands that crossed the road that linked Broughton with Bierton. A public house and signalmen's cottages were constructed at the level crossing and the area became known as Broughton Crossing. Today, this is considered a separate hamlet from Broughton itself.
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Broxbourne
Coordinates: 51°44′58″N 0°01′18″W / 51.7495°N 0.0216°W / 51.7495; -0.0216
Broxbourne is a commuter town in the Broxbourne borough of Hertfordshire in the East of England with a population of 13,298 in 2001.
It is located 17.1 miles (27.5 km) north north-east of Charing Cross in London and about a mile (1.6 km) north of Wormley and south of Hoddesdon. The town is near to the River Lea which forms the boundary with Essex and is 4.5 miles (7.2 km) north of the M25 motorway. West of the town are Broxbourne Woods, a National Nature Reserve.
The Prime Meridian passes to the east of Broxbourne.
Broxbourne grew up on the Great Cambridge Road, now known as the A10. A number of old houses and inns dating from the 16th to the 19th century still line the High Street (now the A1170). The Manor of Broxbourne is described in the Domesday Book, which mentions Broxbourne Mill. The manor was held in the time of Edward the Confessor by Stigand, the Archbishop of Canterbury, but had passed into Norman hands following the Conquest. King John granted the manor to the Knights Hospitallers until the Dissolution, when it passed to John Cock, after whose family Cock Lane is named.
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Buckhurst Hill
Coordinates: 51°37′23″N 0°02′36″E / 51.623°N 0.0434°E / 51.623; 0.0434
Buckhurst Hill is an affluent suburban town in the Epping Forest district of Essex, England. Located adjacent to the northern boundary of Greater London, it forms part of the Greater London Urban Area.
It is at the western edge of Essex, 10.7 miles (17.2 km) north east of Charing Cross and near to the boundary with the London Borough of Redbridge. Parts of Epping Forest are in Buckhurst Hill intermingled with residential areas.
It was featured on the ITV1 series Essex Wives a programme about women in the area who were in business or fairly well-off. With Loughton and Chigwell, it is said to form part of the Essex golden triangle of wealthy places. Filming for The Only Way Is Essex takes place on Queens Road and at Belles & Beaus and Pet Couture.
Buckhurst Hill is served by Buckhurst Hill tube station and Roding Valley tube station, which are on the Central Line of the London Underground. The railway line was opened in 1856 as part of the Eastern Counties Railway and it is the middle-class development that resulted from this line that gives Buckhurst Hill its typical Victorian ambience.
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Buckingham
Coordinates: 51°59′44″N 0°59′12″W / 51.9956°N 0.9868°W / 51.9956; -0.9868
Buckingham is a town in north Buckinghamshire, England, close to the borders of Northamptonshire and Oxfordshire. The town has a population of 11,572 (United Kingdom Census 2001), (2007 est. 13,200). Buckingham is also a civil parish designated as a town council.
Buckingham was declared the county town of Buckinghamshire in the 10th century when it was made the capital of the newly formed shire of Buckingham until Aylesbury took over this role early in the 18th century.
Buckingham has a variety of restaurants and pubs, typical of a small market town. It has a small number of local shops, both national and independent. Market days are Tuesday and Saturday which take over Market Hill and the High Street cattle pens. Buckingham is twinned with Mouvaux, France.
In the 7th century, Buckingham, literally "meadow of Bucca's people" is said to have been founded by Bucca, the leader of the first Anglo Saxon settlers. The first settlement was located around the top of a loop in the River Great Ouse, presently the Hunter Street campus of the University of Buckingham. Between the 7th century and the 11th century, the town of Buckingham regularly changed hands between the Saxons and the Danes, in particular, in 914 King Edward the Elder and a Saxon army encamped in Buckingham for four weeks forcing local Danish Viking leaders to surrender. Subsequently a fort was constructed at the location of the present Buckingham parish church.
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Buckland Wharf
Coordinates: 51°48′11″N 0°42′47″W / 51.803°N 0.713°W / 51.803; -0.713
Buckland is a village and civil parish in Aylesbury Vale district in Buckinghamshire, England. The village near the boundary with Hertfordshire, close to Aston Clinton.
The village toponym is a common one in England. It is Old English in origin, and refers to a place which has received a Royal charter of some description. It is not known the type of charter to which it refers in this case.
Before the Norman conquest of England, the manor of Buckland was held by the Diocese of Dorchester-on-Thames in Oxfordshire under the control of Godric. After 1066 William I granted it to the Bishop of Lincoln. It remained so until the 16th century when the then tenant, the Earl of Warwick forfeited it to the Crown. By 1584 it had been passed to Robert Dormer, 1st Earl of Carnarvon. Robert was killed fighting on the Royalist side during the English Civil War at the first Battle of Newbury. His lands, including Buckland, were confiscated by the Parliamentarians but were recovered in 1653 by the Charles Dormer, 2nd Earl of Carnarvon and held until death in 1709. Through marriage it passed to Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield and remained in the family until George Hassall of Cholesbury acquired it around 1815. Subsequent Lords of the Manor included John Atkinson and Peter Parott.
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Burgess Hill
Coordinates: 50°57′13″N 0°07′34″W / 50.9535°N 0.1262°W / 50.9535; -0.1262
Burgess Hill is a civil parish and a town primarily located in the Mid Sussex district of West Sussex, England, close to the border with East Sussex, on the edge of the South Downs National Park. Located 62 km (39 mi) south of London, 16 km (9.9 mi) north of Brighton and Hove, and 47 km (29 mi) east-northeast of the county town of Chichester, it occupies an area of 9.47 km2 (3.66 sq mi) and had a population of 28,803 at the time of the 2001 Census, making it the most populous parish in the district. Other nearby towns include Haywards Heath to the north east and Lewes, the county town of East Sussex, to the south east.
Burgess Hill is predominantly situated just on the West Sussex side of the border dividing the two counties, although parts of the World's End district in the northeast are across the county boundary in the Lewes district of East Sussex.
Burgess Hill is twinned with Schmallenberg in Germany and Abbeville in France. It has recently achieved the status of being a Fairtrade Town. Burgess Hill Town Council was awarded the status of Town Council of the Year 2006.
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Bye Green
Coordinates: 51°47′30″N 0°45′28″W / 51.7916°N 0.7577°W / 51.7916; -0.7577
Weston Turville is a village and also a civil parish within Aylesbury Vale district in Buckinghamshire, England. It is located about a mile and a half south east of Aylesbury and the parish is bisected across the top by Akeman Street.
The village name 'Weston' is Anglo Saxon in origin, and means 'western estate' or western homestead as 'tun' means an enclosed farm in Angle. In the Domesday Book of 1086 the village is recorded as Westone. The suffix 'Turville' was added later, referring to the lords of the manor in the thirteenth century, and to differentiate the village from other places called Weston.
Between 1236 to 1539, Weston Turville had grown to have five areas or ends - Church End, Brook End, South End, West End and World's End. These five ends still exist in present times as documented by Hamish Eaton's book "Weston Turville A History" published in 1997.
A notable resident of the village in the sixteenth century was Dr John Colet. It is after him that the John Colet School in nearby Wendover is named. Weston Turville was also at one time, one of the main places where Aylesbury ducks were bred.
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Calvert Green
Coordinates: 51°54′43″N 1°00′11″W / 51.912°N 1.003°W / 51.912; -1.003
Calvert Green is a civil parish in Aylesbury Vale, Buckinghamshire, England. It was created in 2003 from parts of Charndon and Steeple Claydon civil parishes. The new housing estate is built upon an old brickworks and the village hall, in the centre of the development, was erected above the old kilns.
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Camberley
Coordinates: 51°20′06″N 0°44′31″W / 51.335°N 0.742°W / 51.335; -0.742
Camberley ( /ˈkæmbərliː/) is a town in Surrey, England, situated 31 miles (50 km) southwest of central London, between the M3 and M4 motorways. The town lies close to the borders of both Hampshire and Berkshire; the boundaries intersect on the western edge of the town where all three counties converge. It is the main town in the borough of Surrey Heath. Camberley's suburbs include Crawley Hill, Heatherside, Yorktown and the Old Dean.
The town has a population of 30,155, whilst the Aldershot Urban Area (which also includes other towns, such as Aldershot, Farnborough, and Farnham) has a population of 243,344, making it the thirtieth-largest urban area in the UK.
Before the 19th century, the area now occupied by Camberley was referred to as Bagshot Heath, which was known as a haunt of Highwaymen such as William Davies - known as the Golden Farmer - and Claude Duval. The land remained largely undeveloped due to a sandy topsoil making it unsuitable for farming. In A tour thro' the Whole Island of Great Britain, written between 1724 and 1726, Daniel Defoe described the area as barren and sterile; "a mark of the just resentment shew’d by Heaven upon the Englishmen’s pride... horrid and frightful to look on, not only good for little, but good for nothing".
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Canvey Island
Coordinates: 51°30′58″N 0°34′59″E / 51.516°N 0.583°E / 51.516; 0.583
Canvey Island (area 18.45 km² - 7.12 mi²; pop. 37,479) is a civil parish and reclaimed island in the Thames estuary in England. It is separated from the mainland of south Essex by a network of creeks. Lying only just above sea level it is prone to flooding at exceptional tides, but has nevertheless been inhabited since the Roman invasion of Britain.
The island was mainly agricultural land until the 20th century when it became the fastest growing seaside resort in Britain between 1911-1951. The North Sea flood of 1953 devastated the island costing the lives of 58 islanders, and led to the temporary evacuation of the 13,000 residents. Canvey is consequently protected by modern sea defences comprising 15 miles (24 km) of concrete seawall.
Canvey is also notable for its relationship to the petrochemical industry. The island was the site of the first delivery in the world of liquefied natural gas by container ship, and later became the subject of an influential assessment on the risks to a population living within the vicinity of petrochemical shipping and storage facilities.
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Chackmore
Coordinates: 52°00′58″N 1°00′04″W / 52.016°N 1.001°W / 52.016; -1.001
Chackmore is a hamlet in the parish of Radclive-cum-Chackmore, in north Buckinghamshire, England. The hamlet is approached using the avenue that links Buckingham with Stowe Park.
The hamlet name is Anglo Saxon in origin, and means 'Ceacca's moor'. It has been suggested though that the first part of the name could stem from the ancient word ceacce, meaning 'hill'. The hamlet was first recorded in manorial rolls in 1241 as Chakemore. It has also occasionally been recorded as Chalkmore.
Main Street in Chackmore was originally flanked by thatched cottages, only two of which retain thatched roofs following a fire that swept the entire length of the village some one hundred and fifty years ago. The main thoroughfare was dissected by a huge tree known as the Cross Tree, which served as a moot or meeting place for the villagers. This was removed some time during the last 20 years and replaced by a roundabout.
A lane running off of the main street eventually becomes a cul-de-sac called The Maltings. This suggests there was once a brewery somewhere nearby though no records exist to that effect. Opposite the primary school a cobbler named Billy Ayers used to work from a small shed in his garden and his clientele included not only the local residents but also the pupils and staff of Stowe School. This provided an extremely busy and important cottage industry and was operational up until the mid-1970s.
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Charndon
Coordinates: 51°55′05″N 1°01′26″W / 51.918°N 1.024°W / 51.918; -1.024
Charndon is a hamlet and civil parish in the Aylesbury Vale district of Buckinghamshire, England.
The hamlet's toponym combines Brythonic and Old English origins, as is common with other places in this part of the country (see, for example, Brill and Bow Brickhill). It means "cairn hill", cairn being a Celtic word for a ceremonial hill or pile of stones. The Domesday Book of 1086 records the hamlet as Credendone.
Within the hamlet of Charndon is the Charndon Grounds estate, once the site of a large country house.
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Chatham, Kent
Coordinates: 51°21′40″N 0°32′10″E / 51.3610°N 0.5362°E / 51.3610; 0.5362
Chatham ( /ˈtʃætəm/ CHAT-əm) is one of the Medway towns located within the Medway unitary authority, in North Kent, in South East England.
Although the dockyard has long been closed and is now being redeveloped into a business and residential community as well as a museum featuring the famous submarine, HMS Ocelot, major naval buildings remain as the focus for a flourishing tourist industry. Chatham also has military connections; several Army barracks were located here, together with 19th-century forts which provided a defensive shield for the dockyard. Brompton Barracks, located in the town, remains the headquarters of the Corps of Royal Engineers.
The town has important road links and the railway and bus stations are the main interchanges for the area. It is the administrative headquarters of Medway unitary authority, as well as its principal shopping centre.
The name Chatham was first recorded as Cetham in 880. The Domesday Book records the place as Ceteham. Most books explain this name as a British root ceto (like Welsh coed) plus Old English ham, thus meaning a forest settlement. However, the river-valley situation of Chatham is more consistent with cet being an Old English survival of the element catu that was common in Roman-era names and meant 'basin' or 'valley'.
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Chearsley
Coordinates: 51°47′25″N 0°57′42″W / 51.7902°N 0.9617°W / 51.7902; -0.9617
Chearsley is a village and civil parish within Aylesbury Vale district in Buckinghamshire, England. It is situated about seven miles south west of Aylesbury, and about four miles north of Thame, in Oxfordshire.
The village name is Anglo Saxon in origin, and means 'Cerdic's clearing' or 'Cerdic's lea'. It was mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Cerdeslai. It has been suggested that the village is the place mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle as Cerdicesleah, where King Cerdic and his son Cynric defeated the Britons in 527.
The village was originally a hamlet in the nearby parish of Crendon, though was established as a parish in its own right by the Bishop of Lincoln in 1458.
The village was used as a location in the television series Midsomer Murders – ep. Country Matters, ITV.
River Thame at Chearsley, view from footbridge at the Cuddington parish boundary.
Parish Church of St Nicholas, Chearsley.
The Bell Inn, Chearsley.
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Cheddington
Coordinates: 51°50′49″N 0°39′50″W / 51.847°N 0.664°W / 51.847; -0.664
Cheddington is a village and civil parish in the Aylesbury Vale district of Buckinghamshire. The parish has an area of 1,429 acres (578 ha). The village is about 6 miles north-east of Aylesbury and three miles north of Tring in Hertfordshire. The hamlet of Cooks Wharf has grown up where the main road into the village from Pitstone crosses the Grand Union Canal.
At Southend Hill near the village are the remains of an Iron Age hill fort which has been largely obliterated through arable cultivation.
The earliest known record of the village is in the Domesday Book in which it is called Cetendone, which is Old English for "Cetta's Hill". The Church of England parish church of Saint Giles was originally Norman. There is also a Methodist church with a large congregation.
Cheddington manor house is a much gabled and half timbered red brick building under a tiled roof, dating from the 16th century.
In 1963 Cheddington featured in the national press as it was near the location of the "Great Train Robbery" of 1963 at Bridego Railway Bridge in the hamlet of Ledburn.
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Chelmscote
Coordinates: 51°56′11″N 0°43′06″W / 51.9363°N 0.7183°W / 51.9363; -0.7183
Soulbury is a village and also a civil parish within Aylesbury Vale district in Buckinghamshire, England. It is located in the Aylesbury Vale, about three miles south of the Milton Keynes urban area, three miles north of Wing. The village name is Anglo Saxon in origin, and means 'stronghold in a gully'. In the Domesday Book of 1086 the village was recorded as Soleberie.
The parish contains the hamlets of :
The parish extends as far as Rammamere Farm on Watling Street. Rammamere Heath is managed with King's Wood in Heath and Reach as a nature reserve.
A 17th century mansion Liscombe Park, originally the seat of the Lovett Family was rebuilt in the 1920s by the Bonsor Family who live there today. The house is built of brick with small turrets and crennelations, in the style of an 18th century pseudo gothic castle. The interiors are a mixture of panelling and some 18th century styles. Near to the house is the former much older chapel, this today has been converted to a billiards room. The house is not open to the public, but the gardens are sometimes used for fairs and fetes.
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Chequers
Coordinates: 51°44′36″N 0°46′56″W / 51.743284°N 0.782167°W / 51.743284; -0.782167
Chequers, or Chequers Court, is a country house near Ellesborough, to the south of Aylesbury in Buckinghamshire, England, at the foot of the Chiltern Hills. It is the country residence of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
The original house probably gained its name in the 12th century because it may have been built or inhabited by an individual named Elias Ostiarius (or de Scaccario), who was acquiring land in the Ellesborough area at the time. The name "Ostiarius" meant an usher of the Court of the Exchequer. Elias Ostiarius' coat of arms included the chequer board of the Exchequer, so it is likely he named his estate after his arms and position at court. The house passed through generations of the De Scaccario family (spelt in many different forms) until it seems to have passed into the D'Awtrey family, whose name was eventually anglicised to Hawtrey.
Another explanation sometimes offered is that the house is named after the Chequers Trees that grow in its grounds. Also known as Wild Service Tree (Sorbus torminalis), it produces small berries which are called Chequers. There is a reference to this in the book Elizabeth: Apprenticeship by David Starkey, which describes the early life of Elizabeth I.
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Chertsey
Coordinates: 51°23′25″N 0°30′27″W / 51.3902°N 0.5074°W / 51.3902; -0.5074
Chertsey is a town in Surrey, England, on the River Thames and its tributary rivers such as the River Bourne. It can be accessed by road from junction 11 of the M25 London orbital motorway. It shares borders with Staines, Laleham, Shepperton, Addlestone, Woking, Thorpe and Egham. It lies within the Godley hundred, 29km southwest of central London, close to the M3 and the M25.
The town is part of the London commuter belt, and is served by Chertsey railway station. It is located on the Chertsey branch of the Waterloo to Reading Line which is currently operated by South West Trains as part of the UK state-owned National Rail network. The town is home to the head office of Compass Group and the UK head office of Samsung Electronics. The Thorpe Park entrance is also in the town, including frequent buses from Staines and car parking. Elevation is generally low at 14m in the High Street and 11m on the river Thames where the Boat House and Kingfisher restaurants are located, making this the lowest place in Chertsey. The highest point is St. Anne's Hill in the forest, which peaks at around 77m, making it the second highest point in Runnymede. Across the river Thames from Chertsey Bridge on the Middlesex side of the river is the Thames Path National Trail, and Chertsey Lock.
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Chesham
Coordinates: 51°42′11″N 0°36′07″W / 51.703°N 0.602°W / 51.703; -0.602
Chesham ( /ˈtʃɛʃəm/, local /ˈtʃɛsəm/, or /ˈtʃɛzəm/) is a market town in the Chiltern Hills, Buckinghamshire, England. It is located 11 miles south-east of the county town of Aylesbury. Chesham is also a civil parish designated a town council within Chiltern district. It is situated in the Chess Valley and surrounded by farmland, as well as being bordered on one side by Amersham and Chesham Bois. The earliest records of Chesham as a settlement are from the second half of the 10th century although there is archaeological evidence of people in the area from around 8000 BC.
The town is known for its four Bs, usually quoted as:- boots, beer, brushes and Baptists. Chesham's prosperity grew significantly during the 18th and 19th centuries with the development of manufacturing industry.
In the face of fierce competition from both home and abroad all these traditional industries rapidly declined. The ready availability of skilled labour encouraged new industries to the town both before and after the end of the Second World War. Today employment in the town is provided by mainly small business engaged in light industry, technology and professional services.
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Cheshunt
Coordinates: 51°42′07″N 0°02′06″W / 51.702°N 0.035°W / 51.702; -0.035
Cheshunt ( /ˈtʃɛzənt/) is a town in Hertfordshire, England with a population of around 52,000 according to the United Kingdom's 2001 Census. It is a dormitory town and part of the Greater London Urban Area and London commuter belt served by Cheshunt railway station. The town is located 13 miles (21 km) from Charing Cross, making it one of the closest parts of Hertfordshire to Central London.
The Prime Meridian passes to the east of Cheshunt.
The town name comes from the Old English name (as recorded in the Domesday Book) for the area, Cestrehunt, which probably refers to a "castle, erected by the Romans", the word cestre (along with the form ceastre), or even its modern forms, chester and caster being derived from the Latin castrum meaning "fort". The town Chester also derives from this root and it is an element in various English place-names. This is commemorated in the arms of the former Cheshunt urban district council.
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Chetwode
Coordinates: 51°57′36″N 1°03′58″W / 51.960°N 1.066°W / 51.960; -1.066
Chetwode is a civil parish about 4 miles (6.4 km) southwest of Buckingham in the Aylesbury Vale district of Buckinghamshire. The parish is bounded to the southwest and southeast by a brook called The Birne, which here also forms part of the county boundary with Oxfordshire.
In ancient times[when?] the area was known simply as Cet, the Brythonic word for "woodland". Following the settlement of Anglo Saxon tribes in the area, the suffix "wood" was added to the name to form a compound word of British and Old English origins: a common occurrence in this part of the country (for example, Brill). In AD 949 the area was known as Cetwuda.
There is a manor at Chetwode that stayed in the same family from the time of the Domesday Book in 1086 through to the 1960s. The Domesday Book records that in 1086 Robert de Thain held the manor from Odo, Bishop of Bayeux.
In 1244 Sir Ralphe de Norwich founded an Augustinian priory at Chetwode. In 1460, owing to its poverty, the priory was dissolved and annexed to the nearby Nutley Abbey in Long Crendon. This led to the first recognition of Chetwode as a village rather than just a priory.
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Chiltern (district)
Chiltern is one of four local government districts of Buckinghamshire in south central England. It is named after the Chiltern Hills on which the region sits.
The main towns in the district are Amersham and Chesham. It was formed on 1 April 1974 by the merger of the Chesham Urban District and Amersham Rural District (which entirely surrounded it).
The parishes that make up Chiltern District are:
See also the list of civil parishes in Buckinghamshire
As of April 2011, it was as follows
Along with the Aylesbury Vale district, Chiltern contains no motorways except for a very small section of the M25 in the south-eastern corner. The major roads through the district are the A413 and the A404, the two meeting in Amersham. Railways services are provided by Chiltern Railways and London Underground's Metropolitan line. The Great Central Main Line carried traffic between London and Manchester until 1966, the section to Aylesbury is all that remains, being termed the London to Aylesbury Line. The only major station in the district is Amersham. Chesham is served exclusively by the Underground - it is the furthest tube station out of central London.
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Chinnor
Coordinates: 51°42′07″N 0°54′40″W / 51.702°N 0.911°W / 51.702; -0.911
Chinnor is a village and civil parish in South Oxfordshire about 4 miles (6.4 km) southeast of Thame. The village is a Spring line settlement on the Icknield Way below the Chiltern escarpment. Since 1932 the civil parish has included the village of Emmington.
Chinnor formerly had a cement works and artisans supporting High Wycombe's furniture making industry, but in the 21st century is primarily a dormitory village for Thame, High Wycombe, Aylesbury and London.
The Icknield Way is a pre-Roman road. The site of an Iron Age settlement from perhaps the 4th century BC has been excavated on the Chiltern ridge in the southern part of the parish. Traces of Romano-British occupation have ben found both on the same high ground and below on Icknield Way.
A twin barrow on Icknield Way has been found to contain the weapons of a Saxon warrior that have been dated to the 6th century. Chinnor's toponym may originally have meant the ora ("slope") of a man called Ceonna. In subsequent centuries it was variously spelt Chennore and then Chynor.[citation needed]
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Chivery
Coordinates: 51°46′05″N 0°41′49″W / 51.768°N 0.697°W / 51.768; -0.697 Chivery is a hamlet located in the Chiltern Hills in the present day parish of Aston Clinton, in Aylesbury Vale District in the county of Buckinghamshire, England.
Chivery's southern boundary is formed by the ancient earthworks known as Grim's Ditch. To the north it is bounded by Wendover Woods.
Historically Chivery was part of the manor of Aston Clinton. It was created at the end of the 12th century when William de Clinton created the manor of Aston Chiverey provided a dowry for his daughter Alice who married Reginald de Mohun. On his death in 1213 Alice married Robert de Beauchamp. From 1250 until around 1380 the manor was held by the Audley family until through marriage it passed to John Rose, an esquire of Richard II of England. By 1410 in Henry IV's reign it had passed to the Crown before being recovered by John Rose's descendant Thomas St Clair. Thomas' lands were divided on his death in 1483 and his daughter Eleanor inherited the manor of Aston Chiverey and through marriage the land became part of the estates of John Gage. His grandson Sir John Gage sold the manor to Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury in 1534, whereon it became recombined with the manor of Aston Clinton once more. The Countess was executed on Henry VIII's orders in 1451 and all her lands were forfeit and split up. Ownership of the manor resided with William Batchelor up until 1555 when the properties passed in his will to his brother-in-law Thomas Gewat. However by 1582 the fields were being farmed by Silvester and John Baldwin and the woodlands by another John Gage.
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City of London
The City of London is an area in central London, England. In the medieval period it constituted most of London, but the conurbation has grown far beyond it. As the City’s boundaries have remained almost unchanged since the Middle Ages, it is now only a tiny part of the metropolis, though it remains a notable part of central London, holds city status in its own right, and is a separate ceremonial county.
It is often referred to as the City (often written on maps as "City") or the Square Mile, as it is just over one square mile (1.12 sq mi/2.90 km2) in area. These terms are also often used as metonyms for the United Kingdom's financial services industry, which continues a notable history of being based in the City.
The term London now refers to a much larger conurbation roughly corresponding to Greater London, a local government area which includes 32 London boroughs including the City of Westminster as well as the City of London. The local authority for the City, the City of London Corporation, is unique in the United Kingdom, and has some unusual responsibilities for a local authority in Britain, such as being the police authority for the City. It also has responsibilities and ownerships beyond the City's boundaries. The Corporation is headed by the Lord Mayor of the City of London, an office separate from (and much older than) the Mayor of London.
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City of Westminster
The City of Westminsteri/ˈwɛstmɪnstə/ is a London borough occupying much of the central area of London, England, including most of the West End. It is located to the west of and adjoining the ancient City of London, directly to the east of the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, and its southern boundary is the River Thames. It is an Inner London borough and was created in 1965 when Greater London was established. At its creation Westminster was awarded city status, which had been previously held by the smaller Metropolitan Borough of Westminster. Aside from a number of large parks and open spaces, the population density of the district is high. Many sites commonly associated with London are located in the borough, including Buckingham Palace, the Houses of Parliament, and 10 Downing Street. The borough is divided into a number of localities including the ancient political district of Westminster around the Palace of Westminster; the shopping areas around Oxford Street, Regent Street, Piccadilly and Bond Street; and the night time entertainment district of Soho. Much of the borough is residential, and in 2008 it was estimated to have a population of 236,000. The local authority is Westminster City Council.
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Cooks Wharf
Coordinates: 51°50′10″N 0°39′18″W / 51.836°N 0.655°W / 51.836; -0.655 Cooks Wharf is a hamlet in the parish of Cheddington, in Buckinghamshire, England. It is located where the main road into Cheddington from Pitstone crosses the Grand Union Canal.
Apples from the surrounding orchards were loaded onto the narrowboats here to travel down the canal to London.
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Crawley
Crawley ( pronunciation (help·info)) is a town and local government district with Borough status in West Sussex, England. It is 28 miles (45 km) south of Charing Cross, 18 miles (29 km) north of Brighton and Hove, and 32 miles (51 km) northeast of the county town of Chichester, covers an area of 17.36 square miles (44.96 km2) and had a population of 99,744 at the time of the 2001 Census.
The area has been inhabited since the Stone Age, and was a centre of ironworking in Roman times. Crawley developed slowly as a market town from the 13th century, serving the surrounding villages in the Weald; its location on the main road from London to Brighton brought a passing trade, encouraging the development of coaching inns. It was connected to the railway network in the 1840s.
Gatwick Airport, now one of Britain's busiest international airports, opened on the edge of the town in the 1940s, encouraging commercial and industrial growth. After the Second World War, the British Government planned to move large numbers of people and jobs out of London and into new towns around South East England. The New Towns Act 1946 designated Crawley as the site of one of these. A master plan was developed for the establishment of new residential, commercial, industrial and civic areas, and rapid development greatly increased the size and population of the town in a few decades.
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Creslow
Coordinates: 51°53′24″N 0°49′25″W / 51.8899°N 0.8236°W / 51.8899; -0.8236
Creslow (occasionally also known as Christlow) is a village and civil parish within Aylesbury Vale district in Buckinghamshire, England. It is close to Whitchurch, about six and a half miles from Aylesbury.
The village name is Anglo Saxon in origin, Cærsehlaw, meaning 'cress hill'. It was recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Cresselai.
In the Victorian era and much admired then, there was just one house left in the village, the manor house, which dated from the 14th century. It was then the property of Lord Clifford but has also now disappeared.
The church at Creslow, which dates from the 13th century, was formerly owned by the Knights Templar[citation needed][dubious – discuss] and, following their suppression, the Knights Hospitaller (the Order of St John of Jerusalem). Following the dissolution of the Monasteries it was held by the Crown, and the whole of the manor was used as pasture for the cattle of the Royal Household. The ecclesiastical parish was abolished by Queen Elizabeth I and the building itself was demolished during the English Civil War, by the regicide Cornelius Holland, and was never replaced.
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Croxley Green
Coordinates: 51°38′49″N 0°26′42″W / 51.647°N 0.445°W / 51.647; -0.445
Croxley Green is a large village and civil parish of approximately 5,000 dwellings and 12,000 residents located between Watford (to the north-east) and Rickmansworth (to the south-west) in Hertfordshire, England. Croxley is about 20 miles north-west of London.
Croxley Green has a large village green surrounded by some of its oldest buildings (17th century) including the Croxley Green Windmill. There is extensive building from the 19th Century centred around New Road plus a good deal of housing stock from the 1930s, built at the time of the Metropolitan Line branch. The Green houses the "Revels on The Green", an annual village fair which includes a traditional maypole dance, which used to be illustrated on the road signs on entering the village.
In 2008 a group of residents were successful in gaining "village green" status also for a small area of woodland ("Buddleia Wood") to the south of the village, thereby protecting the area for generations to come.
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Cublington
Coordinates: 51°53′33″N 0°46′45″W / 51.8926°N 0.7791°W / 51.8926; -0.7791
Cublington is a village and one of 110 civil parishes within Aylesbury Vale district in Buckinghamshire, England. It is about seven miles (11 km) north of Aylesbury. The village name is Anglo Saxon in origin, and means 'Cubbel's estate'. In the Domesday Book of 1086 it was recorded as Coblincote.
The parish church of St Nicholas is built in the perpendicular style. The tower of the church is decorated with blank tracery windows. Inside, the chancel arch has unusual corbels of a man and a monkey. At one time there was also a Methodist Chapel in the village.
500 yards (500 m) from the church is a small man-made hill, about 20 ft (6.1 m). high, known as "The Beacon", it is in fact the motte of a small Norman castle.
North west of the church the 18th century stable block of the former manor house survives, it is an impressive building built of brick. A granary also survives built on an arcaded basement. This is rare as granaries in the area tended to be built on saddle stones. This type of agricultural building was generally raised from the ground to deter rodents.
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Dadford
Coordinates: 52°02′24″N 1°01′44″W / 52.040°N 1.029°W / 52.040; -1.029 Dadford is a hamlet in the parish of Stowe in north Buckinghamshire, England.
The hamlet name is Anglo Saxon in origin, and means Dodda's Ford in modern English. Although originally in the parish of Biddlesden, the hamlet was annexed to Stowe in the 17th century to provide extra living accommodation for the servants of the new manor house.
The hamlet still exists today, though it is still quite small in size.
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Dagnall
Coordinates: 51°50′10″N 0°33′36″W / 51.836°N 0.560°W / 51.836; -0.560
Dagnall is a village in the parish of Edlesborough Northall and Dagnall, in Buckinghamshire, England.
The place name is derived from the Old English for "Daegga's Knoll". In manorial rolls of 1196 it was listed as Dagenhale.
Dagnall is in the Chiltern Hills and in the Chilterns Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. It is next to the Ashridge Estate, owned and managed by The National Trust. House prices are significantly higher than average, in common with comparable locations in Hertfordshire, Bedfordshire and Buckinghamshire.
Five main roads link Dagnall with the nearby towns of Dunstable, Leighton Buzzard, Tring, Hemel Hempstead and Berkhamsted, and slightly further on to the larger towns of Luton, Aylesbury and Milton Keynes. The nearest villages to Dagnall are Ashridge, Studham and Whipsnade. Whipsnade Zoo is on the hill above the village.
All Saints' parish church is a Church of England and Methodist local ecumenical partnership and has clergy from both denominations.
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Dartford
Coordinates: 51°27′50″N 0°15′14″E / 51.464°N 0.254°E / 51.464; 0.254
Dartford is the principal town in the borough of Dartford. It is situated in the northwest corner of Kent, England, 16 miles (26 km) east south-east of central London.
The town centre is situated in a valley through which the River Darent flows, and where the old road from London to Dover crossed: hence the name, from Darent + ford. Dartford became a market town in medieval times and, although today it is principally a commuter town for Greater London, it has a long history of religious, industrial and cultural importance. It is an important rail hub; the main through-road now avoids the town itself.
In prehistory, the first people appeared in the Dartford area around 250,000 years ago: a tribe of prehistoric hunter-gatherers whose exemplar is called Swanscombe Man. Many other archaeological investigations have revealed a good picture of occupation of the district with important finds from the Stone Age, the Bronze Age and the Iron Age.
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Dorking
Coordinates: 51°14′02″N 0°19′54″W / 51.2340°N 0.3318°W / 51.2340; -0.3318
Dorking ( /ˈdɔrkɪŋ/) is a historic market town at the foot of the North Downs approximately 21 miles (34 km) south of London, in Surrey, England.
Dorking began life as a small staging on Stane Street, the Roman Road that linked London to Chichester on the English Channel.
Dorking appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as the Manor of Dorchinges. It was held by William the Conqueror. Its domesday assets were: one church, 3 mills worth 15s 4d, 16 ploughs, 3 acres (1.2 ha) of meadow, woodland and herbage worth 88 hogs. It rendered £18.
Subsequent Lords of the Manor were to include the Dukes of Norfolk, who lived in Dorking until they moved to Arundel. One of them is buried in Dorking churchyard. In the Medieval period, Dorking was a prosperous agricultural and market town, benefitting from its position on the junction of a number of important roads and tracks.
In 1750, the construction of a Turnpike Road made Dorking a staging post on the route to Brighton and the coast. The Bull's Head in South Street had a famous coachman, William Broad, whose portrait hangs in Dorking Museum in West Street. The inn that now dominates the centre of Dorking, the White Horse, was developed in the 18th century; previous buildings on this site having belonged to the Knights Templar and later the Knights of St John.
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Dorton
Coordinates: 51°49′23″N 1°00′50″W / 51.823°N 1.014°W / 51.823; -1.014
Dorton (or Dourton) is a village and civil parish in the Aylesbury Vale district of Buckinghamshire. It is in the western part of the county, about 5 miles (8 km) north of the Oxfordshire market town of Thame.
The village toponym is derived from the Old English for "farm at a narrow pass". The Domesday Book of 1086 records it as Dortone, and in the 13th century it was Durtone.
Before the Norman conquest of England Alric, son of Goding, a thegn of Edward the Confessor, held the manor of Dorton. However, the Domesday Book records that by 1086 the Norman baron Walter Giffard held it.
Dorton House is a Grade I listed Jacobean mansion to the south of the village. It is now a preparatory school, Ashfold School.
The Church of England parish church of Saint John the Evangelist was originally a chapel of ease to nearby Chilton. St. John's has been a parish in its own right since at least 1590.
The nave and chancel of the church building may be 12th century, as is the bowl of the font. There is a 13th century lancet window in the nave. The south porch was added in the 13th century, es evidenced by a blocked window of that date in its east wall. In the 14th century the Decorated Gothic south aisle was added, the chancel arch was at least partly rebuilt and the present east window and piscina were added. The present stained glass in the east window is 15th century. The present entrance arch to the porch was added in the 15th century, the base of the font is from the same century and the Perpendicular Gothic window in the south wall of the south aisle was added in about 1480.
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Drayton Beauchamp
Coordinates: 51°48′04″N 0°41′35″W / 51.801°N 0.693°W / 51.801; -0.693
Drayton Beauchamp (pronounced 'Beecham') is a village and civil parish within Aylesbury Vale district in Buckinghamshire, England. It is in the east of the county, near the border boundary Hertfordshire, about six miles from Aylesbury and two miles from Tring.
The village toponym is derived from the Old English for "farm where sledges are used". It is a common place name in England, and refers to places that were perched on the hillside, thus requiring the use of a sledge rather than a cart to pull heavy loads. The suffix 'Beauchamp' refers to the ancient manorial family of the parish. The village is intersected by the Icknield Way a prehistoric, long-distance trackway of significant importance in providing a trading route between East Anglia and the Thames Valley certainly during the Iron Age and maybe earlier. In more recent times it has been bisected by the Roman Road, Akeman Street now the A41 and by both the Aylesbury Arm and Wendover Arm of the Grand Union Canal.
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Drayton Parslow
Coordinates: 51°56′56″N 0°46′48″W / 51.949°N 0.780°W / 51.949; -0.780
Drayton Parslow is a village and civil parish in the Aylesbury Vale district of Buckinghamshire about 3.5 miles (5.6 km) south of Bletchley.
In the 11th century the toponym was Draintone or Draitone. This is derived from Old English and means "farm where sledges are used". It is a common English toponym, for places that were on a hillside, thus needing a sledge rather than a cart to pull heavy loads.[citation needed] By the 13th century it had become Draitone Passele, referring to the Passelewe family who tenanted the manor of Drayton since the latter part of the 11th century. It evolved through Draygtone Passelewe in the 14th century and Draighton Perselow in the 17th century before reaching its current form.
In the reign of Edward the Confessor in the 11th century one Lewin de Nuneham held a manor of two hides and one virgate at Drayton. After the Norman conquest of England Lewin was displaced as feudal overlord by the Norman Geoffrey de Montbray, Bishop of Coutances. De Montbray tried unsuccessfully to displace the Passelewes as his tenants, and the family retained Drayton until 1379 when it passed by marriage to the Purcell family. In 1461 it was conveyed to a descendant of the Passelewes, William Laycon, in whose family it then remained until at least 1570.
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Dunstable
Coordinates: 51°53′10″N 0°31′16″W / 51.88603°N 0.52102°W / 51.88603; -0.52102
Dunstable ( /ˈdʌnstəbəl/) is a market town and civil parish located in Bedfordshire, England. It lies on the eastward tail spurs of the Chiltern Hills, 30 miles north of London. These geographical features form several steep chalk escarpments most noticeable when approaching Dunstable from the north.
In Roman times its name was Durocobrivis. There was a general assumption that the nominative form of the name had been Durocobrivae, so that is what appears on the map of 1944 illustrated below. But current thinking is that the form Durocobrivis, which occurs in the Antonine Itinerary, is a fossilised locative that was used all the time and Ordnance Survey now uses this form.
There are several theories concerning its modern name:
Relics of Palæolithic man, such as flint implements and the bones of contemporary wild animals, suggest settlement is prehistoric. At Maidenbower in the parish of Houghton Regis to the north, there is an Iron Age hill fort and is clearly marked on the Ordnance survey maps. Maidenbower has some of the ramparts showing through the edge of an old chalk quarry at Sewell where there are Bronze Age remains of an older fort. There are a lot of prehistoric sites in this area and details can be found with the Manshead Archaeological Society who are based in Winfield Street, Dunstable.
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Earley
Coordinates: 51°25′59″N 0°55′59″W / 51.433°N 0.933°W / 51.433; -0.933
Earley is a town and civil parish in the English county of Berkshire. The Office for National Statistics places Earley within the Reading/Wokingham Urban Area, for purposes of local government it falls within the Borough of Wokingham, outside of the jurisdiction of Reading Borough Council. The name is sometimes spelt Erleigh or Erlegh.
The town consists of a number of subordinate areas, including Maiden Erlegh and Lower Earley, and lies some 2 miles (3.2 km) south and east of central Reading, and some 5 miles (8.0 km) west of Wokingham. It has a population of around 30,000 people.
Evidence of early man has been found in several locations around Earley, amongst recorded finds: a hand axe was found in the railway cutting, flint implemets in a garden in Elm Lane and hand axes in the gardens in Fowler Close (no 12) and Silverdale Road. Most of these finds are thought to come from the late Paleolithic period around 35,000 years ago. Traces of flimsy shelters from the Mesolithic were discovered at the site of the old power station at Thames Valley Park in North Earley. Tools from this time have also been found, including a flint blade found in the garden of 42 Silverdale Road. Archaeological evidence for continued human presence during the Bronze Age and Iron Age were also discovered on the site of Thames Valley Business Park and Roman remains were found on a building site off Meadow Road.
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East Claydon
Coordinates: 51°55′27″N 0°55′44″W / 51.9241°N 0.9290°W / 51.9241; -0.9290
East Claydon is a village and is also a civil parish in the Aylesbury Vale district of Buckinghamshire, England. It is about 2+1⁄2 miles (4 km) miles south west of Winslow.
The village name 'Claydon' is Anglo Saxon in origin, and derives from the Old English: clægig + dun meaning 'clay hill'. The affix 'East' is used to differentiate the village from nearby Steeple Claydon and Middle Claydon, and from the hamlet of Botolph Claydon that lies within the parish of East Claydon.
The rural village of around 75 houses currently includes a primary school and a volunteer-run pub and also features a distinctive thatched tree with seating around the base. The village hall has a bell tower, the bell of which is known as 'the mushroom', in reference to its shape.[citation needed] This is also reflected in the name of the pub 'The Mushroom Club'.[citation needed]
The parish church dedicated to St Mary was demolished during the English Civil War by Cornelius Holland, one of King Charles's judges, but was rebuilt after the restoration. The current structure is largely of 18th century design, but comprises components from various centuries, the earliest of which is the 13th century.
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East Grinstead
Coordinates: 51°07′44″N 0°00′25″W / 51.129°N 0.007°W / 51.129; -0.007
East Grinstead is a town and civil parish in the northeastern corner of Mid Sussex, West Sussex in England near the East Sussex, Surrey, and Kent borders. It lies 27 miles (43 km) south of London, 21 miles (34 km) north northeast of Brighton, and 38 miles (61 km) east northeast of the county town of Chichester. The civil parish covers an area of 2443.45 hectares (6,035 acres) and had a population of 23,942 persons in the 2001 census. Nearby towns include Crawley to the west, Tunbridge Wells to the east and Redhill and Reigate to the northwest. The town is continuous with the village of Felbridge to the northwest. Until 1974 East Grinstead was the centre for local government - East Grinstead Urban District Council - and was located in the county of East Sussex. East Grinstead, along with Haywards Heath and Burgess Hill, as part of the former Cuckfield Rural District Council, came together as Mid-Sussex; moving to the jurisdiction of West Sussex County Council. The town has many historic buildings and is located on the Greenwich Meridian. It is located in the Weald and Ashdown Forest lies to the south of the town.
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East Malling
Coordinates: 51°17′25″N 0°28′15″E / 51.290320°N 0.470770°E / 51.290320; 0.470770
East Malling and Larkfield is a civil parish in the district of Tonbridge and Malling, Kent, England. It is about 2.4 miles (3.9 km) southeast of West Malling, 5.5 miles (8.9 km) northwest of Maidstone, and 11.4 miles (18.3 km) SSW of Rochester. In 1962, the parish was formed from two smaller ancient ecclesiastical parishes, East Malling and Larkfield. Covering 4.16 square miles (10.77 km2), the parish is in the heart of the hop fields and fruit-growing region, and has an expanding residential area. The distinct hamlet of East Malling Heath is in the parish. There are two parish churches in the parish. The church at East Malling is dedicated to St James the Great; that at Larkfield to Holy Trinity. There is also a Methodist church in Larkfield.
Of the two parts of the parish, Larkfield is much more built-up, lying on the main A20 road, and is part of greater Maidstone. The M20 motorway also passes through, with junction 4 residing at the centre of Leybourne on the A228. East Malling has a much more village feel about it. As well as the roads East Malling railway station, serves the village.
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Edgcott
Coordinates: 51°53′46″N 1°01′01″W / 51.896°N 1.017°W / 51.896; -1.017
Edgcott is a village and is civil parish in Aylesbury Vale district in Buckinghamshire, England. It is in the Aylesbury Vale, about eight miles east of Bicester.
The village name is derived from the Old English for "oak cottage". In the Domesday Book of 1086 it is recorded as Achecote, "æcen" (from which the word "acorn" is derived) being the Old English word for oak.
The manor of Edgcott was once owned by the physician and poet Sir Samuel Garth.
Media related to Edgcott at Wikimedia Commons
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Edlesborough
Coordinates: 51°51′55″N 0°35′14″W / 51.8653°N 0.5872°W / 51.8653; -0.5872
Edlesborough is a village within Aylesbury Vale district in Buckinghamshire, England. It is within the civil parish of Edlesborough Northall and Dagnall. Edlesborough is also adjacent to the village of Eaton Bray over the county boundary in Bedfordshire, about three miles WSW of Dunstable.
The village name is Anglo Saxon in origin, and means 'Eadwulf's barrow'. It was listed in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Eddinberge. The village was once a centre for the straw plait industry. "RAF Edlesborough" was a radio station near Dagnall.
Edlesborough School is a community primary school, which takes children from the age of four through to the age of eleven. The school has approximately 250 pupils. The nearest secondary school is The Cottesloe School in Wing.
For sport it has two football pitches, one enclosed tennis court and a cricket square. There is a small playing area for children. The Green is very beautiful on a summers day filled with families.
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Elm Farm, Aylesbury
Coordinates: 51°48′10″N 0°47′52″W / 51.802654°N 0.797798°W / 51.802654; -0.797798
Elm Farm is a modern housing estate in Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, England and one of the last new estates to be built within the parish boundary of Aylesbury.
It has its own football team called Elm Farm FC and in the political geography of the town it now forms a ward with Mandeville.
William Harding Combined School is a mixed primary school in Elm Farm.
It is a community school, which takes children from the age of 4 through to the age of 11. The school has approximately 700 pupils.
The school is named after William Harding of Walton.
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Elmhurst, Aylesbury
Coordinates: 51°49′34″N 0°48′29″W / 51.826135°N 0.807969°W / 51.826135; -0.807969
Elmhurst is a neighbourhood in north Aylesbury in Buckinghamshire, England. It occupies the area to the north and south of Elmhurst Road, now a section of the town's ring road.
Elmhurst is mainly residential, and has a very small shopping area on Dunsham Lane and another next to the Buckingham Road roundabout. Most of the housing consists of terraced council housing and blocks of low-rise flats.
Elmhurst has two state schools, The Elmhurst School, on Dunsham Lane situated next to the Alfred Rose Park, and St Louis Catholic Combined School located on the edge of the estate near Bierton Road.
The Elmhurst School (formerly Elmhurst Infant School and Elmhurst Junior School) is a mixed primary community school, which takes children from the age of 3 through to the age of 11. The school has approximately 250 pupils. The upper school has 4 year groups with 1 or 2 classes in each one. The name of the class is depended on which year group the class is in (Year 3 - Children which are 7-8 years old. Year 4 - Children which are 8-9 years old. Year 5 - Children which are 9-10 years old. Year 6 - Children which are 10-11 years old.) and the first letter of the teacher's surname who teaches that class e.g. Year 3 + Mr Smith = Class "3S". The current Head Teacher is Mrs Diane DeWolf. In July 2011 the school was graded satisfactory by Ofsted with several good features including its Early Years Area.
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England
Englandi/ˈɪŋɡlənd/ is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, while the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separate it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period, but it takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in AD 927, and since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century, has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world. The English language, the Anglican Church, and English law—the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world—developed in England, and the country's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation. England's Royal Society laid the foundations of modern experimental science.
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Epping
Coordinates: 51°42′01″N 0°06′31″E / 51.7004°N 0.1087°E / 51.7004; 0.1087
Epping is a small market town and civil parish in the Epping Forest district of the County of Essex, England. It is located 3.5 miles (5.6 km) north-east of Loughton, 4.6 miles (7.4 km) south of Harlow and 10.9 miles (17.5 km) north-west of Brentwood.
The town retains a rural appearance being surrounded by Epping Forest and working farmland, and has many very old buildings, many of which are Grade I and II listed buildings. The town also retains its weekly market which is held every Monday and dates back to 1253. In 2001 the parish had a population of 11,047 although this has increased marginally since then.
Epping has been twinned with the German town of Eppingen in north-west Baden-Württemberg since 1981. Although the once-famous Epping Butter, which was highly sought after in the 18th and 19th centuries, is no longer made, the equally well-known Epping sausages are still manufactured by Church's Butchers who have been trading on the same site since 1888.
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Ewell
Coordinates: 51°21′01″N 0°14′55″W / 51.3502°N 0.2486°W / 51.3502; -0.2486
Ewell ( /ˈjuːl/) is a village in the borough of Epsom and Ewell in Surrey, close to the southern boundary of Greater London. It is located 14 miles (22.5 km) south-south-west of Charing Cross and forms part of the suburbia that surrounds Greater London. Despite its growing population it is still referred to as a village by locals and largely maintains a rural character. Ewell is at the head of the Hogsmill river, a tributary of the River Thames, and the spring has likely been considered sacred dating back into pre-history.
Neighbouring towns and villages include Cheam, Chessington, Epsom, Tolworth, Stoneleigh and Worcester Park.
The name Ewell derives from Old English æwell, which means river source or spring. The old Roman road Stane Street deviates from a straight line slightly at Ewell in order to pass by the spring. Ewell is one of a number of settlements founded along the geological line between the chalk of the North Downs to the south, and the clay of the London Basin to the north. The A24 London Road runs from Merton to Ewell along the course of the Roman road, and Stane Street leaves Ewell connecting it towards Leatherhead and Dorking to the south-west. Bronze Age remains have also been found in Ewell and the Romans are likely to have encountered an existing religious site when they first arrived.
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Eythrope
Eythrope (previously Ethorp) is a hamlet and country house in the parish of Waddesdon, in Buckinghamshire, England. It is located to the south east of the main village of Waddesdon. It was bought in the 1870s by a branch of the Rothschild family, and belongs to them to this day.
The hamlet name is Anglo Saxon in origin, and means "island farm", referring to an island in the River Thame that flows by the hamlet. The medieval village of Eythrope is deserted and all that remains are some earthen banks and ditches on the eastern side of Eythrope Park.
There was a manor house at this hamlet as early as 1309, when it was the home of the Arch family. It was extended in 1610 by Sir William Dormer. By the late 18th century it became one of the homes of Philip Stanhope, 5th Earl of Chesterfield, though he rarely used it, and it became empty and desolate.
In 1875 the manor at Eythrope was bought by Alice de Rothschild for £180,000. She had been born in Frankfurt, the youngest of the seven children of Baron Anselm von Rothschild. She was the favourite child and inherited a large estate in Germany while still a minor. Orphaned young, she spent a lonely childhood living with various relations and eventually made her home with her widowed brother Baron Ferdinand de Rothschild. When he built his country house Waddesdon Manor, she moved in with him. They were both fastidious perfectionists, with strong wills. If she advised over the designs for Waddesdon, it is doubtful he heeded them. Hence in 1875 he encouraged her purchase of Eythrope perhaps to give them both a little space.
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Fairford Leys
Coordinates: 51°48′55″N 0°50′16″W / 51.8152°N 0.8379°W / 51.8152; -0.8379
Fairford Leys is a modern high density housing estate of 1,900 homes west of Aylesbury in Buckinghamshire, England. It has its own village centre with a number of traditionally fronted shops, a small supermarket, two restaurants, a nursery, an ecumenical church and a community centre. It also has a Health Club with swimming pool which was opened in October 2003. The civil parish for Fairford Leys is Coldharbour which is in Aylesbury Vale district.
The intention in planning the estate was to create an environment similar to that of a village, with architecture inspired by traditional Aylesbury housing styles and pastiche Victorian lamp posts and railings. The centre of the village is surrounded by the "city wall", a concept originating from the masterplanner John Simpson and inspired by mediaeval city walls, such as York. This consists of three and four storey townhouses and the main entrance to the centre is marked by two towers, loosely modelled on mediaeval gate towers.
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Farnham
Coordinates: 51°12′50″N 0°47′56″W / 51.214°N 0.799°W / 51.214; -0.799
Farnham is a town in Surrey, England, within the Borough of Waverley. The town is situated some 42 miles (67 km) southwest of London in the extreme west of Surrey, adjacent to the border with Hampshire. By road Guildford is 11 miles (17 km) to the east and Winchester 28 miles (45 km) to the southwest. Farnham is the largest town in Waverley, with a total resident population of 38,000 people. It is of historic interest, with many old buildings, including a number of Georgian houses. Farnham Castle overlooks the town. A short distance southeast of the town centre are the ruins of Waverley Abbey, Moor Park House and Mother Ludlam's Cave. Farnham is twinned with Andernach in Germany.
Farnham's history and present status are mainly the result of its geography; a combination of river, streams, fresh water springs and varied soils, together with a temperate climate, attracted early man to the area and, even today, the geology of the area greatly influences the town, both in terms of communications, scenic and botanic variety and the main local industries of agriculture and minerals extraction. Farnham Geological Society is an active organisation in the town, and the Museum of Farnham has a collection of geological samples and fossils.
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Fenny Stratford
Coordinates: 51°59′53″N 0°42′54″W / 51.998°N 0.715°W / 51.998; -0.715
Fenny Stratford is a constituent town of Milton Keynes, ceremonial county of Buckinghamshire, England and in the Civil Parish of Bletchley and Fenny Stratford. Originally an independent town, it was included in the Milton Keynes "designated area" area in 1967. From 1895 it formed an urban district with Bletchley, until 1974 when it became part of the borough of Milton Keynes (since 1997 a unitary authority). It is located at the south east edge of the city and is its gateway to northbound travellers on the A5.
The town name is an Old English language word that means 'marshy ford on a Roman road'. The Roman road in this case is the Watling Street. There are traces of the Roman settlement Magiovinium on the edge of the present day occupation. (Possibly the oldest known gold coin in Britain was found here, a gold stater of the mid-second century BCE). The town was recorded in manorial rolls in 1252 as Fenni Stratford, though previously it was just known as Stratford: the prefix being added to distinguish the town from nearby Stony Stratford.
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Fleet Marston
Coordinates: 51°50′31″N 0°52′34″W / 51.842°N 0.876°W / 51.842; -0.876
Fleet Marston is a civil parish and deserted medieval village in the Aylesbury Vale district of Buckinghamshire, England. It is to the west of Aylesbury. The main A41 between Aylesbury and Waddesdon runs through the middle of the parish.
The toponym "Marston" is derived from the Old English for "marsh farm". The prefix "Fleet" refers to a stream in the parish, and was added to distinguish the village from nearby North Marston. The Domesday Book of 1086 records the village as Mersetone. In the 13th century the village name was recorded as Flettemerstone.
There is evidence that there has been a church in Fleet Marston since at least 1223, although the main building appears to be of 14th century design. Existing church records date back to 1630. Some buildings in the village, including Fleet Marston Farm, date from the 17th century. Shortly after his ordination as deacon in 1725 John Wesley is known to have preached his first sermon at Fleet Marston. The manor referred to in the below entry stood near the church, and was demolished in 1772. In 1806 Magna Britannia described Fleet Marston as follows:
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Fleet, Hampshire
Coordinates: 51°17′00″N 0°50′44″W / 51.2834°N 0.8456°W / 51.2834; -0.8456
Fleet is a town and civil parish in the Hart district of Hampshire, England, located 37 miles (60 km) south west of London. It is part of Hart District. The 2007 population forecast for Fleet was 31,687. In 2011, Hart, of which Fleet is the main town, was voted the best place to live in the UK by the Halifax Quality of Life study, above areas such as Elmbridge in Surrey and Wokingham in Berkshire.
The site of Fleet was originally heathland in the northern part of the Crondall Hundred. The name Fleet was probably derived from the Norman French word La Flete meaning a stream or shallow water - a reference to the Fleet Pond from which fish had been taken for the monks in Winchester in Medieval times.
In 1792 the Basingstoke Canal opened. The canal passed through the town site, but apart from a few inns to serve the passing trade it had little effect on the locality. Apart from the Farnham to Reading road, the site remained largely undeveloped until the construction of the London and South Western Railway, which opened in 1840. In that year a church - Christ Church that was to become the heart of the new ecclesiastial parish of Ewshot and Crookham was built midway between the villages of Crookham and Ewshot. This parish included the area that was to become the town of Fleet. The railway company promoted Fleet Pond for a destination for day excurisons and many people came down from London to skate on the Pond during the winter. This attracted a number of gentry, particularly retired army officers, who moved to the area bounded by Fleet Road, Elvetham Road and Reading Road North and laid the foundations of what was to become known locally as "The Blue Triangle".
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France
France (Englishi/ˈfræns/ FRANSS or /ˈfrɑːns/ FRAHNSS; French: [fʁɑ̃s] (
listen)), officially the French Republic (French: République française [ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz]), is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is often referred to as l’Hexagone ("The Hexagon") because of the geometric shape of its territory. It is the largest western European country and it possesses the second-largest exclusive economic zone in the world, covering 11,035,000 km2 (4,260,000 sq mi), just behind that of the United States (11,351,000 km2 / 4,383,000 sq mi).
Over the past 500 years, France has been a major power with strong cultural, economic, military and political influence in Europe and around the world. During the 17th and 18th centuries, France colonised great parts of North America and Southeast Asia; during the 19th and early 20th centuries, France built the second largest colonial empire of the time, including large portions of North, West and Central Africa, Southeast Asia, and many Caribbean and Pacific Islands.
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Frays River
Frays River is a river in England that branches off the River Colne at Uxbridge Moor and rejoins it at West Drayton.
The Frays River leaves the River Colne between Uxbridge and Denham, Buckinghamshire at Denham Weir. It passes Cowley and Yiewsley where it is joined by the River Pinn. It is also crossed by the Slough Arm of the Grand Union Canal which is carried on an aqueduct. It rejoins the River Colne at West Drayton. Little Britain is a lake situated between the Frays River and the River Colne.
The Frays River is believed to be a man-made diversion of waters from the River Colne to feed watermills around Uxbridge. The name is originates from John Fray who owned Cowley Hall beside the river in the fifteenth century. Other names for the river are the Uxbridge and Cowley Mill Stream, the Cowley Stream or the Colham Mill Stream. In the 17th century the river powered five mills. Drayton Mill at West Drayton was mentioned in Domesday Book and was used for flour milling, paper-making and the manufacture of millboard. It ceased operation in about 1923.
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Gawcott
Coordinates: 51°58′52″N 1°00′36″W / 51.981°N 1.010°W / 51.981; -1.010
Gawcott is a village about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) southwest of Buckingham in Aylesbury Vale district in Buckinghamshire, England. The village is in the civil parish of Gawcott with Lenborough.
The toponym is derived from the Old English for "cottage for which rent is payable". The Domesday Book of 1086 records the village as Chauescote.
To the east of the village is Signal Hill, which was a former FCO/MI6 signals intelligence station.
Sir George Gilbert Scott, the architect of the Midland Grand Hotel at St Pancras railway station in London (and numerous other buildings), was born in Gawcott.
Media related to Gawcott at Wikimedia Commons
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Gillingham, Kent
Coordinates: 51°22′45″N 0°32′59″E / 51.3792°N 0.5498°E / 51.3792; 0.5498
Gillinghami/ˈdʒɪlɪŋəm/ is a town in the unitary authority of Medway in South East England. It is part of the ceremonial county of Kent. The town includes the settlements of Brompton, Hempstead, Wigmore, Parkwood ,Rainham, Rainham Mark and Twydall.
Gillingham means a homestead of Gylla's family, from Old English ham (village, homestead) and ingas (family, followers), and was first recorded in 10th century as Gyllingeham.
Also referred to in old texts as Jillyingham Water, hence the pronunciation being Gillingham (the G sounds as a "J" as in the girls' name Jill).
Gillingham became an urban district under the Local Government Act 1894, gaining municipal borough status in 1903. John Robert Featherby was the first mayor of the Borough of Gillingham. In 1928 Rainham was added to the Gillingham Borough. Under the Local Government Act 1972 it became a non-metropolitan district. It merged with the other Medway towns (in the City of Rochester-upon-Medway district) in 1998 under the 1990s UK local government reform, to become part of the Medway unitary authority.
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Godalming
Coordinates: 51°11′06″N 0°36′36″W / 51.185°N 0.61°W / 51.185; -0.61
Godalming ( /ˈɡɒdəlmɪŋ/) is a town and civil parish in the Waverley district of the county of Surrey, England, 7 kilometres (4 mi) south of Guildford. It is built on the banks of the River Wey and is a prosperous part of the London commuter belt. Godalming shares a three-way twinning arrangement with the towns of Joigny in France and Mayen in Germany. Friendship links are in place with the state of Georgia in the United States and the city of Moscow in Russia. James Oglethorpe of Godalming was the founder of the colony of Georgia.
The town has existed since Saxon times (see also Godalming (hundred)), and probably earlier. It is mentioned in the will of King Alfred the Great, and the name itself has Saxon origins, 'Godhelms Ingus' roughly translated as “the family of Godhelm”, and probably referring to one of the first lords of the manor.
Godalming grew in size because its location is roughly half-way between Portsmouth and London, which encouraged traders to set up stalls and inns for travellers to buy from and rest in.
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Granborough
Coordinates: 51°55′01″N 0°53′02″W / 51.917°N 0.884°W / 51.917; -0.884
Granborough (previously Grandborough) is a village and civil parish within Aylesbury Vale district in Buckinghamshire, England. It is located about five miles north of Waddesdon, seven miles south east of Buckingham. The nearest town is Winslow.
The village name is Anglo Saxon in origin, and means 'green hill'. In the Domesday Book of 1086 the village was recorded as Grenesberga.
Anciently the manor of Granborough was owned by the abbey at St Albans, though in the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1547 ownership passed automatically to the Crown.
The ancient parish church, dedicated to St John the Baptist, was demolished during the English Civil War, though was rebuilt shortly after the Restoration of the Monarchy in 1685.
The village is still one of the possessions of the Crown.
There is a public house, logically called the Crown. After the parish church the most interesting building is the neat half-timbered Arts and Crafts village hall. Granborough still has very many thatched cottages and houses, many of them in Green End, a hamlet attached to the village.
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Grand Union Canal
The Grand Union Canal in England is part of the British canal system. Its main line starts in London and ends in Birmingham, stretching for 137 miles (220 km) with 166 locks. It has arms to places including Leicester, Slough, Aylesbury, Wendover and Northampton.
The Grand Union Canal was also the original name for part of what is now part of the Leicester Line of the modern Grand Union: this latter is now generally referred to as the Old Grand Union Canal in order to avoid ambiguity.
With competition from the railways having taken a large share of traffic in the second half of the 19th century, improvements in roads and vehicle technology in the early part of the 20th century meant that the lorry was also becoming a threat to the canals. Tolls had been reduced to compete with the railways, but there was little scope for further reduction. The Regent's Canal and the Grand Junction Canal agreed that amalgamation and modernisation were the only way to remain competitive.
The (present) Grand Union Canal came into being on 1 January 1929, extended in 1932. It was formed from the amalgamation of several different canals:
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Gravesend, Kent
Coordinates: 51°26′29″N 0°22′07″E / 51.4415°N 0.3685°E / 51.4415; 0.3685
Gravesend is a town in northwest Kent, England, on the south bank of the Thames, opposite Tilbury in Essex. It is the administrative town of the Borough of Gravesham and, because of its geographical position, has always had an important role to play in the history and communications of this part of England. It still retains today a strong link with the river. The opening of the Eurostar railway station at Ebbsfleet, the arrival of the High Speed service at Gravesend station itself and the fact that it lies within the Thames Gateway, add to the town's importance.
The town was recorded as Gravesham in the Domesday Book in 1086 as belonging to Odo, Bishop of Bayeux: the name probably derived from "graaf-ham": the home of the Reeve, or Bailiff, of the Lord of the Manor. Another theory suggests that the name Gravesham may be a corruption of the words grafs-ham – a place "at the end of the grove". Frank Carr asserts that the name derives from the Saxon Gerevesend, the end of the authority of the Portreve, (originally Portgereve), the officer in charge of the town. The Domesday spelling is the only historical record; all other spellings – in the later (c1100) Domesday Monarchorum and in Textus Roffensis the town is Gravesend/Gravesende. Gravesham has however been adopted for the 1974 Borough title. Some of the locals believe, erroneously, that the name was born when the bodies of those who died from the plague in London were buried in the town in attempts to put an end to it. Hence the name Graves-end. This is clearly not the case as the plague was in 1665 – a full 500 years after the name Gravesend/Gravesende was referred to (see above).
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Grays
Coordinates: 51°28′21″N 0°19′29″E / 51.4724°N 0.3247°E / 51.4724; 0.3247
Grays (or Grays Thurrock) is the largest town in the borough and unitary authority of Thurrock in Essex and one of the Thurrock's traditional (Church of England) parishes. It is situated approximately 20 miles (32 km) to the east of London on the north bank of the River Thames, and near the M25 motorway.
Parts of Grays and Chafford Hundred are set within three Victorian chalk pits; the largest two being the Lion Gorge, and the Warren Gorge. Another area of the Chafford Hundred residential development is built on a Victorian landfill site.
Thurrock is a Saxon name meaning "the bottom of a ship". The element "Grays" comes from Henry de Grai, a descendant of the Norman knight Anchetil de Greye, who was granted the manor of Grays Thurrock 1195 by Richard I.
Nearest places:
Local sites of interest include the Thameside Theatre, the Thurrock History Museum, Grays Beach and the now-disused State Cinema (which was used as a location in the film Who Framed Roger Rabbit and for sections of Jamiroquai's video of "Deeper Underground" for the film Godzilla).
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Great Brickhill
Coordinates: 51°57′54″N 0°41′02″W / 51.965°N 0.684°W / 51.965; -0.684
Great Brickhill is a village and civil parish in Aylesbury Vale district, Buckinghamshire, England. It is in the very north of the non-metropolitan county, just outside and overlooking, Milton Keynes.
The village name is a compound of Brythonic and Anglo Saxon origins, which is a common occurrence in this part of the country. The Brythonic breg means 'hill', and the Anglo Saxon hyll also means 'hill'. In the Domesday Book of 1086 the village was recorded as Brichelle. The affix 'Great' was added in the 12th century to differentiate from nearby Bow Brickhill and Little Brickhill, though since that time Little Brickhill has far outgrown the other two.
Great Brickhill was described in 1806 in Magna Britannia as follows:
The Victoria History of the Counties of England provides substantially more detail on the manorial record, but does not mention the Beauchamps (apart from one mention of 'the wife of the Earl of Warwick').
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Great Horwood
Coordinates: 51°58′23″N 0°52′41″W / 51.973°N 0.878°W / 51.973; -0.878
Great Horwood is a small village and is also a civil parish within Aylesbury Vale district in Buckinghamshire, England with a population of about 1025 people (2001 Census). It is about five miles ESE of Buckingham, six miles WSW of Milton Keynes.
The village name 'Horwood' is Anglo Saxon in origin, and means 'muddy wood'. The affix 'Great' was added later to differentiate it from the adjacent village Little Horwood. In the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in 792 the village was recorded as Horwudu.
The village was from ancient times on the periphery of the Whaddon Chase: royal hunting land that stretched across the north part of the Aylesbury Vale. In 1447 the village was granted Royal charter to hold a weekly market, thus becoming a market town. The rents from the market were collected by New College, Oxford.
Great Horwood is no longer a market town.
A hamlet within the parish border of Great Horwood is Singleborough.
Both Great Horwood village itself and Singleborough have Conservation Areas and there are 46 Grade II listed buildings in the Parish.
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Great Missenden
Coordinates: 51°42′14″N 0°42′29″W / 51.704°N 0.708°W / 51.704; -0.708
Great Missenden is a large village in the Misbourne Valley in the Chiltern Hills in Buckinghamshire, England, situated between the towns of Amersham and Wendover. It closely adjoins the villages of Little Missenden and Prestwood. The narrow High Street is bypassed by the main A413 London to Aylesbury Road. The source of the Misbourne is to be found just north of the village, although the upper reach of the river runs only in winter and the perennial head is in Little Missenden. The village is now best known as home to the late Roald Dahl, the internationally famous children's author.
Great Missenden lay on a major route between the Midlands and London and several coaching inns, particularly the Red Lion (now an estate agency) and The George (which still exists) provided rest and refreshment for travellers and their horses. The first railway line in the area was, however, routed alongside the Grand Union Canal to the east. Once the coaches stopped running Great Missenden declined in importance and prosperity, becoming an agricultural village. Following the arrival of the Metropolitan Railway, (later the London Underground Metropolitan Line) in 1892, Great Missenden became a commuter village for London with writers, entertainers and even Prime Ministers among the passengers. Great Missenden railway station is now on the Chiltern Railways line and offers services running into London Marylebone.
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Greater London
Greater London is the top-level administrative division of England covering London. It was created in 1965 and spans the City of London and the 32 London boroughs. This territory has the same boundaries as the London Government Office Region and the London European Parliament constituency. The region has by far the highest GVA per capita in the United Kingdom. It covers 1,572 km2 (607 sq mi) and had a 2009 mid-year estimated population of 7,753,600. The term Greater London was in use before 1965 to refer to a variously defined area, larger than the County of London and often similar to the Metropolitan Police District.
In addition to its administrative and statistical functions, Greater London (excluding the City of London) is one of the 48 ceremonial counties of England, and is under the Greater London Lieutenancy.
Instead of forming a single political unit, London is divided into the small, interior City of London and the much wider Greater London. This arrangement has come about because as the area of London grew and absorbed neighbouring settlements, a series of administrative reforms did not fully amalgamate the City of London with the metropolitan area, and its unique political structure was retained. Outside the limited boundaries of the old city, a variety of arrangements governed the wider area since 1855, culminating with the creation of the Greater London administrative area in 1965.
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Grendon Underwood
Coordinates: 51°53′00″N 1°01′02″W / 51.8832°N 1.0173°W / 51.8832; -1.0173
Grendon Underwood is a village and civil parish in Aylesbury Vale district in Buckinghamshire, England. It is in the west of the county, close to the boundary with Oxfordshire and near the Roman road Akeman Street.
The toponym is derived from the Old English for 'green hill near a wood', though the 'Underwood' part of the name was only added in the medieval period to differentiate the village from nearby Long Crendon and to signify the village's position near the Bernwood Forest. The Domesday Book of 1086 records the village as Grennedone.
The manor of Grendon anciently belonged to the St Amand family. Almeric de St Amand of this family was one of the godfathers of King Edward I, who was baptised in 1239.
The Church of England parish church of Saint Leonard dates from the 12th or early 13th century. The village has a public house, The Swan. Grendon Underwood Combined School is a community school with about 280 pupils. The village has a village shop and The Grendon Garage.
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Guildford
Coordinates: 51°14′12″N 0°34′13″W / 51.236538°N 0.570309°W / 51.236538; -0.570309
Guildfordi/ˈɡɪlfərd/ is the county town of Surrey, England, as well as the seat for the borough of Guildford. It is situated 27 miles (43 km) southwest of London on the A3 trunk road mid-way between the capital and Portsmouth.
The town has Saxon roots, and likely owes its location to the existence of a gap in the North Downs where the River Wey is forded by the Harrow Way. The town grew enough in importance that by 978 it was home to the Royal Mint. With the building of the Wey Navigation and Basingstoke Canal Guildford was in the centre of a network of waterways that aided its prosperity.
The Guildford pub bombing by the Provisional IRA in 1974 killed five people including four off-duty soldiers from the local barracks. The subsequently arrested suspects became known as the Guildford Four.
It is believed that Guildford was founded by Saxon settlers shortly after Roman authority had been removed from Britain (which was c.410AD). The site was likely chosen because the Harrow Way (an ancient trackway that continues along Hog's Back) crosses the River Wey at this point, via a ford. This probably gives rise to the second half of Guildford's name. The root of the first part is gold rather than society or meeting place.[citation needed] The Saxon name would have been Gyldeford, meaning golden ford. It has been suggested[by whom?] that the gold may refer to golden flowers by the ford, or the golden sand, but this is not certain. There is an old coaching Inn on the Epsom Road previously called the 'Sanford Arms', which almost certainly derives from 'Sand Ford', so this adds weight to the suggestion that 'Guildford' is a corruption of 'Gold Ford', referring to the very distinctive golden sand showing on the banks of the River Wey where it cuts through the sandy outcrop just south of the town.[citation needed]
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Hadleigh, Essex
Coordinates: 51°33′13″N 0°36′34″E / 51.5535°N 0.6095°E / 51.5535; 0.6095
Hadleigh is a town in southeast Essex, England, on the A13 between Benfleet and Leigh-on-Sea with a population of about 18,300.
Hadleigh is known for its castle, and the country park that surrounds it. Most of the facing stones were stripped from the castle in the 16th century - the only bits still visible today being high inside the surviving towers and a small section on the 'gate house' - so most of what remains today is actually the rubble infill that was packed between the outer facing stones. Despite this the skeletal remains are pleasing to the eye and have been considered a romantic ruin for a few hundred years. John Constable painted Hadleigh Castle in 1829. The painting now belongs to the Yale Center for British Art, and is on permanent display in their museum on the Yale campus. Set at the top of a hill overlooking the Thames Estuary, the Canary Wharf development to the west can be seen when visibility is adequate. Another building of note is St. James the Less Church which was believed to be Norman but is now known to be Saxon because of its general dimensions, window alignments, Saxon Romanesque arches, pagan Saxon 'pudding stone' inclusions and the pagan Saxon 'fairy wheel' motif carved into the wall by the north door. The church remains picturesque despite the fact that it stands in the central reservation of the A13 road.
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Harlow
Harlow is a new town and local government district in Essex, England. It is located in the west of the county and on the border with Hertfordshire, on the Stort Valley, The town is near the M11 motorway and forms part of the London commuter belt.The district has a current population of 78,889 (2010 estimate).
There is some dispute as to where the placename Harlow derives from. One theory is that it derives from the Anglo-Saxon words 'here' and 'hlaw', meaning "army hill", probably to be identified with Mulberry Hill, which was used as the moot or meeting place for the district.
The other theory is that it derives from the words 'here' and 'hearg', meaning "temple hill/mound", probably to be identified with an Iron Age burial mound, later a Roman temple site on River Way.
The original village, mentioned in the Norman Domesday Book, developed as a typical rural community around what is now known as Old Harlow, with many of its buildings still standing.
The earliest deposits are of a Mesolithic (circa 10,000 BC) hunting camp excavated by Davey in Northbrooks in the 1970s(Unpublished) closely followed by the large and unexcavated deposits of Neolithic flint located at Gilden Way. These deposits are mostly known of due to the large numbers of surface bound worked flint ; indeed there is substanital amounts to speculate on organised working of flint in the area. Large amounts of debetage litter the area and tools found include Axeheads, hammers, blades, dowles and other boring tools and multipuprpose flints such as scrapers. An organised Field Walk in the late 1990s by Bartlett(Unpublished)indicates that most of the area, some 80 hectares, produces worked flint from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age with a smattering of Mesolithic ; so basically it indicates organised industry from 5000 BC to 2000 BC. Indeed the deposits are so large and dispersed that any major archaeological work in the area will have to take this into consideration before any ground work is started.
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Harpenden
Coordinates: 51°49′03″N 0°21′09″W / 51.8175°N 0.3524°W / 51.8175; -0.3524
Harpenden is a town in Hertfordshire, England.
The town's total population is just under 30,000.
There are two civil parishes: Harpenden and Harpenden Rural.
Harpenden railway station is on a frequent and fast rail link to central London now served by First Capital Connect, having been served previously by Thameslink. Some trains stop at 'all stations' on the route, others stop at St Albans before continuing non-stop to London St Pancras International (Harpenden to St Pancras International - 25 minutes). Trains run north to Luton and on to Bedford. From London, the trains continue south to Brighton via Gatwick, Sevenoaks or Wimbledon and Sutton. The rail link therefore gives direct access to London Luton Airport (one stop north) and London Gatwick Airport (approx 1hr 10 m on a limited stops train).
In common with much of the region, Harpenden is an area of extremely high property costs. Land Registry data suggests that the average house price in Harpenden in the 1st quarter of 2006 was £500,902 (against £287,277 for St Albans District generally, and £183,598 nationally). The data also indicates that an unusually high proportion of houses in Harpenden are owner occupied (81.4%, as opposed to 69.6% in the District generally, and 66.2% nationally).
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Hartwell
Hartwell is a village in central Buckinghamshire, England. It is to the south of Aylesbury, by the village of Stone.
The village name is Anglo Saxon in origin, and means "spring frequented by deer". In the Domesday Book of 1086 it was recorded as Herdeuuelle and Herdewelle.
The ruined Hartwell church was designed by the architect Henry Keene and completed in 1756. It is one of the most important early Gothic revival churches in England and is Grade II* listed. It has an octagonal centre with twin towers. In the north and south bays are rose windows, other windows are represented as ogee arches. In the clerestory are quatrefoil windows. Inside, the church once had a plaster fan vault but this has now fallen in, and the church's windows are boarded. Today the building appears more as a garden folly, than a former place of worship.
Attached to the estate is the former hamlet of Lower Hartwell.
Hartwell House in the village is a grade I listed building in a 90-acre park, part of the Hartwell Estate owned by the Ernest Cook Trust. The house was once the residence of the exiled future king of France Louis XVIII. Since 2008 it has been leased to the The National Trust and is run as a hotel by an independent company, Historic House Hotels Ltd.
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Haydon Hill
Coordinates: 51°49′34″N 0°50′43″W / 51.826050°N 0.845365°W / 51.826050; -0.845365
Haydon Hill is part of the town of Aylesbury, England. The neighbourhood is to the north of Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire. It occupies the area to the north of the town and to the west of the A41, Bicester Road.
The estate was built during the 1970s and 1980s as part of a major housing expansion.
Although mostly housing, Haydon Hill has a community centre on Dickens Way. It is a compact venue for smaller functions having a capacity for 100 people dancing and 50 people if seated. It has a small kitchen and access for people with disabilities.
The land is believed to have formerly been mainly farmland. The word ‘Haydon’ may mean ‘an enclosure’ or ‘a hedged in enclosure’, although the area has had the name written in variations such as 'Haydon', 'Heydon', 'Heyden' and 'Heydone'
The earliest record of any human activity in the area was found in 1978 when the estate was under construction. A large amount of pottery, three pieces of burned bone and a fragment of a bronze ligula (small Roman spoon ) were found in the spoil cast up from a pipe trench being laid. The Ligula and pottery dates from the early Iron Age to 5th century Roman.
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Haywards Heath
Coordinates: 51°00′17″N 0°05′52″W / 51.0048°N 0.0979°W / 51.0048; -0.0979
Haywards Heath is a town in the Mid Sussex District of West Sussex, within the historic county of Sussex, England. It lies 36 miles (58 km) south of London, 12 miles (19 km) north of Brighton, 15 miles (24 km) south of Gatwick Airport and 31 miles (50 km) east northeast of the county town of Chichester. Nearby towns include Burgess Hill to the southwest, Horsham to the northwest, Crawley north-northwest and East Grinstead north-northeast. Being a commuter town, many of the residents commute daily via rail to London, Brighton, Crawley or Gatwick for work.
The name Hayward comes from Old English meaning an official who protected hedged enclosures from wandering livestock. There is a local legend that the name comes from a highwayman who went under the name of Jack but this is almost definitely apocryphal.
Haywards Heath gets a mention in English Civil War records. Early in December 1642 the High Sheriff of Sussex (Sir Edward Ford) advanced with Royalist troops towards Lewes in East Sussex from Chichester in West Sussex. He was intercepted in Haywards Heath by local Parliamentarians and defeated. Haywards Heath as a settlement is a relatively modern development. Following the arrival of the London & Brighton Railway in 1841, its size has increased considerably. Haywards Heath railway station opened on 12 July 1841 and served as the southern terminus of the line until the completion of Brighton station on 21 September. The position of Haywards Heath, and its place on both this railway and near the main road (A23) between London and Brighton, enables it to function as a commuter town, with many residents working in London, Brighton, Crawley and Gatwick Airport.
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Hemel Hempstead
Coordinates: 51°45′09″N 0°28′09″W / 51.7526°N 0.4692°W / 51.7526; -0.4692
Hemel Hempstead is a town in Hertfordshire in the East of England, 24 miles (38.6 km) to the north west of London and part of the Greater London Urban Area. The population at the 2001 Census was 81,143 (but now estimated at around 89,000 by Hertfordshire County Council).
Developed after World War II as a new town, it has existed as a settlement since the 8th century and was granted its town charter by King Henry VIII in 1539. It is part of the district (and borough since 1984) of Dacorum and the Hemel Hempstead constituency.
The settlement was called by the name Henamsted or Hean-Hempsted, i.e. High Hempstead, in Anglo-Saxon times and in William the Conqueror's time by the name of Hemel-Amstede. The name is referred to in the Domesday Book as "Hamelamesede", but in later centuries it became Hamelhamsted. In Old English, "-stead" or "-stede" simply meant a place, such as the site of a building or pasture, as in clearing in the woods, and this suffix is used in the names of other English places such as Hamstead and Berkhamsted.
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Hertford
Coordinates: 51°47′42″N 0°04′41″W / 51.795°N 0.078°W / 51.795; -0.078
Hertford ( /ˈhɑrtfərd/ or /ˈhɑrfərd/) is the county town of Hertfordshire, England, and is also a civil parish in the East Hertfordshire district of the county. Forming a civil parish, the 2001 census put the population of Hertford at about 24,180. Recent estimates are that it is now around 28,000[citation needed]. The name is Anglo Saxon and means the ford frequented by harts or stags.
Hertford has been the county town of Hertfordshire since Saxon times when it was governed by the king's reeves. By the 13th century, these had been replaced by a bailiff, elected by the burgesses. Charters of 1554 and 1589 established a common council of eleven chief burgesses and a bailiff. Another charter of 1605 changed the bailiff's title to mayor. In 1835, Hertford became a Municipal Corporation; the ratepayers elected twelve councillors, who chose four aldermen, aldermen and councillors composing the council. This body elected the mayor.
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Hertfordshire
Hertfordshire (i/ˈhɑrtfərdʃɪər/ or /ˈhɑrfərdʃər/; abbreviated Herts) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in the East region of England. The county town is Hertford.
Hertfordshire is one of the home counties and lies inland, bordered by Greater London (to the south), Buckinghamshire (to the west), Bedfordshire (including the unitary authorities of Luton and Central Bedfordshire to the north), Cambridgeshire (to the north east) and Essex (to the east).
Hertfordshire was originally the area assigned to a fortress constructed at Hertford under the rule of Edward the Elder in 913. The name Hertford is derived from the Anglo-Saxon heort ford, meaning deer crossing (of a watercourse). The name Hertfordshire first appears in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in 1011. Deer feature prominently in many county emblems.
There is evidence of human beings living in Hertfordshire since the Middle Stone Age. It was first farmed during the Neolithic period and permanent habitation appeared at the beginning of the Bronze Age. This was followed by tribes settling in the area during the Iron Age.
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High Wycombe
Coordinates: 51°37′43″N 0°44′54″W / 51.628661°N 0.748238°W / 51.628661; -0.748238
High Wycombe ( /ˌhaɪ ˈwɪkəm/), commonly known as Wycombe and formally called Chepping Wycombe or Chipping Wycombe until 1946, is a large town in Buckinghamshire, England. It is 29 miles (47 km) west-north-west of Charing Cross in London; this information is also engraved on the Corn Market building in the centre of the town. According to the 2001 census High Wycombe had a population of 92,300, making it the largest town in the non-metropolitan county of Buckinghamshire now that the Borough of Milton Keynes is a unitary authority area, and the second largest in the ceremonial county. The High Wycombe Urban Area, the conurbation of which the town is the largest component has a population of 118,219.
High Wycombe is mostly an unparished area in the Wycombe district. Part of the urban area constitutes a civil parish of Chepping Wycombe, which had a population of 14,455 according to the 2001 census – this parish represents that part of the ancient parish of Chepping Wycombe which was outside the former municipal borough of Wycombe.
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Hillesden
Coordinates: 51°57′30″N 1°00′17″W / 51.9582°N 1.0046°W / 51.9582; -1.0046
Hillesden is a village and is also a civil parish within Aylesbury Vale district in Buckinghamshire, England. It is in the very north of the county, about four miles south of Buckingham.
The village name is Anglo Saxon in origin, and means 'Hild's hill'. In the Domesday Book of 1086 the village was recorded as Ilesdone, though earlier it had been referred to as Hildesdun.
Hillesden is split up into three areas; Church End, The Orchard and The Barracks. Church End is situated at the top of the hill and surrounds the church. The Orchard consists of Orchard Cottages and Orchard View, whilst The Baracks are situated across from Great Ground.
Hillesden was the home of the Denton family. During the English Civil War the manor house at Hillesden, was owned by Sir Alexander Denton, Member of Parliament for Buckingham. Denton was a Royalist and his house at Hillesden became a focal point in the conflict. In January 1644 Parliamentary forces occupied Hillesden House but they were ejected. In early February Colonel William Smith garrisoned Hillesden House with about 260 men to support the King at Oxford. The house was occupied by many of the Denton family and some of the Verney family and Sir Alexander also arrived at the house by chance. A force of over 2000 men under Oliver Cromwell and Samuel Luke laid siege to the house at the beginning of March. After the surrender Smith and Denton were taken prisoner and moved to the Tower of London, while the house was destroyed and the family beggared. Denton died a prisoner on New Years Day 1645. The medieval church, built in 1493 was saved from the ravages of war, however, and remains to this day along with Cavalier bullet holes in its door.
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Hitchin
Coordinates: 51°56′49″N 0°16′59″W / 51.947°N 0.283°W / 51.947; -0.283
Hitchin is a market town in Hertfordshire, England, with an estimated population of 30,360.
Hitchin is first noted as the central place of the Hicce people mentioned in a 7th century document, the Tribal Hidage. The tribal name is Brittonic rather than Old English and derives from *siccā, meaning 'dry', which is perhaps a reference to the local stream, the Hiz. It has been suggested that Hitchin was the location of Clofeshoh, the place chosen in 673 by Archbishop Theodore of Tarsus during the Synod of Hertford, the first nationwide meeting of representatives of the fledgling Catholic churches of Anglo-Saxon England, to hold annual synods of the churches as Theodore attempted to consolidate and centralise Catholicism in England. By 1086 Hitchin is described as a Royal Manor in the Domesday Book: the feudal services of Avera and Inward, usually found in the eastern counties, especially Cambridgeshire and Hertfordshire, were due from the sokemen, but the manor of Hitchin was unique in levying Inward. Evidence has been found to suggest that the town was once provided with an earthen bank and ditch fortification, probably in the early tenth century but this did not last. The modern spelling 'Hitchin' first appears in 1618 in the "Hertfordshire Feet of Fines".
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Hoddesdon
Coordinates: 51°45′32″N 0°00′54″W / 51.759°N 0.015°W / 51.759; -0.015
Hoddesdon is a town in the English county of Hertfordshire, situated in the Lea Valley. The town grew up as a coaching stop on the route between Cambridge and London. It is located 4 miles (6.4 km) southeast of Hertford, 5 miles (8.0 km) north of Waltham Cross and 11 miles (18 km) southwest of Bishop's Stortford. At its height during the 18th century, more than 35 coaches a day would pass through the town. It saw a boom in the mid 20th century as gravel was extracted from the area to be exhausted by the 1970s. The lakes and water pits left behind have been used for local leisure amenities. Today, Hoddesdon has a little light industry but is mainly a London commuter belt town. The town hosted the eighth Congres Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne in 1951. It is twinned with the Belgian city of Dinant.
The Prime Meridian passes just to the east of Hoddesdon.
The town is served by Rye House railway station and nearby Broxbourne railway station.
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Hoggeston
Coordinates: 51°55′05″N 0°49′33″W / 51.9180°N 0.8259°W / 51.9180; -0.8259
Hoggeston is a village and is also a civil parish within the Aylesbury Vale district in Buckinghamshire, England. It is about two and a half miles south east of Winslow.
The village name is Anglo Saxon in origin, and means 'Hogg's farm' ('Hogg' being someone's name). In the Domesday Book of 1086 it was recorded as Hochestone.
The village was once granted (in 1314) a Royal charter to hold a market once a week, though this has long since been discontinued.
The parish church is dedicated to the Holy Cross. The church, which from the exterior appears all of one period, has a 16th century weatherboarded bell turret (containing 3 Change ringing Bells and a Sanctus bell) over the north aisle. The origins of the church are 13th century. There are 14th century additions, and some Perpendicular windows of the same era. The stained glass east window was designed by Sir Niniam Comper in 1949. Anciently there was a fair in the village every year on the feast day of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross (commonly called Holyrood Day). The wrought iron gate, made in the 1970s, to the church yard depicts a stag, the crest of the Micklem family, who resided at Maines Hill, a house just outside the confines of the village.
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Hogshaw
Coordinates: 51°53′52″N 0°55′08″W / 51.8977°N 0.9190°W / 51.8977; -0.9190
Hogshaw is a civil parish within Aylesbury Vale district in Buckinghamshire, England. It comprises the two ancient villages of Hogshaw and Fulbrook, though neither exist in their entirety any more. It is in the Aylesbury Vale, between East Claydon and Quainton.
The village name 'Hogshaw' is Anglo Saxon in origin, and means 'Hogg's brook' (where 'Hogg' is someone's personal name). In the Domesday Book of 1086 it was recorded as Hoggsceaga. The village name 'Fulbrook' is also Anglo Saxon, and means 'foul brook'. In the Domesday Book it was recorded as Fulebroc.
Anciently the parish was in the possession of the Knights Templar and, when that order was abolished, the Knights Hospitaller. It began as the Hogshaw Nunnery and then became the Hogshaw Commandery in the 15th century. However, in the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1547, the parish was seized by the Crown. It was after this time that the villages become depopulated. It was in 1720 that the church was officially depopulated for financial reasons, and the remaining villagers forced to worship at East Claydon. The church was demolished shortly after.
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Hollingdon
Coordinates: 51°56′11″N 0°43′06″W / 51.9363°N 0.7183°W / 51.9363; -0.7183
Soulbury is a village and also a civil parish within Aylesbury Vale district in Buckinghamshire, England. It is located in the Aylesbury Vale, about three miles south of the Milton Keynes urban area, three miles north of Wing. The village name is Anglo Saxon in origin, and means 'stronghold in a gully'. In the Domesday Book of 1086 the village was recorded as Soleberie.
The parish contains the hamlets of :
The parish extends as far as Rammamere Farm on Watling Street. Rammamere Heath is managed with King's Wood in Heath and Reach as a nature reserve.
A 17th century mansion Liscombe Park, originally the seat of the Lovett Family was rebuilt in the 1920s by the Bonsor Family who live there today. The house is built of brick with small turrets and crennelations, in the style of an 18th century pseudo gothic castle. The interiors are a mixture of panelling and some 18th century styles. Near to the house is the former much older chapel, this today has been converted to a billiards room. The house is not open to the public, but the gardens are sometimes used for fairs and fetes.
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Honeyburge
Coordinates: 51°48′50″N 1°05′53″W / 51.814°N 1.098°W / 51.814; -1.098
Honeyburge is a hamlet in the civil parish of Boarstall in Buckinghamshire, England. The hamlet is on Dane's Brook next to Boarstall Wood. Honeyburge is less than 0.5 miles (800 m) south of Boarstall village and about 6 miles (10 km) south of the market town of Bicester in neighbouring Oxfordshire.
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Horley
Coordinates: 51°10′25″N 0°10′20″W / 51.1736°N 0.1721°W / 51.1736; -0.1721
Horley is a town in Surrey, England, situated south of the twin towns of Reigate and Redhill, and north of Gatwick Airport and Crawley.
With fast links by train to London from Horley railway station, it has grown popular with commuters in recent years. The Horley Master Plan, which was approved by Reigate & Banstead Borough Council in February 2005, will see almost 2,600 new homes, built by Wates and Martin Grant Homes. This has caused much controversy as the area as with most of non-metropolitan Surrey, i.e. since its reduction in 1974, is green-belt and any development had to be in pursuant to such a local plan, sustainable, and various requirements protecting character of existing localities.
In the past the Weald was a densely forested and marshy area. During Saxon times, the Manor of Horley came under the control of the Benedictine Abbey of St Peter at Chertsey. The Manor passed to Henry VIII on the dissolution of the monasteries in 1539 and changed hands several times during the next sixty years.
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Horsham
Coordinates: 51°03′43″N 0°19′30″W / 51.062°N 0.325°W / 51.062; -0.325
Horsham is a market town with a population of 55,657 (2008)[citation needed] on the upper reaches of the River Arun in the centre of the Weald, West Sussex, in the historic County of Sussex, England. The town is 31 miles (50 km) south south-west of London, 18.5 miles (30 km) north-west of Brighton and 26 miles (42 km) north-east of the county town of Chichester. Nearby towns include Crawley to the north-east and Haywards Heath and Burgess Hill to the south-east. It is the administrative and market centre of Horsham District Council area.
The first historical record of Horsham is from AD 947. The name either originates from "Horse Ham", meaning a place where horses were kept, or "Horsa's Ham", named for a Saxon warrior who was granted land in the area.
The town has historically been known for horse trading in early medieval times, iron and brick making up until the 20th century, and brewing more recently.
Horsham is the largest town in the Horsham District Council area. The second tier of local government is by West Sussex County Council, based in Chichester. In addition there are various Parish Councils.
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Houghton Regis
Coordinates: 51°54′14″N 0°31′29″W / 51.9039°N 0.5247°W / 51.9039; -0.5247
Houghton Regis ( /ˈhaʊtən ˈriːdʒɨz/) is a town and civil parish sandwiched between the major towns of Luton to the east and Dunstable to the west. The parish includes the ancient hamlets of Bidwell, Thorn and Sewell. Houghton Regis, along with its near neighbours of Dunstable and Luton form the Luton/Dunstable Urban Area, with a population over 230,000.
Relics of Palæolithic man, such as flint implements and the bones of contemporary wild animals, suggest prehistoric settlement. At Maiden Bower within Houghton Regis CP, near Sewell, there is an Iron Age hill fort. This is clearly marked on the Ordnance Survey maps.
Maiden Bower has some of the ramparts showing through the edge of an old chalk quarry where there are Bronze Age remains of an older Fort. According to W.H. Matthews (Mazes and Labyrinths, 1922), a turf maze once existed at "Maiden Bower".
Houghton Regis is considerably older than Dunstable, and it is mentioned in the Domesday Book when it was called Houstone. At the time of the Domesday Survey a great part of what is now Dunstable was included in Houghton parish. When Henry I founded Dunstable he gave in compensation to the men of Houghton a wood called Buckwood. . At that time it paid in tax the large amount of three pounds by weight and twenty shillings of blanch silver (to the King) and one ounce of gold for the Sheriff..
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HP postcode area
Coordinates: 51°43′23″N 0°41′17″W / 51.723°N 0.688°W / 51.723; -0.688
The HP postcode area, also known as the Hemel Hempstead postcode area, is a group of twenty-four postcode districts in north west Hertfordshire and East Buckinghamshire.
The main sorting office is in Hemel Hempstead (Park Lane HP1) and the area served includes parts of the Dacorum, Aylesbury Vale, Chiltern, South Buckinghamshire and Wycombe districts.
The approximate coverage of the postcode districts:
Clockwise from the east, the adjacent postcode areas are: AL (St Albans), WD (Watford), SL (Slough), RG (Reading), OX (Oxford), MK (Milton Keynes), LU (Luton).
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Hulcott
Coordinates: 51°50′35″N 0°45′50″W / 51.843°N 0.764°W / 51.843; -0.764
Hulcott is a village and civil parish in Aylesbury Vale district in Buckinghamshire, England. It is north of Aylesbury, off the road that runs between Bierton and Rowsham.
The village toponym is derived from the Old English for "hovel-like cottage". In the manorial records of 1200 it was recorded as Hoccote.
The manor at Hulcott has, for a long time, been part of the manorial district of Aylesbury. In the Domesday Book of 1086 the village's returns were included with those of the nearby town and as such are indistinguishable from them. It is, however, a separate civil parish.
The village is arranged around a traditional village green. In recent times the main A418 road has been rerouted so that it no longer runs through the village. Recently a new golf club opened on land adjacent to the village.
The Church of England parish church of All Saints has an early 14th century chancel arch.
Media related to Hulcott at Wikimedia Commons
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Ickford
Coordinates: 51°45′36″N 1°03′32″W / 51.760°N 1.059°W / 51.760; -1.059
Ickford is a village and civil parish in the Aylesbury Vale district of Buckinghamshire, England. It is on the boundary with Oxfordshire, about 4 miles (6.4 km) west of the market town of Thame.
The River Thame forms both the southern boundary of the parish and Ickford's part of the county boundary with Oxfordshire. A stream that is a tributary of the Thame bounds the parish to the west and north.
The village toponym is derived from Old English meaning "Icca's ford". The Domesday Book of 1086 records it as Iforde. From the 12th to the 14th centuries it evolved through Ycford, Hicford, Hitford, Ikeford and Ickeforde before later reaching its present form.
The Domesday Book records that Miles Crispin held four hides of land at Ickford. Crispin was linked with Wallingford Castle, and through him the manor of Ickford became part of the Honour of Wallingford. In the 13th century the Appleton family were the lower lords of this manor. It is not recorded who held this manor before the Norman Conquest of England.
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Ivinghoe
Coordinates: 51°50′11″N 0°37′34″W / 51.836384°N 0.626118°W / 51.836384; -0.626118
Ivinghoe is a village and civil parish within Aylesbury Vale district in Buckinghamshire, England, close to the border with Hertfordshire and Bedfordshire. It is four miles north of Tring and six miles south of Leighton Buzzard, close to the village of Pitstone.
The village name is Anglo-Saxon in origin, and means 'Ifa's hill-spur'. In the Domesday Book of 1086 it was recorded as Evinghehou. Ivinghoe is also an important point on the Icknield Way, joining the Upper Icknield and Lower Icknield together. The Icknield way is claimed to be the oldest road in Britain, and dates back centuries.
The large church dates from 1220 but was set on fire in 1234 in an act of spite against the local Bishop. The church was rebuilt in 1241.
For a village Ivinghoe has an unusual feature: a town hall, rather than a village hall. The village has some fine examples of Tudor architecture, particularly around the village green.
Ivinghoe Beacon, near the village, is an ancient beacon, or signal point, which was used in times of crisis to send messages across the country and is now popular with walkers who just want to get exercise and see the view. It used to be used as a site for flying model aeroplanes but has been forbidden due to accidents. The hill is the site of an early Iron age hillfort which during excavations in the 1960s was identified from bronzework finds to date back to the Bronze-Iron transition period between 800-700 BC. Like many other similar hillforts in the Chilterns it is thought to have been occupied for only a short period, possibly less than one generation.
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Jamaica
Coordinates: 18°10′57″N 77°19′18″W / 18.1823878°N 77.3217773°W / 18.1823878; -77.3217773
Jamaica (
i/dʒəˈmeɪkə/), officially the Commonwealth of Jamaica, is an island nation of the Greater Antilles, 234 kilometres (145 mi) in length, up to 80 kilometres (50 mi) in width, and 10,990 square kilometres (4,240 sq mi) in area. It is situated in the Caribbean Sea, about 145 kilometres (90 mi) south of Cuba, and 191 kilometres (119 mi) west of Hispaniola, the island harbouring the nation-states of Haiti and the Dominican Republic. The indigenous Arawakan-speaking Taíno name for the island was Xaymaca, meaning the "Land of Wood and Water" or the "Land of Springs".
Once a Spanish possession known as Santiago, it became an English colony in 1655 under the name "Jamaica". It achieved full independence from Britain on August 6, 1962. With 2.8 million people, it is the third most populous anglophone country in the Americas, after the United States and Canada. It remains a Commonwealth realm in concert with the Monarchy of Jamaica holding ultimate executive power, where Queen Elizabeth II is the current head of state and Queen of Jamaica.Kingston is the country's largest city and the capital.
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Jubilee River
The Jubilee River is a hydraulic channel in southern England. It is 11.6 km (7.2 mi) in length and is on average 45 metres (148 ft) wide. It was constructed in the late 1990s and early 2000s to take overflow from the River Thames and so alleviate flooding to areas in and around the towns of Maidenhead, Windsor, and Eton in the counties of Berkshire and Buckinghamshire. It achieves this by taking water from the left bank of the Thames upstream of Boulter's Lock near Maidenhead and returning it downstream of Eton.
The Environment Agency commissioned the design and construction of the river which cost £110 million. When it was formed, the channel was the largest man-made river project ever undertaken in Britain, and the second largest in Europe. As well as creating the channel and its various flow control mechanisms, the scheme involved constructing many bridges for road, rail and foot traffic. One of these, Dorney Bridge, took the channel through a 19th century Brunel railway embankment while it continued to carry main line trains between London and Bristol. This delicate work on infrastructure considerably more than a century old involved freezing the embankment, boring through it and then inserting a preformed concrete culvert.
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Kent
Kent /ˈkɛnt/ is a county in South East England, and one of the home counties. It borders East Sussex, Surrey and Greater London and has a defined boundary with Essex in the middle of the Thames Estuary. The ceremonial county boundaries of Kent include the shire county of Kent and the unitary borough of Medway. Kent has a nominal border with France halfway through the Channel Tunnel. Maidstone is its county town and historically Rochester and Canterbury have been accorded city status, though only the latter still holds it.
Kent's location between London and the continental Europe has led to its being in the front line of several conflicts, including the Battle of Britain during World War II. East Kent was known as Hell Fire Corner during the conflict. England has relied on the county's ports to provide warships through much of the past 800 years; the Cinque Ports in the 12th–14th centuries and Chatham Dockyard in the 16th–20th centuries were of particular importance to the country's security. France can be seen clearly in fine weather from Folkestone, and the iconic White Cliffs of Dover.
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Kingsey
Coordinates: 51°45′14″N 0°55′34″W / 51.754°N 0.926°W / 51.754; -0.926
Kingsey is a small village and civil parish in Aylesbury Vale district in Buckinghamshire, England. It is near the boundary with Oxfordshire, about two miles east of Thame and a mile south of Haddenham.
The village toponym is of 12th century origin and means 'king's island', referring to a piece of dry land that belonged to the king in the marshes that were once common in this part of the country. In 1174 the village was called Eya, meaning 'island', though by 1192 it had gained its more modern name of Kingesie. This leads historians to believe that the village is named after King Richard I of England.
Kingsey was transferred to Buckinghamshire from Oxfordshire in 1933, effectively being swapped for Towersey.
Historically people from this village and those surrounding it were known by the derogatory term 'wetfeet', because of the high water table of the area leading to the ground being so waterlogged.
Grade 1 listed Tythrop Park in Kingsey is listed as having an early duck decoy similar to that in Boarstall Duck Decoy in Buckinghamshire. (Location map)
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Knaphill
Coordinates: 51°19′09″N 0°37′00″W / 51.319149°N 0.61663°W / 51.319149; -0.61663
Knaphill is an urban village in Surrey, UK. To the east is Woking, to the west, eventually, is Aldershot, while to the south and north on the A322 – which forms its effective western border – are Brookwood, and Bisley, respectively. Some of the village is set on a hill, hence the name.
The village name was first recorded in 1225 as La Cnappe. Since then there has been various spellings of the name including 'Nap Hill, Naphill and Knap Hill.
In 958 A.D., the village was probably part of land granted to Westminster Abbey; there is clear ownership by 1278. The land passed to Henry VIII on the dissolution of the monasteries in the 1530s.
The Basingstoke Canal was built to the south of Knaphill in 1794 and the railway line came in 1838. In 1859, a prison was built in Knaphill. This was later converted into army barracks.
Knaphill is also the home to three schools: Knaphill Lower School, Knaphill Junior School and St John's Primary School. Furthermore Peer Productions, a large theatre company, is based at the Woking Youth Arts Centre in Knaphill. It provides dramatic education for students of all ages.
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Ledburn
Ledburn is a hamlet in the parish of Mentmore, in Buckinghamshire, England. The name Ledburn is Anglo Saxon in origin, and means "stream with a conduit". In manorial records of 1212 it was recorded as "Leteburn".
The hamlet consists of two roads with a mixture of Victorian cottages and modern houses, a public house (The Hare), two 16th century farm houses and a manor house. Ledburn Manor was built in the 16th century, and in the early 18th century it was given a new front facade in the classical style.
During the 19th and 20th century, the hamlet was owned by Baron Mayer de Rothschild and, by inheritance, became part of the Earl of Rosebery's Mentmore estate. The manor house at that time served as the estate office and home of the resident Land Agent. A tiny Methodist chapel in the hamlet has recently been converted to a private house.
The agricultural land in the village, having passed out of the Rothschild's ownership in the 20th century, is now back in the family's ownership, and is part of Sir Evelyn de Rothschild's Ascott Estate.
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Leighton Buzzard
Coordinates: 51°54′59″N 0°39′42″W / 51.9165°N 0.6617°W / 51.9165; -0.6617
Leighton Buzzard is a town in Bedfordshire, England near the Chiltern Hills and lying between Luton and Milton Keynes. It adjoins Linslade and the name Leighton Buzzard is sometimes used to refer to the combination of the two towns; parts of this article also apply to Linslade as well as Leedon.
For local government purposes, the town is part of the Central Bedfordshire district and is administered jointly with Linslade as the civil parish of Leighton-Linslade.
There are a number of theories concerning the derivation of the town's name, but the most likely is that "Leighton" came from Old English language Lēah-tūn, meaning 'farm in a clearing in the woods'. The "Buzzard" was added by the Dean of Lincoln, in whose diocese the town lay in the 12th century. Having two communities called "Leighton" and seeking some means of differentiating them, he added the name of his local Prebendary or representative to that of the town. At that time it was a Theobald de Busar and so over the years the town became known as Leighton Buzzard. The other Leighton became Leighton Bromswold.
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Lenborough
Coordinates: 51°58′37″N 0°58′52″W / 51.977°N 0.981°W / 51.977; -0.981 Lenborough is a hamlet in the parish of Buckingham next to Gawcott, in Buckinghamshire, England. It consists mainly of barn conversions and farm houses and connects onto the back of the Buckingham Industrial Estate.
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Letchworth
Coordinates: 51°58′41″N 0°13′48″W / 51.978°N 0.230°W / 51.978; -0.230
Letchworth, correctly titled Letchworth Garden City, is a town and civil parish in Hertfordshire, England with a population of 33,600.
The town's name is taken from one of the three villages it surrounded (the other two being Willian and Norton) - all of which featured in the Domesday Book. The land used was purchased by Quakers who had intended to farm the area and build a Quaker community. The current town was laid out by Ebenezer Howard in 1903 using his radical new garden city approach which incorporated elements of the country, alongside city life. Mocked in the press at the time, the design was supported by the Arts and Crafts movement and the Quakers.
As one of the world's first new towns and the first 'Garden city' it had great influence on future town planning and the New Towns movement; it influenced Welwyn Garden City, which used a similar approach and inspired other projects around the world including Canberra, the Australian capital, Hellerau, Germany, small village of Tapanila, Finland, and Mežaparks in Latvia), .
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Lillingstone Dayrell
See also: - Lillingstone Lovell
Coordinates: 52°02′58″N 0°58′43″W / 52.0494°N 0.9787°W / 52.0494; -0.9787
Lillingstone Dayrell is a village in Buckinghamshire, England. It is in Aylesbury Vale, about three and a half miles north of Buckingham, eight miles west of Milton Keynes and five miles south of Towcester. Lillingstone Dayrell with Luffield Abbey and the neighbouring hamlet of Lillingstone Lovell are separate civil parishes within Aylesbury Vale district.
The village name 'Lillingstone' is Anglo Saxon in origin, and means 'Lytel's boundary stone', referring to the proximity of both places to the border with Northamptonshire. In the Domesday Book of 1086 both settlements were recorded jointly as Lillingestan though already at that time there were two manors owned respectively by the Dayrell and Lovell families. The suffix 'Dayrell' (as 'Dayerell') was first recorded in the fourteenth century.
The parish church of Lillingstone Dayrell is dedicated to St Nicholas of Myra.
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Lillingstone Lovell
Coordinates: 52°03′29″N 0°57′40″W / 52.058°N 0.961°W / 52.058; -0.961
Lillingstone Lovell is a village and civil parish about 4 miles (6.4 km) miles north of Buckingham in Aylesbury Vale the district of Buckinghamshire. The parish adjoins the Northamptonshire boundary and is about 5 miles (8.0 km) south of Towcester in that county. Lillingstone Lovell is about 8 miles (13 km) west of Milton Keynes. The parish adjoins that of Lillingstone Dayrell with Luffield Abbey.
The toponym "Lillingstone" is derived from the Old English for "Lytel's boundary stone", referring to the proximity of both places to the Northamptonshire boundary. At the time of the Domesday Book in 1086 both settlements were recorded jointly as Lillingestan though already at that time there were two manors owned respectively by the Dayrell and Lovell families. During the 13th century Lillingstone Lovell was known as Lillingstone Magna distinguishing it from its neighbour sometimes recorded as Lillingstone Parva. This is believed to refer more to administrative ascendancy rather than territorial size.
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Little Horwood
Coordinates: 51°58′05″N 0°51′00″W / 51.968°N 0.850°W / 51.968; -0.850
Little Horwood is a village and civil parish in the Aylesbury Vale district of Buckinghamshire, England. The village is about four miles ESE of Buckingham and two miles north east of Winslow.
The village toponym 'Horwood' is derived from the Old English for "dirty or muddy wood". The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle of 792 records the village as Horwudu.
The Church of England parish church of Saint Nicholas has a Perpendicular Gothic belltower built of large blocks of ashlar, the remainder of the church externally dates from the restoration of 1889 by the architect James Piers St Aubyn. This architect's work is not always viewed kindly today. His Victorian Gothicisation of so many churches and houses has been described in terms ranging from vandalism to ruthless. Little Horwood church was lucky as the interior survived relatively unscathed and the early 16th century wall paintings depicting the seven deadly sins survived as did the Jacobean pulpit and the Decorated Gothic chancel arch. The Tower has a ring of five bells with a tenor of 9cwt 2qtrs 22lbs, tuned to the note of G.
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Little London, Brill
Coordinates: 51°49′12″N 1°03′07″W / 51.820°N 1.052°W / 51.820; -1.052
Brill is a village and civil parish in Aylesbury Vale district in Buckinghamshire, England, close to the boundary with Oxfordshire. It is about 4 miles (6.4 km) north-west of Long Crendon and 7 miles (11 km) south-east of Bicester. It has a Royal charter to hold a weekly market, but has not done so for many years.
Brill's name is a combination of Brythonic and Anglo Saxon words for 'hill' (Brythonic breg and Anglo Saxon hyll). In the reign of Edward the Confessor it was a town called Bruhella.
The manor of Brill was the administration centre for the royal hunting Forest of Bernwood and was for a long time a property of the Crown. King Edward the Confessor had a palace here. There is evidence that Henry II, John, Henry III and Stephen all held court at the palace.[citation needed] It remained in place until the time of Charles I, who turned the building into a Royalist garrison in the English Civil War. This led the Parliamentarian John Hampden to destroy it in 1643.
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London
Londoni/ˈlʌndən/ is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who named it Londinium. London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
London is a leading global city, with strengths in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism and transport all contributing to its prominence. It is the world's leading financial centre alongside New York City and has the fifth-largest city GDP in the world (and the largest in Europe). London has been described as a world cultural capital. It was the world's most visited city during 2011 and London Heathrow is the world's busiest airport by number of international passengers. London's 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education in Europe. In 2012 London will become the first city to host the modern Summer Olympic Games three times.
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Long Crendon
Coordinates: 51°46′23″N 0°59′49″W / 51.773°N 0.997°W / 51.773; -0.997
Long Crendon is a village and civil parish within Aylesbury Vale district in Buckinghamshire, England, about 3 miles (5 km) west of Haddenham and 2 miles (3 km) north-west of Thame in neighbouring Oxfordshire. The village has been called Long Crendon only since the English Civil War. The "Long" prefix refers simply to the length of the village at that time, and was added to differentiate it from nearby Grendon Underwood. Previously it was simply known as Crendon. This name is Old English and means Creoda's Hill (in 1086 it was listed in the Domesday Book as Crededone).
"Crendon" was the caput of the feudal honour held by Walter Giffard (died 1102), created Earl of Buckingham by William the Conqueror. The Manor in Long Crendon was once a great building that housed the later Earls of Buckingham and over the years the various manorial estates in the village have passed through the hands of the Crown, Oxford University, the Earls of March and the Marquis of Buckingham. The latter is presently the Lord of the Manor of Long Crendon.
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Loughton
Coordinates: 51°38′58″N 0°04′25″E / 51.6494°N 0.0735°E / 51.6494; 0.0735
Loughton ( /ˈlaʊtən/) is a town and civil parish in the Epping Forest district of Essex. It is located between 11 and 13 miles (21 km) north east of Charing Cross in London, south of the M25 and west of the M11 motorway and has boundaries with Chingford, Waltham Abbey, Theydon Bois, Chigwell and Buckhurst Hill. Loughton includes three conservation areas and there are 56 listed buildings in the town, together with a further 50 locally listed.
The parish of Loughton covers an area of about 3,724 acres (15 km2), of which over 1,300 acres (5 km2) are part of Epping Forest. The ancient parish contained over 3,900 acres (16 km2), but in 1996 some parts of the south of the old parish were transferred to Buckhurst Hill parish, and other small portions to Chigwell and Theydon Bois. At the time of the 2001 census Loughton had a population of 30,340. It is the most populous civil parish in the Epping Forest district, and within Essex it is the second most populous civil parish (after Canvey Island) and the second largest in area.
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Lower Bacombe
Upper Bacombe and Lower Bacombe are two hamlets in the parish of Wendover, in Buckinghamshire, England. They are located to the south east of the main town, on and at the foot of Bacombe Hill.
Coordinates: 51°44′56″N 0°45′36″W / 51.749°N 0.760°W / 51.749; -0.760
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Lower Hartwell
Hartwell is a village in central Buckinghamshire, England. It is to the south of Aylesbury, by the village of Stone.
The village name is Anglo Saxon in origin, and means "spring frequented by deer". In the Domesday Book of 1086 it was recorded as Herdeuuelle and Herdewelle.
The ruined Hartwell church was designed by the architect Henry Keene and completed in 1756. It is one of the most important early Gothic revival churches in England and is Grade II* listed. It has an octagonal centre with twin towers. In the north and south bays are rose windows, other windows are represented as ogee arches. In the clerestory are quatrefoil windows. Inside, the church once had a plaster fan vault but this has now fallen in, and the church's windows are boarded. Today the building appears more as a garden folly, than a former place of worship.
Attached to the estate is the former hamlet of Lower Hartwell.
Hartwell House in the village is a grade I listed building in a 90-acre park, part of the Hartwell Estate owned by the Ernest Cook Trust. The house was once the residence of the exiled future king of France Louis XVIII. Since 2008 it has been leased to the The National Trust and is run as a hotel by an independent company, Historic House Hotels Ltd.
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Lower Pollicott
Coordinates: 51°49′N 0°59′W / 51.82°N 0.98°W / 51.82; -00.98
Ashendon is a village and civil parish in Buckinghamshire, England. It is about nine miles west of Aylesbury and seven miles north of Thame.
The toponym is derived from the Old English for "Hill overgrown with ash trees". The Domesday Book of 1086 records the village as the property of the Grenville family; it was called Assedune. The original name refers to the fact that in Saxon times this area was completely forested, and served as hunting land for the king.
In recent times the manor of Ashendon passed into the hands of the Marquis of Buckingham.
Included in with the parish of Ashendon are the hamlets of Upper Pollicott and Lower Pollicott. The names of these hamlets derive from the Anglo Saxon Pol's Cottage.
In the less distant past, Ashendon was an entirely farming village and, at present, there is still much agricultural activity within the village. However, some of the farmhouses have been converted into private residences, the best example of this being Ashendon Farm and its barns. Although Ashendon is a small village, in comparison with many nearby Buckinghamshire villages, it has a pub, a recreational playing field, a church and a thriving social club.
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Luffield Abbey
Coordinates: 52°04′16″N 1°01′34″W / 52.071°N 1.026°W / 52.071; -1.026
Luffield Abbey is a village in the very north of Buckinghamshire, England. It is on the border with Northamptonshire, close to Biddlesden. It is one of the few examples in the country where there is an ancient parish with no church at its centre, though since the Victorian era it has been considered part of both Stowe in Buckinghamshire (although the two aren't neighbours) and Silverstone in Northamptonshire.
Little information remains of the ancient abbey from which the village takes its name though the name 'Luffield' is Anglo-Saxon and means 'Lufa's field'. There was no trace of the ancient abbey in a land survey conducted in 1732.
added: The remains of the abbey were found on the edge of the south east runway of the airfield which is now part of Silverstone Circuit. about 200mtr NE from stowe corner. Markings of the foundations can be seen in discolorations in the grass on some aerial images taken in the early 1990s.
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Luton
Luton (i/ˈluːtən/ LOOT-ən, local /ˈluːʔən/) is a large town, borough and unitary authority of Bedfordshire, England, 30 miles (50 km) north of London. Luton and its near neighbours, Dunstable and Houghton Regis, form the Luton/Dunstable Urban Area with a population of about 250,000.
Luton is home to Blue Square Premier team Luton Town Football Club, whose history includes several spells in the top flight of the English league as well as a Football League Cup triumph in 1988. They play at Kenilworth Road stadium, which has been their home since 1905.
London Luton Airport, opened in 1938, is one of England's major airports. During the Second World War it doubled as an RAF base.
The University of Bedfordshire is based in the town.
The Luton Carnival, held on the late May bank holiday, is the largest one-day carnival in Europe.
The town was for many years famous for hat-making, and was also home to a large Vauxhall Motors factory; the head office of Vauxhall Motors is still situated in the town. Car production at the plant began in 1905 and continued until 2002, but commercial vehicle production remains.
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M25 motorway
The M25 motorway, London Ring Motorway, or London Orbital motorway is a 117-mile (188 km) motorway that almost encircles Greater London, England, in the United Kingdom. The motorway was first mooted early in the 20th century. A few sections, based on the now abandoned London Ringways plan, were constructed in the early 1970s and it was completed in 1986. The M25 is one of the world's longest orbital roads and one of the busiest and most congested parts of the British motorway network. 196,000 vehicles were recorded in a single day near London Heathrow Airport. Plans to widen additional sections to eight lanes (four each way) were scaled back in 2009 in response to rising costs.
Originally built mainly as a dual three-lane motorway, much of the motorway has subsequently been widened to dual four-lanes in places and to a dual five-lane section between junctions 12 and 14 and a dual six-lane between junctions 14 and 15. Further widening is in progress with plans for managed motorways on other sections.
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Maidenhead
Coordinates: 51°31′18″N 0°43′04″W / 51.5217°N 0.7177°W / 51.5217; -0.7177
Maidenhead is a town and unparished area within the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead, in Berkshire, England. It lies on the River Thames and is situated 25.7 miles (41.4 km) west of Charing Cross in London.
Maidenhead's name, strictly speaking, refers to the busy riverside area where the "New wharf" or "Maiden Hythe" was built, perhaps as early as Saxon times. It has been suggested that the nearby Great Hill of Taplow was called the "Mai Dun" by the Iron Age Brythons. The area of the town centre was originally known as "South Ellington" and is recorded in the Domesday Book as Ellington in the hundred of Beynhurst.
In 1280, a bridge was erected across the river to replace a ferry in what was then the hamlet of South Ellington. The Great West Road to Reading, Gloucester and Bristol was diverted over the new bridge - previously it kept to the north bank crossed the Thames by ford at Cookham—and mediaeval Maidenhead grew up around it. Within a few years a wharf was constructed next to the bridge and the South Ellington name was dropped with the area becoming known as Maidenhythe (literally meaning "new wharf"). The earliest record of this name change is in the Bray Court manorial rolls of 1296. The bridge led to the growth of Maidenhead: a stopping point for coaches on the journeys between London and Bath and the High Street became populated with inns. The current Maidenhead Bridge, a local landmark, dates from 1777 and was built at a cost of £19,000.
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Maids Moreton
Coordinates: 52°00′50″N 0°58′19″W / 52.014°N 0.972°W / 52.014; -0.972
Maids Moreton is a village and civil parish in the Aylesbury Vale district of northern Buckinghamshire, England. The village is about 1 mile (1.6 km) north of Buckingham. The village is contiguous with the Buckingham urban area and is thus often considered as a suburb.
The parish of Maids Moreton covers about 1,365 acres (552 ha) of which 376 acres (152 ha) are arable, 786 acres (318 ha) permanent grass and 26 acres (11 ha) woods and plantations. The soil is mostly clay and gravel and the subsoil gravel.
The village lies along the Buckingham to Towcester road (A413). It contains many 17th century houses and cottages of timber frames with brick or plaster filling and thatched roofs.
The 15th century Church of England parish church of Saint Edmund is said to have been built by two maiden ladies of the Pever family, whence the name "Maids' Moreton". The Maids' epitaphs are a wall painting over the north door and brasses on a slab just within the doorway.
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Maidstone
Coordinates: 51°16′19″N 0°31′44″E / 51.272°N 0.529°E / 51.272; 0.529
Maidstone is the county town of Kent, England, 32 miles (51 km) south-east of London. The River Medway runs through the centre of the town linking Maidstone to Rochester and the Thames Estuary. Historically, the river was a source and route for much of the town's trade. Maidstone was the centre of the agricultural county of Kent, known as the Garden of England. There is evidence of a settlement in the area dating back to beyond the Stone Age.
The town is within the borough of Maidstone. In 2001, the town had a population of 75,070.
Maidstone's economy has changed over the years from being involved in heavy industry, to more light and service industries.
Saxon charters (c975) show the first recorded instances of the town's name; de maeides stana and maegdan stane with the possible meaning of either stone of the maidens, or possibly stone of the people. The latter meaning may refer to the nearby megalith around which gatherings would take place. The name evolved through medestan/meddestane as reported in the Domesday Book until, in 1610, the modern name appeared. It has also been suggested that the name derives from stones set into the river to allow clothes to be rinsed in the cleaner water away from the banks of the river.[citation needed]
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Marsh Gibbon
Coordinates: 51°54′10″N 1°03′36″W / 51.9029°N 1.0600°W / 51.9029; -1.0600
Marsh Gibbon is a village and civil parish in Aylesbury Vale district in Buckinghamshire, England. It is close to the A41 and the border with Oxfordshire about 4 miles (6.4 km) east of Bicester.
The village name comes from the English word 'marsh', describing the typical state of land in the area due to the high water table of the Aylesbury Vale. The affix 'Gibbon' derives from the family name 'Gibwen', the lords of the manor here in the twelfth century. In manorial rolls of 1292 the village was recorded as Mersh Gibwyne, though earlier (in 1086) it was known simply as Merse.
One of the two entries in the Domesday Book for the village is unique in having the only comment of any kind, namely "Graviter et miserabiliter". In translation the complete entry reads:
Ailric's manor, now named Westbury Manor, was given by King Edward IV to the Company of Cooks in London, though it has since been sold into private hands.
The second manor was the property of the abbey of Grestein in Normandy, France. However in 1365 this was seized by the Crown because it belonged to a foreign church. In 1437 it was granted to an almshouse trust founded at Ewelme in Oxfordshire. In 1617 James I granted the Mastership of the Ewelme Trust to the Regius Professor of Medicine at the University of Oxford in whose hands it remains today. Its manor house is Elizabethan and situated just south of the thirteenth century church and about 200 metres from Westbury Manor to the West.
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Marsworth
Coordinates: 51°49′21″N 0°39′58″W / 51.8225°N 0.6661°W / 51.8225; -0.6661
Marsworth is a village and also a civil parish within Aylesbury Vale district in Buckinghamshire, England. It is about two miles north of Tring, in Hertfordshire and six miles east of Aylesbury.
The village name is Anglo Saxon in origin, Mæssanwyrth, and means 'Mæssa's enclosure'. Marsworth is first mentioned in the will of Aelfgyfu (before 975) as granted to Edgar of England who in turn passed it to St Etheldreda's Church belonging to the Bishops of Ely. Brictric, a thegn of Edward the Confessor. After the Norman Conquest Marsworth (Missevorde) is recorded in the Domesday Book as in the possession of Robert D'Oyly and was connected to Wallingford, an association which continued into the 17th century. The tenants at this time were the Bassett family and the land was split between six sisters and through their line the estates passed to the Goldingtons at which time the manor becomes recorded as Marsworth with Goldringtons.
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Mentmore
Coordinates: 51°52′12″N 0°41′02″W / 51.870°N 0.684°W / 51.870; -0.684
Mentmore is a village and civil parish in the Aylesbury Vale district of Buckinghamshire, England. It is about three miles east of Wingrave, three miles south east of Wing.
The village toponym is derived from the Old English for "Menta's moor". The Domesday Book of 1086 records the village as Mentmore.
Queen Edith, the daughter of Earl Godwin and wife of King Edward the Confessor had a hunting lodge at Mentmore, between the site of the present Mentmore Towers and the hamlet of Crafton at a site known as Berrystead. The well of this lodge is marked today by a wood still known as Prilow, derived from the Norman French pres l'ieu ("near the water").
In 1808 Magna Britannia reported:
MENTMORE, in the hundred of Cotslow and deanery of Muresley, lies about eight miles to the north-east of Aylesbury. The manor was anciently in the families of Bussel and Zouche: in 1490 it was granted to Sir Reginald Bray, from whom it descended, by a female heir, to the family of Sandys: in 1729, it was purchased with the manor of Leadbourne, by Lord Viscount Limerick, of a Mr. Legoe, who inherited them from the family of Wigg. They are now the property of Richard Bard Harcourt esq. who purchased them of Lord Limerick's son, James Earl of Clanbrassil. In the church are some memorials of the families of Theed and Wigg.
The impropriate rectory, which was given by the Bussells to the priory of St. Bartholomew, in Smithfield, is now the property of Mr. Harcourt, who is patron of the vicarage.
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Middle Claydon
Coordinates: 51°55′33″N 0°57′14″W / 51.9257°N 0.9539°W / 51.9257; -0.9539
Middle Claydon is a village and also a civil parish within Aylesbury Vale district in Buckinghamshire, England. It is located about five miles south of Buckingham and three miles west of Winslow.
The village name 'Claydon' is Anglo Saxon in origin, and means 'clay hill'. The affix 'Middle' is used to differentiate the village from nearby Steeple Claydon, and East Claydon, and from the hamlet of Botolph Claydon. In the Domesday Book of 1086 the Claydon area was recorded as Claindone.
Middle Claydon is the location of Claydon House, that was the home of Sir Edmund Verney, an English Civil War Royalist, and of Florence Nightingale.
The parish church, in the grounds of Claydon House, is dedicated to All Saints.
Media related to Middle Claydon at Wikimedia Commons
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Middlesex
Middlesex ( /ˈmɪdəlsɛks/; abbreviated Middx) is one of the 39 historic counties of England and the second smallest by area. The low-lying county contained the wealthy and politically independent City of London on its southern boundary and was dominated by it from a very early time. The county was significantly affected by the expansion of the metropolitan area of London in both the 18th and 19th centuries, such that from 1855 the south-east was administered as part of the metropolis. When county councils were initially introduced in England in 1889 about 20% of the area of Middlesex, along with a third of its population, was transferred to the County of London, and the remainder formed a smaller county, in the north-west, under the control of Middlesex County Council.
In the interwar years urban London had further expanded, with increasing suburbanisation, improvement and expansion of public transport, and the setting up of new industries outside the inner London area. After the Second World War, the population of the County of London and inner Middlesex was in steady decline, with new population growth only experienced in the outer suburbs. After a Royal Commission on Local Government in Greater London, almost all of the original area was incorporated into an enlarged Greater London in 1965, with small parts transferred to neighbouring Hertfordshire and Surrey. Despite the disappearance of the county council, Middlesex is still used as an area name and was retained as a postal county; which is now an optional component of postal addresses.
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Milton Keynes
Coordinates: 52°02′10″N 0°46′12″W / 52.036°N 0.770°W / 52.036; -0.770
Milton Keynes (i/ˌmɪltən ˈkiːnz/ mil-tən-KEENZ), sometimes abbreviated MK, is a large town in Buckinghamshire, about 45 miles (72 km) south-east of Leicester and 49 miles (79 km) north-west of London. It is the administrative centre of the Borough of Milton Keynes. It was formally designated as a new town on 23 January 1967, with the design brief to become a 'city' in scale.
At designation, its 89 km2 (34 sq mi) area incorporated the existing towns of Bletchley, Wolverton and Stony Stratford along with another fifteen villages and farmland in between. It took its name from the existing village of Milton Keynes, a few miles east of the planned centre.
At the 2001 census the population of the Milton Keynes urban area, including the adjacent Newport Pagnell, was 184,506, and that of the wider borough, which has been a unitary authority independent of Buckinghamshire County Council since 1997, was 207,063 (compared with a population of around 53,000 for the same area in 1961). The Borough’s population in 2009 is estimated to be nearly 241,000, with almost all the increase arising in the urban area.
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Mix 96 (Aylesbury)
Coordinates: 51°48′57″N 0°48′50″W / 51.8158°N 0.8138°W / 51.8158; -0.8138
Mix 96 is the Independent Local Radio station for the town of Aylesbury in Buckinghamshire, England.
First airing in 1994, it was the first radio station to gain a permanent licence to broadcast from Aylesbury. The launch slogan was 'Bucks Best Music' but the station now uses the strapline "Your Town, Your Station".
Originally an independent, it was solely owned by local group Bucks Broadcasting Ltd. The original Chairman of Mix 96 was Richard Morris-Adams, MD was Mark Flanagan, SD was Erika Sorby-Firth and PC was Keri Jones.
The group invested in a number of stations throughout the UK including FM 102 The Bear, in Stratford-upon-Avon, 107.7 The Wolf in Wolverhampton, Arrow FM in Hastings and Surf 107 in Brighton.
Fox FM increased their shareholding in Bucks Broadcasting, and were themselves wholly acquired by Capital Radio plc, leading the company to become part of Capital until they were divested to Radio Investments (later known as The Local Radio Company).
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Mursley
Coordinates: 51°57′00″N 0°48′43″W / 51.950°N 0.812°W / 51.950; -0.812
Mursley is a small village in and also a civil parish within Aylesbury Vale district Buckinghamshire, England. It is located about three miles east of Winslow and four miles south west of Fenny Stratford.
The village name is Anglo Saxon in origin, and means 'Myrsa's woodland'. In the Domesday Book of 1086 the village was recorded as Muselai.
The village was at one time a more important place; it was once a market town, by virtue of a royal charter granted in 1230, and the centre of the local deanery. The size of the place has been much reduced since then, most likely by the bubonic plague of the 17th century.
There was at one time a manor in the locality called "Salden", within which stood a manor house built by the Chancellor of the Exchequer Sir John Fortescue(d.1629), which was visited by King James I. This house has since disappeared.
Actor David Tomlinson who played George Banks in Mary Poppins and Mr. Emelius Browne in Bedknobs and Broomsticks lived and raised his children in Mursley until his death on 24 June 2000. David became notorious around the village for flying very low in his Tiger Moth and on one occasion he crash landed in a field near his house and was tried with, but acquitted of, reckless flying. Legend has it he was attempting to drop chocolates from his plane for his wife Audrey.
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Nether Winchendon
Coordinates: 51°48′14″N 0°56′19″W / 51.8038°N 0.9385°W / 51.8038; -0.9385
Nether Winchendon (also known as Lower Winchendon) is a village and also a civil parish within Aylesbury Vale district in Buckinghamshire, England. It is near the border of Oxfordshire, about five miles west of Aylesbury and three miles south of Waddesdon.
The village name 'Winchendon' originates from Anglo Saxon, meaning 'hill at a bend'. The Winchendon villages were recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Wincandone.
Nether Winchendon House, a grand manor house in Nether Winchendon, was a former priory under Notley Abbey in Long Crendon. It was purchased and largely remodelled by the Duke of Bedford in the sixteenth century. It is now open to the public and is noted for its magnificent interior. Nether Winchendon House also hosts weddings and has beautiful gardens. Nether Winchendon has been a frequent setting for television and film production, including two Midsomer Murders episodes (as different houses), Lady Pat's house in Forever Green and the BBC series Chef! starring Lenny Henry. Nether Winchendon Church was also used as the setting for a Christening scene in the second Bridget Jones's Diary film, but can only be seen on the deleted scenes section of the DVD.
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Newport Pagnell
Coordinates: 52°05′13″N 0°43′19″W / 52.087°N 0.722°W / 52.087; -0.722
Newport Pagnell is a town in the Borough of Milton Keynes (ceremonial Buckinghamshire), England. It is separated by the M1 motorway from Milton Keynes itself, though part of the same urban area. Newport Pagnell services on the M1 are named after the town.
The town was first mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Neuport, which is Old English meaning New Market Town, but by that time the old Anglo-Saxon town was dominated by the Norman invaders. The suffix "Pagnell" came later when the manor passed into the hands of the Pagnell (Paynel) family. It was the principal town of the "Three Hundreds of Newport", a district that had almost the same boundary as the modern Borough.
At one time, Newport Pagnell was one of the largest towns in the County of Buckinghamshire (the assizes of the County were occasionally held there) though today, despite its own substantial expansion, it has been completely dwarfed by the growth of Milton Keynes. There were also at one time two hospitals in Newport Pagnell and six fairs were held for the townsfolk throughout the year.
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Newton Longville
Coordinates: 51°58′30″N 0°46′16″W / 51.975°N 0.771°W / 51.975; -0.771
Newton Longville is a village and civil parish in Aylesbury Vale district in Buckinghamshire, England. The village is about 2 miles (3.2 km) south-west of Bletchley.
The toponym "Newton" is derived from the Old English for "new farm". It is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Nevtone. The affix 'Longville' was added in the 13th century after the Cluniac priory of Longueville, Calvados, in Normandy, France, that held the manor of Newton at that time, and to distinguish this village from other places called Newton, particularly nearby Newton Blossomville. In 1441, when its previous owner died without issue, the King bestowed it on the Warden and fellows of New College, Oxford.
Parts of the Church of England parish church of Saint Faith are late 12th century, but the exterior is largely Perpendicular Gothic.
Newton Longville has a fine collection of "cruck" framed thatched houses dating from the mid to late 15th century, with good examples at 'Moor End'.
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North Marston
Coordinates: 51°53′49″N 0°52′23″W / 51.897°N 0.873°W / 51.897; -0.873
North Marston is a village and also a civil parish within Aylesbury Vale district in Buckinghamshire, England. It is located about three miles south of Winslow, and four miles north of Waddesdon.
The village name 'Marston' is a common one in England, and is Anglo-Saxon for 'farm by a marsh'. This refers to the common state of the land in the Aylesbury Vale, where the water table is quite high. The prefix 'North' was added later to distinguish the village from nearby Fleet Marston. The population of the village is approximately 700 and there are about 500 houses.
The facilities in North Marston include:
A recent project within the village has re-created the sports field, which is now called the North Marston and Granborough Community Sports Field. In the field there is a pavilion, football pitch, running track, nature trail and cricket nets. There is a cricket team (North Marston & Granborough Cricket Club).
A community shop in the village is now established. Construction work started on The Shop North Marston on November 11, 2010 and opened in June 2011.
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Northall
Northall is a hamlet in the civil parish of Edlesborough Northall and Dagnall, in Buckinghamshire, England.
This large hamlet straddles the A4146 road halfway between Edlesborough and Billington, Bedfordshire. It has one large Baptist chapel which is still in use. The hamlet has one public house 'The Swan'. An old 16th century public house 'the Village Green' was recently converted to a private house.
The village was formerly part of the Ashridge Estate of the Earls and Dukes of Bridgwater. Like nearby Slapton it has a few very high gabled cottages, with thickly latticed window panes, which are indicative of having been designed by the architect retained by the estate in the 19th century.
The hamlet contains some recently built houses, but most houses are predominantly 19th century.
Coordinates: 51°52′19″N 0°36′40″W / 51.872°N 0.611°W / 51.872; -0.611
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Nottingham Victoria
Nottingham Victoria railway station was a Great Central Railway and Great Northern Railway railway station in Nottingham, England. It was designed by the architect Albert Edward Lambert.
It was opened by the Nottingham Joint Station Committee on 24 May 1900 and closed on 4 September 1967 by the London Midland Region of British Railways. The station building was entirely demolished (except for the clock tower) and a shopping centre has been built on the site.
In 1893 the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway obtained authorisation to extend its North Midlands railway network into London. This new line was opened on 15 March 1899 and became known as the "London Extension", stretching from Annesley to a new station at Marylebone in London. The line passed through Nottingham where a new station was to be built.
The station's construction was on a grand scale: a 13-acre (53,000 m2) site was acquired at a cost of £473,000 (£39.1 million as of 2012), in the heart of Nottingham's city centre; negotiations for the acquisition of the land had taken three years. The construction called for the demolition of whole streets of some 1,300 houses, 24 public houses and St. Stephen's Church, Bunker's Hill, following which around 600,000 cubic yards (460,000 m3) of sandstone was excavated from the site. The site measured around 650 yards (590 m) in length from north to south and had an average width of 110 yards (100 m) with a tunnel at each end of it for access.
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Oxford
Oxfordi/ˈɒksfəd/ is a city in central southern England, the home of the University of Oxford. The city is the county town of Oxfordshire, and forms a district within the county. It has a population of just under 165,000, of whom 153,900 live within the district boundary. It lies about 50 miles (80 km) north-west of London. The rivers Cherwell and Thames (also sometimes known as the Isis locally) run through Oxford and meet south of the city centre.
Oxford has a diverse economic base. Its industries include motor manufacturing, education, publishing and a large number of information technology and science-based businesses.
Buildings in Oxford demonstrate an example of every English architectural period since the arrival of the Saxons, including the iconic, mid-18th century Radcliffe Camera. Oxford is known as the "city of dreaming spires", a term coined by poet Matthew Arnold in reference to the harmonious architecture of Oxford's university buildings. The University of Oxford is the oldest university in the English-speaking world.
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Oxfordshire
Oxfordshire ( /ˈɒksfərdʃər/ or /ˈɒksfərdʃɪər/; archaically the County of Oxford; abbreviated Oxon from the Latinised form of "Oxford", Oxonia) is a county in the South East region of England, bordering on Warwickshire and Northamptonshire (to the north/northeast), Buckinghamshire (to the east), Berkshire (to the south), Wiltshire (to the southwest) and Gloucestershire (to the west).
The county has major education and tourist industries. The area is noted for the concentration of performance motorsport companies and facilities. Oxford University Press is the largest firm among a concentration of print and publishing firms; the University of Oxford is also linked to the concentration of local biotechnology companies.
The main centre of population is the city of Oxford. Other significant settlements are Banbury, Bicester, Kidlington, and Chipping Norton to the north of Oxford; Witney to the west; Thame and Chinnor to the east; and Abingdon, Wantage, Didcot, Wallingford and Henley-on-Thames to the south. Future population growth in the county is hoped[clarification needed] to be concentrated around Oxford, Banbury, Bicester, Didcot and Witney, near the South Midlands growth area.
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Padbury
Coordinates: 51°58′16″N 0°57′07″W / 51.971°N 0.952°W / 51.971; -0.952
Padbury is a village and also a civil parish within Aylesbury Vale district in Buckinghamshire, England. It is located on the A413 main road that links Buckingham with Winslow.
The village name is Old English in origin, and means 'Padda's fortress'. In the Domesday Book of 1086 the village was recorded as Pateberie. The Manor of Padbury was exchanged, around the time of the Norman Conquest, for the Manor of Iver between Robert Doyley and Robert Clarenbold of the Marsh.
The village had the distinction in Domesday as being one of the few villages in the country still owned by a native rather than a Norman family. It remained in this family (who later took the name 'de Wolverton' after the village of Wolverton) until 1442 when it was sold to All Souls College, Oxford.
During the English Civil War Padbury was the site of a skirmish between the Royalist and Parliamentarian forces. The Royalists won on this occasion, and the burial of eight Parliamentarian soldiers is recorded in the village's burial register for July 2, 1643.
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Pitchcott
Coordinates: 51°52′40″N 0°52′24″W / 51.877679°N 0.873308°W / 51.877679; -0.873308
Pitchcott is a village and also a civil parish within Aylesbury Vale district in Buckinghamshire, England. It is located about two and a half miles north east of Waddesdon, and four miles south of Winslow.
Pitchcott was described in 1806 in Magna Britannia as follows:
The village name is Anglo-Saxon in origin, and means 'cottage where pitch is stored'. In manorial rolls of 1176, the village is recorded as Pichecote.
The parish church dedicated to Saint Giles has been deconsecrated and converted to a private house, although the churchyard is still in use. Pitchcott is joined with nearby Oving to form the ecclesiastical parish of "Oving with Pitchcott", which is served by All Saints church in Oving.
Pitchcott today is a small parish of only 1000 acres (4 km²); this includes approx. 32 acres (130,000 m²) of arable land, the remainder being grassland. There are a few new barn conversions that were built in 2007.
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Pitstone
Coordinates: 51°49′32″N 0°37′49″W / 51.82564°N 0.63020°W / 51.82564; -0.63020
Pitstone (formerly Pightelsthorn) is a village and civil parish within the Aylesbury Vale district of Buckinghamshire, England. It is located at the foot of the Chiltern Hills, about seven miles east of Aylesbury and six miles south of Leighton Buzzard. It directly adjoins the village of Ivinghoe, and the two villages share a number of their facilities.
The village name is Anglo Saxon in origin, and means 'Picel's thorn tree'. It was recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Pincelestorne.
Pitstone was given to the abbey at Ashridge by the Earl of Cornwall in 1283. In 1290 King Edward I spent Christmas in Pitstone at the estate that had been given to the abbey, and stayed for five weeks, during which time he held parliament in Ashridge. His stay caused great inconvenience to the local inhabitants of the village, who were legally obliged to keep the king and his court.
More recently Pitstone was the site of a cement works which closed in the 1990s. The site has now been demolished and has been redeveloped for housing and business use. The new housing district is named 'Castlemead' (after the Castle Cement Company who were the last operators of the site) and the business area already contains numerous units with construction ongoing.
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Pitstone Green
Coordinates: 51°49′32″N 0°37′49″W / 51.82564°N 0.63020°W / 51.82564; -0.63020
Pitstone (formerly Pightelsthorn) is a village and civil parish within the Aylesbury Vale district of Buckinghamshire, England. It is located at the foot of the Chiltern Hills, about seven miles east of Aylesbury and six miles south of Leighton Buzzard. It directly adjoins the village of Ivinghoe, and the two villages share a number of their facilities.
The village name is Anglo Saxon in origin, and means 'Picel's thorn tree'. It was recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Pincelestorne.
Pitstone was given to the abbey at Ashridge by the Earl of Cornwall in 1283. In 1290 King Edward I spent Christmas in Pitstone at the estate that had been given to the abbey, and stayed for five weeks, during which time he held parliament in Ashridge. His stay caused great inconvenience to the local inhabitants of the village, who were legally obliged to keep the king and his court.
More recently Pitstone was the site of a cement works which closed in the 1990s. The site has now been demolished and has been redeveloped for housing and business use. The new housing district is named 'Castlemead' (after the Castle Cement Company who were the last operators of the site) and the business area already contains numerous units with construction ongoing.
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Pitstone Hill
Coordinates: 51°49′32″N 0°37′49″W / 51.82564°N 0.63020°W / 51.82564; -0.63020
Pitstone (formerly Pightelsthorn) is a village and civil parish within the Aylesbury Vale district of Buckinghamshire, England. It is located at the foot of the Chiltern Hills, about seven miles east of Aylesbury and six miles south of Leighton Buzzard. It directly adjoins the village of Ivinghoe, and the two villages share a number of their facilities.
The village name is Anglo Saxon in origin, and means 'Picel's thorn tree'. It was recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Pincelestorne.
Pitstone was given to the abbey at Ashridge by the Earl of Cornwall in 1283. In 1290 King Edward I spent Christmas in Pitstone at the estate that had been given to the abbey, and stayed for five weeks, during which time he held parliament in Ashridge. His stay caused great inconvenience to the local inhabitants of the village, who were legally obliged to keep the king and his court.
More recently Pitstone was the site of a cement works which closed in the 1990s. The site has now been demolished and has been redeveloped for housing and business use. The new housing district is named 'Castlemead' (after the Castle Cement Company who were the last operators of the site) and the business area already contains numerous units with construction ongoing.
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Potters Bar
Coordinates: 51°41′53″N 0°10′59″W / 51.698°N 0.183°W / 51.698; -0.183
Potters Bar is a town in the Hertsmere borough of Hertfordshire, England, located 18 miles (29 km) north of Central London. In 2001 it had a population of 21,618.
The town originated in the early 13th century and remained a small settlement until the arrival of the Great Northern Railway in 1850. It is part of the London commuter belt.
The origin of the Potters element of the town's name is uncertain but is generally thought to be either a reference to a Roman pottery, believed to have been sited locally, or alternatively to the Pottere family who lived in the South Mimms parish. The Bar is thought to refer to the gates leading from the South Mimms parish and into the Enfield Chase parish, or possibly from some sort of toll on the Great North Road. The original "Bar" is said to have been at what is now the Green Man pub, or at the current entrance to Morven House.
Potters Bar is located on the Great North Road, one of two road routes from the City of London to the north of England. The road was originally numbered as the A1, and later the A1000.
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Poundon
Coordinates: 51°55′29″N 1°03′34″W / 51.9246°N 1.0594°W / 51.9246; -1.0594
Poundon is a hamlet and also a civil parish within Aylesbury Vale district in Buckinghamshire, England. It is located near the Oxfordshire border, about four miles north east of Bicester, three miles south west of Steeple Claydon.
The village name is Anglo Saxon in origin, though its meaning is uncertain. In manorial rolls of 1255 it was recorded as Paundon.
During the Second World War Poundon was the site of stations 53b and 53c of the Special Operations Executive (SOE). Just outside the village is Tower Hill Business Park. This was previously Poundon Hill Wireless Station, a FCO/MI6 signals intelligence station.
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Preston Bissett
Coordinates: 51°57′47″N 1°02′38″W / 51.963°N 1.044°W / 51.963; -1.044
Preston Bissett is a village and civil parish in the Aylesbury Vale district of Buckinghamshire, England. It is about four miles SSW of Buckingham, six miles north east of Bicester in Oxfordshire.
The toponym "Preston" is common in England; it is derived from the Old English for "priest's farm". The Domesday Book of 1086 records the village as Prestone. The affix "Bissett" came later and refers to the lords of the manor, distinguishing it from other places called Preston.
The village has a public house, the White Hart.
Media related to Preston Bissett at Wikimedia Commons
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Princes Risborough
Coordinates: 51°43′26″N 0°50′04″W / 51.723978°N 0.834418°W / 51.723978; -0.834418
Princes Risborough is a small town in Buckinghamshire, England, about 9 miles south of Aylesbury and 8 miles north west of High Wycombe. Bledlow lies to the west and Monks Risborough to the east. It lies at the foot of the Chiltern Hills, at the north end of a gap or pass through the Chilterns, the south end of which is at West Wycombe. The A4010 road follows this route from West Wycombe through the town and then on to Aylesbury.
Historically it was both a Manor and an ecclesiastical parish, of the same extent as the Manor, which comprised the present ecclesiastical parish of Princes Risborough (excluding Ilmer) and also the present ecclesiastical parish of Lacey Green, which became a separate parish in the 19th century. It was long and narrow (a "strip parish"), taking in land below the Chiltern scarp, the slope of the scarp itself and also land above the scarp extending into the Chiltern hills. The manor and the parish extended from Longwick in the north through Alscot, the town of Princes Risborough, Loosley Row and Lacey Green to Speen and Walters Ash in the south.
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Quainton
Coordinates: 51°52′26″N 0°54′58″W / 51.874°N 0.916°W / 51.874; -0.916
Quainton (formerly Quainton Malet) is a village and civil parish in Aylesbury Vale district in Buckinghamshire, England, 5 miles (8 km) north west of Aylesbury. The population is 1290, of which 1000 are adults. The village has two churches (Anglican & Baptist), a school and two public houses. The location means that while many commute to London, others are employed in neighbouring towns and villages.
Its name is Old English and means Queen's Estate (cwen tun). It is not known to which queen this refers, but possibly the Queen was Edith, the wife of Edward the Confessor. Known as "Fair Edith" she held manors in this part of Buckinghamshire, including a hunting lodge at Mentmore. Edward the Confessor had a palace at nearby Brill.
The former suffix Malet refers to the Malet family who were lords of the manor from 1066 until about 1348. At least one member went on the crusades, and had associations with the Hospitallers, the organization credited with rebuilding Quainton church circa 1340. The Hospitallers erected the cross on the village green, the base and shaft of which still remain.
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Quarrendon (estate)
Coordinates: 51°49′35″N 0°49′43″W / 51.826253°N 0.828615°W / 51.826253; -0.828615
Quarrendon is a large housing estate on the north west side of Aylesbury in Buckinghamshire, England. The estate is named after the nearby ancient village of Quarrendon.
The estate was started in the post war years and added to in four main stages right through to the 1980s. It is now one of the largest housing estates in the modern town of Aylesbury with a population in the 2001 census of 5,897 people.
As well as four main shopping precincts, the estate features Aylesbury Vale Academy and the Abbey Centre, which is where the Pupil Referral Unit for Aylesbury is based. In addition the estate has two community primary schools, Haydon Abbey School, which takes approximately 380 pupils, and Thomas Hickman School, which takes approximately 440.
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Quarrendon (village)
Coordinates: 51°49′55″N 0°49′59″W / 51.832°N 0.833°W / 51.832; -0.833
Quarrendon is a civil parish and deserted medieval village on the outskirts of Aylesbury in Buckinghamshire, England. Today its name is also associated with the modern housing estate of Quarrendon in Aylesbury.
The toponym is derived from the Old English Cweorndun meaning "hill where mill stones are obtained". There is evidence to suggest that the village dates back at least as far as the Anglo Saxon era as the village was reputedly the birthplace of daughters of King Penda, St Edburga and St Edith, and their niece St Osyth. Legend has it that St Osyth was beheaded by the Danish occupiers of Britain at Nuns Wood in the Grounds of St Osyth Priory, Where a spring of holy water sprang forth and is still in existence today.
Queen Elizabeth I was entertained at Quarrendon Manor by Sir Henry Lee of Ditchley for two days in 1592. The village and its manor survived until the 18th century, when Henry Lee, the Lord of the Manor, went bankrupt and lost all his lands. The only remaining building in the old village is the ruined church of St Peter. In 1817 the building was described in the Gentleman's Magazine as "a melancholy object of contemplation". Until the 1930s there were substantial remains. Old pictures show that the church had north and south aisles with octagonal piers and double-chamfered arches. All that now remains (as of 2006) are two low sections of wall and the foot of one of the south aisle buttresses. The moat, fish ponds and groundworks of the manor house also remain.
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Quarrendon Estate
Coordinates: 51°49′35″N 0°49′43″W / 51.826253°N 0.828615°W / 51.826253; -0.828615
Quarrendon is a large housing estate on the north west side of Aylesbury in Buckinghamshire, England. The estate is named after the nearby ancient village of Quarrendon.
The estate was started in the post war years and added to in four main stages right through to the 1980s. It is now one of the largest housing estates in the modern town of Aylesbury with a population in the 2001 census of 5,897 people.
As well as four main shopping precincts, the estate features Aylesbury Vale Academy and the Abbey Centre, which is where the Pupil Referral Unit for Aylesbury is based. In addition the estate has two community primary schools, Haydon Abbey School, which takes approximately 380 pupils, and Thomas Hickman School, which takes approximately 440.
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Radclive
Coordinates: 52°00′04″N 1°00′58″W / 52.001°N 1.016°W / 52.001; -1.016
Radclive is a village on the River Great Ouse just over 1 mile (1.6 km) west of Buckingham in Buckinghamshire, England. It is in the civil parish of Radclive-cum-Chackmore in Aylesbury Vale district. The parish includes the hamlet of Chackmore about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) north of Buckingham.
Radclive's toponym is derived from the Old English for "red cliff", referring to the colour of the local soil and a cliff overlooking the river. The Domesday Book of 1086 records the village as Radeclive.
Parts of the Church of England parish church of Saint John the Evangelist date from 1200 but the tower is believed to be 100 years later. There are some rare early English pews decorated with poppy heads, and a Jacobean communion rail with openwork balustrading. The nave window contains some examples of 14th century stained glass that survived the English Reformation and the English Civil War.
The Manor House was built in about 1620 and is the remaining part of a much larger mansion. The house contains an original oak staircase which has an open balustrade with finial topped ovals and lozenges, very similar in design to the staircase at Princes Risborough Manor House.
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Rayleigh, Essex
Coordinates: 51°35′11″N 0°36′18″E / 51.5864°N 0.6049°E / 51.5864; 0.6049
Rayleigh ( /ˈreɪliː/) is a market town and civil parish in the District of Rochford in Essex, England, located between Chelmsford and Southend-on-Sea. It lies 32 miles (51 km) to the east of central London. It has a population of 30,196, having expanded rapidly in the 1960s.
The name "Rayleigh" is Saxon in origin and is cognate to the German place name Rehlach of the same meaning[citation needed] . According to the English Place Names Society, "Rayleigh" derives from "raege", and "leah", meaning "Female roe-deer stream" or "she-goat stream'". According to the Rayleigh Civic Society, "Roa" is a Saxon word for Roebuck and "Lea" a pasture probably for goats.
In any case, the connection with deer continued through the centuries. Lands around Rayleigh were used as Royal hunting forests for many hundreds of years. A deer was included in the coat of arms of Rayleigh Urban District Council, and in the early 2000s, a new pub was named the "Roebuck".
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Reading, Berkshire
Reading (i/ˈrɛdɪŋ/ RED-ing) is a large town and unitary authority area in England. It is located in the Thames Valley at the confluence of the River Thames and River Kennet, and on both the Great Western Main Line railway and the M4 motorway, some 40 miles (64 km) west of London.
The Borough of Reading has a population of 145,700 (2008 estimate) and the town formed the largest part of the Reading/Wokingham Urban Area which had a population of 369,804 (2001 census). The town is currently represented in the UK parliament by two members, and has been continuously represented there since 1295. For ceremonial purposes the town is in the county of Berkshire and has served as its county town since 1867, previously sharing this status with Abingdon.
The first evidence for Reading as a settlement dates from the 8th century. Reading was an important centre in the medieval period, as the site of Reading Abbey, a monastery with strong royal connections. The town was seriously impacted by the Civil War, with a major siege and loss of trade, and played a pivotal role in the Revolution of 1688, with that revolution's only significant military action fought on the streets of the town. The 19th century saw the coming of the Great Western Railway and the development of the town's brewing, baking and seed growing businesses.
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Redhill, Surrey
Coordinates: 51°14′21″N 0°10′21″W / 51.2393°N 0.1726°W / 51.2393; -0.1726
Redhill is a town in the borough of Reigate and Banstead in Surrey, England. The town is served by rail to North, South, East and West. Redhill and the adjacent town of Reigate form a single urban area. For some central government statistical purposes the two are classified as a subdivision of the Crawley Urban Area. Redhill is 18 miles east of Guildford. The town is also part of the London commuter belt with a total resident population of nearly 26,000 people.
Redhill is situated immediately to the south of a dip to 135m from 160m-180m in the North Downs, where the old London-Brighton road and two, originally rival., railway lines pass through the Merstham tunnels before intersecting in the town.
The town came into being when a road was built in 1818. The settlement was originally known as Warwick Town and became known as Redhill when the post office moved from Red Hill Common in 1856.
The Philanthropic Society's farm school for convicts' children, originally established at St. George's Fields in 1788, was relocated here in 1849, when Prince Albert laid the first stone. A major factor in the development of the town was the coming of the railways. Redhill railway station continues to be an important junction. Redhill is also one of the few places in the UK where Fuller's Earth can be extracted.Alfred Nobel demonstrated dynamite for the first time at a Redhill quarry in 1867.
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Reigate
Coordinates: 51°13′48″N 0°11′17″W / 51.230°N 0.188°W / 51.230; -0.188
Reigate ( /ˈraɪɡeɪt/) is a historic market town in Surrey, England, at the foot of the North Downs, and in the London commuter belt. It is one of the main constituents of the Borough of Reigate and Banstead. This part of Surrey including the adjacent town of Redhill is sometimes grouped together as part of the Gatwick Diamond, M23 corridor or Crawley Urban Area however is spaced out with Metropolitan Green Belt.
Colley Hill, one mile (1.6 km) north of Reigate, is the sixth highest point in Surrey at 756 feet (230 m). Reigate Hill, 2.5 miles (4.0 km) to the east of Colley Hill, is the seventh highest point in Surrey at 723 feet (220 m).
There are neolithic flint mines on the ridge of the North Downs above Reigate. The Bronze Age barrows on Reigate Heath indicate there was ancient settlement in the area. A Bronze Age spearhead was recovered on Park Hill in Reigate Priory Park. In 2004, a c. 92 AD Roman tile kiln (pictured left) was recovered from the grounds of Rosehill in Doods Way, Reigate. Tiles on the Rosehill site were first discovered in the 1880s. The tiles would have been used for important buildings in the area. The Rosehill find is also the oldest recorded use of Reigate Stone (Upper Greensand) for "ashlar masonry work".
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Rickmansworth
Coordinates: 51°38′18″N 0°27′57″W / 51.6383°N 0.4659°W / 51.6383; -0.4659
Rickmansworth is the administrative seat of the Three Rivers District Council in Hertfordshire, England. With a population of 14,571 recorded at the 2001 census, Rickmansworth is a small town in South-West Hertfordshire, located mainly to the north of the Grand Union Canal and the River Colne. The nearest large town is Watford, 4.4 miles (7.1 km) to the east. It grew dramatically during the Victorian era, and then again during the 1920s and 1930s as part of the Metro-land area, due to the extension of Metropolitan Railway, and became a commuter town. Chiltern Main Line diesel-express trains from Marylebone station, London, via Harrow-on-the Hill, to Aylesbury–change for Birmingham–and fast, electric Metropolitan trains from the City of London, via Baker Street, to Amersham-on-the-Hill (all stopping at Rickmansworth station) together with the rural surroundings, have all contributed to the growth of Rickmansworth.
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River Chess
Coordinates: 51°42′22″N 0°36′36″W / 51.706°N 0.610°W / 51.706; -0.610
The River Chess is a chalk stream which springs from Chesham, Buckinghamshire and runs through Buckinghamshire and Hertfordshire, in south-eastern England. The Chess, along with the Colne and Gade, gives rise to the name of the district of Three Rivers, in which it forms its confluence with the Colne. The River Chess falls 60 m and is 17.9 km long.
Its name arose by back-formation from the name of Chesham. It was once known as the Pittlesburne which incorporates the old word burna used in the Chilterns to describe a clear spring-fed stream on a lower dip-slope, often with a stony bed. Examples are the rivers Misbourne and Bulbourn and the river Ver was formerly the Redbourne.
The river rises from springs in the Vale of Chesham and in Pednor before flowing in a south-easterly direction past Waterside. The river banks are mostly not public rights of way, and only small stretches of the river are accessible. Beyond Latimer it flows to the north of Chenies and on towards Rickmansworth after which it becomes a tributary of the River Colne. It is navigable only in its lower reaches.
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River Misbourne
Coordinates: 51°42′14″N 0°42′29″W / 51.704°N 0.708°W / 51.704; -0.708
The River Misbourne rises in a field on the outskirts of Great Missenden, Buckinghamshire, and flows down the Misbourne valley to join the River Colne just north of where the latter is crossed by the A40 Western Avenue.
It passes through Little Missenden, Old Amersham, Chalfont St Giles and Chalfont St Peter, and under the Chiltern railway line and the M25 on its way down the valley. It has for some years suffered from reduced or no flow because of abstraction for supply from the aquifers feeding it. The low flow caused its course to be neglected or partially obstructed, so when the water companies undertook remedial measures which restored the flow there were episodes of flooding in Chalfont St Peter and Chalfont St Giles village centres. Later work has restored the integrity of the course, and no floods have occurred since then.
The river is a 'perch' stream, flowing over a bed of impermeable material on top of a porous substrate. This state is only quasi-stable, since in periods of low rainfall the water table drops below the level of the impermeable layer. If ground works are then carried out which damage this layer, the river can sink into the porous substrate and disappear.
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River Ouzel
The River Ouzel ( /ˈuːzəl/), also known as the River Lovat, is a river in England, and a tributary of the River Great Ouse. It rises in the Chiltern Hills and flows 20 miles north to join the Ouse at Newport Pagnell.
It is usually called the River Ouzel, except near Newport Pagnell where both names are used. The name Lovat was recorded (in the form "Lovente") in the thirteenth century, a map of 1724 marks the river as "Lowsel R", and a map surveyed in 1765 shows it as "Ouzel River". The modern Ordnance Survey uses only the name Ouzel, except north of Willen Lake where it is marked as "River Ouzel or Lovat".
From springs just north of Dagnall, the river initially forms the boundary between Bedfordshire and Buckinghamshire. It is joined by the Ouzel Brook from Houghton Regis, and by Whistle Brook (also known at Ivinghoe as Whizzle Brook) from Pitstone. Near Grove Lock, just south of Leighton Buzzard, it was once joined by Ledburn Brook, which has since been diverted into the Grand Junction Canal (now the Grand Union Canal). At Leighton Buzzard, the river is joined by Clipstone Brook from Milton Bryan via Hockliffe and Clipstone, and to the north of the town the excess water from the canal is released into the river at the Twelve Arches. The river then flows through Milton Keynes, where it is joined by Water Eaton Brook, and as it exits the town it is joined by Crawley Brook from Husborne Crawley. Finally, the river flows through Newport Pagnell to its junction with the Great Ouse.
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River Ray
The River Ray is a river in Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire, England. It rises at Quainton Hill and flows west through a flat countryside for around 25 km or 15 miles. It passes the village of Ambrosden and then flows through Otmoor. It joins the River Cherwell near Islip.
In 1815 a new channel was cut between Charlton-on-Otmoor and Oddington, known as the New River Ray, to divert much of the water flow around the northern and western edge of Otmoor.
Coordinates: 51°49′11″N 1°14′32″W / 51.8197°N 1.2423°W / 51.8197; -1.2423
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River Thame
The River Thame (pronounced /ˈteɪm/) is a river in Southern England. It is a tributary of the larger and better-known River Thames.
The general course of the River Thame is north-east to south-west and the distance from its source to the River Thames is about 40 miles (65 km). It flows through the English counties of Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire.
The River Thame's source is several small streams which rise in the Vale of Aylesbury on the north side of the Chiltern Hills. These streams converge north-east of Aylesbury, the county town of Buckinghamshire. Aylesbury played an important role in the English Civil War when John Hampden (the town's Member of Parliament) defended Aylesbury at the Battle of Holman's Bridge, which crosses the Thame to the north of Aylesbury, in 1642.
The vale streams converge very close to the new village of Watermead. After leaving Watermead, the River Thame flows through farmland passing the small villages of Nether Winchendon and Chearsley before reaching the market town of Thame with which it shares its name. Thame is about 15 miles (24 km) east of Oxford and grew from an Anglo-Saxon settlement beside the river. In Anglo-Saxon times, Thame was in the Diocese of Dorchester.
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River Tove
The River Tove is a river in England, a tributary of the River Great Ouse. Rising in Northamptonshire, it flows for about 15 miles (24 km) north and east of the town of Towcester (meaning 'camp on the Tove') near Bury Mount before meeting the Ouse near Milton Keynes. Its final 5 miles (8 km) form part of the border between Northamptonshire and Buckinghamshire, running alongside the Grand Union Canal. The river ultimately flows into the North Sea.
The Old English name of Towcester, which is named for the River Tove, is Tófe-ceaster, suggesting (since ceaster comes from the Latin castra, meaning "camp") that the Old English name for the Tove was some form of Tófe. Bosworth and Toller give the "Scandinavian proper names" Tófi and Tófa for comparison. Tófa, in turn, is a shortened form of Thorfrithr, meaning "beautiful Thor" or "peace of Thor."
Coordinates: 52°07′45″N 0°57′03″W / 52.12917°N 0.95083°W / 52.12917; -0.95083
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Rochester, Kent
Coordinates: 51°23′18″N 0°29′54″E / 51.3883°N 0.4982°E / 51.3883; 0.4982
Rochester is a town and former city in Kent, England. It is located within the unitary authority area of Medway and is at the lowest bridging point of the River Medway about 30 miles (48 km) from London. The town is known for its cathedral and castle, and for an epic siege in 1215. Rochester, together with neighbouring Chatham, Gillingham, Strood and a number of outlying villages, makes up the Medway unitary authority area.
The Romano-British name for Rochester was Durobrivae, later Durobrivis c.730 and Dorobrevis in 844.
The commonly cited origins of this are:
See the main History of Rochester, Kent for more details on the toponymy.
Durobrivis was pronounced 'Robrivis. Bede copied down this name, c730, mistaking its meaning as Hrofi's fortified camp (OE Hrofes cæster). From this we get c730 Hrofæscæstre, 811 Hrofescester, 1086 Rovescester, 1610 Rochester.
The Latinised adjective 'Roffensis' refers to Rochester.
Neolithic remains have been found in the vicinity of Rochester. Immediately prior to the Roman invasion it was one of the two administrative centres of the Cantiaci tribe. During the Roman invasion a fierce battle was fought over the river crossing. The first bridge was subsequently constructed early in the Roman period. During the later Roman period the settlement was walled in stone.
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Rowsham
Coordinates: 51°51′54″N 0°45′54″W / 51.865°N 0.765°W / 51.865; -0.765
Rowsham is a hamlet in the parish of Wingrave, in Buckinghamshire, England. It is located to the south of the main village on the A418 road that links Bierton with Wing.
The hamlet name is Anglo Saxon in origin, and means 'Hrothwulf's home'. In manorial rolls of 1170 it was recorded as Rollesham.
In recent times there has been a campaign among the local residents of Rowsham to have the speed limit through their hamlet reduced from 60 miles per hour to 40 miles per hour. This is on account of the fact that there is a dangerous bend in the road where the hamlet is located, that is a common place for car accidents to occur. This reduction has now taken place.
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Royal College of Art
The Royal College of Art (informally the RCA) is a public research university specialised in art and design located in London, United Kingdom. It is the world's only wholly postgraduate university of art and design, offering the degrees of Master of Arts (M.A.), Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.) and Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.). It was founded in 1837 and has had university status since 1967.
The RCA is based in the South Kensington and Battersea areas of Central London.
The RCA was founded in 1837 as the Government School of Design. In 1853, it became the National Art Training School with the Female School of Art in separate buildings; and, in 1896, it received the name Royal College of Art. During the 19th century, it was often referred to as the South Kensington Schools. See Richard Burchett, an early Headmaster, for more details on this period. After 130 years in operation, the Royal College of Art was granted its Royal Charter in 1967, which gave it the status of an independent university with the power to grant its own degrees.
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Sandhurst, Berkshire
Coordinates: 51°20′56″N 0°48′00″W / 51.349°N 0.800°W / 51.349; -0.800
Sandhurst is a small town and civil parish in England of 7,966 homes and 20,803 inhabitants (2001 Census data), primarily domiciliary in nature with a few light industries. It is in the south eastern corner of the ceremonial Royal County of Berkshire, within the Borough of Bracknell Forest, and is situated 33 miles (53 km) south west of central London, 2.5 miles (4.0 km) north west of Camberley and 6 miles (9.7 km) south of Bracknell.
Sandhurst is known worldwide as the location of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst (often referred to simply as "Sandhurst", "The Academy" or "The RMA"). Despite its close proximity to Camberley, Sandhurst is also home to a large and well-known out-of-town mercantile development. The site is named "The Meadows" and has a Tesco Extra hypermarket and a Marks and Spencer, two of the largest in the country.[citation needed]
Sandhurst is located at grid reference SU836618. Sandhurst is situated within the South East of England on the border of the home counties of Berkshire, Hampshire and Surrey. The town itself consists of four main districts, from west to east: Little Sandhurst, Sandhurst (central) and College Town, with Owlsmoor to the northeast. North of the town are Edgbarrow Woods and Wildmoor Heath. To the east is Broadmoor Bottom, an expanse of heathland together with fir tree plantations. This eventually backs onto the high-security Broadmoor Hospital.
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Sevenoaks
Coordinates: 51°16′41″N 0°11′15″E / 51.2781°N 0.1874°E / 51.2781; 0.1874
Sevenoaks is a commuter town situated on the London fringe of west Kent, England, 24 miles (38.6 km) south-east of Charing Cross, on one of the principal commuter rail lines from the capital. The town gives its name to the Sevenoaks district, of which it is the principal town, followed by Swanley and Edenbridge.
The presence of Knole House, a large mansion, led to the earlier settlement becoming a village and in the 13th century a market was established.[citation needed] Sevenoaks became part of the modern communications network when one of the earlier turnpikes was opened in the 18th century; the railway was relatively late in reaching it. It has a large commuting population although the nearby Fort Halstead defence installation is a large local employer.
There are several independent educational establishments in the town, including the prestigious Sevenoaks School.
The town's name is derived from the Saxon word "Seouenaca", the name given to a small chapel near seven oak trees in Knole Park around AD 800.[citation needed]
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Shabbington
Coordinates: 51°45′25″N 1°02′10″W / 51.757°N 1.036°W / 51.757; -1.036
Shabbington is a village and civil parish in the Aylesbury Vale district of Buckinghamshire, England, about 3 miles (5 km) west of Thame in neighbouring Oxfordshire, and 7 miles (11 km) southwest of Aylesbury.
The village is close to the River Thame, which forms much of the southern boundary of the parish and also part of the county boundary with Oxfordshire. The parish has an area of 2,152 acres (871 ha).
The toponym is derived from the Old English for "Scobba's farm". It appears as Sobintone in Domesday Book of 1086 and again in a record from the 14th century. It is spelt Shobindon in records from the 15th and 16th centuries. Until the Victorian era it was alternatively spelt Shobington; it was at about this time that the name changed to its current spelling.
In the reign of Edward the Confessor a Saxon thegn, Wigod of Wallingford, held the manor of Shabbington. In the Norman conquest of England, Wigod supported the invader William of Normandy and afterwards Wigod gave his daughter Ealdgyth in marriage to the Norman baron Robert D'Oyly, who had Wallingford Castle built. Ealdgyth bore D'Oyly no male heir so the D'Oyly estates passed to their daughter Maud or Matilda, and then to her first husband Miles Crispin, who may have been the first castellan of Wallingford Castle. Shabbington remained part of the Honour of Wallingford until the 16th century, when the Wallingford estates became part of the Honour of Ewelme.
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Shalstone
Coordinates: 52°01′24″N 1°03′58″W / 52.0234°N 1.0660°W / 52.0234; -1.0660
Shalstone is a village and also a civil parish within Aylesbury Vale district in Buckinghamshire, England. It is located in the north of the county, about four miles north west of Buckingham. The village name is Anglo Saxon in origin, and means 'farm by a shallow stream'. In the Domesday Book of 1086 the village was recorded as Celdestone.
Shalstone Church dedicated to St Edward was almost entirely reconstructed in 1862 by the architect Sir George Gilbert Scott. Some memorial tablets in the church survived the rebuilding and these are dedicated to members of the Purefoy family and their relatives the Jervoise family. Some of the memorial statuary is by Sir Richard Westmacott (remembered chiefly for his work on the new Houses of Parliament in London).
One remarkable memorial tablet commemorates the life of Elizabeth Purefoy - a seemingly dominating woman who ruled her unmarried son Henry until he predeceased her. She was widowed in 1704 when she was 32, and survived her husband by a further 61 years. Her memorial reads:
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Shepperton
Coordinates: 51°24′N 0°28′W / 51.40°N 0.46°W / 51.40; -0.46
Shepperton is an English town in the borough of Spelthorne, Surrey which was formerly in the historic county of Middlesex. It is located about 15 miles (24 km) south west of Central London. To the south it is bounded by the river Thames at Desborough Island and is bisected by the M3 motorway. It is equidistant between the north Surrey towns of Chertsey to the west and Sunbury-on-Thames to the east.
The name is derived from 'Shepherd's Town', which translates into Saxon language as the 'Scepertone' and the name of one of the older streets, Sheep Walk, still reflects that origin.
Shepperton in the Domesday Book of 1086 was called Scepertone. It was held by Westminster Abbey. Its domesday assets were: 8 hides. It had 7 ploughs, pasture for 7 ploughs, 1 weir worth 6s 8d. It rendered £6.
The Church Square area, next to the river is the original village. When a railway station was constructed a mile to the North, linking Shepperton to London's Waterloo station, the village expanded in that direction. George Eliot's Scenes of Clerical Life tells the Sad Fortunes of The Rev.Amos Barton, its curate, and gives a vivid picture of church and village in the early 19th century. Shepperton was a parish in the Staines Rural District in Middlesex from 1894 to 1930, when it became part of the Sunbury-on-Thames Urban District. It was transferred to Surrey in 1965 rather than becoming part of Greater London, though the town is still designated under Middlesex within the Royal Mail's postal system. The town includes the hamlet of Lower Halliford.
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Shipton Brook
Coordinates: 51°56′25″N 0°53′13″W / 51.940305°N 0.887017°W / 51.940305; -0.887017
Winslow is a small market town and also a civil parish designated as a town council within Aylesbury Vale district in north Buckinghamshire. It has a population of about 4500.
The town was first recorded in the charter by which King Offa granted it to St Albans Abbey in 792/3 as Wineshauue, which translated into modern English means Wine's Mound. In the Domesday Book of 1086 it was recorded as Weneslai.
A late Celtic copper torc has been found here, and also a silver drinking-cup of late Roman design.
One of the finer buildings in Buckinghamshire is situated in this small town. Winslow Hall, which sits on the main road leading into the town from Aylesbury. It was built possibly from the designs of Sir Christopher Wren by William Lowndes, secretary to the Treasury. His name and the date 1700 are to be seen on the frieze over the door. The Church of England parish church in High Street, dating from about 1320is dedicated to St Laurence, and is twinned with St Paul’s Church in Winslow, Arizona. The church has a ring of 8 bells, the heaviest weighing 19 long cwt (970 kg)[citation needed].
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Shipton Lee
Shipton Lee is a hamlet in the parish of Quainton, in Buckinghamshire, England.
Coordinates: 51°52′59″N 0°56′20″W / 51.883°N 0.939°W / 51.883; -0.939
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Singleborough
Singleborough is a hamlet in the parish of Great Horwood, in Buckinghamshire, England. It is located about a mile from the main village.
The hamlet name is Anglo Saxon in origin, and means 'gravel hill'.
Coordinates: 51°58′52″N 0°53′06″W / 51.981°N 0.885°W / 51.981; -0.885
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Sittingbourne
Coordinates: 51°20′N 0°44′E / 51.34°N 0.74°E / 51.34; 0.74
Sittingbourne is an industrial town about eight miles (12.9 km) east of Gillingham in England, beside the Roman Watling Street off a creek in the Swale, a channel separating the Isle of Sheppey from mainland Kent. The town is growing rapidly due to a number of large residential developments, and its train line links to London Victoria and HS1 to St Pancras International, the journey taking about an hour from Sittingbourne railway station.
Sittingbourne owes its name to a modernised version of an observation on its location. The town's name came from the fact that there is a small stream or "bourne" running underground in part of the town. Hasted writing in the 1790s in his History of Kent states that:
The Kent Hundred Rolls of 1274-5, preserved in the National Archives, record Sittingbourne as Sydingeburn in the following entries " Item dicunt quod Johannes Maresescall de Synele tenet unam parvam purpresturam in villa de Sydingeburn et solvit domino regi per annum 1d et dominus rex nichil perdit et quod Petrus de London tenet unam parvam purpresturam in villa de Sydingeburn et solvit inde per annum domino regi 1d et rex nichil perdit." Translated as, "Then they say John Marshall de Synele holds one small encroachment in the vill of Sittingbourne and he pays the lord king 1d. each year and the lord king loses nothing and that Peter of London holds one small encroachment in the vill of Sittingbourne and he pays 1d. each year to the lord king and the king loses nothing."
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Slough
Coordinates: 51°30′36″N 0°35′35″W / 51.51°N 0.593056°W / 51.51; -0.593056
Sloughi/ˈslaʊ/ is a borough and unitary authority within the ceremonial county of Royal Berkshire, England. The town straddles the A4 Bath Road (it becomes the Great West Road closer to London) and the Great Western Main Line, 22 miles (35 km) west of central London. At the 2001 census, the population of Slough was 119,070 (est. 122,000 in 2006) and the borough area was the most ethnically diverse local authority area outside London in the United Kingdom. Slough has the highest proportion of religious adherents in England.
Historically, the larger part of the present-day Slough area was formerly in Buckinghamshire with a small part of the borough originally in Middlesex. Slough is home to the Slough Trading Estate, which, coupled with extensive transport links, makes it an important business centre in South East England. It is the largest industrial estate in single private ownership in Europe.
Slough is at grid reference SU978797, just west of Greater London. Nearby towns are Windsor to the south, Maidenhead to the west, Uxbridge to the northeast and Beaconsfield to the north.
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Snodland
Coordinates: 51°19′41″N 0°26′48″E / 51.328°N 0.4467°E / 51.328; 0.4467
Snodland is a small town in the county of Kent, England, located on the River Medway between Rochester and Maidstone. It has a population of about 12,000 people.
The town is situated on the A228 road connecting the Medway Towns with Tonbridge. The M20 motorway junction 4 is 2 miles south of the town allowing good access to London and the Channel Ports. The Snodland by-pass takes heavy commercial traffic away from the town centre (an area commonly referred to as "the village" by residents). The Medway Valley Line between Strood and Maidstone passes through Snodland. There is a station; for London passengers change at Strood or Maidstone Barracks/Maidstone East.
The first Roman advance in the conquest of Britain may have crossed the River Medway near Snodland, although there are contending locations. The supposed crossing place is marked by a memorial on the opposite side of the river from Snodland, close to Burham. Near this spot, a ferry later carried pilgrims bound for Canterbury along the Pilgrims' Way.
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Soulbury
Coordinates: 51°56′11″N 0°43′06″W / 51.9363°N 0.7183°W / 51.9363; -0.7183
Soulbury is a village and also a civil parish within Aylesbury Vale district in Buckinghamshire, England. It is located in the Aylesbury Vale, about three miles south of the Milton Keynes urban area, three miles north of Wing. The village name is Anglo Saxon in origin, and means 'stronghold in a gully'. In the Domesday Book of 1086 the village was recorded as Soleberie.
The parish contains the hamlets of :
The parish extends as far as Rammamere Farm on Watling Street. Rammamere Heath is managed with King's Wood in Heath and Reach as a nature reserve.
A 17th century mansion Liscombe Park, originally the seat of the Lovett Family was rebuilt in the 1920s by the Bonsor Family who live there today. The house is built of brick with small turrets and crennelations, in the style of an 18th century pseudo gothic castle. The interiors are a mixture of panelling and some 18th century styles. Near to the house is the former much older chapel, this today has been converted to a billiards room. The house is not open to the public, but the gardens are sometimes used for fairs and fetes.
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South Bucks
South Bucks is one of four local government districts in the non-metropolitan county of Buckinghamshire, in South East England.
The district was formed on 1 April 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972, by the amalgamation of the area of Beaconsfield Urban District with part of Eton Rural District. The district was originally named Beaconsfield: it was renamed to its present title on on 1 April 1980, following the passing of a resolution by the district council. It is formally called 'South Bucks' rather than 'South Buckinghamshire'.
A large part of the district is sandwiched between the M40 and M4 motorways, both of which have junctions within the district. The major M40/M25 interchange is located near Gerrards Cross, it is the M25's only junction in the district. South Bucks contains the greatest length of motorway in any Buckinghamshire district. Railway lines follow the motorways- they are the Great Western Main Line and the Chiltern Main Line, with important stations in Beaconsfield and Gerrards Cross. Denham Aerodrome in the southeast of the district has a small number of chartered flights running out of it.
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South Midlands
The South Midlands is a notional area of England. According to one definition, it is the southern portion of the East Midlands together with the northern portion of South East England and the western portion of the East of England, and just as there is no agreed definition for these areas, various organisations use the name South Midlands to refer to an area that is specific to their own way of dividing up the country. The term is not widely used and it is not one of the English administrative regions. One major usage is as a label for one of the areas identified by the Government for urban development.
The Government refers to an area centred on Milton Keynes as the 'Milton Keynes and South Midlands growth area'. This area comprises the whole of Bedfordshire, the whole of Northamptonshire, and parts of Buckinghamshire (the districts of Milton Keynes and Aylesbury Vale). It straddles the boundaries of the Government Office Regions and includes portions of the East Midlands, East of England, and South East England regions.
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Southborough, Kent
Coordinates: 51°09′35″N 0°15′55″E / 51.1598°N 0.2652°E / 51.1598; 0.2652
Southborough civil parish, with the title of town in the District of Tunbridge Wells, in Kent, England. It lies immediately to the north of Tunbridge Wells itself, with the A26 London road passing through it. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 11,124. The town is within the High Weald Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
After the Norman Conquest, the area came within the domain of Tonbridge Castle, one of 4 boroughs to do so. This was the South Borough.
Southborough separated from Tonbridge in 1871 when its own board of health was formed[citation needed]. From then, until 1894, it was recreated to become an urban district, with its own elected council to manage its affairs. It retained that title until 1974, when local government reorganisation reverted its title to a civil parish. By historical accident, however, Southborough had a town council, which it has retained.
The Southborough Town Council consists of 18 members, from the three town wards: North (seven councillors); West (six); and East (five). The posts of mayor and deputy mayor are elected annually. As with a normal civil parish, its responsibilities are less than those of the borough. The town has its own grant of heraldry: they include reference to the cricket ball industry, and contain two sprigs of broom, alluding to High Brooms.
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Southcourt
Coordinates: 51°48′13″N 0°49′01″W / 51.803658°N 0.816974°W / 51.803658; -0.816974
Southcourt is a housing estate in Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, England. Building commenced in the early 1920s through to the mid-1930s and only stopped because of the Second World War. It was turned into a post war housing estate during the years of 1946 and 1955. The area is named after the pig farm over which the housing estate was built.
The oldest house in Southcourt is in Cottesloe Road on the junction of Clover Lane. This was the original farmhouse built at the start of the 20th century. The first sod for the rest of the estate was cut in 1922 by The Duke of York: hence one of the first roads of the estate was named York Place in his honour. At the time the housing was publicised as "Homes for Heroes", and the first houses on the estate were reserved solely for veterans of the First World War.
Until 1967, there used to be a 'Halt' at what is now the present pedestrian crossing from Southcourt to Stoke Road. The 'Aylesbury South Halt' as it used to be known, was on the ex GWR (originally broad gauge) line to Princes Risborough and High Wycombe, a stop for the train into Aylesbury to pause for any passengers who wanted a short train journey into the centre of town. It comprised a small wooden platform and shelter.
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Southend Urban Area
The Southend Urban Area is the informal name for the urban area including and surrounding Southend-on-Sea in Essex, England. The ONS defines the Southend Urban Area as having a population of 269,400, making it the largest urban area within the East of England. Its population has grown nearly 1% from the 1991 figure of 266,749
It includes the following places:
Southend-on-Sea borough has a population of 160,257, although during the summer months numbers in the town are swelled significantly by tourists - the figures for 2004, for instance, show that 6.43 million visitors made their way to the Southend-on-sea area over the course of that year.
The postcode for Southend Urban Area is SS.
Coordinates: 51°32′39″N 0°40′12″E / 51.5443°N 0.6700°E / 51.5443; 0.6700
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Southend-on-Sea
Southend-on-Sea ( pronunciation (help·info)) is a unitary authority area, town, and seaside resort in Essex, England. The district has Borough status, and comprises the towns of Chalkwell, Eastwood, Leigh-on-Sea, North Shoebury, Prittlewell, Shoeburyness, Southchurch, Thorpe Bay, and Westcliff-on-Sea. The district is situated within the Thames Gateway on the north side of the Thames estuary 40 miles (64 km) east of central London. It is bordered to the north by Rochford and to the west by Castle Point. It is home to the longest leisure pier in the world, The Southend Pier.London Southend Airport is located 2 Miles north of the town Center, and is one of London's 6 Major Airports.
Originally the "south end" of the village of Prittlewell, Southend became a seaside resort during the Georgian era, attracting many tourists in the summer months to its seven miles[citation needed] of beaches and bathing in the sea. Good rail connections and proximity to London mean that much of the economy has been based on tourism, and that Southend has been a dormitory town for city workers ever since. Southend Pier is the world's longest pleasure pier at 1.34 miles (2158m). It has suffered fires and ship collisions, most recently in October 2005, but the basic pier structure has been repaired each time. There has been significant loss of pier-head facilities since the major fire in 1976.
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St Albans
Coordinates: 51°45′18″N 0°20′10″W / 51.755°N 0.336°W / 51.755; -0.336
St Albans /sɨnt ˈɔːlbənz/ is a city in southern Hertfordshire, England, around 22 miles (35 km) north of central London, which forms the main urban area of the City and District of St Albans.
It is a historic market town, and is now a sought-after dormitory town within the London commuter belt. Property prices are notoriously high within the district, which is one of the most expensive in the UK.
St Albans has two official demonyms: Verulamian and Old Albanian. St Albans was a settlement of pre-Roman origin named Verlamion (or Verulam) by the Ancient British, Catuvellauni tribe. It became the first major town on the old Roman road of Watling Street for travellers heading north and became the Roman city of Verulamium.
Saint Alban, the first British Christian martyr, was beheaded in AD 308 by Maximian on the orders of Emperor Diocletian, who denounced the Christian faith and had ordered the deaths of all subjects and allies of the Roman Empire who refused to give up the faith. Saint Alban consequently gave the town its modern name.
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Stanwell
Coordinates: 51°27′02″N 0°28′59″W / 51.45067°N 0.48314°W / 51.45067; -0.48314
Stanwell is a suburban village in the Surrey borough of Spelthorne. It is located 15.7 miles (24.8 km) west south-west of Charing Cross and half a mile (0.8 km) from the southern boundary of London Heathrow Airport and the London Borough of Hillingdon. The census area Stanwell North has a population of 7,301 and the census area Stanwell South has a population of 4,766.
There are two theories regarding the origin of the name Stanwell. One is that it was named after St Anne's Well in the village. The second, and more likely, theory is that it in fact means 'stone well'. Indeed the first few letters of the name are the same as in the name of neighbouring Staines, which also is said to mean 'stones'.[citation needed]
Stanwell appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Stanwelle. It was held by Walter, son of Othere. Its domesday assets were: 15 hide. It had 4 mills worth £3 10s 0d and 375 eels, 3 weirs worth 1000 eels, 10 ploughs, meadow for 12 ploughs and woodland worth 12 hogs. It rendered £14.
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Steeple Claydon
Coordinates: 51°56′11″N 0°58′59″W / 51.9365°N 0.9830°W / 51.9365; -0.9830
Steeple Claydon is a village and also a civil parish within the district of Aylesbury Vale in Buckinghamshire, England. Steeple Claydon is located about four miles south of Buckingham, six miles north west of Waddesdon. The village's name 'Claydon' is Anglo Saxon in origin, and means 'clay hill'. In the Domesday Book of 1086 the area (including the nearby places of Botolph Claydon, East Claydon and Middle Claydon) was known as Claindone. The prefix 'Steeple' refers to the steeple of the parish church, which is prominent in the village and was added to differentiate it from the other local places. The manor of Steeple Claydon was once a royal possession. It was given as a wedding gift to Robert D'Oyly by King Henry I because D'Oyly was marrying one of the king's former mistresses. Later, after changing hands several times it came into the possession of King Edward IV when it was left to him in the will of his grandfather the Earl of March. The manor house has since been pulled down. Thomas Chaloner, the regicide, built a school in the village in 1656. This site later became the public library. The current Steeple Claydon School is a mixed, community, primary school, which has approximately 150 pupils from the age of four through to the age of eleven.
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Stevenage
Stevenage is a town and borough in Hertfordshire, England. It is situated to the east of junctions 7 and 8 of the A1(M), and is between Letchworth Garden City to the north, and Welwyn Garden City to the south.
Stevenage is roughly 30 miles (50 km) north of central London. Its population was 1,430 in 1801, 4,049 in 1901, 79,724 in 2001 and 84,651 in 2007. The largest increase occurred in the 1950s and 1960s, after Stevenage was designated a new town under the New Towns Act of 1946.
Two films have been filmed and set in Stevenage, Here We Go Round the Mulberry Bush and Boston Kickout. Spy Game was partly filmed in Stevenage but set in Washington, D.C. The BBC sitcom Saxondale was set and filmed almost entirely in Stevenage.
Stevenage may derive from Old English stiþen āc / stiðen āc / stithen ac (various Old English dialects cited here) meaning '(place at) the strong oak'.
The name was recorded as Stithenæce, c.1060 and Stigenace in 1086 in the Domesday Book.
The present site of Stevenage lies near a Roman road that ran from Verulamium to Baldock. Some Romano-British remains were discovered during the building of the New Town, and a hoard of 2,000 silver Roman coins was discovered in 1986 during new house building in the Chells Manor part of Stevenage. The most substantial evidence of activity from Roman times are the Six Hills, six tumuli by the side of the old Great North Road - presumably the burial places of a local family.
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Stewkley
Coordinates: 51°55′34″N 0°45′40″W / 51.9262°N 0.7610°W / 51.9262; -0.7610
Stewkley is a village and a civil parish within the Aylesbury Vale district of Buckinghamshire, England. It is located 5 miles (8 km) East of Winslow and 4 miles (6 km) West of Leighton Buzzard.
The village name Stewkley is Anglo Saxon in origin, and means woodland clearing with tree stumps. In the Domesday Book of 1086 it was recorded as Stiuclai.
The principal manor in Stewkley once belonged to the son of Geoffrey Chaucer, who was an occasional visitor to the village.
The parish church, dedicated to St Michael and All Angels, is one of the least-altered of England's 6000 Norman churches. There is also a Methodist Chapel in High Street South, and St Michael's Church of England Combined School, for children aged 4–11.
In 1969/70 Stewkley was scheduled to be destroyed to make way for the building of London's Third Airport, but was saved after villagers fought an environmental and political campaign; the Wing Airport Resistance Association (WARA).
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Stewkley Dean
Coordinates: 51°55′34″N 0°45′40″W / 51.9262°N 0.7610°W / 51.9262; -0.7610
Stewkley is a village and a civil parish within the Aylesbury Vale district of Buckinghamshire, England. It is located 5 miles (8 km) East of Winslow and 4 miles (6 km) West of Leighton Buzzard.
The village name Stewkley is Anglo Saxon in origin, and means woodland clearing with tree stumps. In the Domesday Book of 1086 it was recorded as Stiuclai.
The principal manor in Stewkley once belonged to the son of Geoffrey Chaucer, who was an occasional visitor to the village.
The parish church, dedicated to St Michael and All Angels, is one of the least-altered of England's 6000 Norman churches. There is also a Methodist Chapel in High Street South, and St Michael's Church of England Combined School, for children aged 4–11.
In 1969/70 Stewkley was scheduled to be destroyed to make way for the building of London's Third Airport, but was saved after villagers fought an environmental and political campaign; the Wing Airport Resistance Association (WARA).
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Stockgrove
Coordinates: 51°56′11″N 0°43′06″W / 51.9363°N 0.7183°W / 51.9363; -0.7183
Soulbury is a village and also a civil parish within Aylesbury Vale district in Buckinghamshire, England. It is located in the Aylesbury Vale, about three miles south of the Milton Keynes urban area, three miles north of Wing. The village name is Anglo Saxon in origin, and means 'stronghold in a gully'. In the Domesday Book of 1086 the village was recorded as Soleberie.
The parish contains the hamlets of :
The parish extends as far as Rammamere Farm on Watling Street. Rammamere Heath is managed with King's Wood in Heath and Reach as a nature reserve.
A 17th century mansion Liscombe Park, originally the seat of the Lovett Family was rebuilt in the 1920s by the Bonsor Family who live there today. The house is built of brick with small turrets and crennelations, in the style of an 18th century pseudo gothic castle. The interiors are a mixture of panelling and some 18th century styles. Near to the house is the former much older chapel, this today has been converted to a billiards room. The house is not open to the public, but the gardens are sometimes used for fairs and fetes.
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Stoke Hammond
Coordinates: 51°57′24″N 0°43′08″W / 51.9568°N 0.7190°W / 51.9568; -0.7190
Stoke Hammond is a village and also a civil parish within Aylesbury Valedistrict in north Buckinghamshire, England, about two and a half miles south of Fenny Stratford (Milton Keynes).
The village was first recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Stoche: a common place name in England denoting an Anglo-Saxon church or place of worship. The suffix Hammond was added later in manorial records though it refers to the family who owned the estate at the time of the Domesday survey. Hamon Brito, son of Mainfelin Brito, was the owner of the manor of Stoke in the 12th century.
The manor later passed into the ownership of the Duke of Norfolk; the family still owned it at the end of the Victorian era. The Disney family, apparently related to the illustrator Walt Disney, was also at one time an influential family in the parish.
The parish church is dedicated to St Luke. There is also a Methodist Chapel, built in 1927.
The A4146 road passed through the village until the new bypass opened on 14 September 2007.
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Stoke Mandeville
Coordinates: 51°47′10″N 0°47′29″W / 51.7861°N 0.7914°W / 51.7861; -0.7914
Stoke Mandeville is a village and also a civil parish within Aylesbury Vale district 3 miles (4.8 km) to the south-east of Aylesbury in the county of Buckinghamshire, England. Although a separate civil parish, the village falls within the Aylesbury Urban Area. Stoke Mandeville Hospital, although named after the village, is located on the parish's border with Aylesbury and has the largest spinal injuries ward in Europe.
The village was originally recorded as Stoches in the Domesday Book of 1086, from the Old English word stoc meaning an outlying farm or hamlet. The suffix Mandeville was first recorded in 1284 when the manor was listed as being in the hands of the powerful Norman de Mandeville family. The former medieval parish church on the outskirts of the village was condemned in the mid 20th Century and was demolished in January 1966. The newer red brick parish church of St Mary, consecrated in July 1866 by Bishop of Oxford Samuel Wilberforce, remains as the only church in the village apart from the Methodist church in Eskdale Road.
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Stony Stratford
Coordinates: 52°03′24″N 0°51′09″W / 52.0567°N 0.8526°W / 52.0567; -0.8526
Stony Stratford (often shortened to Stony) is a constituent town of Milton Keynes (in north Buckinghamshire, England) and is a civil parish with a town council within the Borough of Milton Keynes. It is in the north west corner of Milton Keynes, bordering Northamptonshire and separated from it by the River Great Ouse. Before the designation of Milton Keynes in 1967, Stony was in Wolverton Urban District, north Buckinghamshire. Stony had a last recorded population of 11,800 in the 2001 census.
Since at least Roman times, there has been a settlement here at the ford of Watling Street over the Great Ouse. The town's market charter dates from 1194 and its status as a town from 1215.
The town name 'Stratford' is Anglo-Saxon in origin, and means 'ford on a Roman road'. The Roman road in this sense is the Watling Street that runs through the middle of the town. The ford is the crossing of the River Ouse. The prefix 'Stony' refers to the stones on the bed of the ford, differentiating the town from nearby Fenny Stratford.
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Strood
Coordinates: 51°24′11″N 0°29′17″E / 51.403168°N 0.488033°E / 51.403168; 0.488033
Strood is a town in the unitary authority of Medway in South East England. It is part of the ceremonial county of Kent. It lies on the north west bank of the River Medway at its lowest bridging point, and is part of the Rochester post town.
Strood was part of Frindsbury until 1193, but now Frindsbury is considered part of Strood. Strood's history has been dominated by the river, the bridges and the road and rail links they carried. It is now a mainly residential suburb of Rochester, and a commuter town for London.
Strood was part of Frindsbury until 1193. It was named "Strodes" in the Textus Roffensis, though most early records use the spelling Stroud. The name Strõd or Strõþ refers to a marshy land overgrown with brushwood.
The Romans built a stone bridge and laid a road on a causeway across the marshy ground. The foundations were about 8 ft below the level of the 1856 road. The road went up Strood Hill, and was called Watling Street, as it still is today. This is the A2 road . There is further evidence of a causewayed road leading along the bank towards the Frindsbury Peninsula leading to a villa, was found in 1819. The present road and field pattern suggest that there was a substantial Roman agricultural settlement centred near Frindsbury.
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Sunbury-on-Thames
Coordinates: 51°26′N 0°26′W / 51.43°N 0.43°W / 51.43; -0.43
Sunbury-on-Thames, also known as Sunbury, is a town in the Surrey borough of Spelthorne, England, and part of the London commuter belt. It is located 16 miles (25 km) southwest of central London and bordered by Feltham and Hampton, flanked on the south by the River Thames.
The earliest evidence of occupation in Sunbury is provided by the discovery of Bronze Age funerary urns dating from the 10th century BC. It is mentioned in the Sunbury Charter in AD 962. Many years later the arrival of Huguenot refugees gave the name to French Street.
Sunbury was in the Middlesex Domesday map in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Suneberie. Its Domesday assets were: 7 hides. It had 5 ploughs, meadow for 6 ploughs, cattle pasture. It rendered £6.
The riverside St Mary's Anglican Church and the Ferry House nearby are mentioned in the book Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens. Other literary references include the difficulty of rowing up Sunbury backwater in "Three men in a boat" by Jerome K. Jerome, and Sunbury Cross under a pall of smoke during The War of the Worlds by H.G.Wells.
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Surrey
Surrey /ˈsʌri/ is a county in the South East of England, and one of the home counties. The county borders Greater London, Kent, East Sussex, West Sussex, Hampshire, and Berkshire. The historic county town is Guildford.Surrey County Council sits at Kingston upon Thames, although this has been part of Greater London since 1965. The London boroughs of Lambeth, Wandsworth and Southwark were considered part of Surrey until 1889; and Croydon, Kingston, Merton, Sutton, Barnes and Richmond - all now reclassified as part of Greater London - were part of Surrey until 1965.
Surrey is divided into 11 boroughs and districts: Elmbridge, Epsom and Ewell, Guildford, Mole Valley, Reigate and Banstead, Runnymede, Spelthorne, Surrey Heath, Tandridge, Waverley, Woking. After the elections of 1 May 2008, the Conservatives are in control of 10 out of 11 councils in Surrey, with Epsom and Ewell in Residents Association control. The Conservatives hold all 11 Parliamentary constituencies within the county borders.
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Swanbourne
Coordinates: 51°56′17″N 0°50′02″W / 51.938°N 0.834°W / 51.938; -0.834
Swanbourne is a village and also a civil parish within Aylesbury Vale district in Buckinghamshire, England. It is located about two miles east of Winslow, three miles west of Stewkley, on the secondary road B4032.
The village name is Anglo Saxon in origin, and possibly means 'swan stream'. In the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in 792 the village was recorded as Suanaburna.
The manor of Swanbourne once belonged to Woburn Abbey. Swanbourne House was bought in 1798 by Thomas Fremantle (1765–1819), for his wife Elizabeth, known as Betsey, for 900 guineas. The Fremantle family, originally from Aston Abbotts, had strong naval connections. Their eldest son Sir Thomas Francis Fremantle (1798–1890) became a prominent Tory politician. Their second son Charles (1800–1869) followed his father into the British Royal Navy and was instrumental in founding the Swan River Colony in Western Australia. This accounts for the place names Fremantle, Swanbourne and Cottesloe in the Perth area of Western Australia.
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Swanley
Coordinates: 51°24′N 0°11′E / 51.4°N 0.18°E / 51.4; 0.18
Swanley is a town and civil parish in the Sevenoaks District of Kent, England. It is located on the south-eastern outskirts of London, north of Sevenoaks town. The town boundaries encompass the settlements of Swanley itself, Hextable (Hextable recently voted to become an independent parish council) and Swanley Village. Swanley has a population of 20,986
In 1066, Swanley only consisted of a few cattle farms, surrounded in oak, sycamore and ash (Fraxinus) woodland. Because Swanley only consisted of a few homesteads,so it was not mentioned in the Domesday Book.
There is a theory that the placename Swanley developed from the Saxon term 'Swine-ley', "Ley" meaning a clearing in the woods and "swine" meaning pigs. So it has been suggested that it was originally a Saxon pig farm. This later developed into what we now know as Swanley. There is however no clear evidence that the derivation of the placename Swanley is 'a clearing for pigs'. This fiction may have been invented by a history teacher at Swanley School sometime in the late 1960s as a backhanded insult towards the kids he or she was expected to teach. If Swanley was a Saxon name chances are it would have received mention in Domesday. It didn't. The name is just as likely to be derived from the personal name Sven, Svein or something similar.
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Thame
Coordinates: 51°45′N 0°58′W / 51.75°N 0.97°W / 51.75; -0.97
Thame (pronounced "Tame", with a silent "h") is a town and civil parish in Oxfordshire, about 7 miles (11 km) southwest of the Buckinghamshire town of Aylesbury. It derives its toponym from the River Thame which flows past the north side of the town.
Thame was founded in the Anglo-Saxon era and lay within the territory of the kingdom of Wessex.
Thame Abbey was founded in 1138 for the Cistercian Order: the abbey church was consecrated in 1145. In the 16th century Dissolution of the Monasteries the abbey was suppressed and the church demolished. Thame Park (the house) was built on the site, incorporating parts of the abbey including the early 16th century abbot's house. Its interior is one of the earliest examples of the Italian Renaissance in England. A Georgian west wing was added in the 18th century. In about 1840 parts of the foundations of the abbey church were excavated: it was 77 yards (70 m) long and 23 yards (21 m) wide, with a Lady Chapel extending a further 15 yards (14 m) at the east end.
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The Fleece Inn
Coordinates: 52°5′32″N 1°51′56″W / 52.09222°N 1.86556°W / 52.09222; -1.86556
The Fleece Inn is a public house in Bretforton, Worcestershire in the Vale of Evesham: the half-timbered building, over six hundred years old, has been a pub since 1848, and is now owned by the National Trust. The inn was extensively damaged by fire on 27 February 2004 — repairs and rebuilding commenced on 1 November 2004. The Fleece officially reopened — with a new roof and improved facilities — on 18 June 2005.
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Tilbury
Coordinates: 51°27′38″N 0°21′30″E / 51.4606°N 0.3582°E / 51.4606; 0.3582
Tilbury is a town in the borough of Thurrock, Essex, England. As a settlement it is of relatively recent existence, although it has important historical connections, being the location of a 16th century fort and an ancient cross-river ferry. It is also the location of a modern deep-water port.
The name of the present town of Tilbury is derived (by way of the port) from the nearby settlements of East and West Tilbury. The name of these settlements is derived from the Saxon burgh, "fortified place", either belonging to Tila, or perhaps at a lowland place. The 8th century spelling (Bede) was "Tilaburg", and the spelling in Domesday was "Tilberia".
Tilbury’s history is closely connected with its geographical location (see below). Its counterpart on the south bank of the River Thames, Gravesend, has long been an important communications link, and it was there that a cross-river ferry (see below) was connected, mainly due to the narrowness of the river at this point. In addition, Gravesend and Northfleet (also on the south shore) both became vitally important to shipping on the Thames: the former as the first port of call for foreign shipping bound for London, and the latter as a naval dockyard.
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Tindal Centre
The Tindal Centre (formerly Tindal Hospital) is a centre for the treatment of mental illnesses in Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, England. It includes a residential hospital for people with profound mental health difficulties and also counselling/therapy outpatient services. It is located to the north east of the town in an area colloquially known as Bierton Hill, opposite Aylesbury Prison.
The building in which the centre and hospital is located was originally the town's workhouse, built in 1844.
Coordinates: 51°49′24″N 0°48′14″W / 51.8232°N 0.8038°W / 51.8232; -0.8038
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Tingewick
Coordinates: 51°59′24″N 1°02′38″W / 51.990°N 1.044°W / 51.990; -1.044
Tingewick is a village and civil parish about 2.5 miles (4.0 km) west of Buckingham in the Aylesbury Vale district of Buckinghamshire, England. The parish is bounded to the north by the River Great Ouse, to the east by a tributary of the Great Ouse, to the west by the county boundary with Oxfordshire and to the south by field boundaries.
The village was formerly on the A421 but from 1998 has been bypassed by a dual carriageway.
The parish comprises about 2,300 acres (930 ha) of mainly arable farmland and pasture with some woodland. Part of the village is a Conservation Area and a number of the 450 dwellings are listed buildings.
The remains of a Roman villa provide evidence of early habitation in the parish. It is about 440 yards (400 m) northeast of the village, about 200 yards (180 m) from the river and lies east of Tingewick Mill. The villa was partly excavated in 1860-62.
The toponym is derived from the Old English for "Teoda's dwelling". The Domesday Book of 1086 records the village as Tedinwiche.
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Tonbridge
Coordinates: 51°11′55″N 0°16′35″E / 51.1987°N 0.2764°E / 51.1987; 0.2764
Tonbridge (pronunciation and historic spelling Tunbridge) is a market town in the English county of Kent, with a population of 30,340 in 2007. It is located on the River Medway, approximately 4 miles north of Tunbridge Wells, 12 miles south west of Maidstone and 29 miles south east of London. It belongs to the administrative borough of Tonbridge and Malling (population 107,560 in 2001).
The town was recorded in the Domesday Book 1087 as Tonebrige, which may indicate a bridge belonging to the estate or manor (from the Old English tun), or alternatively a bridge belonging to Tunna, a common Anglo-Saxon man's name. Another theory suggests that the name is a contraction of "town of bridges", due to the large number of streams the High Street originally crossed.
Until 1870, the town's name was actually spelt Tunbridge, as shown on old maps including the 1871 Ordnance Survey map and contemporary issues of the Bradshaw railway guide. In 1870, this was changed to Tonbridge by the GPO due to confusion with nearby Tunbridge Wells, despite Tonbridge being a much older settlement. Tunbridge Wells has always maintained the same spelling.
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Tring
Coordinates: 51°47′46″N 0°39′33″W / 51.7962°N 0.6592°W / 51.7962; -0.6592
Tring is a small market town and also a civil parish in the Chiltern Hills in Hertfordshire, England. Situated 30 miles (48 km) north-west of London and linked to London by the old Roman road of Akeman Street, by the modern A41, by the Grand Union Canal and by rail lines to Euston Station, Tring is now largely a commuter town in the London commuter belt.
Tring is positioned in west Hertfordshire, adjacent to the Buckinghamshire border, at a low point in the Chiltern Hills known as the 'Tring Gap'. This has been used as a crossing point since ancient times, being at the junction of the Icknield Way and under the Romans Akeman Street, the major Roman road linking London to Cirencester. It is transected east and west by the ancient earthwork called Grim's Dyke. It is located at the summit level of the Grand Union Canal and both the canal and railway pass through in deep cuttings. Tring railway cutting is 4 km (2.5 mi) long and an average of 12 m (39 ft) deep and is celebrated in a series of coloured lithographs by John Cooke Bourne showing its construction in the 1830s.
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Turnfurlong
Coordinates: 51°48′36″N 0°47′43″W / 51.810117°N 0.795192°W / 51.810117; -0.795192
Turnfurlong (also known historically as Turn Furlong) is an area of Aylesbury in Buckinghamshire, England. It is roughly defined as the area of housing that adjoins the two roads, Turnfurlong and Turnfurlong Lane (about a mile in combined length).
Turnfurlong Lane originated as a farm track that linked Walton hamlet with Bedgrove Farm and there was a small farmstead part way along the track called Turnfurlong, roughly in the location of what is now the back of Aylesbury Grammar School. Within the first ten years of the 20th century the new grammar school and the adjoining town cemetery were in place on the edge of Walton hamlet, and it is at about this time that the farmstead of Turnfurlong disappeared from period maps.
Between the First World War and the Second World War Aylesbury was expanding in population and the stretch of Turnfurlong Lane between Walton and what is now Wendover Way was built up with three-bedroomed semi-detached family homes by the bookbinders Hazell, Watson and Viney for their employees. It is at about this time that the adjoining Fair Mile, Walton Way and Clinton Crescent were constructed for the same purpose.
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Turweston
Coordinates: 52°02′05″N 1°07′29″W / 52.0347°N 1.1246°W / 52.0347; -1.1246
Turweston is a village and also a civil parish within Aylesbury Vale district in Buckinghamshire, England. It is located in the north of the county, near the border with Oxfordshire and Northamptonshire, about a mile east of Brackley in the latter.
The village name is Scandinavian in origin, and means 'Þorfrøthr's village'. It was recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Turvestone.
There is also an operational former World War II airfield at Turweston Airfield, now also a conference centre, business park and rally school.
Media related to Turweston at Wikimedia Commons
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea.
The United Kingdom is a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system, with its seat of government in the capital city of London. It is a country in its own right and consists of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. There are three devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in Belfast, Edinburgh and Cardiff, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Associated with the UK, but not constitutionally part of it, are three Crown Dependencies. The United Kingdom has fourteen overseas territories. These are remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in 1922, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land surface and was the largest empire in history. British influence can still be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former territories.
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Upper Bacombe
Upper Bacombe and Lower Bacombe are two hamlets in the parish of Wendover, in Buckinghamshire, England. They are located to the south east of the main town, on and at the foot of Bacombe Hill.
Coordinates: 51°44′56″N 0°45′36″W / 51.749°N 0.760°W / 51.749; -0.760
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Upper Pollicott
Coordinates: 51°49′N 0°59′W / 51.82°N 0.98°W / 51.82; -00.98
Ashendon is a village and civil parish in Buckinghamshire, England. It is about nine miles west of Aylesbury and seven miles north of Thame.
The toponym is derived from the Old English for "Hill overgrown with ash trees". The Domesday Book of 1086 records the village as the property of the Grenville family; it was called Assedune. The original name refers to the fact that in Saxon times this area was completely forested, and served as hunting land for the king.
In recent times the manor of Ashendon passed into the hands of the Marquis of Buckingham.
Included in with the parish of Ashendon are the hamlets of Upper Pollicott and Lower Pollicott. The names of these hamlets derive from the Anglo Saxon Pol's Cottage.
In the less distant past, Ashendon was an entirely farming village and, at present, there is still much agricultural activity within the village. However, some of the farmhouses have been converted into private residences, the best example of this being Ashendon Farm and its barns. Although Ashendon is a small village, in comparison with many nearby Buckinghamshire villages, it has a pub, a recreational playing field, a church and a thriving social club.
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Upper Winchendon
Coordinates: 51°49′22″N 0°55′05″W / 51.8227°N 0.9181°W / 51.8227; -0.9181
Upper Winchendon (also called Over Winchendon) is a village and also a civil parish within Aylesbury Valedistrict in Buckinghamshire, England. It is located about a mile south of Waddesdon, three and a half miles west of Aylesbury.
The village name 'Winchendon' is Anglo Saxon in origin, and means 'hill at a bend'. Collectively the villages of Upper Winchendon and Nether Winchendon (sometimes called Lower Winchendon) were called Wichendone. The prefix 'Upper' was added later to differentiate between the village on higher ground from the village on lower ground.
The ancient manor house in the village used to belong to the convent of St Frideswide in Oxford, to whom it was given by King Henry I. Following the suppression of that convent in the early 16th century the manor was given to Cardinal Wolsey, though was seized by the Crown shortly afterwards in 1544 along with Wolsey's other possessions.
In 1623 the manor was given by the king to the Goodwin family, who expanded the manor house into a fine mansion. It then came into the Wharton family, one of whom was made the Duke of Wharton in 1718 for his services to the Crown. He later had all his possessions seized for being a supporter of the Young Pretender (Bonnie Prince Charlie), after which time the house fell into disrepair and has since been completely demolished.
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Verney Junction
Verney Junction is a hamlet in the parish of Middle Claydon in north Buckinghamshire, England. It is on a disused railway line near Claydon House.
The stone cottages that make up the hamlet were largely constructed to provide houses for workers on the railway in the early Victorian era. The hamlet is named after the Verney family of Claydon House. The new village included a cricket ground for the railway workers.
Until 1936 Verney Junction railway station was the northern outpost of the Metropolitan Railway from Baker Street. It was the junction of that line with the Buckinghamshire Railway between Bletchley and Banbury (opened 1850) with a later line added from Verney Junction to Oxford (opened 1851). It was this later route that formed part of the "Varsity Line" from Oxford to Cambridge, and legend has it that the station was so called because the then isolation of the area meant that the only obvious name was that of the local landowner.
Coordinates: 51°56′24″N 0°55′45″W / 51.9400°N 0.9292°W / 51.9400; -0.9292
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Waddesdon
Coordinates: 51°50′46″N 0°55′17″W / 51.8460°N 0.9215°W / 51.8460; -0.9215
Waddesdon ( /ˈwɒdzdən/) is a village within the Aylesbury Vale district in Buckinghamshire, England, 6 miles from Aylesbury on the A41 road. The centre of a civil parish, including the hamlets of Eythrope, Wormstone and Woodham, Waddesdon was an agricultural settlement with milling, silk weaving and lace making enterprises.
The parish church of St Michael and All Angels dates from 1190 with medieval and Victorian additions. In 2001, the population of the parish was 2000.
Between 1897 and 1936, Waddesdon had train services on the Aylesbury and Buckingham Railway (later part of the Metropolitan) at Waddesdon Manor railway station, two miles from the village. There was also a halt on the Brill Tramway.
In 1874, Baron Ferdinand de Rothschild bought a large estate in the area and built the mansion of Waddesdon Manor on a hill-top above the village. He transformed Waddesdon into an estate village, with new houses for employees and tenants, a school, a public house, cricket pavilion and village hall.
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Waltham Abbey, Essex
Coordinates: 51°41′05″N 0°00′01″E / 51.6846°N 0.0004°E / 51.6846; 0.0004
Waltham Abbey is a market town of about 20,400 people in the south west of the county of Essex, in the East of England region. It is about 24 km north of London on the Greenwich Meridian and lies between the River Lea in the west and Epping Forest in the east. It takes its name from the Abbey Church of Waltham Holy Cross, which was prominent in the early history of the town. The ancient parish covering Waltham Abbey was known as Waltham Holy Cross. The town is in the District of Epping Forest and has its own town council. It is twinned with the German town of Hörstel.
The River Lea, which forms the county boundary with Hertfordshire, is also the town’s western boundary, and the eastern boundary runs through Epping Forest. The land rises gradually from the marshes and meadows by the river to the plateau of London clay in the east, 60–90 metres above sea level, capped by the sand and gravel of Epping Forest. To the south, occupying the former course of the River Lea, is the King George V Reservoir, opened in 1913. Cobbins Brook, a tributary of the River Lea, crosses the parish from east to west. In addition to the town, the parish includes in its 41 km² the villages and hamlets of High Beach, Holyfield, Sewardstone and Upshire. The M25 motorway runs to the south of the town, and can be accessed at Junction 26 via the A121. The town has numerous housing estates such as Ninefields, Roundhills, Marriot and the Meridian Park.
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Walton, Aylesbury
Coordinates: 51°48′38″N 0°48′22″W / 51.810563°N 0.806248°W / 51.810563; -0.806248
Walton (perhaps formerly known as Walcot) is a hamlet in the parish of Aylesbury, in Buckinghamshire, England. Although Aylesbury has grown to such an extent that it completely surrounds Walton by a couple of miles in each direction, the hamlet is still marked on modern maps.
Walton sits north of the junction between two major turnpike roads, and was once the location of a toll gate and the toll keeper's cottage. It has also, in its time, been the location of a foundlings hospital and a leper colony.
The hamlet name is a common one in England. It is Anglo Saxon in origin and either means Walled Settlement or Settlement of the Walhs, the word 'walh' being an Old English word for Briton. There is evidence that there has been a settlement in Walton since the Roman occupation of England where remains of a Romano-British villa have been found. There were also known to be Saxon houses in the vicinity of Walton in the 5th century.
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Ware, Hertfordshire
Coordinates: 51°49′01″N 0°01′45″W / 51.817°N 0.0292°W / 51.817; -0.0292
Ware is a town of around 18,000 people in Hertfordshire, England close to the county town of Hertford. It is also a civil parish in East Hertfordshire district. The Prime Meridian passes to the east of Ware.
The town lies on the north-south A10 road which is partly shared with the east-west A414 (for Hertford to the west and Harlow to the east). There is a large viaduct over the River Lea at Kings Meads. The £3.6m two-mile bypass opened on 17 August 1976. At the north end of the bypass is the Wodson Park Sports Centre, with an athletics track, and Hanbury Manor, a hotel and country club. The former route of the A10 is now the A1170. The railway station is on the Hertford East Branch Line and operated by Greater Anglia and is only single track.
Archaeology has shown that Ware has been occupied since at least the Mesolithic period (which ended about 4000 BC) The Romans had a sizable settlement here and foundations of several buildings, including a temple, and two cemeteries have been found. A well-preserved Roman skeleton of a teenage girl has also been found. Ware was on Ermine Street, the Roman road from London to Lincoln. It has been said that Ware is one of the oldest continuously occupied sites in Europe.
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Water Stratford
Coordinates: 52°00′25″N 1°03′00″W / 52.007°N 1.050°W / 52.007; -1.050
Water Stratford is a village and civil parish on the River Great Ouse in the Aylesbury Vale district of Buckinghamshire, England. It is about 3 miles (4.8 km) west of Buckingham, near the boundary with Oxfordshire.
The toponym "Stratford" is common in England, being derived from the Old English for "ford by a Roman road".[citation needed] The Roman road is still traceable through the village. The prefix "Water" was added to differentiate the village from other places called Stratford. The name has evolved through the centuries from Stradford in the Domesday Book of 1086, through Stratforwe, Straford and Westratforde in the 13th to 15th centuries.
The earliest known record of Water Stratford is from the time of Edward the Confessor (reigned 1042–1066). After the Norman conquest of England Water Stratford was one of many manors in the region that William of Normandy granted to Robert D'Oyly, who built Oxford Castle. The Domesday Book of 1086 assessed Water Stratford's cultiveated land at eight hides. Water Stratford remained in the D'Oyly family until the 13th century, when it passed from Henry D'Oyly to his nephew Thomas de Beaumont, 6th Earl of Warwick. The Earl died heirless, leaving his sister Margaret, by whose marriage Water Stratford then passed to the du Plessis family. Late in the 13th century Hugh du Plessis seems to have granted Water Stratford to Edward I in an exchange of lands. The manor was then the property of successive Princes of Wales until the English Civil War in the middle of the 17th century. No record of the feudal overlordship is known from after 1650.
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Watford
Watfordi/ˈwɒtfərd/ is a town and borough in Hertfordshire, England, situated 18 miles (29 km) northwest of central London and within the bounds of the M25 motorway. The borough is separated from Greater London to the south by the urbanised parish of Watford Rural in the Three Rivers District.
Watford was created as an urban district under the Local Government Act 1894, and became a municipal borough by grant of a charter in 1922. The borough had 79,726 inhabitants at the time of the 2001 Census. The most recent official estimates put the population of Watford at 79,600 at mid-2006.
The nearby areas of Croxley Green, Bushey, Rickmansworth, Chorleywood, Kings Langley, Abbots Langley, Carpenders Park and South Oxhey, located in Three Rivers and Hertsmere districts, also form part of the Watford postcode area. The Watford subdivision of the Greater London Urban Area, which includes much of the neighbouring districts, had a total population of 120,960 in the 2001 census.
Watford stands on a low hill near the point at which the River Colne was forded by travellers between London and the Midlands. This route, originally a pre-Roman trackway, departed from the ancient Roman Watling Street at Stanmore, heading for the Gade valley and thence up the Bulbourne valley to a low and easily traversed section of the Chiltern Hills near Tring. The modern High Street follows the route of this road.
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Welwyn Garden City
Coordinates: 51°48′22″N 0°11′36″W / 51.8062°N 0.1932°W / 51.8062; -0.1932
Welwyn Garden City ( /ˈwɛlɪn/) is a town within the Welwyn Hatfield borough of Hertfordshire, England. It is located approximately 20 miles (32 km) from Kings Cross. Welwyn Garden City was the second garden city in England (founded 1920) and one of the first new towns (designated 1948).
It is unique in being both a garden city and a new town and exemplifies the physical, social and cultural planning ideals of the periods in which it was built. Because of its historical importance it attracts visitors from around the world.
Welwyn Garden City was founded by Sir Ebenezer Howard in the 1920s following his previous experiment in Letchworth Garden City. Howard had called for the creation of planned towns that were to combine the benefits of the city and the countryside and to avoid the disadvantages of both. The Garden Cities and Town Planning Association had defined a garden city as
"a town designed for healthy living and industry of a size that makes possible a full measure of social life but not larger, surrounded by a rural belt; the whole of the land being in public ownership, or held in trust for the community"
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Wendover
Coordinates: 51°46′05″N 0°44′47″W / 51.768034°N 0.746321°W / 51.768034; -0.746321
Wendover is a market town that sits at the foot of the Chiltern Hills in Buckinghamshire, England. It is also a civil parish within Aylesbury Vale district. The mainly arable parish is 5,832 acres (24 km²) in size and contains many hamlets that nestle in amongst the lush forest on the surrounding hills.
The town name is of Brythonic origin and means "white waters", pertaining to the stream that rises in the adjacent hills and flows through the middle of the town, bringing chalk deposits on its way.
The parish church of St Mary sits outside the town to the east on the hillside: a feature that is very common among towns with strong Celtic origins. There is a distinctive red brick, spired clock tower at the crossroads in the centre of the town that was built in 1842. The tree lined Aylesbury Street includes the 16th-century timber framed Chiltern House and 18th-century Red House.
The town has had a Royal charter to hold a weekly market since 1464 meaning that officially it is a town rather than a village, although today many residents of Wendover like to refer to it as the latter. It is part of a civil parish, and the parish uses the term "Parish Council" rather than "Town Council", as it would be entitled to.
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Westlington
Westlington is a hamlet near the village of Dinton in the civil parish of Dinton-with-Ford and Upton, Buckinghamshire, England.
Coordinates: 51°47′17″N 0°53′49″W / 51.788°N 0.897°W / 51.788; -0.897
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Weston Turville
Coordinates: 51°47′30″N 0°45′28″W / 51.7916°N 0.7577°W / 51.7916; -0.7577
Weston Turville is a village and also a civil parish within Aylesbury Vale district in Buckinghamshire, England. It is located about a mile and a half south east of Aylesbury and the parish is bisected across the top by Akeman Street.
The village name 'Weston' is Anglo Saxon in origin, and means 'western estate' or western homestead as 'tun' means an enclosed farm in Angle. In the Domesday Book of 1086 the village is recorded as Westone. The suffix 'Turville' was added later, referring to the lords of the manor in the thirteenth century, and to differentiate the village from other places called Weston.
Between 1236 to 1539, Weston Turville had grown to have five areas or ends - Church End, Brook End, South End, West End and World's End. These five ends still exist in present times as documented by Hamish Eaton's book "Weston Turville A History" published in 1997.
A notable resident of the village in the sixteenth century was Dr John Colet. It is after him that the John Colet School in nearby Wendover is named. Weston Turville was also at one time, one of the main places where Aylesbury ducks were bred.
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Wickford
Coordinates: 51°36′41″N 0°31′15″E / 51.6114°N 0.5207°E / 51.6114; 0.5207
Wickford is a town in the south of the English county of Essex, with a population of more than 32,500. Located approximately 30 miles (50 km) east of London, it falls within the District of Basildon along with Basildon, Billericay, Laindon and Pitsea.
It has become a commuter town, serving the City of London through its direct connection to Liverpool Street through the Southend Victoria line, where a train to London takes approximately 40 minutes. The town can also be easily reached via the road network by the A127 from London and Southend-on-Sea or the A130 from Chelmsford.
Wickford is a fairly small town with a main high street. It includes shops such as Clarks, New Look, Choice, The Cooperative, W H Smith, Adrians, 99p Stores, a bakery, a coffee lounge and others. There is also a swimming pool, a library, an open-air market and a community centre within the vicinity of the town centre.
The town has existed since before 975. There is evidence that the area itself was inhabited in prehistoric probably by a tribe of Britons called Trinobantes, Roman and Saxon times[citation needed]. The name Wickford is of Saxon origin, Wic meaning a village, habitation, castle or dairy farm and Ford being a shallow river crossing.
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Windsor, Berkshire
Coordinates: 51°28′45″N 0°36′34″W / 51.4791°N 0.6095°W / 51.4791; -0.6095
Windsor ( /ˈwɪndzər/) is an affluent[citation needed] town and unparished area in the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead in Berkshire, England. It is widely known as the site of Windsor Castle, one of the official residences of the British Royal Family.
The town is situated 21 miles (34 km) west of Charing Cross, London. It is immediately south of the River Thames, which forms its boundary with Eton. Windsor and the surrounding areas contain some of the most expensive and desirable housing in the UK[citation needed]. The village of Old Windsor, just over 2 miles (3 km) to the south, predates what is now called Windsor by around 300 years; in the past Windsor was formally referred to as New Windsor to distinguish the two.
The early history of the site is unknown, although the site was almost certainly settled many years before the medieval castle was built. Histories of the town note that the combination of the navigable river and the strategically placed hill point to the likelihood of continuous human settlement from early times. Evidence includes archaeological finds from Windsor, such as palaeolithic hand-axes, neolithic flint picks, Bronze Age swords and an Iron Age brooch. Although Roman remains are few, there is ample evidence of Anglo Saxon settlement in the area.
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Wingrave
Coordinates: 51°51′50″N 0°44′19″W / 51.8638°N 0.7387°W / 51.8638; -0.7387
Wingrave is a village in Buckinghamshire, England located about four miles north east of Aylesbury and three miles south west of Wing.
The civil parish is called Wingrave with Rowsham within Aylesbury Vale district and incorporates the hamlet of Rowsham.
Wingrave is twinned with La Bouëxière in France.
Its name occurs in the Domesday Book as Withungrave and in 1163 as Wiungraua. It comes from Old English Wiwinga grāf or Wēoinga grāf = "the grove of the people referred to by Wing, Buckinghamshire" or "the grove of the people of the heathen temple".
Around the recreation ground and in other parts of the village are many houses and cottages of varying sizes, constructed in Tudor Revival style, erected by Hannah de Rothschild in the 19th century. These houses, which display her personal cypher 'H de R' were homes for estate employees. They remained part of the Mentmore Estate until well into the 20th century and are very sought after today, commanding a very high price.
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Woburn Sands
Coordinates: 52°00′54″N 0°38′56″W / 52.015°N 0.649°W / 52.015; -0.649
Woburn Sands is a small town and civil parish that is mainly located in the Borough of Milton Keynes, England, and to the south-east of Milton Keynes itself, near Wavendon. The county boundary between Buckinghamshire and Bedfordshire runs through the town so that the smaller part of the town, including its primary school, is in Bedfordshire.
The earliest evidence of settlement is an Iron Age hill fort dating from around 500BC, called Danesborough Camp which is located to the southwest of the present town. Later when the settlement had developed into a hamlet it was part of the parish of Wavendon, becaming a separate civil parish in 1907. Under the Local Government Act 1972 the parish council has adopted the status of a town in its own right. It has separated from Wavendon which is just to the north of the Marston Vale Line.
The village name was originally Hogsty End, one of Wavendon's four 'ends' (along with Church End, Cross End and Lower End) but by Victorian times, this un-picturesque name had fallen out of favour, and Woburn Sands had taken over as the accepted name. There is a local story that a schoolmaster was unable to attract business to his "Hogsty End Academy", and was one of the first to promote the use of the new name, but in fact it had been in use before this. The modern place name is related to nearby Woburn in Bedfordshire, and to the sandy local soil resulting from its proximity to the Greensand Ridge, an escarpment of Greensand.
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Woking
Coordinates: 51°18′58″N 0°33′40″W / 51.3162°N 0.561°W / 51.3162; -0.561
Woking ( /ˈwoʊkɪŋ/) is a large town and civil parish that shares its name with the surrounding local government district, located in the west of Surrey, UK. It is part of the Greater London Urban Area and the London commuter belt, with frequent trains and a journey time of approximately 24 minutes to Waterloo station. Woking is 23 miles (37 km) southwest of Charing Cross in central London. Woking town itself, excluding the surrounding district, has a population of 62,796, with the whole local government district (the borough of Woking) having a population of 92,400 (mid 2009 estimate). Currently, Woking is a Conservative constituency, with Jonathan Lord as Woking's Member of Parliament.
In literature, Woking is where the Martians first land in H. G. Wells' science fiction novel The War of the Worlds. In music, "Town Called Malice" was written about Woking by Paul Weller and recorded by his band, The Jam. The song reached No. 1 in the UK Charts.
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Wokingham
Coordinates: 51°24′36″N 0°50′24″W / 51.410°N 0.840°W / 51.410; -0.840
Wokingham is a market town and civil parish in Berkshire in South East England about 33 miles (53 km) west of central London. It is about 7 miles (11 km) east-southeast of Reading and 3 miles (4.8 km) west of Bracknell. It contains an area of 557 acres (0.9 sq mi) and, according to the 2001 census, has a population of 30,403. It is the seat of the Borough of Wokingham.
Before 1844, the north of the parish of Wokingham was part of a detached portion, or exclave, of the county of Wiltshire, the border of which is some 30 miles (48 km) to the west. The Counties (Detached Parts) Act of that year resulted in its transfer to the county of Berkshire.
Wokingham was a borough before the 1974 reorganisation of local government, when it merged with Wokingham Rural District to form the new Wokingham District. What had been Wokingham Borough became Wokingham Town, but retained its mayor. The District Council applied for borough status, which was granted and came into force on 9 March 2007. As of this date, the District (which stretches from the Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire borders in the north to the Hampshire border in the southwest) has also been able to elect a mayor.
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Wolverton
Coordinates: 52°03′46″N 0°48′37″W / 52.06265°N 0.8102°W / 52.06265; -0.8102
Wolverton is a constituent town of Milton Keynes (which is in north Buckinghamshire, England). It is at its northern edge, between Stony Stratford and Newport Pagnell. It is the administrative seat of Wolverton and Greenleys civil parish.
It is one of the places in historic Buckinghamshire that went into the foundation of Milton Keynes in 1967.
Recorded in Domesday, Wolverton suffered badly in the Enclosures, before reinventing itself as a railway town in the industrial revolution. Today, Wolverton is a thriving focus for the northern edge of Milton Keynes.
The town name is an Old English language word, and means 'Wulfhere's estate'. It was recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Wluerintone. The original Wolverton was a medieval settlement just north and west of today's town. This site is now known as Old Wolverton, although the medieval village is all but gone. The Ridge and Furrow pattern of agriculture can still be seen in the nearby fields and the Saxon church of the Holy Trinity (rebuilt in 1819) still sits next to the Norman Motte and Bailey site. Only the earth mound remains of the Norman castle, though the Saxon tower still stands as central to the rebuilt church, clad in the early 19th century 'Anglo-Norman' style. Next door to the church is a house built in 1729 which later became the vicarage; the front door has stonework from the nearby, demolished manor house of the 16th century including the de Longueville family coat of arms, and pieces from the earlier church building. A talbot, another symbol of the family, once graced the side-entrance which now marks the boundary between the ground floor of the house and its downstairs toilet.
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Worminghall
Coordinates: 51°46′19″N 1°04′19″W / 51.772°N 1.072°W / 51.772; -1.072
Worminghall is a village and civil parish in the Aylesbury Vale district of Buckinghamshire, England.
The village is beside a brook that forms most of the eastern boundary of the parish. The brook joins the River Thame, which forms the southernmost part of the eatern boundary. The western boundary of the parish also forms part of the county boundary with Oxfordshire. The village is about 4.5 miles (7 km) west of the Oxfordshire market town of Thame.
The village toponym is derived from Old English meaning "Wyrma's nook of land".[citation needed] The Domesday Book of 1086 records it as Wermelle. It evolved through Wormehale in the 12th and 13th centuries, Wrmehale in the 13th and 14th centuries, Worminghale in the 14th and 15th centuries and Wornall in the 18th century before reaching its current spelling. "Wornall" is still its common local pronunciation.
In the reign of Edward the Confessor, the manor of Worminghall was part of the estates of his queen, Edith of Wessex. The Domesday Book of 1086 records that after the Norman conquest of England, Wermelle was assessed at five hides and was one of many manors held by the powerful Norman nobleman Geoffrey de Montbray, Bishop of Coutances. Worminghall became part of the Honour of Gloucester and passed via Hugh de Audley, 1st Earl of Gloucester (1291–1347) and then Margaret de Audley, 2nd Baroness Audley to Hugh de Stafford, 2nd Earl of Stafford (died 1386).
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Wormstone
Wormstone (also Warmstone) is a hamlet in the parish of Waddesdon, in Buckinghamshire, England. It is located just south-south east of the main village.
Coordinates: 51°50′28″N 0°54′47″W / 51.841°N 0.913°W / 51.841; -0.913
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Wotton Underwood
Coordinates: 51°50′17″N 1°00′18″W / 51.838°N 1.005°W / 51.838; -1.005
Wotton Underwood is a village and civil parish in the Aylesbury Vale District of Buckinghamshire, about 7 miles (11 km) north of Thame in neighbouring Oxfordshire.
The toponym is derived from the Old English for "farm near a wood". It is recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle of AD 848 as Wudotun and in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Oltone. The affix "Underwood" was added later to distinguish the village from other places also called Wotton. The affix means "near the wood" and refers to the village's nearness to the ancient Bernwood Forest.
The present manor house in the village, Wotton House, dates from the early eighteenth century but has been much altered since, notably by John Soane in the 1820s.
South Pavilion, the former home of actor John Gielgud, was bought by Tony and Cherie Blair for £4m, in 2008.
The Brill Tramway, originally known as the Wotton Tramway and, from 1899, part of the Metropolitan Railway, which served the area, had a station named Wotton which closed in 1935 with the rest of the line.
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Wraysbury River
Wraysbury River is a river in England that branches off the River Colne at West Drayton and rejoins it at Staines before it flows into the River Thames.
The river leaves the River Colne at West Drayton and runs under the M4 motorway until close to Longford when it passes under the M25 motorway. A branch then feeds the Colne Brook by the Poyle Channel while the Wraysbury River runs along the M25, crossing back under it by the Wraysbury Reservoir. It then flows into Staines and rejoins the River Colne in the town centre, shortly before it flows into the River Thames.
Wraysbury River, flow gauging station, and M25
Outlet of Wraysbury River and River Colne
Coordinates: 51°26′02″N 0°30′50″W / 51.434°N 0.514°W / 51.434; -0.514
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Anglo-Saxons
The term Anglo-Saxon is used by some historians to designate the Germanic tribes who invaded and settled the south and east of Britain beginning in the early 5th century and the period from their creation of the English nation up to the Norman conquest. The Anglo-Saxon era denotes the period of English history between about 550 and 1066. The term is also used for the language, now known as Old English, that was spoken and written by the Anglo-Saxons and their descendants in England (and part of southeastern Scotland) between at least the mid-5th century and the mid-12th century.
The Benedictine monk Bede, writing in the early 8th century, identified the English as the descendants of three Germanic tribes:
Their language, Old English, which derived from Ingvaeonic West Germanic dialects, transformed into Middle English from the 11th century. Old English was divided into four main dialects: West Saxon, Mercian, Northumbrian and Kentish.
The term Anglo-Saxon can be found in documents produced in the time of Alfred the Great, who seems to have frequently used the titles rex Anglorum Saxonum and rex Angul-Saxonum (king of the English Saxons). The Old English terms ænglisc ('Angle-kin') and Angelcynn ('gens Anglorum') had already lost their original sense of referring to the Angles, as distinct from the Saxons, when they are first attested. In their earliest sense they referred to the nation of Germanic peoples who settled eastern Britain from the 5th century.[citation needed] The indigenous Britons, who wrote in both Latin and Welsh, referred to these invaders as 'Saxones' or 'Saeson' – the word Saeson is the modern Welsh word for 'English people'; the equivalent word in Scottish Gaelic is Sasannach and in the Irish language, Sasanach.
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Anne Boleyn
Anne Boleyn ( /ˈbʊlɪn/, /bəˈlɪn/ or /bʊˈlɪn/); c.1501 – 19 May 1536) was Queen of England from 1533 to 1536 as the second wife of Henry VIII of England and Marquess of Pembroke in her own right. Henry's marriage to Anne, and her subsequent execution, made her a key figure in the political and religious upheaval that was the start of the English Reformation. Anne was the daughter of Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire, and his wife, Lady Elizabeth Howard, and was educated in the Netherlands and France, largely as a maid of honour to Claude of France. She returned to England in early 1522, in order to marry her Irish cousin James Butler, 9th Earl of Ormond; however, the marriage plans ended in failure and she secured a post at court as maid of honour to Henry VIII's queen consort, Catherine of Aragon.
Early in 1523 there was a secret betrothal between Anne and Henry Percy, son of the 5th Earl of Northumberland. However, in January of 1524 Cardinal Thomas Wolsey broke the betrothal, Anne was sent back home to Hever Castle, and Percy was married to Lady Mary Talbot, to whom he had been betrothed since adolescence. In February/March 1526 Henry VIII began his pursuit of Anne. She resisted his attempts to seduce her, refusing to become his mistress as her sister Mary had. It soon became the one absorbing object of Henry's desires to annul his marriage to Queen Catherine so he would be free to marry Anne. When it became clear that Pope Clement VII would not annul the marriage, the breaking of the power of the Catholic Church in England began. In 1532, Henry granted her the Marquesate of Pembroke.
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Anthony Kenny
Sir Anthony John Patrick Kenny FBA (born 16 March 1931 in Liverpool) is an English philosopher whose interests lie in the philosophy of mind, ancient and scholastic philosophy, the philosophy of Wittgenstein and the philosophy of religion. With Peter Geach, he has made a significant contribution to Analytical Thomism, a movement whose aim is to present the thought of St Thomas Aquinas in the style of modern philosophy by clearing away the trappings and obscurities of traditional Thomism. He is one of the executors of Wittgenstein's literary estate. He is a former President of the British Academy and the Royal Institute of Philosophy.
Kenny initially trained as a Roman Catholic priest at the Venerable English College, Rome, where he received the degree of S.T.L. He was ordained in 1955 and served as Curate in Liverpool 1959-63. Having received his D.Phil. from the University of Oxford (St Benet's Hall) in 1961, he also worked as an Assistant Lecturer in the University of Liverpool (1961–63). However, he questioned the validity of Catholic doctrine and is now an agnostic. He was returned to the lay state in 1963, but according to Canon law his priestly ordination remains valid. He was never dispensed from the obligation of clerical celibacy and was therefore excommunicated on his marriage to Nancy Gayley in 1965.
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Archbishop of York
The Archbishop of York is a high-ranking cleric in the Church of England, second only to the Archbishop of Canterbury. He is the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of York and metropolitan of the Province of York, which covers the northern portion of England (north of the Trent) as well as the Isle of Man. The archbishop is a member ex officio of the House of Lords, and is styled Primate of England. (The Archbishop of Canterbury is "Primate of All England".)
His throne is in York Minster in central York and his official residence is Bishopthorpe Palace in the village of Bishopthorpe, outside York. The incumbent, since 5 October 2005, is John Sentamu. He signs +Sentamu Ebor: (since both John and Sentamu are his forenames).
There was a bishop in York from very early Christian times. Bishops of York were present at the Councils of Arles and Nicaea. However, this early Christian community was later destroyed by the pagan Saxons and there is no direct succession from these bishops to the post-Augustinian ones.
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Benjamin Bates
Dr. Benjamin Bates (c. 1736 – May 12, 1828) was a physician, art connoisseur, and a member of the Sir Francis Dashwood's Hellfire Club, The Monks of Medmenham.
Details of Bates early life are sketchy. He was born around 1736, somewhere in the North of England and is was to have studied medicine in Edinburgh, though Benedict Nicolson, states that there is no record of a Benjamin Bates graduating in medicine from Edinburgh University at that time. Bates lived in Derby for a time, either as a child or after his studies.
Around 1758 he bought a house at Rickford's Hill, in Aylesbury in Buckinghamshire, and set up as a general practitioner. He was married twice and had one daughter, Lydia. He may have worked as Sir Francis Dashwood's personal physician; he is referred to as such in Jemmy Twitcher, George Martelli's book on John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, and certainly intended to accompany Dashwood in the role of physician on a tour of Europe. Sometime before 1774 Bates moved out to Little Missenden, though he kept his practice in Aylesbury.
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David Bowie
David Bowie ( /ˈboʊ.i/ BOH-ee; born David Robert Jones on 8 January 1947) is an English musician, actor, record producer and arranger. A major figure for over four decades in the world of popular music, Bowie is widely regarded as an innovator, particularly for his work in the 1970s. He is known for his distinctive voice and the intellectual depth and eclecticism of his work.
Bowie first caught the eye and ear of the public in July 1969, when his song "Space Oddity" reached the top five of the UK Singles Chart. After a three-year period of experimentation he re-emerged in 1972 during the glam rock era with the flamboyant, androgynous alter ego Ziggy Stardust, spearheaded by the hit single "Starman" and the album The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars. Bowie's impact at that time, as described by biographer David Buckley, "challenged the core belief of the rock music of its day" and "created perhaps the biggest cult in popular culture." The relatively short-lived Ziggy persona proved merely one facet of a career marked by continual reinvention, musical innovation and striking visual presentation.
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David Jason
Sir David John White OBE (born 2 February 1940), better known by his stage name David Jason, is an English BAFTA award-winning actor. He is best known as the main character Derek "Del Boy" Trotter in the BBC sitcom Only Fools and Horses from 1981, the voice of Mr Toad in The Wind in the Willows and as Detective Inspector Jack Frost on the ITV crime drama A Touch of Frost from 1992. Other high profile television roles were as Granville in the sitcom Open All Hours, and Pop Larkin in the comedy drama The Darling Buds of May. His last original appearance as Del Boy was in 2003, while Jason retired his role as Frost in 2010.
Jason was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1993, and knighted in 2005, both for services to drama. Jason has won four British Academy Television Awards (BAFTAs), (1988, 1991, 1997, 2003), four British Comedy Awards (1990, 1992, 1997, 2001) and six National Television Awards (1997, 2001, 2002 twice, 2003, 2011). These included the British Comedy Awards Lifetime Achievement Award in 2001, and the BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award in 2003. In 2006, Jason topped the poll to find TV's 50 Greatest Stars, as part of ITV's 50th anniversary celebrations.
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Ernest Bullock
Sir Ernest Bullock (15 September 1890, Wigan, England – 24 May 1979, Aylesbury, England) was an English organist, composer, and educator.
Bullock studied the organ with Edward Bairstow in Leeds and was assistant organist at Leeds Parish Church from 1907 to 1912. He also took courses at the University of Durham, receiving Bachelor of Music in 1908 and Doctor of Music in 1914.
After serving as sub-organist at Manchester Cathedral from 1912 to 1919, he was in 1919 briefly organist of St. Michael's College, Tenbury and then organist and choirmaster at Exeter Cathedral from 1919 to 1927. In 1928 he was named organist and Master of the Choristers at Westminster Abbey, and as such participated in the coronation of King George VI.
He became Gardiner Professor of Music at the University of Glasgow in 1941. He was then director of the Royal College of Music in London from 1952 until his retirement in 1960. Among his notable pupils are Robert Ashfield, Sidney Campbell, Peter Racine Fricker, and S. Drummond Wolff.
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Farnham
Coordinates: 51°12′50″N 0°47′56″W / 51.214°N 0.799°W / 51.214; -0.799
Farnham is a town in Surrey, England, within the Borough of Waverley. The town is situated some 42 miles (67 km) southwest of London in the extreme west of Surrey, adjacent to the border with Hampshire. By road Guildford is 11 miles (17 km) to the east and Winchester 28 miles (45 km) to the southwest. Farnham is the largest town in Waverley, with a total resident population of 38,000 people. It is of historic interest, with many old buildings, including a number of Georgian houses. Farnham Castle overlooks the town. A short distance southeast of the town centre are the ruins of Waverley Abbey, Moor Park House and Mother Ludlam's Cave. Farnham is twinned with Andernach in Germany.
Farnham's history and present status are mainly the result of its geography; a combination of river, streams, fresh water springs and varied soils, together with a temperate climate, attracted early man to the area and, even today, the geology of the area greatly influences the town, both in terms of communications, scenic and botanic variety and the main local industries of agriculture and minerals extraction. Farnham Geological Society is an active organisation in the town, and the Museum of Farnham has a collection of geological samples and fossils.
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Fish (singer)
Derek William Dick, better known as Fish, (born 25 April 1958, Dalkeith, Midlothian, Scotland) is a Scottish singer, lyricist and occasional actor, best known as the former lead singer of the neo-progressive rock band Marillion.
Fish was educated at Dalkeith High School. He was inspired by the music of many of the rock artists of the late 1960s and early 1970s, including Genesis, Pink Floyd, The Moody Blues, Yes, Van der Graaf Generator, The Kinks, T. Rex, David Bowie, Argent and The Alex Harvey Band. As well as his love for music, he was also a voracious reader, and his literary inspirations included Jack Kerouac, Truman Capote, Robert Burns and Dylan Thomas.
After working as a petrol pump attendant,gardener and forestry worker, Fish came to the public's attention in 1981 with the British rock group Marillion. The band achieved chart success in the UK, attaining top-ten hits in 1985 with "Kayleigh" and "Lavender", and again in 1987 with "Incommunicado". In 1988, Fish left Marillion in order to pursue his solo career. Many of Fish's later works contain lengthy spoken word lyrics, shorter examples of which can be heard on earlier Marillion albums. Vocally, Fish has sometimes been compared to Peter Gabriel, lead singer of Genesis in the 1970s. Music journalist David Hepworth described his voice as a “conflation of Roger Daltrey and Peter Gabriel”.Peter Hammill of Van der Graaf Generator was also a major influence on his songwriting and vocal delivery, which is especially notable on the first two Marillion albums.
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Germaine Lindsay
Germaine Maurice Lindsay (23 September 1985 – 7 July 2005), also known as Abdullah Shaheed Jamal, was one of the four homegrown terrorists who detonated bombs on three trains on the London Underground and one bus in central London during the 7 July 2005 London bombings, killing 56 people (including themselves), and injuring more than 700. Lindsay detonated the bomb that killed 26 other people on a train traveling on the Piccadilly line between the King's Cross St. Pancras and Russell Square tube stations.
Lindsay was born in Jamaica and had lived in Dalton, West Yorkshire, following his arrival from Jamaica at age five, where he attended Rawthorpe Junior School and Rawthorpe High School. A carpet fitter, he subsequently moved to Aylesbury in Buckinghamshire.
News reports indicate that Lindsay was a violent drug dealer in Huddersfield prior to his conversion to Islam: "He thought all white people were trash and said he was going to get them all on drugs to kill them off."
Lindsay married a woman from Kinnitty, County Offaly, Ireland, Aoife Nadiyah Molloy, with whom he remained for eight days before divorcing her to marry Samantha Lewthwaite. Lewthwaite, a native of Aylesbury, had converted to Islam at age 15. Lewthwaite lived with him and gave birth to their second child two months after his death. Lindsay also persuaded his mother, Mary McLeod, the daughter of an Evangelical Christian, to convert to Islam. He engaged in "work experience" with a local council, which he is said to have enjoyed, although the pay was poor.
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James Clark Ross
Sir James Clark Ross (15 April 1800 – 3 April 1862), was a British naval officer and explorer. He explored the Arctic with his uncle Sir John Ross and Sir William Parry, and later led his own expedition to Antarctica.
Ross was born in London, the nephew of Sir John Ross, under whom he entered the navy in 1812, accompanying him on Sir John's first Arctic voyage in search of a Northwest Passage in 1818. Between 1819 and 1827, Ross took part in four Arctic expeditions under Sir William Parry, and in 1829 to 1833, again served under his uncle on Sir John's second Arctic voyage. It was during this trip that they located the position of the North Magnetic Pole on 1 June 1831 on the Boothia Peninsula in the far north of Canada. It was on this trip, too, that Ross charted the Beaufort Islands, later renamed Clarence Islands by his uncle.
In 1834, Ross was promoted to Captain. In December 1835 he offered his services to the Admiralty to resupply 11 whaling ships which had become trapped in Baffin Bay. They accepted his offer and he set sail in the HMS Cove in January 1836. The crossing was difficult, and by the time he had reached the last known position of the whalers in June, all but one had managed to return home. Ross found no trace of this last vessel, the William Torr, which was probably crushed in the ice in December 1835. He returned to Hull in September 1836 with all his crew in good health.
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James Henry Govier
James Henry Govier ( August 1, 1910 – December 21, 1974) was a British painter and etcher, who worked in Swansea and East Anglia.
James Henry Govier was born in Britain on 1 August 1910, at Oakley, Buckinghamshire, the only son of Henry Govier and Mary Ann Measey. He had an older sister, Elizabeth, and a younger sister, Florence. In 1914 the family moved to the small town of Gorseinon in Gower near Swansea, where James was educated at the local school. At the age of fourteen he left school to work in one of the local tin works. At the age of seventeen he became an evening student at the Swansea Art School. James was taken to see Grant Murray, the head of the School, and at the age of twenty gained the Glamorgan County Scholarship to study fulltime at the School. From 1930 James came under the influence of William Grant Murray. James and exhibited with many Welsh artists, including Alfred Janes, Ceri Richards and Kenneth Hancock. In 1935 he exhibited with past students at the Glynn Vivian Art Gallery in Swansea. From 1935 James studied in London at the Royal College of Art under the tutorship of Malcolm Osborne, RA, RE. At this time he became an acquaintance of the poet Dylan Thomas, and worked with other Welsh artists in London. In 1938 he gained his ARCA along with the Art Travelling Scholarship, which he was unable to take up because of the outbreak of war.
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Jimi Hendrix
James Marshall "Jimi" Hendrix (born Johnny Allen Hendrix; November 27, 1942 – September 18, 1970) was an American musician and singer-songwriter. He is widely considered to be the greatest electric guitarist in music history, and one of the most influential musicians of his era despite mainstream exposure limited to just three years. After initial success in Europe with his group The Jimi Hendrix Experience, he achieved fame in the United States following his 1967 performance at the Monterey Pop Festival. Later, he headlined the iconic 1969 Woodstock Festival and the 1970 Isle of Wight Festival. He often favored raw overdriven amplifiers with high gain and treble and helped develop the previously undesirable technique of guitar amplifier feedback.
Hendrix helped to popularize use of the wah-wah pedal in mainstream rock, which he often used to deliver tonal exaggerations in his solos, particularly with high bends, complex guitar playing, and use of legato. As a record producer, he also broke new ground in using the recording studio as an extension of his musical ideas. He was one of the first to experiment with stereophonic phasing effects for rock recording.[citation needed] He was influenced by blues artists such as B.B. King, Muddy Waters, Howlin' Wolf, Albert King and Elmore James,rhythm and blues and soul guitarists Curtis Mayfield and Steve Cropper, and the jazz guitarist Wes Montgomery. Hendrix began dressing and wearing a moustache like Little Richard when he performed and recorded in his band from March 1, 1964 through to the spring of 1965. In 1966, he stated, "I want to do with my guitar what Little Richard does with his voice".
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John Hampden
John Hampden (ca. 1595 – 1643) was an English politician, the eldest son of William Hampden, of Hampden House, Great Hampden in Buckinghamshire, (b. 1570), son of Griffith Hampden and Anne Cavea and descendant of a very ancient family of that county, said to have been established there before the Norman conquest, and of Elizabeth, second daughter of Sir Henry Cromwell, and aunt of Oliver Cromwell. The towns of Hampden, Maryland, Hamden, Connecticut and Hampden, Maine, as well as the county of Hampden, Massachusetts are named in his honour. Hampden-Sydney College in Virginia is also named in honour of John Hampden and of Algernon Sydney, another English patriot.
By his father's death, when he was still a child, he became the owner of a large estate and a ward of the crown. He was educated at Lord Williams's School at Thame, and on 30 March 1610 became a commoner of Magdalen College, Oxford. In 1613 he was admitted as a student of the Inner Temple.
Hampden first sat in Parliament for the borough of Grampound, Cornwall in 1621. Later, he represented Wendover in the first three parliaments of Charles I. In April 1640 he was elected MP for Buckinghamshire in the Short Parliament and was re-elected MP for Buckinghamshire for the Long Parliament in November 1640. He sat until his death in 1643.
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John Junkin
John Francis Junkin (29 January 1930 – 7 March 2006) was an English radio, television and film performer and scriptwriter.
In 1960 Junkin joined Joan Littlewood's Stratford East Theatre Workshop, and played the lead in the original production of Sparrers Can't Sing. A few years later he joined the Royal Court Theatre company and was the foil to Tony Hancock in some of Hancock's last work for British television. He played a diverse range of roles on the small screen; however he is best remembered for his comedy roles, and his appearances as a television quiz master. Worldwide moviegoers will remember him best for playing "Shake", the assistant to Norman Rossington, in The Beatles movie A Hard Day's Night. In comedy roles, Junkin was rarely short of work, on account of his outstanding ability to play the stoney-faced symbol of low level, petty-minded and unquestioning authority, whether the army sergeant, police constable or site foreman. One of his rare leading roles was in the BBC series The Rough with the Smooth, in which he and Tim Brooke-Taylor played comedy writers (with both actors contributing scripts to the series as well).
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John Kemp
John Kemp (c. 1380 – 22 March 1454) was a medieval English cardinal, Archbishop of Canterbury, and Lord Chancellor of England.
Kemp was son of Thomas Kempe, a gentleman of Ollantigh, in the parish of Wye near Ashford, Kent. He was born about 1380 and educated at Merton College, Oxford.
Kemp practised as an ecclesiastical lawyer, was an assessor at the trial of Oldcastle, and in 1415 was made dean of the Court of Arches but did not do a good job as dean. He then passed into the royal service, and being employed in the administration of Normandy was eventually made chancellor of the duchy.[citation needed] He was briefly archdeacon of Durham. In 1418 he was made Keeper of the Privy Seal which he retained until 1421. Early in 1419 he was elected Bishop of Rochester, and was consecrated at Rouen on 3 December. In February 1421 he was translated to Chichester, and in November following to London.
During the minority of Henry VI Kemp had a prominent position in the English council as a supporter of Henry Beaufort,[citation needed] whom he succeeded as chancellor in March 1426. In this same year on 20 July he was promoted to the Archbishop of York. Kempe held office as chancellor for six years; his main task in government was to keep Humphrey of Gloucester in check.[citation needed] His resignation on 28 February 1432 was a concession to Gloucester. He still enjoyed Beaufort's favour, and retaining his place in the council was employed on important missions, especially at the congress of Arras in 1435, and the conference at Calais in 1438.
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John Morgan (artist)
John Morgan (1822 – 1885) was a successful English genre artist.
Born in Pentonville London, Morgan studied at the School of Design, London and also trained in Paris under Thomas Couture (1815-1879). Whilst living in Aylesbury in 1861, he found fame with his paintings "Gentlemen of the Jury" and "The Country Auction". A member of the Society of British Artists (SBA), his work was influenced by Thomas Webster and William Powell Frith.
Morgan died in Hastings in 1885. His son Frederick Morgan was an equally popular artist, most noted for "His Turn Next", famously used by the Pears Soap advertising campaign.
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John Otway
John Otway, (born 2 October 1952, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, England) is an English singer-songwriter, who has built a sizeable cult audience through extensive touring, a surreal sense of humour and a self-deprecating underdog persona.
Although his first single, "Gypsy"/"Misty Mountain" was released in 1972, Otway shot to fame on the back of punk rock and a gymnastic performance on The Old Grey Whistle Test. His sixth single, the half-spoken love song "Really Free" reached number 27 in the UK Singles Chart in 1977. It would be his greatest success for some time and consequently is still easy to track down on the second-hand market. Much scarcer is the picture cover which was only present on a small proportion of the singles. Rarer still, and almost impossible to find, is the advertising sleeve, a die-cut thin paper sleeve printed with an advert for the debut album, snippets of newspaper and magazine reviews and a cut-out "Really Free" body sticker. The song earned him a five album deal with Polydor Records, who viewed him as a punk rather than merely an eccentric. His first album, recorded with Wild Willy Barrett, was produced by Pete Townshend but sold only fitfully. The follow-up singles fared no better despite some imaginative promotion, which included an offer for Otway to come to a buyer's house and perform the 1979 single, "Frightened And Scared", if their copy was one of only three copies from which the vocal had been omitted. Otway's and Barrett's only other UK chart success came in July 1980 with "DK 50-80", a modest #45 hit.
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John Vanbrugh
Sir John Vanbrugh ( /ˈvænbrə/; 24 January 1664 (baptised) – 26 March 1726) was an English architect and dramatist, perhaps best known as the designer of Blenheim Palace and Castle Howard. He wrote two argumentative and outspoken Restoration comedies, The Relapse (1696) and The Provoked Wife (1697), which have become enduring stage favourites but originally occasioned much controversy. He was knighted in 1714.
Vanbrugh was in many senses a radical throughout his life. As a young man and a committed Whig, he was part of the scheme to overthrow James II, put William III on the throne and protect English parliamentary democracy, and he was imprisoned by the French as a political prisoner. In his career as a playwright, he offended many sections of Restoration and 18th century society, not only by the sexual explicitness of his plays, but also by their messages in defence of women's rights in marriage. He was attacked on both counts, and was one of the prime targets of Jeremy Collier's Short View of the Immorality and Profaneness of the English Stage. In his architectural career, he created what came to be known as English Baroque. His architectural work was as bold and daring as his early political activism and marriage-themed plays, and jarred conservative opinions on the subject.
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Lynda Bellingham
Lynda Bellingham (born Meredith Lee Hughes[citation needed] on 31 May 1948) is a Canadian-born English actress, broadcaster and author.
Bellingham was born to a single mother in Montreal and adopted by an English couple at the age of four months. She was brought up in Aylesbury in Buckinghamshire, England and was educated at Aylesbury High School and trained at the Central School of Speech and Drama.
Twice in the 1960s Bellingham appeared in the Pendley Open Air Shakespeare Festival. She got her big break as a nurse in an ITV afternoon soap opera of the 1970s, General Hospital. She went topless for her roles in Confessions of a Driving Instructor and Sweeney! (1977).
She is best known as the head of the family in the Oxo television adverts during the 1980s. Other prominent roles included the James Herriot drama All Creatures Great and Small (where she was the second actress to play Helen Herriot on television, replacing Carol Drinkwater) and the situation comedy Second Thoughts and its sequel, Faith in the Future.
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Malcolm McDowell
Malcolm McDowell (born 13 June 1943) is an English actor, whose career spans more than four decades.
McDowell is known for his early roles in the controversial films If...., O Lucky Man!, A Clockwork Orange, and Caligula. Since then, his versatility as an actor has led to varied roles in films and television series of different genres, including Tank Girl, Star Trek Generations, the TV serial Our Friends in the North, Entourage, Heroes, Metalocalypse, the animated movie Bolt, the 2007 remake of Halloween and its sequel, and Kung Fu Panda: Legends of Awesomeness. He is also well known for his narration of the seminal 1982 documentary The Compleat Beatles.
McDowell was born Malcolm John Taylor in Horsforth, then in the West Riding of Yorkshire, now a part of the City of Leeds, the son of Edna (née McDowell), a hotelier, and Charles Taylor, a publican. His family later moved to Bridlington, since his father was in the Royal Air Force. McDowell trained as an actor at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art (LAMDA).
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Martin Grech
Martin Grech (born 1982) is a Maltese-English singer, songwriter and musician from Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire.
He first achieved critical acclaim after his falsetto track, "Open Heart Zoo" (written when he was 15 years old) was featured on a Lexus advert on British television in 2002. A debut album of the same name (produced by Andy Ross) quickly achieved cult status, with the record being compared, in places, to the work of The Cure, Radiohead, Nine Inch Nails and Jeff Buckley.[by whom?] The accompanying UK tour saw Grech gain a larger following and further critical support.[citation needed]
2005 saw the arrival of Grech's second album, Unholy. It dealt with much darker, and more disturbing themes than his debut record, including such lyrical topics as insanity, heresy and death.[citation needed] As before, reviews were positive and his fan base expanded. The Unholy art work created by Stephen Kasner was hung as a backdrop to his concerts.
Grech split with Island Records shortly after the release of Unholy, but Grech's MySpace page announced the arrival of the new album, March of the Lonely. The first single from the album, "The Heritage", was released as a CD single on 30 March 2007 on Grech's own record label, 'Martin Grech Songs' via the online label, Burning Shed. March of the Lonely took a completely different approach from his previous CDs, and was much more acoustic, more guitar-based, with a thinner texture and softer atmosphere.[citation needed]March of the Lonely was released on 4 June 2007 in the UK via Genepool Records.
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Mathilde Carré
Mathilde Carré (19 February 1910 – 1970), known as "La Chatte", was a French Resistance agent during World War II who turned double agent.
Mathilde Carré was born in Le Creusot, Saône-et-Loire. In the 1930s she attended Sorbonne University and became a teacher. After her marriage, she moved to Algeria with her husband Maurice Carré, who was later killed in World War II, during the campaign of Italy.
She returned to France, became a nurse and witnessed the country fall to the Germans. In 1940, she met a Polish Air Force Captain named Roman Czerniawski cryptonymed "Walenty" to the Poles and "Armand" or "Victor" to the French. Carré, who had contacts with the Vichy Second Bureau, joined the headquarters section of his Franco-Polish Interallié espionage network based in Paris under the cryptonym "Victoire" (as all the headquarters section staff had "V" initial names, in a network which named its agents and their sectors or areas of coverage for Christian names grouped by the letters of the alphabet) although nicknamed La Chatte, ("The She-cat") for her feline predatory and stealthy propensities.
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Matt Phillips
Matthew "Matt" Phillips (born 13 March 1991) is an English-born Scottish international professional footballer who plays for Blackpool.
Phillips is a winger and previously played for Wycombe Wanderers. He has represented England at under-19 and under-20 level but was called up to the full Scotland squad for the friendly match against Slovenia. He made his Scotland debut against the USA on the 26 May 2012.
Born in Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, Phillips was with Wycombe Wanderers from the age of eight when he was spotted playing in a five-a-side tournament.
A month after his seventeenth birthday, he made his first team debut on 26 April 2008 in the 1–0 defeat to Notts County, the penultimate game of the 2007–08 season as an 82nd minute substitute.
His first start came a week later in the 2–1 win over Bradford City at Adams Park, in which he was voted man of the match by the Wycombe supporters.[citation needed] He made a further substitute appearance in the play-off semi-final home leg, a 1–1 home draw with Stockport County on 11 May.
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Michael Apted
Michael David Apted, CMG (born 10 February 1941) is an English director, producer, writer and actor. He is one of the most prolific British film directors of his generation but is best known for his work on the Up Series of documentaries and the James Bond film The World Is Not Enough.
On 29 June 2003 he was elected president of the Directors Guild of America. He returned to television, directing the first three episodes of the TV series Rome. Apted directed Amazing Grace which premiered at the closing of the Toronto Film Festival in 2006. His most recent feature film project was The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader which premiered 30 November 2010 at the Royal Film Performance. He was appointed Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in the 2008 Birthday Honours.
Apted was born to a middle-class family in Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, the son of Frances Amelia (née Thomas) and Ronald William Apted, who worked for an insurance company. Michael Apted secured a scholarship to attend City of London School and then to study law and history at Downing College, Cambridge.
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Norman Kretzmann
Norman J. Kretzmann (4 November 1928 — 1 August 1998) was a Professor of Philosophy at Cornell University who specialised in the history of medieval philosophy and the philosophy of religion.
Kretzmann joined Cornell's Department of Philosophy in 1966. His work as a teacher and scholar was recognized in 1970, when he was appointed Chairman of the Department of Philosophy, and in 1977 when he was elected a Susan Linn Sage Professor of Philosophy by the University Board of Trustees. In 1992, he received a Graduate Teaching Award from the Northeastern Association of Graduate Deans for his excellence and creativity in the teaching of graduate students. He became a Susan Linn Sage Professor Emeritus in 1995. He published numerous books, articles, essays, and editions of medieval texts. He served as the principal editor of The Cambridge History of Later Medieval Philosophy (1982), and as an editor of the Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
Kretzmann was brought up a Lutheran and descended from a long line of Lutheran pastors, but he lost his Lutheran faith while at college. He returned to Christian faith in his forties, and he spent the remainder of his life as a committed Christian. He was for many years an active member of the Society of Christian Philosophers. In his early sixties, he was diagnosed with multiple myeloma and given less than two years to live; in the event, he lived seven more years and completed two volumes of his projected three-volume work on Aquinas's Summa contra Gentiles.</ref>
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Oliver Cromwell
Oliver Cromwell (25 April 1599 – 3 September 1658) was an English military and political leader who was part of the joint republican, military and parliamentarian effort that overthrew the Stuart monarchy as a result of the English Civil War, and was subsequently invited by his fellow leaders to assume a head of state role in 1653. As such, Cromwell ruled as "Lord Protector" for a five-year segment (1653–58) of the 11-year period of republican Commonwealth and protectorate rule of England, and nominally of Ireland, Wales and Scotland. As one of the commanders of the New Model Army, he played an important role in the defeat of the King's forces, the royalists in the English Civil War. After the execution of King Charles I in 1649, Cromwell dominated the short-lived Commonwealth of England, conquered Ireland and Scotland, ruling as Lord Protector from 1653 until his death in 1658.
Cromwell was born into the ranks of the middle gentry, and remained relatively obscure for the first 40 years of his life. Along with his brother, Henry, he kept a small holding of chickens and sheep, selling eggs and wool to support himself. His lifestyle resembled that of a yeoman farmer until he received an inheritance from his uncle. After undergoing a religious conversion during the same decade, Cromwell made an independent style of puritanism an essential part of his life. He took a generally (but not completely) tolerant view towards the many Protestant sects of his period. As a ruler he executed an aggressive and effective foreign policy and did as much as any English leader to shape the future of the land he governed. But his Commonwealth collapsed after his death and the royal family was restored in 1660. An intensely religious man—a self-styled Puritan Moses — he fervently believed God was guiding his victories.
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Osyth
Osgyth (or Osyth) (died 700 AD) was an English saint. She is primarily commemorated in the village of Saint Osyth, Essex, near Colchester. Alternative spellings of her name include Sythe, Othith and Ositha.
Born in Quarrendon, Buckinghamshire (at that time part of Mercia), she was the daughter of Frithwald, a sub-king of Mercia in Surrey, and was the niece of Saint Edith and Saint Edburga of Bicester. Her mother was Wilburga, the daughter of the pagan King Penda of Mercia.
Raised in a convent in Warwickshire under the direction of Saint Modwen her ambition was to become an abbess, but she was too important as a dynastic pawn to be set aside.
Forced by her father into a dynastic marriage with Sighere, King of Essex, she did her dynastic duty and produced him a son. While her husband ran off to hunt down a beautiful white stag, Osgyth persuaded two local bishops to accept her vows as a nun. Then, eventually, perhaps after Sighere's death, she established a convent at Chich, in Essex, where she ruled as first abbess.
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Otis Redding
Otis Ray Redding, Jr. (September 9, 1941 – December 10, 1967) was an American soul singer-songwriter, record producer, arranger, and talent scout. He is considered one of the major figures in soul music and rhythm and blues (R&B), and one of the greatest singers in popular music. His open-throated singing was an influence on other soul singers of the 1960s, and he helped to craft the lean and powerful style of R&B that formed the basis of the Stax Sound. After appearing at the 1967 Monterey Pop Festival, he wrote and recorded "(Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay", which became a number-one record on both the pop and R&B charts after his death in a plane crash.
Redding was born and raised in the American state of Georgia. At age 15, he left school to support his family by working with Little Richard's backing band, The Upsetters, and by playing talent shows for prize money. In 1958, he joined Johnny Jenkins's band, The Pinetoppers, and toured the Southern United States while serving as driver and musician. An unscheduled appearance on a session led to a turning point in his career. He signed a contract with Stax Records and released his debut album, Pain in My Heart, in 1964. This album produced his first Stax single, "These Arms of Mine".
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Peerage of Scotland
The Peerage of Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Moraireachd na h-Alba) is the division of the British Peerage for those peers created in the Kingdom of Scotland before 1707. With that year's Act of Union, the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of England were combined into the Kingdom of Great Britain, and a new Peerage of Great Britain was introduced in which subsequent titles were granted.
After the Union, the old Scottish Peers elected 16 representative peers to sit in the House of Lords. The Peerage Act 1963 allowed all Scottish Peers to sit in the House of Lords, a right which was lost along with all other hereditary peers after the passage of the House of Lords Act 1999. Unlike most other peerage titles, many Scottish titles can pass through female lines, and in the case of daughters only, these pass to the eldest daughter rather than go into abeyance.[citation needed]
The ranks of the Scottish Peerage are Duke, Marquess, Earl, Viscount, Lord of Parliament (lord baron). Scottish Viscounts differ from those of the other Peerages (of England, Great Britain, Ireland and the United Kingdom) in using of in their title, as in Viscount of Oxfuird. Though this is the theoretical form, most Viscounts drop the "of". The Viscount of Arbuthnott and to a lesser extent the Viscount of Oxfuird still actively use of. Scottish Peers had the right to sit in the Parliament of Scotland.
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Pilgrim
A pilgrim (from the Latin peregrinus) is a traveler (literally one who has come from afar) who is on a journey to a holy place. Typically, this is a physical journeying (often on foot) to some place of special significance to the adherent of a particular religious belief system. In the spiritual literature of Christianity, the concept of pilgrim and pilgrimage may refer to the experience of life in the world (considered as a period of exile) or to the inner path of the spiritual aspirant from a state of wretchedness to a state of beatitude.
Pilgrims and the making of pilgrimages are common in many religions, including the faiths in ancient Egypt, Persia in the Mithraic period, India, China, and Japan. The Greek and Roman customs of consulting the gods at local oracles, such as those at Dodona or Delphi, both in Greece, are widely known. In Greece, pilgrimages could either be personal or state-sponsored.
In the early period of Hebrew history, pilgrims traveled to Shiloh, Dan, Bethel, and eventually Jerusalem, see also Three Pilgrimage Festivals, a practice followed by other Abrahamic religions. While many religious pilgrims travel toward a specific destination, a physical location is not a necessity. One group of pilgrims in early Celtic Christianity were the Peregrinari Pro Christ, (Pilgrims for Christ), or "white martyrs". They left their homes to wander in the world. This sort of pilgrimage was an ascetic religious practice, as the pilgrim left the security of home and the clan for an unknown destination, in complete trust of Divine Providence. These travels often resulted in the founding of new abbeys and spreading Christianity among the pagan population in Britain as well as in continental Europe.
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Pretty Things
The Pretty Things are an English rock and roll band from London, who originally formed in 1963. They took their name from Bo Diddley's 1955 song "Pretty Thing". Their most commercially successful period was the mid 1960s, although they continue to perform to this day. David Bowie covered two of their songs on his album Pin Ups.
The Pretty Things were preceded by Little Boy Blue and the Blue Boys, which consisted of Dick Taylor, fellow Sidcup Art College student Keith Richards, and Mick Jagger. When Brian Jones was recruiting for his own band, all three joined Brian and Ian Stewart and were dubbed "Rollin' Stones" by Jones. Taylor would briefly play bass guitar in the nascent Rolling Stones who employed a variety of drummers during 1962.
Taylor (born Richard Clifford Taylor, 28 January 1943, Dartford, Kent) quit the Stones several months later when he was accepted at the London Central School of Art, where he met Phil May (born Phillip Arthur Dennis Kattner, 9 November 1944, Dartford, Kent) and they formed The Pretty Things.
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Puritan
The Puritans were a significant grouping of English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries, including, but not limited to, English Calvinists. Puritanism in this sense was founded by some Marian exiles from the clergy shortly after the accession of Elizabeth I of England in 1558, as an activist movement within the Church of England. The designation "Puritan" is often incorrectly used, notably based on the assumption that hedonism and puritanism are antonyms. Historically, the word was used pejoratively to characterize the Protestant group as extremists similar to the Cathari of France, and according to Thomas Fuller in his Church History dated back to 1564, Archbishop Matthew Parker of that time used it and "precisian" with the sense of modern "stickler".
Puritans were blocked from changing the established church from within, and severely restricted in England by laws controlling the practice of religion, but their views were taken by the emigration of congregations to the Netherlands and later New England, and by evangelical clergy to Ireland and later into Wales, and were spread into lay society by preaching and parts of the educational system, particularly certain colleges of the University of Cambridge. They took on distinctive views on clerical dress and in opposition to the episcopal system, particularly after the 1619 conclusions of the Synod of Dort were resisted by the English bishops. They largely adopted Sabbatarian views in the 17th century, and were influenced by millennialism.
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Roald Dahl
Roald Dahl ( /ˈroʊ.ɑːl ˈdɑːl/,Norwegian: [ˈɾuːɑl dɑl]; 13 September 1916 – 23 November 1990) was a British novelist, short story writer, poet, fighter pilot and screenwriter.
Born in Wales to Norwegian parents, he served in the British Royal Air Force during the Second World War, in which he became a flying ace and intelligence officer, rising to the rank of Wing Commander. Dahl rose to prominence in the 1940s with works for both children and adults, and became one of the world's best-selling authors. He has been referred to as "one of the greatest storytellers for children of the 20th century". In 2008 The Times placed Dahl 16th on its list of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945". His short stories are known for their unexpected endings, and his children's books for their unsentimental, often very dark humour.
Some of his notable works include James and the Giant Peach, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, Matilda, The Witches, Fantastic Mr Fox, The Twits, George's Marvellous Medicine and The BFG.
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Robert Stephenson
Robert Stephenson FRS (16 October 1803 – 12 October 1859) was an English civil engineer. He was the only son of George Stephenson, the famed locomotive builder and railway engineer; many of the achievements popularly credited to his father were actually the joint efforts of father and son.
He was born on the 16th of October, 1803, at Willington Quay, east of Newcastle Upon Tyne, the only son of George Stephenson and his wife, Fanny. At the time, George and Fanny were living in a single room and George was working as a brakesman on a stationary colliery engine. In 1804, the family moved to a cottage in West Moor when George was made brakeman at West Moor Colliery. In 1805 Fanny gave birth to a daughter who died after a few weeks. The next year Robert’s mother died of consumption. George then went and worked in Scotland for a short time, leaving the infant Robert with a local woman. However, George soon returned to West Moor, and his sister Nelly came to live at the cottage to look after Robert.
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Ronnie Barker
Ronald William George "Ronnie" Barker, OBE (25 September 1929 – 3 October 2005) was an English actor, comedian, writer, critic, broadcaster and businessman. He was known for his roles in various British comedy television series, such as The Frost Report, Porridge, The Two Ronnies and Open All Hours.
He began his acting career in repertory theatre and decided he was best suited to performing comic roles. Barker gained his first acting successes at the Oxford Playhouse and later in various roles in the West End including Tom Stoppard's The Real Inspector Hound. During this period, he became a cast member on BBC radio and television comedy programmes such as The Navy Lark. Barker got his television break with the satirical sketch series The Frost Report in 1966 where he met future collaborator Ronnie Corbett. He joined David Frost's production company and was to star in a number of ITV shows including a short film during this period.
After rejoining the BBC Barker found fame with the sketch show The Two Ronnies (1971—1987) with Ronnie Corbett. After the series of pilots called Seven of One, he gained starring roles in the sitcoms Porridge, its sequel Going Straight and Open All Hours. Apart from being a performer, he was noted as a comedy writer both under his own name and the pseudonym Gerald Wiley, which Barker adopted to avoid pre-judgements of his talent. Barker won the BAFTA for Best Light Entertainment Performance four times, amongst other awards, and received an OBE in 1978.
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Ronnie Corbett
Ronald Balfour "Ronnie" Corbett, CBE (born 4 December 1930) is a Scottish actor and comedian who had a long association with Ronnie Barker in the television comedy series The Two Ronnies. He achieved prominence in Sir David Frost's 1960s satirical comedy programme, The Frost Report and later starred in the sitcoms Sorry! and No - That's Me Over Here!
Corbett was born in Edinburgh in 1930, the son of London-born Annie Elizabeth (Main) and William Balfour Corbett, master baker. He has a brother about six years younger, and a sister about ten years younger than himself. Corbett was educated at the Royal High School in the city, but did not attend university. After leaving school, he decided he wanted to be an actor while performing in amateur theatricals at a church youth club. However, his first job was with the Ministry of Agriculture. He then did national service with the RAF, during which he was the shortest commissioned officer in the British Forces. After National Service he moved to London to act, and started his career by playing schoolboy roles in films. At 5 ft 1 in (1.55 m) tall, Corbett was suited to playing younger than his years. References to his height frequently crop up in his self-deprecating humour.
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Sir Ludwig Guttmann
Sir Ludwig "Poppa" Guttmann CBE, FRS (3 July 1899 – 18 March 1980) was a German neurologist who founded the Paralympic Games while living in England, and is considered one of the founding fathers of organized physical activities for people with a disability.
Guttmann was born into an Orthodox Jewish family in Tost, Silesia, Germany (now Toszek in Poland), the eldest child in the family. He joined the Accident Hospital in Konigshutte in 1917, where he would meet his first spinal cord injured patient. In April 1918, he began his studies in the Medical Faculty of the University of Breslau. He left in Spring 1919 to study at the University of Freiburg, and received his MD in 1924.
He worked in Nazi Germany at the Jewish Hospital in Breslau, later becoming Director of the Hospital. However, when life in Germany became impossible, he and his family emigrated to Oxford, England, in 1939. He began research work there at the Nuffield Department of Neurosurgery.
In 1944, Guttmann was asked by the British government to found the National Spinal Injuries Centre at Stoke Mandeville Hospital in Buckinghamshire. He was appointed to the position of director at the Centre, a position he held until 1946. As director, he believed that sport was a method of therapy, using it to help build physical strength and self-respect. By 1952, Guttmann's Stoke Mandeville Games for the disabled had grown to over 130 international competitors, and it continued to grow, impressing Olympics officials and the international community. In 1956, Guttmann was awarded the Fearnley Cup, an award for outstanding contribution to the Olympic ideal.
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St. Mary
Mary (Hebrew: מִרְיָם, Miriam; Aramaic: Maryām; Arabic:مريم, Maryam), variously called Saint Mary, Mother Mary, the Virgin Mary, the Theotokos, the Blessed Virgin Mary, Mary, Mother of God, and, in Islam, as Maryam, mother of 'Isa, was a Jewish woman of Nazareth in Galilee who lived in the late 1st century BC and early 1st century AD, and is considered by Christians to be the first proselyte to Christianity. She is identified in the New Testament[Mt 1:16,18-25][Lk 1:26-56][2:1-7] and in the Qur'an as the mother of Jesus through divine intervention. Jesus is viewed as the messiah—the Christ—in both traditions, giving rise to the common name of Jesus Christ.
The canonical gospels of Matthew and Luke describe Mary as a virgin (Greek παρθένος, parthénos). Traditionally, Christians believe that she conceived her son miraculously by the agency of the Holy Spirit. Muslims believe that she conceived by the command of God. This took place when she was already betrothed to Saint Joseph and was awaiting the concluding rite of marriage, the formal home-taking ceremony. She married Joseph and accompanied him to Bethlehem, where Jesus was born. In keeping with Jewish custom, the betrothal would have taken place when she was around 12, and the birth of Jesus about a year later.
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The Ramones
The Ramones were an American rock band that formed in the New York City neighborhood of Forest Hills, Queens, in 1974. They are often cited as the first punk rock group. Despite achieving only limited commercial success, the band was a major influence on the punk rock movement both in the United States and the United Kingdom.
All of the band members adopted pseudonyms ending with the surname "Ramone", though none of them were related. They performed 2,263 concerts, touring virtually nonstop for 22 years. In 1996, after a tour with the Lollapalooza music festival, the band played a farewell concert and disbanded. Little more than eight years after the breakup, the band's three founding members—lead singer Joey Ramone, guitarist Johnny Ramone, and bassist Dee Dee Ramone—had died.
Their only record with enough U.S. sales to be certified gold was the compilation album Ramones Mania. However, recognition of the band's importance built over the years, and they are now cited in many assessments of all-time great rock music, such as the Rolling Stone list of the 50 Greatest Artists of All Time and VH1's 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock. In 2002, the Ramones were ranked the second-greatest band of all time by Spin magazine, trailing only The Beatles. On March 18, 2002, the Ramones—including the three founders and drummers Tommy and Marky Ramone—were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. In 2011, the group was awarded a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.
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Vernon Scannell
Vernon Scannell (23 January 1922 – 16 November 2007) was a British poet and author. He was at one time a professional boxer, and wrote novels about the sport.
Vernon Scannell, whose real name was Johnny Bain, was born in 1922 in Spilsby, Lincolnshire. The family, always poor , moved frequently: Ballaghaderreen in Ireland, Beeston, Eccles, before settling in Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, where his father, who had fought in the First World War, developed a reputation as a good portrait photographer and the family’s severe financial difficulties began to ease. Scannell left the local council school at the age of fourteen and got a job in an accountant’s office. His real passions, however, were for the unlikely combination of boxing and literature. He had been winning boxing titles at school and had been a keen reader from a very early age, although not properly attaching to poetry until about aged fifteen, when he picked up a Walter de la Mare poem and was "instantly and permanently hooked".
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BILL GRUNDY LOOKS AT AYLESBURY 1972
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:16
- Updated: 08 Nov 2012
Bill Grundy takes a look at Aylesbury
http://wn.com/BILL_GRUNDY_LOOKS_AT_AYLESBURY_1972
EDL Aylesbury - Anti-Islam Demo Turns Violent
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:23
- Updated: 13 Dec 2012
Dozens of protesters were arrested during violence clashes with police at a controversial demonstration by anti-Islam campaigners in Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire. Around 1000 members of the English Defence League (EDL) marched to Aylesbury's Market Square chanting "if you build your f**king mosque, we'll burn it down" and other anti-Muslim slogans. The march ended when a group of 200 demonstrators tried to break through police lines hurling glass bottles, coins, sticks and cans at offices in riot gear. Police arrested 12 EDL supporters, eight on suspicion of possessing offensive weapons, three for public order offences and one for being drunk and disorderly. Aylesbury's police commander Superintendent Richard List said that "most of the day passed off peacefully but unfortunately there were outbreaks of violence and disorder which had to be dealt with by police officers". EDL say they are merely protesting against militant Islam and the construction of "mega-mosques". Today's clash in Buckinghamshire was the latest in a series of demonstrations that have resulted in street battles between Muslim youth, anti-fascist protesters and EDL supporters. This morning more than100 Unite Against Fascism (UAF) protesters, made up of local people including trade unions and religious groups, gathered in the town's Vale Park. The UAF claim that the EDL is an extreme right wing organisation made up of football hooligans with links to neo-Nazi groups. Muhammad Saleem a spokesperson from the ...
http://wn.com/EDL_Aylesbury_Anti-Islam_Demo_Turns_Violent
Dozens of protesters were arrested during violence clashes with police at a controversial demonstration by anti-Islam campaigners in Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire. Around 1000 members of the English Defence League (EDL) marched to Aylesbury's Market Square chanting "if you build your f**king mosque, we'll burn it down" and other anti-Muslim slogans. The march ended when a group of 200 demonstrators tried to break through police lines hurling glass bottles, coins, sticks and cans at offices in riot gear. Police arrested 12 EDL supporters, eight on suspicion of possessing offensive weapons, three for public order offences and one for being drunk and disorderly. Aylesbury's police commander Superintendent Richard List said that "most of the day passed off peacefully but unfortunately there were outbreaks of violence and disorder which had to be dealt with by police officers". EDL say they are merely protesting against militant Islam and the construction of "mega-mosques". Today's clash in Buckinghamshire was the latest in a series of demonstrations that have resulted in street battles between Muslim youth, anti-fascist protesters and EDL supporters. This morning more than100 Unite Against Fascism (UAF) protesters, made up of local people including trade unions and religious groups, gathered in the town's Vale Park. The UAF claim that the EDL is an extreme right wing organisation made up of football hooligans with links to neo-Nazi groups. Muhammad Saleem a spokesperson from the ...
- published: 03 May 2010
- views: 24317
- author: filkaler
Aylesbury c1964 in colour
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:18
- Updated: 10 Dec 2012
Somebody shot this cine film as they walked into town on a summer's day. It shows Walton Street, Great Western Street, Silver Street, Market Square and Bourbon Street. A fascinating look into the past.
http://wn.com/Aylesbury_c1964_in_colour
Somebody shot this cine film as they walked into town on a summer's day. It shows Walton Street, Great Western Street, Silver Street, Market Square and Bourbon Street. A fascinating look into the past.
- published: 30 Jan 2008
- views: 15150
- author: Karl Vaughan
Aylesbury 1999 (1st video)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 19:29
- Updated: 23 Nov 2012
Views of Station Street, Upper Hundreds Way, Britannia Street, New Street, Cambridge Street, Exchange Street, Walton Street, Market Square, Temple Square, Church Street and St Mary's Church
http://wn.com/Aylesbury_1999_1st_video
Views of Station Street, Upper Hundreds Way, Britannia Street, New Street, Cambridge Street, Exchange Street, Walton Street, Market Square, Temple Square, Church Street and St Mary's Church
- published: 17 Jun 2012
- views: 295
- author: Karl Vaughan
Funny fight outside The Bell, Aylesbury
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:34
- Updated: 02 Dec 2012
Pretty jokes in my opinion, oh how I love Aylesbury
http://wn.com/Funny_fight_outside_The_Bell,_Aylesbury
Pretty jokes in my opinion, oh how I love Aylesbury
- published: 08 Sep 2011
- views: 6825
- author: AylesburyTV
Aylesbury taxi drivers breaking the law - again
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:53
- Updated: 19 Dec 2012
SB56 MKF Highway code rule 191 & 238 CEZ 9021 Highway code rule 129 & 130 Taxi drivers are a law unto themselves.
http://wn.com/Aylesbury_taxi_drivers_breaking_the_law_again
SB56 MKF Highway code rule 191 & 238 CEZ 9021 Highway code rule 129 & 130 Taxi drivers are a law unto themselves.
- published: 21 Nov 2012
- views: 134
- author: drivingmuppets
Aylesbury Flash Mob
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:50
- Updated: 18 Dec 2012
Aylesbury Love your local market Flash Mob. 23rd June 2012
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Aylesbury Love your local market Flash Mob. 23rd June 2012
- published: 23 Jun 2012
- views: 894
- author: margy9
The Only Made In Aylesbury S02 E01 TOMIA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:30
- Updated: 10 Oct 2012
The Only Made In Aylesbury Series 2 Episode 1 www.facebook.com www.tomia.net Music by https www.audioadmusic.com Frank Lin
http://wn.com/The_Only_Made_In_Aylesbury_S02_E01_TOMIA
The Only Made In Aylesbury Series 2 Episode 1 www.facebook.com www.tomia.net Music by https www.audioadmusic.com Frank Lin
- published: 19 Sep 2012
- views: 1224
- author: AYLESBURY BUCKS
The Only Made In Aylesbury S02 E02 TOMIA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:19
- Updated: 14 Nov 2012
The Only Made In Aylesbury Series 2 Episode 2 www.facebook.com www.tomia.net https Music by www.facebook.com www.audioadmusic.com Frank Lin
http://wn.com/The_Only_Made_In_Aylesbury_S02_E02_TOMIA
The Only Made In Aylesbury Series 2 Episode 2 www.facebook.com www.tomia.net https Music by www.facebook.com www.audioadmusic.com Frank Lin
- published: 26 Sep 2012
- views: 1114
- author: AYLESBURY BUCKS
AYLESBURY TEAM | RADBMX Shop x United ForTheHonor 2012 - THIRD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:01
- Updated: 17 Dec 2012
THIRD PLACE EDIT "I'll get my boys from Aylesbury" Riders: Doug Chaloner, Kieran Edwards, Xav Andrew, Dan Shorely, Maynard Holt & Eddie Parker. Filmed & Edited By: Xavier Andrew and no the flair was never landed, was closest Xav got in time for the edit
http://wn.com/AYLESBURY_TEAM_|_RADBMX_Shop_x_United_ForTheHonor_2012_THIRD
THIRD PLACE EDIT "I'll get my boys from Aylesbury" Riders: Doug Chaloner, Kieran Edwards, Xav Andrew, Dan Shorely, Maynard Holt & Eddie Parker. Filmed & Edited By: Xavier Andrew and no the flair was never landed, was closest Xav got in time for the edit
- published: 28 Apr 2012
- views: 3695
- author: RADBMXShopFTH
AY Soldiers Aylesbury Hip Hop
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:10
- Updated: 24 Nov 2012
Too many shotters just poppin around, well brother I'm from Aylesbury, Aylesbury Strictly Aylesbury yeah Guarantee I make you cry, you cry I'm from a town not a city
http://wn.com/AY_Soldiers_Aylesbury_Hip_Hop
Too many shotters just poppin around, well brother I'm from Aylesbury, Aylesbury Strictly Aylesbury yeah Guarantee I make you cry, you cry I'm from a town not a city
- published: 03 Aug 2012
- views: 950
- author: yeoldbasser
The Queen's visit to Aylesbury on Friday 10th May 2002 1080p HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 32:41
- Updated: 16 Dec 2012
This is a short film we made of the Queen's visit to Aylesbury as part of Her Golden Jubilee celebrations, on Friday 10th May 2002. It was recorded using a Sony DCR-TRV120E Digital8 video camera with a Sony ECM-MS907 external stereo microphone.
http://wn.com/The_Queen's_visit_to_Aylesbury_on_Friday_10th_May_2002_1080p_HD
This is a short film we made of the Queen's visit to Aylesbury as part of Her Golden Jubilee celebrations, on Friday 10th May 2002. It was recorded using a Sony DCR-TRV120E Digital8 video camera with a Sony ECM-MS907 external stereo microphone.
- published: 03 Aug 2012
- views: 308
- author: redmilkfloat
Aylesbury Bin men with tiny brains
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:06
- Updated: 03 Dec 2012
As there is a queue of traffic at the lights, I move across into the bus lane (as I am entitled to do) but for some inexplicable reason, the driver of a bin lorry decides that he doesn't want me using the bus lane to get past him - so he's going to halt my progress. At first I thought he was going to take the next left & needed to come over into the left lane, so I flashed my lights & eased off the accellerator to allow him to come over. But no, he was just being bloody minded. My passengers didn't have many good things to say about him either - sadly the mic on the camera isn't sensative enough to capture what they say at the back of the bus.
http://wn.com/Aylesbury_Bin_men_with_tiny_brains
As there is a queue of traffic at the lights, I move across into the bus lane (as I am entitled to do) but for some inexplicable reason, the driver of a bin lorry decides that he doesn't want me using the bus lane to get past him - so he's going to halt my progress. At first I thought he was going to take the next left & needed to come over into the left lane, so I flashed my lights & eased off the accellerator to allow him to come over. But no, he was just being bloody minded. My passengers didn't have many good things to say about him either - sadly the mic on the camera isn't sensative enough to capture what they say at the back of the bus.
- published: 03 Apr 2012
- views: 2309
- author: drivingmuppets
Aylesbury Paralympic Flame celebrations
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:05
- Updated: 21 Sep 2012
Fireworks at the Aylesbury farmers market to celebrate the paralympic games in the UK
http://wn.com/Aylesbury_Paralympic_Flame_celebrations
Fireworks at the Aylesbury farmers market to celebrate the paralympic games in the UK
- published: 28 Aug 2012
- views: 549
- author: Jolanda Uijldert
Dunstable Town v Aylesbury United - Sat 3rd Nov 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:59
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
Self-proclaimed champions-elect Aylesbury United visited the Republik to take on an under strength Blues side. Dunstable Town were protecting their 3 point cushion on the Ducks and hoping to increase it.
http://wn.com/Dunstable_Town_v_Aylesbury_United_Sat_3rd_Nov_2012
Self-proclaimed champions-elect Aylesbury United visited the Republik to take on an under strength Blues side. Dunstable Town were protecting their 3 point cushion on the Ducks and hoping to increase it.
- published: 06 Nov 2012
- views: 215
- author: Richard Scott
Go Karting in Aylesbury (GoPro HERO2)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:13
- Updated: 19 Dec 2012
A few clips of a visit to Rouge Racing indoor Go Kart track in Aylesbury.
http://wn.com/Go_Karting_in_Aylesbury_GoPro_HERO2
A few clips of a visit to Rouge Racing indoor Go Kart track in Aylesbury.
- published: 18 Dec 2012
- views: 14
- author: BurnRubberL12
The Crisps. Live at The White Swan Aylesbury 24/11/2012.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:13
- Updated: 16 Dec 2012
Songs: Dear Deirdre, Sacksville, Stuntman, Jealous Minds.
http://wn.com/The_Crisps_Live_at_The_White_Swan_Aylesbury_24_11_2012
Songs: Dear Deirdre, Sacksville, Stuntman, Jealous Minds.
- published: 16 Dec 2012
- views: 20
- author: jpop crisp
Aylesbury shooting - Neighbourhood inspector Kelly Glister
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:09
- Updated: 30 Mar 2012
Aylesbury town neighbourhood inspector Kelly Glister describes what officers in the town have been doing since a 33-year-old man was shot in Stour Close on 28 March.
http://wn.com/Aylesbury_shooting_Neighbourhood_inspector_Kelly_Glister
Aylesbury town neighbourhood inspector Kelly Glister describes what officers in the town have been doing since a 33-year-old man was shot in Stour Close on 28 March.
- published: 30 Mar 2012
- views: 1077
- author: thamesvalleypoliceuk
Aylesbury 30 June 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:30
- Updated: 26 Nov 2012
We start in Walton Road by the gyratory, turn into Walton Street, crossing Exchange Street, into Market Square, behind the old Dark Lantern, into Bourbon Street and round to Rickfords Hill, then to Temple Square, Castle Street, Parsons Fee and the churchyard, then Pebble Lane, Kingsbury and Buckingham Street.
http://wn.com/Aylesbury_30_June_2011
We start in Walton Road by the gyratory, turn into Walton Street, crossing Exchange Street, into Market Square, behind the old Dark Lantern, into Bourbon Street and round to Rickfords Hill, then to Temple Square, Castle Street, Parsons Fee and the churchyard, then Pebble Lane, Kingsbury and Buckingham Street.
- published: 30 Jun 2011
- views: 2133
- author: Karl Vaughan
Cab Ride | Aylesbury Vale Parkway - Aylesbury | Class 165
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:29
- Updated: 12 Dec 2012
A very very nice and friendly driver allowed us to have a cab ride from a very empty Aylesbury Vale Parkway - Aylesbury in a Chiltern Railways 165. *PLEASE NOTE! I had permission from the driver manager for this cab ride.
http://wn.com/Cab_Ride_|_Aylesbury_Vale_Parkway_Aylesbury_|_Class_165
A very very nice and friendly driver allowed us to have a cab ride from a very empty Aylesbury Vale Parkway - Aylesbury in a Chiltern Railways 165. *PLEASE NOTE! I had permission from the driver manager for this cab ride.
- published: 30 Oct 2012
- views: 262
- author: Railmiller97
The Only Made In Aylesbury S02 E03 TOMIA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:43
- Updated: 04 Nov 2012
The Only Made In Aylesbury Series 2 Episode 3 www.facebook.com www.tomia.net Music by https www.audioadmusic.com Frank Lin
http://wn.com/The_Only_Made_In_Aylesbury_S02_E03_TOMIA
The Only Made In Aylesbury Series 2 Episode 3 www.facebook.com www.tomia.net Music by https www.audioadmusic.com Frank Lin
- published: 03 Oct 2012
- views: 759
- author: AYLESBURY BUCKS
Olympic Torch coming down Turnfurlong, Aylesbury
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 16:00
- Updated: 24 Oct 2012
My first vid My Minecraft LP playlist for you guys www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Olympic_Torch_coming_down_Turnfurlong,_Aylesbury
My first vid My Minecraft LP playlist for you guys www.youtube.com
- published: 09 Jul 2012
- views: 261
- author: MrMishboy
Fraser Houses Aylesbury
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:09
- Updated: 23 May 2012
Top interior designer Suzanne Garuda presents this video about the Aylesbury Place development at Newtownabbey, near Belfast, developed by Fraser Houses. The video was produced by millargrattanmedia.com for Serious PR. It was filmed by Gary Grattan and Martin Nelson and edited by Gary Grattan
http://wn.com/Fraser_Houses_Aylesbury
Top interior designer Suzanne Garuda presents this video about the Aylesbury Place development at Newtownabbey, near Belfast, developed by Fraser Houses. The video was produced by millargrattanmedia.com for Serious PR. It was filmed by Gary Grattan and Martin Nelson and edited by Gary Grattan
- published: 24 Mar 2011
- views: 1477
- author: carltoto1
photo: AP / Pablo Martinez Monsivais
19 Dec 2012
WASHINGTON. US President Barack Obama backs a new bill to revive an assault weapons ban and other new gun laws, the White House said Tuesday, fleshing out his nascent response to a shocking school massacre. Obama also called an ardently pro-gun senator who has shifted his position on firearms laws since Friday's carnage in Connecticut and has begun meeting top cabinet officials to consider his options, his spokesman Jay Carney said ... ....(size: 4.9Kb)
photo: AP / Charles Krupa
18 Dec 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. "Most people reason dramatically, not quantitatively." -Oliver Wendell Holmes. On the same day that a 20-year-old, described as brilliant but remote, walked into an elementary school in Connecticut and massacred 26 children and adults, the school where I teach went on "lock-down." Four students with a handgun were arrested ... That morning before school, he had posted on Twitter and Facebook....(size: 14.0Kb)
photo: Creative Commons / Joachim Huber
18 Dec 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. When a Stanford geneticist, Gerald Crabtree, published a provocative and controversial new view on evolutionary change, namely that humans are actually getting dumber, he should have also added that humans are still developing an extermination gene ... Paleontologist Tim Flannery would more than likely agree with Crabtree ... Strange strings of gravel also overlaid some bones ... (1) Kane, Alex ... 195....(size: 9.4Kb)
photo: AP / Narciso Contreras
19 Dec 2012
GENEVA (Reuters) - The United Nations appealed on Wednesday for $1.5 billion (920.1 million pounds) to provide life-saving aid to Syrians suffering from a "dramatically deteriorating" humanitarian situation ... "The magnitude of this humanitarian crisis is indisputable," said Radhouane Nouicer, U.N ... Inside Syria, U.N ... ....(size: 1.5Kb)
photo: AP / Jason DeCrow
18 Dec 2012
An increasing number of US congressmen have called for a national dialogue about measures to curb gun violence following the shooting last week at a primary school in Connecticut that killed 26 people, including 20 children and six adults. White House officials have said that President Barack Obama would make preventing gun-related violence a priority in his second term in office and stricter laws would be part of the effort. ... ....(size: 19.2Kb)
BBC News
20 Dec 2012
Continue reading the main story “Start Quote ... 'No conflict' ... Inspection ... Continue reading the main story “Start Quote ... David Bray is on two company's lists of Ofsted inspectors - Serco and Tribal - and carried out an inspection of Haydon Abbey School in Aylesbury in November 2012 having been contracted to work in a number of areas as an academy adviser in the run-up to the inspection including London and the South East....(size: 8.4Kb)
noodls
19 Dec 2012
Aylesbury Vale District Council) ... Aylesbury Vale District Council will support an appeal if the 51m alliance's legal challenge over HS2 is rejected ... "Those residents and businesses in Aylesbury Vale that will be affected by the planned route have put their faith in this authority to help them in their fight against it ... This noodl was issued by Aylesbury Vale District Council and was initially posted at www.aylesburyvaledc.gov.uk....(size: 4.2Kb)
noodls
19 Dec 2012
Aylesbury Vale District Council) ... Aylesbury Vale District Council has outlined proposals to increase its share of the council tax bill by just 5p per week to help protect frontline services ... The cabinet has recommended that council sets a budget of around £17 million to provide a range of services for Aylesbury Vale including waste and recycling collections, street cleaning, car parking and leisure activities....(size: 5.6Kb)
noodls
19 Dec 2012
As a previous participant, and as a former player at Community Partners Aylesbury RFC, Aylesbury Grammar School and Chinnor RFC he is perfectly placed to demonstrate to all of our participants that their rugby dreams can come true ... Born in Aylesbury, Sam Jones started playing rugby at Aylesbury Grammar School and Aylesbury RFC, aged 11 and rose ......(size: 4.2Kb)
noodls
19 Dec 2012
(Source ... This half-term, we have been delivering elements of the Aviva Premiership Rugby Schools Programme in the Aylesbury, Oxfordshire and South Bucks area, as a part of the London Wasps Community Schools Programme ... Aston Clinton School, near Aylesbury Little Chalfont Primary School, near Amersham Oak Green School, Aylesbury South Moreton School, Wallingford Stoke Mandeville Combined School, Aylesbury The Elmhurst School, Aylesbury....(size: 3.6Kb)
noodls
19 Dec 2012
(Source. London Wasps Holdings Limited). Dave Larham reports Read more from Ben Smiley about the delivery of our schools' Numeracy & Tag Rugby Programme. What is the MBNA Tackling Numbers Tag Rugby Programme? ... Aston Clinton School, near Aylesbury Hawridge and Cholesbury CE School, near Chesham Holtspur School, Beaconsfield St Louis Catholic Primary School, Aylesbury The Elmhurst School, Aylesbury ... www.wasps.co.uk. distributed by....(size: 3.2Kb)
Sky Sports
19 Dec 2012
Alan Smith will take charge of MK Dons when they play Aylesbury in the Berkshire and Buckinghamshire County Senior Cup ... The match at Aylesbury will kick-off at 7.45pm with the winners set to face Beaconsfield in the last four. Share. ....(size: 1.6Kb)
BBC News
19 Dec 2012
Russell Grant is currently starring in Aylesbury Waterside Theatre's production of Peter Pan ... BBC News went behind the scenes to find out how audio description and touch tours work....(size: 1.4Kb)
noodls
19 Dec 2012
(Source. Share plc). shareplc.. Director Dealings 19 December 2012. Share plc (AIM ... These options were granted in July 2006 under the Company's EMI arrangements ... Share plc ... Oxford House Oxford Road Aylesbury Buckinghamshire HP21 8SZ phone 01296 41 41 41 visit www.shareplc.com ... (noodl. 17012791) ....(size: 2.1Kb)
noodls
18 Dec 2012
(Source. Aylesbury Vale District Council). Date Published. 18/12/12. Light bulb. Aylesbury Vale District Council's environmental efforts have been rewarded in the Public Sector Sustainability Awards. Alan Asbury, AVDC Sustainability Team Leader, took first place in the Sustainability Manager of the Year category ... Contact. ... Email. ... This noodl was issued by Aylesbury Vale District Council and was initially posted at www.aylesburyvaledc.gov.uk....(size: 4.5Kb)
noodls
17 Dec 2012
Aylesbury Vale District Council) ... An Aylesbury woman failed to declare part time work she had undertaken and continued claiming benefits ... A joint investigation by the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) and Aylesbury Vale District Council found that Mrs Crowe had been working for a cleaning company since June 2010 but had failed to notify the authorities....(size: 3.9Kb)
BBC News
15 Dec 2012
A 21-year-old man from Watford died on 29 November and a man from Aylesbury, also 21, died on 12 December. Hertfordshire Police is investigating the deaths. Both thought to have taken MDMA (ecstasy) ... He said ... ....(size: 1.2Kb)
The Daily Telegraph
15 Dec 2012
We can only protect our land in the long term by reducing the rate of population growth. 7.00AM GMT 15 Dec 2012. Comments. SIR – David Cameron has backed building on greenfield land and the search for shale gas (reports, December 12). His support for both has aroused much opposition from those concerned with the environment and quality of life in Britain ... Simon Ross. Chief Executive, Population Matters ... Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire ... ....(size: 18.2Kb)
This page is about Aylesbury in Buckinghamshire, England. For other uses of the name see Aylesbury (disambiguation).
Coordinates: 51°49′00″N 0°48′45″W / 51.8168°N 0.8124°W / 51.8168; -0.8124
| Aylesbury | |
 Aylesbury
Aylesbury shown within Buckinghamshire |
|
| Population | 56,392 [1] Urban area 69,021 |
|---|---|
| OS grid reference | SP818138 |
| - London | 41.6 m |
| Civil parish | Aylesbury |
| District | Aylesbury Vale |
| Shire county | Buckinghamshire |
| Region | South East |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | AYLESBURY |
| Postcode district | HP19, HP20, HP21 |
| Dialling code | 01296 |
| Police | Thames Valley |
| Fire | Buckinghamshire |
| Ambulance | South Central |
| EU Parliament | South East England |
| UK Parliament | Aylesbury |
| List of places: UK • England • Buckinghamshire | |
Aylesbury ( /ˈeɪlzbri/) is the county town of Buckinghamshire in South East England. However the town also falls into a notional geographical region known as the South Midlands an area that ecompasses the north of the South East, and the southern extremities of the East Midlands, and the western portion of the East of England. In the 2001 census the Aylesbury Urban Area,[1] which includes Bierton, Fairford Leys, Stoke Mandeville and Watermead, had a population of 69,021, which included 56,392 for the Aylesbury civil parish.
History[link]
The town name is of Old English origin. Its first recorded name Æglesburgh is thought to mean "Fort of Aegel", though who Aegel was is not recorded. Since earliest records there have been 57 variations of the name. Excavations in the town centre in 1985 found an Iron Age hillfort dating from the early 4th century BC. The town is sited on an outcrop of Portlandian limestone which accounts for its prominent position in the surrounding landscape, which is largely clay. Aylesbury was a major market town in Anglo-Saxon times, famous in addition as the burial place of Saint Osyth, whose shrine attracted pilgrims. The Early English parish church of St. Mary (which has many later additions) has a crypt beneath. Once thought to be Anglo-Saxon, it is now recognised as being of the same period as the medieval chapel above. At the Norman Conquest, the king took the manor of Aylesbury for himself, and it is listed as a royal manor in the Domesday Book, 1086.
In 1450 a religious institution called the Guild of St Mary was founded in Aylesbury by John Kemp, Archbishop of York. Known popularly as the Guild of Our Lady it became a meeting place for local dignitaries and a hotbed of political intrigue. The Guild was influential in the final outcome of the Wars of the Roses. Its premises at the Chantry in Church Street, Aylesbury, are still there, though today the site is occupied mainly by almshouses.
Aylesbury was declared the county town of Buckinghamshire in 1529 by King Henry VIII: Aylesbury Manor was among the many properties belonging to Thomas Boleyn the father of Anne Boleyn and it is rumoured that the change was made by the king in order to curry favour with the holders of the manor. (Previously the county town of Buckinghamshire was Buckingham).
The town played a large part in the English Civil War when it became a stronghold for the Parliamentarian forces, like many market towns a nursing-ground of Puritan sentiment and in 1642 the Battle of Aylesbury was fought and won by the Parliamentarians. Its proximity to Great Hampden, home of John Hampden has made of Hampden a local hero: his silhouette is on the emblem used by Aylesbury Vale District Council and his statue stands prominently in the town centre. Aylesbury born composer, Rutland Boughton (1878–1960), possibly inspired by the statue of John Hampden, created a symphony based on Oliver Cromwell.
On 18 March 1664, Robert Bruce, 2nd Earl of Elgin in the Peerage of Scotland was created 1st Earl of Ailesbury, Viscount Bruce, of Ampthill in the County of Bedford, and Baron Bruce, of Skelton in the County of York, all in the Peerage of England.
The Jacobean mansion of Hartwell nearby was the residence of Louis XVIII during his exile (1810–1814). Bourbon Street in Aylesbury is named after the king. Louis's wife, Marie Josephine of Savoy died at Hartwell in 1810 and is buried in the churchyard there. She is the only French Queen to be buried on English soil. The town's heraldic crest is the Aylesbury duck, which has been bred here since the birth of the Industrial Revolution.
The town also received international publicity in the 1960s when the culprits responsible for the Great Train Robbery were tried at Aylesbury Crown Court. The robbery took place at Bridego Bridge, a railway bridge at Ledburn, about six miles (10 km) from the town. The 7 July 2005 Piccadilly Line bomber Germaine Lindsay's home was in Aylesbury at the time of the bombings, though he was originally from Jamaica.
A notable institution is Aylesbury Grammar School which was founded in 1598. The original building is now part of the County Museum buildings in Church Street; other grammar schools now include Sir Henry Floyd Grammar School and Aylesbury High School. Other notable buildings are the King's Head Inn, which with the Fleece Inn at Bretforton is one of the few public houses in the country owned by the National Trust still run as a public house, and the Queens Park Centre, the UK's largest independent arts centre.
Chequers, the country residence of the Prime Minister since 1921, is just four miles southeast of Aylesbury.
James Henry Govier the British painter and etcher resided at Aylesbury and produced a number of works relating to the town including the church, canal, Walton, Aylesbury Gaol, the King's Head and views of the town during the 1940s and 1950s, examples of which can be seen in the Buckinghamshire County Museum in Aylesbury. Govier was born at Oakley, and was the etching demonstrator at the Royal College of Art.
Modern Aylesbury[link]
File:MG 3755.jpg
Kingsbury, Aylesbury
The town's population has doubled since the 1960s due to new housing developments, including many London overspill housing estates, built to ease pressure on the capital, and to move people from crowded inner city slums to more favourable locations. Indeed Aylesbury, to a greater extent than many English market towns, saw substantial areas of its own heart demolished in the 1950s/1960s as 16th-18th century houses (many in good repair) were pulled down to make way for commercial developments.
Aylesbury's population was expected to increase between 2003 and 2005 with a new housing estate designed to cater for eight thousand people on the north side of the town, sandwiched between the A41 (Akeman Street) and the A413, and the expansion of Fairford Leys village.
Housing estates in the modern Aylesbury include: Bedgrove, Broughton, Elm Farm, Elmhurst, Fairford Leys, Haydon Hill, Hawkslade Farm, Meadowcroft, Prebendal Farm, Quarrendon, Queens Park, Southcourt, Stoke Grange, Walton Court, Watermead and the Willows. Aylesbury has also been extended to completely surround the former hamlets or farms at Bedgrove, California, New Zealand, Prebendal Farm, Quarrendon, Turnfurlong and Walton. If plans to increase the size of the town by twenty thousand people go ahead, suburban Aylesbury could well meet up with the neighbouring villages of Bierton, Hartwell, Stoke Mandeville, Stone, Sedrup and Weston Turville. Areas most popular in the town are the Conservation Area around St. Mary's church and Queens Park, particularly facing onto the canal. These anticipated developments are expected to raise the urban population of Aylesbury from its current approximation of 75,000 to around 100,000 within the next 15–20 years.
The town centre has many pubs and bars, along with some nightclubs, and Friday and Saturday nights can be lively.
The local newspaper is the Bucks Herald. The local radio station is Mix 96. One of the more prominent buildings in Aylesbury is the "Blue Leanie" office block, home to Halifax Bank of Scotland (HBOS). When first built it was thought to be a potential hazard to passing motorists, due to the sun reflecting off its large mirrored surface. As a result a line of mature trees was planted alongside the main road to prevent dazzling.[2]
The town is served by Aylesbury railway station and Aylesbury Vale Parkway railway station, the latter of which is the present terminus of passenger services from London Marylebone.
Aylesbury Waterside Theatre, a new £42 million theatre,[3] with 1,200 seat auditorium, opened in October 2010.[4][5] In addition to this, the surrounding area is being redeveloped as part of the £100 million Waterside project.[6] When this is completed, originally planned for June 2010, there will be 260,000 sq ft (24,000 m2) of new retail floor space and 1,100 new jobs created, although when this will be completed now is unclear.
The Bourg Walk Bridge (also called the Southcourt Bridge or the Roberts Bridge after a local councillor) opened in March 2009 connecting Southcourt to Aylesbury town centre. The focus of the footbridge is a central concrete pillar with four suspension cables supporting the structure. This bridge forms a central part of the Aylesbury Hub project. Bourg Walk was nominated and won the Engineering Excellence Award 2009 awarded by the Institution of Civil Engineers - South East England branch .[7]
Administration[link]
Aylesbury Town Council is the parish council within Aylesbury Vale district for the town. In 2010, it comprises 24 councillors, 19 of whom are Liberal Democrats, the remaining 5 Conservative. The council represents only the constituents of Aylesbury town itself. Surrounding villages and some recent developments on the outskirts of Aylesbury like Fairford Leys & Watermead have their own parish council. In 2010 the district council decided that the new developments of Berryfields and Weedon Hill, both to the north of Aylesbury, should also join to form a new parish as of May 2011.[8]
The Town Council also elects the Town Mayor from the serving Town Councillors every year. The process culminates in a formal "Mayor Making" ceremony where the new Mayor takes over from the preceding Mayor. The role of mayor is mainly a ceremonial role representing the town at various events and acting as an ambassador for the town.
The Town Council is in a process of discussions to take over responsibility for some public services from Aylesbury Vale District Council.
Architecture[link]
Main article: Architecture of Aylesbury
The architecture of Aylesbury reflects the ordinary architecture which can be found in many small towns in England. John Vanbrugh judged two sets of plans for the County Hall (now Aylesbury Crown Court); however, the buildings of the town were designed by local architects.
Aylesbury retains some buildings from the medieval, Georgian and Victorian periods, as well as the 20th century. Ceely House (part of the County Museum), Ardenham House, the Union Workhouse and the County Gaol are among the most notable buildings in the town.
St Mary's Church, sited upon a hill surrounded by narrow streets and squares of substantial 18th century town houses, such as Castle Street, Temple Square and Parson's Fee give an indication of how Aylesbury may have appeared in the 18th century.
Education[link]
Aylesbury is home to one College of General Further Education (Aylesbury College on Oxford Road), three grammar schools, two community upper schools, an academy and a host of primary schools. The secondary schools are:
- Aylesbury Grammar School (boys only)
- Aylesbury High School (girls only)
- The Aylesbury Vale Academy
- The Grange School
- Sir Henry Floyd Grammar School
- Mandeville Upper School
There are also the following special schools, that teach secondary school age children with learning disabilities:
- Pebble Brook School
- Stocklake Park Community School, formerly Park School
The Aylesbury Vale Secondary Support Centre[9] is a Pupil Referral Unit (PRU), which caters for permanently excluded students.
Another large educational establishment in Aylesbury is the Aylesbury Music Centre, which has its own premises adjoining Aylesbury High School.
Health[link]
Stoke Mandeville Hospital is a large National Health Service hospital to the south of the town centre. Its National Spinal Injuries Centre is one of the largest specialist spinal units in the world, and the pioneering rehabilitation work carried out there by Sir Ludwig Guttmann led to the development of the Paralympic Games. Stoke Mandeville Stadium was developed alongside the hospital and is the National Centre for Disability Sport in the United Kingdom.[10]
Royal Buckinghamshire Hospital is a private hospital specialising in spinal cord injury.[11]
There is also a facility for mental health treatment at Tindal Centre on Bierton Road with CMHT's based in Fairford Leys
Trade and industry[link]
File:MG 3722.jpg
Bucks County Hall taken from the Grand Union Canal
Traditionally the town was a commercial centre with a market dating back to the Saxon period. This is because it was established on the main Akeman Street which became an established trade route linking London to the southwest. In 1180 a gaol was established in the town (it is still there though has moved locations two or three times) which only really happened in main towns across the country.
By 1477 flour was being ground in the town for surrounding parishes. By the modern period this had grown into a huge established industry: the last mill in Aylesbury was closed in the 1990s (Hills & Partridge on the canal behind Tesco). By 1560 the manufacture of needles had become a large industry in Long Crendon, a village close to Aylesbury, which was an important production centre.
In 1672 poor children in Buckinghamshire were taught to make lace as a way to make a living. Bucks lace as it became known quickly became very sought after and production boomed as the lace was mainly made by poor women and children. The lace-making industry had died out by Victorian times, however, as new machine-made lace became preferable.
In 1764 Euclid Neale opened his clock making workshop in Aylesbury. In the 18th century he was one of the best clock makers in the country.
In 1814 the Aylesbury arm of the Grand Union Canal from Marsworth was opened bringing major industry to the town for the first time. At the same time the Wendover arm was built leading to nearby Wendover.
By the late 19th century the printers and bookbinders, Hazell, Watson and Viney and the Nestlé dairy were the two main employers in the town, employing more than half the total population.
Today the town is still a major commercial centre and the market still meets on the cobbles of the old Market Square four days a week. Nestle and Hazell, Watson and Viney have both gone, as has the US Automotive parts producer TRW, who left the town in 2006. However, three major industrial centres make sure the town has one of the lowest unemployment rates in the country.
Sport and leisure[link]
Aylesbury has two local Semi-professional football teams, Aylesbury F.C. who play at Haywood way and Aylesbury United F.C. who currently share a ground with Leighton Town.
Transport[link]
Road[link]
Aylesbury is served by the A41, which runs from London to Birkenhead. The A413 and A418 roads also run through the town. The M40 motorway at junction 9 is 14.7 miles (23.7 km) away and the M25 motorway is just over 21 miles (34 km) drive.
Bus[link]
In 2006, work commenced on the public transport hub, a scheme comprising a one-way loop of bus lanes around the town's inner ring road, which includes improvements to the connectivity between bus and rail services. The first two phases of this scheme were completed in 2007, providing new bus lanes on Exchange Street, New Street, Friarage Road and White Hill, and also opened up High Street to buses. The final two phases, including the Bourg Walk Bridge and Station Boulevard were officially opened in April 2009.[12]
Aylesbury is well connected to local destinations by bus services. Run by Arriva, these services run every 20–30 minutes to Milton Keynes, Oxford, High Wycombe, Thame, Tring, Hemel Hempstead and Watford. Hourly services also run to Luton and Leighton Buzzard.
Aylesbury is served by Buckinghamshire's first 'Rainbow Routes' network of bus services. The colour-coded routes were set up by Buckinghamshire County Council, and bus operators:
- Silver Rider 1 - Z&S Buses, every 15 minutes to Fairford Leys;
- Blue Route 2 - Arriva, every 15 minutes to Haydon Hill and Quarrendon;
- Orange Route 3 - Star Travel, every 20 minutes to Elmhurst, Haydon Hill and Quarrendon;
- Green Route 4 - Arriva, every 15 minutes to The Coppice, Hawkslade Farm, Walton Court and Southcourt;
- Purple Route 7 - Z&S Buses, every 20 minutes to Southcourt, The Willows and Buckingham Park;
- Red Route 9 - Arriva, every 15 minutes to Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Hawkslade Farm, Walton Court, Southcourt and Bedgrove.
Other operators running to Aylesbury include Tiger Line (a name used by Woottens Luxury Travel) and Red Rose Travel.
Rail[link]
The railways came to Aylesbury in 1839 when the Aylesbury Railway opened from Cheddington on Robert Stephenson's London and Birmingham Railway. The Wycombe Railway (later GWR) arrived via Princes Risborough on 1 October 1863, and on 23 September 1868 the Aylesbury and Buckingham Railway (later Metropolitan Railway) was opened from Verney Junction, to make an end-on junction with the Wycombe Railway. The Metropolitan Railway (MetR) from Baker Street arrived via Amersham in 1892.[13] The Great Central Railway (GCR) connected from Nottingham Victoria to London Marylebone via the MetR in 1899. Between 1899 and 1953, Aylesbury had railway links to four London termini: Marylebone, Baker Street, Paddington, Euston. The Aylesbury Railway closed in 1953, The MetR, which later became the Metropolitan Line of the London Underground withdrew north of Aylesbury in 1936[14] and withdrew from the town in 1961.[15] The GCR was dismantled north of Aylesbury in 1966. As a result, there were no regular passenger services north of Aylesbury until the opening of Aylesbury Vale Parkway railway station in December 2008. Now only the GCR south of Aylesbury Vale Parkway to Marylebone is used for regular London services.
A rail scheme to extend passenger services northwestwards to a new station, Aylesbury Vale Parkway, was completed in December 2008.[16] This is sited on the formerly freight-only line towards Quainton at the point where the line crosses the A41 near Berryfields Farm on the NW outskirts of the town, some 2.25 miles (3.62 km) north of the main Aylesbury station. This area is to be known as the Berryfields Major Development Area, and will include Park and Ride facilities for Aylesbury.
A further expansion of rail services to Bletchley and Bedford (see East West Rail Link) is suggested in a consultants' report[17] written to provide regional planning guidance to Bucks County Council concerning the development of Aylesbury Vale. Also the Great Central may be rebuilt in the future towards Rugby as the railway is in need for expansion to ease capacity constraints.
Cycling demonstration town[link]
In 2005 the town won £1million funding to be one of six Cycling Demonstration towns in England, which was match-funded by Buckinghamshire County Council.[18] This allows Buckinghamshire County Council to promote the use of cycling amongst the general public, as well as provide facilities for cyclists, such as bike lockers, bike stands as well as Tiger and Toucan road crossings.
Cycle Aylesbury, the team created to undertake the Cycling Demonstration town work, recently opened the first of their Gemstone Cycleways, which are a network of routes running from Aylesbury Town Centre to various locations around the town, including Stone, Bierton, Wendover and Watermead. A second brochure/magazine was put out to accompany the routes, along with a redesigned website, CycleAylesbury.co.uk.
Notable residents[link]
Aylesbury is or has been home to a whole range of notable people. In the latter part of the 20th century the main maternity unit in the district was located in Aylesbury at the Royal Buckinghamshire Hospital; hence a large number of people were born in Aylesbury who may not have had any other association with the town. For a full list see People from Aylesbury. In alphabetic order of surname those who live or have lived in Aylesbury include:
- Michael Apted, film director and producer was born in Aylesbury in 1941[19]
- Benjamin Bates, physician[20]
- Lynda Bellingham, actress and television presenter[21]
- Ernest Bullock, organist and composer, died in Aylesbury[22]
- Brendan Carr, actor, lives in Aylesbury[23]
- Mathilde Carré, French double agent, was once a detainee at Aylesbury Prison[24]
- Martin Grech, singer-songwriter[25]
- John Junkin, television performer and scriptwriter, died in Aylesbury[26]
- Germaine Lindsay, terrorist, was living in Aylesbury when he detonated a suicide bomb in London[27]
- John Otway, singer-songwriter[28]
- Charles William Pearson, missionary[29]
- Matt Phillips, footballer, born in Aylesbury[30]
- James Clark Ross, naval explorer, died in Aylesbury[31]
- Vernon Scannell, poet[32]
- William of Sherwood, logician and teacher[33]
- Mike Smith of The Dave Clark Five lived in Aylesbury[34]
- Mark Webber, Formula 1 Driver with Red Bull Racing, born in Australia[35]
- John Wilkes, radical, MP for Aylesbury 1757 & 1761, lived at Prebendal House in the town[36]
Popular culture[link]
There used to be a club in Aylesbury in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s renamed the Friars' Club in 1969 where a lot of the top bands of the time played, including Jimi Hendrix, the Rolling Stones, The Cream, Otis Redding, The Clash, Hawkwind, Queen, Genesis, U2, David Bowie, Marillion & The Ramones. Friars' Club celebrated its 40th anniversary in 2009, by holding three special concerts that reflected the various phases of the club's musical history. The first concert in June featured the Edgar Broughton Band, the Groundhogs and the Pretty Things. In October, Stiff Little Fingers, Penetration and the Disco Students appeared to celebrates the punk/new wave era. In November, Kid Creole & the Coconuts and China Crisis played.
The band Marillion have a close association with Aylesbury. They originally formed there, with the band's first single, 1982's "Market Square Heroes" taking its title inspiration from Aylesbury's Market Square. The band continue to be based in the area, with their Racket Records studio still close to Aylesbury, and in 2007 the band performed together with their original lead singer Fish for the first time in 19 years at Aylesbury.[37]
Scenes from the film A Clockwork Orange were filmed in Friars' Square in Aylesbury, but did not make it to the final cut. This is the 'Librarian Scene' where outtakes from the shoot and rehearsal can be seen in Alison Castle's The Stanley Kubrick Archives published by Taschen. The opening scene when the droogs beat up the elderly Irish man is mistakenly cited as being filmed in the underpass linking Friars' Square Shopping Centre with the railway station. Although Christiane Kubrick's book Stanley Kubrick — A Life In Pictures states this, the underpass in the film has a different shape to the one in Aylesbury and these sequences were actually filmed in Wandsworth.
According to Malcolm McDowell on Camera 2 in the summer of 2002: "We did a sequence in Aylesbury. The town square was decorated with giant rubber ducks, weird animals, they were huge, and we accosted an old guy from the library. I ripped out these priceless books that he had and I threw them up. I remember my line, it was taken from the book, it was: 'There's a mackerel of a cornflake for you.' The pages from the ripped books fall like confetti. The retribution was that Alex goes to the library when he is cured and all the old codgers in the library go: 'You were the one!'"
The County Court building and Aylesbury Market Square regularly feature in the BBC Television series Judge John Deed.
Aylesbury Methodist Church holds an annual organ recital, which has become very popular and attracts prominent organists from throughout the UK.
The Roald Dahl Children's Gallery in Church Street, Aylesbury, is a children's museum in honour of novelist Roald Dahl that opened on 23 November 1996.[38] Aylesbury hosts the Roald Dahl Festival, a procession of giant puppets based on his characters, on July 2.[39]
Comedian and actor Ronnie Barker (1929–2005) began his acting career in the town in the late 1940s and in September 2010, almost five years after his death, a bronze statue of him was unveiled by actor David Jason and Barker's one time co-star Ronnie Corbett (the other half of the Two Ronnies) on a new public place in Exchange Street.[40]
Geography[link]
Aylesbury is located at 51°50′00″N 00°50′00″W / 51.8333333°N 0.8333333°W / 51.8333333; -0.8333333 (51.8333, -0.8333)1.
Twin towns[link]
Aylesbury is twinned with:
Bourg-en-Bresse, France
Places of interest[link]
- Buckinghamshire County Museum
- King's Head Inn
- Roald Dahl Children's Gallery
- Waterside Theatre, opened October 2010.
Closest cities, towns and villages[link]
 |
Fleet Marston, Waddesdon, Bicester | Hardwick, Whitchurch, Winslow, Buckingham | Bierton, Wing, Leighton Buzzard, Milton Keynes | |
| Stone, Haddenham, Thame, Oxford |  |
Aston Clinton, Tring, Hemel Hempstead, | ||
 Aylesbury East |
||||
 |
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| Bishopstone, Chinnor, Watlington, Wallingford | Stoke Mandeville, Princes Risborough, High Wycombe | Weston Turville, Wendover, Great Missenden, Amersham, London |
Gallery[link]
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Church Street, Aylesbury
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MG 9002.jpg
Church Street, Aylesbury
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Ayles00205A.jpg
Bucks New County Offices
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Blue Leanie office block, home to Halifax Bank of Scotland (HBOS).
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ "Aylesbury Urban Area Strategy Bucks CC". Bucks County Council. http://www.buckscc.gov.uk/bcc/content/index.jsp?contentid=-1595816924. Retrieved 2008-07-04. [dead link] ]
- ^ Geograph.org.uk
- ^ Aylesbury's £42 Million New Theatre Opens http://www.thestage.co.uk/news/newsstory.php/29923/aylesburys-42m-waterside-
- ^ Highlights from the Launch of Aylesbury Waterside Theatre http://www.ambassadortickets.com/content.aspx?CategoryID=275&ArticleID=179&fp=1&RegionID=15
- ^ Waterside Theatre Opens (BBC) http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/threecounties/hi/people_and_places/newsid_9083000/9083183.stm
- ^ Aylesbury's Economic Growth http://www.redstonebc.com/kfx/localeconomy.html
- ^ Aylesbury Footbridge achieves top honour at Thames Valley Engineering Excellence Awards
- ^ Aylesbury Vale District Council recommendations for Weedon parish
- ^ Aylesbury Vale Secondary Support Centre
- ^ Stoke Mandeville Stadium
- ^ Royal Buckinghamshire Hospital
- ^ Buckscc.gov.uk
- ^ "Metropolitan Railway". 20th Century London. http://www.20thcenturylondon.org.uk/server.php?show=ConInformationRecord.346. Retrieved 2008-04-05.
- ^ "Quainton Road to Verney Junction". Underground History. http://underground-history.co.uk/amersham.php. Retrieved 2008-04-05.
- ^ "Metropolitan Line". Davros. http://www.davros.org/rail/culg/metropolitan.html. Retrieved 2008-04-05.
- ^ "Bucks County Council Thirty Year Transport Vision". Bucks County Council. http://www.buckscc.gov.uk/transport_plan/LTP2/thirty_yr_vision.htm. Retrieved 2008-04-05. [dead link]
- ^ "Aylesbury Vale Draft transport Strategy". Bucks County Council. http://www.southeast-ra.gov.uk/southeastplan/key/study_areas/draft_strategies/mkav/aylesbury_vale-draft_strategy.pdf. Retrieved 2008-04-05.
- ^ "Aylesbury". Cycling England. Archived from the original on 2008-02-13. http://web.archive.org/web/20080213122747/http://www.cyclingengland.co.uk/dt_aylesbury.php. Retrieved 2008-04-05.
- ^ "Michael Apted Personal Biog". Film Reference. http://www.filmreference.com/film/91/Michael-Apted.html. Retrieved 29 March 2012.
- ^ "John Hamilton Mortimer and the discovery of Captain Cook". National Library of Australia. http://www.nla.gov.au/pict/explore/mortimer.html. Retrieved 4 August 2008.
- ^ "Lynda Bellingham Official Biography". Lynda Bellingham. http://www.lyndabellingham.com/. Retrieved 4 August 2008.
- ^ Elley, Derek; Peter Cowie (1978). International Music Guide 1978. Michigan: Barnes. ISBN 0-498-02424-5.
- ^ "Interview with Brendan Carr". bbc.co.uk. http://news.bbc.co.uk/mobile/bbc_news/england/nwyl/londonsouth/london/418/41844/story4184466b.wml. Retrieved 4 August 2008.
- ^ Gray, Chris (28 November 2002). "How a triple agent called 'the Cat' got the cream of Britain's spy network". Independent.co.uk (London: The Independent). http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/how-a-triple-agent-called-the-cat-got-the-cream-of-britains-spy-network-609400.html. Retrieved 2008-08-04.
- ^ Sullivan, Caroline (18 May 2005). "Martin Grech". Guardian Online (London: The Guardian). http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2005/may/18/popandrock. Retrieved 2008-08-04.
- ^ John Junkin at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ "Profile: Germaine Lindsay". bbc.co.uk (BBC). 11 May 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4762591.stm. Retrieved 2008-08-04.
- ^ "From Shaw Taylor to John Otway". Aylesbury Today (The Bucks Herald). 25 July 2007. http://www.bucksherald.co.uk/nostalgia/From-Shaw-Taylor-to-John.3058339.jp. Retrieved 2008-08-04.
- ^ "Pearson, Charles William". Dictionary of African Christian Biography. http://www.dacb.org/stories/uganda/pearson_charlesw.html. Retrieved 4 August 2008.
- ^ "Aylesbury football star Phillips snubs Three Lions for Tartan Army". The Bucks Herald. 25 February 2012. http://www.bucksherald.co.uk/sport/aylesbury_football_star_phillips_snubs_three_lions_for_tartan_army_1_3554711. Retrieved 2012-02-27.
- ^ "Sir James Clark Ross". Encyclopaedia Britannica. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/510080/Sir-James-Clark-Ross. Retrieved 4 August 2008.
- ^ Brownjohn, Alan (19 November 2007). "Obituary: Vernon Scannell". Guardian Online (London: The Guardian). http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/2007/nov/19/guardianobituaries.poetry. Retrieved 2008-08-04.
- ^ Kretzmann, Norman; Anthony Kenny, Jan Pinborg, Eleonore Stump (1988). The Cambridge History of Later Medieval Philosophy. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 892. ISBN 978-0-521-36933-6.
- ^ "Dave Clark Five singer Smith dies". bbc.co.uk (BBC). 29 February 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7270242.stm. Retrieved 2008-08-04.
- ^ "Mark Webber - My Story". http://www.markwebber.com/my-story.
- ^ "John Wilkes "A Friend to Liberty" 1727-1797". Aylesbury Town Council. http://www.aylesburytowncouncil.gov.uk/infopage.asp?infoid=606. Retrieved 8 March 2009.
- ^ "Singer Fish and Marillion reunite". BBC News. 28 August 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6966603.stm.
- ^ Sharron L. McElmeel (1999)100 most popular children's authors: biographical sketches and bibliographies Libraries Unlimited, 1999
- ^ David Hurst (20 June 2005) Roald Dahl's fantasy factory The Daily Mail
- ^ "Ronnie Barker statue unveiled". BBC News. 30 September 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/threecounties/hi/people_and_places/newsid_9026000/9026186.stm.
External links[link]
- Aylesbury Town Council
- Aylesbury Vale District Council
- Buckinghamshire County Council
- Aylesbury Town Guide
- Information on the growth and regeneration of Aylesbury
- Information about Aylesbury schools entrance exams
- St Mary's Church Aylesbury
- The Bucks Herald
- Friars Club Aylesbury
- Rainbow Routes network
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- For the former VFL player, see Bill Grundy (footballer).
William "Bill" Grundy (18 May 1923 – 9 February 1993) was an English television presenter and former host of Today, a regional news programme broadcast on Thames Television. He became nationally notorious because of a foul-mouthed[1] interview with the Sex Pistols on his show in 1976.
Contents |
Biography[link]
The son of a factory owner, William Grundy was born in Manchester in 1923 and educated at Manchester University, where he read geology. Grundy began his career as a geologist and as a part-time journalist. When Granada Television began broadcasting in 1956, Grundy auditioned for the post of newsreader, which at first he held in tandem with his geological work. He was the first television presenter to present The Beatles on Granada Television on 17 October 1962. He appeared on several TV shows, including People and Places and Man About the House, but his greatest claim to fame was as host of the Today show.
[edit] The Today show incident
Grundy became notorious in a matter of two minutes owing to an incident that occurred when the punk band Sex Pistols and their entourage appeared at short notice on the Today show of 1 December 1976.[2] They were a last minute stand-in for Queen, who were forced to cancel. The Today show was broadcast live and uncensored during daytime hours at a time when obscenities were forbidden.
The interview began with Grundy introducing the band, but he then began to provoke his guests. As he introduced them he made what was probably a tongue-in-cheek comment, that he was under the influence of alcohol: "...they are as drunk as I am!" Initially, he received mocking but relatively innocuous responses from Glen Matlock.[2] However, Steve Jones, when asked by Grundy what the band had done with the £40,000 given to them by their record company, said: "We fuckin' spent it ain't we". The obscenity was overlooked by Grundy at the time.[2] Following this, John Lydon, in response to a question about Mozart, muttered the word "shit" under his breath. When challenged by Grundy, Lydon said (rather sheepishly) that it was nothing but a "rude word" and asked Grundy to go on with the interview. Grundy insisted that Lydon repeat what he had said. When Lydon did so, Grundy mocked him.[2]
Next, Grundy jokingly made advances on Siouxsie Sioux, who appeared as part of the band's entourage, by saying "let's meet afterwards shall we?"[2] An angry Steve Jones responded by calling Grundy a "dirty sod" and a "dirty old man." Grundy further goaded Jones to "say something outrageous", a challenge that Jones met by calling Grundy a "dirty bastard" and a "dirty fucker".[2] Grundy mockingly responded "what a clever boy" and Jones retorted "what a fucking rotter." As the show ended and the credits rolled, Grundy mouthed "oh shit" as the band began dancing to the closing theme.[2]
Although Today was only shown in the London ITV region, it became a national story due to coverage and comment by the tabloid press. As a result, Grundy was suspended for two weeks and Today was cancelled two months later.[2]
[edit] Post-Today
The broadcast wrecked Grundy's television career. By 1979 he was presenting a book review programme, A Better Read, broadcast not at prime time like Today, but early on Sunday mornings.[3] His presenting slot on What the Papers Say in the early 1980s was his last on national British television, although he continued to present on BBC North West on such shows as Sweet and Sour and The Lancashire Lads into the mid-80s. He also appeared as an interviewer in ITV's adaptation of A Kind of Loving in 1982. Grundy died of a heart attack in Stockport, Greater Manchester,[4] on 9 February 1993, aged 69. His obituary was by his friend and colleague Brian Inglis. Two days later Inglis himself died.
His son Tim Grundy was a popular radio presenter in the Manchester area until his death in 2009. Grundy's other son Nick lives and teaches English in France.
References[link]
- ^ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0knFHyDD150
- ^ a b c d e f g h Matlock, Glen (June 1, 1998). I was a teenage Sex Pistol. Omnibus Press. ISBN 978-0-7119-1817-7.
- ^ http://www.ansible.co.uk/writing/ff02.html
- ^ http://www.findmypast.com/BirthsMarriagesDeaths.jsp Deaths England and Wales 1984-2006
External links[link]
- Recording of Live Video Broadcast
- Transcript of interview with the Sex Pistols
- Manchester Celebrities
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Grundy, Bill |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 18 May 1923 |
| Place of birth | Manchester |
| Date of death | 9 February 1993 |
| Place of death | Stockport, Greater Manchester |
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Coordinates: 51°49′00″N 0°48′45″W / 51.8168°N 0.8124°W / 51.8168; -0.8124
Aylesbury ( /ˈeɪlzbri/) is the county town of Buckinghamshire in South East England. However the town also falls into a notional geographical region known as the South Midlands an area that ecompasses the north of the South East, and the southern extremities of the East Midlands, and the western portion of the East of England. In the 2001 census the Aylesbury Urban Area, which includes Bierton, Fairford Leys, Stoke Mandeville and Watermead, had a population of 69,021, which included 56,392 for the Aylesbury civil parish.
The town name is of Old English origin. Its first recorded name Æglesburgh is thought to mean "Fort of Aegel", though who Aegel was is not recorded. Since earliest records there have been 57 variations of the name. Excavations in the town centre in 1985 found an Iron Age hillfort dating from the early 4th century BC. The town is sited on an outcrop of Portlandian limestone which accounts for its prominent position in the surrounding landscape, which is largely clay. Aylesbury was a major market town in Anglo-Saxon times, famous in addition as the burial place of Saint Osyth, whose shrine attracted pilgrims. The Early English parish church of St. Mary (which has many later additions) has a crypt beneath. Once thought to be Anglo-Saxon, it is now recognised as being of the same period as the medieval chapel above. At the Norman Conquest, the king took the manor of Aylesbury for himself, and it is listed as a royal manor in the Domesday Book, 1086.
